Published April 6, 2022
| Version v1
Journal article
Open
New species, redescriptions and new records of deep-sea brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the South China Sea, an integrated morphological and molecular approach
- 1. Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, 57200 Sanya, China. & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
- 2. Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Zoology, Box 50007, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden.
- 3. Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, 57200 Sanya, China.
Description
Nethupul, Hasitha, Stöhr, Sabine, Zhang, Haibin (2022): New species, redescriptions and new records of deep-sea brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the South China Sea, an integrated morphological and molecular approach. European Journal of Taxonomy 810 (1): 1-95, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.810.1723, URL: http://zoobank.org/67e0ccf7-f768-4c5f-9f02-55ebffadd3d5
Files
source.pdf
Files
(45.2 MB)
| Name | Size | Download all |
|---|---|---|
|
md5:b44aa7d09b3d80bb68242a075772c751
|
45.2 MB | Preview Download |
Linked records
Additional details
References
- Baker A.N. 1980. Euryalinid Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from Australia, New Zealand, and the South-west Pacific Ocean. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 7 (1): 11-83. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1980.10423763
- Baker A.N., Okanishi M. & Pawson D.L. 2018. Euryalid brittle stars from the international Indian Ocean Expedition 1963-64 (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Euryalida). Zootaxa 4392 (1): 1-27. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4392.1.1
- Bell F.J. 1909. Report on the Echinoderma (other than holothurians) collected by Mr. J. Stanley Gardiner in the western parts of the Indian Ocean. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Series 2 2: 17-22. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16398922 [accessed 16 Feb. 2022].
- Boissin E., Feral J. & Chenuile A. 2008. Defining reproductively isolated units in a cryptic and syntopic species complex using mitochondrial and nuclear markers: the brooding brittle star, Amphipholis squamata (Ophiuroidea). Molecular Ecology 17 (7): 1732-1744. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03652.x
- Boissin E., Stohr S. & Chenuile A. 2011. Did vicariance and adaptation drive cryptic speciation and evolution of brooding in Ophioderma longicauda (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), a common Atlanto- Mediterranean ophiuroid? Molecular Ecology 20 (22): 4737-4755. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05309.x
- Boissin E., Hoareau T.B., Paulay G. & Bruggemann J.H. 2017. DNA barcoding of reef brittle stars (Ophiuroidea, Echinodermata) from the southwestern Indian Ocean evolutionary hot spot of biodiversity. Ecology and Evolution 7 (24): 11197-11203. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3554
- Chang F.Y., Liao Y.L. & Wu B.L. 1962. Euryaliae of the China Sea. Acta Zoologica Sinica 14: 53-68.
- Chen W.Y., Zhang D. & Wang C. 2020. Two new records of genus Ophiurothamnus (Ophiuroidea, Ophiacanthidae) from a deep-sea seamount of the South China Sea. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica 51 (3): 649-655. https://doi.org/10.11693/hyhz20191100232
- Cho W. & Shank T.M. 2010. Incongruent patterns of genetic connectivity among four ophiuroid species with differing coral host specificity on North Atlantic seamounts. Marine Ecology 31 (Suppl. 1): 121- 143. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.2010.00395.x
- Christodoulou M., O'Hara T.D., Hugall A.F. & Arbizu P.M. 2019. Dark ophiuroid biodiversity in a prospective abyssal mine field. Current Biology 29 (22): 3909-3912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.09.012
- Clark H.L. 1911. North Pacific ophiurans in the collection of the United States National Museum. United States National Museum Bulletin 75: 1-302.
- Clark H.L. 1915. Catalogue of recent ophiurans, based on the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 25 (4): 164-376.
- Clark H.L. 1923. The echinoderm fauna of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 13 (7): 221-438.
- Corstorphine E.A. 2010. DNA Barcoding of Echinoderms: Species Diversity and Patterns of Molecular Evolution. MSc thesis, University of Guelph, Canada.
- Doderlein L. 1902. Japanische Euryaliden. Zoologischer Anzeiger 25: 320-326.
