An holistic approach to Nature Based Solutions as a means to adapt to and mitigate climate change induced risks: The case study of Sperchios

The European Commission defines “Nature Based Solutions (NBS) to societal challenges” as solutions that are inspired and supported by nature, are cost-effective, provide environmental, social and economic benefits and help build resilience. The concept of NBS has been adopted in the research programme HORIZON 2020, as well as in the OPERANDUM principles, aiming to provide science-based evidence for the usability of NBS, ranging from local to landscape scales, and foster the market opportunities, upscaling and replicating in Europe and Worldwide. NBS is a complex process of nature that requires a range of methods and tools aligned with all possible procedures such as co-design, implementation, evaluation and monitoring, policies and regulations.