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APPENDIX 1 in Fossil wood from the lower Miocene of Myanmar (Natma Formation): palaeoenvironmental and biogeographic implications
Description
APPENDIX 1. — Synthetic summary of main characters of the Dipterocarp fossil woods mentioned in the article, as described by the original authors (first name), the authors who redescribed a specimen of the same species or emmended the original diagnosis (second name), or as extracted from another publication (in parenthesis). Features in parenthesis are less commun.
| Vessels | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| t.diam. (µm); | Multiseriate | Canals | Geologic | |||||||
| Growth | frequency | Axial | ray height | t.diam. | age/ | |||||
| Species | rings | (/mm 2) | Fibres | parenchyma | Rays | (µm; cells) | Canals | (µm) | country | Authors |
| Anisopteroxylon | Ind. | 120-230 | Nonseptate, | Vasicentric, diffuse, diffuse- | (1-11)7-9 seriate, | 150-1080 | Long tangential | 120-150 | Miocene/ | Yadav 1989 |
| oblongoides | 4-5 | thick-walled, | in-aggregate in irregular | 4-8/mm, heterocellular | 5-56 | lines, (diffuse) | India | |||
| solitary, | vasicentric | lines, around canals | 1-2+ marginal cells, | |||||||
| tylose | tracheids | continuous sheath cells | ||||||||
| Anisopteroxylon | Ind. | 110-255 | Nonseptate, | Scanty to vasicentric,diffuse, | (1-8)5-6 seriate, | 180-1350 | Diffuse, (short | 40-55 | Miocene/ | Prakash & |
| garoensis | 8-12 | thick-walled, | in short lines, | 5-12/mm, heterocellular | 6-30 | tangential | India | Tripathi 1970 | ||
| solitary, | vasicentric | around canals | 1-8 marginal cells, sheath | lines | ||||||
| (tylose) | tracheids | cells | of 2-3) | |||||||
| Anisopteroxylon | Ind. | 130-230 | Nonseptate, thin- | Diffuse, diffuse-in-aggregate | (1-6)4-5 seriate, | 212-1190 | Diffuse | 102-130 | Miocene/ | Prasad, |
| surmaensis | 6-10 | to-thick walled, | in thin lines, scanty to | 5-6/mm, heterocellular | 5-55 | India | Agarwal & | |||
| solitary, | vasicentric | vasicentric, around canals | 1-3 marginal cells, | Mandaokar | ||||||
| tylose | tracheids | continuous | 2009 | |||||||
| sheath cells | ||||||||||
| Anisopteroxylon | Ind. | 154-300 | Nonseptate, | Vasicentric, diffuse, | 1-7 seriate, heterocellular, | 458-1946 | Diffuse, (short | 98-168 | Mio-Plio/ | Ghosh & |
| jawalamukhi | - | vasicentric | diffuse-in-aggregate, | sheath cells | 15-67 | tangential | India | Ghosh 1958 | ||
| solitary, | tracheids | around canals | lines | (Prakash & | ||||||
| tylose | of 2-3) | Tripathi 1970) | ||||||||
| Dipterocarpoxylon | Ind. | 160-240 | Nonseptate, | Diffuse, diffuse-in-aggregate, | 1-5(6) seriate, often uniseriate, 250-1125 | Short tangential | 40-68 | Miocene/ | Prakash 1975 | |
| sivalicus | 5-7, | thick-walled, | (scanty paratracheal), | 7-14/mm, heterocellular, | – | lines of 2-6, | India | |||
| solitary, | vasicentric | around canals | sheath cells | diffuse | ||||||
| tylose | tracheids | |||||||||
| Dipterocarpoxylon | Ind. | 80-240, | Nonseptate, | Diffuse, diffuse-in-aggregate, | (1-7)3-5 seriate, 6-8/mm, | 120-1600, | Diffuse/ | 40-120 | Pliocene/ | Ghosh & Ghosh |
| malavii | mean 190, | thick-walled, | scanty to vasicentric, | heterocellular 1-n marginal mean <1000 paired, short | India | 1959, | ||||
