An Assessment of Solar Water Pump System Sustainability in Indonesia: A Multidimensional Scaling Approach

The implementation of solar water pump systems (SWPS) has been increasingly developed, especially in remote areas facing challenges with access to electricity and clean water. However, this technology also has several limitations and challenges that need to be addressed, such as high initial costs, technological and infrastructure limitations, and the need for extensive land areas. This study aims to evaluate the benefits of sustainable solar water pump (SWP) installations in Indonesia, focusing on three main aspects: economic, social, and environmental. Primary data collection was conducted at 33 SWPS installation sites across Indonesia. Primary data analysis was conducted using Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) with the R software as the statistical technique used to visualize the level of similarity or dissimilarity of multivariate data in graphical form. The research results indicate that the overall sustainability score is 58.67, which categorizes the application of SWPS in Indonesia as moderately sustainable. The economic dimension has the highest sustainability score of 66.28, followed by environmental with 55.47, and social with 54.27. This analysis is crucial so that the SWP technology can be recognized, understood, and optimally applied in various regions of Indonesia, especially in areas requiring environmentally friendly and energy-efficient clean water solutions. A comprehensive understanding of the economic impact in terms of cost savings, social benefits in improving community quality of life, and environmental impact related to carbon emission reductions will assist in determining whether this technology is feasible for wide adoption or requires alternative approaches.