World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
Published July 24, 2013 | Version 16307
Journal article Open

Physiological and Performance Effects of Glycerol Hyperhydration for World Championship Distance Duathlons in Hot Conditions

Description

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of preexercise glycerol hyperhydration on endurance performance in a heat chamber designed to simulate the World Championship Distance (WCD) duathlon (10km run, 40km ride, 5 km run). Duathlons are often performed in hot and humid conditions and as a result hydration is a major issue. Glycerol enhances the body’s capacity for fluid retention by inducing hyperhydration, which is theorized to improve thermoregulatory and cardiovascular responses, and thereby improve performance. Six well-trained athletes completed the testing protocol in a heat chamber at the La Trobe University Exercise Physiology Laboratory. Each testing session was approximately 4.5 hours in duration (2 hours of pre-exercise glycerol hyper-hydration followed by approximately 2.5 hours of exercise). The results showed an increased water retention pre-exercise and an improved overall performance of 2.04% was achieved by subjects ingesting the glycerol solution.

Files

16307.pdf

Files (241.0 kB)

Name Size
md5:6d983d256705d757e99e86676329201e
241.0 kB Preview Download

Additional details

References

  • <p>
  • Cheuvront, S.N., R. Carter 3rd, and M.N. Sawka, Fluid balance and endurance exercise performance. Current sports medicine reports, 2003. 2(4): p. 202-208.
  • Coutts, A., P. Reaburn, K. Mummery, and M. Holmes, The Effect of Glycerol Hyperhydration on Olympic Distance Triathlon Performance in High Ambient Temperatures. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 2002. 12(1): p. 105-119.
  • Walsh, R., T. Noakes, J. Hawley, and S. Dennis, Impaired highintensity cycling performance time at low levels of dehydration. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 1994. 15(7): p. 392-398.
  • González‐Alonso, J., J.A.L. Calbet, and B. Nielsen, Muscle blood flow is reduced with dehydration during prolonged exercise in humans. The Journal of Physiology, 1998. 513(3): p. 895-905.
  • Sawka, M.N., S.J. Montain, and W.A. Latzka, Hydration effects on thermoregulation and performance in the heat. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology-Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2001. 128(4): p. 679-690.
  • Sawna, M.N. and E.F. Coyle, Influence of Body Water and Blood Volume on Thermoregulation and Exercise Performance in the Heat. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 1999. 27(1): p. 167-218.
  • Robergs, R., Glycerol hyperhydration to beat the heat. Sportscience Training Techniques, 1998.
  • Gonzalez-Alonso, J., R. Mora-Rodriguez, P. Below, and E. Coyle, Dehydration reduces cardiac output and increases systemic and cutaneous vascular resistance during exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, 1995. 79(5): p. 1487-1496.
  • Nadel, E.R., S.M. Fortney, and C.B. Wenger, Effect of hydration state of circulatory and thermal regulations. Journal of Applied Physiology, 1980. 49(4): p. 715-721. [10] Sawka, M.N., L.M. Burke, E.R. Eichner, R.J. Maughan, S.J. Montain, and N.S. Stachenfeld, Exercise and fluid replacement. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2007. 39(2): p. 377-390. [11] Hitchins, S., D.T. Martin, L. Burke, K. Yates, K. Fallon, A. Hahn, and G.P. Dobson, Glycerol hyperhydration improves cycle time trial performance in hot humid conditions. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 1999. 80(5): p. 494-501. [12] Lyons, T. and M. Riedesel, Glycerol-induced hyperhydration: its effects on fluid compartments in the rat. Life Sciences, 1993. 53(23): p. 1779- 1787. [13] Robergs, R.A. and S.E. Griffin, Glycerol - Biochemistry, pharmacokinetics and clinical and practical applications. Sports Medicine, 1998. 26(3): p. 145-167. [14] van Rosendal, S.P., M.A. Osborne, R.G. Fassett, and J.S. Coombes, Physiological and performance effects of glycerol hyperhydration and rehydration. Nutrition Reviews, 2009. 