| 5-7, solitary, vasicentric | (aliform), around canals | cells, (sheath cells) | 10-60 | tangential | Guleria 1983 | |||||
| tylose | tracheids | lines of 4-5 | ||||||||
| Dipterocarpoxylon | Ind. | – | Thin-to thick | Vasicentric, (marginal, | (1-5)1-3 seriate, heterocellular | – | Diffuse, short | - | Tertiary/ | Bancroft 1933 |
| africanum | (solitary), | walled?, | diffuse?) around canals | 1-6 marginal cells, | 8-30 | tangential | same | Uganda | ||
| tylose? | vasicentric | (end-to-end fusion) | lines of 2-6 | size as | ||||||
| tracheids? | vessels | |||||||||
| Dipterocarpoxylon | – | 160-322 | Nonseptate, thin | Vasicentric, diffuse to | 1-5(4-5) seriate, 6-8/mm, | <2400 | Short tangential | 80-120 | Plio-Pleisto/ Vozenin-Serra & | |
| sarapeense | 4-7, | to thick walled, | diffuse-in-aggregate, | heterocellular 2-7(23) | up to 80 | lines of 2-7 | Thailand | Privé-Gill | ||
| solitary, | vasicentric | around canals | marginal cells, sheath cells, | 2001 | ||||||
| (tylose) | tracheids | (end-to-end fusion) | ||||||||
| Dipterocarpoxylon | Ind. | 100-175 | Nonseptate, (very) | Around canals, scanty | (1-5)1 seriate, | - | Diffuse, short | 60-75 | Pliocene/ | Schweitzer |
| gracile | 5-14, | thick-walled, | paratracheal, (diffuse) | “homogeneous”, | up to 40 | tangential | Java | 1958 | ||
| solitary | vasicentric | (crystalliferous) | lines of 2 | |||||||
| tracheids | ||||||||||
| Dipterocarpoxylon | Ind. | 80-260 | Nonseptate, | Vasicentric, (diffuse), | (1-6)3-5 seriate, | 200-1260 | Diffuse, short | 65-80 | Miocene/ | Guleria et al. |
| jammuense | 3-9, | vasicentric | around canals | 5-9/mm, heterocellular | 5-45 | tangential | India | 2002 | ||
| solitary, | tracheids | 2-12 marginal cells, sheath | lines of 2-5 | |||||||
| tylose | cells | |||||||||
| Dryobalanoxylon | Ind. | 60-280 | Fibre/vasicentric | Vasicentric to aliform | 1-4 seriate, heterocellular | <900 | Long tangential | 40-60 | Tertiary/ | Awasthi 1971 |
| holdeniae | 9-15, | tracheids, | (aliform-confluent), | 1-5 marginal cells, (sheath | up to 30 | lines | India | |||
| solitary, | nonseptate, | banded around canals | cells) | |||||||
| tyloses | thick-walled | |||||||||
| t.diam. (µm); | Multiseriate | Canals | Geologic | |||||||
| Growth | frequency | Axial | ray height | t.diam. | age/ | |||||
| Species | rings | (/mm 2) | Fibres | parenchyma | Rays | (µm; cells) | Canals | (µm) | country | Authors |
| Shoreoxylon | Distinct | 112-332 | Vasicentric | Vasicentric to aliform, | 1-5 seriate, 5-8/mm, | - | Long tangential | 80-160 | Tertiary / | Prakash & |
| tipamense | (vessels) | 3-9, tyloses | tracheids, | (aliform-confluent, diffuse, | heterocellular | 3-66 | lines | India | Awasthi 1970 | |
| nonseptate, | diffuse-in-aggregate), | 1-12 marginal cells, (sheath | ||||||||
| thin-walled | banded around canals, | cells) | ||||||||
| crystalliferous | ||||||||||
| Shoreoxylon | Ind. | 45-240 | Vasicentric | Vasicentric, aliform aliform- | 1-6 seriate, 5-9/mm, | - | Long tangential | 40-120 | Tertiary / | Awasthi 1974 |
| indicum | 5-10, | tracheids, | confluent in thin bands, | heterocellular 1-2 marginal | up to 60 | lines | India | |||
| tyloses | nonseptate, | diffuse, in thin bands, | cells | |||||||
| thick-walled | banded around canals, | |||||||||
| crystalliferous | ||||||||||
