Adverse effects of anticancer agents that target the VEGF pathway

Antiangiogenic agents that target the VEGF pathway have become an important part of standard therapy in multiple cancer indications. Although most adverse effects of VEGF inhibitors are modest and manageable, some are associated with serious and life-threatening consequences. This Review examines the toxicity profiles of anti-VEGF monoclonal antibodies and small-molecule inhibitors and considers the potential mechanisms of the adverse effects, risk factors, and the implications for patient management.