Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire, 1859

Figs 2E, 3G, 4G–H, 6–7, 9A, 17

Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire, 1859: 315.

Phrenapates mandibularis Gebien, 1910: 504. Syn. nov.

Diagnosis

Phrenapates latreillei has no supraorbital tubercles, separating it from P. bennettii, P. ohausi, P. gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov. and P. fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov. The horn of P. latreillei (Fig. 3G) differs from the unique form of P. dux (Fig. 3D). Phrenapates latreillei (as well as P. educator) can usually be separated from P. dux (length 27–36 mm) as sizes range from 18–28 mm. The closest species morphologically to P. latreillei is P. educator. Phrenapates latreillei has a horn with a stronger arc than P. educator (Fig. 3G–H, respectively). Additionally, there is a tooth on the mandible which is absent in P. educator. The mentum has stronger paramedial ridges and a deeper medial excavation in P. latreillei vs the less sculptured mentum in P. educator. Though not always consistent, the apex of the labrum is often more convex in P. latreillei, whereas it tends to be straight/slightly concave in P. educator.

Type material

Holotype [Phrenapates mandibularis syn. nov.]

COLOMBIA • ♂; (green label) “00; // Phrenapates / mandibularis / X Geb // (red label) Type / No. 165 // Sammlung / H Gebien // (blue label) Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 23167”; Teneb_base 23167; NHMB.

Lectotype (designated here)

COLOMBIA • ♂; (green rectangle label) “ Phrenapates / Latreillei Dj / Columbia [N J Les] // (green circle label) [unintelligible] / Latreillei Dej / Columb / [unintelligible]”; MNHN.

Other material examined

BRAZIL • 1 spec.; Roraima; Whiteley; 6000 m a.s.l.; Teneb_base 23279; MNHN.

COLOMBIA • 1 spec; s. loc.; Teneb_base 23278; MNHN • 2 specs; s. loc.; Teneb_base 23276 to 23277; repository unknown.

PANAMA • 36 specs; Darien Prov. Cana, Pirre Trail; 1560 m a.s.l.; 5 Jun. 1996; A.R Gillogly leg.; Teneb _base 23246, 22740 to 22746, 22764 to 22780, 22798 to 22808; AAAG • 10 specs; Darien Prov. Cana, Pirre Ridge; 1650 m a.s.l.; 7°45.825' N, 77° 43.325' W; 5 May 2008; A.R Gillogly and M. Seid leg.; Teneb _base 23247, 22730 to 22738; AAAG • 1 spec.; Bocas d. Toro Prov., 3 km N of Cont. Div. Trail, Fortuna Hwy; 950 m a.s.l.; 13 Jul. 1996; A.R. Gillogly leg..; Teneb _base 22739; AAAG.

PERU • 1 spec.; Satipo, Jauja Prov.; Nov. 1945; Teneb_base 23211; AMNH.

UNKNOWN LOCATION • 7 specs; s. loc; Teneb_base 23203 to 23207, 23209 to 23210; FMNH • 1 spec.; s. loc.; Teneb_base 23208; MCZ.

Redescription

MEASUREMENTS. Length 18–28 mm, width 6–9 mm, specimens measured (n = 20).

HEAD. Medial edge of mandibles with additional tooth, inner margin without crenulation. Galea with cluster of bristles situated near midpoint. Mentum strongly sculptured, apex with medial notch; lateral apices produced. Clypeal apex not dilated. Supraorbital tubercles absent. Clypeal horn strongly arced (in lateral view); gradually tapering to sharp point.

Status

The name Phrenapates latreillei was made available by Lacordaire (1859). A specimen matching his provided locality and description was found in the MNHN. As Lacordaire (1859) did not specify the number of studied specimens, only indicating their plural form, a lectotype designation is needed to stabilize the concept of this species. A specimen of the presumed syntype series from MNHN is here designated as a lectotype (see label data above).

Investigation of the type material and available descriptions revealed that the morphology of Gebien’s (1910) Phrenapates mandibularis is fully in line with the concept of P. latreillei. As such, P. mandibularis is hereby treated as a junior synonym of P. latreillei.

Distribution

Central America: Panama; South America: Brazil, Colombia, Peru (Fig. 7).