Comparison of the effectiveness of some plant extracts as botanical insecticides in soybean farming in Tidal Swampland
Authors/Creators
- 1. Indonesian Swampland Agriculture Research Institute. South Kalimantan, Indonesia
- 2. Plant Protection Department, Bogor Agriculture University. Bogor, West Java
- 3. Plant Protection Department, LambungMangkurat University. South Kalimantan
- 4. Indonesian Agency for Agriculture Research and Development. Jakarta. Indonesia
Description
ABSTRACT
Environmental degradation has reduced the quality of people’s life, especially in
developing countries. Therefore, since the 1970s the world community began to pay greater
attention to environmental issues, in the context of sustainable development. This can be
seen with the Stockholm Conference, Agenda 21 at the Rio Earth Summit, and the
Johannesburg Declaration. However, although the commitment and great attention was
given at the international level, environmental conditions are still deteriorating. One of the
causes is the synthetic pesticides application for controlling pests and plant diseases. The
long experience has proven that synthetic pesticides application in plant protection programs
has resulted in various disorders such as environmental damage, pest resurgence and
resistance, natural enemies’ mortality and human health problems. Therefore, it is very
important to get a substitute for synthetic insecticides which is the one of the environmental
pollutant sources. The alternatives that need to be developed are utilizing of toxic compounds
found in plants known as botanical insecticides. Swampland has great potential of plant
species that contain botanic insecticides. This study aims to identify the toxicity of plant
extracts of plant-based insecticides for controlling soybean crops pests in tidal swamp land.
The laboratory test for the toxicity effects of kirinyu leaf extract (Chromolainaodorata),
kepayang (Pangiumedule), bintaro (Carberamanghas) and extract of Java chili fruit (Piper
retrofractum) and forest betel (Piper aduncum) in 3rd instar Spodopteralitura larvae,
concluded that those plant extracts were able to kill 3rd instar Spodopteralitura larvae with
84%, 93%, 92%, 46% and 92% respectively after 72 hours of observation. Furthermore, the
efficacy test of those five plant extracts in soybean cultivation in the tidal swampland of
Central Kalimantan showed that Java chili was shown as the lowest leaf damage level (8.0%)
followed by kepayang (9.2%). Then, kepayang treatment also has the highest ability in
suppressing pods damage both caused by pod borer and pod sucker, with 60.69% and
71.99% respectively. Plots with kirinyu extract treatment has the highest predatory
arthropod abundance of 423 (48.85%).