Published July 12, 2021 | Version v1
Journal article Restricted

The evolution of Bolbites onitoides (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Phanaeini): its phylogenetic significance, geographical polychromatism and the subspecies problem

Description

Cupello, Mario, Ribeiro-Costa, Cibele S., Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z. (2022): The evolution of Bolbites onitoides (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Phanaeini): its phylogenetic significance, geographical polychromatism and the subspecies problem. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194: 973-1034, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab015

Files

Restricted

The record is publicly accessible, but files are restricted to users with access.

Linked records

Additional details

Identifiers

LSID
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:42E7A370-FCD8-492A-8604-C42863BDE6E2
LSID
urn:lsid:plazi.org:pub:DB31284EDC00FFFC3E380D0BDB22FFF3
URL
http://publication.plazi.org/id/DB31284EDC00FFFC3E380D0BDB22FFF3

References

  • Alonso CBG, Zurita GA, Bellocq MI. 2019. Livestock areas with canopy cover sustain dung beetle diversity in the humid subtropical Chaco forest. Insect Conservation and Diversity 12: 296-308.
  • Amadon D. 1949. The seventy-five per cent rule for subspecies. The Condor 51: 250-258.
  • Amadon D. 1966. The superspecies concept. Systematic Zoology 15: 246-249.
  • Arnaud P. 2002. Phanaeini. Les coleopteres du monde, Vol. 28. Canterbury: Hillside Books, 151.
  • Arnaud P. 2018. Description d'une nouvelle espece de Phanaeus d'Equateur et revalidation de l'espece Coprophanaeus (C.) edmondsi Arnaud (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). Besoiro 26: 3-7.
  • Balthasar V. 1939. Eine Vorstudie zur Monographie der Gattung Canthon Hffsg. Folia Zoologica et Hydrobiologica 9(2): 179-238.
  • Balthasar V. 1941. Scarabaeidae Laparostictae (Col.). Beitrage Fauna Perus 1: 337-358.
  • Balthasar V. 1951. Scarabaeidae Laparostictae (Col.). Beitrage Fauna Perus 2: 322-344.
  • Bates HW. 1870. On a new genus and some new species of Copridae (Coleoptera-Lamellicornia). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 18: 173-180.
  • Beutel RG, Lawrence JF. 2005. Coleoptera, morphology. In: Beutel RG, Leschen RAB, eds. Coleoptera, beetles. Volume 1: morphology and systematics (Archostemata, Adephaga, Myxophaga, Polyphaga partim). Handbuch der Zoology: Eine Naturgeschichte der Stamme des Tierreiches. Band IV, Arthropoda: insecta.Teilband 38. Berlin and New York:Walter de Gruyter, 23-28.
  • Bierne N, Welch J, Loire E, Bonhomme F, David P. 2011. The coupling hypothesis: why genome scans fail to map local adaptation genes. Molecular Ecology 20: 2044-2072.
  • Blackwelder RE. 1944. Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies and South America. Part 2. United States National Museum Bulletin 185: 189-341.
  • Blume RR, Aga A. 1976. Phanaeus difformis LeConte (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): clarification of published descriptions, notes on biology, and distribution in Texas. The Coleopterists Bulletin 30: 199-205.
  • Boucomont A. 1928. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der schwedischen entomologischen Reise des Herrn Dr.A. Roman in Amazonas 1914-1915 (und 1923-1924). 12. Scarabaeidae. Arkiv for Zoologi 19A: 1-8.
  • Bousquet Y. 2016. Litteratura Coleopterologica (1758- 1900): a guide to selected books related to the taxonomy of Coleoptera with publication dates and notes. Zookeys 583: 1-776.
  • Braby MF, Eastwood R, Murray N. 2012. The subspecies concept in butterflies: has its application in taxonomy and conservation biology outlived its usefulness? Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 106: 699-716.
  • Bragg PE. 2007. Biographies of phasmatologists - 3. Hermann Burmeister. Phasmid Studies 16: 1-4.
  • Brown RW. 1956. Composition of scientific words. A manual of methods and a lexicon of materials for the practice of logotechnics. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books, 882.
  • Brown Jr WL , Wilson EO. 1954. The case against the trinomen. Systematic Zoology 3: 174-176.
  • Bruch C. 1911. Catalogo sistematico de los coleopteros de la Republica Argentina. Revista del Museo de la Plata 17: 143-225.
  • Bruch C. 1915. Suplemento al catalogo sistematico de los coleopteros de la Republica Argentina. I (addenda, corrigenda y resumen). Revista del Museo de La Plata 19: 538-573.
  • Brulle A. 1838. [livraison 8: pp. 225-448]. In: Brulle A, eds. 1837-1838. Histoire naturelle des insectes, traitant de leur organisation et de leurs moeurs en general, par M.V. Audouin, et comprenant leur classification et la description des especes, par M.A. Brulle. Le tout accompagne de planches gravees sur acier, d'apres des peintures executees pour cette edition sur la collection du Museum de Paris. Tome VI. Coleopteres III. Paris: F. D. Pillot, 448 + pls 18, 19, 19bis, 20, 25 [publication date and authorship based on Bousquet 2016].
  • Burmeister H. 1874. Lamellicornia Argentina [Fortsetzung]. Entomologische Zeitung Stettin 35: 120-133.
  • Cabrera Walsh G. 2020. Dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) coloration and foraging time. The Coleopterists Bulletin 74: 760-762.
  • Cabrera Walsh G, Gandolfo D. 1996. Nidification of thirteen common Argentine dung beetles (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 89: 581-588.
  • Cambefort Y. 2006. Des coleopteres, des collections & des hommes. Paris: Publications Scientifiques du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 375.
  • Cantino PD, De Queiroz K. 2020. International code of phylogenetic nomenclature (PhyloCode). Boca Raton: CRC Press, 149.
  • Chamorro W, Locarno LCP, Castillo-Garcia J, Vazde-Mello FZ. 2014. Notas sobre la morfologia y ecologia de Oruscatus opalescens (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Revista Colombiana de Entomologia 40: 287-291.
  • Correia JC, Vaz-de-Mello FZ, Iannuzzi L. 2014. Morfologia comparada do edeago das especies de Canthon (Francmonrosia) (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). In: Anonymous, ed. X Reunion latinoamericana de scarabaeoidologia. Colombia 2014. Resumenes. Villa de Leyva: Instituto Humboldt Colombia, 109.
  • Coyne JA, Orr HA. 2004. Speciation. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates.
