Published December 31, 2013 | Version v1
Journal article Restricted

Taxonomic review of the tree frog genus Rhacophorus from the Western Ghats, India (Anura: Rhacophoridae), with description of ontogenetic colour changes and reproductive behaviour

Description

Biju, S. D., Kamei, Rachunliu G., Mahony, Stephen, Thomas, Ashish, Garg, Sonali, Sircar, Gargi, Suyesh, Robin (2013): Taxonomic review of the tree frog genus Rhacophorus from the Western Ghats, India (Anura: Rhacophoridae), with description of ontogenetic colour changes and reproductive behaviour. Zootaxa 3636 (2): 257-289, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3636.2.3

Files

Restricted

The record is publicly accessible, but files are restricted. <a href="https://zenodo.org/account/settings/login?next=https://zenodo.org/records/218525">Log in</a> to check if you have access.

Linked records

Additional details

Identifiers

URL
https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/43721
LSID
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1BD9544C-0D09-4F36-A3EF-07F53E129D39
LSID
urn:lsid:plazi.org:pub:AE116116FFE8FFB22341C81B067EF869
URL
http://publication.plazi.org/id/AE116116FFE8FFB22341C81B067EF869

References

  • Abraham, S.K., Easa, P.S., Jahas, S.S. & Shaji, C.P. (2001) Amphibian fauna of Wayanad, Kerala. Zoos'Print Journal, 16 (4), 457-461.
  • Ahl, E. (1927) Zur Systematik der asiatischen Arten der Froschgattung Rhacophorus. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde Berlin, 1927, 35-47.
  • Ahl, E. (1931) Amphibia, Anura III, Polypedatidae. Das Tierreich, 55, pp. xvi + 477.
  • Altig, R. & McDiarmid, R.W. (1999) Body plan: development and morphology. In: McDiarmid, R.W. & Altig, R. (Eds). Tadpoles. Biology of anuran larvae. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 24-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-142x.2000.00049.x
  • Altig, R. & McDiarmid, R.W. (2007) Morphological diversity and evolution of egg and clutch structure in amphibians. Herpetological Monographs, 21, 1-32.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1655/06-005.1
  • AmphibiaWeb (2013) AmphibiaWeb: Information on Amphibian Biology and Conservation. University of California, Berkeley. Website: http:// www.amphibiaweb.org. (accessed on 0 5 February 2013).
  • Anderson, J. (1871) A list of the reptilian accession to the Indian Museum, Calcutta, from 1865 to 1870, with a description of some new species. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 40, 12-39.
  • Bell, R.C. & Zamudio, K.R. (2012) Sexual dichromatism in frogs: natural selection, sexual selection, and unexpected diversity. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 279, 4687-4693.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.1609
  • Bennet, D., Hampson, K., Sanders, K. & Anderson, M. (2000) Frogs of Coorg, Karnataka, India. Final Report of the Aberdeen University Western Ghats Project, 1998, pp. 1-141.
  • Biju, S.D. (2000) 2 frogs and 100 years. Occasional Publication of the Indian Society for Conservation Biology (ISCB). Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, India, 14-15.
  • Biju, S.D. (2001) A synopsis of the frog fauna of the Western Ghats, India. Indian Society for Conservation Biology (ISCB)-Occasional Publication, 1, pp. 1-24.
  • Biju, S.D. (2009) A novel nesting behaviour of a treefrog, Rhacophorus lateralis in the Western Ghats, India. Current Science, 97, 433-437.
  • Biju, S.D. & Bossuyt, F. (2003) New frog family from India reveals an ancient biogeographical link with the Seychelles. Nature, 425, 711-714.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02019
  • Biju, S.D. & Bossuyt, F. (2005) Two new Philautus (Anura: Ranidae: Rhacophorinae) from Ponmudi Hill in the Western Ghats of India. Copeia, 2005, 29-37.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/CH-04-194R1
  • Biju, S.D. & Bossuyt, F. (2009) Systematics and phylogeny of Philautus Gistel, 1848 (Anura, Rhacophoridae) in the Western Ghats of India, with descriptions of 12 new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 155, 374-444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00466.x
  • Biju, S.D., Shouche, Y.S., Dubois, A., Dutta, S.K. & Bossuyt, F. (2010) A ground-dwelling rhacophorid frog from the highest mountain peak of the Western Ghats of India. Current Science, 98, 1119-1125.
