Biodiversity Literature Repository
Published April 17, 2018 | Version v1
Journal article Restricted

Canis aureus (Carnivore: Canidae)

Creators

  • 1. Box 2013, Arusha, Tanzania; EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY 1001-2320, USA;
  • 2. Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063, USA;

Description

Moehlman, Patricia D., Hayssen, Virginia (2018): Canis aureus (Carnivore: Canidae). Mammalian Species 50 (957): 14-25, DOI: 10.1093/mspecies/sey002, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mspecies/sey002

Files

Restricted

The record is publicly accessible, but files are restricted to users with access.

Linked records

Additional details

Identifiers

LSID
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9FC747F8-BAA4-4E2A-BC5B-53A20A0A03FA
LSID
urn:lsid:plazi.org:pub:FFE8FF95AE11263519745504FF950F6E
URL
http://publication.plazi.org/id/FFE8FF95AE11263519745504FF950F6E

Cites
Publication: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T3744A10054631.en (DOI)
Publication: 10.1155/2016/6178940 (DOI)
Has part
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4591937 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D187EDAE11263D1864512DFBEE0CD6 (URL)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.4592352 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.4573462 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.4573464 (DOI)
Is source of
Dataset: http://www.gbif.org/dataset/519214ff-8e86-437c-b155-6dc89e87cad3 (URL)