- Doderlein L. 1911. Uber japanische und andere Euryalae. Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-physikalische Klasse Suppl. 5 (2): 1-123.
- Doderlein L. 1927. Indopacifische Euryalae. Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-physikalische Klasse 31 (6): 1-106.
- Edler D., Klein J., Antonelli A. & Silvestro D. 2021. raxmlGUI 2.0: a graphical interface and toolkit for phylogenetic analyses using RAxML. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 12 (2): 373-377. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13512
- Frensel R., Barboza C.A.M., Moura R.B. & Campos L.S. 2010. Southwest Atlantic deep-sea brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from Campos Basin, Brazil. In: Harris L.G., Boetger S.A., Walker C.W. & Lesser M.P. (eds) Echinoderms: Durham - Proceedings of the 12th International Echinoderm Conference: 173-180. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203869543-c27
- Gallego R., Lavery S. & Sewell M.A. 2014. The meroplankton community of the oceanic Ross Sea during late summer. Antarctic Science 26 (4): 345-360. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102013000795
- Galaska M.P., Li Y., Kocot K.M., Mahon A.R. & Halanych K.M. 2019. Conservation of mitochondrial genome arrangements in brittle stars (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 130: 115-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.10.002
- Girard F., Fu B. & Fisher C.R. 2016. Mutualistic symbiosis with ophiuroids limited the impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on deep-sea octocorals. Marine Ecology Progress Series 549: 89-98. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11697
- Guille A. 1981. Echinodermes: Ophiurides. In: Forest J. (ed.) Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM: 1. Philippines. Memoires ORSTOM 91: 413-456. Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris.
- Hendler G. 1988. Ophiuroid skeleton ontogeny reveals homologies among skeletal plates of adults: a study of Amphiura filiformis, Amphiura stimpsonii and Ophiophragmus filograneus (Echinodermata). The Biological Bulletin 174 (1): 20-29. https://doi.org/10.2307/1541755
- Hendler G. 2018. Armed to the teeth: a new paradigm for the buccal skeleton of brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea). Contributions in Science 526 (December): 189-311.
- Henkel T.P., Bruno J., Posey M. & Scharf F. 2008. Ecology of the Obligate Sponge-dwelling Brittlestar Ophiothrix lineata. PhD thesis, University of North Carolina Wilmington, USA.
- Hertz M. 1927. Die Ophiuroiden der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. I. Chilophiurida Matsumoto (Ophiolepididae, Ophioleucidae, Ophiodermatidae, Ophiocomidae). Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer Valdivia, 1898-1899 22 (3): 59-122.
- Hoareau T.B. & Boissin E. 2010. Design of phylum-specific hybrid primers for DNA barcoding: addressing the need for efficient COI amplification in the Echinodermata. Molecular Ecology Resources 10 (6): 960-967. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02848.x
- Hunter R.L., Brown L.M., Alexander Hill C., Kroeger Z.A. & Rose S.E. 2016. Additional insights into phylogenetic relationships of the Class Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from rRNA gene sequences. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 54 (4): 269-275. https://doi.org/10.1111/jzs.12135
- International Hydrographic Organization (I.H.O.) & Sieger R. 2012. Names of oceans and seas as digitized table.Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.777976
- Irimura S. 1991. Ophiuroidea.In: Imaoka T., Irimura S., Okutani T., Oguro C., Oji T. & Kanazawa K. (eds) Echinoderms from Continental Shelf and Slope Around Japan: The Intensive Research of Unexploited Fishery Resources on Continental Slopes. Japan Fisheries Resource Conservation Association, Tokyo.
- Kim D. & Shin S. 2015. A newly recorded basket star of genus Gorgonocephalus (Ophiuroidea: Euryalida: Gorgonocephalidae) from the East Sea, Korea. Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity 31 (4): 311-315. https://doi.org/10.5635/ased.2015.31.4.311
- Kimura M. 1980. A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution 16 (2): 111-120. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01731581
- Koehler R. 1895. Dragages profonds executes a bord du Caudan dans le Golfe de Gascogne. Rapport preliminaire sur le echinodermes. Revue biologique du Nord de la France 7: 439-49.
