The Spectrum and Burden of Otologic Disorders in a Geriatric Nigerian Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: The global population is aging, leading to an increased prevalence of age-related health conditions, including otologic disorders. 

Objective: To determine the prevalence, pattern, and associated characteristics of otologic disorders in a geriatric population in Southern Nigeria.

 Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted over six months (December 2024-June 2025) at the General Practice Clinic. A total of 423 consecutive patients aged 60 years or more were enrolled. Data were collected with the aid of a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, otoscopic examination, and comprehensive audiological evaluation (pure tone and impedance audiometry). Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 27.

Results: The mean age was 67.52 ± 7.28 years, with a female predominance of 274 (64.8%). The overall prevalence of otologic disorders was 228 (53.9%). Hearing impairment was the most prevalent disorder, reported in 214 (50.6%) participants, predominantly sensorineural in type. Cerumen auris was observed in 155 (36.6%), followed by tinnitus in 137 (32.4%). Impedance audiometry revealed normal tympanograms in 238 (56.3%) and 242 (57.2%) of the right and left ears, respectively. Hypertension was the most common comorbidity, affecting 227 (53.7%) participants, 406 (96.0%).

Conclusion: There is a high burden of otologic disorders, particularly hearing loss and cerumen impaction, among geriatric patients in Southern Nigeria. The widespread use of unsafe ear cleaning practices is a major public health concern. These findings underscore the urgent need for integrated routine ear screening and targeted patient education on safe aural hygiene as a standard component of geriatric care in this setting.