Biodiversity Literature Repository
Published September 30, 2011 | Version v1
Journal article Open

The snake fauna of Togo: systematics, distribution and biogeography, with remarks on selected taxonomic problems

Creators

  • 1. Département de Zoologie et Biologie animale, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Lomé, BP 1515, Lomé (Togo) h_segniagbeto@yahoo.fr
  • 2. Laboratoire de Paludologie et Zoologie médicale, UR 77, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre de Dakar, BP 1386, Dakar (Senegal) jean-françois.trape@ird.fr
  • 3. UMR 7205 OSEB, Reptiles et Amphibiens, Département de Systématique et Évolution, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CP 30, 57 rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) pdavid@mnhn.fr ohler@mnhn.fr adubois@mnhn.fr
  • 4. Département de Zoologie et Biologie animale, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Lomé, BP 1515, Lomé (Togo) iglitho@yahoo.fr

Description

Segniagbeto, Gabriel Hoinsoude, Trape, Jean François, David, Patrick, Ohler, Annemarie, Dubois, Alain, Glitho, Isabelle Adolé (2011): The snake fauna of Togo: systematics, distribution and biogeography, with remarks on selected taxonomic problems. Zoosystema 33 (3): 325-360, DOI: 10.5252/z2011n3a4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/z2011n3a4

Files

source.pdf

Files (23.2 MB)

Name Size Download all
md5:cc8e8436c03d6e7104ed74816f6ae04f
23.2 MB Preview Download

Linked records

Additional details

Identifiers

LSID
urn:lsid:plazi.org:pub:FF8E8436C03D6E71FFEDFF816F6AE04F
URL
http://publication.plazi.org/id/FF8E8436C03D6E71FFEDFF816F6AE04F