- Koehler R. 1897. Echinodermes recueillis par "l'Investigator" dans l'Ocean Indien. I. Les ophiures de mer profonde. Annales des Sciences naturelles Zoologie 8 (4): 277-372.
- Koehler R. 1899. An Account of the Deep-Sea Ophiuroidea Collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey. Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta.
- Koehler R. 1900. Note preliminaire sur les echinides et les ophiures de l'Expedition Antarctique Belge. Bulletin de l'Academie royale de Belgique 11 (3): 814-820.
- Koehler R. 1904. Ophiures de l'expedition du Siboga. Part 1. Ophiures de mer profonde. Siboga Expeditie 45A: 1-176.
- Koehler R. 1905. Ophiures de l'expedition du Siboga. Part 2. Ophiures littorales. Siboga Expeditie 45B: 1-140.
- Koehler R. 1907. Note preliminaire sur quelques asteries et ophiures provenant des campagnes de la Princesse Alice.Bulletin de l'Institut oceanographique 99: 1-47.
- Koehler R. 1922a. Ophiurans of the Philippine seas and adjacent waters. United States National Museum Bulletin 5 (100): 1-480.
- Koehler R. 1922b. Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea. Australasian Antarctic Expedition 1911-1914, Scientific Report Series C 8 (2): 5-98.
- Koehler R. 1930. Ophiures recueillies par le Docteur Th. Mortensen dans les Mers d'Australie et dans l'Archipel Malais. Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914-16. LIV. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening 89: 1-295.
- Kumar S., Stecher G. & Tamura K. 2016. MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution 33 (7): 1870-1874. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw054
- Kumar S., Stecher G., Li M., Knyaz C. & Tamura K. 2018. MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution 35 (6): 1547-1549. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096
- Lane D.J.W., Marsh L.M., VandenSpiegel D. & Rowe F.W.E. 2000. Echinoderm fauna of the South China Sea: an inventory and analysis of distribution patterns. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 48 (Suppl. 8): 459-493.
- Lee T., Stohr S., Jae Bae Y. & Shin S. 2019. A new fissiparous brittle star, Ophiacantha scissionis sp. nov. (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Ophiacanthida), from Jeju Island, Korea. Zoological Studies 58: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.6620/ZS.2019.58-08
- Li G. 1987. Deep-sea ophiurans in the South China Sea. Nanhai Studia Marina Sinica 8: 143-153.
- Li Q., Li Y., Na J., Han X., Paterson G.L.J., Liu K., Zhang D. & Qiu J.-W. 2021. Description of a new species of Histampica (Ophiuroidea: Ophiothamnidae) from cold seeps in the South China Sea and analysis of its mitochondrial genome. Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 178: e103658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2021.103658
- Li X. 2017. Taxonomic research on deep-sea macrofauna in the South China Sea using the Chinese deep-sea submersible Jiaolong. Integrative Zoology 12 (4): 270-282. https://doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.12254
- Liao Y. 2004. Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea. Fauna Sinica: Zoology of China Invertebrates 40. Science Press, Beijing.
- Liao Y. & Clark A.M. 1995. The Echinoderms of Southern China. Science Press, Beijing.
- Litvinova N.M. 1998. Two new species of the genus Ophiuraster (Ophiurinae, Ophiuroidea, Echinodermata) from French collections and some remarks on the genus. Zoosystema 20 (3): 439-444.
- Liu J., Liu H. & Zhang H. 2018. Phylogeny and evolutionary radiation of the marine mussels (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 126: 233-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.04.019
- Liu R. (ed.) 2008. Checklist of Marine Biota of China Seas. China Science Press 1267: 1-1289.
- Lutken C.F. & Mortensen T. 1889. Reports on an exploration off the west coasts of Mexico, Central and Southern America and off the Galapagos Islands. XXV. The Ophiuridae. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 23 (2): 97-208.