  • Cristovao JP, Vaz-de-Mello FZ. 2020. The terminalia of the superfamily Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera): specific glossary, dissecting methodology, techniques and previously unrecorded sexual dimorphism in some difficult groups. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (on-line edition): 1-43. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/ zlaa079.
  • Cupello M. 2020. The discovery of Edgar von Harold type material in the Museum of Zoology, Dresden. Scarabaeus 1: 15-24.
  • Cupello M, Vaz-de-Mello FZ. 2013. Taxonomic revision of the South American dung beetle genus Gromphas Brulle, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini: Gromphadina). Zootaxa 3722: 439-482.
  • Cupello M, Vaz-de-Mello FZ. 2014a. Correction of the type species of the South American genus Gromphas Brulle, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini). Zootaxa 3790: 399-400.
  • Cupello M, Vaz-de-Mello FZ. 2014b. Revalidation of the Atlantic Forest dung beetle species Coprophanaeus (Metallophanaeus) machadoi (Pereira & d'Andretta, 1955) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini) based on morphological and distributional evidence. Zootaxa 3869: 435-451.
  • Cupello M, Vaz-de-Mello FZ. 2015. A new species and the phylogeny of the South American genus Gromphas Brulle, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini). Journal of Natural History (online edition): 1-27.
  • Cupello M, Vaz-de-Mello FZ. 2018. A monographic revision of the Neotropical dung beetle genus Sylvicanthon Halffter & Martinez, 1977 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini), with a reappraisal of the taxonomic history of 'Canthon sensu lato'.European Journal of Taxonomy 467: 1-205.
  • Cupello M, Ribeiro-Costa CS, Vaz-de-Mello FZ. 2020. Systematics of the enigmatic South American Streblopus Van Lansberge, 1874 dung beetles and their transatlantic origin: a case study on the role of dispersal events in the biographical history of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 603: 1-85.
  • de Castelnau, FL comte. 1840. Histoire naturelle des animaux articules, annelides, crustaces, arachnides, myriapodes et insectes. Histoire naturelle des insectes coleopteres. Tome deuxieme. Paris: Dumenil, 563 pp. + [1] + 38 pls.
  • Davis ALV, Brink DJ, Scholtz CH, Prinsloo LC, Deschodt CM.2008.Functional implications of temperaturecorrelated colour polymorphism in an iridescent, scarabaeine dung beetle. Ecological Entomology 33: 771-779.
  • Dayrat B, Cantino PD, Clarke JA, De Queiroz K. 2008. Species names in the PhyloCode: the approach adopted by the International Society for Phylogenetic Nomenclature. Systematic Biology 57: 507-514.
  • Dejean PFMA. 1833. [Livraison 2, pp. 97-176 ]. In: Dejean PFMA, ed. 1833-1836. Catalogue des Coleopteres de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Paris: Mequignon-Marvis Pere et Fils, 443 [publication date according to Madge, 1988].
  • Dejean PFMA. 1837. [ Livraisons 1-4, 1-384] . In : Dejean PFMA, ed. 1836-1837. Catalogue des Coleopteres de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Troisieme edition, revue, corrigee et augmentee. Paris: Mequignon-Marvis Pere et Fils, v-xiv + 503 [publication date according to Madge, 1988].
  • Diehl SR, Bush GL. 1989. The role of habitat preference in adaptation and speciation. In: Otte D, Endler JA, eds. Speciation and its consequences. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates, 345-365.
  • Di Iorio O, Turienzo P. 2015. Campo de Mayo: un area natural historica en los alrededores de la ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, que merece ser declarada reserva natural. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Nueva Serie 17: 13-42.
  • Dillehay TD. 1999. The late Pleistocene cultures of South America. Evolutionary Anthropology 7: 206-216.
  • Dinerstein E, Olson D, Joshi A, Vynne C, Burgess ND, Wikramanayake E, Hahn N, Palminteri S, Hedao P, Noss R, Hansen M, Locke H, Ellis EC, Jones B, Barber CV, Hayes R, Kormos C, Martin V, Crist E, Sechrest W, Price L , Baillie JEM, Weeden D, Suckling K, Davis C, Sizer N, Moore R, Thau D, Birch T, Potapov P, Turubanova S, Tyukavina A, de Sousa N, Pintea L, Brito JC, Llewellyn OA, Miller AG, Patzelt A, Ghazanfar SA, Timberlake J, Kloser H, Shennan-Farpon Y, Kindt R, Lilleso J-PB, Van Breugel P, Graudal L, Voge M, Al-Shammari KF, Saleem M. 2017. An ecoregion-based approach to protecting half the terrestrial realm. BioScience 67: 534-545.
  • Dobzhansky T. 1935. A critique of the species concept in biology. Philosophy of Science 2: 344-355.
  • Dobzhansky T. 1951. Genetics and the origin of species. 3rd edn, revised. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Doello-Jurado M. 1928. Palabras pronunciadas en el sepelio del Dr. Juan Brethes. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 2: 113-114.
  • Dres M., Mallet J. 2002. Host races in plant-feeding insects and their importance in sympatric speciation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 357: 471-492.
  • Edmonds WD. 1972. Comparative skeletal morphology, systematics and evolution of the Phanaeine dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 49: 731-874.
  • Edmonds WD. 1994. Revision of Phanaeus MacLeay, a New World genus of Scarabaeinae dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Contributions in Science 443: 1-105.
  • Edmonds WD. 2000. Revision of the Neotropical dung beetle genus Sulcophanaeus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Folia Heyrovskyana, Supplementum 6: 1-60.
  • Edmonds WD, Halffter G. 1978. Taxonomic review of immature dung beetles of the subfamily Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Systematic Entomology 3: 307-331.
  • Edmonds WD, Zidek J. 2004. Revision of the Neotropical dung beetle genus Oxysternon (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini). Folia Heyrovskyana 11: 1-58.
  • Edmonds WD, Zidek J. 2010. A taxonomic review of the Neotropical genus Coprophanaeus Olsoufieff, 1924 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). Insecta Mundi 129: 1-111.
  • Edmonds WD, Zidek J. 2012. Taxonomy of Phanaeus revisited: revised keys to and comments on species of the New World dung beetle genus Phanaeus MacLeay, 1819 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini). Insecta Mundi 274: 1-108.
  • Emlen DJ, Philips TK. 2006. Phylogenetic evidence for an association between tunneling behavior and the evolution of horns in dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Coleopterists Society Monograph 5: 47-56.