Has part
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0386E74FCF3FEF76BF4E3E6 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547013 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0386E77FD33FBAE6E2DE15C (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.10526357 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC03B6E77FF29FE146E2CE445 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC03B6E77FF50FBCE6BE3E589 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC03B6E76FD1EF98B6EAAE342 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547015 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC03A6E76FF65FCD06D0AE57A (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC03A6E76FF60FAEA6BE2E2B9 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.10526359 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC03A6E76FD3AFCB06C2DE57F (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547021 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC03A6E76FCE8FAEA6BC3E6EC (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547029 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0356E79FF5DFF566EEAE464 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547038 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0356E79FF21FBEF6D14E6EC (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547048 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0356E79FD07FD536D85E397 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547054 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0356E79FD25FB8E6CBAE55A (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0356E78FD14FACD6FD7E171 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547056 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0346E78FF43FEF76F9FE2A7 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547058 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0346E78FF0CFCB36D25E4F5 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547060 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0346E78FF55FA8D6BEBE311 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547062 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0346E78FD0AFC116C37E5C2 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547064 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0346E7BFD11FA4B6D0BE18D (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547066 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0376E7BFF7AFE756F97E31D (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547072 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0376E7BFF6CFC116E50E5B9 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0376E7BFF4BF9AB6B70E516 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547080 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0376E7BFD30FA0A6BFDE6EC (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0366E7AFF63FF566E11E386 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547088 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0366E7AFF70FB8E6BFBE15C (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547092 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0366E7AFD34FED76B12E35B (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547094 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0366E7AFD36FCD06CD6E539 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547096 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0366E7DFD1BFA2A6EE7E1E7 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547098 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0316E7DFF57FDB56D43E5E8 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0316E7DFF5DFA6B6D8BE402 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547104 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0316E7CFD36FB0F6E13E1E7 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547108 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0306E7CFF07FE746EB5E3D3 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0306E7CFF2DFC516B5FE200 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547112 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0306E7CFD12FD126BFFE53F (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0306E7FFD12FA2A6D45E1C1 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547114 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0336E7FFF7EFD956ED7E392 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547118 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0336E7EFF44FBAE6E57E27F (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547126 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0326E7EFF4AFDF26D65E4D9 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0326E7EFF54FB4C6B03E146 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547134 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0326E7EFD36FED76C58E331 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547136 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0326E7EFD3EFC516BE5E592 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547138 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0326E61FD37F9AB6E0CE197 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547146 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC02D6E61FF46FD956E49E3FC (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.10526366 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC02D6E61FF5EFC6E6E1AE6EB (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547154 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC02D6E61FD2DFF566CA3E25D (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547162 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC02D6E60FCDAFDD56BDAE19E (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547164 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC02C6E60FCACFD956BC1E507 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547166 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC02C6E63FD30FA0A6D24E0A0 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547168 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC02F6E63FF44FEB76D2EE390 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547174 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC02F6E63FF5CFBAE6E03E6EC (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547182 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC02F6E63FD0AFF566C7AE19A (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547184 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC02F6E63FD5BFD956CB7E39D (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547188 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC02F6E63FCCCFB8E6C56E6EC (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC02E6E62FF28FCB06C95E197 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC02E6E62FCE4FD956B02E45D (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC02E6E62FD20FBCF6CD0E598 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547190 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC02E6E65FD09F98B6D73E242 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547194 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0296E65FF3AFDD26D7FE6EC (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547196 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0296E65FD32FC936CC5E556 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0296E64FCD3FACD6D45E18C (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547198 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0286E64FF74FD956EC2E3A7 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0286E64FF29FBAE6B22E52B (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547202 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0286E67FD32FA2A6D35E268 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC02B6E67FF75FDF26B50E5E8 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547208 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC02B6E66FD5BFA6B6D79E422 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547210 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC02A6E66FF4AFB2C6E59E6EC (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547212 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC02A6E66FCE8FCB06CC6E54A (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.10526370 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC02A6E66FD36FACD6BC5E6EC (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547214 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0256E69FF5BFF566D5EE22B (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0256E69FF59FD326DEDE521 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547218 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0256E69FF73FA2A6D58E6EC (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547220 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0256E69FD1EFCD06B2DE540 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0256E68FD01FACD6D7FE1F2 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0246E68FF05FDB56EDDE520 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0246E68FF30FA2A6B4CE208 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547222 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0246E68FD19FD536B0CE47D (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547224 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0246E68FCFDFBEF6CE1E582 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0246E6BFD5AF98B6F9AE2CC (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547226 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0276E6BFF32FC936D10E489 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547228 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0276E6BFF5CFA8D6EE3E6EC (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547232 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0276E6BFCE1FC316CD0E5BD (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547234 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0276E6AFCFFF9AB6D7AE435 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547236 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0266E6AFF20FB2F6C87E342 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.10526372 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0266E6DFD07FCD06FBCE18C (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.4547240 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0216E6DFF38FD956D08E51A (URL)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.4547019 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.4547023 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.4547025 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.4547027 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.4547031 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.4547033 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.4547035 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.4547040 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.4547044 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.4547046 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.4547050 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.4547052 (DOI)

