Dataset of the research: Co-inoculation with Bacillus thuringiensis RZ2MS9 and Bradyrhizobium japonicum improves stimulate soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril) development and can stimulate phosphorus microbial disponibilization through soil's natural community

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) form beneficial interactions with plants, delivering biological services such as nitrogen fixation, phosphorus mobilization, and the synthesis of plant hormones and siderophores. The utilization of PGPR in agriculture offers a dual benefit: it minimizes the need for excessive fertilizer application while fostering more sustainable agricultural practices. However, it is necessary to understand the consequences of introducing foreign microbes into intricate ecosystems, such as the soil microbiome. This study comprehensively examined the effects of co-inoculating soybean with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) RZ2MS9 and Masterfix® Soja, a commercial rhizobia bioinoculant containing Bradyrhizobium japonicum (SEMIA 5079) and Bradyrhizobium elkanii (SEMIA 5019), under field conditions. The investigation focused on soybean growth and development, along with the implications for soil microbiome diversity and key traits. Our field results indicate that soybean development was significantly influenced by inoculation. Plants inoculated with only Bt or co-inoculated with rhizobia exhibited a higher shoot length compared to those in the control group. However, neither inoculation nor co-inoculation had a significant effect on shoot dry mass, stem diameter, grain quality, productivity, and plant lodging. Soil prokaryotic diversity and community structure remained unaltered by Bt inoculation or co-inoculation with rhizobia. The abundance of the genera Agromyces, Capillimicrobium, Luteitalea, and Anaeromyxobacter increased after co-inoculation of Bt and rhizobia, and potentially can be used as bioindicators of inoculants presence. The genes enriched after co-inoculation were mostly related to soil phosphorus cycling, with gcd showing the most pronounced increase, indicating gluconic acid release and phosphorus solubilization as a potentially relevant path to promote plant nutrition and growth. The nifA genes were increased only when Bradyrhizobium was inoculated alone, suggesting that this pathway could potentially be affected by Bt inoculation in free-living soil prokaryotes. This study has shown the synergistic activity of rhizobia and Bt on soybean development. This collaboration enhances plant growth while preserving the overall diversity of native bacteria in the soil, without causing significant interference over an extended period. Exploring various rhizobacteria consortia for their potential positive synergistic effects as bioinoculants is a promising approach for sustainable crop management.