  • Biju, S.D., Bocxlaer, I.V., Mahony, S., Dinesh, K.P., Radhakrishnan, C., Zachariah, A., Giri, V.B. & Bossuyt, F. (2011) A taxonomic review of the Night Frog genus Nyctibatrachus Boulenger, 1882 in the Western Ghats, India (Anura: Nyctibatrachidae) with description of twelve new species. Zootaxa, 3029, 1-96.
  • Bocxlaer, I.V., Biju, S.D., Loader, S.P. & Bossuyt, F. (2009) Toad radiation reveals into-India dispersal as a source of endemism in the Western Ghats-Sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 9, 1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-9-131
  • Bocxlaer, I.V., Biju, S.D., Willaert, B., Giri, V.B., Shouche, Y.S. and Bossuyt, F. (2012) Mountain-associated clade endemism in an ancient frog family (Nyctibatrachidae) on the Indian subcontinent. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 62, 839-847.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2011.11.027
  • Booth, C.L. (1990) Evolutionary significance of ontogenetic colour change in animals. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 40, 125-163.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1990.tb01973.x
  • Bordoloi, S., Bortamuli, T. & Ohler, A. (2007) Systematics of the genus Rhacophorus (Amphibia, Anura): identity of redwebbed forms and description of a new species from Assam. Zootaxa, 1653, 1-20.
  • Bossuyt, F. & Milinkovitch, M.C. (2000) Convergent adaptive radiations in Madagascan and Asian ranid frogs reveal covariation between larval and adult traits. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 97, 6585-6590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.12.6585
  • Bossuyt, F. & Dubois, A. (2001) A review of the frog genus Philautus Gistel, 1848 (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae, Rhacophorinae). Zeylanica, 6, 1-112.
  • Bossuyt, F. & Milinkovitch, M.C. (2000) Convergent adaptive radiations in Madagascan and Asian ranid frogs reveal covariation between larval and adult traits. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 97, 6585-6590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.12.6585
  • Bossuyt, F., Beenaerts, N., Meegaskumbura, M., Gower, D.J., Pethiyagoda, R., Roelants, K., Mannaert, A., Wilkinson, M., Bahir, M.M., Manamendra-Arachchi, K., Oommen, O.V., Ng, P.K.L., Schneider, C.J. & Milinkovitch, M.C. (2004) Local endemism within the Western Ghats-Sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot. Science, 306, 479-481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1100167
  • Bossuyt, F., Brown, R.M., Hillis, D.M., Cannatella, D.C. & Milinkovitch, M.C. (2006) Phylogeny and Biogeogaphy of a Cosmopolitan Frog Radiation: Late Cretaceous Diversification Resulted in Continent-scale Endemism in the Family Ranidae. Systematic Biology, 55, 579-594.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10635150600812551
  • Boulenger, G.A. (1882) Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia s. Ecaudata in the Collection of the British Museum. Second Edition. Taylor and Francis, London, pp. 503.
  • Boulenger, G.A. (1883) Description of new species of reptiles and batrachians in the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 12, 161-167.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222938309459605
  • Boulenger, G.A. (1890) The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. Taylor & Francis, London, pp. xviii + 541.
  • Bourne, G.R. (1993) Proximate costs and benefits of mate acquisition at leks of the frog Ololygon rubra. Animal Behavior, 45, 1051-1059.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1993.1131
  • Brodie, E.D. (1993) Differential Avoidance of Coral Snake Banded Patterns by Free-Ranging Avian Predators in Costa Rica. Evolution, 47, 227-235.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2410131
  • Brown, R.M., Linkem, C.W., Siler, C.D., Sukumaran, J., Esselstyn, J.A., Diesmos, A.C., Iskandar, D.T., Bickford, D., Evans, B.J., McGuire, J.A., Grismer, L., Supriatna, J. & Andayani, N. (2010) Phylogeography and historical demography of Polypedates leucomystax in the islands of Indonesia and the Philippines: Evidence for recent human-mediated range expansion? Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 57, 598-619.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2010.06.015
  • Buckmann, D. (1974) Die hormonale steuerung der pigmentierung und des morphologischen farbwechsebbei den insekten. Fortschritte der Zoologie, 22, 1-22.