References

  • AFFO A. A-B. 2001. - Commerce international des reptiles eleves en captivite au Togo : cas des pythons, tortues et cameleons. Unpublished training report, School for the training of wildlife specialist, Garoua, Cameroon: 1-41.
  • ANONYMOUS [PNAE-TOGO]. 2002. - Monographie nationale sur la diversite biologique. Rapport integral. Lome, MERF-Togo: 172 p.
  • BOOTH A. H. 1958. - The Niger, the Volta and the Dahomey Gaps as geographic barriers. Evolution 12 (1): 48-62.
  • BROADLEY D. G. 1968. - A review of the African cobras of the genus Naja (Serpentes: Elapidae). Arnoldia Rhodesia 3 (29): 1-14.
  • BROADLEY D. G. 1971a. - A revision of the African snake genus Elapsoidea Bocage (Elapidae). Occasional Papers of the National Museum of Rhodesia (B) 4 (32): 577-626.
  • BROADLEY D. G. 1971b. - A review of Rhamphiophis acutus (Gunther) with the description of a new subspecies from Zambia (Serpentes: Colubridae). Arnoldia Rhodesia 5 (8): 1-8.
  • BROADLEY D. G. 1994. - A revision of the African genus Scaphiophis Peters (Serpentes: Colubridae). Herptological Journal 4 (1): 1-10.
  • BROADLEY D. G. 1998. - A review of the African Elapsoidea semiannulata complex (Serpentes:Elapidae). African Journal of Herpetology 47 (1): 13-23.
  • CHABANAUD P.1916. - Enumeration des Ophidiens non encore etudies de l'Afrique occidentale appartenant aux collections du Museum avec la description des especes et des varietes nouvelles.Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle 22: 362-382.
  • CHERLIN V. A. 1983. - New facts on taxonomy of snakes from the Echis genus. Vestnik Zoology 1983 (2): 42-46.
  • CHIRIO L. & INEICH I. 1991. - Les genres Rhamphiophis Peters, 1854 et Dipsina Jan, 1863 (Serpents, Colubridae) : revue des taxons reconnus et description d'une nouvelle espece. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (4) 13 (1-2): 217-235.
  • CHIRIO L. & INEICH I. 2006. - Biogeography of the reptiles of the Central African Republic. African Journal of Herpetology 55 (1): 23-59.
  • CHIRIO L. & LEBRETON M. 2007. - Atlas des reptiles du Cameroun. Collection Patrimoines naturels n°67, Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, IRD, Paris, 688 p.
  • CHIPPAUX J.-P. 2006. - Les serpents d'Afrique Occidentale et Centrale. Collection Faune et Flore tropicales, Paris, IRD Editions 35: 311 p.
  • DAVID P. & INEICH I. 1999. - Les serpents venimeux du monde : systematique et repartition. Dumerilia 3: 3-499.
  • DORANDEU F. 1991. - Les grandes viperes africaines du genre Bitis Gray, 1842 et leur venin. Apercus zoologique, biochimique et clinique.Medecine tropicale 51 (3): 293-306.
  • ERN H. 1979. - Vegetation Togos. Gliederung, Gefahrdung, Erhaltung. Willdenowia 9: 295-312.
  • ERNST R. & RODEL M.-O. 2002. - A new Atheris species (Serpentes: Viperidae), from Tai National Park, Ivory Coast. Herpetological Journal 12: 55-61.
  • FAO (FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION) 2006.- Global forest resources assessment 2005; progress towards sustainable forest management. Rome, FAO, FAO Forestry Paper, 147, 320 p.
  • GASPERETTI J. 1988. - Snakes of Arabia. Fauna Saudi Arabia 9: 169-450.
  • GOLAY P. 1985. - Checklist and Keys to the Terrestrial Proteroglyphs of the World (Serpentes: Elapidae-Hydrophiidae). Geneve, Fondation culturelle Elapsoidea, ix + 91 p.
  • GOLAY P., SMITH H. M., BROADLEY D. G., DIXON J. R., MCCARTHY C. J., SCHATTI B. & TORIBA M. 1993. -Endoglyphs and Other Major Venomous Snakes of the World. A Checklist. Aire-Geneve, Azemiops S. A. Herpetological Data Center, xv + 478 p.
  • HAMILTON A. 1976. - The significance of patterns of distribution shown by forest plants and animals in tropical Africa for the reconstruction of Upper Pleistocene palaeoenvironments:a review.Palaeoecology of Africa and of the Surrounding Islands and Antarctica 9: 63-97.
  • HARDING K. A. & WELCH K. R. G. 1980. - Venomous Snakes of the World. A checklist. Pergamon Press, Oxford, x + 188 p.
  • HILLERS A., BOATENG C. O., SEGNIAGBETO G. H., AGYEI A. C. & RODEL M-O. 2009. - The amphibians in the forests of southern Ghana and western Togo. Zoosystematic and Evolution 85 (1): 127-141.
