Hybrid sequencing reveals insight into heat sensing and signaling of bread wheat

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a globally important crop, is challenged by increasing temperatures (heat stress, HS); however, its polyploid nature, the incompleteness of its genome sequences and annotation, the lack of comprehensive HS-responsive transcriptomes and the unexplored heat sensing and signaling of wheat hinder our full understanding of its adaptations to HS. The recently released genome sequences of wheat, as well as the emerging single-molecular sequencing technologies, provides an opportunity to thoroughly investigate the molecular mechanisms of the wheat response to HS. We generated a high-resolution spatio-temporal transcriptome map of wheat flag leaves and filling grain under HS at 0 minute (m), 5 m, 10 m, 30 m, 1 hour (h) and 4 h by combining full-length single-molecular sequencing and Illumina short reads sequencing. This hybrid sequencing newly discovered 4,947 loci and 70,285 transcripts, generating the comprehensive and dynamic list of HS-responsive full-length transcripts and complementing the recently released wheat reference genome.