Published June 1, 2022
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Table 1 in A revision of the " spiny solanums " of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)
Authors/Creators
- 1. Universite Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systematique et Evolution, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France & The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK
- 2. The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK
Description
Table 1. Distribution and status of the species of spiny solanums in tropical Asia. Single country endemics are in bold-face type. Species inclusion in subclades taken from Stern et al. (2011), Vorontsova et al. (2013), Aubriot et al. (2016a) and Gagnon et al. (2022). Country-level distribution is presented in Table 2.
| Species | Status in tropical Asia | Distribution | Species group in Whalen (1984) | Subclade (see above) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq. | Introduced | Weedy worldwide in tropics and subtropics; native to southern South America | S. mammosum group | Acanthophora |
| Solanum aethiopicum L. | Introduced; cultivated | Only known from cultivation; originally from Africa | S. anguivi group | Anguivi grade |
| Solanum arundo Mattei | Native; possibly introduced? | India; East Africa | S. arundo group | Dennekense clade |
| Solanum barbisetum Nees | Native | China, India and adjacent Myanmar | Not included | Un-named group with S. praetermissum and S. wightii |
| Solanum camranhense Dy Phon & Hul | Native | Vietnam | Not included | S. camranhense and relatives |
| Solanum capsicoides All. | Introduced | Widespread weed in tropics and subtropics; native to southern South America | S. mammosum group | Acanthophora |
| Solanum chrysotrichum Schltdl. | Introduced | Weedy in tropics and subtropics; native to Mexico and Central America | S. torvum group | Torva |
| Solanum comitis Dunal | Native | Indonesia (Java) | Not included | Unknown |
| Solanum cordatum Forssk. | Native | Western India | Not included | sister to Giganteum clade |
| Solanum cyanocarphium Blume | Native | Indochina and Malay Archipelago to Philippines | Unusual species | unplaced |
| Solanum deflexicarpum C.Y.Wu & S.C.Huang | Native | China (Yunnan) | Not included | S. violaceum and relatives |
| Solanum dunalianum Gaudich. | Native | Indonesia (Sulawesi); also on New Guinea and in the Pacific | S. dunalianum group | Sahul-Pacific |
| Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. | Introduced | Weedy and invasive; native to the Americas (amphitropical) | S. ellipticum group | Elaeagnifolium |
| Solanum forskalii Dunal | Native | Western India | Not included | Unknown |
| Solanum giganteum Jacq. | Native | Tropical and subtropical Africa, peninsular India to Sri Lanka | S. giganteum group | Giganteum |
| Solanum graciliflorum Dunal | Native | Indonesia (except Borneo) | Unusual species (related to S. anguivi group) | Sahul-Pacific |
| Solanum harmandii Bonati | Native | Cambodia | Not included | Unknown |
| Solanum hovei Dunal | Native | India | Not included | S. violaceum and relatives |
| Solanum insanum L. | Native | Tropical Africa to Indochina and the Philippines | S. incanum group | Eggplant |
| Solanum involucratum Blume | Native | Indochina and Malay Archipelago (incl. Christmas Island) | Not included | S. expedunculatum and relatives |
| Solanum jamaicense Mill. | Introduced | Weedy, scattered introductions; native to Caribbean and Central America | Unusual species | Micracantha |
| Solanum kachinense X.Aubriot & S.Knapp | Native | Myanmar | Not included | Unknown |
| Solanum lasiocarpum Dunal | Native | Widespread; cultivated | S. quitoense group | Lasiocarpa |
| Solanum macrocarpon L. | Introduced | Cultivated; relatively widespread, but rare outside Africa | S. incanum group | Anguivi Grade |
| Solanum mammosum L. | Introduced | Widespread weed, sometimes cultivated; native to southern South America | S. mammosum group | Acanthophora |
| Solanum melongena L. | Cultivated (native) | Widespread in cultivation | S. incanum group | Eggplant |
| Solanum miyakojimense T.Yamaz. & Takushi | Native | Japan (Ryuku Islands), offshore islands of Taiwan, Philippines | Not included | Unknown |
| Solanum multiflorum Roth | Native | India | Not included | S. violaceum and relatives |
| Solanum nienkui Merr. & Chun | Native | China (Hainan Island), Vietnam | Not included | S. camranhense and relatives |
| Solanum peikuoense S.S.Ying | Native | Taiwan | Not included | Torva |