- Lyman T. 1869. Preliminary report on the Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae dredged in deep water between Cuba and Florida Reef. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 1: 309-354.
- Lyman T. 1875. Zoological Results of the Hassler Expedition. 2. Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae. Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 8 (2): 1-34.
- Lyman T. 1878. Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae of the "Challenger" expedition. Part I. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 5 (7): 65-168.
- Lyman T. 1879. Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae of the "Challenger" expedition. Part II. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 6 (2): 17-83.
- Lyman T. 1882. Report on the Ophiuroidea. Report of the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger 1873-76, Zoology 5 (1): 1-386.
- Lyman T. 1883. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Carribbean Sea (1878-79), and on the east coast of the United States, during the summer of 1880, by the U.S. coast survey steamer "Blake", commander J.R. Bartlett, U.S. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 10 (6): 227-287.
- Martynov A. 2010. Reassessment of the classification of the Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata), based on morphological characters. I. General character evaluation and delineation of the families Ophiomyxidae and Ophiacanthidae. Zootaxa 2697 (1): 1-54. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2697.1.1
- Matsumoto H. 1915. A new classification of the Ophiuroidea: with descriptions of new genera and species. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 67: 43-92.
- Matsumoto H. 1917. A monograph of Japanese Ophiuroidea, arranged according to a new classification. Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, Tokyo 38: 1-408.
- McKnight D.G. 2000. The marine fauna of New Zealand: basket-stars and snake-stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Euryalinida). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 115: 1-79.
- Mortensen T. 1924. Echinoderms of New Zealand and the Auckland-Campbell Islands. II. Ophiuroidea. Papers from Dr Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914-16. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening 77: 91-177.
- Mortensen T. 1936. Discovery Reports: Echinoidea and Ophiuroidea. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
- Muller J. & Troschel F.H. 1842.System der Asteriden. 1. Asteriae. 2. Ophiuridae. Vieweg, Braunschweig, Germany.
- Muths D., Davoult D., Gentil F. & Jollivet D. 2006. Incomplete cryptic speciation between intertidal and subtidal morphs of Acrocnida brachiata (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) in the Northeast Atlantic. Molecular Ecology 15 (11): 3303-3318. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03000.x
- Muths D., Jollivet D., Gentil F. & Davoult D. 2009. Large-scale genetic patchiness among NE Atlantic populations of the brittle star Ophiothrix fragilis. Aquatic Biology 5 (2): 117-132. https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00138
- Na J., Chen W., Zhang D., Zhang R., Lu B., Shen C., Zhou Y. & Wang C. 2022. Morphological description and population structure of an ophiuroid species from cobalt-rich crust seamounts in the Northwest Pacific: implications for marine protection under deep-sea mining. Acta Oceanologica Sinica 40: 79-89. https://doi.org/10.1007/S13131-020-1666-1
- OBIS 2021. Ocean Biodiversity Information System. Available from www.obis.org [accessed 15 Aug. 2021].
- O'Hara T.D. 2007. Seamounts: centres of endemism or species richness for ophiuroids? Global Ecology and Biogeography 16 (6): 720-732. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2007.00329.x
- O'Hara T.D. & Stohr S. 2006. Deep water Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) of New Caledonia : Ophiacanthidae and Hemieuryalidae. In: Richer de Forges B. & Justine J.-L. (ed.) Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos 24: 33-141. Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris.