  • Enderlein G. 1908. Die Biologische bedeutung der Antarktis. Und ihrer Faunengebiete mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der insektenwelt. Mit Tafel XXXIX und 2 Abbildungen im text. In: von Drygalski E, ed. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition. 1901- 1903. Im auftrage des reichsamtes des innern. X.Band. Zoologie II. Band. Berlin: Druck und Verlag von Georg Reimer, 323-360.
  • Ereshefsky M. 2001. The poverty of the Linnaean hierarchy. A philosophical study of biological taxonomy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Escobar F. 2003. Seleccion de habitat y comportamiento sexual de Sulcophanaeus velutinus (Murray, 1856) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) em un bosque de montana em Colombia. Acta Zoologica Mexicana (nueva serie) 90: 307-310.
  • Fabre J-H. 1899. Souvenirs entomologiques (sixieme serie). Etudes sur l'instict et les moeurs des insectes. Paris: Librairie Ch. Delagrave, 418.
  • Fabre J-H. 1919. The glow-worm and other beetles. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 488.
  • Fabricius JC. 1798. Supplementum entomologiae systematicae. Copenhagen: Proft & Storch.
  • Fabricius JC. 1801. Systema eleutheratorum, secundum ordines, genera, species, adjectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Tomus I. Kiel: Bibliopolii Academici Novi [publication date following Bousquet 2016].
  • Favila ME, Ruiz-Lizarraga G, Nolasco J. 2000. Inheritance of a red cuticular color mutation in the scarab beetle Canthon cyanellus cyanellus LeConte (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 54: 541-545.
  • Feer F, Pincebourde S. 2005. Diel flight activity and ecological segregation within an assemblage of tropical forest dung and carrion beetles. Journal of Tropical Ecology 21: 21-30.
  • Feng X, Park DS, Liang Y, Pandey R, Papes M. 2019. Collinearity in ecological niche modeling: confusions and challenges. Ecology and Evolution 9: 10365-10376.
  • Ferreira MC. 1978. The genus Onitis F. of Africa south the Sahara (Scarabaeidae, Coleoptera). Memoirs van die Nasionale Museum 10: 1-410.
  • Fick SE, Hijmans RJ. 2017. WorldClim 2: new 1km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology 37: 4302-4315.
  • Figueroa L, Edmonds WD, Lujan NM. 2014. La tribu Phanaeini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) en el Peru. Revista Peruana de Biologia 21: 125-138.
  • Fitzpatrick JW. 2010. Subspecies are for convenience. Ornithological Monographs 67: 54-61.
  • Franca FM, Silva FAB, Souza JGM, Grossi PC, Vaz-de-Mello FZ. 2012. New distributional data on Oxysternon pteroderum Nevison [sic], 1892 (Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae, Phanaeini) and its possible implications in conservation. Zookeys 174: 1-6.
  • Futuyma DJ. 1998. Evolutionary biology, 3rd edn. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates, 763.
  • Futuyma DJ, Kirkpatrick M. 2017. Evolution, 4th edn. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates, [xix] + 602. +14. + 18. + 30. + 4. + 32. + [2].
  • Genier F. 1996. A revision of the Neotropical genus Ontherus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 170: 1-169.
  • Genier F. 2009. Le genre Eurysternus Dalman, 1824 (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Oniticellini), revision taxonomique et cles de determination illustrees. Sofia: Pensoft, 430.
  • Gonzalez-Alvarado A, Vaz-de-Mello FZ. 2021. Towards a comprehensive taxonomic revision of the Neotropical dung beetle subgenus Deltochilum (Deltohyboma) Lane, 1946 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): Division into species-groups. Plos One 16(1): 1-79.
  • Grant V. 1981. Plant speciation. Second edition. New York (NY): Columbia University Press, xii + 563.
  • Gunter NL, Weir TA, Slipinski A, Bocak L, Cameron SL. 2016. If dung beetles (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) arose in association with dinosaurs, did they also suffer a mass co-extinction at the K-Pg boundary? Plos One 11(5): 1-47.
  • Genier F. 2019. Endophallites: a proposed neologism for naming the sclerotized elements of the insect endophallus (Arthropoda: Insecta). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (N.S.) 55: 482-484.
  • Genier F, Arnaud P. 2016. Dendropaemon Perty, 1830: taxonomy, systematics and phylogeny of the morphologically most derived phanaeine genus. Zootaxa 4099: 1-125.
  • Gillet JJE. 1911. Coleopterorum catalogus. Pars 38: Scarabaeidae: Coprinae I. Berlin: W. Junk, 100.
  • Gillett CPT, Toussaint EFA. 2020. Macroevolution and shifts in the feeding biology of the New World scarab beetle tribe Phanaeini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 130: 661-682.
  • Gillett CPT, Edmonds WD, Villamarin S. 2009. Distribution and biology of the rare scarab beetle Megatharsis buckleyi Waterhouse, 1891 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini). Insecta Mundi 80: 1-8.
  • Gould SJ. 2002. The structure of evolutionary theory. Cambridge (MA) and London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
  • Gould SJ, Vrba ES. 1982. Exaptation - a missing term in the science of form. Paleobiology 8: 4-15.
  • Grensted LW. 1958. Case N° 67. Existing 'Regles': action proposed to be taken by the London (1958) Congress for the purpose of consolidating in the revised 'Regles' the provisions appearing in section 'F' of the 'Appendice' to the existing 'Regles'. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 15: 1110-1113.
  • Groves CP, Bell CH. 2004. New investigations on the taxonomy of the zebras genus Equus, subgenus Hippotigris. Mammalian Biology 69: 182-196.
  • Halffter G. 1952. Notas sobre el genero Phanaeus. I. Phanaeus quadridens Say, 1835 (Col., Scarab). Ciencia 12: 79-86.
  • Halffter G. 1961. Monografia de las especies norteamericanas del genero Canthon Hoffsg. (Coleopt., Scarab.). Ciencia, Revista Hispano-Americana de Ciencias Puras y Aplicadas 20: 225-320.
  • Halffter G. 1974. Elements anciens de l'Entomofaune neotropicale: ses implications biogeographiques. Quaestiones Entomologicae 10: 223-262.
  • Halffter G, Edmonds WD. 1982. The nesting behavior of dung beetles (Scarabaeinae). An ecological and evolutive approach. Mexico: Instituto de Ecologia, 176.
  • Halffter G, Lopez-Guerrero Y. 1977. Development of the ovary and mating behavior in Phanaeus. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 70: 203-213.
  • Halffter G, Matthews EG. 1966. The natural history of dung beetles of the subfamily Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Folia Entomologica Mexicana 12-14: 1-312.