References

  • ADMASU, E., S. J. THIRGOOD, A. BEKELE, AND K. M. LAURENSON. 2004. Spatial ecology of golden jackal in farmland in the Ethiopian highlands. African Journal of Ecology 42:144-152.
  • ALEXANDER, K. A., P. W. KAT, R. K. WAYNE, AND T. K. FULLER. 1994. Serologic survey of selected canine pathogens among free-ranging jackals in Kenya. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 30:486-491.
  • ALLEN, G. M. 1939. A checklist of African mammals. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 83:1-763.
  • AMBARLI, H., AND C. BILGIN. 2012. First record of a melanistic golden jackal (Canis aureus, Canidae) from Turkey. Mammalia 77:219-222.
  • AMROUN, N., P. GIRAUDOUX, AND P. DELLATRE. 2006. A comparative study of the diets of two sympatric carnivores - the golden jackal (Canis aureus) and the common genet (Genetta genetta) - in Kabylia, Algeria. Mammalia 70:247-254.
  • ARNOLD, J., A. HUMER, M. HELTAI, D. MURARIU, N. SPASSOV, AND K. HaCKLANDER. 2012. Current status and distribution of golden jackals Canis aureus in Europe. Mammal Review 42:1-11.
  • BARDELEBEN, C., R. L.MOORE, AND R. K.WAYNE. 2005.A molecular phylogeny of the Canidae based on six nuclear loci. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 37:815-831.
  • BERDYEVA, A. T. 1998. Dracunculiasis eradication in Turkmenistan. Country Report by the Ministry of Health, Turkmenistan.
  • BLAGA, R., C. GHERMAN, D. SEUCOM, V. COZMA, AND P. BOIREAU. 2008. First identification of Trichinella sp. in golden jackal (Canis aureus) in Romania. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 44:457-459.
  • BORKOWSKI, J., A. ZALEWSKI, AND R. MANOR. 2011. Diet composition of golden jackals in Israel. Annales Zoologici Fennici 48:106-118.
  • BRUSINA, S. 1892. Cagalj balkanski (Canis aureus balcanicus Brus n. form.) iz Slavonije. Glasnik Hrvatskoga Naravoslovnoga Drustva Zagreb 7:316-317.
  • CABRERA, A. 1921. Algunos carnivoros africanos nuevos. Boletin de la Real Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural, Madrid 21:261-264.
  • CIROVIC, D., I. PAVLOVIC, A. PENEZIC, Z. KULIsIC, AND S. SELAKOVIC. 2015. Levels of infection of intestinal helminth species in the golden jackal Canis aureus from Serbia. Journal of Helminthology 89:28-33.
  • CLUTTON- BROCK, J., G. B. CORBET, AND M. HILLS. 1976. A review of the family Canidae, with a classification by numerical methods. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology 29:1-199.
  • COETZEE, C. G. 1977. Order Carnivora. Part 8. Pp. 1-42 in The mammals of Africa: an identification manual (J. Meester and H. W Setzer, eds.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.
  • COHEN, T.M., R.KING,A.D OLEV,A.B OLDO, A.L ICHTER- PELED, AND G. K.BAR- GAL. 2013. Genetic characterization of populations of the golden jackal and the red fox in Israel. Conservation Genetics 14:55-63.
  • CRETZSCHMAR, P. J. 1826. Atlas zu der Reise im nordlichen Afrika von Eduard Ruppell. Erste Abtheilung Zoologie. Gedruckt und in Commission bei Heinr. Ludw. Bronner, Frankfurt, Germany.
  • CUVIER, F. 1820. Le chacal du Senegal, femelle. Pp. 1-3 in Histoire naturelle des mammiferes, avec des figures dessinees d'apres les animaux vivants, tome duexieme (E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. Cuvier, eds.). A. Belin, Paris, France. 1824 on title page but material on the jackal is June 1820.
  • DIXSON, A. F. 1995. Baculum length and copulatory behaviour in carnivores and pinnipeds (Grand Order Ferae). Journal of Zoology (London) 235:67-76.
  • DUBEY, J. P., ET AL. 2010. Toxoplasmosis in sand cats (Felis margarita) and other animals in the Breeding Centre for Endangered Arabian Wildlife in the United Arab Emirates and Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation, the State of Qatar. Veterinary Parasitology 172:195-203.
  • DURANT, S., M. E. CRAFT, R. HILBORN, S. BASHIR, J. HANDO, AND L. THOMAS. 2011. Long-term trends in carnivore abundance using distance sampling in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. Journal of Applied Ecology 48:1490-1500.
