ID,Caption
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000001,"Chest X-ray showing enlarged cardiac silhouette with cardiothoracic ratio of 70%, and mild pulmonary congestion."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000002,"Digital subtraction ureterogram with contrast injected as the sheath was retracted demonstrating a fistula between the distal ureter and an IMA branch (black arrow). Also seen, multiple filling defects within the left renal pelvis and left dilated proximal ureter, consistent with blood clots"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000003,"Fifty-eight-year-old woman with 2 cancers: one seen on DBT but not visible with US, and one seen on US but not on DBT. She presented for screening with DBT. (A) Right 2D MLO view was negative, but asymmetry was seen (B) medially on the craniocaudal (CC) view. DBT (C) MLO and (D) CC views show architectural distortion (arrows) in the upper inner quadrant. US was negative in the upper inner quadrant (no image), but showed a suspicious mass in the 9 o’clock position (arrows in (E). (F) The upper inner quadrant mass was biopsied with DBT-guidance (scout view) and was an invasive lobular carcinoma. The 9 o’clock mass was biopsied with US-guidance and was an invasive ductal carcinoma."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000004,CT scan image for lung cancer.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000005,A giant retroperitoneal tumor.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000006,Biphasic CECT of the abdomen showing dilated CBD in its entire course (arrow) with an abrupt cutoff in the distal end before joining the duodenum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000007,18F-FDG PET-CT showing FDG avid soft tissue periampullary thickening measuring ~2.7 × 1.2 cm with a maximum standard unit value (SUVmax) of 6.9 extending into the D2–D3 junction with ill-defined fat planes with pancreas medially (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000008,Early axial T2-weighted MRI.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000009,Late sagittal T2-weighted MRI.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000010,Chest X-ray revealing bilateral pleural effusions right middle lobe consolidation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000011,"DSA showing tight left internal carotid artery stenosis.Foot note: DSA, Digital Subtraction Angiography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000012,Abdominal X-ray. Improvement of the obstruction was confirmed.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000013,Neck and head computed tomography image showing left odontogenic infection.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000014,Initial chext X-ray at presentation to the ER which shows B/L diffuse patchy infiltrates
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000015,Retrograde portography performed with 40 mL iodinated contrast medium over a 10 French guiding catheter.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000016,Coronal plane of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showing an increased bilateral signal intensity involving the cortex and subcortical white matter of the occipital lobe (Arrows) on the T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000017,Visualization of the different insertion angles (exemplary representation of a patient of conventional surgery group A). White arrow represents the optimal insertion vector (theoretical; through the middle cranial fossa). Green arrow represents the theoretical hybrid CBCT-laser-fluoroscopic-guided insertion vector. Red arrow represents the actual surgical insertion vector. (A) angle of deviation of the conventional surgery vector from the optimal insertion vector (angle alpha). (B) Angle of deviation of the hybrid CBCT-laser-fluoroscopic-guided insertion vector from the optimal insertion vector (angle beta). (C) Cutaneous distance between actual surgical vector and the theoretical hybrid CBCT-laser-fluoroscopic-guided vector
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000018,Chest X-ray. Chest X-ray showed no abnormal findings such as obvious infiltration shadows or consolidative change. R: right side.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000019,Preoperative ankle MRI showed initial diagnosis of peroneal brevis split tear. The yellow circle indicated a split tear of peroneal brevis tendon.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000020,"Chest X-ray obtained upon initial presentation. Notable for left lower lobar consolidation with associated pleural effusion, and atelectasis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000021,Brain MRI coronal T2 showing hyperintensity in the left anterior temporal lobe
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000022,"The whole body F18-FDG PET/CT tomography scan (July 31, 2009) showing a pulmonary nodule on upper lobe of the left lung. The radioactive intake is moderate and a nodule on left Lung Gate. F18-FDG-PET/CT = Fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose- Positron emission tomography/computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000023,"Computed tomography images after treatment. Thoracic SMARCA4‐deficient undifferentiated tumor showing osteolytic changes in the ribs (asterisk) is noted. However, pleural thickening (yellow arrow) disappears and pleural effusion (yellow arrowhead) decreases in the mediastinal window setting."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000024, The typical computer tomography of the chest finding of a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 infection showing bilateral ground-glass opacity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000025,"Transverse view of the lesion within the left adnexa, which contains a thin septation measuring 4.3 cm and adjacent free fluid extending to the posterior cul-de-sac."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000026,Computer tomography of chest axial view. Computer tomography of chest showing multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules noted (black arrows) largest 1.5 cm in right lower lobe. Multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules were also noted concerning metastases. There were filling defects noted in the right lower lobe compatible with pulmonary emboli.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000027,Computer tomography image of chest/abdomen/pelvis showing adrenal mass on coronal plane. Image showing heterogenous 7.7 cm lesion in length (black arrow) appearing to be arising from left adrenal glands in contact with the upper pole of left kidney with areas of hypodensity suggesting necrosis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000028,The moderate subtype of perirolandic injury (red arrows) including partial SMA involvement at the ventral aspect of the PCL (yellow arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000029,Preoperative panoramic radiograph observing the carious lesions.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000030,Measurement technique of the femoral head sphericity. A indicates the radius of the smallest circle that fits within the contour of the femoral head. B indicates the radius of the largest circle which encloses the femoral head. The ratio is calculated by A divided by B.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000031,Chest radiographs show no obvious substantial lesions in both lungs.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000032,A postoperative lateral radiograph of the torso (red arrows) demonstrates a properly aligned stent inside the abdominal aorta. Yellow arrows indicate strong pedicle crew fixation from L1-S1.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000033,X-ray of the abdomen without preparation: Large extra luminal gas collection (black arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000034,Preoperative CT (axial plane) demonstrating appendix rupture with a gas containing collection (red arrows) adjacent to the caecum (green arrow). The collection contains multiple appendicoliths (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000035,Computed tomography (9CT) abdomen Yellow arrow indication 5.3 cm mass
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000036,"Day 3 Chest X-ray, showed right-sided pneumothorax (yellow arrows) with left-sided ICT in situ (red arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000037,"CT Chest image after receiving chemotherapy showed cystic change in the parenchymal nodule (yellow arrow), with right-sided surgical emphysema (green arrow) and right-sided ICT in situ (red arrow). A lesion can also be seen in the left breast (orange arrow). "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000038,Plain film showing metallic object in appendix
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000039,"Representative case with pulmonary cryptococcosis showed some nodules accompanied by halo signs, positive for CrAg in both the serum and lung aspirate."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000040,Computed tomography scan 3 months following SARS-CoV2 infection.Bilateral ground-glass opacities and mild peripheral reticular pattern.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000041,"Ultrasound images in the transverse view at the midaxillary line. The target is the fascial plane (yellow) in between the latissimus dorsi muscle and serratus anterior muscle. Needle path (red) should be at a 30° to 60° angle from the skin. For orientation purposes the intercostal muscles, rib, and visceral parietal pleural interfaces have been noted in the figure."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000042,CT-scan abdomen showing the bezoar at the pylorus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000043,Ultrasonography showing hypoechoic mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000044,Computer tomography assisted cisternography. Note the lack of contrast medium flow into the intraorbital optic nerve subarachnoid space and enlarged optic nerve sheath diameters.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000045,"Contrast-enhanced CT showing an irregular hepatic artery (arrow), inhomogeneous contrast of the liver in cirrhosis and changes in angiosarcoma in the right lobe of the liver."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000046,CT image of the pronounced constriction of the portal vein and VMS in the region of the hepatic hilus and the mesenteric root.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000047,Lateral tibia-fibula radiographs of initial open tibia/fibula shaft fractures.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000048,Lateral tibia-fibula intra-operative radiographs of irrigation and debridement with concomitant flexible nailing of the tibial shaft.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000049,One-month post-operative anterior-posterior tibia-fibula radiographs of flexible nailing of the tibia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000050,Three-month post-operative lateral tibia-fibula radiographs of flexible nailing of tibial shaft.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000051,"A cortical fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) image A hyperintense lesion in the medial side of the right frontal lobe with restricted diffusion in the diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), representing a small acute infarction (white arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000052,A CT scan of the chest The scan shows a right upper lobe cavitary nodule (white arrow) with left lung ground-glass nodules and bilateral pleural effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000053,Abdominal CT scan The scan shows a septated cystic lesion in segment 5/6 of the liver (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000054,Abdominal CT scan The scan shows large multiloculated cystic lesions in segment 8/7 of the liver (dashed circle).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000055,Pelvic CT scan. The scan shows loculated prostatic abscesses (dashed circle). 
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000056,A CT scan of the chest. The scan shows a small nodule-like consolidation in the lower lobe of the left lung (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000057,Multiple ground-glass nodules appear on CT after 5 courses of nivolumab.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000058,AP view plain radiograph reveals a markedly distended inverted U-shaped bowel loop sigmoid colon (coffee bean sign).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000059,"Fifty-six-year-old man with atypical load-independent chest pain not extending further. Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), also referred to as Forestier disease, was diagnosed and treated with analgesics and physical therapy, which contributed to chest pain relief"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000060,Computed tomography image of a patient with esophageal cancer before receiving elective thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). The arrowheads are esophageal cancer invading the aortic wall. The arrow demonstrates the obliteration of the triangular fat space between the esophagus and thoracic aorta. These findings are indicated for elective TEVAR.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000061,Illustrative stuttering symptom case.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000062,"Coronal CT demonstrating left ventricular wall defect and intrapericardial thrombus; asterisk = left ventricular cavity, arrow = left ventricle free wall defect, arrowhead = thrombus."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000063,Immediate postoperative plain radiograph showing femoral head fixation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000064,Follow-up radiograph at 1 month postoperatively
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000065,Follow-up radiograph at 12 months showing femoral head osteonecrosis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000066,The patient was found to have a single liver mass during a regular physical examination in 2016.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000067,Coronary angiogram image showing type III (yellow arrow) left anterior descending artery arising from the right ostium (red arrow) supplying up to the apex. The right coronary artery shows multiple lesions (green arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000068,Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine showing signal abnormalities of the cord involving the central aspect with inflammatory etiologies consistent with neuromyelitis optica (red arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000069,Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a 3 × 2.6-cm soft tissue mass in the anterior abdominal wall.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000070," A 69-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain and jaundice 12 mo after surgery for high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Endoscopic ultrasound from the duodenal bulb revealed numerous metastatic lymph nodes obstructing the bile duct by extrinsic compression. Endoscopic biliary drainage was performed, but the patient died 1 mo later."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000071,Computed tomography of the chest demonstrating a large right-sided pleural effusion with near-complete right lung collapse and a mediastinal shift of thoracic structures to the left.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000072,"Chest radiograph 24 hours following initial t-PA and DNase administration through the IPC, demonstrating interval improvement in right-sided opacities.t-PA: tissue plasminogen activator; DNase: dornase alfa; IPC: indwelling pleural catheter."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000073,Radiography after cement filling following large cortical bone allograft insertion after curettage. The arrow indicates the large cortical bone allograft
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000074,“Barcode sign” seen in M-mode.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000075,"CT scan of abdomen and pelvis with contrast. Arrows show diffuse colonic wall thickening involving the mid-transverse colon to the rectum/anus compatible with significant inflammation in a 23-year-old man with UC. UC, ulcerative colitis; CT, computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000076,Initial chest x-ray on presentation to the emergency department
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000077,"Axial MRI T2 showing heterogeneous necrotic mass arising from the left prostate (red arrow), invading the rectal wall"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000078,Representative CT simulation image in the sagittal plane of the field borders for high tangents.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000079,Fluoroscopic image showing final strut graft and bone graft substitute construct spanning the metatarsal phalangeal joint.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000080,1-month post-operative anteroposterior image demonstrating maturation of arthrodesis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000081,Septostomy With Peripheral Balloon Before Left Atrial Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Venous Cannula Insertion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000082,Axial view of non-enhancing T1 hyperintensity within the right putamen
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000083,Sagittal view of non-enhancing T1 hyperintensity within right putamen
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000084,Ultrasonographic image of the lumbar spine of a dog in the longitudinal paramedian plane on the dorsal side: AP—articular process; FJ—facet joint.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000085,Cone-beam computed tomography image of a medial lingual foramen and the measured parameters
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000086,Lung image without pneumonia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000087,Computed tomography image showing osteonecrosis of the talus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000088,"KUB x-ray demonstrating the stone KUB: kidney, ureter, and bladder"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000089,T2-weighted magnetic resonance image. The image demonstrates heterogeneously T2 hyperintense lesions in the right greater than left thalami with associated elevated T2 signal in the right internal capsule and adjacent white matter.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000090,"Coronal plane MRI showing oedema in the distracted symphysis with a cavity in the right periarticular subchondral bone, indicating a spread of infection from the cartilaginous disc"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000091, Shearwave. 2D shearwave assessment of a normal liver: both qualitative (blue coloured box) and quantitative information (ROI measurement: 5.1 kPa) are available.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000092,Cardiac CT scan demonstrating a left mediastinal shift in the patient.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000093,Chest/abdomen x-ray: AP view showing bilateral hazy opacities. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax was noted. AP: anteroposterior
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000094,Post-extubation chest/abdomen x-ray: AP view showing significantly improved aeration of both lungs. AP: anteroposterior
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000095,An infant with chondrodysplasia punctata. Multiple puncta are seen in the tarsal bones and the phalanges
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000096,A 26-year-old male with pachydermoperiostosis. Radiograph shows irregular periosteal reaction of the short tubular bones and the long bones. Digital clubbing is also seen
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000097,Abdominal computed tomography scan showing a large well-defined mass of the left adrenal gland with fat density suggesting myelolipoma (Blue arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000098,"Typical 21-MHz ultrasound biomicroscopy image depicting sections of the rat liver and right kidney.The regions of interest (ROIL and ROIK) surrounded by a yellow contour were used to calculate the corresponding the average gray-level intensities AIL and AIK for the liver and kidney parenchyma, respectively."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000099,Chest plain radiography (portable) showing bilateral diffuse pulmonary opacities and cardiomegaly suggestive of ARDS.ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000100,CT scan showing left lobe liver abscess with fishbone.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000101,Chest-X-ray showing homogenous opacity at left upper lobe and left retrocardiac area with left lung volume loss
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000102,"Six months after pylorus‐preserving pancreatoduodenectomy combined with extended lymph node dissection, the patient complained of abdominal pain and bloating. Computer tomography (CT) scans showed systemically metastasized to liver and peritoneum"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000103,"Contrast-enhanced MRI of the cervical spine, axial view. T2-weighted image: prominent epidural veins (blue arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000104,CT-guided injection. Axial section showing the tip of the 22G spinal needle at the right C7/T1 foramen. The contrast was injected to confirm flow centrally (yellow arrowhead).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000105,Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the chest (CECT-chest) showing bilateral involvement
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000106,Chest X-ray at postoperative Day 3 showing a well-expanded right lung with only minor residual atelectasis at the base.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000107,"A PET scan performed at the initial encounter. The PET scan obtained before starting treatment showed a large soft tissue mass occupying the right hemithorax, invading the anterior chest wall and the overlying ribs, consistent with the known Ewing sarcoma. There was no evidence of FDG-avid disease in the rest of the body."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000108,"CT imaging features of liver steatosis. Caption: Transverse CT image of the liver showing decreased density of the liver compared to the spleen in this 38-year old patient with NAFLD. In GlyH, the inverse image can be witnessed with increased density compared to the spleen, but due to concomitant steatosis, this contrast is potentially attenuated in metabolic patients."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000109,Erect chest X-ray showing normal anatomy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000110,"Abdominal computed tomography scan with contrast showing free fluid (purple arrows) around the liver, in the right iliac fossa, and pelvis, with dilated small bowel loops (red arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000111,The evaluation of the C2–C7 Cobb angle and the SVA
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000112, The tip position was in the 8th thoracic vertebra.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000113,Horizontal offset was defined as the horizontal distance between the medial surface of the intramedullary nail and the medial tip of helical blade. Horizontal offset is the lever arm of first class lever on schematic drawing.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000114,"Sagittal CT scan with contrast enhancement. Red arrows point to the sharply demarcated end of venous thrombus in the superior sagittal sinus and in the great cerebral vein (of Galen). Additionally, the inferior sagittal sinus is not filled with contrast, indicating thrombosis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000115,T2-weighted axial image showing hyperintense signal in the cervical cord on the right side.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000116,"Computerized Topography for the patient chest from the Axial view demonstrating a right lobe cavitary lesion with internal gal bubbles and fluids, measuring about 6.3*5.1*4.8 cm in the right lower lobe associated with adjacent ground glass opacities and minimal left plural and fissural effusion."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000117,"X-ray image of an intercalary endoprosthesis with the formation of heterotopic ossification around the implant after the resection of a renal cell carcinoma metastasis, with a bone bridge connecting the proximal and distal bone fragments. This image is from patient 1 in Table 1."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000118,Echocardiography finding showing epicardial mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000119,"Computed tomography angiography image showing ruptured aneurysm of the right sinus of Valsalva (SVA); contrast can be seen passing from aorta to the right atrium; Ao, aorta; RA, right atrium; LV, left ventricle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000120,Pre‐treatment panoramic image of the peripheral compound odontoma
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000121,"Pseudoaneurysm arising from the basal posterolateral wall. (A) Pseudoaneurysm, (B) thrombus, (C) left atrium, and (D) left ventricle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000122,Sagittal cardiac computed tomography angiography with demonstration of the pseudoaneurysm cavity with a wide neck. (A) Pseudoaneurysm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000123,MRI at first visit. Gadolinium-enhanced fat-saturated T1-weighted image. Yellow arrow: tumor located in the left parotid gland
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000124,First recurrence in April 2018Gadolinium-enhanced fat-saturated T1-weighted image. Yellow arrow: local recurrence within the radiation field
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000125,Representative coronal sections with dose distributions
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000126,Representative sagittal sections with dose distributions
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000127,Postoperative open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) x-ray showing good fixation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000128,"Computed tomographic imaging of brain on admission, showing no intracranial bleeding or space-occupying lesion"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000129,CT scan (orange arrow) highlighting parietal thickening involving duodenum and proximal jejunum of probable inflammatory nature.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000130,MRI Axial T2 FLAIR demonstrating right insular CVA (yellow arrow) MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; FLAIR: fluid-attenuated inversion recovery; CVA: cerebrovascular accident
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000131,Coronary calcium scan showing diffuse severe coronary calcifications.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000132,CT SCAN voluminous hypodense formation located on the left cerebellopontine angle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000133,Ultrasound of the abdomen showing small gallstones with echogenic sludge with gallbladder wall thickening
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000134,"Coronal plane CT-PNS image showing, soft tissue density lesion completely occluding right maxillary sinus, entering the right nasal cavity through the widened ostium with mass effect on the nasal septum resulting in deviated nasal septum with convexity toward the left side causing partial obstruction of the left nasal cavity and atrophy of the corresponding middle turbinate due to compression.PNS - paranasal sinuses"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000135,Axial plane CT-PNS image showing soft tissue density lesion completely occluding right ethmoid sinus.PNS - paranasal sinuses
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000136,Axial plane CT-PNS image showing soft tissue density lesion completely occluding frontal sinus.PNS - paranasal sinuses
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000137,Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography showing giant a cyst in the left lateral segment of the liver.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000138,"Abdominal ultrasound shows sludge in the gallbladder, gallbladder wall thickening, and pericolecystic fluid."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000139,Aviso 50 MHz ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) image with the horizontal line marking the sulcus-to-sulcus (STS) diameter
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000140,Chest X-ray showing mild left basilar atelectasis and/or infiltrate
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000141,CT chest without contrast coronal view showing moderate right pleural effusion (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000142,Chest radiograph of first pneumothorax located in the right upper lobe (black arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000143,Coronal image of computed tomography scan showing partial resolution of right-side pneumothorax with residual pneumothorax on the right upper lobe (black arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000144,Axial computed tomography image shows multiple sub-centimeter cysts vs blebs in the right upper lobe parenchyma with pneumothorax (black arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000145,Frontal chest X-ray shows bilateral multiple confluent alveolar peripheral and medial peribronchovascular infiltrations with air bronchogram.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000146,Measurement of the tegumental piriform opening.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000147,Multiple axillary lymph nodes in the left axillary region (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000148,Mediastinal lymphadenopathy on chest CT scan (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000149,Veno-venous collateral vessel seen by Cardiac Catheterization. After injection in the left arm a large vessel (red arrow) arising from the left brachiocephalic venous system is visualized. The vessel courses inferiorly connecting to the left pulmonary veins.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000150,Contrast-enhanced CT showing the enhanced and distorted lesion with focal calcification (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000151,Computed tomography of the abdomen revealing splenomegaly but no other relevant findings.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000152,Osteoprotegerin (OPG) showing bone resorption with distal root of 16
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000153,Mammography demonstrating microcalcifications at the lower and medial site (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000154,Sagittal CT view of the lumbar spine with changes in L2L3 and L5S1 endplates
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000155,Chest X-ray day 10 of admission revealing extensive bilateral infiltrates with pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000156,Chest CT for the first time in our hospital showed a space-occupying mass in the lower lobe of the right lung.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000157,Axial MRI showing FLAIR signal hyperintensity (white arrow) in the right aspect of the cerebellum.MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; FLAIR: fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000158,Location of fish oil capsules in MRI scan
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000159,Transverse view: Inferior slice showing enhancement in the middle cranial fossa of the anterior right temporal lobe.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000160,Coronal view: enhancement seen in the middle cranial fossa of the anterior right temporal lobe.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000161,"Divide the radius of each circle in half and if the catheter is in the center, it is called a good position (A). When the catheter is halfway out, it is called a poor position (B)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000162,Contrast-enhanced CT of abdomen showing enlarged head of pancreas (indicated by the arrow) with dilated main pancreatic duct.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000163,Plain lumbar radiograph of the patient shows extensive bilateral ossification between successive vertebral bodies with a bamboo spine appearance. Ankylosis of both the sacroiliac and hip joints is also seen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000164,The chest X-ray showed multifocal bilateral patchy interstitial and alveolar infiltrates. No pneumothorax was present. Findings were consistent with multifocal bronchiolitis pneumonia consistent with the history of COVID-19 pneumonia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000165,Initial thoracic CT.Red circle showing numerous nodules in the lung
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000166,MRI of the brain.Red arrows pointing to lesions concerning possible acute embolic infarctions versus brain metastases
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000167,Chest X-ray PA view (bilateral diffuse opacities).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000168,Erect chest X ray showing air under right hemi-diaphragm (red arrow) in a 23-year-old man with the history of jumping from the door of Indian jumbo truck.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000169,CT abdomen showing recanalisation of the portal vein. 