  • Halffter G, Matthews EG. 1971. The natural history of dung beetles. A supplement on associated biota. Revista Latino-Americana de Microbiologia 13: 147-164.
  • Halffter G, Halffter V, Lopez-Guerrero Y. 1974. Phanaeus behavior: food transportation and bisexual cooperation. Environmental Entomology 3: 341-345.
  • Hamel-Leigue AC, Mann DJ, Vaz-de-Mello FZ , Herzog SK. 2006. Hacia un inventario de los escarabajos peloteros (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) de Bolivia: primera compilacion de los generos y especies registrados para el pais. Revista Boliviana de Ecologia y Conservacion Ambiental 20: 1-18.
  • Hamel-Leigue AC, Herzog SK, Mann DJ, Larsen TH, Gill BD, Edmonds WD, Spector S. 2009. Distribucion e historia natural de escarabajos de la tribu Phanaeini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) en Bolivia. Kempffiana 5: 43-95.
  • Hanski I, Cambefort Y. 1991. Dung beetle ecology. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 481.
  • Harold E. 1859. Beitrage zur kenntnis einiger coprophagen Lamellicornien. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 3: 193-224.
  • Harold E . 1868a . Diagnosen neuer Coprophagen . Coleopterologische Hefte 3: 80-86.
  • Harold E. 1868b. Monographie der gattung Canthon. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 12: 1-144.
  • Harold E. 1869a. Catalogus coleopterorum. Hucusque descriptorum, synonymicus et systematicus. Tom. IV. Scarabaeidae. Munich: E. H. Gummi, 979-1346.
  • Harold E. 1869b. Ueber Coprophage Lamellicornien mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Pariser Sammlungen. Coleopterologische Hefte 5: 46-70.
  • Harrison RG. 1998. Linking evolutionary pattern and process. The relevance of species concepts for the study of speciation. In: Howard DJ, Berlocher SH, eds. Endless forms. Species and speciation. New York (NY) and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 19-31.
  • Harrison RG. 2012. The language of speciation. Evolution 66(12): 3643-3657.
  • Harrison RG. 2014. Species and speciation. In: Losos JB, Baum D, Futuyma DJ, Hoekstra HE, Lenski RE, Moore AJ, Peichel CL, Schluter D, Whitlock MC, eds. The Princeton guide to evolution. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 489-495.
  • Hensen MC, Hernandez MIM, Da Silva PG, Amore V, Lobo JM. 2018. Distribution of Canthon rutilans rutilans and Canthon rutilans cyanescens along spatio-temporal and temperature gradients. Insects 9: 1-10.
  • Hensen MC, Lobo JM, Hernandez MIM. 2020. Differences in the reproductive behaviour and larval development of two Canthon rutilans subspecies reinforce their thermal regional segregation. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 168: 827-835.
  • Hernandez MIM. 2002. The night and day of dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) in the Serra do Japi, Brazil: elytra colour related to daily activity. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 46: 597-600.
  • Horn W, Kahle I, Friese G, Gaedike R. 1990a. Collectiones entomologicae. Ein Kompendium uber den Verbleib entomologischer Sammlungen der Welt bis 1960. Teil I: A bis K. Berlin: Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, 1-220.
  • Horn W, Kahle I, Friese G, Gaedike R. 1990b. Collectiones entomologicae. Ein Kompendium uber den Verbleib entomologischer Sammlungen der Welt bis 1960. Teil II: L bis Z. Berlin: Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, 223-573.
  • House CM, Simmons LW. 2003. Genital morphology and fertilization success in the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus: an example of sexually selected male genitalia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 270: 447-455.
  • Hunt J, Simmons LW. 2001. Status-dependent selection in the dimorphic beetle Onthophagus taurus. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 268: 2409-2414.
  • ICZN [International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature]. 1999. International code of zoological nomenclature. Fourth edition adopted by the International Union of Biological Sciences. London: International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, 306.
  • ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature) 1999. International code of zoological nomenclature. Fourth edition adopted by the International Union of Biological Sciences. London: International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, 306.
  • IPNI. 2021. International Plant Name Index. Available at www.ipni.org.
  • Irwin DE. 2002. Phylogeographic breaks without geographic barriers to gene flow. Evolution 56: 2383-2394.
  • Irwin DE, Bensch S, Irwin JH, Price TD. 2005. Speciation by distance in a ring species. Science 307: 414-416.
  • Jaeger G. 1874. In Sachen Darwin's insbesondere contra Wigand. Ein Beitrag zur Rechtfertigung und Fortbildung der Umwandlungslehre. Stuttgart: E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagshandlung (E. Koch).
  • Janssens A. 1940. Contribution a l'Etude des Coleopteres lamellicornes coprophages. II. - Remarques sur quelques Phanaeides. Bulletin du Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 16: 1-7.
  • Judulien F. 1899. Quelques notes sur plusieurs coprophages de Buenos Aires. Revista del Museo de La Plata 9: 371-380. [Frere Judulien was the religious name of the French-Argentinian entomologist Jean (Juan) Brethes (1871-1928) and it was with this name he signed his early works (Doello-Jurado, 1928)].
  • Kirk AA. 1992. Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) active in patchy forest and pasture habitats in Santa Cruz province, Bolivia, during spring.Folia Entomologica Mexicana 84: 45-54.
  • Kitchener AC, Breitenmoser-Wursten C, Eizirik E, Gentry A, Werdelin L, Wilting A, Yamaguchi N, Abramov AV , Christiansen P , Driscoll C , Duckworth JW, Johnson W, Luo S-J, Meijaard E, O'Donoghue P, Sanderson J, Seymour K, Bruford M, Groves C, Hoffmann M, Nowell K , Timmons Z, Tobe S. 2017. A revised taxonomy of the Felidae. The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group. Cat News Special Issue 11: 1-80.
  • Kohlmann B, Arriaga-Jimenez A, Ros M. 2018. Dung beetle vicariant speciation in the mountains of Oaxaca, Mexico, with a description of a new species of Phanaeus (Coleoptera, Geotrupidae, Scarabaeidae). Zookeys 743: 67-93.
  • Kolbe HJ. 1905. Uber die Lebensweise und die geographische Verbreitung der coprophagen Lamellicornier. Zoologischen Jahrbucher, Supplement 8: 475-594.
  • Kolbe HJ. 1907. Hamburger Magalhaensische Sammelreise. Coleopteren. Hamburg: L. Friederichsen & Co., 125.