  • EHIK, J. 1938. Sakal vagy nadifarkas hazankbol [Jackal or reed-wolf from Hungary]. Annales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, Pars Zoological 31:11-15.
  • EISENBERG, J. F., AND M. LOCKHART. 1972. An ecological reconnaissance of Wilpattu National Park, Ceylon. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 101:1-118.
  • ELLERMAN, J. R., AND T. C. S. MORRISON- SCOTT. 1951. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, United Kingdom.
  • EWER, R. F. 1956. The fossil carnivores of the Transvaal caves: Canidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 126:97-120.
  • FABBRI, E., ET AL. 2014. Genetic structure and expansion of golden jackals (Canis aureus) in the north-western distribution range (Croatia and eastern Italian Alps). Conservation Genetics 15:187-199.
  • FERGUSON, W. W. 1981. The systematic position of Canis aureus lupaster (Carnivora: Canidae) and the occurrence of Canis lupus in North Africa, Egypt and Sinai. Mammalia 45:459-465.
  • FLOWER, S. S. 1932. Notes on the recent mammals of Egypt, with a list of the species recorded from that kingdom. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1932:369-450.
  • FERGUSON, W. W. 2002. The mammals of Israel. Gefen Publishing, Jeruslaem, Israel.
  • FULLER, T. K., A. R. BIKNEVICIUS, P. W. KAT, B. VAN VALKENBURGH, AND R. K. WAYNE. 1989. The ecology of three sympatric jackal species in the Rift Valley of Kenya. African Journal of Ecology 27:313-323.
  • GALOV, A., ET AL. 2015. First evidence of hybridization between golden jackal (Canis aureus) and domestic dog (Canis familiaris) as revealed by genetic markers. Royal Society Open Science 2:150450.
  • GAUBERT, P., ET AL. 2012. Reviving the African wolf Canis lupus lupaster in North and West Africa: a mitochondrial lineage ranging more than 6,000 km wide. PLoS One 7:e42740.
  • GEOFFROY SAINT- HILAIRE, I. 1835. Expedition scientifique de Moree. Section des sciences physiques. Tome III, 1st Partie. Zoologie. Premiere section, des animaux vertebres. Mammiferes et oiseaux. F.G. Levrault, Paris, France.
  • GIANNATOS, G., Y. MARINOS, P. MARAGOU, AND G. CATSADORAKIS. 2005. The status of the golden jackal (Canis aureus) in Greece. Belgian Journal of Zoology 135:145-149.
  • Ginsberg, J. R., AND D. W. Macdonald (eds.). 1990. Foxes, wolves, jackals, and dogs. An action plan for the conservation of canids. International Union for the Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland.
  • GOLANI, I., AND A. KELLER. 1975. A longitudinal field study of the behavior of a pair of golden jackals. Pp. 303-335 in The wild canids (M. W. Fox, ed.). Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
  • GOLANI, I., AND H. MENDELSSOHN. 1971. Sequences of precopulatory behaviour of the jackal (Canis aureus L.). Behaviour 38:169-192.
  • HAMILTON SMITH, C. 1839. The natural history of dogs: Canidae or genus Canis of authors; including also the genera Hyaena and Proteles. Pp. 77-267 in Jardine's naturalist library. Volume 18. Mammalia. Dogs. Volume 1 (W. Jardine, ed.). W. H. Lizars, Edinburgh, Scotland.
  • HATT, R. T. 1959. The mammals of Iraq. Miscellaneous Publications of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 106:1-113.
  • HELLER, E. 1914. New subspecies of mammals from equatorial Africa. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 63:1-12.
  • HEMPRICH, F. G., AND C. G. EHRENBERG. 1830 (1833). Symbolae physicae, seu icones et descriptiones mammalium quae ex itinere per Africam borealem et Asiam occidentalem. Zoologica I, Mammalium, pt. 2. Ex Officina Academica, venditur a Mittlero, Berlin, Germany.
  • HEMPRICH, F. G., AND C. G. EHRENBERG. 1833. Symbolae Physicae, seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itin eribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis sumptu. Signature ff. Ex Officina Academica, venditur a Mittlero, Berlin, Germany.
