Published July 19, 2025 | Version v2

Climate change has desynchronised insect and vegetation phenologies across Europe

  • 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
  • 2. The Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
  • 3. Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SZ, UK

Description

This study evaluates how climate change has affected the phenological synchrony between vegetation and insects across Europe. Leveraging 34 years of remote‑sensing observations and citizen‑science records, we analysed observations of 1,495 phytophagous insect species (spanning four orders) together with the vegetation start‑of‑season (SOS) at the same spatio‑temporal points. Our goal was to quantify long-term trends in vegetation and insect phenology and analyse potential drivers.

 

Files

Phenological_data.zip