BRain-D: Gridded Daily Rainfall Dataset for Brazil (upper threshold - 450 mm)

The BRain-D (BRazilian Rainfall Dataset) is a dataset that provides high-resolution gridded daily precipitation data for Brazil, spanning the period from 1961 to 2024. It is based on records from 18,370 rain gauges distributed across multiple national hydrometeorological networks. The dataset is presented on a regular grid with a spatial resolution of 0.1° × 0.1°, offering extensive spatial coverage and temporal continuity.

A key feature of BRain-D is its reliance on a systematic automatic quality control procedure (A-QCP), which annually classifies stations as High-Quality (HQ) or Low-Quality (LQ), ensuring that only reliable data are included in the gridding process. This approach enhances the accuracy and consistency of the final dataset.

Following quality control, the remaining HQ data were spatially interpolated to generate the gridded fields. The dataset was validated using cross-validation techniques and compared against an independent reference from the Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), demonstrating strong agreement in both daily values and long-term climatological normals.

BRain-D is suitable for a wide range of climatological and hydrological applications, particularly those requiring reliable high-resolution daily precipitation data over Brazil.