Multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization to Solve Energy Scheduling with Vehicle-to-Grid in Office Buildings Considering Uncertainties

This paper presents a Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) methodology to solve the problem of energy resource management in buildings with a penetration of Distributed Generation (DG) and Electric Vehicles (EVs). The proposed methodology consists in a multi-objective function, in which it is intended to maximize the profit and minimize CO₂ emissions. This methodology considers the uncertainties associated with the production of electricity by the photovoltaic and wind energy sources. This uncertainty is modeled with the use of a robust optimization approach in the metaheuristic. A case study is presented using a real building facility from Portugal, in order to verify the feasibility of the implemented robust MOPSO.