  • Krajcik M. 2006. Checklist of Scarabaeoidea of the world. 1. Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Anima. X, Supplement 3: 1-189.
  • Krajcik M. 2012. Checklist of the world Scarabaeoidea. Anima. X, Supplement 5: 1-278.
  • Krantz GW. 1967. A review of the genus Holocelaeno Berlese, 1910 (Acarina: Macrochelidae). Acarologia 9(Suppl.): 1-89.
  • Lagoa R. 1905. Catalogo do Museu Braga Junior. Rua de S. Lazaro n° 267 (Palacete Braguinha), Porto (Portugal). Porto: Typographia Progresso, 46.
  • Laloy L. 1902 . Moeurs des coleopteres coprophages, specialement de La Plata. Le Naturaliste, 2e Serie 16: 169-171.
  • Lawrence JF, Beutel RG, Leschen RAB, Slipinski A. 2010. Glossary of morphological terms. In: Leschen RAB, Beutel RG, Lawrence JF, eds. Coleoptera, beetles. Vol. 2: morphology and systematics (Elateroidea, Bostrichiformia, Cucujiformia partim). Handbook of zoology. Arthropoda: Insecta. Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter, 9-20.
  • Liddell HG, Scott R. 1897. A Greek-English lexicon. Revised and augmented throughout with the cooperation of professor Drisler, of Columbia College, New York, 8th edn. New York: Harper & Brothers.
  • Lopez-Guerrero Y, Halffter G. 2000. Evolution of the spermatheca in the Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera). Fragmenta Entomologica 32: 225-285.
  • Lowry DB, Hopkins R. 2014. Speciation and natural selection. In: Losos JB, Baum D, Futuyma DJ, Hoekstra HE, Lenski RE, Moore AJ, Peichel CL, Schluter D, Whitlock MC, eds. The Princeton guide to evolution. Princeton, New Jersey and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 512-519.
  • Lucas R. 1920. Catalogus alphabeticus generum et subgenerum Coleopterorum orbis terrarum totius (famil., trib., subtr., sect. incl.). Pars I. Berlin: Nicolaische.
  • Luzzatto M, Monteresino E, Zunino M, Barbero E. 1994. Material per un'analisi del popolamento di scarabeidi coprofagi delle zone aride del cono sud del Sudamerica. Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana 126: 61-65.
  • Madge RB. 1988. The publication dates of Dejean's catalogues. Archives of Natural History 15: 317-321.
  • Maldaner ME, Vaz-de-Mello FZ, Takiya DM, Ferreira DC. 2019. Genetic and chromatic variation of Coprophanaeus (Megaphanaeus) ensifer (Germar, 1821) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger 283: 150-160.
  • de Manuel M,Barnett R,Sandoval-Velasco M,Yamaguchi N, Vieira FG, Mendoza MLZ, Liu S, Martin MD, Sinding MHS, Mak SST, Caroe C, Liu S, Guo C, Zheng J, Zazula G, Baryshnikov G, Eizirik E, Koepfli K-P, Johnson WE, Antunes A, Sicheritz-Ponten T, Gopalakrishnan S, Larson G, Yang H, O'Brien SJ, Hansen AJ, Zhang G, Marques-Bonet T, Gilbert MTP. 2020. The evolutionary history of extinct and living lions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 117: 10927-10934.
  • Martinez A. 1959. Catalogo de los Scarabaeidae Argentinos. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales 'Bernardino Rivadavia', Ciencias Zoologicas 5: 1-126.
  • Martinez A. 1987. La entomofauna de Scarabaeinae de la provincia de Salta (Col. Scarabaeoidea). Revista de la Sociedad Cientifica Argentina 216: 45-69.
  • Mayr E. 1940. Speciation phenomena in birds. The American Naturalist 74: 249-278.
  • Mayr E. 1942. Systematics and the origin of species from the viewpoint of a zoologist. New York: Columbia University Press, 334.
  • Mayr E. 1948. The bearing of the new systematics on genetical problems. The nature of species. Advances in Genetics 2: 205-237.
  • Mayr E. 1959a. Isolation as an evolutionary factor. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 103: 221-230.
  • Mayr E. 1959b. Trends in avian systematics. Ibis 10: 293-302.
  • Mayr E. 1959c. Darwin and the evolutionary theory in biology. In: Meggers BJ, ed. Evolution and anthropology: a centennial appraisal. Washington, DC: The Anthropological Society of Washington, 1-10.
  • Mayr E. 1963. Animal species and evolution. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 797.
  • Mayr E. 1970. Populations, species, and evolution. An abridgment of animal species and evolution. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 453.
  • Mayr E. 1982a. The growth of biological thought. Diversity, evolution, and inheritance. Cambridge: The Belknap Press, 992.
  • Mayr E. 1982b. Speciation and macroevolution. Evolution 36(6): 1119-1132.
  • Mayr E. 1996. What is a species, and what is not? Philosophy of Science 63: 262-277.
  • Mayr E, Linsley EG, Usinger RL. 1953. Methods and principles of systematic zoology. New York, Toronto and London: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 328.
  • Mallet J. 1995. A species definition for the Modern Synthesis. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 10(7): 294-299.
  • Mallet J. 2001. Subspecies, semispecies, superspecies. Encyclopedia of Biodiversity (on-line edition): 1-5 (https:// doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-226865-2/00261-3)
  • Mayr E. 1954. Change of genetic environment and evolution. In: Huxley J, Hardy AC, Ford EB, eds. Evolution as a process. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd, 157-180.
  • Mayr E. & Diamond J. 2001. The birds of Northern Melanesia: Speciation, ecology, and biogeography. New York (NY): Oxford University Press, xxiv + 492 + 9 pls.
  • McKenzie JL, Bucking C, Moreira A, Schulte PM. 2017. Intrinsic reproductive isolating mechanisms in the maintenance of a hybrid zone between ecologically divergent subspecies. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 30: 848-864.
  • Medina CA, Molano F, Scholtz CH. 2013. Morphology and terminology of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) male genitalia. Zootaxa 3626: 455-476.
  • Moctezuma V, Nogueira G, Halffter G. 2020. A revalidation and a new species in the genus Phanaeus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Besoiro 30: 3-11.
  • Monaghan MT, Inward DJG, Hunt T, Vogler AP. 2007. A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Scarabaeinae (dung beetles). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 45: 674-692.
  • Monteresino E, Martinez A, Zunino M. 1996. Los Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) de la provincia de Cordoba, Argentina. In: di Tada IE, Bucher EH, eds. Biodiversidad de la Provincia de Cordoba. Fauna, Vol. 1. Cordoba: Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, 101-117.