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000170,CT axial cross-section showing dilated small bowel loop.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000171,CTA of the chest.Computed tomography angiography (CTA) scan of the chest showing multifocal patchy infiltrates with slight mosaic pattern but no noted cavitary lesion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000172,Normal brain CT without contrast (sagittal view)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000173,"MRI of the brain with 10.5mm lesion in parieto-occipital lobe (FLAIR, sagittal view)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000174,"Chest x-ray showing coat-hanger appearance of the rib cage with increased coat-hanger angle (33° on the right side and 31° on the left side). In addition, the ratio between mid-to-widest thoracic diameter is significantly decreased to 68%"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000175,Osteosarcoma of the right mandibular condyle (red arrow). The presence of air around the right parapharyngeal space in the maxilla level (indicated by yellow arrows) was confirmed by computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000176,The presence of air around the right parapharyngeal space in the neck level (indicated by yellow arrows) was confirmed by computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000177,FLAIR MRI tectal hyperintensity. FLAIR MRI of the brain shows hyperintensity over the tectum (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000178,Head Computed Tomography scan demonstrates an acute hemorrhage in the left frontal lobe with associated vasogenic edema and severe left-to-right midline shift.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000179,"Pituitary adenoma, cat. Postcontrast transverse CT image of the skull in soft tissue window. An 8.6 by 8.3 by 6.8 mm mass (arrow) is noted at the anatomical region of the pituitary gland. A slice thickness of 0.62 mm was used."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000180,CT chest (transverse) showing cardiomegaly and some signs of fluid overload
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000181,Cardiac MRI short axis view without abnormal late gadolinium enhancement or abnormal signal to suggest myocarditis or infiltrative cardiomyopathy
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000182,Coronal CT of the left hip and femoral acetabular joint.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000183,Postoperative anteroposterior radiograph of the pelvis after total hip replacement with a dual mobility system.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000184,"AP radiograph of the pelvis showing pseudoarthrosis of femur neck fracture with significant varus deformity: neck-shaft angle, 75 degree; Pauwels type 3, 63 degree."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000185,"Coronal view of CT abdomen/pelvis demonstrating presence of extraluminal air and fluid, adjacent to the small bowel."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000186,"CT angiogram, axial view: Yellow arrows pointing at emboli (grey area) within pulmonary arteries"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000187,Axial view post-treatment
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000188,Sagittal view post-treatment
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000189,Acetabular cup inclination. Method of calculation of acetabular cup inclination on AP pelvic radiographs as the angle formed between a line drawn along the opening of the acetabular component and one joining the ischial tuberosities
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000190,Right anterior oblique caudal view: Dissection extending from Ostium to mid LAD beyond the 2nd diagonal (arrow) with 90% stenosis (indicated by arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000191,Perioperative transoesophageal echocardiography mid-oesophageal aortic valve long-axis view showing a stent protruding from the right coronary artery almost 1 cm into the Sinus of Valsalva (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000192,CT scan showing multiple compression fractures of thoracic vertebrae
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000193,"Anterioposterior view of snare manipulation to remove the filter. The patient was referred 90 days after implantation for filter removal. The cavogram showed a patent filter without tilt or filter struts vena cava penetration. A 20 mm snare was deployed over the filter hook. Since the filter was hooked, snare wire was pinned while the 13Fr catheter was advanced over the snare wire to collapse the filter. The filter was pulled into the 13fr catheter for extraction. The post extraction cavogram showed no abnormality."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000194,Brain magnetic resonance images show relatively normal brainstem and cerebellum of the index patient (II:1).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000195,Bilateral patchy infiltrates in the lower lung lobes in a 55-year old man (severe symptom group).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000196,"Morphology of the Depressor Anguli Oris (DAO) in the high-resolution brightness (B)-mode examination. Using the preset program Small Parts and the B-mode, the DAO is depicted on the patient’s right facial side. Frq = Frequency [Hz]."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000197,Three radiologic measurements taken on plain radiographs of the lateral cervical spine. (a) Ranawat index (white line) (b) Modified Ranawat method (dotted line) (c) Redlund Johnell method (dash-single dotted line).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000198,Cross-sectional CT abdomen with contrast showing 2.5 cm contained ruptured mycotic abdominal aneurysm
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000199,Portal venous phase of computed tomography abdomen demonstrating ‘nutmeg liver’. This heterogeneous appearance of the liver is consistent with venous congestion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000200,A chest X-ray undertaken before surgery in May 2015 that shows multiple patchy and nodular increased density in the middle and upper field of both lungs with visible strip shadows. The right hilar shadow was slightly thicker and the left hilar shadow was still clear. There was no heart enlargement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000201,Lung ultrasound demonstrated lobar consolidation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000202,Chest x-ray showed no obvious patches or consolidations with normal costophrenic angles and cardiothoracic ratio.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000203,CT scan of the chest: Development of pulmonary fibrosis and bronchiectasis with scarring present at the periphery of the lungs
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000204,Chest CT showing left upper lobe collapse consolidation along with cavitation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000205,"Computed tomography (CT) scan done at the time demonstrated a large left-sided hernia containing the sigmoid colon without evidence of stranding, inflammation, or obstruction. The right side was also noted to have a large hernia with the cecum and appendix in the sac associated with stranding and some pericolonic fluid collection."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000206,Fig. 3 Intraoperative angiography after embolectomy and stent replacement revealed blood flow improvement in the right lower extremity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000207,Chest X-ray. Chest X-ray of the patient showing mild pulmonary oedema.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000208,"CT abdomen and pelvis with IV contrast, axial image of 1.7 cm occlusive thrombus of proximal SMA."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000209,No-reflow phenomenon appear at the circumflex artery (indicated by the red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000210,Visualization of the intervention: real-time in-plane intrasubstance injection of a tendon-compatible HA preparation (12 mg/1.2 mL) with a standard anterolateral approach under US guidance directly in the rupture site with a 22G/40 mm needle.HA: hyaluronic acid; US: ultrasound; 22G: 22 Gauge
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000211,HRCT scan—Secretions accumulation and slight post-inflammatory changes (indicated by the white arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000212,Basal choline PET/TC at the beginning of MA treatment reveals appearance of new bone metastases.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000213,Choline PET/TC after 9 months of MA treatment (January 2020) reveals an important uptake reduction in bone metastases and a metabolic CR in mediastinal nodal metastases.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000214, Axial fat-suppressed proton density-weighted magnetic resonance imaging from the initial evaluation in the emergency department shows disruption to the medial patellofemoral ligament-vastus medialis oblique complex in the left knee (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000215, Anterior posterior hip-to-ankle x-ray demonstrates mild genu valgum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000216," Patient 2. X-ray of a right shoulder anteroposterior view. Note the superior humeral head migration caused by a traumatic rotator cuff tear 3, 6 yr after surgery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000217,The distance between A and B represents renal length; the distance between C and D represents renal sinus length. Atrophic index is calculated as the ratio between renal sinus length/renal length
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000218,Cholangiogram obtained via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography demonstrating a single localized biliary stricture within the distal common bile duct with upstream dilation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000219,"Vascular angiography shows that the left vertebral artery is tortuous and thickened, and communicates with the left inferior thyroid vein."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000220,The CT scan of the head and neck shows a large exophytic mass with solid and cystic components on the left side of the neck as marked by the arrow. The mass is compressing adjacent structures.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000221,Pelvic X-ray showing the detachment of the right pelvis with a clockwise rotation of the coronal plane.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000222,Panoramic X-ray demonstrating a partially impacted right and left lower wisdom tooth and a left bifid mandibular condyle with suspected lesion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000223,Transesophageal echocardiogram with a mid-position view showing severe mitral regurgitation (red arrow) going through the necrotic core of the vegetation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000224,"Three-dimensional OCT reconstruction (in ImageJ) of a hypoplasia lesion (Axis 0Y). The yellow arrows indicate a continuous area characterized by the absence of signal, similar to the appearance of a dental crack or fracture."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000225,A panoramic radiograph taken in September 2017 with no signs of external cervical root resorption
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000226,A panoramic radiograph shows the endodontically treated left mandibular first molar presenting a rounded radiopaque mass surrounded by radiolucency area attached to root.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000227,CT scan (axial cut) showing a collection in the right psoas muscle. A large irregular well defined thick walled peripherally enhancing collection is seen in the right psoas muscle measuring 5 × 6.2 × 18 cm. A fistulous communication extending to the suture site in the right flank is seen. (Fistulous communication appears as a thin radiolucent line on the CT scan).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000228,Computed tomography scan revealed an aortic wall mass with floating thrombus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000229,Magnetic resonance imaging showed neoplastic invasion of the aortic wall.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000230,Internal cortex osteotomy for varus remodeling of proximal femur.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000231,Thoracic and abdominal CT angiogram revealing reduced caliber of the abdominal aorta (Z score −3.8) – (arrow 1) and narrowed left renal artery (diameter < 1mm) – (arrow 2) in a 3-month-old boy with WS.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000232,"Transverse plane images of the skull using a soft tissue kernel reconstruction, post-contrast acquisition, at the level of the temporomandibular joints, showing the sialocoele (asterisk) and the second lesion, extending into the right auditory tube (arrowhead)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000233,Measuring displacement of the affected CST.Displacement of affected CST was determined using the distance (m) between the symmetrical positions of the healthy and actual positions. The vertical distance between the healthy CST and its symmetrical position to the centerline is the same (a). A = anterior
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000234,"CECT abdomen axial scan at the level of the pancreas: There is mild focal hypodensity in the head and hypodensity in the tail of the pancreas suggestive of acute pancreatitis. There is fluid collection in the lesser sac (marked by vertical yellow arrow containing air specks on the non-dependent part [H.U. value around -302]), uncinate process (marked by red arrow), and right subhepatic space marked by the horizontal yellow arrow (containing fat and air specks within [H.U. value -50 to -290, respectively])."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000235,"Coronal oral contrast CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis showing pericecal collection of fluids and gases, which is suggestive of leakage. The red arrow points to the pericecal fluid collection, while the blue indicated the gas collection.  "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000236,MRI showing effusion at the level of the right sacroiliac joint.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000237,Definitions of the angle between the LMCA ostium and the NCC-RCC commissure. ‘Dot A' was at the NCC-RCC commissure. ‘Dot O' was at the center of the cusp plane of the aortic valve. ‘Dot B' was at the opposite side of dot A on the cusp plane. ‘Dot C' was at the center of the LMCA ostium. The angle between the LMCA ostium and NCC-RCC commissure was ∠BOC. The LMCA ostium was considered to be facing the NCC-RCC commissure when ∠BOC was equal to 0°.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000238,giant bladder stone in plain radiography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000239,Right shoulder CT-scan
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000240,Measuring the root length of the mesial root of the first molar from the trifurcation to the apex in the axial plane (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000241,"Abdominal US showed a 19.4 x 12.6 mm mass in the pancreatic body. It was a hypoechoic mass with a clear boundary, smooth and homogeneous interior. Pancreatic duct dilation was observed more clearly than around the mass."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000242,Lateral cervical X-ray showed partial narrowing in the region of the cricoid cartilage (arrowed).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000243, Right side adrenal abscess with calcification (sagittal view).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000244,Multifocal amyloid arthropathy in the sternoclavicular joints in CT scan
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000245,"The donor site of iliac crest was filled with allogeneic bone, which resulted in osteogenesis (white arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000246,HRCT thorax suggestive of consolidation with air bronchogram and a cavity showing air crescent sign in the left upper lobe. Multiple areas of ground glass opacities were present in bilateral lung fields with a CT-severity score of 10/25 and CORADS 6.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000247,"Abdominal ultrasound image of an enlarged mesenteric lymph node, measuring 2.77 cm in diameter"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000248,Right lateral thoracic radiograph showing sternal and tracheobronchial lymphadenomegaly
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000249,"M-mode, mid-esophageal view of transesophageal echocardiogram showing flail mitral leaflet (white arrow) resulting in eccentric regurgitant flow (green arrow) from LV to LA.LA: Left atrium, LV: Left ventricle"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000250,"Chest radiograph of a 25-year-old man with dyspnoea and hypoxia, demonstrates normal pulmonary parenchyma and clear lung fields, with prominent hilar vasculature."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000251,"Transversal CT image: Distention of the colon of 10 cm, intestinal pneumatosis is indicated by 2 arrows."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000252,CT revealing a fractured posterior table of the frontal sinus.Coronal CT of the paranasal sinuses on bone window showing a fractured posterior table of the frontal sinus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000253,"Abdominal X-ray revealing a focal dilated gas-filled loop of the small bowel in the left hemiabdomen measuring up to 3.0 cm, possibly reflecting focal ileus."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000254,Colonic transit study displaying 24 Sitzmarks present throughout the entire colon uniformly indicative of diffuse colonic hypomotility/inertia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000255,Abdominal Angiogram Post-embolization: The celiac angiography demonstrating effective coil embolization of the mid-left gastric artery with no more contrast extravasation (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000256,Left main bronchus completely occluded with clots which were removed
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000257,Another bronchoscopy was done due to noted increased 133 peak pressures
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000258,CT chest showing septal thickenings and patchy acinar opacities in the perihilar and central areas of both lungs
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000259,"Philips EPIQ, linear transductor, B-mode, frequency 5–12 MHz, right lower abdominal quadrant, detail: another detail of the typical aspect of renal papilla. Linear high-resolution probe shows millimetric hyperechoic spots with a rear shadow cone in the papilla, highly suggestive for calcifications, a typical alteration of medullary sponge kidney"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000260,Oblique projection of a dAVF (white arrow) with leptomeningeal drainage of Djindjian type IV. Cerebral angiography with contrast in the occipital artery (left two red arrows) and middle meningeal artery (right two red arrows) supplying the fistula and retrograde venous drainage to the superior sagittal sinus (blue arrows) with venous ectasias/aneurysms (circles) on the draining veins
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000261,"Surgical treatment. First, open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of the right femur with an intramedullary nail was performed. Cementless hemiarthroplasty was carried out through direct anterior approach in supine position"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000262,"Ultrasound image of the right pancreatic limb with normal shape and echogenicity, regular margin, and homogeneous echotexture."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000263,Post-marsupialization CT of the mandible
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000264,Initial fluoroscopic image of the right iliac fossa large bore surgical drain
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000265,Intraluminal dilation using a vascular charger balloon demonstrates luminal waisting
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000266,"Ultrasound image of a 16-year-old British Shorthair cat’s left lateral mandible depicting a sialocoele relative to the mandible, showing a clearly delineated, tubular, 0.17 cm diameter structure with hyperechoic walls, which appears to communicate with the sialocoele. Owing to the location of this structure, it is thought that it may represent a molar salivary gland duct. d = dorsal, v = ventral, lat = lateral"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000267,Measurement with iPinPoint application.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000268,"MRI showing loss of height at T6 vertebrae and cord compression (red arrow), demineralization (yellow arrow) at the T12 vertebrae, and diffuse mild spondylosis of the thoracic spine (blue arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000269,MRI showing metastatic lesions in the cerebrum (red arrow) and cerebellum (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000270, Abdominal computed tomography revealed a cystic mass approximately 3 cm in diameter with fat stranding.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000271, Postoperative computed tomography showed no abnormalities in the appendix.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000272,Angiography showing pseudoaneurysm at the arcade of the left colic artery and sigmoid artery (IMA: Inferior mesenteric artery).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000273,Representative example of an ultrasound image in which the vagus nerve (dotted circle) is positioned ventrolateral to the common carotid artery. The scale bar equals 0.5 cm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000274," Computed tomography of abdomen and pelvis without contrast. Extensive inflammatory infiltrations of the subcutaneous tissue of hypogastrium and penis; liquefaction and gas in the subcutaneous tissues of scrotum, perineum, and the right gluteal region."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000275,T2 weighted image showing a spinoglenoid cyst over the supraspinous fossa of the shoulder. Cruciform measurements show the presence of infraspinatus muscle atrophy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000276,MRI showing complete resolution of the cyst and recovery of infraspinatus muscle bulk.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000277,Ultrasonography of the Right Femoral Vein StenosisThe ultrasound scan indicated suspected right femoral vein stenosis (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000278,"TEE probe inserted at a mid-oesophageal position, turned clockwise and rotated to 123° to produce a mid-oesophageal SVC-RA junction visualization. Red arrow: central venous catheter tip at SCV-RA junction. SVC superior vena cava, RA right atrium, CVC tip central venous catheter tip"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000279,"Axial CT angiography of the thorax showing aortic dissection in ascending and descending aorta, aneurysmal dilatation (arrow) of the ascending thoracic aorta, and diffuse patchy bilateral nodular infiltrates"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000280,Showing marked the segmental area of dissection
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000281,A Tomographic Image of the Shoulder With The Upper Screw Reaching the Base of the Coracoid Process.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000282,A plain radiograph showing rectus femoris ossification.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000283,"Admission chest computed tomography (CT) showing a large cavitating necrotic mass in the right middle lobe contiguous with the mediastinum, invading the superior vena cava and right atrium with surrounding patchy lung consolidation. The tumor mass also encases the bronchus intermedius and anterior segment bronchus of the right upper lobe.Abbreviations: Ao, aorta; mPA, main pulmonary artery; LA, left atrium.Yellow asterisk (bottom of superior vena cava and top of right atrium)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000284,Fluoroscopy After Caval Valve Implantation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000285," Chest X-ray on admission showed lung clear, no pulmonary infiltration or pleuro-pericardial effusion."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000286,"Left cranial angiographic view showing mid-descending artery dissection (LAD, left anterior descending; LCX, left circumflex; LM, left main; OM, obtuse marginal, place of dissection indicated by an arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000287,Subsequent computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis showing the progression of splenic infarction with significant perisplenic fluid on day nine.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000288,"A 36-year-old patient with placenta percreta. Axial T2-weighted HASTE sequence showing abnormal uterine bulging, with a lumpy external uterine contour anteriorly (full arrow), together with myometrial thinning (dashed arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000289,A 35-year-old patient with lobulated placenta (arrows). Coronal T2-weighted HASTE sequence.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000290,"A 30-year-old patient with total placenta previa. Sagittal T2-weighted HASTE sequence showing prominent subplacental vessels, especially at the myometrium-bladder interface (arrow), suggestive of a placenta accreta spectrum disorder."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000291,A 38-year-old patient with no signs of placenta accreta. Axial T2-weighted HASTE sequence showing uterine bulging in the umbilicus due to abdominal diastasis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000292,Plain film radiograph of the patient. Anteroposterior plain-film radiograph of the patient performed prior to his initial presentation. Significant sacroiliitis is seen with sclerosis and partial ankylosis of the sacroiliac joints demonstrated bilaterally.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000293,Fetus with Pallister–Killian syndrome.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000294,"The lingual nerve is unclear, with haziness on the affected side (thick arrow), and is clearly shown on the unaffected side (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000295,Arterial phase sagittal view of the aortomesenteric angle of 14 degrees.L1: 1st lumbar vertebra; S: superior mesenteric artery; A: abdominal aorta; Blue arrow: compressed left renal vein
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000296,Retroperitoneal lymphocele.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000297,Selective angiography just before balloon dilatation of the superior mesenteric artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000298,Balloon dilatation of the superior mesenteric artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000299,Ultrasound showing live intrauterine foetus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000300,"Ultrasound image from Case 2 showing enhanced peritoneal stripe sign in the right upper quadrant, indicative of free intraperitoneal air (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000301,Contrast-enhanced abdominal CT scan in the coronal plane demonstrating mildly dilated intrahepatic bile ducts (red arrow) and retroperitoneal fluid collections (blue arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000302,Chest CT scan in the axial plane and lung window revealing extensive bilateral pleural effusions (red arrows) with adjacent areas of pulmonary compression atelectasis (blue arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000303,"Pheochromocytoma. Abdomen CT, transverse cross-section."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000304,"Endothelial cyst. Abdomen CT, transverse cross-section."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000305,MRI lumbar spine with contrast showing an intradural and enhancing mass in the L5–S1 disc space causing severe stenosis within the intradural space. This object is an intradural enhancing mass causing severe stenosis within the intradural space.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000306,MRCP showed an ampullar mass
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000307,"CT showed a decreased size of abscess in the frontal lobe and the hyperintensity area showed as an external ventricular drain. In the parietal area, there was an abscess with decreased attenuation. (Clarity of the figure was limited by the digital technology in our hospital in 2001)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000308,CT chest radiographic example of grade 1 pneumonitis. Unilateral multifocal subpleural ground-glass opacities.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000309,TTE apical view reveals the presence of an organized mass of 3 cm × 2.7 cm (White star) attached to the left ventricular apex.TTE: transthoracic echocardiogram
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000310,"Case 2: Parastomal varix in 61-year-old male. Right portal venous access with sub-selective angiogram of a branch from the SMV supplying parastomal varices (orange arrow), with the stoma outlined via radiopaque markers (red arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000311,Case 1: Parastomal varix in 47-year-old female. Utilizing a 2.8 french progreat micro catheter (via a C2 glide catheter) embolization of the targeted stomal varices was performed with Glubran (cyanoacrylate glue) combined with lipiodol (1:4 ratio glubran to lipiodol). Total of 0.5 cc of Glubran was administered.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000312,Case 1: Parastomal varix in 47-year-old female. Post embolization venogram performed via a 5F pigtail catheter within the SMV demonstrates interval resolution of parastomal varices.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000313,Computed tomography of the myofibroblastic tumour of the lung
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000314,Computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen demonstrating a large fluid density mass within the spleen (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000315,Video fluoroscopy showing hypopharyngeal triangular-shaped air pocket (blue arrow) adjacent to the esophagus with no visible fistula.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000316,X-rays of both the femor showed extensive bowing deformities and right femur fracture.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000317,Tracing of pars traingularis (thick tracing) and pars opercularis (thin tracing) in one of the sagittal sections of brain.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000318,"Downward elongation of the liver (arrows), ending at the level of the iliac crest."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000319,Coronal T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis. The lesion in the right inguinal region shows iso- to slightly high intensity (yellow arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000320,Post-gadolinium axial magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis showing strong and homogeneous enhancement of lesion by intravenous administration of gadolinium (yellow arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000321,Axial computed tomography scan image of the right kidney 2 years after radiotherapy. Hydronephrosis improved (yellow arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000322,Postoperative radiographs after 2 months showing complete bone healing and integrity of the osteotomized buccal cortex