  • HILZHEIMER, M. 1906a. Papio mundamensis, Felis deliensis, Canis reissii und andre neue Saugetiere. Zoologischer Anzeiger 30:109-118.
  • HILZHEIMER, M. 1906b. Die geographische Verbreitung der Afrikanischen Grauschakale. Zoologischer Beobachter 47:363-373.
  • HODGSON, B. H. 1833. Description of the wild dog of the Himalaya. Asiatic Research 18:221-237.
  • HOOIJER, D. A. 1961. The fossil vertebrates of Ksar'Akil, a Paleolithic rockshelter in Lebanon. Zoologische Verhandelingen 49:1-68.
  • JAEGER, M. M., E. HAQUE, P. SULTANA, AND R. L. BRUGGERS. 2007. Daytime cover, diet and space-use of golden jackals (Canis aureus) in agroecosystems of Bangladesh. Mammalia 71:1-10.
  • JAEGER, M. M., R. K. PANDIT, AND E. HAQUE. 1996. Season differences in territorial behavior by golden jackals in Bangladesh: howling versus confrontation. Journal of Mammalogy 77:768-775.
  • JERDON, T. C. 1984.A hand book of the mammals of India.Mittal Publishers, Delhi, India.
  • JHALA, Y., AND P. D. MOEHLMAN. 2004. Golden jackal (Canis aureus). Pp. 156-160 in Canids: foxes, wolves, jackals and dogs. Status survey and conservation action plan (C. Sillero-Zubiri, C. M. Hoffmann, and D. W. Macdonald, eds.). IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland.
  • JHALA, Y., AND P. D. MOEHLMAN. 2008. Canis aureus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e.T3744A10054631. http://dx.doi. org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T3744A10054631.en. Accessed 19 May 2016.
  • KHIDAS, K. 1990. Contribution a la connaissance du chacal dore. Facteurs modulant l'organisation sociale et territorial de la sous-espece algerienne (Canis aureus algirensis Wagner, 1841). Mammalia 54:361-375.
  • KINGDON, J. 1977. East African mammals. An atlas of evolution in East Africa. Volume IIIA: carnivores. Academic Press, London, United Kingdom.
  • KOEPFLI, K.-P., ET AL. 2015. Genome-wide evidence reveals that African and Eurasian golden jackals are distinct species. Current Biology 25:2158-2165.
  • KOLENATI, F. A. 1858. Reiseerinnerungen. Die Bereisung Hocharmeniens und Elisabethopols, der Schekinschen Provinz und des Kasbek im Central-Kaukasus. Verlagsbuchhandlung von Rudolf Kuntze, Dresden, Germany.
  • KRETZOI, M. 1947. New names for mammals (Notes on nomenclature No. 3). Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 40:285-287.
  • KROFEL, M. 2007. Golden jackals (Canis aureus L.) on the Peljesac Peninsula (southern Dalmatia, Croatia). Natura Croatica 16:201-204.
  • KROFEL, M. 2008. Survey of golden jackals (Canis aureus L.) in northern Dalmatia, Croatia: preliminary results. Natura Croatia 17:259-264.
  • KRUUK, H. 1972. The spotted hyena. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois.
  • KRYsTUFEK, B., D. MURARIU, AND C. KURTONUR. 1997. Present distribution of the golden jackal Canis aureus in the Balkans and adjacent regions. Mammal Review 27:109-114.
  • KURTEN, B. 1974. A history of coyote-like dogs (Canidae, Mammalia).Acta Zoologica Fennica 140:1-38.
  • LAHMAR, S., ET AL. 2009. Echinococcus in the wild carnivores and stray dogs of northern Tunisia: the results of a pilot survey. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 103:323-331.
  • LANSZKI, J., M. HELTAI, AND L. SZABo. 2006. Feeding habits and trophic niche overlap between sympatric golden jackal (Canis aureus) and red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in the Pannonian ecoregion (Hungary). Canadian Journal of Zoology 84: 1647-1656.
  • LAPINI, L., P. MOLINARI, L. DORIGO, G. ARE, AND P. BERALDO. 2009. Reproduction of the golden jackal (Canis aureus moreoticus I. Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 1835) in Julian Pre-Alps, with new data on its range-expansion in the High-Adriatic Hinterland. Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia 60:169-186.
  • VAN LAWICK, H., AND J. VAN LAWICK- GOODALL. 1970. Innocent killers. Collins, London, United Kingdom.
  • LEWIS, R. E., J. H. LEWIS, AND S. I. ATALLAH. 1968. A review of Lebanese mammals. Carnivora, Pinnipedia, Hyracoidea and Artiodactyla. Journal of Zoology (London) 154:517-531.
