Published March 4, 2022
| Version v1
Journal article
Restricted
Towards identification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) of continental Africa: 2. Checklists and keys to six archaeococcoid families
Creators
Description
Watson, Gillian W. (2022): Towards identification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) of continental Africa: 2. Checklists and keys to six archaeococcoid families. Zootaxa 5105 (3): 301-356, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5105.3.1
Files
Restricted
The record is publicly accessible, but files are restricted to users with access.
Linked records
Additional details
References
- Ahmed, M.Z., Ray, C.H., Moore, M.R. & Miller, D.R. (2020) The Matsucoccus Cockerell, 1909 of Florida (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Matsucoccidae): potential pests of Florida pines. Insecta Mundi, 0810, 1-31.
- Balachowsky, A.S. (1932) Etude biologique des coccides du bassin occidental de la Mediterranee. Encyclopedie Entomologique. Vol. XV. P. Lechevalier & Fils, Paris, 214 + LXVII pp.
- Bartlett, B.R. (1978) Ortheziidae. In: Clausen, C.P. (Ed.), Introduced Parasites and Predators of Arthropod Pests and Weeds: a World Review. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, pp. 136-137.
- Borchsenius, N.S. (1950) [Mealybugs and Scale Insects of USSR (Coccoidea).] Akademii Nauk SSSR. Vol. 32. Zoological Institute, Moscow, 250 pp.
- Borchsenius, N.S. (1960) [Fauna of USSR, Homoptera, Kermococcidae, Asterolecaniidae, Lecanidodiaspididae, Aclerdidae.] Akademiia Nauk SSSR. Series. Zoologicheskii Institut, Leningrad, 282 pp.
- Branco, M., Brito, O., Jactel, H., Mendel, Z. & Franco, J.C. (2002) Seasonal history of the maritime pine bast scale Matsucoccus feytaudi Ducasse (Hemiptera: Matsucoccidae) in Portugal. Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria e di Bachicoltura, Milano, 33 (3), 319-329. [2001]
- Chandra, A., Bhati, D.P.S. & Singh, K.M. (1987) Bionomics of mango mealy bug, Drosicha mangiferae Green (Margarodidae: Hemiptera). Bulletin of Entomology, 28 (2), 145-152.
- Choi, J. & Lee, S. (2022) Higher classification of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) inferred from molecular phylogeny and their endosymbionts. Systematic Entomology, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12534
- Danzig, E.M. & Gavrilov-Zimin, I.A. (2014) Palaearctic mealybugs (Homoptera: Coccinea: Pseudococcidae). Part 1. Subfamily Phenacoccinae. Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg, 678 pp.
- De Lotto, G. (1959) Two new Margarodidae (Homopt.: Coccoidea) from Kenya. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 22, 385-389.
- Duran, M. (1971) [The investigations on ground pearls (Margarodes (Porphyrophora) tritici Bod.) a grain pest in central Anatolia]. Bitki Koruma Bulteni. Ankara (Plant Protection Bulletin), Supplement 1, 1-80.
- Foldi, I. (1981) Margarodesia desmieri, n. gen. n. sp., cochenille Afro-tropicale nuisible au palmier a huile. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, 17, 331-335.
- Foldi, I. (1999) Diversite morphologique chez les cochenilles males des Margarodidae: l'exemple de Neomargarodes erythrocephala Green and Stigmacoccus asper Hempel (Hemiptera: Coccoidea). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, 35 (3/4), 319-327.
- Foldi, I. (2005a) Ground pearls: a generic revision of the Margarodidae sensu stricto (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, 41, 81-125. https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2005.10697442
- Foldi, I. (2005b) The Matsucoccidae in the Mediterranean basin with a world list of species (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, 40 (2), 145-168. [2004] https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2004.10697412
- Foldi, I. (2010) Trois especes nouvelles du genre Crypticerya Cockerell de la region mediterraneenne (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Monophlebidae). Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France, 115 (3), 289-304. https://doi.org/10.3406/bsef.2010.2686
- Garcia Morales, M., Denno, B.D., Miller, D.R., Miller, G.L., Ben-Dov, Y. & Hardy, N.B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http://scalenet.info (accessed 12 January 2022) https://doi.org/10.1093/database/bav118.
