Biodiversity Literature Repository
Published October 24, 2017 | Version v1
Journal article Open

Polar bear foraging behavior during the ice-free period in western Hudson Bay: observations, origins, and potential significance

Creators

Description

Gormezano, Linda J., Ellis-Felege, Susan N., Iles, David T., Barnas, Andrew, Rockwell, Robert F. (2017): Polar bear foraging behavior during the ice-free period in western Hudson Bay: observations, origins, and potential significance. American Museum Novitates 2017 (3885): 1-28, DOI: 10.1206/3885.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1206/3885.1

Files

source.pdf

Files (10.7 MB)

Name Size Download all
md5:139e71a195a866f7a0746dac028df588
10.7 MB Preview Download

Linked records

Additional details

Identifiers

LSID
urn:lsid:plazi.org:pub:FF9EFFA1FFA8FFF7A074FFACFF8DFF88

Cites
Publication: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003345] (DOI)
Publication: 10.1186/1472-6785-13-51] (DOI)
Publication: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128520] (DOI)
Publication: 10.1093/conphys/cow045] (DOI)
Publication: 10.1371/journalpone.155980] (DOI)
Publication: 10.1111/acv.12045] (DOI)
Has part
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.4566292 (DOI)
Dataset: http://table.plazi.org/id/DF716647FFADFFF2A018FF4CFCB3FE9E (URL)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.4566294 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.4566296 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.4566300 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.4585354 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.4566302 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.4566304 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.4566306 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.4566310 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.4566312 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.4566314 (DOI)