  • LINNAEUS, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Volume 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, Sweden.
  • L. M. ISAEV INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY. 1998. Dracunculiasis eradication in Uzbekistan. Country Report to the Ministry of Health, Uzbekistan.
  • LORENZ, L. 1906. Uber zwei neue Schakale aus Nordostafrika aus der Sammlung des Freiherrn C. von Erlanger. Anzeiger, Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Mathematisch- Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 43:306-310.
  • MACDONALD, D. W. 1979. The flexible social system of the golden jackal, Canis aureus. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 5:17-38.
  • MACDONALD, D. W., AND P. D. MOEHLMAN. 1983. Cooperation, altruism, and restraint in the reproduction of carnivores. Pp. 433-467 in Perspectives in ethology (P. Bateson and P. Klopfer, eds.). Plenum Press, New York.
  • MADDOCK, L. 1979. The "migration" and grazing succession. Pp. 104-129 in Serengeti, dynamics of an ecosystem (A. R. E. Sinclair and M. Norton-Griffiths, eds.). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois.
  • MALEZ, V. 1984. The zooarcheological data as the base of colonizing the Markova cave on the island of Hvar. Pp. 617-621 in 9th Yugoslavian speleological congress proceedings, Yugoslavia (in Croatian).
  • MARKOV, G., AND J. LANSZKI. 2012. Diet composition of the golden jackal, Canis aureus in an agricultural environment.Folia Zoologica 61:44-48.
  • MATSCHIE, P. 1900. Herr Matschie sprach uber den Schakal des Menam-Gebietes in Siam. Sitzungs-Berichte der Gesellschaft der Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 3:144-145.
  • MOEHLMAN, P. D. 1983. Socioecology of silverbacked and golden jackals (Canis mesomelas and Canis aureus). Pp. 423-453 in Advances in the study of mammalian behavior (J. F. Eisenberg and D. G. Kleiman, eds.). American Society of Mammalogists Special Publications, Lawrence, Kansas.
  • MOEHLMAN, P. D. 1986. Ecology of cooperation in canids. Pp. 64-86 in Ecological aspects of social evolution (D. I. Rubenstein and R. W. Wrangham, eds.). Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
  • MOEHLMAN, P. D. 1989. Intraspecific variation in canid social systems. Pp. 143-163 in Carnivore behavior, ecology, and evolution (J. L. Gittleman, ed.). Chapman & Hall, London, United Kingdom.
  • MOEHLMAN, P. D., AND H. HOFER. 1997. Cooperative breeding, reproductive suppression, and body mass in canids. Pp. 76-128 in Cooperative breeding in mammals (N. G. Soloman and J. A. French, eds.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
  • MOEHLMAN, P. D., AND Y. V. JHALA. 2013. Canis aureus golden jackal (Asiatic jackal, common jackal). Pp. 35-38 in Mammals of Africa, volume 5 (J. Kingdom, D. Happold, T. Butynski, M. Hoffman, M. Happold, and J. Kalina, eds.). Bloomsbury Publishing, London, United Kingdom.
  • MOFARED, A. L. 2013. Macro-anatomical investigation of the skull of golden jackal (Canis aureus) and its clinical application during regional anesthesia. Global Veterinaria 10:547-550.
  • MOJSISOVICO, A. 1897. Das Thierleben der Osterreichisch-Ungarischen Tiefebenen. Biologische und thiergeographische Skizzen und Bilder. A. Holder, Wien, Austria.
  • MORRISON- SCOTT, T. C. S. 1939. Some Arabian mammals collected by Mr. H. St. J. B. Philby, C. I. E. Novitates Zoologicae 41:181-211.
  • MUKHERJEE, S., S. P.GOYAL, A. J.T.J OHNSINGH, AND M.R.P.LEITE PITMAN. 2004. The importance of rodents in the diet of jungle cat (Felis chaus), caracal (Caracal caracal) and golden jackal (Canis aureus) in Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan, India. Journal of Zoology (London) 262:405-411.
  • MULLER- USING, D. 1975. Jackals. Pp. 236-242 in Grzimek's animal life encyclopedia (B. Grzimek, ed.). Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York.
  • NOACK, T. 1896. I. Wissenschaftliche Mittheilungen. 1. Ein neuer Steinbock und ein neuer (?) [sic] Canide aus Arabien. Zoologischer Anzeiger 19:353-356.