  • HUGHES B. & BARRY D. H. 1969. - The snakes of Ghana: a checklist and key. Bulletin de l'Institut fondamental d'Afrique Noire 31 (3): 1004-1041.
  • HUGHES B. 1976. - Notes on African carpet vipers, Echis carinatus, E. leucogaster and E. ocellatus (Viperidae, Serpentes). Revue suisse de Zoologie 83: 359-371.
  • HUGHES B. 1978. - Latitudinal clines and ecogeography of the West African night adder, Causus maculatus (Hallowell, 1842), Serpentes, Viperidae. Bulletin de l'Institut fondamental d'Afrique Noire (A), 39 (2): 358-384 (dated 1977, published 1978).
  • HUGHES B. 1985. - Progress on a taxonomic revision of the African green tree snakes (Philothamnus spp.), in SCHUCHMANN K-L. (ed.). Proceeding of the International Symposium on African Vertebrates. Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut & Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn: 511-530.
  • HUGHES B. 2004. - Misidentification of Dromophis lineatus (Dumeril & Bibron, 1854) as Psammophis sibilans (Linne 1758) and the perpetuation of error. African Journal of Herpetology 53 (1): 63-76.
  • HUGHES B. & WADE E. 2004. - Is Psammophis sibilans occidentalis Werner, 1919 a junior synonym of P. phillipsi (Hallowell, 1844)? (Squamata: Serpentes: Colubridae). Herpetozoa 16 (3-4): 127-132.
  • HULSELMANS J. L. J. & VERHEYEN W.N.1970. - Contribution a l'herpetologie de la Republique du Togo : Liste preliminaire des serpents recoltes par la deuxieme mission zoologique belge au Togo. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique africaines 82 (1-2): 200-204.
  • HULSELMANS J. L. J., DE ROO A. & DE VREE F.1970. - Contribution a l'herpetologie de la Republique du Togo : liste preliminaire des serpents recoltes par la premiere mission zoologique belge au Togo. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique africaines 81 (1-2): 193- 196.
  • HULSELMANS J. L. J., DE VREE F.&VAN DER STRAETEN E. 1971. - Contribution a l'herpetologie de la Republique du Togo : liste preliminaire des serpents recoltes par la troisieme mission zoologique belge au Togo. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique africaines 84 (1-2): 46-49.
  • INEICH, I. 2006. - Les elevages de reptiles et de scorpions au Benin, Togo et Ghana, plus particulierement la gestion des quotas d'exportation et la definition des codes " source " des specimens exportes. Projet CITES A-251: 1-113.
  • JENIK J. 1994. - The Dahomey gap: an important issue in Africa phytogeography. Memoire de la Societe de Biogeographie (3) 4: 125-133.
  • KELLY C. M. R., BARKER N. P., VILLET M. H., BROADLEY D. G. & BRANCH W. R. 2008. - The snake family Psammophiidae (Reptilia: Serpentes): phylogenetics and species delimitation in the African sand snakes (Psammophis Boie, 1825) and allied genera. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 47: 1045-1060.
  • KLUGE A. G. 1993. - Calabaria and the phylogeny of erycine snakes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 107 (4): 293-351
  • LEACHE A. D., RODEL M.-O., LINKEM C. W., DIAZ R. E., HILLERS A. & FUJITA M. K. 2006. - Biodiversity in a forest island: reptiles and amphibians of the West African Togo hills. Amphibian and Reptile Conservation 4: 22-45.
  • LENK P., HERRMANN H-W. & JOGER U. 1999. - Phylogeny and taxonomic subdivision of Bitis (Reptilia: Viperidae) based on molecular evidence, in U. JOGER (ed.), Phylogeny and systematics of Viperidae. Kaupia 8: 31-38.
  • LOVERIDGE A. 1939. - Revision of the African snakes of the genera Mehelya and Gonionotophis. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 86 (3): 131-162.
  • LOVERIDGE A. 1940. - Revision of the African snakes of the genera Dromophis and Psammophis. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 87 (1): 1-70.
  • LOVERIDGE A. 1944. - Further revisions of African snake genera. Bulletin of the the Museum of Comparative Zoology 95: 121-247.
  • LOVERIDGE A. 1958. - Revision of five snake genera. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 119 (1): 1-198.
