World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
Published August 29, 2011 | Version 11057
Journal article Open

Influence of Supplemental Glutamine on Nutrient Digestibility and Utilization, Small Intestinal Morphology and Gastrointestinal Tract and Immune Organ Developments of Broiler Chickens

Description

This study was conducted to investigate the optimum levels of glutamine (Gln) supplementation in broiler diets. A total of 32 one-day-old male chicks with initial body weight 41.5 g were segregated into 4 groups (8 chicks per group) and subsequently distributed to individual cages. Feed and water were provided ad libitum for 21 days. Four dietary treatments were as follows: control and supplemented Gln at 1, 2 and 3%, respectively. The results found that the addition Gln had no negative effects on dry matter, organic matter, ash digestibility or nitrogen retention. Birds fed with 1% Gln had significantly higher villi wide and villi height : crypt depth ratio in duodenum than the control chicks and 2 and 3% Gln chicks. It is suggested that the addition of Gln at 1% indicated a beneficial effect on improving small intestinal morphology, in addition Gln may stimulate immune organ development of broiler chickens.

Files

11057.pdf

Files (76.7 kB)

Name Size
md5:0a267fb504f5aa4d0a58f25da1ba23a5
76.7 kB Preview Download

Additional details

References

  • E. A. Newsholme, B. Crabtree, and M. S. Ardawi, "Glutamine metabolism in lymphocytes: its biochemical, physiological and clinical important", Q. J. Exp. Physiol., vol. 70, pp. 473-489, 1985.
  • F. J. Andrews, and R. D. Griffiths, "Glutamine: essential for immune nutrition in the critically ill", Br. J. Nutr., vol. S1, pp. 3-8, 2002.
  • P. Newsholme, "Why is L-glutamine metabolism important to cells of the immune system in health post-immune, surgery, or infection?", J. Nutr. vol. 131, pp. 2515-2522.
  • NRC, "Nutrient Requirements of Poultry", 9th rev. ed. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC., 1994.
  • AOAC, "Association of Official Analytical Chemists", 14th ed. Washington, D.C., 1990.
  • Z., Uni, Y. Noy, and D. Sklan, "Posthatch changes in morphology and function of the small intestines in heavy- and light-strain chicks", Poult. Sci., vol. 74, pp. 1622-1629, 1995.
  • SPSS, "User-s Guide", Version 13.0 SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL., 2004.
  • A. E. Murakami, M. I. Sakamoto, M. R. M. Natali, L. M. G. Souza, and J. R. G. Farnco, "Supplementation of glutamine and vitamin E on the morphology of the intestinal mucosa in broiler chickens", Poult. Sci., vol. 86, pp. 488-495, 2007.
  • G. F. Yi, G. L. Allee, J. W. Frank, J. D. Spencer, and K. J. Touchette, "Impact of glutamine, menhaden fish meal, and spray-dried plasma on the growth and intestinal morphology of broilers", Poult. Sci., vol. 80 (supple. 1), pp. 201 (Abstr.), 2001. [10] M. A. Soltan, "Influence of dietary glutamine supplementation on growth performance, small intestinal morphology, immune response and some blood parameters of broiler chickens", Inter. J. Poult. Sci., vol. 8(1), pp. 60-86, 2009. [11] S. M. Bartell, and A. B. Batal, "The effect of supplemental glutamine on growth performance, development of the gastrointestinal tract and immune response of broilers", Poult. Sci., vol. 86, pp. 1940-1947, 2007. [12] Z. G. Nitsan, B. Avraham, Z. Zoref, and I. Nir, "Organ growth and digestive enzymes levels to fifteen days of age in lines of chickens differing in body weight", Poult. Sci., vol. 70, pp. 2040-2048, 1991. [13] M. I. Sakamoto, A. E. Murakami, T. G. V. Silveira, J. I. M. Fernandes and C. A. L. Oliveira, "Influence of glutamine and vitamin E on the performance and the immune response of broiler chickens", Brazilian J. Poult. Sci., vol. 8, pp. 243-249, 2006. [14] A. A. Adjei, Y. Matsumoto, T. Oku, Y. Hiroi and Y. Yamamoto, "Dietary agrinine and glutamine combination improves survival in septic mice", Nutr. Res., vol. 14, pp. 1591-1599, 1994. [15] J. V. Reynolds, J. M. Daly, and S. Zhang, "Immunomodulatory mechanism of arginine", Surg., vol. 104, pp. 141-151, 1988.