References

  • Abraham, K.F., P. Mineau, and F. Cooke. 1977. Unusual predators of snow goose eggs. Canadian-Field Naturalist 91: 317-318.
  • Agosta, S.J., and J.A. Klemens. 2008. Ecological fitting by phenotypically flexible genotypes: implications for species associations, community assembly and evolution. Ecological Letters 11: 1123-1134.
  • Bajzak, C.E., W. Bernhardt, A. Mosnier, M.O. Hammill, and I. Stirling. 2013. Habitat use by harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in a seasonally ice-covered region, the western Hudson Bay. Polar Biology 36: 477-491.
  • Best, R.C. 1982. Thermoregulation in resting and active polar bears. Journal of Comparative Physiology 146: 63-73.
  • Best, R.C. 1985. Digestibility of ringed seals by the polar bear. Canadian Journal of Zoology 63: 1033- 1036.
  • Bolnick, D.I., et al. 2003. The ecology of individuals: incidence and implications of individual specialization. American Naturalist 161: 1-28.
  • Brook, R.K., and E.S. Richardson. 2002. Observations of polar bear predatory behavior toward caribou. Arctic 55: 193-196.
  • Brose, U. 2010. Body-mass constraints on foraging behaviour determine population and food-web dynamics. Functional Ecology 24: 28-34.
  • Cahill, J.A., et al. 2013. Genomic evidence for island population conversion resolves conflicting theories of polar bear evolution. PLOS Genetics 9 (3): e1003345. [doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003345]
  • Caldow, R.W.G., et al. 1999. Individual variation in the competitive ability of interference-prone foragers: the relative importance of foraging efficiency and susceptibility to interference. Journal of Animal Ecology 68: 869-878.
  • Campbell, B.H. 1990. Factors affecting the nesting success of Dusky Canada Geese, Branta Canadensis occidentalis, on the Copper River Delta, Alaska. Canadian Field-Naturalist 104: 567-574.
  • Cherry, S.G., A.E. Derocher, G.W. Thiemann, and N.J. Lunn. 2013. Migration phenology and seasonal fidelity of an Arctic marine predator in relation to sea ice dynamics. Journal of Animal Ecology 82: 912-921.
  • Cole, G.F. 1972. Grizzly bear-elk relationships in Yellowstone National Park. Journal of Wildlife Management 36: 556-561.
  • Derocher A.E., O. Wiig, and G. Bangjord. 2000. Predation of Svalbard reindeer by polar bears. Polar Biology 23: 675-678.
  • Dey, C., et al. 2017. Increasing nest predation will be insufficient to maintain polar bear body condition in the face of sea ice loss. Global Change Biology 23: 1821-1831.
  • Dobzhansky, T. 1970. Genetics of the evolutionary process. New York: Columbia University Press, 505 pp.
  • Drent, R., and J. Prop. 2008. Barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis) surveys on Nordenskioldkysten, west Spitzbergen 1975-2007; breeding in relation to carrying capacity and predator impact. Circumpolar Studies 4: 59-83.
  • Dyck, M., and E. Kebreab. 2009. Estimating the energetic contribution of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) summer diets to the total energy budget. Journal of Mammalogy 90 (3): 585-593.
  • Dyck, M.G., and P. Morin. 2011. In vivo digestibility trials of a captive polat bear (Ursus maritimus) feeding on harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus) and arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus). Pakistan Journal of Zoology 43: 759-767.
  • Dyck, M.G., and S. Romberg. 2007. Observations of a wild polar bear (Ursus maritimus) successfully fishing arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) and fourhorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus quadricornis). Polar Biology 30: 1625-1628.
  • Edwards, M.A., A.E. Derocher, K.A. Hobson, M. Branigan, and J.A. Nagy. 2011. Fast carnivores and slow herbivores: differential foraging strategies among grizzly bears in the Canadian Arctic. Oecologia 165: 877-889.
  • Estes, J.A., M.L. Riedman, M.M. Staedler, M.T. Tinker, and B.E. Lyon. 2003. Individual variation in prey selection by sea otters: patterns, causes and implications. Journal of Animal Ecology 72: 144-155.
  • Fedak, M.A., and H.J. Seeherman. 1979. Re-appraisal of energetics of locomotion shows identical cost in bipeds and quadrupeds including ostrich and horse. Nature 282: 713-716.
  • French, S.P., and M.G. French. 1990. Predatory behavior of grizzly bears feeding on elk calves in Yellowstone National Park, 1986-88. Bears: Their Biology and Management 8: 335-341.
  • Furnell, D.J., and D. Oolooyuk. 1980. Polar bear predation on ringed seals in ice free water. Canadian Field-Naturalist 94: 88-89.
  • Gagnon, A.S., and W.A. Gough. 2005. Trends in the dates of ice freeze-up and breakup over Hudson Bay, Canada. Arctic 58: 370-382.
  • Geinapp, P, C. Teplitsky, J.S. Alho, J.A., Mills, and J. Merila. 2007. Climate change and evolution: disentangling environmental and genetic responses. Molecular Ecology 17: 167-178.
  • Ghalambor, C.K., J.K. McKay, S.P. Carroll, and D.N. Reznick. 2007. Adaptive versus non-adaptive phenotypic plasticity and the potential for contemporary adaptation in new environments. Functional Ecology 21: 394-407.
  • Gormezano, L.J. 2014. How important is land-based foraging to polar bears (Ursus maritimus) during the ice-free season in western Hudson Bay? An examination of dietary shifts, compositional patterns, behavioral observations and energetic contributions. Ph.D. dissertation, City University of New York, New York.
