Published June 29, 2026 | Version v1
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HYBRID WARFARE LEGAL GAPS. THE EVOLUTION OF HYBRID WARFARE: DISINFORMATION AND GREY ZONE OPERATIONS BEYOND INTERNATIONAL LAW

Authors/Creators

  • 1. Georgian National University SEU

Description

Hypothesis: International law’s usual split between war and peace does not cover modern hybrid warfare. As shown by Schmitt et al. (2017) in the Tallinn Manual 2.0, cyber and Grey Zone attacks often stay below the level of an "armed attack," making it hard to identify the attacker and allowing states to break sovereignty rules without facing legal punishment (Bachmann, 2023; Mazarr, 2015). 

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References

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