Published January 28, 2021 | Version v1
Journal article Restricted

Higher classification of the Monostilifera (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea)

Description

Kajihara, Hiroshi (2021): Higher classification of the Monostilifera (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea). Zootaxa 4920 (2): 151-199, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4920.2.1

Files

Restricted

The record is publicly accessible, but files are restricted to users with access.

Linked records

Additional details

References

  • Abildgaard, P.C. (1806) Planaria dorsalis. In: Muller, O.F. (Author) & Abildgaard, P.C., Vahl, M., Holten, J.S. & Rathke, J. (who prepared descriptions and figures), Zoologia Danica sev animalium Daniae et Norvegiae rariorvm ac minus notorvm descriptiones et historia. Volvmen qvartvm. Vol. 4. Explicationi iconvm fascicvli qvarti ejvsdem operis inserviens. N. Christensen, Havniae (locative case of Havnia, Copenhagen), pp. 25. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104862#page/231/mode/1up]
  • Akhmatova, A.F., Chernyshev, A.V. & Zaslavskaya, N.I. (2012) The species composition of the nemertean genus Oerstedia (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea) in the Far Eastern seas of Russia. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 38, 423-430. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063074012060028
  • Andrade, S.C.S., Strand, M, Schwartz, M., Chen, H., Kajihara, H., Dˆ hren, J.v., Sun, S., Junoy, J., Thiel, M., Norenburg, J.L., Turbeville, J. M., Giribet, G. & Sundberg, P. (2012) Disentangling ribbon worm relationships: multi-locus analysis supports traditional classification on the phylum Nemertea. Cladistics, 28, 141-159. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00376.x
  • Beaumont, W.I. (1900) Fauna and flora of Valencia Harbour, Ireland. XI.-Report on the Nemertea. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Series 3, 5, 815-831.
  • Benham, W.B. (1901) The Platyhelmia, Mesozoa, and Nemertini. In: Lankester, E.R. (Ed.), A Treatise on Zoology. Adam & Charles Black, London, pp. 1-204. [https://archive.org/details/treatiseonzoolog04lankrich/page/204/mode/2up]
  • Berg, G. (1973) On morphology and distribution of some hoplonemertean species along Scandinavian coasts (Nemertini). Zoologica Scripta, 2, 63-70. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1974.tb00740.x
  • Berg, G. (1976) Redescription of Zygonemertes algensis (Burger, 1895) (Nemertini, Hoplonemertini) from the Mediterranean Sea. Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli, 40, 11-18.
  • Berg, G. (1985) Annulonemertes gen. nov., a new segmented hoplonemertean. In: Conway Morris, S., George, J.D., Gibson, R. & Platt, H.M. (Eds.), The Origins and Relationships of Lower Invertebrates. Clarendon, Oxford, pp. 200-209.
  • Bergendal, D. (1900) Uber ein Paar sehr eigenthumliche nordische Nemertinen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 23, 313-328. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97248#page/341/mode/1up]
  • Bergendal, D. (1903) Till kannedomen om de nordiska Nemertinerna. 4. Fˆ rteckning ˆ fver vid Sveriges vestkust iakttagna Nemertiner. Arkiv fˆ r Zoologi, 1, 85-156. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30516#page/103/mode/1up]
  • Blainville, H.M. de (1827) Especes molles, sans articulations distinctes. (Genre Malacobdella, de Bl.). In: Levrault, F.G. (Ed.), Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles. Tome quarante-septieme. Vol. 47. Normant, Paris, pp. 270-271. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81586#page/276/mode/1up]
  • Blanchard, E. (1847) Recherches sur l'organisation des vers. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, Serie 3, 8, 119-149. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23613#page/125/mode/1up] https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.51506
  • Bˆ hmig, L. (1893) Tetrastemma graecensis. In: Mojsisovics, A. von (Reporter), Bericht der II. Section, fur Zoologie. Mittheilungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereines fur Steiermark. Vol. 29. Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereine fur Steiermark, Graz, pp. LXXXII-LXXXIX. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45856#page/64/mode/1up]
  • Brinkmann, A. (1914-1915) Uniporus, ein neues Genus der Familie Drepanophoridae Verrill. Bergens Museums Aarbok, 6, 1-29. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130365#page/233/mode/1up]
  • Brinkmann, A. (1917) Pelagic nemerteans from the "Michael Sars" North Atlantic Deep-Sea Expedition 1910. Report on the Scientific Results of the "Michael Sars" North Atlantic Deep-Sea Expedition 1910, 3 (2), 1-18. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120117#page/19/mode/1up]
  • Brinkmann, A. Jr. (1943) A new land nemertean. Nature, 151, 253. https://doi.org/10.1038/151253a0
  • Burger, O. (1890) Untersuchungen uber die Anatomie und Histologie der Nemertinen nebst Beitragen zur Systematik. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoolgie, 50, 1-277. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/135257#page/11/mode/1up]
  • Burger, O. (1893) Sudgeorgische und andere exotische Nemertinen. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abtheilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, 7, 207-240. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121145#page/221/mode/1up] https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.24065
  • Burger, O. (1895) Die Nemertinen des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte herusgegeben von der Zoologischen Station zu Neapel. 22. Monographie. R. Friedlander & Sohn, Berlin, xvi + 743 pp., 31 pls. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49221#page/8/mode/1up] https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.14030
  • Burger, O. (1897-1907) Nemertini (Schnurwurmer). Dr. H.G. Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Tier-Reichs, wissenschaftlich dargestellt in Wort und Bild. Vierter Band [Volume 4]. Supplement. C.F. Winder'sche Verlagshandlung, Leipzig, viii + 542 pp. [pp. 1-176 published in 1897; pp. 177-240 in 1898; pp. 241-288 in 1899; pp. 289-384 in 1903; pp. 385-480 in 1905; pp. 481-542 in 1907, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40724#page/7/mode/1up
  • Burger, O. (1904a) Nemertini. Das Tierreich. Eine Zusammenstellung und Kennzeichnung der rezenten Tierformen. 20. Lieferung. Platyhelminthes. R. Friedlander und Sohn, Berlin, xviii + 151 pp. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/15763#page/7/mode/1up]
  • Burger, O. (1904b) Nemertinen. Resultats du voyage du S. Y. Belgica en 1897-1898-1899 sous le commandement de A. de Gerlache de Gomery. Rapports scientifiques publie aux frais du Gouvernement Belge, sous la direction de la Commission de la Belgica. Zoologie. J.-E. Buschmann, Antwerp, 10 pp.
  • Burger, O. (1909) Die Nemertinen. Deutsche Tiefsee Expedition 1898-1899, 16, 170-221.
  • Carus, J.V. (1885) Prodromus faunae Mediterraneae sive descriptio animalium Maris Mediterranei incolarum quam comparata silva rerum quatenus innotuit adiectis locis et nominibus vulgaribus eorumque auctoribus. Vol. I. Coelenterata, Echinodermata, Vermses, Arthropoda. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagshandlung (E. Koch), Stuttgart, xi + 524 pp. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45304#page/181/mode/1up] https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11523
  • Chernyshev, A.V. (1991a) Sacconemertopsis belogurovi sp. nov. (Hoplonemertini, Tetrastemmatidae)-novaya solonovatovodnaya nemertina iz Yuzhnogo Primorya. Biologicheskie Nauki, 5, 45-49.
  • Chernyshev, A.V. (1991b) Tortus tokmakovae sp. n. (Hoplonemertini; Emplectonematidae) from the Sea of Japan. Zoologischeskii Zhurnal, 70, 129-132.
  • Chernyshev, A.V. (1992) On the names of some nemertines. Zoologischeskii Zhurnal, 71, 134-136.
  • Chernyshev, A.V. (1993) A review of the genera of nemerteans allied to Oerstedia (Monostilifera, Tetrastemmatidae) with description of four new species. Zoologischeskii Zhurnal, 72, 11-20.
  • Chernyshev, A.V. (1998a) New monostiliferous nemerteans (Enopla, Monostilifera) from the Sea of Japan. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 77, 397-403.
  • Chernyshev, A.V. (1998b) Nemerteans of the genus Tetrastemma (Enopla, Monostilifera) from the Far East seas of Russia. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 77, 995-1002.
  • Chernyshev, A.V. (1998c) On the genus Gurjanovella Uschakov, 1926 (Nemertea: Enopla). Zoosystematica Rossica, 7, 9-11.
  • Chernyshev, A.V. (1999) Nemerteans of the genus Antarctonemertes (Enopla, Monostilifera). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 78, 939- 948.
  • Chernyshev, A.V. (2002) Description of a new species of the genus Poseidonemertes (Nemertea, Monostilifera) with establishment of the family Poseidonemertidae. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 81, 909-916.