| Solanum poka Dunal | Native | Indonesia | Not included | Torva |
| Solanum praetermissimum Kerr ex Barnett | Native | Southern China, Indochina to northeastern India | Not included | Un-named group with S. barbisetum and S. wightii |
| Solanum procumbens Lour. | Native | Southern China, Indochina to Indonesia | Miscellaneous species related to the broad S. anguivi group (as synonymof S. trilobatum) | S. expedunculatum and relatives |
| Solaum pseudosaponaceum Blume | Native | Taiwan, Japan (Ryuku Islands), Philippines, southern China, Indochina to Indonesia [Papua New Guinea] | Not included | Torva |
| Solanum pubescens Willd. | Native | India | Uunsual species (related to S. somalense Franch.) | Giganteum |
| Solanum putii Kerr ex Barnett | Native | Thailand | Not included | S. camranhense and relatives |
| Solanum retrorsum Elmer | Native | Indonesia, Philippines | Not included | unplaced |
| Solanum robinsonii Bonati | Native | Vietnam | Not included | S. camranhense and relatives |
| Solanum robustum H.Wendl. | Introduced | Weedy, scattered distribution; native to southern South America | S. erythrotrichum group | Erythrotrichum |
| Solanum schefferi F.Muell. | Native | Indonesia, Philippines [Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands] | Not included | S. athenae and relatives; Sahul-Pacific (but see text) |
| Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. | Introduced | Widespread weed; native to southern South America | Unusual species | Sisymbriifolium |
| Solanum sulawesi X.Aubriot & S.Knapp | Native | Indonesia (Sulawesi) | Not included | Unknown |
| Solanum torvoideum Merr. & L.M.Perry | Native | Indonesia [Papua New Guinea] | Not included | Torva |
| Solanum torvum Sw. | Introduced | Widespread weed; native to Caribbean and Central America | S. torvum group | Torva |
| Solanum trilobatum L. | Native | India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Malaysia and Thailand to Indochina | Miscellaneous species related to the broad S. anguivi group | S. trilobatum + S. usaramense |
| Solanum vagum Nees | Native | India, Sri Lanka | Not included | unplaced |
| Solanum viarum Dunal | Introduced | Widespread weed throughout; native to southern South America | S. mammosum group | Acanthophora |
| Solanum violaceum Ortega | Native | Widespread throughout, but not south of Indonesia | S. anguivi group (as S. violaceum Jacq.) | S. violaceum and relatives |
| Solanum virginianum L. | Native | Widespread from India and Sri Lanka to China; also Arabian Peninsula and (cultivated?) in northern Africa | S. incanum group | unplaced |
| Solanum wightii Nees | Native | India | Unusual species (as synonym of S. pubescens) | Un-named group with S. barbisetum and S. praetermissum |
| Solanum wrightii Benth. | Introduced | Cultivated; native to Bolivia | S. crinitum group | Crinitum |
Notes
Published as part of Aubriot, Xavier & Knapp, Sandra, 2022, A revision of the " spiny solanums " of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae), pp. 1 in PhytoKeys 198 on page 1, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514
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Additional details
Identifiers
References
- Stern, SR, Agra, M de F, Bohs, L, 2011. Molecular delimitation of clades within New World species of the "spiny solanums" (Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum). Taxon 60 (5): 1429 - 1441, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.605018
- Vorontsova, MS, Stern, S, Bohs, L, Knapp, S, 2013. African spiny Solanum (subgenus Leptostemonum, Solanaceae): A thorny phylogenetic tangle. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (2): 176 - 193, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12053
- Aubriot, X, Singh, P, Knapp, S, 2016a. Tropical Asian species show the Old World clade of "spiny solanums" (subgenus Leptostemonum pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181 (2): 199 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412
- Gagnon, E, Hilgenhof, R, Orejuela, A, McDonnell, A, Sablok, G, Aubriot, X, Giacomin, L, Gouvea, Y, Bragonis, T, Stehmann, JR, Bohs, L, Dodsworth, S, Martine, C, Poczai, P, Knapp, S, Saerkinen, T, 2022. Phylogenomic discordance suggests polytomies along the backbone of the large genus Solanum. American Journal of Botany 109 (4): 580 - 601, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1827
- Whalen, MD, 1984. Conspectus of species groups in Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum. Gentes Herbarum 12: 179-282.