PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF GLASS BRACELET FROM THE WEST CEMETERY OF UMM EL-JIMAL IN NORTHEASTERN JORDAN
Authors/Creators
- 1. Department of Archaeology, Yarmouk University, Postal code 211-63, Irbid, Jordan.
Description
SEM-EDX analysis is used in this study to investigate the production technology of 20 fragments of glass bracelets of uncertain date uncovered from the reused west cemetery of Umm el-Jimal in northeastern Jordan. While six bracelets are complexly decorated with multi-colored glasses, the rest are plain and monocolored. Most of the bracelets appear macroscopically deeply colored or black. Styles and chemical analysis indicated an Islamic origin to the bracelets. Chemically, the bracelets are divided into natron, plant-ash and mixed-natron-plant-ash groups. Red, white, yellow-green decorations were produced by dispersing micronscale copper crystals, tin oxide and lead-tin oxides in the glass melt, respectively. The results indicated recycling of older glass for the production of some bracelets and use of metal and alloy by-products as glass colorants.