  • Chernyshev, A.V. (2003a) Classification system of the higher taxa of enoplan nemerteans (Nemertea, Enopla). Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 29 (Supplement 1), S57-S65. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:RUMB.0000011717.06390.30
  • Chernyshev, A.V. (2003b) A new species of Tetrastemma from the Sea of Japan and redescription of Tetrastemma laminariae Uschakov, 1928 (Nemertea: Tetrastemmatidae). Zoosystematica Rossica, 12, 19-22.
  • Chernyshev, A.V. (2004) Two new genera of nemertean worms of the family Tetrastemmatidae (Nemertea: Monostilifera). Zoosystematica Rossica, 12, 151-156.
  • Chernyshev, A.V. (2005a) System of families of enoplan nemerteans of the order Eumonostilifera (Nemertea: Enopla). Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 31 (Supplement 1), S27-S33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11179-006-0012-6
  • Chernyshev, A.V. (2005b) Redescription of Korotkevitschia pelagica (Korotkevitsch, 1961) (Enopla: Hoplonemertea: Cratenemertea), a pelagic nemertean from Antarctica. Zootaxa, 862 (1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.862.1.1
  • Chernyshev, A.V. (2011a) Comparative Morphology, Systematics and Phylogeny of the Nemerteans. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, 309 pp. [in Russian]
  • Chernyshev, A.V. (2011b) Nemertean worms (Nemertea) of the Vietnamese coastal waters. In: Lutaenko, K.A. (Ed.), Proceedings of the Workshop Coastal Marine Biodiversity and Bioresources of Vietnam and Adjacent Areas to the South China Sea Nha Trang, Vietnam. 24-25 November 2011. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, pp. 21-25.
  • Chernyshev, A.V. (2016) Nemerteans of the coastal waters of Vietnam. In: Adrianov, A.V. & Lutaenko, K.A. (Eds.), Biodiversity of the Western Part of the South China Sea. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, pp. 279-314.
  • Chernyshev, A.V. & Polyakova, N.E. (2018a) Nemerteans of the Vema-TRANSIT expedition: First data on diversity with description of two new genera and species. Deep-Sea Research, Part II, 148, 64-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.06.004
  • Chernyshev, A.V. & Polyakova, N.E. (2018b) Nemerteans from deep-sea expedition SokhoBio with description of Uniporus alisae sp. nov. (Hoplonemertea: Reptantia s.l.) from the Sea of Okhotsk. Deep-Sea Research, Part II, 154, 121-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.09.022
  • Chernyshev, A.V. & Polyakova, N.E. (2019) Nemerteans from the deep-sea expedition KuramBio II with descriptions of three new hoplonemerteans from the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench. Progress in Oceanography, 178, 102148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2019.102148
  • Chernyshev, A.V., Timoshkin, O. & Kawakatsu, M. (1998) Prostoma ohmiense sp. n., a new species of freshwater nemertean from lake Biwa-ko, central Japan, with special reference to the taxonomy and distribution of the genus Prostoma Duges, 1828. Bulletin of Fuji Women's College, Series II, 36, 51-66.
  • Coe, W.R. (1901) Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition. XX. The nemerteans. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 3, 1-110. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81277#page/17/mode/1up]
  • Coe, W.R. (1902) The nemertean parasites of crabs. American Naturalist, 36, 431-450. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/135794#page/458/mode/1up] https://doi.org/10.1086/278150
  • Coe, W.R. (1904) Nemerteans of the Pacific coast of North America. Part II. Harriman Alaska Series, 11, 111-220. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16998#page/143/mode/1up]
  • Coe, W.R. (1905) Nemerteans of the west and northwest coasts of America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoˆ logy at Harvard College, 47, 1-318. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21167#page/5/mode/1up]
  • Coe, W.R. (1940) Revision of the nemertean fauna of the Pacific coasts of North, Central, and northern South America. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 2, 247-322.
  • Coe, W.R. (1943) Biology of the nemerteans of the Atlantic coast of North America. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 35, 129-328.
  • Coe, W.R. (1944) A new species of hoplonemertean (Paranemertes biocellatus) from the Gulf of Mexico. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 34, 407-409.
  • Correa, D.D. (1948) Ototyphlonemertes from the Brazilian coast. Comunicaciones zoologicas del Museo de historia natural de Montevideo, 2, 1-12.
  • Correa, D.D. (1954) Nemertinos do litoral Brasileiro. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 19, 1-90. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2526-3382.bffclzoologia.1954.120084
  • Correa, D.D. (1955) Os generos Emplectonema Stimpson e Nemertopsis Burger (Hoplonemertini Monostilifera). Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 20, 67-78. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2526-3382.bffclzoologia.1955.120212
  • Correa, D.D. (1961) Nemerteans from Florida and Virgin Islands. Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean, 11, 1-44.
  • Crandall, F.B. (1993a) Major characters and enoplan systematics. Hydrobiologia, 266, 115-140. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00013363
  • Crandall, F.B. (1993b) The genus Valdivianemertes Stiasny-Wijnhoff 1923 (Nemertea, Enopla, Hoplonemertea): nomenclatural status and proper systematic position. Hydrobiologia, 266, 175-184. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00013367
  • Crandall, F.B. (1994) Case 2888. Valdivianemertes Stiasny-Wijnhoff, 1923 (Nemertea): proposed conservation. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 51, 298-301. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34357801#page/75/mode/1up] https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.7228
  • Crandall, F.B. (2001) A cladistic view of the Monostilifera (Hoplonemertea) with interwoven rhynchocoel musculature: a preliminary assessment. Hydrobiologia, 456, 87-110. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013031900458
  • Crandall, F.B. (2010) A new family of the Hoplonemertea: Cinclidonemertes mooreae fam., gen. et sp. nov. (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea). Journal of Natural History, 44, 2411-2424. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2010.508567
  • Crandall, F.B. & Gibson, R. (1998) A second genus of pelagic Cratenemertidae (Nemertea, Hoplonemertea). Hydrobiologia, 365, 173-198. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003107332635
  • Cuvier, [G.] (1817) Le regne animal distribue d'apres son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction a l'anatomie comparee. Tome IV [Volume 4], contenant les Zoophytes, les tables, et les planches. A. Belin, Paris, vii + 255 pp. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91495#page/11/mode/1up]
  • Dakin, W.J. (1915) Fauna of West Australia-III. A new nemertean, Geonemertes dendyi, sp. n., being the first recorded land nemertean from Western Australia. Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London, 1915, 567-570. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98466#page/341/mode/1up] https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1915.00567.x
  • Davison, P.G., Robison, H.W. & McAllister, C.T. (2014) First record of ribbon worms (Nemertea: Tetrastemmatidae: Prostoma) from Arkansas. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, 68, 146-148. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol68/iss1/25
  • De Queiroz, K. (2013) Nodes, branches, and phylogenetic definitions. Systematic Biology, 62, 625-632. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syt027
  • Delle Chiaje, S. (1841) Descrizione e notomia degli animali invertebrati della Sicilia citeriore osservati vivi negli anni 1822- 1830. Tomo Terzo. Molluschi acefali, bracciopedi, cirropedi; Crostacei, anellosi. C. Batelli, Naples, 142 pp. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40311#page/273/mode/1up] https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10031
  • Dendy, A. (1892) On an Australian land nemertine (Geonemertes australiensis, n. sp.). Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, New Series, 4, 85-122. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34240#page/119/mode/1up]
  • Dendy, A. (1895 [imprint 1894]) Notes on a New Zealand land nemertine. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 27, 191-194. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22767#page/219/mode/1up]
  • Diesing, K.M. (1862) Revision der Turbellarien. Abtheilung: Rhabdocoelen. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 45, 191-320. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30219#page/217/mode/1up]
  • Diesing, K.M. (1863) Nachtrage zur Revision der Turbellarien. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 46, 173-188. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30211#page/215/mode/1up]
  • Duges, A. (1828) Recherches sur l'organisation et les moeurs des Planariees. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 15, 139-183, pls. IV-V. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29174#page/145/mode/1up] https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.18554
  • Ehrenberg, C.G. (1828-1831) Phytozoa Turbellaria Africana et Asiatica in Phytozoorum Tabula IV. et V. delineata. In: Hemprich, F.G. & Ehrenberg, C.G. (Eds.), Symbolae physicae, seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam, Aegyptium, Nubiam, Dongalam, Syriam, Arabiam et Habessiniam, pars Zoologica II, animalia evertebrata exclusis insectis. Officina Academica: Berlin, pp. 53-67 (without pagination), pls. IV-V (plates published in 1828; text in 1831). [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189273#page/7/mode/1up] https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.107403
  • Envall, M. (1996) Ototyphlonemertes correae sp. nov. and a redescription of O. duplex (Nemertea: Monostilifera: Ototyphlonemertidae), with a phylogenetic consideration of the genus. Journal of Zoology, 238, 253-277. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1996.tb05393.x
  • Felsenstein, J. (1978) Cases in which parsimony or compatibility methods will be positively misleading. Systematic Zoology, 27, 401-410. https://doi.org/10.2307/2412923
  • Friedrich, H. (1933) Morphologische Studien an Nemertinen der Kieler Bucht, I und II. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 144, 496-509.
