Evergreen
Published March 1, 2026 | Version v1
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A Spearman-Based Assessment of Oceanographic Parameters Influences on Biofouling Mitigation through Averrhoa bilimbi Leaf Extract

Authors/Creators

  • 1. Naval Architecture Study Program, Engineering Faculty, Jember University, Indonesia
  • 2. Civil Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Jember University, Indonesia
  • 3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kunsan National University, Republic of Korea

Contributors

Contact person:

  • 1. Naval Architecture Study Program, Engineering Faculty, Jember University, Indonesia

Description

This study evaluates the antifouling potential of Averrhoa bilimbi leaf extract (ABLE) and its correlation with oceanographic parameters under field conditions. Steel specimens treated with ABLE-oil paint mixtures (ratios 1:1, 3:7, 7:3) were compared to control and commercial paint groups. The 1:1 treatment showed the lowest biofouling growth rate (0.049 g/day). Spearman correlation revealed temperature and current significantly influenced biofouling in control specimens, while treated specimens showed weaker associations. These findings suggest antifouling performance is more dependent on chemical composition than environmental factors, supporting ABLE's potential as a sustainable antifouling agent.

Notes

Published in Evergreen, Volume 13, Issue 01. Citation formats available via DOI link.

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Related works

Is identical to
Journal article: 10.5109/7405131 (DOI)
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Other: https://citation.crossref.org/?doi=10.5109/7405131 (URL)