- Gavrilov-Zimin, I.A. (2017) Contribution to the cytogenetics of Kuwaniini scale insects (Homoptera, Coccinea, Margarodidae s.l.). Comparative Cytogenetics, 11 (4), 659-663. https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v11i4.20168
- Gavrilov-Zimin, I.A. (2018) Ontogenesis, morphology and higher classification of archaeocococcids (Homoptera: Coccinea: Orthezoiidea). Zoosystematica Rossica, 2018 (2), 1-264. https://doi.org/10.31610/zsr/2018.supl.2.1
- Gavrilov-Zimin, I.A. & Stekolshikov, A.V. (2018) A new species of the genus Steatococcus Ferris, 1921 (Homoptera, Coccinea: Margarodidae) with some additions to the fauna of the Republic of Mali. Entomological Review, 98 (7), 365-367. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0013873818070060
- Gill, R.J. (1993) The Scale Insects of California. Part 2. The Minor Families (Homoptera: Coccoidea). California Department of Food & Agriculture, Sacramento, California, 241 pp.
- Gonzalez, R.H. (1983) Manejo de plagas de la vid. Publicaciones en Ciencia Agricultura, Universidad de Chile, Facultad Ciencia Agrarias, Veterinarias, y Forestales, 13, 1-115.
- Green, E.E. (1922) The Coccidae of Ceylon. Part V. Dulau & Co., London, pp. 345-472.
- Gullan, P.J. & Cook, L.G. (2007) Phylogeny and higher classification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea). Zootaxa, 1668 (1), 413-425. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1668.1.22
- Hodgson, C.J. & Foldi, I. (2006) A review of the Margarodidae sensu Morrison (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) and some related taxa based on the morphology of adult males. Zootaxa, 1263 (1), 1-250. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1263.1.1
- Hodgson, C.J. & Hardy, N.B. (2013) The phylogeny of the superfamily Coccoidea (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) based on the morphology of extant and extinct macropterous males. Systematic Entomology, 38, 794-804. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12030
- Hughes-Schrader, S. (1930) Contributions to the life history of the iceryine coccids, with special reference to parthenogenesis and hermaphroditism. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 23, 359-380. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/23.2.359
- Hughes-Schrader, S. (1963) Hermaphroditism in an African coccid, with notes on other Margarodids (Coccoidea-Homoptera). Journal of Morphology, 113, 173-184. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051130205
- Karar, H., Arif, M.J., Sayyed, H.A., Saeed, S., Abbas, G. & Gogi, M.D. (2008) Integrated pest management of mango mealybug (Drosicha mangiferae) in mango orchards. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 11, 81-84.
- Kawai, S. (1980) Scale insects of Japan in colors. National Agricultural Education Association, Tokyo, 455 pp.
- Kinuthia, M.W. & Mwangi, R.W. (1988) Growth, development and life cycle of Icerya pattersoni (Newstead) (Homoptera: Margarodidae), a coffee pest in Kenya. Insect Science and its Application, 9 (1), 69-72. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742758400010055
- Klerk, C.A. de (2017) Identification, control and management of grapevine Margarodes. Viticulture research, Winetech Technical. Available from: https://www.wineland.co.za/identification-control-management-grapevine-margarodes/ (accessed 18 June 2021)
- Klerk, C.A. de, Ben-Dov, Y. & Giliomee, J.H. (1982) Redescriptions of four vine infesting species of Margarodes Guilding (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Margarodidae) from South Africa. Phytophylactica, 14, 61-76.
- Klerk, C.A. de, Ben-Dov, Y. & Giliomee, J.H. (1983) General morphology of South African species of Margarodes (Homoptera, Coccoidea, Margarodidae) with keys to nymphs and adult females. Phytophylactica, 15 (4), 133-144.
- Kondo, T. (2022a in press) 3. Archaeococcoids. In: Kondo, T. & Watson, G.W. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Scale Insect Pests. CAB International, Wallingford, p. 38.
- Kondo, T. (2022b in press) 4. Neococcoids. In: Kondo, T. & Watson, G.W. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Scale Insect Pests. CAB International, Wallingford, p. 117.
- Kondo, T. & Watson, G.W. (Eds.) (2022 in press) 3.7 Monophlebidae. In: Kondo, T. & Watson, G.W. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Scale Insect Pests. CAB International, Wallingford, pp. 86-108.
- Kondo, T., Peronti, A.L., Kozar, F. & Szita, E. (2013) Chapter 17. The citrus orthezia, Praelongorthezia praelonga (Douglas) (Hemiptera: Ortheziidae), a potential invasive species. In: Pena, J. (Ed.), Potential Invasive Pests of Agricultural Crops. CAB International, Wallingford, pp. 301-319. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845938291.0301
- Koteja, J. (1974) Comparative studies on the labium in the Coccinea (Homoptera). Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Rolniczej w Warszawie, Rozprawy Naukowe, 89, 1-162.