  • Buckmann, D. (1984) Tryptophan metabolism and morphological colour change in insects. In: Schlossberger, H.G., Kochen, W., Linzen, B. & Steinhart, H. (Eds) Progress in Tryptophan and Serotonin Research. Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin, pp. 733-742.
  • Buckmann, D. (1985) Color change in insects. In: Bagnara, J., Klaus, S.N., Paul, E. & Schartl, M. (Eds) Biological, Molecular and Clinical Aspects of Pigmentation, Pigment Cell. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, pp. 209-217.
  • Byrne, P.G. & Keogh, J.S. (2009) Extreme sequential polyandry insures against nest failure in a frog. Proceedings of Royal Society B, 276, 115-120.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.0794
  • Byrne, P.G. & Whiting, M.J. (2008) Simultaneous polyandry increases fertilisation success in an African foam-nesting tree frog. Animal Behaviour, 76, 1157-1164.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.05.019
  • Byrne, P.G., Roberts, J.D. & Simmons, L.W. (2002) Sperm competition selects for increased testes mass in Australian frogs. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 15, 347-355.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1420-9101.2002.00409.x
  • Chan, K.O. & Grismer L.L. (2010) Re-assessment of the Reinwardt's Gliding Frog, Rhacophorus reinwardtii (Schlegel 1840) (Anura: Rhacophoridae) in southern Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia and its re-description as a new species. Zootaxa, 2505, 40-50.
  • Chanda, S.K., Das, I & Dubois, A. (2000 "1999") Catalogue of amphibian types in the collection of Zoological Survey of India. Hamadryad, 25, 100-128.
  • Chandramouli, S.R. & Ganesh, S.R. (2010) Herpetofauna of southern Western Ghats, India-reinvestigated after decades. TAPROBANICA: The Journal of Asian Biodiversity, 2, 72-85.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/tapro.v2i2.3145
  • Coe, M.J. (1967) Co-operation of three males in nest construction by Chiromantis rufescens Gunther (Amphibia : Rhacophoridae). Nature, 214, 112-113.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/214112b0
  • Coe, M. (1974) Observations on the ecology and breeding biology of the genus Chiromantis (Amphibia: Rhacophoridae). Journal of Zoology London, 172, 13-34.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1974.tb04091.x
  • Creer, D.A. (2005) Correlations between ontogenetic change in color pattern and antipredator behavior in the racer, Coluber constrictor. Ethology, 111, 287-300.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.2004.01062.x
  • Daly, M. (1978) The cost of mating. American Naturalist, 112, 771-774.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/283319
  • Daniels, R.J.R. (2003) Impact of tea cultivation on anurans in the Western Ghats. Current Science, 85, 1415-1422.
  • Daniels, R.J.R. (2005) Amphibians of Peninsular India. University Press, Hyderabad.
  • Daniel, J.C. & Sekar, A. (1989) Field guide to the amphibians of western India. Part 4. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 86, 194-202.
  • Das, I. (2000) Nomenclatural history and rediscovery of Rhacophorus lateralis Boulenger, 1883 (Amphibia: Rhacophoridae).
  • Das, I. & Dutta, S.K. (1998) Checklist of the amphibians of India, with English common names. Hamadryad, 23, 63-68.
  • Delorme, M. (2004) Phylogeny of Ranidae Rhacophorinae: Conflicts Between Molecular and Morphological Analyses, and Study of its Nature. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, in thesis.
  • Dinesh, K.P., Radhakrishnana, C., Gururaja, K.V. & Zacariya, A. (2010) New locality records of Rhacophorus lateralis Boulenger, 1883 (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae), in the Western Ghats. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 2, 986-989.
  • D'Orgeix, C.A. & Turner, B.J. (1995) Multiple paternity in the red-eyed treefrog Agalychnis callidryas (Cope). Molecular Ecology, 4, 505-508.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1995.tb00245.x
  • Dutta, S.K. (1997) Amphibians of India and Sri Lanka (Checklist and Bibliography). Odyssey Publishing House, Bubaneswar, India, pp. xiii + 342 + xxii.
  • Easa, P.S. (2003) Amphibians, Part 9: Biodiversity documentation for Kerala. KFRI handbook, No. 17, 35.
  • Feng, A.S. & Narins, P.M. (1991) Unusual mating behaviour of Malaysian tree frogs, Polypedates leucomystax. Naturwissenschaften, 78, 62-365.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01131610
  • Ferguson, H.S. (1904) A list of Travancore batrachians. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 45, 499-509.