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000323,"MRI of the lumbar spine obtained at the 13-year-old boy’s initial visit revealed platyspondyly of the lumbar vertebrae, and a lumbar disk herniation at the L5/S1 level"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000324,Cerebral angiogram showed evidence of beading and spasm in the anterior circulation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000325,Axial CT showing calculi
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000326, Complex lithiasis with common bile duct distal stricture not suitable for dilation assisted stone extraction treatment.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000327,Chest X-ray PA view. Few patchy areas of ground-glass opacities in B/L lungs; mild B/L pleural effusions (black arrow); calcified mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy (white arrow)PA: posteroanterior; B/L: bilateral
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000328,The ultrasonography image shows the fatty replacement of the thymus (arrows) in a 10-year-old girl.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000329,"Lung echo showed multiple B lines (comet-tail artifacts), suggesting pulmonary edema."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000330,Ultrasound image with blue arrow pointing to the abrupt termination of the dilated trachea within the neck in the fetus with CHAOS. The white arrow is at the level of the trachea within the thorax surrounded by bilateral hyperechoic lung.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000331,"Colour Doppler on abdominal ultrasound demonstrating umbilical cord prolapse to within the vagina (blue arrow) at time of exit procedure, maternal lower uterine segment (white arrow) and maternal bladder (yellow arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000332,Thyroid ultrasound of Case 1: long axis with doppler showing increased vascularity in the entire right lobe
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000333,Coronal reconstruction of CT shows mass extending from colon and invading into anterior abdominal wall. Arrows indicate the point of exit of mass through the abdominal wall musculature.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000334,"Hyperintense areas are seen in the pons and both middle cerebellar peduncles (RT >LT) on axial T2W images. RT - right, LT - left"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000335,Marked resolution of hyperintense areas is seen in pons and adjacent bilateral middle cerebellar peduncles on axial T2W images after eight weeks of steroids
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000336,"Coronal FLAIR post-contrast MRI.The image is showing fenestrations at the superior sagittal sinus on the left (yellow arrow) at the level of the cystic structure, which is a characteristic finding of APC.FLAIR: fluid-attenuated inversion recovery; APC: atretic parietal cephalocele "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000337,Anteroposterior radiographic image of a pelvis demonstrating bone edema (red arrow) and sclerotic changes in the pubic symphysis consistent with osteitis pubis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000338,"Anteroposterior radiographic image of a pelvis demonstrating left hip dysplasia, which is defined as the lateral center edge angle less than 20o."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000339,An MW probe (arrowhead) is placed under US guidance. A microcatheter (arrow) is placed in the posterior right hepatic artery for the deployment of DEB in the TACE procedure.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000340,Chest CT-scan. Highly vascularized mass (blue arrow) receiving blood supply of branches of right coronary artery (yellow arrow). CT: computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000341,"Cropped axial computed tomography image of the thorax on day 36 after admission showing mediastinal and bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy (arrow) as well as focal inflammatory consolidations within the lung parenchyma (star). Additionally, there are small pleural effusion (hash) and accompanying dystelectatic pulmonary areas. Abbreviations: A anterior; P posterior; R right; L left."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000342,"Non-contrast brain CT depicting epidural hematoma.The skull thickness (red arrow) should be measured in order to select the appropriately sized intraosseous needle to ensure skull penetration and to avoid injuring the parenchyma. If the scalp incision is not made, the scalp thickness (gray arrow) should also be taken into account when selecting the intraosseous needle. Case courtesy of Associate Professor Frank Gaillard,  "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000343,Ultrasound appearance of gallbladder volvulus: note significant gallbladder wall thickness without stones
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000344,Ultrasound appearance of gallbladder volvulus
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000345,"The PPF method demonstrated significantly delayed postoperative fluid collection in the pancreatic stump (arrowhead). However, all the cases improved with conservative treatment, such as antibiotic treatment, and did not require surgical intervention"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000346,"Under CT guidance, the patient was placed in a prone position for a biopsy of the iliac bone tissue"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000347,"Example of how the radiographs were taken, with the markers of known length in place, to allow for epiglottis length measurements."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000348,"Multidetector computed tomography angiography confirming the presence of two separate left atrial chambers, the superoposterior atrial chamber which receives the pulmonary veins and the inferoanterior atrial chamber, separated by a membrane (red arrows). RSPV—right superior pulmonary vein."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000349,Upright abdominal X-ray. Arrows indicate dilated small bowel loops that suggest evolving small bowel obstruction
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000350,CT scan - transverse section (image 2)Arrow indicates the presence of urachal remnant. CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000351,"3D proton density fat saturated coronal magnetic resonance image of the left elbow showing fluid signal at the insertion of common extensor tendon on the lateral epicondyle, suggestive of enthesitis (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000352,Axial T1-weighted magnetic resonance image showing subtle atrophy of the left cerebral hemisphere (red arrow). There is no cortical loss or abnormal gyral formation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000353,Open globe injury in a 34-year-old man. Axial unenhanced CT image showing a metallic intraocular foreign body.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000354,Open globe injury in a 63-year-old man. Axial unenhanced CT image showing concurrent inferior orbital fracture.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000355,Step 1—Snare: 25 mm GooseNeck snare tightly cinched around the Impella RP pigtail portion in the inferior vena cava–right atrium junction.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000356,The final correct position of the Impella RP and Impella 5.0 catheters on fluoroscopy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000357,Illustration of the transversal plane of computer tomography 10 mm above the plafond (black contours) and the plane at the level of the tibiofibular stabilization (white contours). L1 (black dashed line) = perpendicular line crossing the midpoint between the anterior tubercle and posterior tubercle of the tibial incisura; L2 (white dotted line) = tangent along the axis of the fixation device; TP transversal plane; angle between L1 and TP = Incisura Angel (IA); angle between L2 and TP = Device Angel (DA)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000358,CT chest with arrows pointing to bilateral pulmonary nodules
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000359,"MRI showing an intraosseous mass with a cystic aspect in the proximal and distal third of the humerus and a solid aspect in the middle third. The dashed lines indicate intraoperative resection lines, illustrating that only the humeral head could be spared."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000360,"Transgastric short-axis view of transesophageal echocardiography showed part of the mass-like lesion had mobility. LV, left ventricle; RV, right ventricle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000361,"Contrast-enhanced CT showed a 51 mm lobular mass spreading laterally from the RV, it spread beyond the pericardium, and heterogeneous contrast enhancement could be seen within the mass. LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000362,"Plain radiography, lateral projection. Lytic calcaneus lesion (arrow). Small central sclerotic focus (arrowhead)-“Cockade sign” [14]."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000363,"Ischiofemoral impingement is visualized on an axial T1 MRI.The distance between the lesser trochanter and the ischial tuberosity is approximately 10 mm, with evidence of fatty infiltration of the quadratus femoris muscle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000364,"Direct visualization of obstruction stone on EGD. EGD, esophago-gastroduodenoscopy."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000365,Chest computed tomography image of the tumor. The tumor was located on the pericardium and did not seem to invade the adjacent organs. The tumor had a pedicle on the pericardium
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000366,Chest x-ray showing turbidity and systematic changes on the peaks of both lungs with different sizes
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000367,Showing no recurrence of intraspinal gouty deposits during the follow-up.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000368,"Zika. Sagittal T1-weighted MRI sequence showing narrowing of the thoracic spine (arrows) in a patient with congenital Zika syndrome, without arthrogryposis. Pontine hypoplasia (arrowhead) and an enlarged magna cistern (asterisk) are also shown."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000369,"Poliomyelitis-like syndrome in a 5-year-old male. Axial T2-weighted MRI sequence showing a bilateral, symmetric hyperintense signal in the gray matter of the anterior horns of the spinal cord."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000370,Zoster myelitis. Sagittal T2-weighted MRI sequence showing marked spinal atrophy together with a diffuse bilateral hyperintense signal (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000371,"Enhanced computed tomographic image of lacrimal sac lymphoma (posttreatment) show nearly total resolution of the mass, which could be seen as a small soft tissue density involving the right lacrimal sac and extraconal fat at the medial aspect of the right orbit. There was an overall decrease in size of the cervical nodes, sized up to 0.5 cm."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000372,MRI of the abdomen and pelvis without contrast showing evidence of thrombus portal vein (black arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000373,"Echocardiographic image of catheter tip positioning. The catheter tip is identified as two parallel echogenic lines from the bicaval view. The solid triangle indicates the level of the upper border of the crista terminalis, defined as the echocardiographic junction of the SVC and the RA. Abbreviations: LA, left atrium; RA, right atrium; SVC, superior vena cava."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000374,Sagittal T2-weighted perineum MRI shows a 25- mm anal fistula (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000375,"Preoperative STIR T2-weighted MRIPreoperative STIR T2-weighted MRI identifying acute to subacute burst fracture at T12 and artifact from the previously implanted hardware.STIR, short TI inversion recovery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000376,"Intraoperative contrast injection into T12Intraoperative fluoroscopy image showing Jamshidi needle positioning and contrast injection into T12, with kyphoplasty cement augmentation to follow."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000377, KUB X-ray on postoperative day 5. A 21 mm disc battery is located in the left lower quadrant and pneumoperitoneum is evident.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000378,Pre-steroid treatment CT angiogram of the chest and abdomen revealing enlarged pancreatic head/uncinate process (red arrow) along with soft tissue density extending inferiorly and measuring 4.0 × 3.7 cm.CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000379,"On day 21 follow-up post-steroid treatment, CT angiogram of the chest and abdomen revealed a pancreatic head measuring approximately 3.2 × 1.6 cm, an improvement from 4.3 × 3 cm. The pancreatic body (green arrow) at the current examination measured approximately 1.8 cm in its thickness improving from 2.8 cm.CT: computed tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000380,Residues in the vallecular and pyriform sinuses. The areas marked with white lines were defined as the residues in the vallecular and pyriform sinuses.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000381,CT scan of the abdomen revealed peripancreatic effusion along the midbody and distal portion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000382,"CT showing grossly distended stomach, first and second part of duodenum with sudden collapse and obstruction of duodenum (green arrow) at the superior mesenteric artery (blue arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000383,CT shows duodenum obstructed (orange arrow) between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000384,Another patient with recurrence after surgical repair for indirect inguinal hernia.Ultrasonography reveals a dilated inguinal canal with presence of peritoneal fat and collapsed bowels (asterisks).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000385,"Power Doppler ultrasonography of ectopic endometrium in a woman.The power Doppler ultrasonography reveals increased vascularity inside the ectopic endometrium (arrowhead). PEC, pectineus muscle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000386,Abdominal computed tomography with contrast (coronal view) showing decreased mural enhancement with mural thickening and luminal narrowing of the descending colon (yellow arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000387, Computed tomography showing sigmoid colon mural thickening and luminal narrowing with decreased enhancement (yellow arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000388,"Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. It showed an initial decrease in the left ventricular ejection fraction (50%), without any area of late enhancement or myocardial fibrosis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000389,Ultrasound image of the corpus luteum of a sheep in B-Mode on day 19 of pregnancy. Arrow – corpus luteum
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000390,CXR showing a right hilar mass (horizontal red arrow) CXR: chest X-ray
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000391,Coronary angiography image demonstrating (red arrow-head) 99% stenosis at the obtuse marginal artery (OM1).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000392,Chest X-ray on day 2 showing diffuse infiltrates in both lower lung fields.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000393,"Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted sagittal image of the brain, on initial presentation. The arrow shows a homogeneous enlargement of the pituitary with thickening of the stalk."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000394,"Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted sagittal image of the brain, 1 month after initial presentation. The arrow shows a mostly empty sella."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000395,Pre-operative abdominal radiograph demonstrating a curvilinear density within the right lower quadrant (white arrow noting radiopaque density)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000396,No acute cardiopulmonary changes on the chest X-ray
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000397,CT angiogram of the chest showed sub-segmental left lower lobe pulmonary embolism
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000398,Echocardiographic imaging of a CM located in the left atrium.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000399,The CT scan showing a right parotid gland lesion in 2017.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000400,CT of the abdomen/pelvis with contrast demonstrating 2.7-cm rectal mass (red arrow).CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000401,"Thoracic CT scan. Slide of a thoracic CT scan revealing linear-shaped ground glass opacities in a transversal plane in the upper right lobe (arrows), which resembled round-shaped opacities in the frontal plane of a plain chest X-ray"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000402,"Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) ECHO showing a mass in the right atrium (yellow arrow)LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricle"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000403,"Trans-esophageal echocardiogram (TEE) showing a decrease in the size of the biofilm in the right atrium after the antibiotic therapy. RA, right atrium"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000404,Peripheral subpleural diffuse ground glass opacities (GGO) in both lungs.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000405,Peripheral subpleural GGO and crazy paving pattern are seen in the left lung lower lobe posterior.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000406,Consolidation in the lower lobe of the right lung (yellow arrow) and bronchiectasis in the form of air bubbles in the consolidation (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000407,PA chest radiography. Multiple opacities of different sizes are observed in the lower lobes of both lungs (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000408,Chest X-ray showing right lobe infiltrates (circle).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000409,COVID-19 related acute respiratory distress syndrome.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000410,The inflated balloon with the characteristic pear shape of the balloon indicating the position of the balloon within the porus trigeminus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000411,Sagittal view of CT-angiogram showing hypodense filling defect of the superior mesenteric artery starting at its origin and involving its whole length (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000412,"A male patient in his 70 s. On T2-weighted image, autoimmune pancreatitis-affected area shows slightly high intensity demarcated by a low-intensity rim"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000413,"Postoperative (Fontan repair) appearance in a DORV. An axial MIP image showing eccentric hypodensity in an extra-atrial Fontan conduit that persists in a delayed venous phase, suggesting thrombosis (arrow).C: conduit, DORV: double-outlet right ventricle, MIP: maximum intensity projection."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000414,"A 79-year-old man with left internal carotid artery occlusions, the compensation of collaterals from right hemisphere to left hemisphere is full and rapid. ASITN/SIR collateral flow grading system: 4."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000415,"Right cranio‐caudal radiographic projection of the right humerus on day 35 after bite injury. Severe proximal periosteal proliferation of the humerus appreciated, resulting in superimposition over the distal aspect of the humerus. Slight cranial displacement of the distal humerus observed, supporting a diaphyseal humeral fracture. There is an increase surrounding tissue density associated with the right humerus and fracture site. Elbow and distal forelimb anatomy appear with in normal limits"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000416,Chest X-ray above shows central vascular prominence with abnormal alveolar opacities in the mid and lower lungs bilaterally in addition to small effusions
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000417,"Sellar mass with suprasellar extension (blue arrow), with intrinsic hemorrhagic components and peripheral enhancement."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000418,"T2-weighted, fat-suppressed MRI image of the left humerus with white arrow demonstrating osseous metastases. MRI, magnetic resonance imaging."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000419,"(A) Pretreatment MRI scan of the abdomen showing a large hypodense mass in the left lobe of the liver—segments VIII and IV (marked by arrows). (B) MRI scan showing a dramatic decrease in size of the metastasis (marked by arrows) in the left lobe of the liver after treatment with six cycles of Pertuzumab, Trastuzumab and Paclitaxel."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000420,"Chest X-ray: diffusely thickened lung pattern, paracardial to confluent on the left − character of inflammatory infiltration. The left diaphragm is blurred (photo: author's archive)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000421,CT scan of the abdomen with IV contrast. Arrowhead demonstrates the cavernous transformation of the portal vein.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000422,MRI identifying splenic lesions (red arrows) in a 2-year-old with right upper extremity lymphedema
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000423,"Coronary angiography. Coronary angiography showed a dilated aneurysmal coronary artery from the main trunk to the circumflex flow into the LV.LAD: left anterior descending, LV: left ventricle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000424,A computed tomography scan showed a lung squamous cell carcinoma (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000425,"computed tomography, coronal view of the tumour"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000426,Computed tomography of the lung on postoperative day 1 showing bilateral ground-glass opacities (black arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000427,Radiological examination revealed multiple diffuse lytic areas with surrounding sclerosis distal to the tibia extending from the metaphysis to the diaphysis and pathological fracture.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000428,Contouring of the reconstructed images in HDR plus TPS.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000429,A hypoenhancing mass was observed on the uterine wall.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000430,Mid-sagittal MRI image of an 8-year-old boy with a purely intraventricular craniopharyngioma showing the Mamillary Body Angle being 60 degrees.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000431,"Sagittal abdominal ultrasound image demonstrating multiple large multiloculated, septated cystic structures."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000432,Coronal MRI of the abdomen shows complete resolution of the intra-abdominal lymphangiomas.MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000433,"Coronal plain computed tomography demonstrating wall thickening, free air, and dirty fat signs (white arrowheads) in the terminal ileum, and a round, high‐density object, suspected to be a tablet in a press‐through package, surrounded by a low‐density area (black arrowhead)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000434,"Representative image of “Dumbbell Technique” on fluoroscopic view. NBCA-lipiodol mixture is initially injected onto the leakage tract inner opening, followed by leakage tract, and finally the outer opening of the leakage tract, thereby making it dumbbell-shaped."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000435,Barium swallow and meal radiography revealed normal gastroesophageal tract.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000436,Endoscopic ultrasound image (red arrow) shows a 15 mm mass in the head of the pancreas with no vascular invasion or surrounding pathological lymph nodes.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000437,A CT image of the dilated transverse colon.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000438,Coronal CT image of the chest at the T1 vertebral level. Compression of the tracheal lumen (yellow arrow tip) by the mediastinal mass at its narrowest point can be seen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000439,coronary angiogram showed normal coronary arteries
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000440,The tips of the arrows show the smooth and well-defined borders of the mucous retention cyst.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000441,"Non-contrasted paranasal sinuses CT scan, coronal view for case 1.Nasal findings include a pneumatized right-side inferior turbinate with a large opening into the ipsilateral maxillary sinus (arrow). Note that the inferior turbinate pneumatization pattern is communicating and show a mix between lamellar and bulbous types."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000442,"Non-contrasted paranasal sinuses CT scan, coronal view for case 3.It shows bilateral inferior turbinate pneumatization of the bulbous type with communication to the inferior meatus."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000443,"Axial view of magnetic resonance imaging showing the cerebrospinal fluid leak. Twelve days after surgery, a magnetic resonance imaging of the lumber back of a 58-year-old man was performed on a 1.5 Tesla scanner, with axial T1-weighted and T2-weighted imaging. The axial view, at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebrae, demonstrates the vertebral body (white stars) and bilateral psoas muscles (labeled PM). Subcutaneous fat (labeled SF) can be seen. In addition, two collections of cerebrospinal fluid (black stars) are present in the soft tissue of the back; a tract (white arrow), extends from one of the soft tissue collections of cerebrospinal fluid to the surface of the skin surface."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000444,Immediate post-operative radiograph with disengagement of glenoid head.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000445,Radiograph at 6 weeks follow-up showing disengagement and superior migration of glenosphere.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000446,Final radiograph after 2nd revision surgery with relocation of glenosphere.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000447,Chest computed tomography image showing a 21-mm nodule in the left lower lobe.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000448,Fluoroscopic image: the position of the atrial and shock leads.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000449,C arm image after flipping the Endobutton.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000450,Computed tomography of the abdomen showing pneumobilia and a fistulous track between the gallbladder and duodenum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000451,"CT chest coronal view showing complete opacification and atelectasis of the right, middle and lower lobe."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000452,Abdominal enhanced computed tomography scan showed thickening of the left adrenal junction and the medial limb bulging outward (red arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000453,MRI Scan (Axial)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000454,Computerized tomography of the chest in 2014 showing a 4 mm left upper lobe lingular lung nodule
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000455,Positive emission tomography scan of the chest showing no uptake of I-123 in the left upper lobe lingular nodule
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000456,CT image of pancreatic duct drainage in the pancreatic stump and stomach.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000457,"X-ray of a 19-year-old female patient 11 years postimplantation of a long decellularized aortic homograft. The implanted homograft, which showed excellent aortic valve function with normal flow velocity and no regurgitation, can be easily differentiated by intramural calcification as an indirect evidence for an ongoing immune response against the graft."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000458,"Dorsopalmar left hand radiograph in a 7.6-year-old girl following bone age assessment by BoneXpert. The output of the artificial intelligence (AI) system is an annotated Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) file placed in the same study in the hospital’s picture archiving and communications system (PACS) as the original image. The algorithm has located the borders of the bones and assigned a Greulich and Pyle (GP) bone age to each of them. The average bone age (BA) for the 21 tubular bones is reported as “BA (GP): 7.38 y (F),” where the F indicates female gender, as taken from the DICOM header. The next line reports a bone age standard deviation score (SDS) of –0.07, which means that the bone age is 0.07 standard deviations below what is expected at that chronological age. Chronological age is indicated below the bone age SDS as 7.60 years (computed from the birth and study dates in the DICOM header). The remaining reported numbers are: carpal BA = the average bone age in the seven carpals, BA (TW3) = Tanner and Whitehouse version 3 bone age, BHI = bone health index, and its SDS relative to girls with the same bone age"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000459,Proximal ascending aorta narrowing. Cardiac echo (long axis view) showed a discrete narrowing of ascending aorta (hourglass deformity) just above the sino-tubular junction. Ascending aorta diameter was 11.8 cm (Z-SCORE = 3.2 SD).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000460,Abdominal X‐ray showing distended jejunal loops
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000461,"T2WI coronal MRI image of the present case report, with white arrow showing olfactory bulb mild atrophy (right 19.01 mm3; left 23.36 mm3)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000462,Blush from LGA on angiography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000463,Intraoral periapical radiograph with respect to 11
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000464,Post space preparation done with 11
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000465, Intraoral periapical radiograph at three-month follow-up