  • Friedrich, H. (1935a) Studien zur Morphologie, Systematik und Okologie der Nemertini der Kieler Bucht. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 4, 293-375.
  • Friedrich, H. (1935b) Neue Hoplonemertinen der Kieler Bucht. Schriften des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins fur Schleswig-Holstein, 21, 10-19.
  • Friedrich, H. (1936) Nemertini. Die Tierwelt der Nord- und Ostsee, IV.d, 1-69.
  • Friedrich, H. (1938) Atyponemertes korscheltii n. gen. n. spec., ein abweichender Hoplonemertinentypus aus der Nordsee. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 124, 22-30.
  • Friedrich, H. (1939) Einige neue Hoplonemertinen aus der Ostsee. Kieler Meeresforschungen, 3, 233-251.
  • Friedrich, H. (1955) Beitrage zu einer Synopsis der Gattungen der Nemertini Monostilifera nebst Bestimmungsschlussel. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliehe Zoologie, 158, 133-192.
  • Friedrich, H. (1957) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Arktischen Hoplonemertinen. Videnskabelige Meddeleser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kjobenhavn, 119, 129-154.
  • Friedrich, H. (1968) Sagaminemertes, eine bemerkenswerte neue Gattung der Hoplonemertinen und ihre systematische Stellung. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 180, 33-36.
  • Friedrich, H. (1970) Nemertinen aus Chile. Sarsia, 40, 1-80. https://doi.org/10.1080/00364827.1970.10411156
  • Frutos, I., Montalvo, S. & Junoy, J. (1998) A new species of Prosorhochmus (Hoplonemertea, Monostilifera) from the Chafarinas Islands (western Mediterranean). Journal of Zoology, 245, 293-298. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1998.tb00104.x
  • Gering, G. (1912) Neue Nemertinen der schwedischen Westkuste. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 39, 520-523. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95291#page/534/mode/1up]
  • Gibson, R. (1973) A new littoral hoplonemertean (Divanella evelinae gen. et sp. nov.) from the coast of Brazil. Bulletin of Marine Science, 23, 793-810.
  • Gibson, R. (1974) A new species of commensal hoplonemertean from Australia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 55, 247-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1974.tb01647.x
  • Gibson, R. (1982a) Nemertea. In: Parker, S.P. (Ed.), Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. Vol. 1. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 823-846.
  • Gibson, R. (1982b) Nemerteans of the Great Barrier Reef. 5. Enopla Hoplonemertea (Monostilifera). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 75, 269-296. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1982.tb01949.x
  • Gibson, R. (1985) The need for a standard approach to taxonomic descriptions of Nemertea. American Zoologist, 25, 5-14. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/25.1.5
  • Gibson, R.(1986a) Redescription and taxonomic reappraisal of Nemertopsis actinophila Burger, 1904 (Nemertea:Hoplonemertea: Monostilifera). Bulletin of Marine Science, 39, 42-60.
  • Gibson, R. (1986b) A new monostiliferous hoplonemertean, Meionemertes polygonimos gen. et sp. nov., from the South Pacific (Nemertea). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 216, 279-288.
  • Gibson, R. (1988) Evolutionary relationships between mono- and polystiliferous hoplonemerteans: Nipponnemertes (Cratenemertidae), a "missing link" genus? Hydrobiologia, 156, 61-74. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00027979
  • Gibson, R. (1989) Redescription and taxonomic reappraisal of Amphiporus elongatus Stephenson (Nemertea, Enopla) from the Firth of Clyde. Zoologica Scripta, 18, 357-364. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1989.tb00130.x
  • Gibson, R. (1990a) The macrobenthic nemertean fauna of Hong Kong. In: Morton, B.S. (Ed.), Proceedings of the Second International Marine Biological Workshop: The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China. Vol. 1. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong, pp. 33-212.
  • Gibson, R. (1990b) The macrobenthic nemertean fauna of the Albany region, Western Australia. In: Wells, F.E., Walker, D.I., Kirkman, H. & Lethbridge, R. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Third International Marine Biological Workshop: The Marine Flora and Fauna of Albany, Western Australia. Vol. 1. Western Australian Museum, Perth, pp. 89-194.
  • Gibson, R. (1994) Nemerteans. Field Studies Council, Shrewsbury, vii + 224 pp.
  • Gibson, R. (1995) Nemertean genera and species of the world: an annotated checklist of original names and description cita-tions, synonyms, current taxonomic status, habitats and recorded zoogeographic distribution. Journal of Natural History, 29, 271-561. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939500770161
  • Gibson, R. (1999) Further studies on the nemertean fauna of Rottnest Island, Western Australia. In: Walker, D.I. & Wells, F.E. (Eds.), The Seagrass Flora and Fauna of Rottnest Island, Western Australia. Western Australian Museum, Perth, pp. 359-376.
  • Gibson, R. (2002) The Invertebrate Fauna of New Zealand: Nemertea (Ribbon Worms). National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, 87 pp. [https://docs.niwa.co.nz/library/public/Memoir%20118_Marine%20Fauna%20of%20NZ_ Nemertea%20(Ribbon%20Worms)%20-%202002.pdf]
  • Gibson, R. & Crandall, F.B. (1989) The genus Amphiporus Ehrenberg (Nemertea, Enopla, Monostiliferoidea). Zoologica Scripta, 18, 453-470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1989.tb00140.x
  • Gibson, R. & Crandall, F.B. (1991) Case 2707. Amphiporus Ehrenberg, 1831 (Nemertea): proposed designation of Planaria lactiflorea Johnston, 1828 as the type species. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 48, 22-24. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12230693#page/38/mode/1up]
  • Gibson, R. & Jennings, J.B. (1967) "Leucine aminopeptidase" activity in the blood system of rhynchocoelan worms. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 23, 645-651. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-406X(67)90415-X
  • Gibson, R. & Jennings, J.B. (1969) Observations on the diet, feeding mechanisms, digestion and food reserves of the entocommensal rhynchocoelan Malacobdella grossa. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 47, 17-32. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400046397
  • Gibson, R. & Junoy, J. (1991) A new species of Tetrastemma (Nemertea: Enopla: Monostiliferoidea) from Ria de Foz, northwestern Spain, found living in the mantle cavity of the bivalve mollusc Scrobicularia plana. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 103, 225-240. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1991.tb00904.x
  • Gibson, R. & Moore, J. (1971) Occurrence of the freshwater hoplonemertean Prostoma graecense (Bˆ hmig) in Tasmania. Freshwater Biology, 1, 193-195. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1971.tb01556.x
  • Gibson, R. & Moore, J. (1976) Freshwater nemerteans. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 58, 177-218. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1976.tb00828.x
  • Gibson, R. & Moore, J. (1978) Freshwater nemerteans: new records of Prostoma and a description of Prostoma canadiensis sp. nov. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 201, 77-85.
  • Gibson, R. & Moore, J. (1985) The genus Prosorhochmus Keferstein, 1862 (Hoplonemertea). Journal of Zoology, 206, 145- 162. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1985.tb05641.x
  • Gibson, R. & Moore, J. (1998) Further observations on the genus Geonemertes with a description of a new species from the Philippine Islands. Hydrobiologia, 365, 157-171. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003199031726
  • Gibson, R., Moore, J. & Crandall, F.B. (1982) A new semi-terrestrial nemertean from California. Journal of Zoology, 196, 463-474. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1982.tb03518.x
  • Gibson, R., Moore, J., Ruppert, E.E. & Turbeville, J.M. (1986) A new species of Prosorhochmus (Hoplonemertea, Monostilifera) from South Carolina. Journal of Zoology, 209, 327-335. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1986.tb03595.x
  • Gibson, R. & Strand, M. (2002) A new genus and species of monostiliferous hoplonemertean (Enopla: Hoplonemertea: Monostilifera) from New Zealand. Zootaxa, 50, 1-20.
  • Gibson, R. & Sundberg, P. (1992) Three new nemerteans from Hong Kong. In: Morton, B. (Ed.), The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China III. Vol. 1. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong, pp. 97-129.
