Published May 22, 2015
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Structure and function of the global ocean microbiome
Authors/Creators
- Sunagawa, Shinichi1
- Coelho, Luis Pedro1
- Chaffron, Samuel 2
- Kultima, Jens Roat1
- Labadie, Karine 3
- Salazar, Guillem 4
- Djahanschiri, Bardya 1
- Zeller, Georg 1
- Mende, Daniel R.1
- Alberti, Adriana3
- Cornejo-Castillo, Francisco M. 4
- Costea, Paul I. 1
- Cruaud, Corinne 3
- d'Ovidio, Francesco 5
- Engelen, Stefan3
- Ferrera, Isabel4
- Gasol, Josep M.4
- Guidi, Lionel6
- Hildebarnd, Falk1
- Kokoszka, Florian 7
- Lepoivre, Cyrille 8
- Lima-Mendez, Gipsi9
- Poulain, Julie3
- Poulos, Bonnie T. 10
- Royo-Llonch, Marta4
- Sarmento, Hugo11
- Vieira-Silva, Sara 2
- Dimier, Céline12
- Picheral, Marc6
- Searson, Sarah6
- Kandels-Lewis, Stefanie13
- Bowler, Chris14
- de Vargas, Colomban15
- Gorsky, Gabriel6
- Grimsley, Nigel16
- Hingamp, Pascal8
- Iudicone, Daniele17
- Jaillon, Olivier18
- Not, Fabrice19
- Ogata, Hiroyuki20
- Pesant, Stèphane21
- Speich, Sabrina22
- Stemmann, Lars6
- Sullivan, Metthew B.10
- Weissenbach, Jean18
- Wincker, Patrick23
- Karsenti, Eric24
- Jeroen, Raes2
- Acinas, Silivia G.4
- Bork, Peer25
- 1. Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
- 2. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium and Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium and Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- 3. CEA–Institut de Génomique, GENOSCOPE, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry, France
- 4. Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM)-CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona E08003, Spain
- 5. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Université Paris 06, CNRS-IRD-MNHN, LOCEAN Laboratory, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris France
- 6. CNRS, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche-sur-Mer, Observatoire Océanologique, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire Océanologique, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
- 7. Ecole Normale Supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), and Inserm U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, F-75005 Paris, France and Laboratoire de Physique des Océans UBO-IUEM, Place Copernic 29820 Plouzané, France
- 8. Aix Marseille Université CNRS IGS UMR 7256, 13288 Marseille, France
- 9. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium and Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium and Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- 10. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, 1007 East Lowell Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
- 11. Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM)-CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona E08003, Spain and Department of Hydrobiology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
- 12. Ecole Normale Supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), and Inserm U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, F-75005 Paris, France and CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France
- 13. Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany and Directors’ Research, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- 14. Ecole Normale Supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), and Inserm U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, F-75005 Paris, France
- 15. CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, FranceCNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France
- 16. CNRS UMR 7232, BIOM, Avenue du Fontaulé, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France. 19Sorbonne Universités Paris 06, OOB UPMC, Avenue du Fontaulé, 66650 Bany and Sorbonne Universités Paris 06, OOB UPMC, Avenue du Fontaulé, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
- 17. Sorbonne Universités Paris 06, OOB UPMC, Avenue du Fontaulé, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
- 18. CEA–Institut de Génomique, GENOSCOPE, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry, France and CNRS, UMR 8030, CP5706, Evry, France and Université d’Evry, UMR 8030, CP5706, Evry, France
- 19. CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France
- 20. Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-001, Japan
- 21. PANGAEA, Data Publisher for Earth and Environmental Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany and MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- 22. Department of Geosciences, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD), Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France and Laboratoire de Physique des Océans UBO-IUEM, Place Copernic, 29820 Plouzané, France
- 23. CEA–Institut de Génomique, GENOSCOPE, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry, France and Université d’Evry, UMR 8030, CP5706, Evry, France
- 24. Ecole Normale Supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), and Inserm U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, F-75005 Paris, France and Directors’ Research, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- 25. Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany and Max-Delbrück-Centre for Molecular Medicine, 13092 Berlin, Germany
Description
Microbes are dominant drivers of biogeochemical processes, yet drawing a global picture of functional diversity, microbial community structure, and their ecological determinants remains a grand challenge. We analyzed 7.2 terabases of metagenomic data from 243 Tara Oceans samples from 68 locations in epipelagic and mesopelagic waters across the globe to generate an ocean microbial reference gene catalog with >40 million nonredundant, mostly novel sequences from viruses, prokaryotes, and picoeukaryotes. Using 139 prokaryote-enriched samples, containing >35,000 species, we show vertical stratification with epipelagic community composition mostly driven by temperature rather than other environmental factors or geography. We identify ocean microbial core functionality and reveal that >73% of its abundance is shared with the human gut microbiome despite the physicochemical differences between these two ecosystems.
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