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000466,Circular mass shadow in the right superior lung field without silhouette sign by chest-abdominal radiograph examination.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000467,"CT chest showing large pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium, and extensive chest wall and bilateral neck base subcutaneous emphysema"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000468,X-ray chest showing pneumomediastinum (red arrow) and bilateral extensive airspace opacifications (green arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000469,(a) Coronal and (b) axial computed tomography images showing duplicated inferior vena cava (red arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000470,"CT scan of the abdomen without contrast on admission prior to abdominal paracentesis. CT scan of the abdomen without contrast on admission prior to abdominal paracentesis, showing abdominal ascites (orange arrow), and umbilical hernia with no contents (red arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000471,X-Ray taken in January 2020 by the primary dentist. Apical and interradiuclar osteolysis on tooth 36 and 46. No signs of caries and no fillings are visible
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000472,Left coronary angiography shows two aneurysms. The cranial and smaller aneurysm is supplied by vessels that originate from the left and right coronary arteries.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000473,"Chest X-ray showing subtle alveolar opacities in left midlung, linear opacities at the bases."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000474,Moderate sized pericardial effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000475,"Enlarged right hilar lymph nodes, 13.0 mm."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000476,MRI shows large right parietal-temporal-occipital area cortical and subcortical area of restricted diffusion consistent with acute infarct.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000477,(A) A glaucoma drainage device. (B) An enhancement at the posterior aspect of the left eye indicating choroidal angiomatosis. (C) A heterogeneous retro-orbital fat with exophthalmos.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000478,(A) Mild left cerebellar atrophy. (B) Left cerebellar curvilinear densities suggesting left cerebellar pial calcifications.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000479,Chest X-ray showing right hemithoracic opacity with thread-like calcifications
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000480,Coronal view of the contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography showing 26 mm right kidney infarction
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000481,"False-negative. Note: The widened right transverse ADI was not detected (white double-headed arrow). This was considered a ‘subtle, clinically significant’ error since it indicates atlanto-axial instability and warrants further cross-sectional imaging."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000482,"False negative. Note: Weber B, Lauge Hansen 4 ankle fracture. Only the fibula fracture was detected (solid white arrow). The medial malleolar avulsion was missed (dashed white arrow). Deemed ‘easily-detectable, clinically significant’."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000483,"Color Doppler ultrasonography showed the parasternal well-delineated, circulating mass measuring 27 mm×31 mm×26 mm with a swirling flow within, and the track connecting the right internal thoracic artery with the false aneurysm."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000484,Initial panoramic radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000485,"Left anterior descending artery, left circumflex artery, left main artery, ramus intermedius"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000486, Right coronary artery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000487, Right coronary artery with improved distal flow
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000488,Ultrasound of the testes showing a left testicular mass (encompassed within the yellow plus symbols).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000489,CT of the chest showing large bilateral clot burden (arrows)CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000490,CT chest following tPA therapy showing reduced clot burden compared to the previous exam (arrows)CT: computed tomography; tPA: tissue plasminogen activator
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000491,Mammographic spot CC view of an irregular spiculated mass with associated distortion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000492,Chest x-ray on hospital day 7 demonstrating diffuse multifocal lung infiltrates
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000493,Follow-up CT chest 20-days post-discharge showing complete resolution of the multifocal opacities when compared to the patient’s hospitalization
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000494,"Axial cut. In the arrows, there is a lack of splenomesenteric opacification towards the posterior part of the pancreas and striation of the adjacent peripancreatic fat. Edematous intestinal walls in the jejunum, free fluid in the left paracolic gutter."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000495,A multidetector contrast-enhanced CT of the abdominal and pelvic cavity showing concentric irregular thickening in the distal jejunum (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000496,Inverted Brain Stem/Brain Stem Occipital Bone ratio.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000497,"Schematic of octa segmentation method proposed by Chockalingam, N. et al. [42]."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000498,"CT of the head before decompressive craniectomy shows right subdural hematoma and increased intracranial pressure with midline shift up to 8 mm. CT, computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000499,"The presence of coalescent B-lines (white lung) associated with the irregular pleural line in the pulmonary parenchyma of a child with COVID-19 infection. The blue point on the left side of the screen, as it is viewed, corresponds to the side of the probe marked with an indicator."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000500,CT with intravenous contrast of the abdomen showing the transition point. Red arrow: transition point
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000501,"Right coronary angiogram (left anterior oblique 30°/cranial 30°) revealing an anomalous LCx artery (white arrows), the second small LAD artery (blue arrows), 1st and second diagonal arteries (yellow arrows), and 1st and second obtuse marginal arteries (blue arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000502,Chest X-ray showing right lung lower lobe consolidation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000503,Chest x-ray of the patient showing bilateral bronchiectasis with cyst in the left lower zone and hyperinflated lower lung field
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000504,Computed tomography of the thorax
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000505,Finding of post-operation in computed tomography with burr hole trephination of right parietal.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000506,PET scan image at diagnosis in 7 July 2019.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000507,PET in February 2021 showing complete remission.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000508,Radiography showing massive shadowing of the right hemithorax.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000509,Radiographic control after new placement of transvenous pacemaker through the left subclavian access. The black arrow shows the end of the vascular access located in the right ventricle. The white arrow shows the right atrium.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000510,Chest computed tomography angiography showing left superior vena cava draining abnormally into the left atrium
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000511,"Plain chest radiograph on admission. Anterior–posterior projection, sitting position."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000512, Panoramic radiograph showing unremarkable underlying bone involvement beneath the ulcers.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000513,Plain abdominal x-ray showing eight cylindrical batteries in the left upper and lower abdomen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000514,Chest X-ray indicated bilateral pulmonary inflammation and pleural effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000515,Current presentation - Lobulated heterogeneous thyroid gland.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000516,Chest X-ray - Slowly interstitial accentuated pulmonary sketch.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000517,CT scan soft tissue neck (sagittal view) showing soft palate thickening.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000518,Correct position of the glenoid.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000519,"Ultrasound view image demonstrate prominent bowel loops are noted (double-headed arrow), with to and fro movement detected during the ultrasound examination"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000520,Abdominal X Ray showing no dilated viscera
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000521,"Note the pronounced swelling of the epiglottis, often referred to as “thumbprinting.”"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000522,Coronal computer tomography image demonstrating complete resolution of the pneumatosis intestinalis one month following scan in Figure 2.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000523,Pre-operative CT findings.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000524,"First clinical case: X-Ray image of right multi-fragmentary displaced humeral shaft fracture in a 38-year-old woman, ex-volleyball player after an accidental fall."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000525,"First clinical case: X-Ray image after a further comminution of the fracture site occurred during the reaming of the medullary canal and the insertion of the nail, which required a necessary stabilization with an external fixator."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000526,Second clinical case: X-Ray image of pseudoarthrosis occurred after a middle-proximal third humeral shaft fracture in a 64-year-old male patient conservatively treated.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000527,Second clinical case: X-Ray image after revision surgery with plate and screws without bone graft.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000528,Second clinical case: X-Ray image where bone healing can be detected 20 months after after revision surgery with plate and screws without bone graft.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000529,Third clinical case: X-Ray image at about 27 months after the first trauma showed bone healing and integration of bone graft.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000530,MRI showing the presence of an oval-shaped mass lesion arising from the base of the urinary bladder. The mass shows as low signal intensity on both T1 and T2 weighted images and enhances avidly following contrast medium administration.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000531,Repeat computed tomography showed increased erosions of the left SC joint
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000532,Injured rectus femoris muscle with a history of affecting the myofascial junction. The figure shows an example of myofascial junction injury. The axial T1-weighted image shows a low signal in the myofascial junction of the rectus femoris muscle (black arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000533,Location of mid-calcaneal and plantar ROI.Mid-calcaneal (cylinder) and plantar ROIs are shaded.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000534,Postoperative chest X-ray image. The volume of the left lung was reduced. The allows indicate the visceral pleura
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000535,"Sector grid. AT adductor tubercle (white dotted line), I row 1, II row 2, III row 3, M medial column, L lateral column, Red dot osteotomy hinge, Green dashed lines posterior part of the medial and lateral femoral condyle, Red circle inflection point, defined as the point at which the distance between the medial cortical bone and Line 4 reaches 2 mm; Line 5, tangential to the lateral facet of the medial femoral condyle; Line 4, tangential to the medial femoral cortical bone; Line 3, tangential to the apices of the posterior part of the medial and lateral femoral condyle; Line 2, parallel to Line 3 and crossing the proximal border of the AT; Line 1, parallel to Line 3 and crossing the inflection point"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000536,"Transthoracic echocardiogram in parasternal right ventricular inflow view showing the vegetation (red arrowhead), which has increased in size to 11 × 6 mm, adherent to the atrial aspect of the tricuspid septal leaflet."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000537,"A transthoracic echocardiogram in apical four-chamber view showing severe, torrential central tricuspid regurgitation (blue jet)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000538,Post-treatment T1 fat-suppressed post-gadolinium MRI sagittal view demonstrating enhancement of the L3/L4 disc space (yellow arrowhead) and enhancement of the adjacent L3 and L4 vertebral bodies (red arrowheads).MRI: magnetic resonance imaging
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000539,"On MRI, the periprostatic venous plexus appears as serpinginous hyperintense structures with foci of signal voids adjacent to the prostate (green outline), and can be closely related to the prostate capsule (red outline). It may have similar heterogeneous appearance as the peripheral zone. Therefore, during manual segmentation, it can be mistaken as part of the prostate to less experienced operators."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000540,CT of pulmonary thromboembolism (arrow) found in an individual with COVID-19.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000541,"CT of the thorax with intravenous contrast showing concentric rings of enhancement due to fatty infiltration of the esophagus (“target esophagus”). CT, computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000542,"An ultrasound image of the PENG block (white arrow). AIIS: anterior inferior iliac spine, FA: femoral artery, IPE: iliopubic eminence, and PE: pectineus muscle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000543,Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at day 21 after admission revealed a bilateral adrenal haemorrhage.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000544,"Abdominal ultrasound pre-discharge. Residual splenic collections are seen, including one measuring 7.1 cm in the sagittal plane at the medial upper pole."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000545,Male patient's abdominal CT (arrows: dilated small bowel loops).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000546,Male patient's upright abdominal X-ray.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000547,Chest radiograph of female patient in childbearing age with haemoptysis showing multiple lung nodules.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000548,Hip radiography showing proximal femoral diffuse osteomyelitis and signs of non-union of his previous periprosthetic fracture.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000549,Hip radiography showing diffuse osteomyelitis of the proximal femur and femoral stem rupture.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000550,Example manual noise measurement using ROI placement in cerebral white matter. The slice location containing all four lateral ventricle horns was used in the manual measurements. Four quadrant ROI locations were used
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000551,Three SEMS placement with the SIS method
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000552,SEMSs placed with the SBS method cross and partially overlap at the hilar portion (round)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000553,Pelvic MRI (axial view) showing extraperitoneal bladder perforation at the left lateral wall (arrow points to extravasated contrast).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000554,Retrograde Ct cystogram showing a healed bladder wall with no contrast leak.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000555,Previous CT scan without any evidence of colitis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000556,Computed tomography (CT) of chest showing increased lung markings with scattered bilateral ground-glass opacities (GGO) (blue arrow)  
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000557,MRI shows obvious spinal stenosis caused by bony narrow or backward protrusion or prolapse of intervertebral disc.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000558,CT scan of the abdomen showing dilated appendix with fluid-filled lumen along with intraluminal appendicolith suggestive of appendicitis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000559,Magnetic resonance image demonstrating the mass lesion (arrow) with contrast-enhancement with extension to the neural foramen (short arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000560,Post-contrast axial CT brain reveals dilated bilateral lateral ventricles with meningeal enhancement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000561,Axial MR STIR sequence reveals heterogeneously increased signal intensities in the right paravertebral space extending to the prevertebral space at the skull base.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000562,Coronal T2 scan reveals increased signal in right paraspinal space along C2 extending into adjacent skull base.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000563,Right parasagittal T2 scan reveals the same as above.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000564,T2W axial section shows resolution of altered signal
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000565,T1W axial scan reveals resolution of altered signal
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000566,"In evolution, CT images of the Case 10 patient show important numerical and dimensional progression of pulmonary lesions randomly distributed on more than 70% of the entire surface of both pulmonary fields. In conclusion, bilateral pulmonary condensations of SARS-CoV-2 type were in progress, with a severity score of 20 (13 at previous examination) and were determined to exhibit a severe degree of disorder."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000567, Axial STIR image demonstrates an incidentally noted small left ovarian cyst and borderline enlarged right external iliac lymph nodes in this reproductive age patient with an underlying systemic illness. No musculoskeletal abnormalities were present on her exam.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000568,Digital orthopantomograph. It revealed a well-defined radiolucency in relation to impacted left permanent maxillary canine 23 and pathological migrated with an increased distal inclination of root of 22
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000569,CBCT Panoramic mode revealed a well-defined radiolucency measuring 43.4 mm x 30.4 mm around impacted 23.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000570, Endoscopic ultrasound of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor appearing well-defined and hypoechoic.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000571,"Symmetry evaluation of the malar eminence using an axial computed tomography view. The difference of bilateral distances from the malar eminence to the coronal plane passing through the anterior edge of the foramen magnum was defined as the anteroposterior distance, Dx."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000572,"Symmetry evaluation of the malar eminence using a coronal computed tomography view. The difference of bilateral distances from the malar eminence to a transverse plane passing through bilateral superior orbital rims was defined as the mediolateral distance, Dz."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000573,"Cardiac RM—TIRM sequences (turbo inversion recovery magnitude), T2—short-axis view, showing a mass of 73 × 51 mm located in the upper mediastinum."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000574,"CT scan shows a lytic lesion after treating the infection (Blue Arrow). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000575,Simpson's method of disc's for measuring ejection fraction at the end of systole on admission.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000576,"CT colonography with contrast shows significant thickening of the rectal wall, suggestive of rectal carcinoma."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000577,"Contrast-enhanced computer tomography (CECT) with coronal reformat shows a bulky anterior mediastinal mass (black asterisk) encasing and compressing the superior vena cava (white arrow), resulting in superior vena cava syndrome. The mass also deviates from the aortic arch (black arrow), and a moderate pleural effusion is also present (white asterisk)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000578,"Contrast-enhanced computer tomography (CECT) with sagittal reformat shows a bulky anterior mediastinal mass (black asterisk). The mass also deviates from the aortic arch and the trachea (white arrowhead), with a marked reduction of the tracheal diameter."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000579,Latest MRI done of coronal cut image showing an isointense pituitary lesion to the grey matter of 1cm x 1.3cm invading the left cavernous sinus with 180 degrees encasement of the cavernous portion of the left carotid artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000580,Large hemorrhagic mass
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000581,Axial CT abdomen with contrast showing subcapsular perisplenic hematoma (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000582, Thickened mitral valve leaflets (yellow arrow) due to leaflet infiltration by GAGs seen with doming and restriction during diastole in a modified mid-esophageal 5-chamber view. LA = left atrium; LV = left ventricle; RV = right ventricle; Ao = aorta
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000583,The CT scan was normal except for the already known adenopathy in axilla.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000584,Evidence of ovarian ectopic pregnancy (EP) in the Transvaginal sonography (TVS)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000585,"A 49-year old man with a normal-appearing spleen on ultrasonography (US).Longitudinal US of the normal spleen shows homogeneous and uniform parenchymal echogenicity, and a crescent shape with smooth outer convexity and nodulous inner margin."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000586,"A 6-year-old girl with an intrapancreatic accessory spleen (IPAS).Transverse ultrasonography of the pancreas shows a 1.3-cm round to oval echogenic mass (arrows) in the pancreas tail (arrowheads), with echogenicity that is identical to that of the splenic parenchyma, suggesting IPAS."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000587,A 60-year-old woman with pyogenic abscess of the spleen.Longitudinal ultrasonography (US) of the spleen shows an oval heterogeneous hypoechoic lesion (arrow) with mild acoustic enhancement in the splenic hilum suggesting an abscess. Klebsiella pneumoniae was identified in US-guided aspiration.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000588,A 3-year-old girl with splenic peliosis.Longitudinal ultrasonography of the spleen shows splenomegaly and multiple poorly defined hypoechoic nodules (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000589,Postoperative radiograph obtained after the procedure.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000590,T-1 weighted coronal section MRI of the brain demonstrating a non-occlusive thrombus in the left IJV at the level of the jugular bulb at the skull base (red arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000591,Abdominal CT scan demonstrated: (A) Large pseudocyst pancreas (B) Multiple stones in the major pancreatic duct and the largest stone in the pancreatic head.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000592,Normal chest X-ray with normal cardiac shadow
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000593,T2 fat-suppression magnetic resonance imaging demonstrating a mass in the right buccal region (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000594,Head CT (18 h after symptom onset) showed ischemic infarcts in the left parieto-occipital lobe and thalamus (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000595,"Widest tear gap width measured on the sagittal view of the MRI. Measurements were digitally analyzed via an image analyzing program (Marosis M-view 5.4, Marotech, Seoul, Korea)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000596,POCUS echocardiography: subcostal projection with pericardial effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000597,Longitudinal scan of left hypochondrium with presence of lung consolidation suggestive of pneumonia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000598,Echocardiogram showing trivial pericardial effusion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000599,Lung point sign and mediastinal point sign (Video 08)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000600,"Sagittal View CT abdomen/pelvis with IV contrast. CT: Computed Tomography; IV: IntravenousThe CT image shows an abscess (50.8 x 60.0 x 60.0 mm, red arrow) with surrounding inflammation of the small bowel and sigmoid colon"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000601,axial T1 sequence showed an hypointense zygomatic lesion with regular borders and lysis of the cortical bone.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000602,Right coronary artery with severe stenosis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000603,Right coronary artery after intravascular lithotripsy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000604,"MRI of the patient's brain in transverse view demonstrating chronic changes. In this transverse view, a 3.7-mm midline shift is seen (red arrow), likely from the subdural hematoma. There are also areas of edema noted (yellow arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000605,Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a 1.2 × 0.5 cm mobile echogenic density on the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000606,Thoracic CT scan showing ground-glass opacities (black arrow) with interlobular septal thickening (white arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000607,CT scan showing bilateral lower lobes ground glass opacities associated with intermixed interlobular lines in lower lobes (white arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000608,Computed tomography (axial view) show 9.3 cm × 8.0 cm high density mass with smooth margin between bladder and rectum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000609,"Sagittal T2W image of the spine showing the compression of the spinal cord by the extradural mass, which invades the dorsal lamina and spinous process of L2 (blue arrow). Note the dilation of the central canal and the hyperintensity of the spinal cord around the mass."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000610,"Brain MRI, axial T1 with gadolinium. Diffuse infectious process of the orbit, infiltrating the fat, muscles, globe coats, lacrimal sac, and duct. Posterior extension to the cavernous sinus (white arrow) and along the dura mater of the ipsilateral anterior temporal lobe (black arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000611,Reduced joint space between proximal interphalangeal joints. Arrows indicate increased soft tissue density between the proximal interpharyngeal joints
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000612,Bony sclerosis in the medial tibia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000613,"Chest X-ray (PA view)—no mediastinal widening, normal study. PA, posteroanterior."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000614,Ultrasound image of the mass at the prenatal ultrasound at 20 weeks.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000615,Chest X-ray showing multiple opacities
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000616,Panoramic radiograph
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000617,Bibasilar infiltrates from COVID-19 infection.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000618,2.4 cm splenic infarction noted on day 2 hospitalization from the aortic thrombus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000619,Echocardiogram showing globally enlarged ventricles with an apical thrombus in the left ventricle (blue arrowhead)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000620,Chest X-ray showing placement of chest tube (red arrow) and improvement of effusion in the right lung. No fractures of the ribs were appreciated.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000621,MRI neck (plain and contrast) suggestive of peripheral nerve sheath tumour. Schwannoma in the suprasternal region with yellow arrows showing fascicular sign
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000622,Computed tomography of the chest showed that the right upper lung had enhanced transmittance due to the right tracheal bronchus’ oppression (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000623,"Depicts the ultrasound image of MTP block. The white circle represents the point of injection of MTP block. TP, transverse process; MTP, mid‐point transverse process to pleura."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000624,Coronal image of the computed tomography scan demonstrating situs inversus and the absence of the hepatic segment of the inferior vena cava with azygos continuation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000625,"A computed tomography scan of the bronchi. A computed tomography scan demonstrating that the bronchi in the left lung are tractioned toward the mediastinum, thus indicating decreased lung volume."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000626,MRI of the brain with contrast T1 weighted sagittal cross section highlighting abnormal enhancement and thickening demonstrating inflammation of the pituitary gland and stalk
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000627,A chest CT showing cryptogenic organizing pneumonia and a subpleural cavitated lesion in the left upper lobe (black arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000628,Computed tomographic angiogram of the chest shows 8 mm pericardial effusion (red arrow) with moderate left pleural effusion and small right pleural effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000629,"Space occupying lesion, measuring about 6 × 5 cm, in the patient's abdomen."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000630,Radiofrequency ablation in the same plane with SpyGlass DS.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000631,X-ray image showing double stent after insertion of the second biliary uncovered metal stent (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000632,Chest X‐ray
