Indonesia's CO2 Storage Resources Maturity to Support Low-Emission Energy Systems

The decarbonization of the energy system to achieve a global Net-Zero Emission (NZE) in 2050, needs significant deployment of all low-emission energy technologies. One potential technology that is readily proven for carbon dioxide (CO2) emission reduction is carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) . Indonesia plays an essential role in the global CCUS deployment, due to the availability of vast sedimentary basins with geological media suitable for CO2 storage, but no research has been published to addresses the storage maturity. Therefore, this research aimed to close the gap associated with Indonesia CO2 storage resources maturity to support low-emission energy system using an internationally agreed standard. Sites that support large and commercial-scale CCUS project development are identified by applying a minimum threshold of 10 million tonnes (Mt) for CO2 storage resources. The result showed that based on the 728 oil fields with CO2 storage resources of 1.31 gigatonnes (Gt), only 14 with 0.81 Gt are available and classified as Sub-Commercial. Furthermore, out of the 340 gas fields with 8.84 Gt, 66 fields are above the threshold with value of 8.42 Gt consisting of 0.025 Gt Commercial and 8.40 Gt Sub-Commercial. Basin-scale assessment for deep-saline reservoirs in 21 basins amounted to 680.57 Gt classed as Undiscovered., Gas reservoirs showed the most technical and commercial readiness for CO2 storage in Indonesia shortly. This research is instrumental in delivering early, large-scale volumes of low-emission energy production, such as fossil power generation and hydrogen from reformed natural gas in key regions of Asia.