- Kosztarab, M.P. (1996) Scale insects of Northeastern North America. Identification, biology, and distribution. Virginia Museum of Natural History, Martinsburg, Virginia, 650 pp.
- Kosztarab, M. & Kozar, F. (1988) Scale Insects of Central Europe. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 456 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4045-1
- Kozar, F. (2004) Ortheziidae of the World. Plant Protection Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, 525 pp.
- Kozar, F. & Foldi, I. (2000) Matileortheziola angolaensis n. gen., n. sp. [Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Ortheziidae]. Revue francaise d'Entomologie, New Series, 22 (4), 251-254.
- Kozar, F. & Konczne Benedicty, Z. (2000) Revision of Newsteadia of the Australian and Pacific regions, with description of eleven new species (Homoptera: Coccoidea, Ortheziidae). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 46 (3), 197-229.
- Kozar, F. & Konczne Benedicty, Z. (2001) Ortheziola of Asia with the descriptions of three new species, and world distribution of the genus (Homoptera: Coccoidea, Ortheziidae). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 47 (1), 15-25.
- Kozar, F. & Miller, D.R. (2000) World revision of Ortheziola Sulc (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Ortheziidae) with descriptions of eleven new species. Systematic Entomology, 25, 15-45. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3113.2000.00090.x
- Macharia, I., Kibwage, P., Heya, H.M., Koome, F. Olubayo, D., Kinuthia, W. & Ouvrard, D. & Watson, G.W. (2021) Recent new records of scale insects and mealybugs in Kenya. EPPO Bulletin, 51 (3), 639-647. https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.12786
- McClure, M.S. (1977) Population dynamics of the red pine scale, Matsucoccus resinosae (Homoptera: Margarodidae): the influence of resinosis. Environmental Entomology, 6, 789-795. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/6.6.789
- McKenzie, H.L. (1967) Mealybugs of California with taxonomy, biology, and control of North American species (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae). University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 526 pp. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520338227
- Mendel, Z., Zehavi, A. & Zeidan, S. (1991) [Palaeococcus fuscipennis Burm. (Homoptera: Margarodidae), a new pest of pines in Israel.] Hassadeh, 71, 759-760. [In Hebrew]
- Mendel, Z., Assael, F., Zeidan, S. & Zehavi, A. (1998) Classical biological control of Palaeococcus fuscipennis (Burmeister) (Homoptera: Margarodidae) in Israel. Biological Control, 12, 151-157. https://doi.org/10.1006/bcon.1998.0621
- Miller, D.R. & Kozar, F. (2002) Systematic analysis of afrotropical Newsteadia (Hemiptera, Coccoidea: Ortheziidae) with descriptions of nine new species. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 37 (103), 201-250. https://doi.org/10.1556/APhyt.37.2002.1-3.23
- Miller, D., Rung, A., Parikh, G., Venable, G., Redford, A.J., Evans, G.A. & Gill, R.J. (2014) Scale Insects, Edition 2. USDA APHIS Identification Technology Program (ITP), Fort Collins, Colorado. Available from: http://idtools.org/id/scales/factsheet.php?name=6726 (accessed 15 February 2022)
- Mongue, A.J., Michaelides, S., Coombe, O., Tena, A., Kim, D-S., Normark, B.B., Hardner, A., Hoddle, M.S. & Ross, L. (2021) Sex, males, and hermaphrodites in the scale insect Icerya purchasi. Evolution. [published online] https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.04.281618
- Morrison, H. (1928) A classification of the higher groups and genera of the coccid family Margarodidae. United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin, 52, 1-239.
- Normark, B.B. (2003) The evolution of alternative genetic systems in insects. Annual Review of Entomology, 48, 397-423. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.48.091801.112703
- Normark, B.B., Okusu, A., Morse, G.E., Peterson, D.A., Itioka, T. & Schneider, S.A. (2019) Phylogeny and classification of armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae). Zootaxa, 4616 (1), 1-98. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4616.1.1
- Shivakumar, G. & Lakshmikantha, B.P. (2001) Biology of Orthezia insignis Browne (Ortheziidae: Homoptera) on coleus. Pest Management and Economic Zoology, 9 (2), 197-200.