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000633,Magnetic resonance imaging (from 2019).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000634,Chest X-ray demonstrating dextrocardia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000635," Ultrasound for the abnormal lymph nodes in the left supraclavicular and level V areas. Several hypoechogenic structure were detected in the left supraclavicular and level V areas, one of which was approximately 10.1 mm × 6.5 mm in size with unclear lymphatic hilus."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000636,Bilateral opacities predominantly on lower peripheral zones.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000637,Subpleural and central emphysema along with diffuse honeycomb.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000638,Reduction in lower lobe fibrosis at the second follow-up HRCT.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000639,"MRI brain axial T2 sequence demonstrates the typical findings of tuberous sclerosis (TS), including subcortical T2 high signal tubers and subependymal nodules lining the lateral ventricles"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000640,"MRI brain axial susceptibility-weighted images demonstrate curvilinear susceptibility artefact (arrow) associated with the right lens, suggestive of retinal detachment"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000641,Ultrasonography of the bulbus. Diameter measured: 0.96 cm. Arrows: retina floating in the vitreous body.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000642,"CBCT panoramic view showed a bilateral impacted mandibular third molars. CBCT, Cone-beam computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000643,"CBCT of the coronal slice showing the idiopathic osteosclerosis. CBCT, Cone beam computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000644,"CBCT of the sagittal slice showing bilateral symmetrically impacted teeth. CBCT, Cone beam computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000645,"Approximately 1 month later, lower extremity computed tomography venography shows a patent stent graft (arrow) in the left external iliac artery. Contrast media extravasation is not visible."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000646,"Lung ultrasound of the left lung base showing a well-circumscribed, hypoechoic lung abscess (asterisk) within consolidated lung with a surrounding pleural effusion (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000647,"PET/CT scan of the abdomen. The scan was performed at admission, before treatment, showing ascending colon cancer with incomplete intestinal obstruction and multiple liver metastatic tumors."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000648,"Severe RDS in B-mode. Compact B-lines (white lung), subpleural consolidation, thick and irregular pleural line."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000649,Chest X-ray anteroposterior view demonstrated the location of the left bundle branch pacing lead (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000650,"Babygram of a patient with the perinatal disease type—disturbances in bone mineralization, bone structure, uneven edges of the epiphyses, and bone deformities after fractures."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000651,Computed tomography 3 months after the reconstruction showing good lung expansion with no atelectasis despite seroma formation. The yellow arrow indicates the Dual Mesh.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000652,Preoperative chest X‐ray
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000653,MRI of the abdomen of Case I° with a frontal cut of the two kidneys. An MRI of the abdomen showed a mildly enlarged appendix without surrounding edema and little free fluid in the pelvis. The kidneys showed mildly irregular signaling in the upper renal pole on both sides and the lower pole on the right side (cortical). Duplex sonography of the renal artery showed a laterally symmetrical resistance index normal for age.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000654,Venous Doppler sonography of the right lower limb; the right popliteal vein is distended with echo poor thrombus
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000655,Pulling one tether after cutting the other. The tether ‘s resistance to pull was strong. Red arrow shows tine of leadless pace maker. The leadless pacemaker was going to be dislodged.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000656,Anterior intramural fibroid and anterior placenta.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000657,"Sagittal T2-weighted fast spin-echo sequence; 59 y/o female; congenital block vertebra C6/7 with degenerative changes in segments C3/4, C4/5, and C5/6 (disk prolapse); however, the segment C7/Th1 is not affected by degeneration, representing a combination of ASDI in one segment and natural degenerative changes. The degeneration score in this patient, who has degeneration in segments C3/4 and C4/5 but not in segments C1/2 and C2/3, is 2 (1 point per segment for loss of height of the intervertebral disk, disk bulging over the dorsal level, and evidence of retrospondylophytes). The respective degeneration ratio is 0.167 (2/12). The degeneration score for the adjacent segments in this patient, who has degeneration in segment C5/6 but not in segment C7/Th1, 1 (loss of height of the intervertebral disk, disk bulging over the dorsal level, and evidence of retrospondylophytes). The adjacent segment ratio is 0.167 (1/6). Consecutively, the instability ratio is 0 (0.167–0.167), which means that the natural degeneration and the degeneration caused by the block vertebra are equal."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000658,Anteroposterior views of the final spinal cord stimulator lead position at the time of placement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000659,Magnetic resonance imaging (fat suppression images) of both arms shows high signal in the entire muscles of both arms (white arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000660,Coronal section CT scan of case 1. The CT scan demonstrated an indwelling catheter in the bladder and a small amount of fluid collection in the abdominopelvic cavity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000661,– Positive CT angiography for acute PE. Signs of RV dysfunction; note increased RV dimensions (RV/LV ratio >1) and ventricular septum bowing leftward.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000662,Transthoracic echocardiography images (February 2021)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000663,Marked worsening of airspace opacities in the right lung with consolidation in the right mid and lower lung and possible right pleural effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000664,"Enlarging anterior 14 x 10 cm pleural air collection (red arrow) probably related to bronchopleural fistula resulting in compressive atelectasis of the right upper and middle lobes, as well as resulting in left mediastinal shift. Right paramedian 11 x 8 cm full-thickness anterior wall soft tissue ulceration (red circle) with fistulous communication with the right pleural air collection. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000665,"Left ventriculogram, portraying hypokinesis (outlined with red)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000666,Chest CT scan at presentation to ED post-op concerning for ARDS.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000667,Echocardiography parasternal long-axis view showing left atrial myxoma
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000668,Echocardiography parasternal short-axis view showing left atrial myxoma
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000669,Computed tomography showed a subarachnoid hemorrhage in left sylvian fissure.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000670,Frontal chest X‐ray shows bilateral innumerable nodules with a miliary pattern resembling miliary tuberculosis. No evidence of hilar lymphadenopathy is seen
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000671,Coronary angiography in the LAO caudal view demonstrated fistula from the double RCA (D.RCA) to the RA and main RCA (M.RCA).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000672,Main laceration sites were divided into medial and lateral parts as indicated by the blue line. Dashed line was drawn along the renal blood vessel axis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000673,"CECT of the abdomen showing a large solid cystic lobulated mass of the left kidney measuring 26 x 16cm in size with perilesional streakiness.CECT, contrast-enhanced computed tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000674,30º anterior-posterior view of the right coronary artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000675,Right eye with tractional retinal detachment.Scan of B-ultrasonography of patients orbits.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000676,Left eye with tractional bands and a round intravitreal lesion.Scan of B-ultrasonography of patients orbits.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000677,USG of right parotid gland showed a well defined irregular hypoechoic lesion in superficial and deep lobes (indicated by orange arrows) No significant vascularity is noted within the lesion in doppler study
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000678,Magnetic resonance imaging of lumbar spine showing degenerative changes
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000679,Treatment planning CT with the radiation isodose lines for a representative patient treated with 30 Gy in five fractions to a 2.7 cm frontal metastasis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000680,MRI showing the tumor of the left cheek with contrast enhanced.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000681,"MRI of the abdomen and pelvis in an axial T1WI sequence.An irregularly-shaped low signal intensity structure is seen, corresponding to the lesions seen on the CT images (long arrow). Another low signal lesion is seen at the subcutaneous tissue of the mid abdomen representing the herniated component (short arrow). "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000682,"MRI of the abdomen and pelvis in a sagittal T1 fat sat sequence, post IV contrast administration.IV enhanced fat-suppressed T1WI shows enhancement of lesion, mostly at the internal septae (arrows). The craniocaudal dimensions of the hernial sac are better demonstrated in this sagittal sequence."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000683,Computed tomography scan that shows fracture of L2 vertebrae with loss of height.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000684,CT-scan chest of patient 1 showing pneumomediastinum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000685,Chest X-ray of third patient showing resolution of pneumomediastinum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000686,The echocardiogram image at the apical 4-chamber window after treatment.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000687,Complications of CT pneumoperitoneum. The arrow shows subcutaneous emphysema in the patient.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000688,Renal puncture under ultrasound guidance.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000689,Sagittal landmarks measurements.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000690, Endoscopic ultrasound view of a T1b esophageal cancer. The cancer invades the submucosa but not the muscularis propria. SM: Submucosa; MP: Muscularis propria.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000691, Endoscopic ultrasound view of a T4 esophageal cancer. The cancer invades the aorta.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000692," Endoscopic ultrasound view of a malignant peritumor lymph node. It is hypoechoic, round, and greater than 1 cm in size and has distinct borders."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000693,Abdominal computed tomography scan indicating free air bubbles (arrows) in the abdomen and pelvis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000694,Post-treatment panorex.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000695,MRCP normal. MRCP: magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000696,Gallbladder ultrasound: normal
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000697,Magnetic resonance imaging showing innumerable parenchymal brain abscesses
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000698,Sagittal view of left adnexal cyst (yellow arrow) on CT abdomen and pelvis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000699,An axial slice of a CT showed the gas flap between ilium and the iliopsoas muscle in the right hip
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000700,CT findings of adhesive small intestine at 26-week gestation. An arrow indicates adhesion site.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000701,CECT of chest demonstrating metastatic lesions (arrows) in bilateral lungs with nodular and irregular interlobular septal thickening consistent with features of lymphangitis carcinomatosa.CECT: contrast-enhanced computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000702,Pre-operative radiograph – bilateral metatarsus adductus deformity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000703,Post-operative radiograph – bilateral medial hemiepiphysiodesis done using eight plates
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000704,"Coronal series computed tomography scan image showing an impacted stone in the terminal bile duct (arrow), with relative proximal dilation of the common bile duct and peripancreatic edema and stranding in the head of the pancreas."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000705,Sagittal view of MRI T2-scan showing the posterior horn of a medial meniscus transplant (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000706,Pa skull view postoperative radiograph case 1.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000707,Postoperative lateral skull view radiograph case 2.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000708,Ultrasound B-scan tomography of the right eye showed a reflection of dense vitreous opacity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000709,Chest X-ray obtained during the patient's episode of respiratory distress revealing increased/worsening right-sided pulmonary consolidation/edema
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000710,Chest X-ray obtained on the 23rd day of admission showing marked improvement of the right-sided pulmonary consolidation/edema
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000711,Normal CT scan of the abdomen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000712,A CT reconstruction showing aortoiliac vascular occlusion and calcified splenic artery. This is a complex case that could require the anastomoses to the native renal vessels.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000713,Pelvic ultrasound showing heterogenous mass adjacent to right ovary.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000714,PET/CT demonstrating hypermetabolic lesion within the pulmonary artery and extending bilaterally (arrow)PET: positron emission tomography; CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000715,Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) demonstrating pulmonic valve insufficiency
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000716,Abdominal X-Ray—right upper quadrant distended colonic loop.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000717,"Lateral cephalogram with marked points, lines, and angles presented in Table 1 used to assess head position, cervical vertebrae, and functional spaces. AP—anteroposterior; CV angle—craniovertebral angle; MGP—McGregor’s Plane; NS—nasion-sella line; C0—basiocciput; C1—C3; C5—first, second, third, fifth cervical vertebrae."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000718,Ultrasound-guided percutaneous drainage of the air/fluid collection (performed within 24 hours of admission).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000719,"Sacro-iliite droite. Sclérose sous-chondrale (bande hypointense). IRM, image pondérée en T1Right sacroiliitis. Subchondral sclerosis (hypointense band). MRI T1-weightened image"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000720,MRI of the head revealed a large left-sided arachnoid cyst (arrows) and redemonstrated the right-sided MCA stroke.MCA: middle cerebral artery; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000721,"Measurement of the hip–knee–ankle angle. The angle between the line connecting the center of the femoral head and the intercondylar center of the femur, and the line connecting the center of the tibial spine and the center of the talar dome was defined as the hip–knee–ankle angle"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000722,The Insall–Salvati ratio. The ratio was represented as B/A
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000723, Scout view of CT abdomen/pelvis showing a distended cecum lying anterior and medial to its normal position.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000724,Three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography (atrial aspect) showing localized posteromedial dehiscence of the annuloplasty ring.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000725,"Barium meal. Giant ulcer in the median third of the stomach, with a pseudodiverticular subcardial lumen deformity."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000726,"Left-sided biconvex pleural collection forming an obtuse angle with the chest wall.Open access. Creative commons license. Case courtesy of Dr Ian Bickle, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 74921"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000727,"Split pleura sign on CT scan with thick pleural lining.Image courtesy of radiopedia. Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. Case courtesy of Dr Ahmed Abdrabou, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 24442"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000728,CAG showing CALM.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000729,Radiostereophotogrammetric analysis postoperatively of patient no. 5. The tantalum markers in the epiphysis and metaphysis of both tibia and femur are marked with a circle. Additional markers in the image are from the reference and calibration device.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000730,"Left outflow tract in a fetus with severe aortic stenosis (AS) at 24 + 2 weeks of gestation. Color Doppler demonstrates a high velocity jet over the aortic valve and massive mitral insufficiency (MI) LV, left ventricle; RV, right ventricle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000731,"Left outflow tract view in a fetus at 27 + 0 weeks of gestation with severe aortic stenosis after successful balloon dilatation of the aortic valve. Color Doppler demonstrates aortic insufficiency (AI) in diastole. LV, left ventricle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000732,plain abdominal X-rays showing free air-stripes under both hemidiaphragm and in the peripherals
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000733,Preoperative abdominopelvic computed tomography scan showing a 2.6-cm enhancing mass (red arrowhead) in the left lateral rectal wall with left internal iliac lymph node enlargements (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000734,CT angiography of the ascending aorta with the white arrowing pointing at the large 15mm free-floating thrombus
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000735, Computed tomography of the abdomen showing pancreatic inflammation without significant dilatation of the pancreatic ducts.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000736, Head computed tomography on admission showed symmetric calcification in basal ganglia. No sign of infraction or hemorrhage was observed; White arrows: Calcification.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000737,"Pre-operative OPG showing cyst-like lesion in the right coronoid process (pointed by yellow arrow). Linear radiopacity is the tracer gutta-percha point passed through the extra-oral cutaneous tract (pointed by blue arrows). The gutta percha point is seen abutting the cyst-like lesion in the coronoid process. OPG, orthopantomograph"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000738,"Post-operative OPG at six-months follow-up.OPG, orthopantomograph"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000739,"X-ray showing pleural effusions secondary to pneumonia (black arrow), in addition to chronic stable, S-shaped scoliosis (red arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000740,Angiogram of the neck showing dissection of the left cervical internal carotid artery without any evidence of contrast extravasation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000741,"Fluoroscopically assisted needle biopsy (red arrow) after finding of continued distal left clavicle osteolysis after revision surgery, removal of implants, and four week course of intravenous Vancomycin. MRI demonstrated resolution of osteomyelitis. Cultures of the biopsy demonstrated no growth of C. acnes three weeks after. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000742,L4 burst fracture
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000743,Same patient (case #9) after removal of the spanning plate 2.5 months later showing adequate union
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000744,HRCT-Chest showing diffuse areas of ground glass opacities with interlobular septal thickening in bilateral lung fields
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000745,HRCT-Chest showing diffuse areas of ground glass opacities with interlobular septal thickening in bilateral lung fields and left upper zone cavitary lesion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000746,Another focus on thrombi in the left ventricular apex by TTE.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000747,Selective coronary angiography showed total occlusion of left anterior descending artery with collateralization (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000748,CT finding of second thrombus in the area of interventricular septum (purple arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000749,X-ray image of a patient included in our dataset.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000750,X-ray image of stump spike.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000751,Computerized tomography (CT) scan of the head and face. A short strips of “U” shaped high density structure (red arrow) due to foreign body in the right cheek.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000752, Abdominal X-ray showing surgical clips at level of T12/L1 (arrowheads) and another clip at L1/L2 (arrow).Abdominal X-ray showing surgical clips at level of T12/L1 (arrowheads) and another clip at L1/L2 (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000753,CT chest axial view lung window showed diffuse bilateral multifocal ground-glass opacities with prominent interlobular septa in the lower lobes.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000754,Steeple sign (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000755,"Comminution of fracture (over a well-fixed Zweymueller-type stem, not visible in radiographs) is a minor mechanical criterion, but it can hide impaired biology. The patient was on chronic GSs therapy for myasthenia gravis and presented secondary hypoparathyroidism, too, both due to a thymoma."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000756, MRI of the left hip showing evidence of marked degenerative changes at the hip joints. It also demonstrates the presence of osteonecrosis of both femoral heads with partial collapse of the left femoral head (white arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000757,Magnetic resonance imaging of the neck (sagittal view) showing anterior fluid collection partially obstructing the trachea (blue arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000758,"Magnetic resonance imaging of the neck (sagittal view) showing two more enhancing fluid collections, one retropharyngeally abutting the first and second cervical vertebrae (blue arrow), and the other extending into the trachea (red arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000759,Homogeneous hypoechoic enlarged nodes with echogenic hilum
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000760,"Ultrasound images of two artificial solid tumors made of olive and carrot pieces to represent oval inhomogeneous lesions. Olive flesh appeared as a mildly hyperechoic area at the edge of the lesion, while carrot pieces appeared as a hypoechoic area in the middle portion with a posterior shadow and several small linear hyperechoic areas."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000761,Radiograph shows the configuration of bones of patient's right hand after fixation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000762,"Axial T2-weighted head MR image on the day following initial onset. This MR image reveals acute sphenoid sinusitis, including fluid (arrowheads)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000763,Axial CT-scan showing the knife shattering the right eyeball and severing the left optic nerve.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000764, Postoperative urinary and pelvic ultrasonography image taken within 3 mo of surgery for case 2.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000765,Thoracic computed tomography scan displaying bilateral pulmonary nodules (red arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000766,"Chest radiography showing a knife penetrating the left chest wall and pneumothorax. The yellow arrows indicate the collapsed left lung. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000767,"Measuring the dimensions of bone defect based on the sagittal view of the CBCT data.A: Cementoenamel junction (CEJ) at the labial side, B: Alveolar crest at the labial side, C: Coronal border of a fenestration, D: Apical border of a fenestration, DC: Distance between A and B measured by the CBCT method (mm), FC: Distance between C and D measured by the CBCT method (mm)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000768,The cross-sectional area of the visceral fat area (VFA) at the umbilical level was automatically measured on CT. VFA is in yellow.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000769,"Transverse thoracic section showing fetal heart (short arrow), lung (long arrow) and pericardial effusion (arrowhead)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000770,"Profile section showing frontal bossing, massive scalp, and face edema."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000771,Bitewing X-ray of 4.6 tooth showing the proximity of the lesion to the pulp.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000772,Clinical control at 6 months showing yellow discoloration and local destruction of the Biodentine™ coronal restoration.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000773, Angiomyolipoma in a healthy 33-year-old woman. Abdominal computed tomography on arterial phase showed a hypervascular solid tumor localized in the right posterior segment (arrowheads).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000774,CT image demonstrating an enlarged spleen at 16 cm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000775,"Axial CT of the pelvis in bone window, showing widening of the right sacroiliac joint (downward blue arrow) with focal erosions in the right sacral ala (leftward blue arrow) and sclerosis of the right iliac articular surface. Cloaca formation (rightward blue arrow) is noted in the iliac articular surface with sequestrum within the medullary cavity.CT - computed tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000776,Axial CT of the pelvis after two years showing extensive sclerosis of the sacroiliac joint margins with widening of the sacroiliac joint space (rightward blue arrow).CT - Computed Tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000777,Lymphography of a chronic ulcer of the left tibia. ©UKGM Giessen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000778,US gallbladder transverse view with white arrows showing thickened wall
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000779,"CT scan, illustrating normal position of aortic stent graft and condition after esophagectomy"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000780,"Computed tomography of the chest showing pneumothorax (blue arrow), pneumopericardium (yellow arrow), epidural pneumorrhachis (green arrow), and muscular emphysema (red arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000781,Chest x-ray demonstrating a widened mediastinum with tracheal deviation to the left.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000782,Long axis view of emergency department ultrasonography demonstrating clot in right subclavian vein
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000783,Single front-view X-ray of the chest with no evidence of acute disease and a calcified aorta consistent with atherosclerotic disease.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000784,"The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) axial view through the insertion of the distal biceps. The arrow shows the biceps tendon (B). The anterior (A) and posterior (P) curved arrows show the arc of the radial tuberosity. The protuberance (arrowhead) of the radial tuberosity is found anterior to the tendon insertion and is thought to function as a mechanical cam in increasing the supination moment of the biceps. R, radius; U, ulna. (Reprinted from J Bone and Joint Surgery, 2015, doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.N.01221, Schmidt CC, Brown BT, Williams BG, Rubright JH, Schmidt DL, Pic AC, Nakashian MR, Schimoler PJ, Miller MC with permission from Wolters Kluwer (The Importance of Preserving the Radial Tuberosity During Di... : JBJS (lww.com))"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000785,Cardiac magnetic resonance showed late gadolinium enhancement in left ventricular wall.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000786,Chest X-ray showing dextrocardia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000787,"CT abdomen, left kidney cannot be visualized."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000788,Abdominal ultrasound demonstrates “target sign” suggestive of intussusception.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000789,"Computed tomography, cross-sectional view, showing the large right colon mass causing obstruction."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000790,"Contrast enhanced Computed tomography scan depicting solitary right renal artery. P, Pre caval right renal artery"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000791,"Gastric enteral tube placement. Phased array probe (1-5 MHz) in “Abdominal” preset with probe marker facing cephalad placed in left mid-clavicular subcostal location. The stomach here is distended with hypoechoic fluid, and inside it can be seen a linear hyperechoic density representing the gastric enteral tube (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000792,"Left ventricular outflow tract diameter parasternal long axis view. Of 1-5 MHz phased array probe with probe marker facing patient’s right shoulder, parasternal long axis view. Left ventricular outflow tract diameter measured during mid-systole, inner edge to inner edge, from septal endocardium to anterior mitral leaflet, in order to calculate cross-sectional area (πr2)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000793," Kidney in its Longitudinal axis. Phased array probe (1-5 MHz) in “Abdominal” preset placed with probe marker facing cephalad in right mid-axillary location. In this normal ultrasound, the liver serves as an acoustic window, under which can be seen the thin hyperechoic kidney capsule, the hypoechoic parenchymal cortex, and the central hyperechoic renal sinus."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000794,Lateral view x-ray of patient's cervical spine obtained through fluoroscopy. Spinal cord stimulator lead shown to be placed at the bottom of C1 vertebral body with anterior and posterior hardware present.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000795,7 T 2D dual-echo GRE (T2*) axial image of a test subject’s cerebrum with a voxel size of 0.3 × 0.3 × 2.0 mm