  • MASSARY J.-C. DE 1993. - Apport de la biometrie a la comprehension de la systematique et de l'evolution du genre Causus (Serpentes, Viperidae). Unpublished Ms thesis, Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris: 55 p.
  • MATSCHIE P. 1893. - Die Reptilien und Amphibien Togogebietes. Mittheilungen von Forschungsreisenden und Gelehrten aus den deutschen Schutzgebieten, mit Benutzung amtlicher Quellen 6: 207-215.
  • MEIRTE D. 1992. - Cles de determination des serpents d'Afrique. Annales du Musee royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Sciences zoologiques 267: 1-152.
  • MYERS N., MITTERMEIER R. A., MITTERMEIER C. G., DA FONSECA G. A. B. & KENT J. 2000. - Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403: 853-858.
  • PARKER H. W. 1933. - Some African snakes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 12 (10): 544-548.
  • PAUWELS O. S. G. & VANDE WEGHE J. P. 2008. - Les Reptiles du Gabon. Washington, Smithsonian Institution: 272 p.
  • PYRON R. A., BURBRINK F. T., COLLI G. R., NIETO MONTES DE OCA A., VITT L. J., KUCZYNSKI C. A. & WIENS J. J. 2011. - The phylogeny of advanced snakes (Colubroidea), with discovery of a new subfamily and comparison of support methods for likelihood trees. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 58 (2): 329-342.
  • RASMUSSEN J. B. 1979. - An intergeneric analysis of some boigine snakes. Bogert's groups XIII and XIV (Boiginae, Serpentes). Videnskabelige Meddelelser Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening 141: 97-155.
  • RASMUSSEN J. B. 1993. - A taxonomic review of the Dispsadoboaunicolor complex, including a phylogenic analysis of the genus (Serpentes, Dipsadidae, Boiginae). Streenstrupia 19: 129-196.
  • RASMUSSEN J. B. 1994. - Afrikanske slanger (2). Dendraospis viridis. Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening 37 (2): 25-28.
  • RASMUSSEN J. B. 1995a. - Afrikanske slanger (7). Naja melanoleuca. Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening 38 (2): 89-96.
  • RASMUSSEN J. B. 1995b. - Afrikanske slanger (8). Naja katiensis. Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening 39 (2): 41-44.
  • RASMUSSEN J. B. 1995c. - Afrikanske slanger (6). Bitis gabonica. Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening 38 (2): 55-63.
  • RASMUSSEN J. B, CHIRIO L. & INEICH I. 2000. - The herald snakes (Crotaphopeltis) of Central Africa Republic, including a systematic review of C. hippocrepis. Zoosystema 22 (3): 585-600.
  • ROE D., MULLIKEN T., MILLEDGE S., MREMI J., MOSHA S. & GRIEG- GRAN M. 2002. - Making a killing or making a living? Wildlife trade, trade controls and rural livehoods. Biodiversity and Livehoods Issues 6. IIED, London, UK, 128 p.
  • ROMAN B. 1980. - Serpents de Haute-Volta. C.N.R.S.T., Ouagadougou, 132 p.
  • ROMAN B. 1984. - Serpents des Pays de l'Entente. C.N.R.S.T., Ouagadougou, 45 p.
  • RODEL M.-O. & AGYEI A. C. 2003. - Amphibians of the Togo-Volta highlands, Eastern Ghana. Salamandra 39: 207-234.
  • ROUX- ESTEVE R. 1969. - Les serpents de la region de Lamto (Cote d'Ivoire). Annales de l'Universite d'Abidjan (E) 2: 81-140.
  • ROUX- ESTEVE R. 1974. - Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique, Reptilia-Serpentes.Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (A) 87: 1-313.
  • SALZMANN U. & HOEZLMANN P.2005. - The Dahomey gap: an abrupt climatically induced rain forest fragmentation in West Africa during the late Holocene. The Holocene 15: 190-199.
  • SCHATTI B. & TRAPE J.-F. 2008. - Bamanophis, a new genus for the West African colubrid Periops dorri Lataste, 1888 (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubrinae).Revue suisse de Zoologie 115 (4): 595-615.
  • SCHIOTZ A. 1967. - The treefrogs (Rhacophoridae) of West Africa. Spolia Zoologica Musei Haunienses 25:1-346.
  • SEGNIAGBETO G. H., BOWESSIDJAOU J. E., DUBOIS A. & OHLER A. 2007. - Les amphibiens du Togo: etat actuel des connaissances. Alytes 24 (1-4): 72-90.
  • SPAWLS S. & BRANCH B. 1995. - The Dangerous Snakes of Africa. Natural History. Species Directory. Venoms and Snakebite. Blanford, London, 192 p.
