Published February 28, 2021
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Table 1 in What pollinators see does not match what they smell: Absence of color-fragrance association in the deceptive orchid Ionopsis utricularioides
Authors/Creators
- 1. * & Programa de P´os-Graduaçao ˜ em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083 - 865, Brazil
- 2. Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment (HEP) at the Eberhard Karls Universit ¨ at Tübingen, Sigwartstr. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- 3. Universidade de S ˜ ao Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura " Luiz de Queiroz " (ESALQ), Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Piracicaba, SP, 13418 - 900, Brazil & Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
- 4. Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura " Luiz de Queiroz " (ESALQ), Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Piracicaba, SP, 13418 - 900, Brazil
- 5. Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083 - 865, Brazil
Description
Table 1 Floral fragrance profile and color saturation according to bee’ s visual discrimination of the orchid, Ionopsis utricularioides individuals. Values are ng.μl 1 per flower for the emission of floral compounds, and hexagon model units for floral color saturation. Average values are mean ±standard error. RI designates retention index for the compounds.
| Ionopsis utricularioides individuals | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | Average | ||
| Compound | RI | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fatty acid derivatives | 2.7 ± 1.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3-hexen-1-ol acetate a | 998 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.1 |
| Decanal | 1199 | 0.0 | 3.3 | 25.5 | 15.7 | 53.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 6.1 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 18.9 | 6.2 | 5.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 5.4 ± 2.3 |
| Benzenoids | 6.7 ± 1.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Phenylacetaldehyde | 1015 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 78.0 | 71.2 | 0.0 | 170.7 | 13.3 | 4.4 | 15.6 | 0.2 | 21.9 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 26.5 | 1.2 | 2.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 32.8 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 17.6 ± 7.5 |
| Phenethyl acetate a | 1145 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 3.4 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.4 | 0.0 | 2.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 ± 0.1 |
| Methyl Salicylate a | 1175 | 5.5 | 3.4 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 94.3 | 8.2 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 11.0 | 0.6 | 5.6 | 0.0 | 8.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 5.9 ± 3.6 |
| Indole a | 1233 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 12.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 19.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 36.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 6.7 | 3.5 | 0.0 | 22.5 | 11.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4.5 ± 1.8 |
| Cinnamyl Alcohol | 1283 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 18.4 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 3.0 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.1 ± 0.7 |
| Benzyl Tiglate a | 1477 | 0.0 | 4.3 | 14.9 | 5.2 | 39.6 | 1.5 | 26.0 | 28.5 | 4.1 | 25.7 | 1.6 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 0.0 | 16.4 | 0.5 | 2.3 | 22.3 | 0.0 | 9.4 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 17.6 | 0.0 | 34.1 | 10.8 ± 2.3 |
| Monoterpenes | 12.3 ± 3.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| β- Pinene a | 975 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 22.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 3.3 | 8.9 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 1.7 ± 0.9 |
| β- Myrcene a | 992 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 2.7 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 4.4 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 5.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 3.3 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.9 ± 0.2 |
| R-Limonene a | 1029 | 0.0 | 8.7 | 2.3 | 8.0 | 2.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 56.1 | 6.1 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 4.3 | 2.4 | 5.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 4.1 ± 2.1 |
| β- Ocimene a | 1044 | 20 | 0 | 182.4 | 9.7 | 8.7 | 0 | 1.1 | 0 | 51.5 | 3.8 | 69.4 | 32.1 | 57.2 | 0.5 | 229 | 58.4 | 114.9 | 236.6 | 59.1 | 27.7 | 0 | 75.7 | 25.9 | 0 | 92 | 52.6 ± 13.7 |
| β- Linalool a | 1096 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 6.4 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 ± 0.2 |
| Sesquiterpenes | 2.1 ± 0.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| α- Copaene a | 1387 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 0.0 | 2.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 1.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 ± 0.1 |
| β- Caryophyllene a | 1426 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 4.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 20.0 | 1.4 | 0.0 | 12.0 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 2.9 | 7.3 | 0.0 | 2.1 | 4.3 | 5.6 | 3.3 | 0.0 | 3.2 | 2.9 ± 0.8 |
| cis-β- Farnesene a | 1461 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 26.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.6 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 0.0 | 2.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.5 ± 1.0 |
| cis-α- Farnesene a | 1515 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 0.0 | 1.8 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 1.4 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 3.2 | 0.6 | 5.8 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 7.6 | 24.9 | 37.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.6 ± 1.7 |
| Allkanes | 3.5 ± 1.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tetradecane a | 1410 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 47.0 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 13.1 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 6.4 | 2.5 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 15.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.5 ± 1.9 |
| Saturation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Apis mellifera | 0.28 | 0.33 | 0.31 | 0.46 | 0.32 | 0.26 | 0.36 | 0.40 | 0.28 | 0.26 | 0.23 | 0.32 | 0.34 | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.27 | 0.38 | 0.33 | 0.39 | 0.47 | ||
| Melipona quadrifasciata | 0.36 | 0.43 | 0.41 | 0.60 | 0.41 | 0.33 | 0.46 | 0.52 | 0.34 | 0.32 | 0.27 | 0.41 | 0.43 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.36 | 0.33 | 0.32 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.34 | 0.47 | 0.43 | 0.54 | 0.63 | ||
a Identification based on synthetic standards.
Notes
Published as part of Aguiar, João Marcelo Robazzi Bignelli Valente, Ferreira, Gabriel de Souza, Sanches, Patricia Alessandra, Simões Bento, Mauricio José & Sazima, Marlies, 2021, What pollinators see does not match what they smell: Absence of color-fragrance association in the deceptive orchid Ionopsis utricularioides, pp. 3 in Phytochemistry (112591) 182 on page 3, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112591, http://zenodo.org/record/8291529
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