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000796,"Atypical polypoid adenomyoma on B-ultrasound (endometrium 1.0 cm, intrauterine hyperechoic mass 1.7*1.2 cm)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000797,Chest X ray on admission. Early right lower zone cavitation is indicated by the arrow.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000798,Common bile duct stent partial occlusion with filling defects (fungus balls) at the tip of the black arrow.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000799,Typical anterior-posterior plain radiographs showed extensive intestinal and colon flatulence and multiple fluid levels.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000800,Left heart catheterization demonstrating moderate nonobstructive coronary artery disease mainly in the left anterior descending coronary artery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000801,Initial panoramic.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000802,Final panoramic.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000803,Final teleradiography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000804,Measurement of the degree of the needle trajectory in the anterolateral approach
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000805,X-ray showing residual right cervical rib (postoperative) and left cervical rib.(shown by arrowhead).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000806,Bilateral cervical rib (right more than left) (shown by arrowhead).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000807,"The measurement of the patellar tilt angle (PTA), defined as the angle between the widest patellar axis and the posterior condylar line"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000808,"Venous phase CT demonstrating thrombus occluding the entire intrahepatic IVC. The hepatic veins are not visualised however a dilated accessory inferior right hepatic vein (AIRHV) can be seen. IVC, inferior vena cava."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000809,Selective catheterisation of the AIRHV with angiography demonstrating near complete occlusion of the right and middle hepatic vein ostia with aberrant intrahepatic venous collaterals allowing hepatic venous outflow via the AIHRV. Blue arrows denote direction of blood flow.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000810,Lateral angiographic view demonstrating occluded IVC with collateralisation of paralumbar veins.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000811,Axial CT scan shows a medial approximation of the nasal processes of the maxilla (arrows) causing a marked pyriform aperture narrowing and pyriform sinus hypoplasia (pointed out by white arrows and red ellipse)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000812,Solitary median incisor tooth (pointed out by white arrow) visible in axial CT scan
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000813,"This AP film X-ray shows a large cystic cavity with a marked attenuated vascular marking on the left middle and lower zone, with a clear compression on the heart and ipsilateral hemidiaphragm, raising the possibility of congenital cavity lung lesion, especially CPAM-1 (the white arrows show the borders of the cyst, while the yellow arrow points to the center of the cavitation)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000814,"Large homogenous added density occupying most of the right side of the hemithorax with a large amount of air fluid in the superior aspect, as shown by the white arrow, silhouetting the cardiac border, costo- and cardiophrenic angles with no air bronchogram, suggesting large right-sided lung abscess with secondary mild hyperinflation on the left side of the lung."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000815,"Axial section abdominal CT angiogram showing wedge-shaped perfusion defect noted on the upper pole of the left kidney suggesting infarction due to segmental branch occlusion as well as infarction of the entire right kidney due to total occlusion of the right renal artery. CT, computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000816,B lines (horizontal arrows) and pleural line (vertical arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000817,CT chest with contrast showing large heterogeneous mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000818,MRI of patient 1 revealing a fluid collection in the right lower abdomen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000819,Abdominal computed tomography scan revealed a central area of fat attenuation surrounded by a thick collar of soft tissue attenuation suggestive of Meckel’s diverticulum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000820,Ultrasound of right kidney showing diffuse increased echogenicity of renal parenchyma consistent with chronic renal disease.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000821,CT ears without contrast showed fluid-filled inferior right mastoid air cells to support the case presentation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000822,Showing an expansile lytic lesion in the right superior ‎pubic ramus on the pre-operative pelvic radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000823,Showing complete curettage of the lesion as appeared on the intra-operative pelvic radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000824,Plain computed tomographic scan shows a renal fistula penetrating the renal parenchyma through the dorsal skin.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000825,Brain magnetic resonance imaging T2 fat-saturated; a skin-derived lobulated mass with a vertical length of approximately 7.4 cm and transverse dimensions of 4.6 × 4.3 cm at the level of the right nasal aperture at its widest point is observed. Invasion of the mass into the nasal passage or ethmoid cells was not detected
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000826,CT pelvis with contrast showing enlarged right inguinal (red arrow) and right external iliac lymph nodes (blue arrow) with mild subcutaneous strandy changes in the right upper thigh.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000827,"Chest radiograph just prior to TPC removal, five-months after initial placement, demonstrating small residual effusion."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000828,CT SCAN: bublle air in the shunt chamber.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000829,CT scan revealed the persistence of hydrocephalus and pnemocephalus
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000830,Control CT scan 1 month.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000831,"A 51-year-old male presented with a 1-week history of severe left shoulder pain after lifting weights at the gym. CT of the left shoulder with coronal reformations demonstrates a gross case of ACP, with capsular/pericapsular calcific deposits and extensive further calcification which tracks medially into the supraclavicular fat (arrows)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000832,Computed tomography angiography demonstrating successful closure of the ventricular septal defect.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000833,Paranasal coronal CT scan shows right ethmoid sinus and nasal cavity mass with orbital and intracranial involvement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000834,Cysticercosis. Contrast-enhanced CT of the orbits demonstrates a hypodense cystic mass within the left superior rectus with peripheral rim enhancement (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000835,"Axial plane of computed tomography scan. This section showing the lower level of lacrimal fossa and other structures around this. Lacrimal fossa consists of maxilliary bone (MB, yellow) and lacrimal bone (LB, green) and these 2 bones connect at anterior lacrimal crest (MB-LB). In this case the location of the anterior insertion of the uncinate process (UP) is anterior to the posterior lacrimal crest (PLC) and posterior to the maxillary bone. LS, lacrimal sac; MT, middle turbinate; S, septum."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000836,Chest X-ray showing pulmonary infiltrates on the left. The blue arrow indicates an area of ill-defined infiltrates in the lower lobe of the left lung.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000837,Chest x-ray on day of admission (Source: Created by Author)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000838,A routine abdominal X-ray reveals intestinal gas in the patient's left upper abdomen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000839,"Sagittal T2 MRI image demonstrating T12 fracture non-union (red arrow), note that the image also demonstrates evidence of endplate changes."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000840,CT scan image showing the aortic dissection extending to the brachiocephalic trunk.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000841,a CT scan image showing the dissection in the aortic arch (c) with the true (b) and the false lumen (a).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000842,CT scan image showing the extension of the dissection to the abdominal aorta.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000843,CT imaging showing a right lower lobe segmental pulmonary artery embolism.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000844, A well-defined tumor with calcification was identified in the left parotid gland
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000845,T2_tse sagittal images of the cervical spine showing major edema and minimal syrinx formation of the myelum extending all the way from C1 to C6
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000846,Radiological measurement of the sagittal X-ray. The regional Cobb angle is the angle between the red tangential line to the cephalad endplate line of the upper instrumented vertebrae (UIV) (B) and the red tangential line to the caudal endplate line of the lower instrumented vertebrae (D). The proximal junctional Cobb angle is the angle between the blue tangential line to the cephalad endplate line of the two supraadjacent vertebrae above the UIV (A) and the blue tangential line to the caudal endplate line of the UIV (C).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000847,T2-weighted MRI showing thick-walled and mildly enhancing tract extending from lesion immediately anterior to the lobule of the pinna to the floor of the lateral bony external auditory meatus
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000848,"An X-ray showing herniated loops in the left hemithorax, which appeared as multiple lucent shadows and severely reduced lung space (arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000849,X-ray with soluble iodine contrast at the 1-month follow-up showing the upper gastrointestinal tract and that the repair was satisfactory
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000850,Coronary angiography showing a congenitally absent right coronary ostium and a large left circumflex artery extending down the atrioventricular groove and supplying the right coronary artery myocardial domain.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000851,Postoperative chest x-ray PA view. PA: posterior-anterior
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000852,Postoperative KUB showed disappearance of the radiopaque lesion at right kidney area. Right double J ureteral stent were in situ.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000853,"CT scan of the abdomen. The image shows a small amount of liquid collected on the hepatic bed, extending medially adjacent to the VI hepatic segment (marked by the blue arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000854,CT scan of the pelvis. The image shows a moderate collection of liquid on the pelvis (marked by the blue arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000855,"(a) Chest CT scans (lung window, coronal view) show patchy ground-glass opacities in accordance with COVID-19 dominant in the peripheral zones of the lower lungs (black arrows); (b) Chest CT scans (lung window, coronal view) after six months of follow-up show resolution of lung lesions (black arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000856,Coronal T2-weighted imaging showing a grossly enlarged uterus with multiple T2 heterogenous signal intensity intramural fibroids in the lower uterine segment and extensively thickened myometrium in the fundal region and upper uterine segment (1.5 Tesla MRI).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000857,Axial T2-weighted image showing a grossly enlarged uterus with multiple T2 heterogenous signal intensity intramural fibroids in the lower uterine segment and extensively thickened myometrium in the fundal region and upper uterine segment (1.5 Tesla MRI).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000858,"Transverse unenhanced CT image of the head of a 4.5-month-old intact female Ragdoll cat following traumatic brain injury. A brain-windowed image at the level of the tentorium shows a caudotentorial hyperattenuating lesion (white arrows) surrounded by mild hypoattenuating focal area (arrowhead) consistent with acute haemorrhage surrounded by mild oedema. On the Koret CT score, 3 points are granted for caudotentorial oedema and 1 point for parenchymal haemorrhage"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000859,Initial arteriography revealed single vessel disease and a thrombus containing lesion at the LAD ostium (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000860,"Abdominal ultrasonography. Abdominal ultrasonography showed multiple septa throughout the lumen of the gallbladder, giving it a honeycomb appearance (arrow). No gallstones or masses were identified"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000861,Axial abdominal MSCT illustrated multiple nodules with distinct margins at both the right and left lobes of the liver.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000862,Positron emission tomography images of the right scapular mass
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000863,"After 6 month, no evidence of recurrence is observed in the CT."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000864,Chest X‐ray in 51‐year‐old woman (Case 2) shows bilateral and diffuse interstitial miliary images with some left upper lobe infiltrates
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000865,CT view of metallic foreign body within the transverse colon.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000866,CT view of metallic foreign body within the liver abscess cavity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000867,An anteroposterior X-ray of the pelvis with the hip joints of a 70-year-old male patient that presented with injuries to the right lower limb and a superficial head injury without loss of consciousness shows an old fracture of the neck of the right femur.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000868,Computed tomography (CT) image of phase 2 post-contrast study of the abdomen showing the mass associated with the caudal pole of the right adrenal gland with rim enhancement and mild homogenous central enhancement (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000869,Nine-month follow-up frog bilateral hip X-rays.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000870,Conical extractor being used to remove the retained broken screw.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000871,Color Doppler sonogram of the umbilical cord showing the UAs (arrows) and the umbilical vein (arrowhead).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000872,"A 61-year-old woman in the success group.The contrast-enhanced axial CT shows mild dilatation of the appendix, with a maximal diameter of 8.3 mm, hyperenhancement of the appendiceal wall (arrows), and no periappendiceal fat stranding. She was successfully treated with antibiotic therapy and no recurrence occurred."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000873,Radiolucent stripes can be observed along the cardiac border on plain radiographs of the chest (indicated by white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000874,A frontal computed tomography scan of the chest. Approximately 80% of the length of a dilator corresponding to the distance between the site of puncture on the internal jugular vein and that on the superior vena cava.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000875,PTAD does not show any contrast agent leakage into the chest cavity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000876,Abdominal CT shows a reduction in the size of the hepatic cyst infection.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000877,Bilateral incomplete hippocampal inversion on a coronal T2 weighted image.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000878,"CT scan: dilated appendix with fat stranding, coronal view."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000879,Chest computerized tomography in favor of left‐sided pleural effusion and mass (demonstrated with yellow arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000880,Echocardiogram showing parasternal long axis view.LV: left ventricle; IVS: interventricular septum; Ao: aorta; AoV: aortic valve; MV: mitral valve; LA: left atrium
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000881,LV angiogram illustrating the typical finding of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy with severe mitral valve regurgitation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000882,The MSCT of the head of the axial slice without contrast was sclerotic with left and right mastoid air-cell depletion (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000883,"Enhanced CT with oral contrast, sagittal view showing the communication of Meckel’s diverticulum with the small intestine"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000884,Enhanced CT with oral contrast showing the transverse colon (white arrow) lying lateral to the ascending (blue arrow) towards the left abdomen
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000885,Liver tumor on T1 in-phase.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000886,Axial view of CT scan and the bilateral adrenal hemorrhages
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000887,Ultrasound image of the neonatal hip in the axial view showing significant purulent fluid collection in the joint space. LT HIP - LEFT HIP
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000888,"Computed tomography, sagittal view demonstrating collapsed in the 4th part of duodenum (indicated by arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000889,CT Brain showing bilateral basal ganglia whitish calcification (indicated by the colored arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000890,CT Brain showing bilateral cerebral atrophy in the form of enlarged cerebral ventricles and widened sulci (indicated by the colored arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000891,Follow-up ultrasound. A bilobed 2x1.6 cm mass at the 10 o’clock position 10 cm from the nipple
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000892,Post-procedure mammogram after insertion of seed
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000893,Lateral preoperative right foot weight-bearing X-ray.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000894,Lateral postoperative left foot weight-bearing X-ray.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000895,"Ultrasound examination showed hyperechoic densities and point tractions on the retina (blue arrowhead). Densities forms strands and membranes with reduced mobility (green arrowhead). In order to confirm that the retina is not detached, the A-scan was superimposed over B-scan."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000896,Plain X‐ray
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000897,Subacute or cluster 1 hypersensitivity pneumonitis.Axial thin-section CT scan at the level of lung bases shows diffuse ground-glass opacity interposed with areas of normal lung and lobular areas of decreased attenuation (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000898,"Lateral (side-view) radiograph of the lower neck of a 17-year-old gelding with neck pain. Marked arthritis is associated with the joint spaces (articular facets – 1), especially between the fifth (C5) and sixth (C6), as well as sixth and seventh (C7) vertebrae."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000899,Computerized tomography scan of the abdomen showing massive splenomegaly.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000900,Color Doppler ultrasound grading of hyperthyroidism level 2.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000901,The chest X-ray shows pleural effusion accumulating in the inferior zone of the right lung (arrow) secondary to heart failure.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000902,"The cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the 2-chamber long-axis view shows a dilated left ventricle. Late gadolinium enhancement is not seen. LA, Left atrium; LV, Left ventricle"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000903,Pre-operative CT scan of Case 4 showing a large encapsulated abdominal fluid collection with associated peripheral peritoneal calcification
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000904," Radiograph: Measurement of the critical shoulder angle on a true anteroposterior radiograph, classified as Type A using the Suter-Henninger criteria[5]. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000905,An example of a radiograph categorized as a major discrepancy. A chest radiograph was performed on a 50-year-old man with underlying bronchial asthma who presented with shortness of breath. The trainee missed the pneumothorax in the left hemithorax in about 20% of them (black arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000906,"Two-mm axial section from the outpatient CT scan performed in November 2021, demonstrating resolution of the perisplenic haematoma with foreign body in situ."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000907,Preoperative CT image; white arrows indicate a tumor with thickening of the gastric wall.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000908,Preoperative elbow lateral view of a complex elbow trauma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000909,Post-op lateral view (osteosynthesis of the ulna with proximally contoured locking plate and radial head arthroplasty).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000910,"Intestinal atresia identified by prenatal ultrasonography, showing dilation of intestinal loops of 30 mm and interloop edema."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000911,"Selected cine frame in the postero-anterior projection of a single ventricular (SV) cine-angiogram demonstrating simultaneous opacification of the main (MPA), left (LPA), and right (RPA) pulmonary arteries from the SV and the aorta (Ao) from the right ventricle (RV). Note that the Ao is positioned to the left of the MPA, indicating l-transposition of the great vessels. C1. Catheter in the inferior vena cava (not marked) which was advanced into the right atrium (RA) and then into the SV; C2. Catheter in the descending aorta (not marked)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000912,Subluxation of the left femoral head in a nine-month girl with persistent septic arthritis of the hip.The yellow arrow shows the subluxation of the left femoral head. Fluoroscopy-assisted closed reduction was performed and maintained with a hip spica cast.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000913,Two years after the initial infection there is a significant remodelling of the femoral head.The yellow arrow the remodeling of the femoral head after two years. The patient has no symptoms and is able to bear weight.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000914,Chest radiograph shows diffuse bilateral nodular densities (often poorly marginated) in varying stages of cavitation (red arrows). Informed consent for publication of the clinical images was obtained from the patient.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000915,Doppler venous ultrasound of the right lower extremity with the right popliteal vein not compressible demonstrating an acute deep vein thrombosis in the right popliteal vein.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000916,Anteroposterior chest x-ray (CXR) evaluating the cause for chronic productive cough showing multiple and disseminated rounded macronodular opacities of different sizes
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000917,Venography of the left subclavian vein
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000918,Computed tomography showing multiple enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000919,"The sagittal MRI image prominently shows severe stenosis at the L4-L5 level, as indicated by the horizontal line, with nerve root impingement as well as L5-S1 foraminal stenosis and nerve root impingement"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000920,"Computerized tomography of abdomen pelvis with contrast. (A) There is new diffuse marked colonic distention with fecal dilatation measuring up to 9 cm. There is a transition point at the sigmoid colon of unclear etiology. (B) In addition, there is a progression of small bowel dilatation, which is now fluid- and fecal-filled."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000921,Axial MRI images at age of 7 months showing abnormal symmetry signals of bilateral pallidus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000922,Axial MRI images at age of 9 months showing displayed diffusely and symmetrically abnormal signal in bilateral pallidus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000923,"Diagram of ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block. Note: QL Quadratus lumbar muscle, QLB quadratus lumborum block, PM psoas muscle, ES erector spinae. The arrow tip indicates the drug injection point"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000924,"T1-weighed MRI demonstrates a 26-millimeter peripherally enhancing extra-axial lesion (arrow) in the left cerebellopontine angle with adjacent edema and mild mass effect in the left cerebellum. MRI, magnetic resonance imaging."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000925,"Following intubation, the first portable chest radiograph shows mild cardiomegaly, background interstitial pulmonary edema, dense consolidation in the right upper lobe, and patchy opacity at the right lung base. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000926,Transesophageal echocardiogram showing flail anterior mitral valve leaflet during systole with the ruptured anterior papillary muscle attached to the chordae tendineae.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000927,Post-operative chest radiograph (approximately 36 hours after presentation) showing significant improvement in right-sided infiltrates after mitral valve replacement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000928,Computerized tomography image. Right inguinal adenopathy (white arrow) and PCBCL (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000929,MRI BrainMRI image showing patchy acute infarctions within the left frontal lobe and right parietal lobe as indicated by arrows. 
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000930,"MRI Cervical SpineImage showing area of abnormal signal within the disc space and marrow at C5-C6 and C6-C7, marked by an arrow, concerning for discitis-osteomyelitis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000931,X-ray of the right elbow shows cartilage calcification.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000932,Axial CT scan. Pedicled bony mass (asterisk) arising from mastoid cortex of the right side. The pedicle is indicated by the arrow.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000933,Chest computed tomography with intravenous contrast demonstrating bilateral ground-glass opacities.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000934,"Left parotid gland abscess on CT, after intravenous injection of contrast medium"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000935,Acinic cell carcinoma. Satellite lymphadenomegaly on frontal fat sat T2-weighted image
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000936,"Sialadenosis in an obese teenager. Diffuse enlargement of both parotid glands whose signal is normal and abundant subcutaneous fat, on axial T2-weighted image"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000937,Axial ultrasound of the larynx with in-axis placement of the 18 G needle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000938,Transesophageal echocardiogram showing tricuspid valve endocarditis. Transesophageal echocardiogram showing tricuspid valve endocarditis with moving into the right atrium with valve closure [A].
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000939,"CT of the lower pelvis; supralevator abscess, with extension upward in touch with the left ilio-femoral vessels. The abscess cavity is shown approaching the skin with a long fistulous tract containing liquid (pus) and gas bubbles (green arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000940,"Postoperative CT of the lower pelvis, demonstrating a collapsed left supralevator space and superiorly expanding fistulous tract."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000941, An X-Ray of the left thigh. Orange arrow indicates start of destruction of the femur.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000942,Retained pacemaker lead across bioprosthetic tricuspid annulus on fluoroscopy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000943,Coronary angiography of the right coronary artery to illustrate the typical take-off of the side branch to the sinoatrial node. (A higher resolution / colour version of this figure is available in the electronic copy of the article).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000944,"CTA of the aorta of the patient with bilateral run off showing infrarenal dominant abdominal aortic aneurysm with juxtarenal aortic dissection (red arrow); it also shows that the false lumen supplies the right renal artery which is mostly thrombosed (blue arrow), in addition to delayed right kidney nephrogram (yellow arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000945,Preoperative intravenous pyelography displaying multiple right‐upper ureteral strictures.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000946, Axial CT scan without IV contrast.Red arrow is pointing at the right superficial femoral artery pseudoaneurysm. White arrow is pointing at a large inguinal hernia that was discovered concurrently. 