| Shoreoxylon | Ind. | 45-165 | Vasicentric | Scanty paratracheal or | (1-4)2-3 seriate, heterocellular | - | Long tangential | 40-60 | Tertiary | Awasthi 1974 |
| arcotense | 15-20, | tracheids, | vasicentric, banded around 1-6 marginal cells | 12-40 | lines | /India | ||||
| solitary, | nonseptate, | canals | ||||||||
| tyloses | thin-walled | |||||||||
| Shoreoxylon | Ind. | 200-360 | Thin-walled | Vasicentric, aliform, | (1-4)1-3 seriate, 4-5/mm, | 80-1400 | Long tangential | 40-90 | Quaternary/ Du 1988b | |
| sumatraense | 9-14, | (confluent in tangential | heterocellular 1-n marginal | 4-50 | lines | Sumatra | ||||
| (clusters), | bands), diffuse, diffuse- | cells, (crystalliferous) | ||||||||
| tyloses | in-aggregate in short | |||||||||
| tangential lines, irregularly | ||||||||||
| storied | ||||||||||
| Shoreoxylon | Ind. | 200-300 | Vasicentric | Vasicentric, diffuse-in- | (1-5)5 seriate, | - | Long/short | 60-150 | Quaternary/ Schweitzer | |
| posthumi | mean 250 | tracheids, | aggregate in tangential | “homogeneous”, end-to- | 3-45 | tangential | Sumatra | 1958 | ||
| 5-10, | nonseptate, | bands, diffuse, around | end fusion | lines, diffuse, | ||||||
| tyloses | thin-to-thick | canals, | (double lines) | |||||||
| walled? | crystals in enlarged cells | |||||||||
| Shoreoxylon | Ind. | 200-240 | Nonseptate, thin | Vasicentric, irregularly | 1-4 seriate, 6-10/mm, | 750-1450 | Short/long? | 70-190 | Miocene / | Sukiman 1977 |
| pachitanensis | 6-10, | to thick-walled | banded, around canals | heterocellular 1-n marginal | - | tangential | Java | |||
| tyloses | cells | lines | ||||||||
| Shoreoxylon | Ind. | 155-230 | Nonseptate, | Diffuse, diffuse-in- | (1-5)3-4 seriate, 5-8/mm, | 484-1870 | Diffuse, long/ | - | Tertiary / | Bande & |
| ornatum | 5-9, | vasicentric | aggregate, vasicentric, | heterocellular 2-12 marginal - | short | India | Prakash | |||
| solitary, | tracheids | banded around canals | cells, sheath cells | tangential | 1980, | |||||
| tyloses | lines of 2-3, | Trivedi & | ||||||||
| (double or | Ahuja 1979 | |||||||||
| triple rows) | ||||||||||
| Shoreoxylon | Ind. | 90-300 | Vasicentric | Banded in thin lines, | (1-7)3-5 seriate, few | <1200 | Long tangential | <140 | Mio-Plio/ | Prakash & |
| irrawaddiensis | 6-8, tyloses tracheids, | vasicentric, | uniseriate, 5-8/mm, | up to 50 | lines | Myanmar Bande 1980 | ||||
| nonseptate | banded around canals | homocellular to weakly | ||||||||
| heterocellular 1 marginal | ||||||||||
| cell |
Notes
Published as part of Gentis, Nicolas, Licht, Alexis, Boura, Anaïs, Aung, Dario De Franceschi Zaw Win Day Wa & Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume, 2022, Fossil wood from the lower Miocene of Myanmar (Natma Formation): palaeoenvironmental and biogeographic implications, pp. 906-908 in Geodiversitas 44 (28) on page 906, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a28, http://zenodo.org/record/7145305
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- Journal article: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a28 (DOI)
- Journal article: urn:lsid:plazi.org:pub:FF8EFF8EA200FFB08864FFDDE74BEA43 (LSID)
- Journal article: http://publication.plazi.org/id/FF8EFF8EA200FFB08864FFDDE74BEA43 (URL)
- Journal article: http://zenodo.org/record/7145305 (URL)
- Journal article: http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2611B0BC-F569-4135-A09C-6E527C2565A4 (URL)