TABLE 2 in Phylum Nematoda: feeding habits for all valid genera using a new, universal scheme encompassing the entire phylum, with descriptions of morphological characteristics of the stoma, a key, and discussion of the evidence for trophic relationships
Authors/Creators
- 1. Insect & Nematode Biosecurity, National Research Collections Australia, CSIRO, GPO Box 1700 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia.
Description
TABLE 2. Tabular compilation of morphological characteristics of trophic groups.
| Located on or within vertebrate 1 | Located on or within arthropod | Located on or within non- arthropod invertebrate 1 to 3 large nematodes only in host | Invertebrate host haemolymph cloudy Located on or within plant or plant part | Part of plant 2 | Host modified (other than damage) | Body swollen 3 | Stylet present | Stylet knobs or flanges present | Stylet knobs distance across | Stylet length | Stylet anterior solid | Stylet conus & shaft thickness | Stylet diameter>30 % length | Stylet aperture> 30 % length | Stylet lumen diameter | lips curled forward | cephalic framework present | cephalic framework cuticle thickened | oeophageal bulb posterior to nerve ring | terminal oesophageal swelling, bulb or glands present | terminal oesophageal bulb very long (> 2 x body diameter) | number of oesophageal bulbs or swellings | head length | tail filiform | tail with terminal hyaline portion | mouth absent & oesophagus disconnected from intestine & no anus | mouth cavity blocked or filled | mouth narrow (<20% head diameter) | mouth with cheilorhabdion ridges | mouth with teeth | tooth near entrance to mouth | mouth cuticle thickened | mouth with> 2 thickened plates in wall | mouth with denticles | located on vertebrate | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| microbial feeder | sucker | suspension | 0 | 0 (1) | 0 (1) | * | * | 0 | * (8) | 0 | 0 | 0 | * | * * | * * | * * | * * | * * | * * | * * | 0 0 | 0 0 | * * | 0/1 0/1 | 0/1 0/1 | 0 0 | 0–1 0–1 | 0/1 0/1 | 0/1 0/1 | 0 0 | 0 0 | * * | 1 0 | 0 0 | 0 0 | * * | 0 0 | 0 0 | 0 0 | 0 0 | |
| particulate | 0 (1) | 0 (1) | 0 (1) | * | * | 0 | * (8) | 0 | 0 | 0 | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | 0 | 0 | * | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0–1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0 | * | 1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| processor | suspension | 0 | 0 (1) | 0 (1) | * | * | 0 | * (8) | 0 | 0 | 0 | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | 0 | 0 | * | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0–1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0 | 0/1 | 0 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0/1 | 0 | ||
| particulate | 0 | 0 (1) | 0 (1) | * | * | 0 (1) | * (8) | 0 | 0 | 0 | * | <4 | 5– 80 | 0 (1) | 1/2 | 0 | 0 | 1/2 | 0 | 0/1 | 0 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 1–2 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| piercer | 0 | 0 (1) | 0 (1) | * | * | 0 | * (8) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0/1 | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | 0 | 0 | * | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 1–2 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||
| crusher | 0 | 0 (1) | 0 (1) | * | * | 0 (1) | * (8) | 0 | 0 | 0 | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | 0 | 0 | * | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0–1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0/1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| scraper | 0 | 0 | 0 | * | * | 0 | * | 0 | 0 | 0 | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | 0 | 0 | * | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0–2 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 1 | 0 | 0/1 | 0 | |||
| predator | chewer | 0 | 0 | 0 | * | * | 0 (1) | * (8) | 0 | 0 | 0 | * | <5 | 20–50 | 0 | 2 | (0) 1 | (0)1 | 2 | 0 (1) | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | (0) 1 | 1 | 0/1/ 2 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0 | 0/1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| piercer | 0 | 0 | 0 | * | * | 0 (1) | * (8) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 (1) | <2 | <10 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 1 | 1–2 | 0/1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | * | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| parasite | plant | internal modifier | aerial | 0 | 0 | 0 | * | * | 1 | 1/2/3 | 1 | (0) 1 | 1 | 1 | 3–5 | 10–20 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0/1 | 0 | 0/1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | * | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| below- ground | 0 | 0 | 0 | * | * | 1 | 9 (10) (11) | 1 | (0) 2 | (0)1 | 1 | <3 | 5–15 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 1–2 | 0/1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | * | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| internal migrator | aerial below- ground | 0 0 | 0 (1) 0 | 0 (1) 0 | * * | * * | 1 1 | 3/5/7 9 (10) (11) | 0 0 | 0 0 | 1 (0)1 | 1 1 | (2–5) 5–6 | 10–25 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1/2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | * | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| external root feeder | subsurface | 0 | 0 | 0 | * | * | 1 | (9) 10/11 | 0 | 0/1 (2) | (0)1 | 1 | 5–8 | 20–200 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0/1/ 2 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | * | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| surface | 0 | 0 | 0 | * | * | 1 | 9 | 0 | 0 | (0)1 | 1 | 3–5 | 10–20 (40–200) | 0 | 