- O'Hara T.D., Smith P.J., Mills V.S., Smirnov I. & Steinke D. 2013. Biogeographical and phylogeographical relationships of the bathyal ophiuroid fauna of the Macquarie Ridge, Southern Ocean. Polar Biology 36 (3): 321-333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-012-1261-9
- O'Hara T.D., Hugall A.F., Thuy B. & Moussalli A. 2014. Phylogenomic resolution of the class Ophiuroidea unlocks a global microfossil record. Current Biology 24 (16): 1874-1879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.06.060
- O'Hara T.D., Hugall A.F., Hunjan S., Nilsen R. & Moussalli A. 2016. An exon-capture system for the entire class Ophiuroidea. Molecular Biology and Evolution 33 (1): 281-294. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msv216
- O'Hara T.D., Hugall A.F., Thuy B., Stohr S. & Martynov A.V. 2017. Restructuring higher taxonomy using broad-scale phylogenomics: the living Ophiuroidea. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 107: 415-430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.006
- O'Hara T.D., Stohr S., Hugall A.F., Thuy B. & Martynov A. 2018. Morphological diagnoses of higher taxa in Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) in support of a new classification. European Journal of Taxonomy 416: 1-35. https://doi.org/ 10.5852/ejt.2018.416
- O'Hara T.D., Hugall A.F., Woolley S.N.C., Bribiesca-Contreras G. & Bax N.J. 2019. Contrasting processes drive ophiuroid phylodiversity across shallow and deep seafloors. Nature 565 (7741): 636- 639. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-0886-z
- Okanishi M. & Fujita T. 2013. Molecular phylogeny based on increased number of species and genes revealed more robust family-level systematics of the order Euryalida (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 69 (3): 566-580. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.07.021
- Okanishi M. & Fujita T. 2018a. A taxonomic review of the genus Astrodendrum (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Euryalida, Gorgonocephalidae) with description of a new species from Japan. Zootaxa 4392 (2): 289-310. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4392.2.4
- Okanishi M. & Fujita T. 2018b. Description of a new subfamily,Astrocloninae (Ophiuroidea : Euryalida : Gorgonocephalidae), based on molecular phylogeny and morphological observations. Zoological Science 35 (2): 179-187. https://doi.org/10.2108/zs170090
- Okanishi M., O'Hara T.D. &Fujita T.2011a.Molecular phylogeny of the order Euryalida (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), based on mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 61 (2): 392-399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2011.07.003
- Okanishi M., O'Hara T.D. & Fujita T. 2011b. A new genus Squamophis of Asteroschematidae (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Euryalida) from Australia. ZooKeys 129: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.129.1202
- Okanishi M.,Yamaguchi K.,Horii Y.&Fujita T.2011c.Ophiuroids of the Order Euryalida(Echinodermata) from Hachij'jima Island and Ogasawara Islands, Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Series B (Botany), Tokyo (47): 367-385.
- Okanishi M., Sentoku A., Martynov A. & Fujita T. 2018. A new cryptic species of Asteronyx Muller and Troschel, 1842 (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), based on molecular phylogeny and morphology, from off Pacific coast of Japan. Zoologischer Anzeiger 274: 14-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2018.03.001
- Olbers J.M., Griffiths C.L., O'Hara T.D. & Samyn Y. 2019. Field guide to the brittle and basket stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) of South Africa. Abc Taxa 19: 1-354. Available from http://www.abctaxa.be/volumes/volume_19_fieldguide-brittle-and-basket-stars [accessed 16 Feb. 2022].
- Palumbi S.R. 1996a. Nucleic Acids II: the polymerase chain reaction. In: Hillis D.M., Moritz C. & Mable B.K. (eds) Molecular Systematics: 205-247. Sinauer Press, Sunderland, MA, USA.
- Palumbi S.R. 1996b. What can molecular genetics contribute to marine biogeography? An urchin's tale. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 203 (1): 75-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(96)02571-3
- Paterson G.L.J. 1985. The deep-sea Ophiuroidea of the North Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) 49 (1): 1-162.
