The Aetiological Profile Of Seizure In Patients Admitted In Teaching Hospital Of East India

Introduction: Seizure is common disease worldwide. It affects all the age groups and both the genders. There are several types as per International league against epilepsy (ILAE-2017). It can be broadly a focal onset, generalized onset or unknown onset seizure. Aetiologically it can be due to infection, metabolic abnormality, head trauma, cerebrovascular events, and alcohol and unknown reasons. Aim: This study attempts to find out the aetiological profile and helps in knowing the reversible and preventable causes of seizure in patients admitted in hospital. Methods: This is a retrospective analytical study on patients admitted in hospital. We went through the case records for history and investigations. Seizure was classified clinically based on records. Results: In our study, the total number of seizure cases were 127, where males (n=78) were more than females (n=49). Out of all the cases maximum affected patients were in the age group 50-69 years (29%, n=37) followed by 13-29 years (25%, n=32), 70-89 years (22.04%, n=28), and 30-49 years (13.38%, n=17) while least number of cases were above 90 years (10.23%, n=13). Generalized onset seizure was seen  more frequently (68.50%, n=87) than focal onset (31.50%, n=40). We found cerebrovascular accident (CVA) (25.19%,n=32), metabolic derangements (16.53%,n=21), idiopathic(14.17%,n=18), central nervous system (CNS) infection (11.02%,n=14) as the commoner reasons behind seizures while brain tumour(7.87%,n=10), encephalomalacia with gliosis and parenchymal calcification (5.51%,n=7 each), alcohol withdrawal (4.72%,n=6), focal brain oedema (3.93%,n=5),  poisoning and ring enhancing lesions (3.14%,n=4 each) were the less commoner ones. Conclusion: Generalized type seizure was noted more than focal onset type. Most frequently affected age groups were in 50-69 years and 13-29 years groups. Commoner aetiology of seizures noticed were cerebrovascular accident (CVA) (25.19%, n=32), metabolic derangements (16.53%, n=21), idiopathic (14.17%, n=18).