  • Morelli E, Gonzalez-Vainer P. 1997. Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) inhabiting bovine and ovine droppings in Uruguayan prairies. The Coleopterists Bulletin 51: 197.
  • Morelli E, Gonzalez-Vainer P, Baz A. 2002. Coprophagous beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) in Uruguayan prairies: abundance, diversity and seasonal occurrence. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 37: 53-57.
  • Nolasco-Soto J, Gonzalez-Astorga J, De los Monteros AE, Galante-Patino E, Favila ME. 2017. Phylogeographic structure of Canthon cyanellus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), a Neotropical dung beetle in the Mexican Transition Zone: Insights on its origin and the impacts of Pleistocene climatic fluctuations on population dynamics. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 109: 180-190.
  • Nolasco-Soto J, Favila ME, Los Monteros AE, Gonzalez-Astorga J, Halffter G, Valdez-Carrasco J, Noriega JA, Galante E. 2020. Variations in genetic structure and male genitalia suggest recent lineage diversification in the Neotropical dung beetle complex Canthon cyanellus (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 131: 505-520.
  • Nosil P, Vines TH, Funk DJ. 2005. Reproductive isolation caused by natural selection against immigrants from divergent habitats. Evolution 59(4): 705-719.
  • Nunes LGOA, Nunes RV, Vaz-de-Mello FZ. 2018. Taxonomic revision of the South American subgenus Canthon (Goniocanthon) Pereira & Martinez, 1956 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini). European Journal of Taxonomy 437: 1-31.
  • Nunes LGOA, Nunes RV, Vaz-de-Mello FZ. 2020. Taxonomic revision of the South American subgenus Canthon (Peltecanthon) Pereira, 1953 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini). European Journal of Taxonomy 594: 1-27.
  • Ocampo FC. 2010. The South American dung beetle genus Ennearabdus Lansberge (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Eucraniini). Journal of Insect Science 10: 1-12.
  • Ocampo FC, Hawks DC. 2006. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution of the food relocation behaviour of the dung beetle tribe Eucraniini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Invertebrate Systematics 20: 557-570.
  • Olson DM, Dinerstein E, Wikramanayake ED , Burgess ND, Powell GVN, Underwood EC, d'Amico JA, Itoua I, Strand HE, Morrison JC, Loucks CJ, Allnutt TF, Ricketts TH, Kura Y, Lamoreux JF, Wettengel WW, Hedao P, Kassem KR. 2001. Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: a new map of life on Earth. BioScience 51: 933-938.
  • d'Olsoufieff G. 1924. Les Phanaeides (Coleoptera - Lamellicornia), famille Scarabaeidae - tr. Coprini. Insecta 13: 4-201.
  • Orr HA, McNabney D. 2014. Genetics of speciation. In: Losos JB, Baum D, Futuyma DJ, Hoekstra HE, Lenski RE, Moore AJ, Peichel CL, Schluter D, Whitlock MC, eds. The Princeton guide to evolution. Princeton, New Jersey and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 543-548.
  • Ortiz-Dominguez M, Favila ME, Mendoza-Lopez MR. 2006. Mate recognition differences among allopatric populations of the scarab Canthon cyanellus cyanellus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 99: 1248-1256.
  • Otronen M. 1988. Intra- and intersexual interactions at breeding burrows in the horned beetle, Coprophanaeus ensifer. Animal Behavior 36: 741-748.
  • Palestrini C, Barbero E, Roggero A. 2020. The evolution of the mouthpart structures in the Eucraniini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). Organisms Diversity & Evolution 20: 451-465.
  • Papavero N. 1994. Rudimentos de grego. In: Papavero N, ed. Fundamentos praticos de taxonomia zoologica (colecoes, bibliografia, nomenclatura). Sao Paulo: Editora Unesp, 151-167.
  • Paterson HEH. 1993. The term "isolating mechanisms" as a canalizer of evolutionary thought. In: McEvey SF, ed. Evolution and the recognition concept of species. Collected writings. Baltimore (MD) and London: The John Hopkins University Press, 1-10.
  • Pedersen C-ET, Albrechtsen A, Etter PD, Johnson EA, Orlando L, Chikhi L, Siegismund HR, Heller R. 2018. A southern African origin and cryptic structure in the highly mobile plains zebra. Nature Ecology & Evolution 2: 491-498.
  • Pereira FS. 1953. Notas sinonimicas (Col. Scarabaeidae). Dusenia 4: 387-402.
  • Perty JAM. 1830. Insecta brasiliensia, pp.1-60. In: Perty JAM, ed. 1830-1833. Delectus animalium articulatorum, quae in intinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX jussu et auspiciis Maximiliani Josephi I. Bavariae regis augustissimi peracto collegerunt Dr. J. B. de Spix et Dr. C. F. Ph. de Martius. Munich: Privately published.
  • Pessoa SB, Lane F. 1941. Coleopteros necrofagos de interesse medico-legal. Ensaio monografico sobre a familia Scarabaeidae de S. Paulo e regioes vizinhas. Arquivos de Zoologia do Estado de Sao Paulo 2: 389-504.
  • Philips SJ, Anderson RP, Schapire RE. 2006. Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions. Ecological Modeling 190: 231-259.
  • Philips SJ, Miroslav D, Schapire RE. 2020. Maxent software for modeling species niches and distributions (v.3.4.1.). Available at: http://biodiversityinformatics.amnh.org/open_ source/maxent/ (last accessed on 12 September 2020).
  • Philips SJ. 2017. A brief tutorial on Maxent. Available at: http://biodiversityinformatics.amnh.org/open_source/ maxent/ (last accessed on 12 September 2020).
  • Philips TK, Scholtz CH, Ocampo FC. 2002. A phylogenetic analysis of the Eucraniini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Insect Systematics and Evolution 33: 241-252.
  • Philips TK, Pretorius E, Scholtz CH. 2004a. A phylogenetic analysis of dung beetles (Scarabaeinae: Scarabaeidae): unrolling an evolutionary history. Invertebrate Systematics 18: 53-88.
  • Philips TK, Edmonds WD, Scholtz CH. 2004b. A phylogenetic analysis of the New World tribe Phanaeini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): hypotheses on relationship and origins. Insect Systematics and Evolution 35: 43-63.
  • Poelstra JW, Vijay N, Bossu CM, Lantz H, Ryll B, Muller I, Baglione V, Unneberg P, Wikelski M, Grabherr MG, Wolf JBW. 2014. The genomic landscape underlying phenotypic integrity in the face of gene flow in crows. Science 344: 1410-1414.
