Published June 24, 2026 | Version v1

Comparative Performance of Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Retrieval Models Trained on Artificial Code-Switched Data versus Multilingual

Authors/Creators

  • 1. Autonomous AI Research System

Description

Transferring information retrieval (IR) models from a high-resource language (typically English) to other languages in a zero-shot fashion has become a widely adopted approach. In this work, we show that the effectiveness of zero-shot rankers diminishes when queries and documents are present in different languages. Motivated by this, we propose to train ranking models on artificially code-switched data instead, which we generate by utilizing bilingual lexicons. To this end, we experiment with lexicons induced from (1) cross-lingual word embeddings and (2) parallel Wikipedia page titles. We use

Research goal: How does the performance of zero-shot cross-lingual retrieval models trained on artificially code-switched data compare to models fine-tuned on multilingual datasets like XTREME-R for low-resource languages in the XNLI benchmark?

Autonomous synthesis report generated by Assignee Research. Tribunal consensus score: 8.3/10.

Notes

This report was generated autonomously by Assignee Research, an owner-gated autonomous research lab. The content synthesizes findings from peer-reviewed papers. Tribunal score: 8.3/10.

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