  • Ford, L.S. & Cannatella, D.C. (1993) The major clades of frogs. Herpetological Monographs, 7, 94-117. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1466954
  • Frost, D.R. (2013) Amphibian Species of the World 5.5: An Online Reference. The American Museum of Natural History. Website: http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/ (accessed on 0 5 February 2013).
  • Fukuyama, K. (1991) Spawning behaviour and male mating tactics of a foam-nesting tree frog, Rhacophorus schlegelii (Rhacophoridae, Amphibia). Animal Behaviour, 42, 193-199.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80550-0
  • Gladstone, D.E. (1979) Promiscuity in monogamous colonial birds. American Naturalist, 114, 545-557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/283501
  • Goel, A. & Goel, M. (2010) Observations on Rhacophorus lateralis and R. malabaricus in northern Coorg. Frogleg, Newsletter of the Amphibian Network of South Asia and Amphibian Specialist Group South Asia, 14, 8-10.
  • Gunther, A. (1912) The History of the Collections Contained in the Natural History Departments of the British Museum. Vol II-Appendix. General History of the Department of Zoology from 1856 to 1895. Trustees of the British Museum, London, IX + 109 pp.
  • Haas, A. (1997) The larval hyobranchial apparatus of discoglossoid frogs: Its structure and bearing on the systematics of the Anura (Amphibia: Anura). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 35, 179-197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0469.1997.tb00422.x
  • Haas. A. (2003) Pylogeny of frogs as inferred from primarily larval characters (Amphibia: Anura). Cladistics, 19, 23-89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0748-3007(03)00006-9
  • Halliday, T.R. (1998) Sperm competition in amphibians. In: Birkhead T.R. & Moller, A.P. (Eds) Sperm Competition and Sexual Selection. Academic Press, London, pp. 465-502.
  • Halliday, T.R. & Verrell, P.A. (1984) Sperm competition in amphibians. In: Smith, R.L. (Ed) Sperm Competition and the Evolution of Animal Mating Systems. Academic Press, Orlando, pp. 487-508.
  • Hedges, S.B. (2003) Biogeography: The coelacanth of frogs. Nature, 425, 669-670.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/425669a
  • Hoffman, E. & Blouin, M. (2000) A review of colour and pattern polymorphisms in anurans. Biological Journal of Linnean Society, 70, 633-665.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2000.tb00221.x
  • Inger, R.F. (1999) Distribution of amphibians in southern Asia and adjacent islands. In: Duellman, W.E. (Ed) Patterns of Distribution of Amphibians. A Global Perspective. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, pp. 445-482.
  • Inger, R.F. & Dutta S.K. (1987) An overview of the amphibian fauna of India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, "1986" 83 (Suppl.), 135-146.
  • Inger, R.F., Shaffer, H.B., Koshy, M. & Bakde, R. (1984) A report on a collection of amphibians and reptiles from the Ponmudi, Kerala, South India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 81, 406-427.
  • Inger, R.F., Orlov, N. & Darevsky, I. (1999) Frogs of Vietnam: a report on new collections. Fieldiana Zoology (new series), 92, 1-46.
  • Jennions, M.D. & Passmore, N.I. (1993) Sperm competition in frogs: testis size and a ''sterile male'' experiment on Chiromantis xerampelina (Rhacophoridae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 50, 211-220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bijl.1993.1055
  • Jennions, M.D. & Petrie, M. (2000) Why do females mate multiply? A review of the genetic benefits. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 75, 21-64.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0006323199005423
  • Jennions, M.D., Blackwell, P.R.Y. & Passmore, N.I. (1992) Breeding behaviour of the African frog, Chiromantis xerampelina: multiple spawning and polyandry. Animal Behaviour, 44, 1091-1100.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80321-5
  • Jerdon, T.C. (1870) Notes on Indian herpetology. Proceeding of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1870, 66-85.
  • Jiang, S.P., Hu, S.Q. & Zhao, E.M. (1987) The approach of the phylogenetic relationships and the supraspecific classification of 14 Chinese species of treefrogs (Rhacophoridae). Acta Herpetologica Sinica, 6, 43-47.