  • Price DL. 2009. Phylogeny and biogeography of the dung beetle genus Phanaeus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Systematic Entomology 34: 137-150.
  • de Queiroz K. 2005. Ernst Mayr and the modern concept of species. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 102: 6600-6607.
  • Raghavan M, Steinrucken M, Harris K, Schiffels S, Rasmussen S, DeGiorgio M, Albrechtsen A, Valdiosera C, Avila-Arcos MC, Malaspinas A-S, Eriksson A, Moltke I, Metspalu M, Homburger JR, Wall J, Cornejo OE, Moreno-Mayar JV, Korneliussen TS , Pierre T , Rasmussen M, Campos PF, Damgaard PB, Allentoft ME, Lindo J, Metspalu E, Rodriguez-Varela R, Mansilla J, Henrickson C, Seguin-Orlando A, Malmstrom H, Stafford Jr T, Shringarpure SS, Moreno-Estrada A, Karmin M, Tambets K, Bergstrom A, Xue Y, Warmuth V, Friend AD, Singarayer J, Valdes P, Balloux F, Leboreiro I, Vera JL, Rangel-Villalobos H, Pettener D, Luiselli D, Davis LG, Heyer E, Zollikofer CPE, Ponce de Leon MS, Smith CI, Grimes V, Pike K-A, Deal M, Fuller BT, Arriaza B, Standen V, Luz MF, Ricaut F, Guidon N, Osipova L, Voevoda MI, Posukh OL, Balanovsky O, Lavryashina M, Bogunov Y, Khusnutdinova E, Gubina M, Balanovska E, Fedorova S, Litvinov S, Malyarchuk B, Derenko M, Mosher MJ, Archer D, Cybukski J, Petzelt B, Mitchell J, Worl R, Norman PJ, Parham P, Kemp BM, Kivisild T, Tyler-Smith C, Sandhu MS, Crawford M, Villems R, Smith DG, Waters MR, Goebel T, Johnson JR, Malhi RS, Jakobsson M, Meltzer DJ, Manica A, Durbin R, Bustamante CD, Song YS, Nielsen R, Willerslev E. 2015. Genomic evidence for the Pleistocene and recent population history of Native Americans. Science 349: 10.
  • Ratcliffe BC, Jameson ML, Figueroa L, Cave RD, Paulsen MJ, Cano EB, Beza-Beza C, Jimenez-Ferbans L, Reyes-Castillo P. 2015. Beetles (Coleoptera) of Peru: a survey of the families Scarabaeoidea. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 88: 186-207.
  • Rasmussen JL. 1994. The influence of horn and body size on the reproductive behavior of the horned rainbow scarab beetle Phanaeus difformis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Journal of Insect Behavior 7(1): 67-82.
  • Rensch B. 1960. Evolution above the species level. New York: Columbia University Press, 419.
  • Ribeiro PHO, Frizzas MR, Gawryszewski FM. 2020. Correlacao entre dimorfismo sexual de coloracao e horario de atividade em besouros rola-bosta da tribo Phanaeini(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). In: Nihei S, Morandini AC,
  • Ridley M. 2004. Evolution, 3rd edn. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Rowland JM, Emlen DJ. 2009. Two thresholds, three male forms result in facultative male trimorphism in beetles. Science 323: 773-776.
  • Sawaris L, Cupello M, Vaz-de-Mello FZ. 2019. Taxonomic revision of the rare South American dung beetle genus Holocanthon Martinez et Pereira, 1956 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini). Annales Zoologici 69: 561-574.
  • Schmidt A. 1922. 1. Bestimmungstabelle der mir bekannten Canthon -Arten. 2. Verbreitungsgebiete der Canthon -Arten. 3. Neubeschreibungen von Canthon, Saprositis, Mendidius, Euparia und Ataenius. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte Abteilung A 88: 61-103.
  • Scholtz CH, Davis ALV, Kryger U. 2009. Evolutionary biology and conservation of dung beetles. Sofia: Pensoft Publishers, 567.
  • Scholtz CH. 2009a. Section B. Physiological and behavioral ecology. In: Scholtz CH, Davis ALV, Kryger U, eds. Evolutionary biology and conservation of dung beetles. Sofia: Pensoft Publishers, 119-224.
  • Scholtz CH. 2009b. Section C. Phylogeny of the Scarabaeinae. In: Scholtz CH, Davis ALV, Kryger U, eds. Evolutionary biology and conservation of dung beetles. Sofia: Pensoft Publishers, 225-327.
  • da Silva PG. 2017. Dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeinae) from high-altitude grasslands in Sao Joaquim National Park, Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Check List 13: 817-830.
  • Silva FAB, Genier F. 2019. A new Peruvian species of Scybalocanthon Martinez, 1948 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae, Deltochilini) and some remarkable intrapopulation variation in the endophallus of S. pinopterus (Kirsch, 1873). Zookeys 884: 69-80.
  • Simoes M, Romero-Alvarez D, Nunez-Penichet C, Jimenez L, Cobos ME. 2019. General theory and good practices in ecological niche modeling: a basic guide. Biodiversity Informatics 15: 67-68.
  • Simpson GG. 1961. Principles of animal taxonomy. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Simpson GG, Beck WS. 1965. Life. An introduction to biology, 2nd edn. New York, Chicago and Burlingame: Harcourt, Brace & World.
  • Solis A, Kohlmann B. 2002. El genero Canthon (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) en Costa Rica. Giornale Italiano di Entomologia 10: 1-68.
  • Solis A, Kohlmann B. 2012. Checklist and distribution atlas of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 3482: 1-32.
  • Steadman DW, Martin PS, MacPhee RDE, Jull AJT, McDonald HG, Woods CA, Iturralde-Vinent M, Hodgins GWL. 2005. Asynchronous extinction of late Quaternary sloths on continents and islands. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 102: 11763-11768.
  • Steinheil E, Strobel P. 1872. Symbolae ad historiam Coleopterorum Argentiniae meridionalis, ossia enumerazione dei coleotteri raccolti dal prof. P. Strobel nell'Argentinia meridionale, e descrizione delle specie nuove, di Edoardo Steinheil (Traduzione dal manoscritto tedesco inedito per P.Strobel, coll'aggiunta delle notizie sulla dimora delle specie). Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali 15: 554-578.
  • Sturm J. 1843. Catalog der Kaefer-Sammlung von Jacob Sturm. Nuremberg: Privately published.