  • Gibson, R. & Sundberg, P. (2001) Some nemerteans (Nemertea) from Queensland and the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Zoological Science, 18, 1259-1274. https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.18.1259
  • Gibson, R. & Tait, N.N. (1984) A redescription of Tetrastemma unilineatum Joubin 1910, and Antarctic Hoplonemertean (Nemertini). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 212, 139-150.
  • Gibson, R. & Wang, H. (2002) A new genus and species of freshwater monostiliferous hoplonemertean (Nemertea, Enopla) from the People's Republic of China. Hydrobiologia, 489, 185-196. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023236905555
  • Gibson, R., Wickham, D.E. & Kuris, A.M. (1990) A new genus and species of monostiliferoidean nemertean (Nemertea: Enopla) found on an egg mass of the anomuran decapod Paralithodes camtschatica. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 98, 185-198. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1990.tb01215.x
  • Girard, C. (1852) Hecate elegans. [In an untitled article on 'descriptions of two new genera and two species of Nemertes', pre- sented by the Secretary of the Boston Society of Natural History]. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 4, 186. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35742#page/194/mode/1up]
  • Girard, C. (1893) Recherches sur les Planaries et les Nemertiens de l'Amerique du Nord. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, Serie 7, 15, 145-310. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111186#page/155/mode/1up] https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.15104
  • Giribet, G., Carranza, S., Baguna, J., Riutort, M. & Ribera, C. (1996) First molecular evidence for the existence of a Tardigrada + Arthropoda clade. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 13, 76-84. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025573
  • Girty, G.H. (1910) New genera and species of Carboniferous fossils from the Fayetteville Shale of Arkansas. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 20, 189-238. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26492#page/253/mode/1up] https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1910.tb55149.x
  • Gonzalez-Cueto, J., Castro, L.R. & Quiroga, S. (2017) Nipponnemertes incainca sp. n. Adoption of the new taxonomic proposal for nemerteans (Nemertea, Cratenemertidae). ZooKeys, 693, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.693.12015
  • Graff, L. von (1879) Geonemertes chalicophora, eine neue Landnemertine. Morphologisches Jahrbuch, 5, 430-449. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45508#page/496/mode/1up]
  • Griffin, B.B. (1898) Description of some marine nemerteans of Puget Sound and Alaska. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 11, 193-217. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109565#page/265/mode/1up] https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1898.tb54969.x
  • Grube, A.E. (1840) Actinien, Echinodermen und Wurmer des Adriatischen- und Mittelmeers: nach eigenen Sammlungen beschrieben. J. H. Bon, Kˆ nigsberg, 92 pp. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40483#page/5/mode/1up] https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.23025
  • Gulliver, G. (1879) Turbellaria. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 168, 557-563. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/77050#page/573/mode/1up] https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1879.0058
  • Gunnerus, J.E. (1770) Nogle smaa rare or meestendeelen nye Norske Soedyr. Skrifter som udi det Kjobenhavnske Selskab, 10, 166-176. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183235#page/184/mode/1up]
  • Harlin, M. & Sundberg, P. (1995) Cladistic analysis of the eureptantic nemerteans (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea). Invertebrate Systematics, 9, 1211-1229. https://doi.org/10.1071/IT9951211
  • Herrera-Bachiller, A., Perez, J. & Junoy, J. (2014) Occurrence of the ribbon worm Emplectonema neesii (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea) on the Atlantic coast of Spain. Marine Biodiversity Records, 7, E8. https://doi.org/10.1017/S175526721300119X
  • Hett, M.L. (1924) On a new land nemertean from New South Wales (Geonemertes hillii, sp. n.). Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London 1924 [Journal of Zoology 94], (3), 775-787. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1924.tb03314.x
  • Hickman, J.L. & Moore, J. (1990) A new species from Tasmania of the freshwater hoplonemertean, Potamonemertes. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, 124, 51-59. https://doi.org/10.26749/rstpp.124.1.51.
  • Hookabe, N., Tsuchida, S., Fujiwara, Y. & Kajihara, H. (2020) A new species of bathyal nemertean, Proamphiporus kaimeiae sp. nov., off Tohoku, Japan, and molecular systematics of the genus (Nemertea: Monostilifera). Species Diversity, 25 (2), 183-188. https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.25.183
  • Hubrecht, A.A.W. (1874) Aanteekeningen over de Anatomie, Histologie en Ontwikkelingsgeschiedenis van eenige Nemertinen. J. L. Beijers, Utrecht, 66 pp. [http://objects.library.uu.nl/reader/index.php?obj=1874-9848&lan=en#page//16/41/44/16414 4307394886498884867375865787646542.jpg/mode/1up]
  • Hubrecht, A.A.W. (1879) The genera of European nemerteans critically revised, with description of several new species. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 1, 193-232. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37312#page/205/mode/1up]
  • Hubrecht, A.A.W. (1887) Report on the Nemertea collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873-76. Reports of the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger 1873-76, Zoology, 19, 1-150. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29739#page/17/mode/1up] https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.3925
  • Humes, A.G. (1942) The morphology, taxonomy, and bionomics of the nemertean genus Carcinonemertes. Illinois Biological Monographs, 18, 1-105. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50200
  • International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1992) Opinion 1675. Amphiporus Ehrenberg, 1831 (Nemertea): Planaria lactiflorea Johnston, 1828 designated as the type species. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 49, 157. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44490#page/177/mode/1up]
  • International Commission on Zoological Nomenclatutre (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4th Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp.
  • International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (2003) Opinion 2016 (Case 2888). Valdivianemertes Stiasny-Wijnhoff, 1923 (Nemertea): not concerved. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 60, 59-60. [https://archive.org/details/biostor-80528]
  • Iwata, F. (1952) Nemertini from the coasts of Kyusyu. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Series 6, Zoology, 11, 126-148. [https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2115/27119/1/11%281%29_P126-148.pdf]
  • Iwata, F. (1954) The fauna of Akkeshi Bay. XX. Nemertini in Hokkaido. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Series 6, Zoology, 12, 1-39. [https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2115/27137/1/12%281_2%29_P1-39.pdf]
  • Iwata, F. (1960) Studies of the comparative embryology of nemerteans with special reference to their interrelationships. Publications from the Akkeshi Marine Biological Station, 10, 1-51. [https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2115/68363/1/Akkeshi_No10.pdf]
  • Iwata, F. (1970) On the brackish water nemertens from Japan, provided with special circulatory and nephridial organs useful for osmoregulation. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 184, 133-154.
  • Iwata, F. (2001) Nipponnemertes fernaldi, a new species of swimming monostiliferous hoplonemertean from the San Juan Archipelago, Washington, U.S.A. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 114, 833-857. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107511#page/283/mode/1up]
  • Iwata, F. (2006) On four monostiliferous hoplonemerteans, including three new genera and species from Washington State and British Columbia. Journal of Natural History, 40, 873-913. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930600833800
  • Iwata, F. (2007) Cyanonemertes elegans, new genus, new species, a marine hoplonemertean from Washington State, U.S.A. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 120, 197-213. https://doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X(2007)120[197:CENGNS]2.0.CO;2
  • Johnston, G. (1828) Contributions to the British fauna. Zoological Journal, 3, 486-491. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19597#page/548/mode/1up]
  • Johnston, G. (1837) Miscellanea zoologica. II. A description of some planarian worms. Magazine of Zoology and Botany, 1, 529-538. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110264#page/543/mode/1up]
  • Joubin, L. (1890) Recherches sur les Turbellaries des cotes de France (Nemertes). Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, Serie 2, 8, 461-602. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28409#page/519/mode/1up]
  • Joubin, L. (1894) Les Nemertiens. Societe d'Editions Scientifiques, Paris, 235 pp. [https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=svxGAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v =onepage&q&f=false]
  • Joubin, L. (1902) Nemertiens. In: Milne-Edwards, A. & E. Perrier, E. (Eds.), Expeditions scientifiques du "Travailleur" et du "Talisman" pendant les annees 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883. Vol. 6. Masson, Paris, pp. 181-220.
  • Joubin, L. (1910) Nemertinea. National Antarctic Expedition, 1901-1904, 5, 1-15.
  • Junoy, J., Andrade, S.C.S. & Giribet, G. (2011) Phylogenetic placement of a new hoplonemertean species commensal on ascidians. Invertebrate Systematics, 24, 616-629. https://doi.org/10.1071/IS10036
  • Junoy, J. & Gibson, R. (1992) Primeras citas de los nemertinos Oerstedia dorsalis (Abildgaard, 1806) y Tetrastemma vermiculus (Quatrefages, 1846) (Nemertea, Enopla, Monostiliferoidea) para las costas ibericas. Boletin de la Real Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural, 88, 165-177.
