The goal of open access is to allow more people to read and use research outputs. An observed association between highly cited research outputs and open access has been claimed as evidence of increased usage of the research, but this remains controversial.1,2 A higher citation count also does not necessarily imply wider usage such as citations by authors from more places.3,4,5 A knowledge gap exists in our understanding of who gets to use open access research outputs and where users are located. Here we address this gap by examining the association between an output’s open access status and the diversity of research outputs that cite it. By analysing large-scale bibliographic data from 2010 to 2019, we found a robust association between open access and increased diversity of citation sources by institutions, countries, subregions, regions, and fields of research, across outputs with both high and medium-low citation counts. Open access through disciplinary or institutional repositories showed a stronger effect than open access via publisher platforms. This study adds a new perspective to our understanding of how citations can be used to explore the effects of open access. It also provides new evidence at global scale of the benefits of open access as a mechanism for widening the use of research and increasing the diversity of the communities that benefit from it.
", "languages": [ { "id": "eng", "title": { "en": "English" } } ], "publication_date": "2023-09-20", "publisher": "Zenodo", "related_identifiers": [ { "identifier": "10.5281/zenodo.7081118", "relation_type": { "id": "iscompiledby", "title": { "de": "Kompiliert durch", "en": "Is compiled by" } }, "resource_type": { "id": "software", "title": { "de": "Software", "en": "Software" } }, "scheme": "doi" } ], "resource_type": { "id": "publication-workingpaper", "title": { "de": "Arbeitspapier", "en": "Working paper" } }, "rights": [ { "description": { "en": "The Creative Commons Attribution license allows re-distribution and re-use of a licensed work on the condition that the creator is appropriately credited." }, "icon": "cc-by-icon", "id": "cc-by-4.0", "props": { "scheme": "spdx", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "title": { "en": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International" } } ], "subjects": [ { "subject": "Open Access" }, { "subject": "Diversity" }, { "subject": "Citation" }, { "subject": "Usage" }, { "subject": "Repositories" }, { "subject": "Scholarly Publishing" }, { "subject": "Crossref" }, { "subject": "Microsoft Academic" }, { "subject": "Research Organization Registry" } ], "title": "Open Access Research Outputs Receive More Diverse Citations", "version": "3" }, "parent": { "access": { "owned_by": { "user": "73620" }, "settings": { "accept_conditions_text": null, "allow_guest_requests": false, "allow_user_requests": false, "secret_link_expiration": 0 } }, "communities": { "entries": [ { "access": { "member_policy": "open", "members_visibility": "public", "record_submission_policy": "open", "review_policy": "open", "visibility": "public" }, "children": { "allow": false }, "created": "2022-11-24T03:33:06.248704+00:00", "custom_fields": {}, "deletion_status": { "is_deleted": false, "status": "P" }, "id": "4013ae4f-e5cb-4b88-89aa-75fd8f46e4cd", "links": {}, "metadata": { "curation_policy": "Entries in Zenodo where Chun-Kai (Karl) Huang is listed as author or contributor.
\r\n", "page": "This is a collection of all Zenodo entries where Chun-Kai (Karl) Huang is listed as an author or a contributor.
\r\n\r\nORCID: 0000-0002-9656-5932
", "title": "Chun-Kai (Karl) Huang's personal repository" }, "revision_id": 0, "slug": "ck-karl-huang", "updated": "2022-11-24T04:29:31.832119+00:00" }, { "access": { "member_policy": "open", "members_visibility": "public", "record_submission_policy": "open", "review_policy": "open", "visibility": "public" }, "children": { "allow": false }, "created": "2022-11-22T09:44:07.689352+00:00", "custom_fields": {}, "deletion_status": { "is_deleted": false, "status": "P" }, "id": "449af72f-6184-47e6-a502-914038f48c24", "links": {}, "metadata": { "curation_policy": "This page collects academic research outputs produced by or involving Lucy Montgomery.
\r\n", "page": "This is a collection of publications and preprints by or involving Lucy Montgomery.
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Humanities Commons Profile Page: https://hcommons.org/members/lucymontgomery/
", "title": "Lucy Montgomery Personal Repository" }, "revision_id": 0, "slug": "lucy_montgomery_personal_repository", "updated": "2022-11-22T09:44:07.689363+00:00" }, { "access": { "member_policy": "open", "members_visibility": "public", "record_submission_policy": "open", "review_policy": "open", "visibility": "public" }, "children": { "allow": false }, "created": "2019-11-20T07:33:04.148388+00:00", "custom_fields": {}, "deletion_status": { "is_deleted": false, "status": "P" }, "id": "ab652141-69ba-48d7-9a9b-be7d0b5092c9", "links": {}, "metadata": { "description": "The Curtin Open Knowledge Initiative (COKI) was established in 2017 at Curtin University in Perth, Western Australia. Our goal is to change the stories that universities tell about themselves, and to put open knowledge at the heart of that narrative.", "organizations": [ { "id": "02n415q13" } ], "page": "Universities exist to support the creation and transfer of knowledge. Efforts by universities to enable open knowledge have the potential to broaden the impact of higher education and research institutions. Our team is exploring the mechanisms that will allow universities to work more effectively with local and global communities in the production of knowledge; as well as those that support its uptake and application both within and beyond academia.
\n\nhttp://openknowledge.community/about-coki/
\n\nUniversities exist to support the creation and transfer of knowledge. Efforts by universities to enable open knowledge have the potential to broaden the impact of higher education and research institutions. Our team is exploring the mechanisms that will allow universities to work more effectively with local and global communities in the production of knowledge; as well as those that support its uptake and application both within and beyond academia.
\n\nThe Curtin Open Knowledge Initiative (COKI) group is developing a broad program of work on the theme of ‘open knowledge institutions’, supported in the first instance through a 2-year strategic research grant from Curtin University. The goal of our project is to develop tools and data that will allow universities to understand how effectively they are operating as open knowledge institutions; and to support strategic change in higher education and research.
\n\nCombining data science and a critical perspective we are addressing questions of how to collect and manage data at a large scale, as well as how sharing this data and analysis will effect the ecosystem. Using Google Cloud tools to harvest, combine and analyse large amounts of output, staffing, narrative and other data sources we are building new capabilities to support university decision making.
\n\nThis first major output from the project is the book Open Knowledge Institutions: Reinventing Universities. Currently available here [https://wip.mitpress.mit.edu/oki] as a draft book hosted by MIT Press and open for community comment and review.
\n\nOur ultimate goal is to create a shift in the ways in which university performance is evaluated: subverting existing competitive impulses and promoting a collective goal of more open and productive universities. Building a community of institutions and individuals around a shared narrative and open knowledge agenda will be key to this.
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