- Perez-Portela R., Almada V. & Turon X. 2013. Cryptic speciation and genetic structure of widely distributed brittle stars (Ophiuroidea) in Europe. Zoologica Scripta 42 (2): 151-169. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00573.x
- Putchakarn S. & Sonchaeng P. 2004. Echinoderm fauna of Thailand: history and inventory reviews. ScienceAsia 30: 417-428. https://doi.org/10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2004.30.417
- Richards V.P., DeBiasse M.B. & Shivji M.S. 2015. Genetic evidence supports larval retention in the Western Caribbean for an invertebrate with high dispersal capability (Ophiothrix suensonii: Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea). Coral Reefs 34 (1): 313-325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-014-1237-z
- Rodrigues C.F., Paterson G.L.J., Cabrinovic A. & Cunha M.R. 2011. Deep-sea ophiuroids (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiurida) from the Gulf of Cadiz (NE Atlantic). Zootaxa 2754 (1): 1-26. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2754.1.1
- Rodriguez F., Oliver J.L. & Marin A. 1990. The general stochastic model of nucleotide substitution. Journal of Theoretical Biology 142 (4): 485-501. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5193(05)80104-3
- Sands C.J., O'Hara T.D., Barnes D.K.A. & Martin-Ledo R. 2015. Against the flow: evidence of multiple recent invasions of warmer continental shelf waters by a Southern Ocean brittle star.Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 3: e63. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2015.00063
- Seno J. & Irimura S. 1968. Ophiuroidea collected from around the Ross Sea in 1964 with description of a new species. Journal of the Tokyo University of Fisheries 9 (2): 147-154.
- Sirenko B.I., Smirnov I.S., Stepanjants S.D., Poltaruha O.P. & Savinkin O.V. 2019. First record of symbiosis of the brittle star Ophiocnemis marmorata (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiotrichidae) on jellyfish of the genus Rhopilema (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) in Vietnamese waters. Zoosymposia 15 (1): 141-145. https://doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.15.1.16
- Stohr S. 2005. Who's who among baby brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea): postmetamorphic development of some North Atlantic forms. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 143 (4): 543- 576. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00155.x
- Stohr S. 2011. New records and new species of Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from Lifou, Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia. Zootaxa 50 (1): 1-50. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3089.1.1
- Stohr S. 2012. Ophiuroid (Echinodermata) systematics-where do we come from, where do we stand and where should we go? Zoosymposia 7 (1): 147-162. https://doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.7.1.14
- Stohr S. & O'Hara T.D. 2021. Deep-sea Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from the Danish Galathea II Expedition, 1950-52, with taxonomic revisions. Zootaxa 4963 (3): 505-529. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4963.3.6
- Stohr S., O'Hara T.D. & Thuy B. 2012. Global diversity of brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea). PLoS One 7 (3): e31940. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031940
- Stohr S., O'Hara T.& Thuy B. (eds) 2021.The World Ophiuroidea Database. https://doi.org/10.14284/358
- Studer T. 1884. Verzeichnis der wahrend der Reise S.M.S. 'Gazelle' um die Erde, 1874-76 gesammelten Asteriden und Euryaliden. Abhandlungen der preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 2: 1-64.
- Summers M.M. & Rouse G.W. 2014. Phylogeny of Myzostomida (Annelida) and their relationships with echinoderm hosts. BMC Evolutionary Biology 14 (1): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-014-0170-7
- Tavare S. 1986. Some probabilistic and statistical problems in the analysis of DNA sequences. American Mathematical Society: Lectures on Mathematics in the Life Sciences 17: 57-86.
- Teh L., Cashion T., Alava Saltos J., Cheung W. & Sumaila U. 2019. Status, Trends, and the Future of Fisheries in the East and South China Seas. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 27 (1): 1-101.
- Thompson J.D., Higgins D.G. & Gibson T.J. 1994. CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Research 22 (22): 4673-4680. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/22.22.4673
- Thomson C.W. 1873. The Depths of the Sea. Macmillan and Co., London. Thuy B. & Stohr S. 2016. A new morphological phylogeny of the Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) accords with molecular evidence and renders microfossils accessible for cladistics. PLoS One 11 (5): e156140. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156140
- Turner R.L., Boucher J.M., O'Neill B.O. & Becker N.W. 2021. Brittlestars with a bite: a new kind of pedicellaria in echinoderms. Zoomorphology 140 (4): 505-525. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00435-021-00542-4
- Ward R.D., Holmes B.H. & O'Hara T.D. 2008. DNA barcoding discriminates echinoderm species. Molecular Ecology Resources 8 (6): 1202-1211. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02332.x