  • Kajihara, H. (2002) Two new species of Zygonemertes (Nemertea: Enopla: Monostilifera) from Hokkaido, Japan. Species Diversity, 7, 121-143. https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.7.121
  • Kajihara, H. (2007a) A taxonomic catalogue of Japanese nemerteans (phylum Nemertea). Zoological Science, 24, 287-326. https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.24.287
  • Kajihara, H. (2007b) Ototyphlonemertes dolichobasis sp. nov. (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea: Monostilifera: Ototyphlonemertidae), a new species of interstitial nemertean from Japan. Species Diversity, 12, 57-66. https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.12.57
  • Kajihara, H. (2007c) Two species of Nemertopsis (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea: Monostilifera) living in association with Capitulum mitella (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica: Lepadomorpha). Zootaxa, 1446 (1), 43-58. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1446.1.4
  • Kajihara, H. (2017) Species diversity of Japanese ribbon worms (Nemertea). In: Motokawa, M. & Kajihara, H. (Eds.), Species Diversity of Animals in Japan. Springer Japan, Tokyo, pp. 419-444. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56432-4_16
  • Kajihara, H., Chernyshev, A.V., Sun, S.-C., Sundberg, P. & Crandall, F.B. (2008) Checklist of nemertean genera and species published between 1995 and 2007. Species Diversity, 13, 245-274. https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.13.245
  • Kajihara, H., Gibson, R. & Mawatari, S.F. (2000) Redescription and taxonomic reassessment of Nemertellina minuta Friedrich, 1935, sensu Yamaoka, 1940 (Nemertea, Hoplonemertea, Monostilifera). Zoological Science, 17, 265-276. https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.17.265
  • Kajihara, H., Gibson, R. & Mawatari, S.F. (2001) A new genus and species of monostiliferous hoplonemertean (Nemertea: Enopla: Monostilifera) from Japan. Hydrobiologia, 456, 187-198. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013047207243
  • Kajihara, H., Gibson, R. & Mawatari, S.F. (2003) Potamostoma shizunaiense gen. et sp. nov. (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea: Monostilifera): a new brackish-water nemertean from Japan. Zoological Science, 20, 491-500. https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.20.491
  • Kajihara, H. & Kuris, A. (2013) Ovicides paralithodis (Nemertea, Carcinonemertidae), a new species of symbiotic egg predator of the red king crab Paralithodes camtchaticus (Tilesius, 1815) (Decapoda, Anomura). ZooKeys, 258, 1-15. http://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.258.4260
  • Kajihara, H., Nishi, E., Kawabata, M., Kohtsuka, H. & Uyeno, D. (2015) Records of the poorly known ribbon worm Nipponnemertes ogumai (Nemertea: Monostilifera) and its phylogenetic position. Marine Biodiversity, 45, 175-182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-014-0252-1
  • Kajihara, H., Olympia, M., Kobayashi, N., Katoh, T., Chen, H.-X., Strand, M. & Sundberg, P. (2011) Systematics and phylogeny of the hoplonemertean genus Diplomma (Nemertea) based on molecular and morphological evidence. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 161, 695-722. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00650.x
  • Karling, T.G. (1933) Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Nemertinen des Finnischen Meerbusens. Memoranda Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, 10, 76-90.
  • Keferstein, W. (1862) Untersuchungen uber niedere Seethiere. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 12, 1-147. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104150#page/9/mode/1up]
  • Kennel, J.v. (1877-1878) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Nemertinen. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologisch-Zootomischen Institut in Wurzburg, 4, 305-360, pls. XVII-XIX. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106735#page/311/mode/1up]
  • Kirsteuer, E. (1963) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Systematik und Anatomie der adriatischen Nemertinen (Genera Tetrastemma, Oerstedia, Oerstediella). Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere, 80, 555-616.
  • Kirsteuer, E. (1965) Uber das Vorkommen von Nemertinen in einem tropischen Korallenriff. 4. Hoplonemertini monostilifera. Zoologische Jahrbiicher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere, 92, 289-326.
  • Kirsteuer, E. (1967) New marine nemerteans from Nossi Be, Madagascar. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 178, 110-122.
  • Kirsteuer, E. (1974) Description of Poseidonemertes caribensis sp. n., and discussion of other taxa of Hoplonemertini Monostilifera with divided longitudinal musculature in the body wall. Zoologica Scripta, 3, 153-166. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1974.tb00812.x
  • Kˆ lliker, A. (1845) Drei neue Gattungen von Wurmern. Verhandlungen der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gessellschaft bei ihrer versammlung zu Chur, 29, 86-98.
  • Koroleva, A.G., Chernyshev, A.V., Kiril'chik, S.V., Tasevska, O., Kostoski, G. & Timoshkin, O.A. (2014) The first finding of freshwater nemerteans in Ohrid Lake (Macedonia) with some comments on the taxonomy of the genus Prostoma (Nemertea, Monostilifera). Biology Bulletin, 41, 736-741. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359014090052
  • Korotkevitsch, V.S. (1961) A new nemertean species and its position in the system. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 40, 1416-1420.
  • Korotkevitsch, V.S. (1977) Nemertinui pribrezhnuikh rod kurilskikh ostrovov. In: Gulbin, V.V. (Ed.), Fauna Pribrezhnuikh zon Kurilskikh Ostrovov. Izdatelstvo Nauka, Moscow, pp. 49-124. [in Russian]
  • Korotkevitsch, V.S. (1983) O stiletakh nemertin i novom vide Cratenemertes (Hoplonemertini, Amphiporidae) iz Antarktiki. Antarktika Doklady Komissii, 22, 137-143. [in Russian]
  • Kramer, D. & Dˆ hren, J. von (2015) Arenogigas armoricus, a new genus and species of a monostiliferous hoplonemertean (Nemertea) from the north-west coast of France. Zoological Science, 32, 605-614. https://doi.org/10.2108/zs140266
  • Kulikova, V.I. (1987) New species of the genus Oerstediella (Nemertini, Hoplonemertini) from the Vostok Bay, Sea of Japan. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, 6, 828-836.
  • Kulikova, V.I. (1989) Novuii vid roda Tetrastemma (Nemertini, Hoplonemertini) iz yaponskogo morya. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Biologicheskaya, 4, 628-631.
  • Kvist, S., Laumer, C. E., Junoy, J. & Giribet, G. (2014) New insights into the phylogeny, systematics and DNA barcoding of Nemertea. Invertebrate Systematics, 28, 287-308. https://doi.org/10.1071/IS13061
  • Kvist, S., Chernyshev, A.V. & Giribet, G. (2015) Phylogeny of Nemertea with special interest in the placement of diversity from Far East Russia and northeast Asia. Hydrobiologia, 760, 105-119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-015-2310-5
  • Lagunas-Calvo, O., Hernandez-Mena, D.I., Rivas, G., Contreras-Miron, S., Mendoza-Garfias, B., Echeverria-Martinez, O.M. & Oceguera-Figueroa, A. (2018) Rediscovery of the nemertean Prostoma graecense from Xochimilco, 75 years after its first and only record. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 89, 39-45. https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2018.1.2094
  • Leasi, F., Andrade, S.C.S. & Norenburg, J.L. (2016) At least some meiofaunal species are not everywhere. Indication of geographic, ecological and geological barriers affecting the dispersion of species of Ototyphlonemertes (Nemertea, Hoplonemertea). Molecular Ecology, 25, 1381-1397. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.13568
  • Leidy, J. (1850) Description of new genera of Vermes. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 5, 124-126. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84765#page/158/mode/1up
  • Maclaren, N.H.W. (1901) On the blood vascular system of Malacobdella grossa. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 24, 126-129. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37592#page/142/mode/1up]
  • Magarlamov, T.Y. & Chernyshev, A.V. (2009) Ultrastructure of larval epidermis of the nemertean Quasitetrastemma stimpsoni (Chernyshev, 1992) (Hoplonemertea). Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 35, 34-40. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063074009010064
  • Maslakova, S.A & Norenburg, J.L. (2001) Phylogenetic study of pelagic nemerteans (Pelagica, Polystilifera). Hydrobiologia, 456, 111-132. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013048419113
  • Maslakova, S.A. & Norenburg, J.L. (2008a) Revision of the smiling worms, genus Prosorhochmus Keferstein, 1862, and description of a new species, Prosorhochmus belizeanus sp. nov. (Prosorhochmidae, Hoplonemertea, Nemertea) from Florida and Belize. Journal of Natural History, 42, 1219-1260. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930801995747
  • Maslakova, S.A. & Norenburg, J.L. (2008b) Revision of the smiling worms, genera Prosadenoporus Burger, 1890 and Pantinonemertes Moore and Gibson, 1981 and description of a new species Prosadenoporus floridensis sp. nov. (Prosorhochmidae; Hoplonemertea; Nemertea) from Florida and Belize. Journal of Natural History, 42, 1689-1727. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930802130286
  • Maslakova, S.A., Thiel, M., Vasquez, N. & Norenburg, J.L. (2005) The smile of Amphiporus nelsoni Sanchez, 1973 (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea: Monostilifera: Amphiporidae) leads to a redescription and a change in family. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 118, 483-498. https://doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X(2005)118[483:TSOANS]2.0.CO;2
  • Maslakova, S.A. & Dˆ hren, J. von (2009) Larval development with transitory epidermis in Paranemertes peregrina and other hoplonemerteans. Biological Bulletin, 216, 273-292. https://doi.org/10.1086/BBLv216n3p273
  • Mateos, E. & Giribet, G. (2008) Exploring the molecular diversity of terrestrial nemerteans (Hoplonemertea, Monostilifera, Acteonemertidae) in a continental landmass. Zoologica Scripta, 37, 235-243. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00324.x
  • McDermott, J.J. (1976) Observations on the food and feeding behavior of estuarine nemertean worms belonging to the order Hoplonemertea. Biological Bulletin, 150, 57-68. https://doi.org/10.2307/1540589
  • McDermott, J.J. & Gibson, R. (1993) Carcinonemertes pinnotheridophila sp. nov. (Nemertea, Enopla, Carcinonemertidae) from the branchial chambers of Pinnixa chaetopterana (Crustacea, Decapoda, Pinnotheridae): description, incidence and biological relationships with the host. Hydrobiologia, 266, 57-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00013359
  • McDermott, J.J. & Roe, P. (1985) Food, feeding behavior and feeding ecology of nemerteans. American Zoologist, 25, 113- 125. https://doi.org/10.1093/ICB/25.1.113
  • McIntosh, W.C. (1873-1874) s.n. In: A Monograph of the British Annelids. Part I. The Nemerteans. Ray Society, London, pp. 1-96, pls. I-X (published in 1873) + pp. 97-214, pls. XI-XXIII (published in 1874). [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/118767#page/7/mode/1up]
  • Monastero, S. (1930) I nemertini della spiaggia di Palermo. Atti dell'Academia di scienze, lettere ed arti, Palermo, 15, 48-67.