- Sirisena, U.G.A.I., Watson, G.W., Hemachandra, K.S. & Wijayagunasekara, H.N.P. (2013) A modified technique for the preparation of specimens of Sternorrhyncha for taxonomic studies. Tropical Agricultural Research Journal, 24 (2), 139-149.
- Tang, F.T. (2000) [Neomargarodes (Coccoidea: Margarodidae) and a new species reported from China.] Wuyi Science Journal, 16, 1-5.
- Tang, F.T. & Hao, J.J. (1995) [The Margarodidae and others of China.] Chinese Agricultural Science Technology Press, Beijing, 738 pp.
- Vahedi, H.A. (2001) The biology of Porphyrophora tritici (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Margarodidae) and the effect of some farming practices on its populations in Kermanshah, Iran. Entomologica, 33 (1999), 357-363.
- Unruh, C.M. & Gullan, P.J. (2008) Identification guide to species in the scale insect tribe Iceryini (Coccoidea: Monophlebidae). Zootaxa, 1803 (1), 1-106. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1803.1.1
- Vahedi, H.A. & Hodgson, C.J. (2007) Some species of the hypogeal scale insect Porphyrophora Brandt (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Margarodidae) from Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. Systematics and Biodiversity, 5 (1), 23-122. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200006002039
- Vayssiere, P. (1926) Contribution a l'etude biologique et systematique des Coccidae. Annales des Epiphyties, 12, 187-382.
- Vayssiere, P. (1932) Monophlebines et pseudococcines de l'Afrique du Nord. Hem. Coccidae. Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France, 37, 24-28. https://doi.org/10.3406/bsef.1932.14365
- Vayssiere, P. (1957) Monophlebines nuisible au cotonnier et a l'arachide en Afrique (Homoptera, Coccidae). Bulletin Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 33, 1-8.
- Vayssiere, P. (1968) Une cochenille nouvelle, Afrodrosicha nimbae n. g., n. sp., (Margarodidae) du Mont Nimba (Guinee). Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Ser. A) Science Naturelles, 30, 1493-1500.
- Vea, I.M. & Grimaldi, D.A. (2016) Putting scales into evolutionary time: the divergence of major scale insect lineages (Hemiptera) predates the radiation of modern angiosperm hosts. Scientific Reports, 6 (23487), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep23487
- Watson, G.W. (2002) Arthropods of economic importance: Diaspididae of the world. An illustrated identification guide and information source. CD-ROM. Expert Center for Taxonomic Identification (ETI), University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ISBN-13: 978-9231700033; ISBN-10: 9231700030. Available from: https://diaspididae.linnaeus.naturalis.nl/linnaeus_ng/app/views/introduction/topic.php?id=3377&epi=155 (accessed 12 February 2021)
- Watson, G.W. (2021) A checklist of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) of Kenya. Zootaxa, 5060 (4), 515-532. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.4.3
- Watson, G.W. & Chandler, L.R. (2000) Identification of mealybugs important in the Caribbean region. Second edition (revised). CABI Bioscience, Egham, 40 pp.
- Watson, G.W. & Ouvrard, D. (2021) Towards the identification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) of continental Africa: 1. Identification of the families. Zootaxa, 5052 (2), 151-190. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5052.2.1
- Watson, G.W., Ouvrard, D., Kasina, M., Achieng, J.C., Githae, M.M., Mulwa, J., Kinuthia, W., Macharia, I., Heya, H.M. & Polaszek, A. (2021) New scale insect country records for Kenya (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) from old samples in insect collections. African Phytosanitary Journal, 2 (2), 72-104.
- Williams, D.J. & Watson, G.W. (1990) The Scale Insects of the Tropical South Pacific Region. Pt. 3. The Soft Scales (Coccidae) and Other Families. CAB International, Wallingford, 267 pp.
- Williams, D.J., Gullan, P.J., Miller, D.R., Matile-Ferrero, D. & Han, S.I. (2011) A study of the scale insect genera Puto Signoret (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Putoidae) and Ceroputo Sulc (Pseudococcidae) with a comparison to Phenacoccus Cockerell (Pseudococcidae). Zootaxa, 2802 (1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2802.1.1
- Wu, S.A., Nan, N., Gullan, P. & Deng, J. (2013) The taxonomy of the Japanese oak red scale insect, Kuwania quercus (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Kuwaniidae), with a generic diagnosis, a key to species and description of a new species from California. Zootaxa, 3630 (2), 291-307. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3630.2.5