Flume data on flow resistance of flexible foliated woody vegetation

This dataset contains flume data on flow resistance of flexible foliated woody vegetation. The data have been previously reported and analyzed by Västilä et al. (2013), Västilä & Järvelä (2014), and Box et al. (2021), respectively.

The data were used in developing and validating the modeling of flexible woody vegetation in D-FLOW FM module of the Delft3D Flexible Mesh (Delft3D FM) Suite, as reported in Västilä et al. (2026). Two leaf-aread-index based flow resistance formulas (Järvelä 2004, Eq. 16, JAR; and Västilä & Järvelä 2014, Eq. 17, VAS) were implemented into D-FLOW FM by Västilä et al. (2026). 

This contribution consists of three datasets, in all of which the plants were approximately homogeneously distributed across the entire flume bed: 1) artificial nature-like shrubs with 2 cm tall understory grasses under low relative submergence (h/hd=0.9-3.1) conditions (Box et al., 2021), 2) Black Poplars at three plant densities under just submerged conditions (Västilä et al., 2013), and 3) four natural deciduous riparian species at different leaf-area-to-stem-area ratios (AL/AS) under just submerged conditions (Västilä & Järvelä, 2014). 

The measured data are compiled in the file "Vastila_etal_2024_Flume data on flow resistance of flexible foliated woody vegetation.xlsx". Dataset 1 is located in sheet "Box_etal_2021_data.xlsx", while Datasets 2 and 3 are combined in sheet "Västilä&Järvelä_2013+2014_data". The corresponding metadata descriptions are included in separate sheets. The sheet "VAS+JAR_parameters" includes tables reporting the recommended parameter values of the JAR (Table 1) and VAS (Table 2) formulas as well as the parameter values of both formulas as derived at low and high levels of AL/AS (Table 3) to analyze the uncertainty of the formulas related to the parameter dependency on AL/AS (see Västilä et al. 2026). The datasets include a specific model ID code for each case in column entitled "Model ID".

References
- Box, W., Järvelä, J. & Västilä, K. 2021. Flow resistance of floodplain vegetation mixtures for modelling river flows. Journal of Hydrology 601: 126593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126593

- Järvelä, J. 2004. Determination of flow resistance caused by non-submerged woody vegetation. International Journal of River Basin Management 2(1): 61–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/15715124.2004.9635222

- Västilä, K., Järvelä, J., & Aberle, J. 2013. Characteristic reference areas for estimating flow resistance of natural foliated vegetation. Journal of Hydrology 492: 49-60. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.015

- Västilä, K. & Järvelä, J. 2014. Modeling flow resistance of woody vegetation using physically-based parameters for foliage and stem. Water Resources Research 50(1): 229-245. DOI: 10.1002/2013WR013819

- Västilä, K., Berends, K.D., Järvelä, J., Penning, E.W.E. 2026. Hydrodynamic modelling of flexible woody vegetation with Delft3D FM: implementing physically-based 2D flow-vegetation interaction processes. Hydrological Processes, doi: 10.1002/hyp.70498