  • Montgomery, T.H. (1894) Stichostemma eilhardi nov. gen. nov. spec. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Nemertinen. Inaugural dissertation, Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat zu Berlin, Berlin, 75 pp.
  • Moore, J. (1973) Land nemertines of New Zealand. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 52, 293-313. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1973.tb01886.x
  • Moore, J. (1975) Land nemertines of Australia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 56, 23-43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1975.tb00809.x
  • Moore, J. & Gibson, R. (1972) On a new genus of freshwater hoplonernertean from Campbell Island. Freshwater Biology, 2, 187-202. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1972.tb00048.x
  • Moore, J. & Gibson, R. (1973) A new genus of freshwater hoplonemertean from New Zealand. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 52, 141-157. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1973.tb00783.x
  • Moore, J. & Gibson, R. (1981) The Geonemertes problem (Nemertea). Journal of Zoology, 194, 175-201. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1981.tb05768.x.
  • Moore, J. & Gibson, R. (1985) The evolution and comparative physiology of terrestrial and freshwater nemerteans. Biological Reviews, 60, 257-312. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.1985.tb00716.x
  • Moore, J. & Gibson, R. (1988) Marine relatives of terrestrial nemerteans: the genus Prosadenoporus Burger, 1890 (Hoplonemertea). Hydrobiologia, 156, 75-86. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00027980
  • Moore, J., Gibson, R. & Jones, H.D. (2001) Terrestrial nemerteans thirty years on. Hydrobiologia, 456, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013052728257
  • Moore, J., Moore, N.W. & Gibson, R. (1995) Land nemertines of Rodrigues. Journal of Zoology, 237, 241-257. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1995.tb02761.x
  • Moretto, H.J.A. (1970) Sobre un hoplonemertino monostilifero de la Bahia de San Julian (Patagonia). Neotropica, 16, 17-34.
  • Muller, G.J. (1968) Ototyphlonemertes antipai, n. sp. ein neues Mitglied des Mediolitoralen Mesopsammals des Schwarzen Meeres. Travaux du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa", 8, 343-348.
  • Muller, O.F. (1774) Vermivm terrestrium et fluviatilium, seu animalium infusoriorum, helminthicorum, et testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. Voluminis Imi Pars Altera. Heineck et Faber, Havniae et Lipsiae, 72 pp. [locative case of Havnia and Lipsia, Copenhagen and Leipzig, respectively, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100435#page/175/ mode/1up] https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12733
  • Muller, O.F. (1776) Zoologiae Danicae prodromus, seu animalium Daniae et Norvegiae indigenarum characteres, nomina, et synonyma imprimis popularium. Hallager, Havniae (locative case of Havnia, Copenhagen), xxxii + 274 pp. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129624#page/15/mode/1up] https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13268
  • Norenburg, J. (1986) Redescription of a brooding nemertine, Cyanophthalma obscura (Schultze) gen. et comb. n., with observations on its biology and discussion of the species of Prostomatella and related taxa. Zoologica Scripta, 15, 275-293. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1986.tb00229.x
  • Norenburg, J., Gibson, R., Herrera-Bachiller, A. & Strand, M. (2020) World Nemertea Database. Tetrastemma Ehrenberg, 1831. Available from: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=122419 (accessed 4 October 2020)
  • Oken, L. (1815) Okens Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte. Dritter Theil. Zoologie. Mit vierzig Kupfertafeln. Erste Abtheilung. Fleischlose Thiere. August Schmid, Jena, xxviii + 850 + xviii pp. [with 40 copper pls.] [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/276846#page/9/mode/1up]
  • Orsted, A.S. (1843) Forsog til en ny Classification af Planarierne (Planariea Duges) grundet paa mikroskopisk-anatomiske Undersogelser. Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, 4, 519-581. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19563#page/527/mode/1up]
  • Orsted, A.S. (1844) Entwurf einer systematischen Eintheilung und speciellen Beschreibung der Plattwurmer, auf microscopische Untersuchungen. C.A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 69 pp.
  • Oudemans, A.C. (1885) The circulatory and nephridial apparatus of the Nemertea. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, New Series, 25 (Supplement), 1-80. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51059#page/9/mode/1up]
  • Pantin, C.F.A. (1960) Geonemertes: a study in island life. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, 172, 137-152, pls. 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1961.tb00878.x
  • Pantin, C.F.A. (1961) Acteonemertes bathamae, gen. et sp. nov. An upper littoral nemertine from Portobello, New Zealand. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, 172, 153-156. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1961.tb00879.x
  • Pantin, C.F.A. (1969) The genus Geonemertes. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 18, 261-310.
  • Philippe, H., Zhou, Y., Brinkmann, H., Rodrigue, N. & Delsuc, F. (2005) Heterotachy and long-branch attraction in phylogenetics. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 5, 50. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-5-50
  • Punnett, R.C. (1901a) On some Arctic nemerteans. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1901 (Vol. II, May-December), 90-107. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99488#page/148/mode/1up] https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1901.tb08166.x
  • Punnett, R.C. (1901b) Lineus. Proceedings and Transactions of the Liverpool Biological Society, 15, 242-278. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129223#page/336/mode/1up]
  • Punnett, R.C (1903) On the nemerteans of Norway. Bergens Museums Aarbog, 2, 1-35. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130366#page/55/mode/1up]
  • Quatrefages, A. de (1846) Etude sur les types inferieurs de l'embrachement des anneles. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, Serie 3, 6, 173-303. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47986#page/179/mode/1up]
  • Quoy, J.R.C. & Gaimard, J.P. (1833) Voyage de decouvertes de l'Astrolabe execute par ordre du Roi, pendant les annees 1826- 1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville, Zoologie. Tome Quatrieme. J. Tastu, Paris, 390 pp.
  • Reunov, A. A. & Chernyshev, A. V. (1992) The male gonad organization and spermatogenesis in the nemertean worm Tetrastemma nigrifons (Haplonemertini, Tetrastemmatidae). Citologia, 34, 13-20. [https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwi3tMm6mo7tAhXfyYsBHb4k AhEQFjABegQIARAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fcontent%2Fpdf%2F10.1007%252FBF02908703. pdf&usg=AOvVaw0wXUCTqOOZnSs7jLuHngMB]
  • Riches, T.H. (1893) A list of the nemertines of Plymouth Sound. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 3, 1-29. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42734#page/49/mode/1up] https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400049535
  • Riepen, O. (1933) Anatomie und Histologie von Malacobdella grossa (Mull.). Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 143, 323-496.