  • Gormezano, L.J., and R.F. Rockwell. 2013a. What to eat now? Shifts in polar bear diet during the ice-free season in western Hudson Bay. Ecology and Evolution Ecology and Evolution 3 (10): 3509-3523.
  • Gormezano, L.J., and R.F. Rockwell. 2013b. Dietary composition and spatial patterns of polar bear foraging on land in western Hudson Bay. BMC Ecology 13: 51-64. [doi: 10.1186/1472-6785-13-51]
  • Gormezano, L.J., and R.F. Rockwell. 2015. The energetic value of land-based foods in western Hudson Bay and their potential to alleviate energy deficits of starving adult male polar bears. PLOS One. [doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128520]
  • Gormezano, L.J., S.R. McWilliams, D.T. Iles, and R.F. Rockwell. 2016. Costs of locomotion in polar bears: when do the costs outweigh the benefits of chasing down terrestrial prey? Conservation Physiology 4 (1): cow45. [doi: 10.1093/conphys/cow045]
  • Gunn, A., and F.L. Miller. 1982. Muskox bull killed by a barren-ground grizzly bear, Thelon Game Sanctuary, N.W.T. Arctic 35: 545-546.
  • Gunther, K.A., and R.A. Renkin. 1990. Grizzly bear predation on elk calves and other fauna of Yellowstone National Park. Bears: Their Biology and Management 8: 329-334.
  • Hailer, H., et al. 2012. Nuclear genomic sequences reveal that polar bears are an old and distinct bear lineage. Science 336: 344-347.
  • Harington, C.R. 2008. The evolution of Arctic marine mammals. Ecological Applications 18: S23-S40.
  • Harrington, C.R. 1965. The life and status of the polar bear. Oryx 8: 169-176.
  • Heyland, J.D., and K. Hay. 1976. An attack by a polar bear on a juvenile beluga. Arctic 29: 56-57.
  • Hurst, R.J., M.L. Leonard, P.D. Watts, P. Beckerton, and N.A. Oritsland. 1982a. Polar bear locomotion: body temperature and energetic cost. Canadian Journal of Zoology 60: 40-44.
  • Hurst, R.J., N.A. Oritsland, and P.D. Watts. 1982b. Body mass, temperature and cost of walking in polar bears. Acta Physiologica Scandinavia 115: 391-395.
  • Iles, D.T., S.L. Peterson, L.J. Gormezano, D.N. Koons, and R.F. Rockwell. 2013. Terrestrial predation by polar bears: not just a wild goose chase. Polar Biology 36: 1373-1379.
  • Jansen W.A., J.B. Rhenen, E.J.B. Veldhuis Kroeze, A. Wellen, and A.C. Beynen. 2003. Apparent digestibility of macro-nutrients in captive polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Zoological Garten 2: 111-115.
  • Johnson, S.R., and L.E. Noel. 2005. Temperature and predation effects on abundance and distribution of Lesser Snow Geese on the Sagavanirktok River Delta, Alaska. Waterbirds 28: 292-300.
  • Karasov W.H., and S.R. McWilliams. 2005. Digestive constraints in mammalian and avian ecology. In J.M. Stark and T. Wang (editors), Physiological and ecological constraints to feeding in vertebrates. Enfield, NH: Science Publishers.
  • Krause, J., et al. 2008. Mitochondrial genomes reveal an explosive radiation of extinct and extant bears near the Miocene-Pliocene boundary. BMC Evolutionary Biology 8: 220.
  • Lunn, N.J., and I. Stirling. 1985. The significance of supplemental food to polar bears during the ice-free period of Hudson Bay. Canadian Journal of Zoology 63: 2291-2297.
  • Luque, M.H., and A.W. Stokes. 1976. Fishing behaviour of Alaskan brown bear. Bears: Their Biology and Management 3: 71-78.
  • Madsen, J., T. Bregnballe, J. Frikke, and I.B. Kristensen. 1998. Correlates of predator abundance with snow and ice conditions and their role in determining timing of nesting and breeding success in Svalbard Light-bellied Brent Geese Branta bernicla hrota. Norsk Polarinstitutt Skrifter 200: 221-234.
  • Mattson, D.J., and D.P. Reinhart. 1995. Influence of cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) on behavior and reproduction of Yellowstone grizzly bears (Ursus arctos), 1975-1989. Canadian Journal of Zoology 73: 2072-2079.
  • Mealey, S.P. 1980. The natural food habits of grizzly bears in Yellowstone National Park, 1973-74. Bears: Their Biology and Management 4: 281-292.
  • Miller, G.D., and D.R. Woolridge. 1983. Small game hunting behaviour of polar bears, Ursus maritimus. Canadian Field-Naturalist 97: 93-94.
  • Molnar, P.K., A.E. Derocher, G.W. Thiemann, and M.A. Lewis. 2010. Predicting survival, reproduction and abundance of polar bears under climate change. Biological Conservation 143: 1612-1622.
  • Oritsland, N.A., C. Jonkel, and K. Ronald. 1976. A respiration chamber for exercising polar bears. Norwegian Journal of Zoology 24: 65-67.
  • Ovsyanikov, N. 1996. Polar bears - living with the white bear. Stillwater, MN: Voyageur Press.
  • Patton, R.S. 1975. Digestibility studies on polar bears with emphasis on carbohydrates. American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquaria, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting: 158-161.
  • Pavlic, T.P., and K.M. Passino. 2011. The sunk-cost effect as an optimal rate-maximizing behavior. Acta Biotheoretica 59: 53-66.
  • Pedersen, A. 1962. Polar animals. London: Harrap.
  • Perry, R. 1966. The world of the polar bear. London: Cassell.
  • Pritchard, G.T., and C.T. Robbins. 1990. Digestive and metabolic efficiencies of grizzly and black bears. Canadian Journal of Zoology 68: 1645-1651.
  • Prop J., et al. 2015. Climate change and the increasing impact of polar bears on bird populations. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 3: 1-12.