  • Jungfer, K.H. & Hodl, W. (2002) A new species of Osteocephalus from Ecuador and a redescription of O. leprieurii (Dumeril & Bibron, 1841) (Anura: Hylidae). Amphibia-Reptilia, 23, 21-46.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853802320877609
  • Kadadevaru, G.G. & Kanamadi, R.D. (2000) Courtship and nesting behaviour of the Malabar gliding frog, Rhacophorus malabaricus. Current Science, 79, 377-380.
  • Kasuya, E., Shigehara, H. & Hirota, M. (1987) Mating aggregation in the Japanese treefrog, Rhacophorus arboreus (Anura:Rhacophoridae): a test of cooperation hypothesis. Zoological Science, 4, 693-697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02514965
  • Kasuya, E., Hirota, M. & Shigehara, H. (1996) Reproductive behavior of the Japanese tree frog, Rhacophorus arboreus (Anura: Rhacophoridae). Researches on Population Ecology, 38, 1-10.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02514965
  • Krishnamurthy, S.V. (2003) Amphibian assemblages in undisturbed and disturbed areas of Kudremukh National Park, central Western Ghats, India. Environmental Conservation, 30, 274-282.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0376892903000274
  • Kusano, T., Toda, M. & Fukuyama, K. (1991) Testis size and breeding system in Japanese anurans with special reference to large testes size in the tree frog, Rhacophorus arboreus. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 29, 27-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00164291
  • Kuhl, H. & Van Hasselt, J.C. (1822) Uittreksels uit breieven van de Heeren Kuhl en van Hasselt, aan de Heeren C. J. Temminck, Th. van Swinderen en W. de Haan. Algemeene Konst-en Letter-Bode, 7, 99- 104.
  • Liao, W.B. & Lu, X. (2010) Breeding behaviour of the Omei tree frog Rhacophorus omeimontis (Anura: Rhacophoridae) in a subtropical montane region. Journal of Natural History, 44, 2929-2940.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2010.502594
  • Liem, S.S. (1970) The morphology, systematics, and evolution of the Old World treefrogs (Rhacophoridae and Hyperoliidae). Fieldiana Zoology, 57, 1-145.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2412122
  • Maglia, A .M ., Pugener, L.A . & Trueb, L . (2001 ) Comparative development of anurans: using phylogeny to understand ontogeny, American Zoologist, 41, 538-551.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1668/0003-1569(2001)041[0538:CDOAUP]2.0.CO;2
  • Matsui, M. (2005) Taxonomic relationship of two species of Rhacophorus from Vietnam (Amphibia, Rhacophoridae). Current Herpetology, 24, 91-93.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.3105/1345-5834(2005)24[91:TROTSO]2.0.CO;2
  • Meenakshi, K., Sujith,V.G. & Sanil, G. (2009) DNA barcoding of some amphibians of Western Ghats. Third International Barcode Of Life Conference, in press.
  • Molur, S. & Molur, P. (2010) Rhacophorus lateralis in Madikeri, Kodagu, Karnataka. Frogleg, Newsletter of the Amphibian Network of South Asia and Amphibian Specialist Group South Asia, 14, 6-7.
  • Ohler, A. & Dubois, A. (2006) Hyla reinwardtii Schlegel, 1840 as a nomen protectum. Alytes, 23, 123-132.
  • Orton, G.L. (1953) The systematics of vertebrate larvae. Systematics Zoology, 2, 63-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2411661
  • Peters, W.C.H. (1867) Herpetologische notizen. Monatsberichte der Koniglichen Preussische Akademie des Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1867, 13-37.
  • Pillai, R.S. (1986) Amphibian fauna of Silent Valley, Kerala, S. India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 84, 229-242.
  • Ravichandran, M.S. & Pillai, R.S. (1990) On a collection of frogs and toads from Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary. Records of Zoological Survey of India, 87, 121-126.
  • Roberts, J.D., Standish, R.J., Byrne, P.G. & Doughty, P. (1999) Synchronous polyandry and multiple paternity in the frog Crinia georgiana (Anura: Myobatrachidae). Animal Behaviour, 57, 721-726.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1998.1019
  • Roelants, K., Jiang, J. & Bossuyt, F. (2004) Endemic ranid (Amphibia: Anura) genera in Southern mountain ranges of the Indian subcontinent represent ancient frog lineages: evidence from molecular data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 31, 730-740.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2003.09.011
  • Sclater, W.L. (1892a) List of the Batrachian in the Indian Museum. Taylor and Francis, London, iii-viii + 43 pp.