  • Stanbrook RA, Harris WE, Wheater CP, Jones M. 2021. Evidence of phenotypic plasticity along an altitudinal gradient in the dung beetle Onthophagus proteus. PeerJ (no volume): 1-15.
  • Tarasov S, Dimitrov D. 2016. Multigene phylogenetic analysis redefines dung beetles relationships and classification (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). BMC Evolutionary Biology 16: 1-19.
  • Tarasov S,Genier F. 2015. Innovative bayesian and parsimony phylogeny of dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) enhanced by ontology-based partitioning of morphological characters. PLoS One 10: 1-86.
  • Tarasov SI, Solodovnikov AY. 2011. Phylogenetic analyses reveal reliable morphological markers to classify megadiversity in Onthophagini dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Cladistics 27: 490-528.
  • Taylor BL, Perrin WF, Reeves RR, Rosei PE, Wang JY, Cipriano F, Baker CS, Brownell Jr RL. 2017a. Why we should develop guidelines and quantitative standards for using genetic data to delimit subspecies for data-poor organisms like cetaceans. Marine Mammals Science 33: 12-26.
  • Taylor BL, Archer FI, Martien KK, Rosei PE, Hancock-Hanser BL, Lang AR, Leslie MS, Mesnick SL, Morin PA, Pease VL, Perrin WF, Robertson KM, Parsons KM, Viricei A, Vollmer NL, Cipriano F, Reeves RR, Krutzen M, Baker CS. 2017b. Guidelines and quantitative standards to improve consistency in cetacean subspecies and species delimitation relying on molecular genetic data. Marine Mammals Science 33: 132-155.
  • Tissiani ASO, Vaz-de-Mello FZ, Campelo-Junior JH. 2017. Besouros rola-bostas das pastagens brasileiras e chave para identificacao dos generos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira 52: 401-418.
  • Ulrich W. 1972. Hermann Burmeister, 1807 to 1892. Annual Review of Entomology 17: 1-22.
  • Valois M, Harada L, Vaz-de-Mello FZ, Silva F. 2018. Synopsis of the genus Diabroctis Gistel, 1857 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) with a new species description. Insect Systematics & Evolution 51: 347-374.
  • Van Lansberge G. 1875. Monographie des Onitides. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 18: 5-148.
  • Vane-Wright RI. 2020. Euploea dorippus Klug, 1845: species, semispecies, subspecies, junior subjective synonym of Danaus chrysippus chrysippus (Linnaeus), and/or form - what does Klug's dorippus represent? (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Danainae). Nota Lepidopterologica 43: 117-138.
  • Vaz-de-Mello FZ. 2000. Estado atual de conhecimentos dos Scarabaeidae s. str. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) do Brasil. In: Martin-Piera F, Morrone JJ, Melic A, eds. Hacia un proyecto CYTED para el inventario y estimacion de la diversidad entomologica en Iberoamerica: PRIBES-2000. m3m: monografias Tercer Milenio, Vol. 1. Zaragoza: Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa (SEA), 183-195.
  • Vaz-de-Mello FZ, Cupello M. 2018. The type specimens of South American dung beetles, Part II: the species described by the Austrian coleopterist Ludwig Redtenbacher (1814-1876) in the 1868 part of the 'Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde ' (Insecta: Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, B 120: 42-58.
  • Vaz-de-Mello FZ, Genier F. 2009. Notes on the behavior of Dendropaemon Perty and Tetramereia Klages (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 63: 364-366.
  • Vaz-de-Mello FZ, Grossi PC. 2010. First report of Bolbites Harold (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini) in Brazil. The Coleopterists Bulletin 64: 220.
  • Vaz-de-Mello FZ , Edmonds WD , Ocampo FC , Schoolmeesters P. 2011. A multilingual key to the genera and subgenera of the subfamily Scarabaeinae of the New World (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Zootaxa 2854: 1-73.
  • Vlachos E. 2015. Forming taxon names from Greek words. Bionomina 9: 1-26.
  • Vulcano MA, Pereira FS. 1964. Catalogue of the Canthonini (Col. Scarab.) inhabiting the Western Hemisphere. Entomologischen Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 15: 570-685.
  • Vulinec K. 1997. Iridescent dung beetles: a different angle. The Florida Entomologist 80: 132-141.
  • Waterhouse CO. 1891. New Scarabaeidae in the British Museum: a fifth contribution. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany and Geology, Sixth Series 8: 53-61.
  • Weber K. 2016. [entry on] Strobel, Pellegrino de. In: Anonymous, ed. Biographies of the entomologists of the world. Available at: http://sdei.senckenberg.de/biographies/ (last accessed on 14 May 2020).
  • Werner M, Simmons LW. 2008. The evolution of male genitalia: functional integration of genital sclerites in the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 93: 257-266.
  • Williams GC. 1966. Adaptation and natural selection. A critique of some current evolutionary thought. Princeton (NJ): Princeton University Press, x, 307.
  • Wiktionary. 2020. Wiktionary. Available at: https:// en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ (last accessed on 29 October 2020).
  • Willis CG, Donohue K. 2016. The evolution of intrinsic reproductive isolation in the genus Cakile (Brassicaceae). Journal of Evolutionary Biology 30: 361-376.
  • Wilson EO. 1955. A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 113: 3-201, pl. 1-2.
  • Wilson EO. 1992. The diversity of life. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 424.
  • Wilson EO. 1994. Naturalist. Washington, DC: Island Press, 416.
  • Wilson EO, Brown Jr WL. 1953. The subspecies concept and its taxonomic application. Systematic Zoology 2: 97-111.
  • Winker K. 2010. Subspecies represent geographically partitioned variation, a gold mine of evolutionary biology, and a challenge for conservation. Ornithological Monographs 67: 6-23.
  • Zimmer C, Emlen DJ. 2016. Evolution. Making sense of life, 2nd edn. New York: W. H. Freeman, 752.
  • Zunino M. 1972. Revisione delle specie paleartiche del genere Onthophagus Latr. (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea). I.-Il sottogenere Euonthophagus Balth. Bollettino del Museo di Zoologia dell'Universita di Torino 1: 1-28.
  • Zunino M. 1985a. Las relaciones taxonomicas de los Phanaeina (Coleoptera, Scarabaeinae) y sus implicancias biogeograficas (resumen). Revista Peruana de Entomologia 26: 21-23.
  • Zunino M. 1985b. Las relaciones taxonomicas de los Phanaeina (Coleoptera, Scarabaeinae) y sus implicaciones biogeograficas. Folia Entomologica Mexicana 64: 101-115.