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000947,T2 FLAIR post-contrast MRI brain images showing high T2 signal in the posterior left Sylvian cortical region
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000948,T2 FLAIR post-contrast MRI brain imaging showing high T2 signal in left thalamus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000949,Resolution of intestinal inflammation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000950,PET scan showing the primary tumor in the right breast
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000951,Cardiac catheterization during diastole showing myocardial tissue relaxation. White arrows show left ventricle in diastole.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000952,Radiograph of the left hand
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000953,Preoperative endoscopic ultrasonography revealed that the distance between the tumor (arrow) and the main pancreatic duct (arrowhead) was approximately 3 mm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000954,Intraoperative pancreatography immediately after tumor enucleation revealed no leakage from the main pancreatic duct (arrowhead).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000955,Computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed a 10.3×12.7×13.8cm complex cystic and solid pelvic mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000956,CT scan depicting divarication of recti
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000957,Magnetic Resonance Imaging Enterogram showing heterogenous T2 iso hyperinterse lesion within distal ileum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000958,CT chest showing patchy opacities in both lungs
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000959,"Case 3: Axial T2/FLAIR sequence showing asymmetric, non-enhancing, periventricular white matter hyperintensities. FLAIR: fluid-attenuated inversion recovery"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000960,X-Ray of the thorax showing the lead bullet in the left side.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000961,A suspected tumor in the right anterior fossa of the fetal brain.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000962,Post-procedure chest radiograph showing rapid atelectasis of the RUL and tracheal deviation to the right. RUL: right-upper lobe
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000963,Chest radiograph showing right-sided pneumothorax following removal of malpositioned chest tube
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000964,"Anteroposterior view of the left shoulder demonstrating the humeral head inferior to the glenoid fossa.HH: humeral head, GF: glenoid fossa"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000965,"Anteroposterior view of the left shoulder postreduction demonstrating the humeral head within the glenoid fossa.HH: humeral head, GF: glenoid fossa"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000966,Axillary view of the left shoulder postreduction demonstrating a reduced humeral head within the glenoid fossa.HH: humeral head. GF: glenoid fossa
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000967,"Scapular Y-view of left shoulder demonstrating humeral head within the glenoid with proximal migration.HH: humeral head, PM: proximal migration"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000968,A preoperative AP radiograph demonstrating the degenerative changes in the knee
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000969,Computed tomography prior to extrapleural pneumonectomy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000970,Retrograde urethrogram. The arrow indicates the contrast defect suggesting the posterior urethral stricture with a length of 4 centimeters.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000971,Ultrasonic image taken in the state of Valsalva maneuver.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000972,"Fluoroscopic view of the point at which the axillary vein is entered using ultrasound (US) guidance. The point at which the tip of a 21-gauge needle was advanced through the anterior wall of the axillary vein with direct US is marked with an arrow. The location of the 0.018-in wire, which was passed through the needle and advanced to the level of the inferior vena cava, is also marked with an arrow."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000973,"Annotation of the femoral heads, sacral endplate, and vertebral bodies on a lateral x-ray of a patient who had undergone L4/5 spinal fusion"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000974,Ultrasound scan over the right kidney shows multiple cystic lesions with multiple loculations with no evidence of discernible solid component (arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000975,"Axial T2 weighted MRI image demonstrates a well-circumscribed, encapsulated mass consisting of multiple cysts with variably enhancing septa soft tissue without vascular or adjacent organ invasion "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000976,A 42-year-old man with a cystic schwannoma in the right paravertebral mediastinum.An axial T2-weighted image shows the cystic nature of the mass and the thick appearance of its wall. A fluid-fluid level (arrowheads) is also observed within the mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000977,"Transthoracic echocardiography showing a jet of mitral regurgitation (large arrow) which immediately collides with the annuloplasty ring (arrowhead), redirecting the jet at a right angle into the central LA (small arrows). LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000978,Total body MRI at 6 months follow-up showing no recurrence of disease.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000979,"MRI STIR image of bilateral proximal lower extremities which demonstrates an abnormal signal in bilateral metaphyses of distal femurs and shaft of the left proximal femur, and mild subcutaneous edema of the right medial thigh.MRI = magnetic resonance imaging; STIR = short tau inversion recovery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000980,The blue arrow shows the right depressed frontal bone fracture with pneumocranium on the non-contrast computed tomography of the brain (bone window).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000981,Enlarged right ventricle on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. The yellow arrow points to the region of focal hypokinesis and mild aneurysm of the right ventricular basal to mid free wall.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000982,"Pulse doppler waveform measuring peak aortic velocity and velocity time integral (VTi). The upper half of the image displays an apical 5 chamber view with pulse doppler gate at the aortic outflow tract. The lower half of the image displays doppler waveform (m/sec). The waveform is traced to estimate VTi and measure peak aortic velocity. RV, right ventricle; LV, left ventricle; RA, right atrium; LA, left atrium; VTi, velocity time integral."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000983,A right upper quadrant view performed in a FAST exam with free fluid present between the liver and the kidney. The free fluid appears black (anechoic) on ultrasound.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000984,Ocular ultrasound demonstrating optic nerve sheath diameter measurement (ONSD). The sheath appears as a less bright (hypoechoic) structure compared to the surrounding tissue.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000985,"T1 fat-saturated post-contrast MRI image revealed multiple enhanced vertebral bodies at the upper thoracic region, with multiple enhanced destructive osteolytic vertebral body lesions at the lumbar vertebrae."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000986,Ultrasound imaging of the measurements.C3 and C4: metatarsal heads 3 and 4 (M3 and M4); DTML: deep transverse metatarsal ligament; h: height: distance between the DTML and the plantar skin in the middle area between M3 and M4; b: base: distance between M3 and M4; MN: Morton’s neuroma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000987,"Chest CT scan. Large heterogenous mass in the right hemithorax, displacing the heart, great vessels and trachea, and esophagus to the left of midline. The origin may be hilar. No definite calcifications. Unrelated to vessels, and with associated left pleural effusion."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000988,Intrauterine fetus without surrounding amniotic fluid (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000989,Example images in the coronal plane taken with HR CBCT demonstrate the capabilities and limitations of off-focus images for imaging the fine ossicle structures of the incus and the stapes
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000990,Coronary angiography of the patient demonstrates that the right coronary artery is cut off in the mid‐part (arrowhead)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000991,"Left ventricular angiography; the LAO cranial view (20 ͦ * 20 ͦ) shows the opacification of LV (red arrow), followed by the opacification of IVS aneurysm (blue arrow) and subsequently the RV (green arrow). LV, left ventricle; IVS, interventricular septum; RV, right ventricle"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000992,"Axial cardiac CT image of a 77-year-old female patient. The myocardium (purple color) is segmented by excluding the LV blood pool and trabeculae to improve reproducibility for delineating the endocardial border. CT, computed tomography; LV, left ventricular."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000993,A sagittal section of brain CT scan showing a dense appearing superior sagittal sinus suspicious for thrombosis (arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000994,CT scan showing ileo-ileal invagination producing a sandwich image (red arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000995,"Coronal MRI STIR image that shows a chronic hematoma adjacent to the iliotibial tract, Morel-Lavallee lesion"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000996,The critical shoulder angle (CSA) measured on true anteroposterior radiographs
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000997,"Axial CT angiography image of a 65-year-old male patient. Two regions of interest (ROIs) were placed in the perivascular fat for measured perivascular fat density. In this case, the 2 left ROIs were −60 and −68 and the 2 right ROIs were −62 and −73."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000998,CT of the abdomen showing pancreatitis. White arrow denotes focus of decreased enhancement in the very distal pancreatic tail that may represent a phlegmon or infarct. CT: computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_000999,New freak-jejunal extension placed in a good position and securely attached to the gastrostomy
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001000,"Bone age film for case 1, female child. The carpal bones were noted to be closest to five years while the phalangeal bones were found to be between four years and 2 months and five years using the Greulich and Pyle method, at chronological age two years and 11 months."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001001,T1-weighted sagittal MRI of the patient. Note the deformation of the skull due to the bilateral coronal synostosis and mega cisterna magna (arrow)MRI: magnetic resonance imaging
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001002,"Representative sessile bump along the posterior occiput. The arrows denote the sessile bump along the posterior occiput, without a well-defined terminus. This study was considered devoid of an external occipital protuberance."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001003,"Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the neck on first admission, revealing bilateral enlarged lymph nodes with central necrosis due to tuberculous lymphadenitis (arrowheads)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001004,Extramural venous invasion detected with magnetic resonance imaging. Tumor signal intensity spread beyond the rectal wall. And irregular vessel contour or nodular expansion of vessel with definite tumor signal is demonstrated. MRI-EMVI score 4 (white arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001005,"Computed tomography abdomen and pelvis with intravenous contrast with the arrow pointing to numerous fluid-filled, small bowel loops."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001006,Coronal CT BC embedded in the distal jejunum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001007,Initial CT imaging for patient RF.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001008,"Adaptations to level III borders indicated on patient CT scan taken in PCP. The figure shows the first cranial slice where the axillary/subclavian artery first crosses both the lateral border of the first rib and the clavicle. In the most cranial slices of level III, the minor pectoral muscle can still be located (very laterally) close to its insertion on the coracoid process of the scapula. To spare the (up to 30 mm) margin indicated by the double arrow, the lateral border is taken at the lateral edge of the axillary artery until the artery crosses the medial edge of the minor pectoral muscle. Also note that the CTV excludes the subclavius muscle. Turquoise (SA) = serratus anterior muscle, red (A) = common carotid artery, or axillary/subclavian artery, yellow (3) = level III, blue (V) = subclavian vein, brown (*) = subclavius muscle, orange (MiP) = minor pectoral muscle, dark green (B/C) = biceps/coracobrachial muscle bundle, pink (MaP) = major pectoral muscle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001009,Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging of the patient was conducted on hospital day 4. Focal nodular late gadolinium enhancements in the mid-base septum (left arrow) and apex lateral wall (right arrow) are shown.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001010,ONYX 34 residuals in the distal popliteal artery and in the tibioperoneal trunk obstructing blood-flow in the right lower limb.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001011,Chest computed tomography scan just before the operation revealing that the mass had regressed in size in the past month
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001012,"A 39‐year‐old man with abdominal pain. Axial multiple detector spiral computed tomography (MDCT) venous phase shows a triangular configuration of complete annular pancreas. P, pancreas; D, duodenum"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001013,"A 24‐year‐old woman with intermittent episodes of abdominal pain and vomiting. Axial fat suppressed contrast‐enhanced T1‐volumetric interpolated breath‐hold examination (VIBE) arterial phase which shows the duodenum (curved arrow) is partially encircled by the head of pancreas (arrow), a crocodile jaw appearance"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001014,A 44‐year‐old man with hepatic carcinoma. Axial multiple detector spiral computed tomography (MDCT) arterial phase shows pancreatic tissue (arrow) surrounding the posterior wall of the duodena bulb (curved arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001015,Soft-tissue attenuation abutting the lateral wall of ascending colon (white arrow) suggesting appendagitis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001016," Imaging of Case 1: temporal bone CT (left)Healthy side.CT, computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001017,"Imaging of Case 2: temporal bone CT (right)Healthy side.CT, computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001018,"Imaging of Case 2: temporal MRI (T2-weighted image)MRI, magnetic resonance imaging."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001019,Bilateral patchy ground-glass opacity areas that were not distinguishable from the residual lesion of COVID-19 were observed on chest computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001020," Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging on day four. Pelvic T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging revealed high signal intensity in the dome of the bladder, indicating rupture of the bladder wall (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001021,Computed tomography on day seven. Contrast computed tomography revealed pelvic abscess around bladder (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001022,X-ray of the patient’s hands.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001023,Computed tomography scan showing markedly thickened pericardium and mild bilateral pleural effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001024,Cervical contrast CT at initial examination (axial)Swelling of the retropharynx is noted.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001025,Cervical spine MRI at initial examination (axial)MRI also shows swelling of the retropharynx.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001026,"Cervical spine MRI at initial examination (sagittal)No obvious cervical fracture is seen. The arrow indicates a high-density area, which extends over the anterior cervical spine and is thought to be a hematoma."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001027,"Power Doppler transvaginal ultrasound image of a solid inhomogeneous mass (solid component > 80%) with multiple anechoic cysts, irregular external contour and with a remarkable vascularization at Power Doppler (Color Score 4)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001028,CT scan of the chest showing multiple ground-glass opacities scattered throughout the lung fields consistent with resolving COVID-19 pneumonia. The arrow points to an area of ground-glass opacity. CT: computed tomography; COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001029,Chest x-ray showing bilateral infiltrates with right-side predominance
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001030,"CTKUB showing perinephric stranding in the right kidney likely inflammatory or infectious in origin. CTKUB - Computerized tomography scan of kidneys, ureters, and bladder"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001031,Fluoroscopic image demonstrating several areas of narrowing and dilatation representing non-anastomotic strictures. There is also bile duct filling defect seen in the distal common bile duct likely representing a gallstone in the recipient duct.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001032,"Female patient, 60 years old, 5-year case history of a thyroid nodule, pathology confirmed as adenomatous goiter with HT. TPO-Ab = 28.3 kU/L, TG-Ab>500 kU/L, UGSR = 78.73/105.3 = 0.7477 (medical center A)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001033,"Female patient, 45 years old, 1-week case history of a thyroid nodule, pathology confirmed as a hyperplastic nodule with HT. TG-Ab = 115 kU/L, TPO-Ab< 28 kU/L, UGSR = 22.96/73.95 = 0.3105 (medical center B)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001034,Cardiac catheterization showing nondominant small caliber nonobstructive right coronary artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001035,Cardiac catheterization showing 2 drug-eluting stents: one in proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD) and the other in the distal LAD showing resolution of stenosis and spasm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001036,"Magnetic resonance (MRI, T2)—sagittal section. Hypersignal tumor 73 mm × 44 mm × 49 mm with apparent neovascularization in the lower uterine body and uterine cervix. The MRI image is suspicious for a sarcomatoid tumor. Intrauterine device in situ. Pelvic lymphadenopathy present."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001037,CTA chest coronal view demonstrating acute aortic dissection in setting of chronic aortic dilation (blue arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001038,Sagittal reformatted enhanced CT scan of the pelvis showing a heterogeneously enhancing mass occupying the scrotum region.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001039,- Computerized tomography with contrast. Pleural fluid (white arrow) and thickened pleura (black arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001040,Panoramic radiograph after ramus graft showing no signs of relapse.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001041,CT scan in the sagittal plane showing a moderately enhancing mediastinal mass displacing the esophagus in its middle third (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001042,"Digital subtraction angiography from the right common carotid artery, demonstrating the CCVAB and decreased filling of the basilar artery after a successful delivery of the pipeline flow diverting stent."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001043,Anterior-posterior semi-erect chest X-ray showing multifocal pulmonary opacities (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001044,Axial CT scan showing voluminous hematoma infiltrating the gluteal muscles.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001045,Parasagittal view at T7 transverse process. TZ: trapezius; RM: rhomboid major; ES: erector spinae; TP: the tip of t7 transverse process.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001046,Computed tomography of the chest demonstrating primary lung lesion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001047,CT of the chest showing nodular multifocal consolidation bilaterally.CT: computerized tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001048,Follow-up CT showing persistent loculations in the right pleural space.CT: computerized tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001049,COVID-19 pneumonia: section CT shows bilateral multifocal subpleural and GGO
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001050,Recent CT scan of the chest showing response to alectinib.CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001051,Chest x-ray showing left lung base opacity likely representing a combination of effusion and atelectasis (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001052, Enhancemed computed tomography revealed a low density mass shadow (orange arrow) with a distinct boundary in the anterior and superior segment of the right lobe of liver.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001053,Ultrasound image of brachial plexus cords at the infraclavicular level and needle trajectory for the in-plane block technique.MC: medial cord; LC: lateral cord; PC: posterior cord
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001054,Perforation of the non-coronary cusp with severe aortic valve regurgitation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001055,"Contrast enhanced axial CT abdomen of a 80-year-old female demonstrates a large, expansile, soft-tissue density mass (asterisk) posterior to the portal vein (dashed white arrows). Review of other images show the mass to be separate from the liver but distinction between this mass and the IVC was not possible. The mass was diagnosed to be leiomyosarcoma arising from the IVC following surgery. It shall be remembered that the origin or epicentre of a mass may not be confidently determined on a single image and necessitates review of series of images in different orthogonal planes. Right and left crus of diaphragm are indicated by solid white arrows"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001056,"Contrast enhanced axial CT abdomen of a 64-year-old female with hepatic abscess (circled) shows an ill-defined, mix density lesion with heterogenous enhancement in the right lobe of the liver. It is to be noted that distinction between an abscess and a necrotic tumor solely on imaging features can be difficult and correlation with clinical features and other laboratory parameters is important. Note the Fluid filled distended stomach (H)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001057,"Contrast enhanced axial CT abdomen of a 70-year-old male who presented with clinical features suggestive of acute diverticulitis shows a well-defined, homogenous, low density lesion (asterisk) with mild enhancement in the right upper abdomen. The lesion is located posterior to the IVC (solid white arrow) and superior to the right kidney (double white arrow) suggesting it is originating from the right adrenal gland. As the density of lesion was measured to be 6HU, it most likely represents an adrenal adenoma. Adrenal adenoma is often found incidentally during abdominal imaging and has low density due to presence of intracytoplasmic lipid. On a non-contrast CT an adrenal lesion with attenuation of 10HU necessitating further workup (e.g., contrast enhanced CT or magnetic resonance imaging) for catherization of the lesion"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001058,Angiogram showing greater than 50% stenosis of the vertebral artery (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001059,Preoperative US of thyroid nodule.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001060,Axial cross section of a soft-tissue window CT image of the TGDC.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001061,Chest CT at diagnosis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001062,T1 flair sagittal section showing L3-L4 facet joint septic arthritis with epidural abscess (arrow) and posterior para-vertebral cellulitis/myositis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001063,Example of transesophageal echocardiography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001064,The measurement of medial femoral condyle sphere diameter on a T1 sagittal magnetic resonance images
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001065,The measurement of medial tibial plateau length on a T2 axial view magnetic resonance image
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001066,"Ultrasonographic long-axis image of the left kidney of a 8.8-year-old, 41.9 kg, neutered male, mixed breed dog diagnosed with ICL treated with sclerotherapy (histopathology not available). A large anechoic cystic structure is identified within the caudal pole of the left kidney effacing the middle third of the renal parenchyma, has rounded turgid walls and lacks septations. Cranial is to the right of the image. Image courtesy of Dr. Grimes"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001067,Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain demonstrating bony metastatic deposit to the superior occipital bone measuring up to 3.2 x 1.6 x 2.1 cm with involvement of the dura. No vasogenic edema within the underlying brain parenchyma in the region of the bony metastatic deposit.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001068,Computed Tomography (CT) of the chest demonstrating a 2.2 cm x 2.8 cm left perihilar stellate-shaped mass lesions with a probable invasion of adjacent lingular bronchus and possibly left main pulmonary artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001069,Diffuse hyperintense areas of the subcortical white matter—Flair sequence (MRI imaging).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001070,GD-EOB DTPA MRI findings of the case with chronic rejection. No bile secretion was identified in the biliary tract.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001071,Coronal reformat showing the PUJ obstruction due to lower pole crossing vessels. Retroaortic Left renal vein (1) and Inferior pole Left renal artery (2).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001072,"Measurement of skeletal muscle mass in patients with unresectable gastric cancer. Axial computed tomography slice of the third lumbar vertebra. Green areas indicate skeletal muscle mass. Abbreviations: SMM, skeletal muscle mass; UGC, unresectable gastric cancer"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001073,CT imaging abdomen and pelvis with contrast revealed a multiloculated large cystic mass in the left inguinal canal measuring 11 × 7 × 7.7 cm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001074,Chest x-ray no findings suggestive of COVID-19 pneumonia
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001075,Chest cuts of abdominal CT scan revealed no findings suggestive for covid-19 pneumonia
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001076,Absent right kidney with compensatory hypertrophy noted in the left kidney.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001077,"T2 weighted image of the large ill-defined mass in situ as outlined by the yellow arrows, with the bladder displaced anteriorly noted by the red arrow. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001078,Chest x-ray demonstrating right lung opacity. Arrow indicates the infiltrate
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001079,Anteroposterior pelvic plain radiograph showing the neck fracture of the cemented Exeter stem.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001080,Well-spaced B-lines (B1)—score 1.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001081,Consolidation—score 3.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001082, Chest radiography shows marked on elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with atelectasis sub-phrenic lucency (red arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001083,“Chilaiditi sign” demonstrated abdominal CT scan.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001084,Spiral chest CT depicted a consolidation in posterior aspect of left lung
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001085,"Aortic root injection during fluorosocpy. Confirmed CT angiography results and depicted that proximal anastomotic site emanated from ostioproximal of left subclavian artery. arrowhead: tube graft, arrow: interruption site, dashed arrow: pseudoaneurysm of distal anastomotic site"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001086,Final aortic root injection revealed effective exclusion of tube graft without endoleak
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001087,Contrasted pulmonary computer tomographic scan taken in the emergency room
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001088,High-resolution computed tomography after 24 hours in the internal medicine ward
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001089,Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showing a normal left third cranial nerve.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001090,Axial T2 FS image shoes mild focal swelling in the right LFCN underneath the inguinal ligament adjacent to the anterior superior iliac spine.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001091, Splenic cord-like structure on magnetic resonance imaging (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001092,Abdominal MRI showing a serous cyst located in the isthmus of the pancreas
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001093,CT scan of the brain (coronal view).Shows a notable atrophy of the right cerebral hemisphere with enlargement of the ipsilateral lateral ventricle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001094, Large pneumoperitoneum with subcutaneous emphysema.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001095,Changes found in the knee joint on T1-weighted sequence in a 43-year-old woman: geographical demarcation of bone infarction in the femur and tibia (orange arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001096,"Hyperintense geographic edema in the lower lumbar on T2-weighted sagittal MR images, representing beginning bone necrosis. Delineation of the necrosis towards the vertebral body (orange arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001097,"Three months after the injury, successful bone healing without any symptoms was achieved."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001098,CT image taken 14 weeks after the introduction of lenvatinib showing pneumatosis intestinalis of the ascending colon. The arrows are pointing to emphysema in the intestinal wall of the ascending colon
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001099,Repeat CTAP s/p JT removal revealed persistent J–J intussusception (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001100,"Patient's chest radiograph demonstrating a mediastinal widening, suggestive of mediastinal mass"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001101,Thorax computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a mediastinal mass accompanied by pleural and pericardial effusion (arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001102,Non-contrasted CT scan showing left-sided 12.7 mm x 9.8 mm renal calculus (blue arrow) and dilated uretero-pelvic junction segment (red circle).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001103,sagittal view of the computed tomography scan
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001104,"Abdominal ultrasonography for evaluation of the lesion in the left lobe liver.A transverse sonogram demonstrates a well-circumscribed oval-shaped heterogeneously hypoechoic mass with cystic spaces (red arrow), small hyperechoic structures (yellow arrow) representing tiny spots of calcification, and increased peripheral vascularity in the left lobe liver (blue arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001105,CT scan image of pancreatic cancer tissue.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001106,"Exemplary radiograph of the implant group HD-SLA (Institut Straumann, Basel, Switzerland)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001107,"Exemplary radiograph of the implant group BL-TiUnite with surface on collar (Nobel Biocare AB, Zurich, Switzerland)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001108,"Postoperative skull radiography. Postoperative skull radiography showed a screw protruding into the right nasal cavity, which was not observed on preoperative radiography. Tip of yellow arrow represent the micro-implant screw."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001109,Case 1: Computed tomography abdomen and pelvis showing expansion of the pancreatic tail (arrowhead) and peripancreatic ‘halo’ (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001110,CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis revealing enlarged liver with innumerable low-density lesions occupying half of the liver parenchyma (white arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001111,"Sagittal imaging of the fetal neck. Power Doppler imaging depicting a quadruple nuchal cord depicted in Figure 2. Note that each of the larger umbilical veins is accompanied by two (smaller caliber) umbilical arteries, respectively."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001112,Sagittal image of the fetal neck. Fetal cranium is to the right of the image. Power Doppler depicting a triple nuchal cord.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001113,Power Doppler imaging of complex umbilical cord entanglement in monochorionic monoamniotic twins at 27 weeks’ gestation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001114,A cerebral infarction in the left basal ganglia one month later after cesarean section and aortic repair
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001115,Right retroareolar hypoechoic lesion during tru-cut biopsy (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001116,CT of the abdomen and pelvis showing focally perforated diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon (red arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001117,CT scan of abdomen showing a distended gastric pouch (yellow asterisk) secondary to gastric outlet obstruction.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001118,Endosonographic visualization of contrast filled jejunal limb for creation of gastrojejunostomy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001119,Multiple patches of high signal intensities involving bilateral periventricular white matter on T2-weighted and FLAIR image (Red stars.)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001120,"The hypointensity on the Axi MPGR (MPGR = multiplanar gradient-recalled) series on brain MRI indicates multiple small old ICH in multiple areas, leading to a strong suspicion of hypertensive microangiopathy ICH. (Red arrows)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001121,"T2-weighted image showing a longitudinally extensive signal intensity alteration involving the spinal cord from T3 down to T11, with the segment of more pronounced alteration at T8-T9 (arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001122,"Initial ImagingAnteroposterior radiograph of the right hip demonstrating OTA/AO type 31A1.2 intertrochanteric fracture. The abdominal panniculus fold, extending 10cm distal to the tip of the greater trochanter and outlined in red, is overlying the anterior and lateral aspect of the right hip joint.OTA/AO: Orthopaedic Trauma Association/Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001123,"Fetal abdomen vasculature, with MV-Flow with Lumi Flow (used with permission of Samsung Healthcare).MV-Flow, for microvascular, is an advanced Doppler technology that provides detailed documentation of microvascular perfusion into tissues and organs and LumiFlow displays a ""3D-like"" appearance to 2D color Doppler, enhancing spatial comprehension of blood vessels and aiding in the understanding of vessel boundaries as can be seen in this detailed view of fetal abdominal vasculature."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001124,Repeat chest tomography revealed no aneurysm or effusions.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001125,Preoperative CT scan (frontal).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001126,"Preoperative CT scan (sagittal, lung and air view-window)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001127,"Chest x-ray of the patient. The image shows a chest x-ray of the patient taken upon admission to the ICU. The arrows illustrate patchy infiltrates of the left lower lung fields. A diagnosis of a lower respiratory tract infection was made, secondary to bacterial pneumonia."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001128,CT abdomen and pelvis The yellow arrow shows a lesion measuring 13.4 cm x 11.2 cm in the lower abdomen