  • Riser, N.W. (1988) Notogaeanemertes folzae gen. n., sp. n., an additional ecologically restricted hoplonemertean from New Zealand. Hydrobiologia, 156, 125-133. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4063-5_15
  • Riser, N.W. (1998) New Zealand nemertines from kelp holdfasts: Hoplonemertinea 1. Nipponnemertes sanguinea sp. n. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 25, 287-294. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1998.9518157
  • Roe, P. & Wickham, D.E. (1984) Poseidonemertes collaris, n. sp. (Nemertea: Amphiporidae) from California, with notes on its biology. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 97, 60-70. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107500#page/80/mode/1up]
  • Rogers, A.D., Gibson, R. & Tunnicliffe, V. (1996) A new genus and species of monostiliferous hoplonemertean colonizing an inchoate hydrothermal field on Juan de Fuca Ridge. Deep-Sea Research, Part I, Oceanographic Research Papers, 43, 1581-1599. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(96)00076-3
  • Sanchez, M. (1973) Sobre 4 especies de nemertinos de Quintero (Chile). Studies on the Neotropical Fauna, 8, 195-214. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650527309360462
  • Sanchez, M. & Cancino, J. (1980) Fasciculonemertes arenicola gen. et sp. n. (Hoplonemertini Monostilifera) de Chile central. Boletim de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 5, 149-168. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2526-3358.bolzoo.1980.121918
  • Schander, C. & Thollesson, M. (1995) Phylogenetic taxonomy-some comments. Zoologica Scripta, 24, 263-268. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1995.tb00404.x
  • Schmarda, L.K. (1859) Neue Turbellarien, Rotatorien und Anneliden beobachtet und gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde 1853 bis 1857. Erste Halfte [First Half]. W. Engelmann, Leipzig, 66 pp. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/162010#page/11/mode/1up] https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.14426
  • Schrenck, L. von (1862) Vorlaufige Diagnosen einiger neuer Molluskenarten aus der Meerenge der Tartarei und dem Nordjapanischen Meere. Bulletin de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St.-Petersbourg, Serie 3, 4, 408-413 [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105501#page/547/mode/1up]
  • Schultze, M.S. (1851) Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte der Turbellarien. C. A. Koch, Greifswald, 78 pp.
  • Semper, C. (1863) Reisebericht. Briefliche Mittheilung an A. Kˆ lliker. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 13, 558-570. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/159284#page/628/mode/1up]
  • Senz, W. (1993a) Nemertinen europaischer Kustenbereiche (Nebst erganzenden Angaben zur Anatomie von Apatronemertes albimaculosa Wilfert & Gibson, 1974). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 94-95, 47-145.
  • Senz, W. (1993b) Atrionemertes greenlandica gen. et spec. nov. (Nemertini: Hoplonemertini). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 231, 99-110.
  • Senz, W. (1993c) New nemerteans from Scilly Islands (Great Britain). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 94/95, 147-166.
  • Senz, W. (1995) Lineus rovinjensis nom. n. (olim Lineus arenicolus Senz, 1993) and Tetrastemma kirsteueri nom. n. (olim Tetrastemma cruciatus Senz, 1993) (Nemertinea: Heteronemertinea, Hoplonemertinea). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 97B, 55-56.
  • Senz, W. (1996) Prostoma communopore sp. n., eine neue Nemertine aus dem Grundwasser in Osterreich (Nemertini: Hoplonemertini: Monostilifera). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 98B, 23-30.
  • Senz, W. (1997) Redescription and systematic discussion of Amphiporus heterophthalmus (Schmarda, 1859). Spixiana, 20, 193-198.
  • Senz, W. (2001) Neue Nemertinen aus dem Golf von Arabien. 2. Heteronemertini und monostilifere Hoplonemertini. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 103B, 13-75.
  • Shields, J.D. (2001) Ovicides julieae n. gen., n. sp. (Nemertea: Carcinonemertidae) on xanthid crabs from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 21, 304-312. https://doi.org/10.1651/0278-0372(2001)021[0304:OJNGNS]2.0.CO;2
  • Simpson, L.A., Ambrosio, L.J. & Baeza, J.A. (2017) A new species of Carcinonemertes, Carcinonemertes conanobrieni sp. nov. (Nemertea: Carcinonemertidae), an egg predator of the Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus. PLoS ONE, 12, e0177021. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177021
  • Southgate, A.J. (1954) Geonemertes pantini, a new land nemertine from the Dunedin District. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 82, 157-160.
  • Sowerby J (1806) The British Miscellany: or Coloured Figures of New, Rare, or Little Known Animal Subjects; Many not Before Ascertained to be Inhabitants of the British Isles. Taylor, London, 136 pp. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91785#page/7/mode/1up] https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.41623
  • Stephenson, J. (1911) The nemertines of Millport and its vicinity. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 48, 1-29. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130568#page/15/mode/1up] https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080456800018743
  • Stiasny-Wijnhoff, G. (1916) Die Gattung Zygonemertes. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 47, 14-18. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37559#page/24/mode/1up]
  • Stiasny-Wijnhoff, G. (1923) On Brinkmann's system of the Nemertea Enopla and Siboganemertes weberi, n. g. n. sp. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 67, 627-669. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49277#page/763/mode/1up]
  • Stiasny-Wijnhoff, G. (1930) Die Gattung Oerstedia. Zoologische Mededeelingen, 13, 226-240.
  • Stiasny-Wijnhoff, G. (1934) Some remarks on North Atlantic non-pelagic Polystilifera. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 77, 167-190.
  • Stiasny-Wijnhoff, G. (1936) Die Polystilifera der Siboga-Expedition. Siboga Expeditie, 22, 1-214.
  • Stiasny-Wijnhoff, G. (1938) Das Genus Prostoma Duges, eine Gattung von Susswasser-Nemertinen. Archives Neerlandaises de Zoologie, 3, 219-230. https://doi.org/10.1163/036551639X00318
  • Stiasny-Wijnhoff, G. (1942) Nemertinen der Westafrikanischen Kuste. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere, 75, 121-194.
  • Stimpson, W. (1854) Marine Invertebrata of Grand Manan. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 6, 5-67. h ttps://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101275#page/85/mode/1up
  • Stimpson, W. (1855) Descriptions of some of the new marine Invertebrata from the Chinese and Japanese seas. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 7, 375-384. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84761#page/403/mode/1up] https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.51444
  • Stimpson, W. (1857) Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum, quae in Expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum Septentrionalem, a Republica Federata missa, Cadwaladaro Ringgold et Johanne Rodgers Ducibus, observavit et descripsit. Pars II. Turbellarieorum Nemertineorum. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 9, 159-165. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30013#page/175/mode/1up] https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.51447
  • Strand, M., Herrera-Bachiller, A., Nygren, A. & Kanneby, T. (2014) A new nemertean species: what are the useful characters for ribbon worm descriptions? Journal of the Marine Biological Associations of the United Kingdom, 94, 317-330. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002531541300146X
  • Strand, M., Norenburg, J., Alfaya, J.E., Fernandez-Alvarez, F.A., Andersson, H.S., Andrade, S.C.S., Bartolomaeus, T., Beckers, P., Bigatti, G., Cherneva, I., Chernyshev, A., Chung, B.M., Dˆ hren, J. von, Giribet, G., Gonzalez-Cueto, J., Herrera-Bachiller, A., Hiebert, T., Hookabe, N., Junoy, J., Kajihara, H., Kramer, D., Kvist, S., Magarlamov, T.Yu., Maslakova, S., Mendes, C.B., Okazaki, R., Sagorny, C., Schwartz, M., Sun, S.-C., Sundberg, P., Turbeville, J.M. & Xu, C.-M. (2019) Nemertean taxonomy-implementing changes in the higher ranks, dismissing Anopla and Enopla. Zoologica Scripta, 48, 118-119. https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12317
  • Strand, M. & Sundberg, P. (2005a) Genus Tetrastemma Ehrenberg, 1831 (phylum Nemertea)-a natural group? Phylogenetic relationships inferred from partial 18S rRNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 37, 144-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2005.02.006
  • Strand, M. & Sundberg, P. (2005b) Delimiting species in the hoplonemertean genus Tetrastemma (phylum Nemertea): morphology is not concordant with phylogeny as evidenced from mtDNA sequences. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 86, 201-212. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00535.x
  • Strand, M & Sundberg, P. (2015) Phylum Nemertea. In: Thorp, J.H. & Christopher Rogers, D. (Eds.), Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates. 4th Edition. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 205-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-385026-3.00011-5
  • Stricker, S.A. (1982) The morphology of Paranemertes sanjuanensis sp. n. (Nemertea, Monostilifera) from Washington, USA. Zoologica Scripta, 11, 107-115. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1982.tb00523.x
  • Stricker, S.A. (1985) A new species of Tetrastemma (Nemertea, Monostilifera) from San Juan Island, Washington, U.S.A. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63, 682-690. https://doi.org/10.1139/z85-098
  • Sumner, F.B., Osburn, R.C. & Cole, L.J. (1913) A biological survey of the waters of Woods Hole and vicinity. Section III.-A catalogue of the marine fauna of Woods Hole and vicinity. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, 31, 549-794.