  • NOACK, T. 1897. Ostafrikanische Schakale. Zoologischer Anzeiger 20:517-521.
  • OLARTE- CASTILLO, X. A., ET AL. 2015. Molecular characterization of canine kobuvirus in wild carnivores and the domestic dog in Africa.Virology 477:89-97.
  • OSBORN, D. J., AND I. HELMY. 1980. The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai). Fieldiana Zoology, New Series 5:1-579.
  • PALMQVIST, P., M. MENDOZA, A. ARRIBAS, AND D. R. GRoCKE. 2002. Estimating the body mass of Pleistocene canids: discussion of some methodological problems and a new 'taxon free' approach. Lethaia 35:358-360.
  • PATTON, W. S. 1910. Preliminary report on a new piroplasm (Piroplasma gibsoni sp. nov.) found in the blood of the hounds of the Madras Hunt and subsequently discovered in the blood of the jackal Canis aureus. Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie Exotique 3:274-280.
  • PERINI, F. A., C. A. M. RUSSO, AND C. G. SCHRAGO. 2010. The evolution of South American endemic canids: a history of rapid diversification and morphological parallelism. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 23:311-322.
  • POCHE, R. M., S. J. EVANS, P. SULTANA, M. E. HAGUE, R. STERNER, AND M. A. SIDDIQUE. 1987. Notes on the golden jackal (Canis aureus) in Bangladesh. Mammalia 51:259-270.
  • POCOCK, R. I. 1938. The jackals of S.W. Asia and S.E. Europe. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 108:37-40.
  • PRATER, S. 1971. The book of Indian animals. Bombay Natural History Society, Bombay, India.
  • QUMSIYEH, M. B. 1996. Mammals of the Holy Land. Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock.
  • RAICHEV, E. 2011. Effect of shooting on the structure of population of golden jackal (Canis aureus L.) in Sarnena Sredna Gora Mountain. Agricultural Science and Technology 3:276-280.
  • ROELKE- PARKER, M. E., ET AL. 1996. A canine distemper virus epidemic in Serengeti lions (Panthera leo). Nature 379:441-445.
  • ROSEVEAR, D. R. 1974. The carnivores of West Africa. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, United Kingdom.
  • ROTEM, G., H. BERGER, R. KING, P. B. (KUTIEL) [SIC], AND D. SALTZ. 2011. The effect of anthropogenic resources on the space-use patterns of golden jackals. Journal of Wildlife Management 78:132-136.
  • RUENESS, E. K., ET AL. 2011. The cryptic African wolf: Canis aureus lupaster is not a golden jackal and is not endemic to Egypt. PLoS One 6:e16385.
  • RUTKOWSKI, R., ET AL. 2015. A European concern? Genetic structure and expansion of golden jackals (Canis aureus) in Europe and the Caucasus. PLoS One 10:e0141236.
  • SALEH, M. A., AND M. I. BASUONY. 2014. Mammals of the genus Canis Linnaeus, 1758 (Canidae, Carnivora) in Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Zoology 62:49-92.
  • SAVAGE, R. J. 1977. Evolution in carnivorous mammals. Paleontology 20:237-271.
  • SEITZ, V. A. 1959. Beobachtungen an Handaufgezogenen Goldschakalen (Canis aureus aligirensis). Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie 16:747-771.
  • SHAMIR, M., ET AL. 2001. Antibodies to selected canine pathogens and infestation with intestinal helminths in golden jackals (Canis aureus) in Israel. Veterinary Journal 162:66-72.
  • SHAW, G. 1800. General zoology or systematic natural history. Volume 1, part 2. G. Kearsley, London, United Kingdom.
  • SINGH, A. N. 1983. A study of diverse prey species of python (Python molurus) with special reference to its interaction with jackal (Canis aureus). Tigerpaper 10:31-32.
  • SHELDON, J. W. 1992. Wild dogs: the natural history of the non-domestic Canidae. Academic Press, Chicago, Illinois.
  • SOMMER, R., AND N. BENECKE. 2005. Late-Pleistocene and early Holocene history of the canid fauna of Europe (Canidae). Mammalian Biology 70:227-241.
  • SPASSOV, N. 1989. The position of jackals in the Canis genus and lifehistory of the golden jackal (Canis aureus L.) in Bulgaria and the Balkans. Historia Naturalis Bulgarica, Sofia 1:44-56.
