Scientific uses of the MANIAC

This is the story of how Nick Metropolis came to build the MANIAC and about the scientific uses to which it was put in the early days of electronic computing. Among the illustrious scientists attracted to the MANIAC were Fermi, Teller, von Neumann, Bethe, Gamow, and Ulam. Many of the scientific contributions were "firsts" that had a profound influence on subsequent developments over a wide spectrum of scientific activities. These included the pion-proton phase shift analysis, the nonlinear coupled oscillators, the study of the genetic code, importance sampling, two-dimensional hydrodynamics, Monte Carlo calculation of nuclear cascades, universalities of iterative functions and "anticlerical" chess.