  • Sclater, W.L. (1892b) On some specimens of frogs in the Indian Museum, Calcutta with description of several new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 341-348.
  • Seshadri, K.S., Gururaja, K.V. & Aravind, N.A. (2012) A new species of Raorchestes (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from mid-elevation evergreen forests of the southern Western Ghats, India. Zootaxa, 3410, 19-34.
  • Sheldon, B.C. (1994) Male phenotype, fertility, and the pursuit of extra-pair copulations by female birds. Proceedings of Royal Society London B, 257, 25-30.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1994.0089
  • Simmons, L.W. (2005) The evolution of polyandry: sperm competition, sperm selection, and offspring viability. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 36, 125-146.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.36.102403.112501
  • Smith, M.A. (1924) New tree-frogs from Indo-China and the Malay Peninsula. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1924, 225-234.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1924.tb01499.x
  • Stacey, P.B. (1982) Female promiscuity and male reproductive success in social birds and mammals. American Naturalist, 120, 51-64.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/283969
  • Stockley, P. (1997) Sexual conflict resulting from adaptations to sperm competition. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 12, 154-159.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01000-8
  • Stuart, B.L., Sok, K. & Neang, T. (2006) A collection of amphibians and reptiles from hilly eastern Cambodia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 54 (1), 129-155.
  • Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M., & Kumar, S. (2011) MEGA5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 28, 2731-2739.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msr121
  • Tregenza, T. & Wedell, N. (1998) Benefits of multiple mates in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus. Evolution, 52, 1726-1730. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2411345
  • Tregenza, T. & Wedell, N. (2002) Polyandrous females avoid costs of inbreeding. Nature, 415, 71-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/415071a
  • Vasudevan, K. & Dutta, S.K. (2000) A new species of Rhacophorus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from the Western Ghats, India. Hamadryad, 25, 21-28.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1670/106-05A.1
  • Vasudevan, K., Kumar, A. & Chellam, R. (2001) Structure and composition of rainforest floor amphibian communities in Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve. Current Science, 80, 406-412.
  • Wells, K.D. (2007) The Ecology and Behavior of Amphibians. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 1148.
  • Wilkinson, J. A. & Drewes, R.C. (2000) Character assessment, genus level boundaries and phylogenetic analyses of the family Rhacophoridae: a review and present day status. Contemporary Herpetology, 2, 1-27.
  • Wilson, D., Heinsohn, R. & Legge, S. (2006) Age- and sex-related differences in the spatial ecology of a dichromatic tropical python (Morelia viridis). Austral Ecology, 31, 577-587.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2006.01519.x
  • Wilson, D., Heinsohn, R. & Endler, J.A. (2007) The adaptive significance of ontogenetic colour change in a tropical python. Biology Letters, 3, 40-43.
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2006.0574
  • Wilson, E.O. (1975) Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 697.
  • Wolf, S. (1936) Revision der untergattung Rhacophorus (ausschliesslich der Madagaskar-Formen). Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, Singapore, 12, 137-217.
  • Yasui, Y. (1998) The ''genetic benefits'' of multiple mating reconsidered. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 13, 246-250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01383-4
  • Zachariah, A., Dinesh, K.P., Kunhikrishnan, E., Das, S., Raju, D.V., Radhakrishnan, C., Palot, M.J. & Kalesh, S. (2011) Nine new species of frogs of the genus Raorchestes (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from southern Western Ghats, India. Biosystematica, 2011, 5(1), 25-48.
  • Zeh, J.A. & Zeh, D.W. (2001) Reproductive mode and the genetic benefits of polyandry. Animal Behaviour, 61, 1051-1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.2000.1705