  • STOYANEV, S. 2012. Craniometric differentiation of golden jackals (Canis aureus L., 1758) in Bulgaria. Pp. 39-47 in International symposium on hunting, modern aspects of sustainable management of game populations, Zemun-Belgrade, Serbia.
  • TALMI- FRANK, D., ET AL. 2010. Leishmania tropica infection in golden jackals and red foxes, Israel. Emerging Infectious Diseases 16:1973-1975.
  • TEMU, S. E., C. L. NAHONYO, and P. D. MOEHLMAN. 2016. Comparative foraging efficiency of two sympatric jackals, silver-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) and golden jackals (Canis aureus), in the Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania. International Journal of Ecology, Article ID 6178940, 5 pages. doi:10.1155/2016/6178940
  • TEMU, S. E., C. L. NAHONYO, and P. D. MOEHLMAN. 2017. Hunting of a bat-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis) and an adult Thomson's gazelle (Eudorcas thomsoni) by golden jackals (Canis aureus) in the Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania. African Journal of Ecology. 55:386-387.
  • THOMAS, O. 1903. On some mammals collected by Capt. H. N. Dunn, R. A. M. C., in the Soudan. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 103:294-300.
  • THOMAS, O. 1911. The mammals of the tenth edition of Linnaeus; an attempt to fix the types of the genera and the exact bases and localities of the species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1911:120-158.
  • ToTH, T., L. KRECSaK, E. SZuCS, M. HELTAI, AND G. HUSZaR. 2009. Records of the golden jackal (Canis aureus Linnaeus, 1758) in Hungary from 1800th until 2007, based on a literature survey. North-Western Journal of Zoology 5:386-405.
  • TROUWBORST, A., M.K ROFEL, AND J. D. C.LINNELL. 2015. Legal implications of range expansions in a terrestrial carnivore: the case of the golden jackal (Canis aureus) in Europe. Biodiversity and Conservation 24:2593-2610.
  • VAN VALKENBURGH, B. 2009. Costs of carnivory: tooth fracture in Pleistocene and Recent carnivorans. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 96:68-81.
  • VAN VALKENBURGH, B., AND R. K. WAYNE. 1994. Shape divergence associated with size convergence in sympatric East African jackals. Ecology 75:1567-1581.
  • WAGNER, A. 1829. Oken's Isis 9:986-989.
  • WAGNER, J. A. 1841. Schreber's Die Saugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen, Supplementary Volume 2. Wolfgang Walther, Erlangen, Germany.
  • WANDRY, R. 1975. Contribution to the study of the social behaviour of captive golden jackals (Canis aureus L.). Tierpsychol 39:365-402.
  • WALTON, O. R., AND D. O. JOLY. 2003. Canis mesomelas. Mammalian Species 715:1-9.
  • WEIGL, R. 2005. Longevity of mammals in captivity; from the living collections of the world. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, Germany.
  • WOZENCRAFT, W. C. 2005. Order Carnivora. Pp. 532-628 in Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference (D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder, eds.). 3rd ed. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland.
  • WROUGHTON, R. C. 1916. Scientific results of the mammal survey. (E) The Indian jackals. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 24:649-655.
  • WURSTER, D. H., AND K. BENIRSCHKE. 1968. Comparative cytogenetic studies in the order Carnivora. Chromosoma 24:336-382.
  • WYMAN, J. 1967. The jackals of the Serengeti. Animals 10:79-83.
  • YOM- TOV, Y., S. ASHKENAZI, AND O. VINER. 1995. Cattle predation by the golden jackal Canis aureus in the Golan Heights, Israel. Biological Conservation 73:19-22.
  • YUMNAM, B., T. NEGI, J. E. MALDONADO, R. C. FLEISCHER, AND Y.V. JHALA. 2015. Phylogeography of the golden jackal (Canis aureus) in India. PLoS One 10:e0138497.
  • ZACHOS, F. E., ET AL. 2009. Genetic variability, differentiation, and founder effect in golden jackals (Canis aureus) from Serbia as revealed by mitochondrial DNA and nuclear microsatellite loci. Biochemical Genetics 47:241-250.