67(12): p. 690-705. [15] Goulet, E.D.B., R.A. Robergs, S. Labrecque, D. Royer, and I.J. Dionne, Effect of glycerol-induced hyperhydration on thermoregulatory and cardiovascular functions and endurance performance during prolonged cycling in a 25 degrees C environment. Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism-Physiologie Appliquee Nutrition Et Metabolisme, 2006. 31(2): p. 101-109. [16] Lyons, T., M. Riedesel, L. Meuli, and T. Chick, Effects of glycerolinduced hyperhydration prior to exercise in the heat on sweating and core temperature. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 1990. 22(4): p. 477-483. [17] Riedesel, M., D. Allen, G. Peake, and K. Al-Qattan, Hyperhydration with glycerol solutions. Journal of Applied Physiology, 1987. 63(6): p. 2262-2268. [18] Freund, B., S. Montain, A. Young, M. Sawka, J. DeLuca, K. Pandolf, and C. Valeri, Glycerol hyperhydration: hormonal, renal, and vascular fluid responses. Journal of Applied Physiology, 1995. 79(6): p. 2069- 2077. [19] Anderson, M.J., J.D. Cotter, A.P. Garnham, D.J. Casley, and M.A. Febbraio, Effect of glycerol-induced hyperhydration on thermoregulation and metabolism during exercise in the heat. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 2001. 11(3): p. 315-333. [20] Easton, C., S. Turner, and Y.P. Pitsiladis, Creatine and glycerol hyperhydration in trained subjects before exercise in the heat. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 2007. 17(1): p. 70-91. [21] Goulet, E.D.B., S.F. Rousseau, C.R.H. Lamboley, G.E. Plante, and I.J. Dionne, Pre-exercise hyperhydration delays dehydration and improves endurance capacity during 2 h of cycling in a temperate climate. Journal of Physiological Anthropology, 2008. 27(5): p. 263-271. [22] Marino, F.E., D. Kay, and J. Cannon, Glycerol hyperhydration fails to improve endurance performance and thermoregulation in humans in a warm humid environment. Pflugers Archiv-European Journal of Physiology, 2003. 446(4): p. 455-462. [23] Monter, P., Y. Zou, R.A. Robergs, G. Murata, D. Stark, W.S. Quirm , D. Lium, and E. Greene, Glycerol hyperhydration alters cardiovascular and renal function. Journal of Exercise Physiology, 1999. [24] Magal, M., M.J. Webster, L.E. Sistrunk, M.T. Whitehead, R.K. Evans, and J.C. Boyd, Comparison of glycerol and water hydration regimens on tennis-related performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2003. 35(1): p. 150-156. [25] Green, H.J., L.L. Jones, and D.C. Painter, Effects of short-term training on cardiac function during prolonged exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 1990. 22(4): p. 488-493. [26] Watt, M.J., A.P. Garnham, M.A. Febbraio, and M. Hargreaves, Effect of acute plasma volume expansion on thermoregulation and exercise performance in the heat. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2000. 32(5): p. 958-962. [27] Nelson, J.L. and R.A. Robergs, Exploring the potential ergogenic effects of glycerol hyperhydration. Sports Medicine, 2007. 37(11): p. 981-1000. [28] Burke, L., M. Cort, G. Cox, R. Crawford, B. Desbrow, L. Farthing, M. Minehan, N. Shaw, and O. Warnes, Supplements and sports foods. Clinical Sports Nutrition. Sydney, Australia: McGraw-Hill, 2006: p. 485-579. [29] Medicine, A.C.o.S., Guidelines for graded exercise testing and exercise prescription. 1980: Lea & Febiger. [30] Wingo, J.E., D.J. Casa, E.M. Berger, W.O. Dellis, J.C. Knight, and J.M. McClung, Influence of a pre-exercise glycerol hydration beverage on performance and physiologic function during mountain-bike races in the heat. Journal of Athletic Training, 2004. 39(2): p. 169-175. [31] Latzka, W.A., M.N. Sawka, S.J. Montain, G.S. Skrinar, R.A. Fielding, R.P. Matott, and K.B. Pandolf, Hyperhydration: tolerance and cardiovascular effects during uncompensable exercise-heat stress. Journal of Applied Physiology, 1998. 84(6): p. 1858-1864. [32] Knight, C., A. Braakhuis, and C. Paton, The Effect of Glycerol Ingestion on Performance During Simulated Multisport Activity. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 2010. 81(2): p. 233-238</p>