1/2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 1 | (0) 1 | 0–2 | 0/1/ 2 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | * | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| external browser | 0 | 0 (1) | 0 (1) | * | * | 1 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 | (0) 1 | <4 | <15 | 0 (1) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | (0) 1 | 0–2 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | * | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| wood & bark associate | 0 | 0 (1) | 0 (1) | * | * | 1 | 6/8 | 0 | 0 | 0/1 | 0/1 | * (<4) | <15 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0–2 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| invertebrate | arthropod | 0 | 1 | 0 (1) | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 (1) | 4 | 0/1 | 0/1/2 | 0/1 | (0)1 | <4 | *(15–25) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0/1 | 0 | 0 | 0/1 | 0 | 1 | 0/1/ 2 | 0 | 0 | 0/ 1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||
| other | 0 | 0 (1) | 1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 4 | 0/1 | 0/1/2 | 0/1 | (0)1 | <4 | *(15–25) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0/1 | 0 | 0 | 0/1 | 0 | 1 | 0/1/ 2 | 0 | 0 | 0/ 1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||||
| vertebrate | fish | 1 | 0 (1) | 0 (1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | * | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | * | * | * | * | * | 0 | 0 | * | 0 | 0 | * | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0–1 | 0/1/ 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 (1) | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||
| amphibian | 1 | 0 (1) | 0 (1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | * | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | * | * | * | * | * | 0 | 0 | * | 0 | 0 | * | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0–1 | 0/1/ 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 (1) | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |||
| reptile | 1 | 0 (1) | 0 (1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | * | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | * | * | * | * | * | 0 | 0 | * | 0 | 0 | * | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0–1 | 0/1/ 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 (1) | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |||
| bird | 1 | 0 (1) | 0 (1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | * | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | * | * | * | * | * | 0 | 0 | * | 0 | 0 | * | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0–1 | 0/1/ 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 (1) | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |||
| mammal | 1 | 0 (1) | 0 (1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | * | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 (1) | 0 | * | * | 0 | 0 | * | 0 | 0 | * | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0–1 | 0/1/ 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 (1) | 0/1 | 0 (1) | 0 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |||||
| host unknown | 0 (1) | 0 (1) | 0 (1) | 0/1 | 0 | 0 | * | * | 0/1 | 0 | * | * | * | * | * | 0 | 0 | * | 0 | 0 | * | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0–1 | 0/1/ 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 (1) | 0/1 | 0 | 0 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
1 throughout table 0 means feature is negative or absent, 1 means feature is positive or present. Bold values indicate distinctive features. Values in brackets indicate values that are not common or occur in only a few members of the trophic group. “/” indicates alternative values.
2 1=seed, 2=flower or fruit bud, 3=inside leaf, 4=leaf surface, 5=inside non-woody stem, 6=inside woody stem, 7=outside smooth stem, 8=in fibrous bark, 9=inside roots, 10=around root surface, 11=in soil or substrate
3 0=not swollen, 1=swollen, 2=globose
4 0=not offset, 1=low (head length <0.4 times length), 2=high (length>0.4 times length)
1 throughout table 0 means feature is negative or absent, 1 means feature is positive or present. Bold values indicate distinctive features. Values in brackets indicate values that are not common or occur in only a few members of the trophic group. “/” indicates alternative values.
2 1=seed, 2=flower or fruit bud, 3=inside leaf, 4=leaf surface, 5=inside non-woody stem, 6=inside woody stem, 7=outside smooth stem, 8=in fibrous bark, 9=inside roots, 10=around root surface, 11=in soil or substrate
3 0=not swollen, 1=swollen, 2=globose
4 0=not offset, 1=low (head length <0.4 times length), 2=high (length>0.4 times length)
1 throughout table 0 means feature is negative or absent, 1 means feature is positive or present. Bold values indicate distinctive features. Values in brackets indicate values that are not common or occur in only a few members of the trophic group. “/” indicates alternative values.
2 1=seed, 2=flower or fruit bud, 3=inside leaf, 4=leaf surface, 5=inside non-woody stem, 6=inside woody stem, 7=outside smooth stem, 8=in fibrous bark, 9=inside roots, 10=around root surface, 11=in soil or substrate
3 0=not swollen, 1=swollen, 2=globose
4 0=not offset, 1=low (head length <0.4 times length), 2=high (length>0.4 times length)
Notes
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- Journal article: 10.11646/zootaxa.5114.1.3 (DOI)
- Journal article: urn:lsid:plazi.org:pub:0A22486DDC7A1328FFCBFFBFA65FFFFE (LSID)
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- Journal article: http://zenodo.org/record/6391138 (URL)
- Journal article: http://zoobank.org/C4397F4E-63DF-48EF-ADFD-76EE08A8C84A (URL)