  • Ramsay, M.A., and K.A. Hobson. 1991. Polar bears make little use of terrestrial food webs: evidence from stable-carbon isotope analysis. Oecologia 86: 598-600.
  • Ritchie, J.C. 1960. The vegetation of northern Manitoba. V. Establishing the major zonation. Arctic 13: 210-229.
  • Robbins C.T. 1993. Wildlife feeding and nutrition (2nd ed.). Academic Press, New York, NY.
  • Rockwell, R.F., and L.J. Gormezano. 2009. The early bear gets the goose: climate change, polar bears and lesser snow geese in western Hudson Bay. Polar Biology 32, 539-547.
  • Rode, K.D, C.T. Robbins, L. Nelson, and S.C. Amstrup. 2014. Can polar bears use terrestrial foods to offset lost ice-based hunting opportunities? Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 13 (3): 138-145.
  • Rogers, M.C., E. Peacock, K. Simac, M.B. O'Dell, and J.M. Welker. 2015. Diet of female polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea of Alaska: evidence for an emerging alternative foraging strategy in response to environmental change. Polar Biology 38: 1035-1047.
  • Roughgarden, J. 1972. Evolution of niche width. American Naturalist 106: 683-718.
  • Russell, R.H. 1975. The food habits of polar bears of James Bay and southwest Hudson Bay in summer and autumn. Arctic 28: 117-129.
  • Servheen, C. 1983. Grizzly bear food habits, movements, and habitat selection in the Mission Mountains, Montana. Journal of Wildlife Management 47: 1026-1035.
  • Smith, A.E., and M.R.J. Hill. 1996. Polar bear, Ursus maritimus, depredation of Canada Goose, Branta canadensis, nests. Canadian Field Naturalist 110: 339-340.
  • Smith, P.A., K.H. Elliott, A.J. Gaston, and H.G. Gilchrist. 2010. Has early ice clearance increased predation on breeding birds by polar bears? Polar Biology 33: 1149-1153.
  • Smith, T.G. 1980. Polar bear predation of ringed and bearded seals in the land-fast sea ice habitat. Canadian Journal of Zoology 58: 2201-2209.
  • Smith, T.G. 1985. Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) as predators of belugas (Delphinapterus leucas). Canadian Field Naturalist 99: 71-75.
  • Stempniewicz, L. 1993. The polar bear Ursus maritimus feeding in a seabird colony in Frans Josef Land. Polar Research 12: 33-36.
  • Stirling, I. 1974. Midsummer observations on the behavior of wild polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Canadian Journal of Zoology 52: 1191-1198.
  • Stirling, I. 2011. Polar bears: the natural history of a threatened species. Markham, Ontario: Fitzhenry & Whiteside, 300 pp.
  • Stirling, I., and W.R. Archibald. 1977. Aspects of predation of seals by polar bears. Journal of Fisheries Research Board Canada 34: 1126-1129.
  • Stirling, I., and A.E. Derocher. 1993. Possible impacts of climatic warming on polar bears. Arctic 46: 240-245.
  • Stirling, I., and A.E. Derocher. 2012. Effects of climate warming on polar bears: a review of the evidence. Global Change Biology, 18: 2694-2706.
  • Stirling, I., and C.L. Parkinson. 2006. Possible effects of climate warming on selected populations of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the Canadian Arctic. Arctic 59: 261-275.
  • Stirling, I., N.J. Lunn, and J. Iacozza. 1999. Long-term trends in the population ecology of polar bears in Western Hudson Bay in relation to climate change. Arctic 52: 294-306.
  • Stroeve, J.C., et al. 2012. The Arctic's rapidly shrinking sea ice cover: a research synthesis. Climatic Change 110: 1005-1027.
  • Tartu, S., et al. 2016. Geographical area and life history traits influence diet in an arctic marine predator. PLOS One. [doi: 10.1371/journalpone.155980]
  • Taylor C.R., K. Schmidt-Nielsen, and J.L. Raab. 1970. Scaling energetic cost of running to body weight of animals. American Journal of Physiology 219: 1104-1107.
  • Thiemann, G.W., S.J. Iverson, and I. Stirling. 2008. Polar bear diets and arctic marine food webs: insights from fatty acid analysis. Ecological Monographs 78: 591-613.
  • Thiemann, G.W., S.J. Iverson, I. Stirling, and M.E. Obbard. 2011. Individual patterns of prey selection and dietary specialization in an Arctic marine carnivore. Oikos 120: 1469-1478.
  • Tinker, M.T., M. Mangel, and J.A. Estes. 2009. Learning to be different: acquired skills, social learning, frequency dependence, and environmental variation can cause behaviourally mediated foraging specializations. Evolutionary Ecology Research 11: 841-869.
  • Van Daele, L.J., V.G. Barnes, and J.L. Belant. 2012. Ecological flexibility of brown bears on Kodiak Island, Alaska. Ursus 23: 21-29.
  • Van Valen, L. 1965. Morphological variation and width of ecological niche. American Naturalist 99: 377-390.
  • Voorhees, H., R. Sparks, H.P. Huntington, and K.D. Rode. 2014. Traditional knowledge about polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in northwestern Alaska. Arctic 67: 523-536.
  • Weaver, J.L., P.C. Paquet, and L.F. Ruggiero. 1996. Resilience and conservation of large carnivores in the Rocky Mountains. Conservation Biology 10: 964-976.
  • Weber, D.S., et al. 2013. Low MHC variation in the polar bear: implications in the face of Arctic warming? Animal Conservation. [doi: 10.1111/acv.12045]
  • Welch, C.A., J. Keay, K.C. Kendall, and C.T. Robbins. 1997. Constraints on frugivory by bears. Ecology 78: 1105-1119.
  • Young, D.D., and T.R. McCabe. 1998. Grizzly bears and calving caribou: what is the relation with river corridors? Journal of Wildlife Management 62: 255-261.