  • STERNFELD L. 1908a. - Neue und ungenugend bekannte afrikanische Schlangen. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde Berlin 1908: 92-95.
  • STERNFELD L. 1908b. - Die Schlangenfauna Togos. Mittheilungen Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 4: 207-236.
  • STERNFELD L. 1909. - Die Schlangen Togos, in Die Fauna der deutschen Kolonien 1 (1): iv + 29 p., map.
  • THORPE R. S. & MCCARTHY C. J. 1978. - A preliminary study, using multivariate analysis, of a species complex of African house snakes (Boaedon fuliginosus). Journal of Zoology, London, 184: 489-506.
  • TRAPE J.-F. & MANE Y.2004. - Les serpents des environs de Bandafassi (Senegal oriental). Bulletin de la Societe herpetologique de France 109: 5-34.
  • TRAPE J.-F. & MANE Y. 2006a. - Le genre Dasypeltis Wagler (Serpentes : Colubridae) en Afrique de l'Ouest: description de trois especes et d'une sous-espece nouvelles. Bulletin de la Societe herpetologique de France 119: 5-24.
  • TRAPE J.-F. & MANE Y. 2006b. - Guide des serpents d'Afrique occidentale (savane et desert). IRD Editions, Paris, 226 p.
  • TRAPE J.-F. & SEGNIAGBETO G. H. 2008. - Geo-distribution of Letheobia crossi (Serpentes: Typhlopidae). Herpetological Review 39 (4): 384.
  • ULLENBRUCH K., GRELL O. & BOHME W. 2010. - Reptiles from southern Benin, West Africa, with the description of a new Hemidactylus (Gekkonidae), and a country-wide checklist. Bonn Zoological Bulletin 57 (1): 31-54.
  • VIDAL N., BRANCH W. R., PAUWELS O. S. G., HEDGES S. B., BROADLEY D. G., WINK M., CRUAUD C., JOGER U. & NAGY Z. T. 2008. - Dissecting the major African snake radiation: a molecular phylogeny of the Lamprophiidae Fitzinger (Serpentes, Caenophidia). Zootaxa 1945: 51-66.
  • VIDAL N. & DAVID P. 2004. - New insights into the early history of snakes inferred from two nuclear genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 31: 783-787.
  • VIDAL N., DELMAS A.-S., DAVID P., CRUAUD C., COULOUX A. & HEDGES S. B. 2007. - The phylogeny and classification of caenophidian snakes inferred from seven nuclear protein-coding genes. Comptes Rendus Biologies 330: 182-187.
  • VILLIERS A. 1951. - Mission A. Villiers au Togo et au Dahomey (1950) II. - Ophidiens. Etudes dahomeennes, Centre IFAN 5: 17-46.
  • VILLIERS A. 1975. - Les serpents de l'Ouest Africain. Troisieme edition. Nouvelles Editions africaines, Dakar, 196 p.
  • VILLIERS A. & M. CONDAMIN 2005. - Les serpents de l'Ouest Africain, edition 2005. Universite Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, I.F.A.N. Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, Dakar, 205 p.
  • WELCH K. R. G. 1982. - Herpetology of Africa: a Checklist and Bibliography of the Orders Amphisbaenia, Sauria and Serpentes. Robert E. Krieger, Malabar, Florida, ix + 293 p.
  • WERNER F.1898. - Uber Reptilien und Batrachier aus Togoland, Kamerun undTunis dem Kgl. Museum fur Naturkunde in Berlin. Verhandlungen der kaiserlichkoniglichen Zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft inWien 58: 191-230, 1 plate.
  • WERNER F. 1899. - Uber Reptilien und Batrachier aus Togoland, Kamerun und Deutsch-Neu-Guinea, grosstentheils aus dem Kgl. Museum fur Naturkunde in Berlin. Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-koniglichen Zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 49: 132- 157.
  • WERNER F. 1902. - Uber westafrikanische Reptilien. Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-koniglichen Zoologischbotanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 52: 332-348.
  • WERNER F. 1929. - Ubersicht der Gattungen und Arten der Schlangen aus der Familie Colubridae. III. Teil (Colubrinae). Zoologische Jahrbucher (Systematik) 57 (1/2): 1-196.
  • WILLIAMS K. L. & WALLACH V. 1989. - Snakes of the World. Vol. 1. Synopsis of Snakes Generic Name. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar: viii + 234 p.
  • WITTE G.-F.DE & LAURENT R. F. 1947. - Revision d'un groupe de Colubridae africains, genres Calamelaps, Miodon, Aparallactus et formes affines. Memoire du Musee royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique (2) 29: 1-134.