  • Sun, S.-C. (1993) A new monostiliferous hoplonemertean: Pseudotetrastemma qingdaoensis gen. nov. sp. nov. In: Shandong Association for Science and Technology (Ed.), Advance in Natural Sciences of Shandong. Scientific and Technical Press of China, Beijing, pp. 1035-1045.
  • Sun, S.-C. (1995a) Nemerteans of Zhoushan Islands, East China Sea coast, China II. Enopla: Distromatorhynchocoela: Monostilifera: Tetrastemmidae. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 13, 278-283. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02850531
  • Sun, S.-C. (1995b) Nemerteans of Zhoushan Islands, East China Sea coast, China I. Enopla: Distromatorhynchocoela: Monostilifera: Emplectonemertidae. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 13, 162-168. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02846822
  • Sun, S.-C. (2001) A new mangrove-dwelling nemertean from China. Hydrobiologia, 456, 199-209. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013003424990
  • Sun, S.-C. & Chen, Y.-H. (1996) Nemerteans of Zhouchan Islands 3. Enopla: Distromatorhynchocoela: Monostilifera: Amphiporidae. In: Li, D.-S. (Ed.), Proceedings of the International Symposium on Aquaculture. Qingdao, P. R. China, 25-28 October 1994. Qingdao University Press, Qingdao, pp. 66-71.
  • Sun, S.-C, Dong, S.-L. & Chen, Y.-H. (1998) A new monostiliferous hoplonemertean from the East China Sea. Ophelia, 49, 17-28. https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1998.10409370
  • Sundberg, P. (1985) Nemertean systematics and phenetic classification: an example from a group of hoplonemerteans. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 85, 247-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1985.tb01505.x
  • Sundberg, P. (1988) A new monostiliferous hoplonemertean (Nemertea), Oerstedia striata sp. n., from the west coast of Sweden. Zoologica Scripta, 17, 135-139. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1988.tb00090.x
  • Sundberg, P. & Gibson, R. (1995) The nemerteans (Nemertea) of Rottnest Island, Western Australia. Zoologica Scripta, 24, 101-141. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1995.tb00395.x
  • Sundberg, P., Chernyshev, A.V., Kajihara, H., Kanneby, T. & Strand, M. (2009) Character-matrix based descriptions of two new nemertean (Nemertea) species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 157, 264-294. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00514.x
  • Sundberg, P., Gibson, R. & Strand, M. (2007) Swedish nemerteans (phylum Nemertea), with description of a new hoplonemertean genus and species. Journal of Natural History, 41, 2287-2299. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930701589939
  • Sundberg, P. & Strand, M. (2007) Annulonemertes (phylum Nemertea): when segments do not count. Biology Letters, 3, 570- 573. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2007.0306
  • Taboada, S., Junoy, J., Andrade, S.C.S., Giribet, G., Cristobo, J. & Avila, C. (2013) On the identity of two Antarctic brooding nemerteans: redescription of Antarctonemertes valida (Burger, 1893) and description of a new species in the genus Antarctonemertes Friedrich, 1955 (Nemertea, Hoplonemertea). Polar Biology, 36, 1415-1430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-013-1360-2
  • Taboada, S., Leiva, C., Junoy, J., Alexander, F. & Riesgo, A. (2018) A new member of the genus Antarctonemertes (Hoplonemertea, Nemertea) from Antarctic waters. Polar Biology, 41, 1463-1473. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-018-2298-1
  • Takakura, U. (1897) On a new species of Malacobdella (M. japonica). Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 1, 105-112. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/152057#page/141/mode/1up]
  • Thollesson, M. & Norenburg, J.L. (2003) Ribbon worm relationships: a phylogeny of the phylum Nemertea. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 270, 407-415. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2002.2254
  • Ushakov, P. (1926) K faune nemertin belogo morya. Issledovaniya Russkikh Morei, 3, 47-71.
  • Ushakov, P. (1927) Eine neue Nemertine des Japanischen Meeres. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 72, 289-290.
  • Ushakov, P. (1928) Beschreibung einiger neuen Nemertinenarten vom Barentz-Meere, Weissen Meere und Nowaja-Semlja. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere, 54, 407-424.
  • Vaillant, L. (1890) Lombriciniens, Hirudiniens, Bdellomorphes, Teretulariens et Planariens. Histoire naturelle des anneles marin et d'eau douce, 3 (2), 341-768. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/214362#page/9/mode/1up]
  • Vazquez, N.N., Bigatti, G., Ituarte, C. & Cremonte, F. (2009) Attachment of the nemertean Malacobdella arrokeana to the mantle of the geoduck Panopea abbreviata and survival outside the host. Journal of Shellfish Research, 28, 759-761. https://doi.org/10.2983/035.028.0404
  • Verrill, A.E. (1873) Report upon the invertebrate animals of Vineyard Sound and the adjacent waters, with an account of the physical characters of the region. In: Baird, S.F. (Ed.), Report on the Condition of the Sea Fisheries of the South Coast of New England in 1871 and 1872. Part 1. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., pp. 295-778. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111259#page/349/mode/1up]
  • Verrill, A.E. (1879) Notice of recent additions to the marine Invertebrata, of the northeastern coast of America, with descriptions of new genera and species and critical remarks on others. Part I-Annelida, Gephyraea, Nemertina, Nematoda, Polyzoa, Tunicata, Mollusca, Anthozoa, Echinodermata, Porifera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 2, 165-205. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31794#page/175/mode/1up] https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.76.165
  • Verrill, A.E. (1892) The marine nemerteans of New England and adjacent waters. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 8, 382-456. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88422#page/408/mode/1up]
  • Verrill, A.E. (1895) Supplement to the marine nemerteans and planarians of New England. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 9, 523-534. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112405#page/567/mode/1up]
  • Wheeler, J.F.G. (1934) Nemerteans from the South Atlantic and southern oceans. 'Discovery' Reports, 9, 215-294.
  • Wheeler, J.F.G. (1940) Some nemerteans from South Africa and a note on Lineus corrugatus M'Intosh. Journal of the Linnean Society, 41, 20-49. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1940.tb02371.x
  • Wynhoff (Wijnhoff), G. (1912) List of nemerteans collected in the neighbourhood of Plymouth from May-September, 1910. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 9, 407-434. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400048359
  • Wijnhoff, G. (1913) Die Gattung Cephalothrix und ihre Bedeutung fur die Systematik der Nemertinen. II. Systematischer Teil. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 34, 291-320. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38162#page/301/mode/1up] https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.19894
  • Willemoes-Suhm, R. von (1874) On a land-nemertine found in the Bermudas. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 13, 409-411. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/78506#page/423/mode/1up] https://doi.org/10.1080/00222937408680895
  • Yamaoka, T. (1940a) The fauna of Akkeshi Bay. IX. Nemertini. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido Imperial University, Series 6, Zoology, 7, 205-261. [https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2115/27028/1/7(3)_P205-263.pdf]
  • Yamaoka, T. (1940b) Two nemerteans from the Riukiu Islands. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 19, 13-18.
  • Yamaoka, T. (1947) Emplectonema mitsuii + Amphiporus ogumai + Prostoma roseocepalum. In: Uchida, S. (Ed.), Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Fauna of Japan (Exclusive of Insects). Revised Edition. Hokuryukan, Tokyo, pp. 1466 + 1468 + 1469. [in Japanese, this is a joint work of 55 authors/submitters with S. Uchida as their representative]
  • Yamaoka, T. (2005) On fourteen monostiliferous hoplonemerteans from the Izu Peninsula, Middle Japan. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 40, 141-158. [A posthumous publication by Dr Fumio Iwata, https://repository.kulib. kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/176324/1/fia0403-4_141.pdf] https://doi.org/10.5134/176324
  • Zaslavskaya, N.I., Akhmatova, A.F. & Chernyshev, A.V. (2010) Allozyme comparison of the species and colour morphs of the nemertean genus Quasitetrastemma Chernyshev, 2004 (Hoplonemertea: Tetrastemmatidae) from the Sea of Japan. Journal of Natural History, 44, 2303-2320. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2010.504891