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001129,"T2-weighted sagittal cervical magnetic resonance image demonstrating an epidural hemorrhage with gas bubbles from C2 to the upper thoracic level, resulting in central spinal canal stenosis and cord compression at the C3-T1 level (orange arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001130, T2-weighted magnetic resonance image demonstrating a repaired pseudomeningocele and an abdominal vascularized fat graft transplantation (orange arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001131,Multi-detector computed tomography axial image demonstrating a perihepatic collection (*) with air bubbles at the level of hepaticojejunostomy (arrowhead).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001132,Percutaneous trans-hepatic cholangiography from internal-external biliary drainage (arrowhead) at one month with regular flow of bile from the liver to the bowel (#). Note the absence of contrast medium collection and creation of a neo-hepaticojejunostomy that appears stenotic (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001133,Chest computed tomography scan. Multiple bronchiectasis were randomly distributed in the bilateral lobe.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001134,"Prepubertal gilt (V1/Delta). The urine bladder (UB) appears as an anechoic structure in the center of the image, just below the small uterus (U), well delimited by the intestinal loops"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001135,"Pubertal gilt (follicular phase, V1/ Delta). The ovary (O) with preovulatory follicles can be seen in the center of the image. Above the ovary, the section of a uterine horn (UH) can be seen (diameter: 2 cm). Under the ovary, the image shows the intestinal loops"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001136,"Prepubertal gilt (V2/W3). Urine bladder (UB), intestinal loop (IL) and uterus (U).UB (completely anechoic structure) shows a great volume of urine. The gas hyperechogenicity allows distinguishing IL (white line). U appears as a homogeneous and echogenic structure situated between UB and IL. The U height (in blue) is smaller than two-thirds of the total height of the image (in pink); this means that U is not yet fully developed because uterine inactivity, characteristic of a prepubertal gilt"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001137,Contrasted axial chest CT image showing an extensive hetero-complex mass in the right hemi-thorax with pericardial invasion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001138,MRCP shows an abrupt cut-off of distal CBD (red arrow) due to the periampullary growth in a patient with PDMRCP: magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography; CBD: common bile duct; PD: pancreatic divisum
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001139,Computed tomography shows dorsal agenesis in a patient with acute mild pancreatitis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001140,Computed tomography of the abdomen showing situs inversus with necrotic collection (red arrow) in the pancreas
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001141,Illustration of the “Two posterior ribs” definition.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001142,"Antero-posterior radiograph demonstrating SI screw fixation of the posterior pelvic ring in a 67-year-old patient who sustained a AO/OTA 61-C1.3, FFP IIc fracture. A bilateral implant bone anchorage was achieved by cement augmentation around the tip of the SI screw and by a screw washer at the ilium. The anterior pelvic ring was addressed with a supra-acetabular external fixator."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001143,HRCT-repeat: axial view. Almost complete resolution of peripheral areas of radiologically presumed organising pneumonia.HRCT: high-resolution computed tomogram
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001144,"Apical two-chamber view of the LV and VVI. The vector dimensions and orientations represent the movement rate in the left ventricular segments in the systolic phase of the cardiac cycle. LV, left ventricle; VVI, velocity vector imaging."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001145,Chest X-ray showing dense consolidation of the right upper lobe
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001146,"Brain MRI scan. Demonstration of increased intracranial pressure on T1-weighted brain MRI scan, showing optic nerve sheath distension (arrow) and flattening of the posterior globes (arrowhead)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001147,CT pulmonary angiography.Red arrow: evidence of a clot in the left upper subsegmental pulmonary artery branch.CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001148,"Preoperative MRI.Preoperative MRI indicating mild cord atrophy from C2 to C4, moderate stenosis at C2-C3 and C5-C7, and severe stenosis at C3-C5 (indicated by the arrow). In addition, disc herniation was noted at C4-C5 and C6-C7."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001149,Postoperative MRI.Postoperative MRI of the cervical spine revealed decompressive laminectomy with substantial C2-C5 cord edema (indicated by the arrow) without pathological diffusion restriction to suggest irreversible ischemia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001150,Ultrasound scan showing 76×40×30 mL fluid collection at 5 months post surgery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001151,Postoperative radiograph after second stage revision August 2016.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001152,US showed ovoid-shaped mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001153,"Measurements of the radial artery (A: width, B: height, C: depth)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001154,Exchange of the CVC and a vascular access line in the right internal jugular vein performed using a guide wire without any problem
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001155,"Computed tomography of the lesion in an axial cut, evidencing the mushroom-like shape attached to the alveolar process of the mandible and the radiographic characteristics of a normal bone, with central areal similar to medullary bone, surrounded by thin cortical bone"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001156,"Postoperative panoramic radiograph of the patient, revealing both sizes of the mandible with symmetric shape, proportion, and density"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001157,"Sagittal MRI of brain, T1 weighted image, showing evidence of empty Sella Turcica (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001158,Initial periapical radiograph
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001159,"Post-gadolinium-based contrast-enhanced T1-weighted axial image shows a ring enhancing lesion, in this case a glioblastoma. The peripheral enhancement is caused by accumulation of the contrast agent due to disruption of the BBB"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001160,"Radiographs of the left hand ring finger – PA view of the Left Index, Middle and Ring Fingers no obvious osseous pathology, left ring finger – increase density over the distal ulnar aspect of the left ring finger."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001161,Coronal malposition measurement. A patient with AYE angle of 8 degrees
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001162,Computed Tomography of the abdomen and pelvis - coronal view. Black arrow pointing to moderate right hydroureteronephrosis. Red arrow pointing to calcium containing lesion measuring 1.9 x 2.1 cm
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001163, Ultrasound image of an endogenous caesarean scar pregnancy (Type 1).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001164,"Transthoracic echocardiogram. Apical 4 chamber view demonstrating increased septal wall thickness (red arrow), and lateral left ventricle wall (green arrow), with apical sparing (yellow arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001165,Postoperative measurement of mechanical axis on a long-leg weight-bearing radiograph
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001166,"CT head and neck on admission—pharynx: A 1.3 cm × 1.3 cm × 2.8 cm (AP × transverse × CC) fluid collection with foci of air at prevertebral retropharyngeal space (yellow) with adjacent periosteal reaction and bony destruction of the clivus (red). Unremarkable oropharynx and hypopharynx.Abbreviations: AP, anteroposterior; CC, craniocaudal; CT, computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001167,"Chest CT, cystic lesion appearance medial to the right hemidiaphragm, posteriorly and at the apex, in which the intestinal wall appears as septa."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001168,"Representative case of a ductus diverticulum in a 60-year-old male, as demonstrated on a sagittal CT image at the level of aortic arch. Although a ductus diverticulum (arrow) may simulate the CT features of conically shaped PDA at the aortic end, it lacks a connection with the left main pulmonary artery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001169,"Graphical representation of selected indicators: X01 (red |C13C43|; blue |C15C45|), X02 (red |C13C43|; green |C16C46|), X03 (red |C13C43|; orange |C17C47|)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001170,"Repeat echocardiography three days later shows absence of thrombus, indicating likely embolization."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001171,CT of the abdomen showing splenomegaly up to 19.5 cm with hypodensities at the periphery consistent with splenic infarcts.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001172,MRI scan lumbar spine. Showing L2 compression fracture with significant height reduction
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001173,Fluoroscopy of the bi-leaflet mechanical aortic valve revealing restricted mobility of one leaflet.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001174,Excised gross specimen showing a globular mass with skeletal muscle attached. The single arrow in Coronal T2 fat suppressed (T2FS) image pointing towards well circumscribed hyperintense lesion along the superficial surface of infraspinatus tendon protruding into the subacromial subdeltoid bursa.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001175,Mammogram of the left breast 25 months after im. HDR-BRT. Mediolateral oblique view showing calcified fat necrosis seen in the left upper outer quadrant (white arrow) and micro- and macrocalcifications (black arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001176,Chest X-ray demonstrating pulmonary edema and bilateral pleural effusions.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001177,Axial view CT image of the top of intussusception (blue arrow pointing to fat between intussusceptum and intussuscipiens). CT: computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001178,Axial CT image of mediastinal mass highlighted with the green arrow. CT: computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001179,"ICE views of the atrial septum. ICE, intracardiac echocardiography; LA, left atrium; LAA, left atrial appendage; RA, right atrium [Colour figure can be viewed at ]"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001180,CT lung. CT lung showing right-sided pneumonia and right-sided pleural effusion. CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001181,Chest X-ray showing collapsed lung and pneumothorax (white arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001182,"Axial T2W brain MRI shows uneven scalp thickening over the left posterolateral aspect of the posterior fossa, associated with bone destruction of the medial aspect of the left occiput with intracranial extra‐axial extension representing a malignant process including sarcoma"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001183,"Sagittal T2W brain MRI shows heterogeneous mass legions at IIa, IIb, and III levels on the right side, suggesting metastatic LAP"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001184,"The Panoramic radiograph shows a single, roughly oval, large, well-defined radiopaque mass in the right body of the mandible."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001185,"Transoesophageal echocardiogram showing in transgastric view, short axis, severe myocardial oedema following temporary biventricular assist device implantation."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001186,"Right lateral radiograph of the hips containing the caudal lumbar spine revealing a narrowed L5–L6 intervertebral disc space, and a mineralised disc which is protruding dorsally into the vertebral canal"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001187,Skeletal muscle area segmentation at the level of C3 using the WorldMatch software program
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001188,"Thrombus in the outflow vein.Legend: A thrombus (arrows) in a dilated outflow vein. Acute thrombi are hypo-echoic (darker), as is the left part of this thrombus. The resulting stenosis is not significant (residual diameter 4 mm), albeit the thrombus could further progress. This one was dissolved by systemic anticoagulation therapy."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001189,Axial post contrast fat-saturated sequence identified bilateral implants and an 11 mm oval foci of type 1 enhancement in the site of clinical concern on the capsule (black arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001190,"Ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion block. The red arrow: the puncture path; the white arrows: the stellate ganglion; S = Sternocleidomastoid muscle, JU = jugular vein, CA = common carotid artery, TH = thyroid, CL = longus cervicis muscle, VA = vertebral artery, VV = Vertebral vein, C7 = The seventh cervical vertebra."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001191,"Evaluation of the anterior compartment of the thigh could be considered a good anatomical area to take US-derived measurements; in this case, the rectus femoris and the vastus intermedius are shown. Muscular thickness (MT) is measured as a distance between the superficial aponeurosis and femur including the rectus femoris and vastus intermedius muscles. Cross-sectional area of the rectus femoris muscle can be measured from transversal US images drawing a region of interest (ROI) using either a freehand or a polygon tool. ROI should include most of the rectus femoris, excluding the muscle fascia"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001192,Cholangiography after biliary stent removal.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001193,"Measurement of cage migration and subsidence1: anterior DSH, 2: posterior DSH, 3: CD. Modified Gercek et al."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001194,CT angiogram showing right and left-sided popliteal artery occlusion (lateral view).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001195,"Illustration of the medial osteotomy height at 3 cm (red line) with the selected hinging points at 5 mm (red cross marked with an A), 10 mm (yellow cross marked with a B), and 15 mm (cyan cross marked with a C). The green line represents the osteotomy."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001196,Standard-dose CT-guided CNB for lung nodule.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001197,"Imaging results in patient 1 after surgery. Cone-beam computed tomography. Eight years after surgery, there is no recurrence."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001198,CT-guided needle biopsy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001199,A small amount of bleeding under the capsule after ultrasound-guided needle biopsy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001200,CT scan of the chest without contrast showing narrowing of the superior vena cava at the level of the aortic arch (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001201,Venogram showing a thrombus in the proximal left innominate vein (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001202,"MRI (SAG T2 sequence) showing peripherally enhancing abscess spanning the approximate upper/mid-L3 vertebral body level to the superior L4 vertebral body level, located within the left posterior epidural space of the spinal canal. SAG: Sagittal."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001203,Intravascular ultrasound showing critical luminal narrowing
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001204,Intravascular ultrasound demonstrating the right common iliac artery (red arrow) abutting the left common iliac vein (blue arrow) typical of the May-Thurner syndrome
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001205,Pseudoaneurysm of the proximal part of the left subclavian artery (red arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001206,Angiography immediately after the intervention shows disappearance of extravasation and patency of the subclavian artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001207,Echocardiographic perirenal fat thickness. The perirenal fat located between the surface of the kidney and the yellow curve. The perirenal fat thickness is marked by the red line.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001208, Chest radiography showed multiple patchy infiltrations at both lungs.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001209, Chest radiography showed large cavitary consolidation with internal air-fluid level in right upper and middle lobes.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001210,Computed tomography of the chest showing a right middle lobar segmental branch occlusion consistent with thrombosis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001211,Anteroposterior radiograph of the patient’s pelvis taken prior to Girdlestone arthroplasty.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001212,Narrowest axial portion of the upper airway of a patient without hypertension.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001213,Post-intubation chest anterior-posterior radiograph demonstrating pneumonia and gigantic bulla (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001214,T2-weighted computed tomography scan of the pancreas demonstrates a large amount of peripancreatic (marked with yellow arrow) and left upper quadrant fluid that can be correlated clinically with acute pancreatitis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001215,Anteroposterior chest X-ray performed at admission showing bilateral infiltrations suggesting diffuse alveolar hemorrhage
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001216,"The catheter crossed over the clavicle to enter the BCV, the catheter tip was placed at the junction between the superior vena cava and the right atrium."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001217,Orthopaedic Trauma Association 31 A3.3 fracture of the right proximal femur
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001218,White arrow marks intraarticular bone fragment in lateral postoperative x-rays.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001219,Anteroposterior X-ray of TKA and tibial tuberosity fixation. TKA: total knee arthroplasty
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001220,Lateral X-ray of TKA and tibial tuberosity fixation. TKA: total knee arthroplasty
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001221,Computed tomography scan showing occlusion of the right stent.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001222,Preoperative venography image showing the posterior tibial vein aneurysm (white arrow) and collateral venous circulation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001223,Brain computed tomography taken 14 days after trephination reveals acute subdural hematoma on Rt. F-T area with more midline shifting.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001224,"Angiographic CT in the transverse plane, revealing an enlarged inferior vena cava (IVC) approximately 8 cm in diameter"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001225,"Measurements of zygoma conformity according to presurgical planning. The infraorbital foramen (yellow asterisk) and base of zygomatic arch (red asterisk) were identified on CT. The five points (Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, and Z5) (violet points) on the zygomatic surface were defined and evenly distributed based on its angle of degree. The O point (yellow point) is defined as the intersection of the vertical midline and the horizontal line that passed through the bilateral zygoma arch base. The Z1O line (yellow dotted line) that intersected at the surface of the zygoma object during presurgical planning is defined as P1 (green point). The other points P2 to P5 (green points) are defined in the same manner. The preoperative and postoperative distances to virtual planning images between Z1 and P1, Z2 and P2, Z3 and P3, Z4 and P4, and Z5 and P5 were measured."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001226,Coronal view of azygous vein aneurysm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001227,Active extravasation of the right inferior epigastric artery leading to a rectus sheath hematoma
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001228,Herniation of bowel into space created by previous rectus sheath hematoma (sagittal)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001229,"Abdominal MRIThe image shows a left-lateralized abdominal juxta-aortic formation, well-limited, with heterogeneous T2 hyperintensity, and measuring 36 x 33 mm (red arrow)MRI: magnetic resonance imaging"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001230,CT scan of head and neck. The image shows a 2-mm tear of the right mid esophagus with extensive pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous gas at the base of the neck. CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001231,Repeat chest X-ray showing the resolution of free air in the mediastinum and cervicothoracic junction
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001232,"Digital mammogram mediolateral oblique view with region of interest (denoted by bounding box) identified by the AI algorithm as suspicious for malignancy. Cancer was confirmed as invasive ductal carcinoma. AI, artificial intelligence."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001233,RV focused view during chemotherapy: newly dilated RV with reduced systolic function (TAPSE was 1.3 cm) and lateral wall akinesis. Chronic trace pericardial effusion is also present. LV: left ventricle; RA: right atrium; RV: right ventricle; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001234,TTE after cessation of carfilzomib: apical four-chamber view demonstrating recovered RV size and systolic function (TASPE was 2.3 cm). LA: left atrium; LV: left ventricle; RA: right atrium; RV: right ventricle; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001235,"CT image 18 months after surgery showing no signs of recurrence. CT, computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001236,Computed tomography scan illustrating the method of determining the HU value with use of an elliptical region of interest.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001237, MRI brain T1 weighted series showing cerebellar tonsils herniated below foramen magnum
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001238,"MRI brain FLAIR T2 weighted series showing diffuse sulcal edema in the temporal, parietal, occipital regions (red arrow), effacement of the right lateral ventricle (blue arrow), and bifrontal edema (green arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001239,Anterior-posterior radiograph of a Unit rod construct using Luque wiring used for the treatment of a patient with neuromuscular scoliosis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001240,Preoperative MRI (T2 sequence) showing the osteoarthritis of the proximal tibiofibular joint
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001241,Case 1: Coronary angiogram in right anterior oblique cranial view of the LCA. A thrombus is seen in the proximal part of the LAD (red circle).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001242,X-ray image of the pelvis depicting intrathecal pump delivering Ziconotide.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001243, Post-treatment cone-beam computed tomography scan. Note that the minimum transpalatal bone width measured at the cervical margin of the mesio-palatal cusps of the first molars has increased from 32 mm pre-treatment to approx. 34.2 mm post-treatment over 10 mo.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001244,"The “thyroid inferno” - an increased, intense colour flow Doppler signal (red and blue dots), representing hypervascularity, in the remnant right thyroid lobe."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001245,Chest computed tomography showing a large right-sided hydropneumothorax
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001246,Axial view of a computed tomography pulmonary angiography showing. A: pulmonary embolism in the segmental left branch of the left lobe pulmonary artery. B: pulmonary embolism in the pulmonary artery trunk.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001247,The extent of the avascular necrosis of the femoral head (AVNFH) to the weight-bearing region of the femoral head was evaluated according to Japanese Investigation Committee (JIC) classification. This shown AVNFH extends to lateral third of the weight-bearing area representing JIC type C1 lesion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001248,CT scan showing multiple kidney stones in a patient affected by spina bifida.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001249,AP/lateral radiography finding.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001250,X-ray finding.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001251,coronary angiography showing a significant lesion of the mid right coronary artery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001252,CT scan done at diagnosis showing encasement of superior mesenteric vessels indicated by arrow.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001253,"CT scan component of PET scan done after 2 months of erdafitinib treatment showing interval resolution of the previously seen neoplasm indicated by arrow in the pancreatic head. PET, positron emission tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001254,"PET scan done after 2 months of erdafitinib treatment demonstrated no FDG-avid metastatic disease identified in body. PET, positron emission tomography; FDG, fluorodeoxyglucose."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001255," Colon transit study in a healthy control. Subjects ingested the 24 markers for 6 d, and an X-ray was acquired on day 7. From the X-ray we counted the number of markers in each segment: 11 + 6 + 1 = 18; faecal load score: 2 + 1 + 1 = 4 (see text)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001256,"Doppler ultrasound assessment of the fetal tibial artery in IUGR fetus at 36 weeks and 3 days. The figure shows the fetal leg with the tibial artery examined by colour Doppler, normal PI (PI-3.1)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001257,"Frontal chest X-ray of the lung showing a thick wall cavitary lesion (red arrow) in the right upper zone associated with surrounding innumerable 1–2 mm nodular opacities. In addition, there is ill-defined airspace opacity with a subtle nodule in the right lower zone."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001258,"Sagittal T1-weighted magnetic resonance images of the brain showing low-intensity bone marrow signaling, consistent with bone marrow replacement or bone marrow proliferation disorder."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001259,Pre-operative MRI shows the mass in the upper third of the trapezius.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001260,Pelvic abscess surrounding gastric band tubing.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001261,Coronal CT image demonstrating the inflamed appendix containing hyperdensities.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001262,"Left knee; MRI axial view; gross full-thickness erosion of the articular cartilage of the patellar ridge, with subchondral bone distress of an area of the patellar body characterized by edema with a small dystrophic cystic area. The picture overlaps with femoro-patellar dysplasia of the shallow femoral trochlea"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001263,"Lateral radiograph of the cervical spine demonstrating a C6 corpectomy, expandable cage, and plate fixed from C5 to C7, four weeks postoperatively."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001264,- PChest computed tomography showing a soft tissue mass (5 x 3.5 x 2.4 cm) that is attached to from the left side of the pericardium/left hemidiaphragm on the left lower lobe of the lung.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001265,Chest x-ray showed cardiomegaly.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001266,Post-treatment MRI Post-treatment T2 axial MRI showing evidence of edema and enhancement in previously treated region
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001267,"Bladder sign showing the contrast-filled bladder pushed to the left, implying a massive right retroperitoneal hemorrhage (arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001268,Abdominal computed tomography (CT).Note the circumferential thickening of the colonic wall.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001269,Antero-posterior plain radiograph of the right forefoot showing exostosis arising from the distal phalanx of the right big toe.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001270,Radiograph of the right elbow of a 10-year-old boy in anteroposterior projection showing a multipartite lateral epicondyle consisting of two portions (arrow). The trochlear apophysis is typically multipartite and in this case consists of at least two parts (arrowhead)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001271,"Chest computed tomography angiography (coronal section). The red arrow shows the content of the hernia, suspected to be the greater omentum."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001272,Illustration of the dimension measured on the sagittal plane at 10mm intervals beginning from the occiput (marking added to an image from a screenshot).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001273,"MRI in a 30-year-old patient with interstitial pregnancy. Coronal T2-weighted image showing the gestational sac (star), medial free edge (arrow), and interrupted lateral junctional zone (arrowheads)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001274," Computed tomography scan of paraganglioma. Performed on September 1, 2016: 64-slice computed tomography plain scan + enhanced scan (arrow). A mass of approximately 84 mm × 61 mm (right and left × back and forth) was observed below the left renal artery and vein, the abdominal aorta, the left psoas major muscle and the front of the left kidney. The edge was smooth, with an uneven density. The plain scan computed tomography value was within 17–41 HU. The arrow indicates the location, shape and size of the mass."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001275,lateral chest radiograph of the second case
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001276,"Sagittal views of the cropped MR image, mislocalization and false classification. The predicted rupture point is marked by red circle, while the true rupture point is green. The deep learning pipeline outputs incorrect localization results due to the Euclidean distance between the true and predicted rupture point locations being greater than 10 mm, which exceeds the maximum error threshold we set. A mislocalization resulted in a false classification. The true part of the rupture is the middle side, but the prediction is femoral side."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001277,"MIP image from whole-body 18F-FDG-PET/CT demonstrates claw-shaped asymmetrical right sided, multi-segmental intense linear 18F-FDG uptake, in the distribution of C5 to T1 nerve roots of the brachial plexus (straight arrow) and nodal recurrence below the diaphragm (curved arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001278,Cervical spine MRI (axial view) well‐defined retropharyngeal/danger space collection measuring 3.8 × 1.4 × 3.1 cm
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001279,Bilateral intercostal space was narrowed with steel wires when intercostal muscle tear (shown by the arrow) in a 24-year-old patient with recurrent pectus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001280,"Panorama X-ray photograph revealing the shadow of the mass in the right maxillary premolar region, which includes some hard tissues (arrows)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001281,"Computed tomography abdomen postoperative day 15: Large subcapsular liver hematoma has increased in size, now measuring 18 cm in cranial-caudal dimension. However, no CT features of active bleed are present. Along the superior margin of the hematoma, the liver capsule demonstrates marked thinning."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001282,Computed tomography chest postoperative day 15: Large right sided pleural effusion with mediastinal shift.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001283,Post-treatment ureteral stricture. Ureteral obstruction isolated to the upper border of the radiation field (red arrow) viewed from a retrograde pyelogram.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001284,"Ulcerative colitis in remission, transverse section: normal wall thickness of the sigma."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001285,Axial CT of the chest (mediastinal window) showing bilateral pulmonary cavities in the upper lobes surrounded by circumferential pleural thickening.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001286,MRI brain showing microangiopathic changes
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001287,TEE view showing sclerotic aortic valve with moderate aortic valve regurgitation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001288,"Chest radiograph on patient on readmission (1-month post-antituberculosis treatment). Patchy consolidation of the right upper lobe, as well as the right and left lower lobes. Silhouetting of the right heart border. These are features in keeping with bronchopneumonia with right middle lobe consolidation and/or atelectasis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001289,"Computed Tomography (CT) Chest Obtained on Post-Operative Day 1 Figure 2 shows Computed tomography (CT) chest obtained on post-operative day 1, revealing missile (see arrow) lodged in the epicardial wall of the right ventricular outflow tract."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001290,"Brain computed tomography without contrast medium showing a left frontoparietal haemorrhage 60 mm × 40 mm large, with perilesional oedema, and midline shift of 13 mm."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001291,"Cerebral selective left carotid angiography showing a lobulated, saccular, 7 mm aneurysm in the M3 tract of the left medium cerebral artery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001292,Stimwave trial lead placement over the left iliac crest.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001293,Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showing a soft tissue nodule with obvious contrast enhancement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001294,Axial T2 flair MRI showing left parietal subdural hematoma (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001295,Axial MRI SWI sequence showing innumerable foci of signal attenuation in the posterior fossa consistent with “starfield” appearance of fat embolism
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001296,Axial MRI SWI sequence showing innumerable foci of signal attenuation in the subcortical white matter consistent with “starfield” appearance of fat embolism
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001297,"Examples of ultrasound findings in patient with uveal – choroidal melanoma. Left: large melanoma, C1 – elevation of the tumor (9.84 mm), A1 - area of the tumor (86.9 mm2), volume of the tumor was 0.8 cm3 (Source: Ultrasound Quantel Medical Compact Touch located at the workplace of the authors)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001298,Adipose tissue measurement taken 10 cm above the level of the umbilicus. The subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) thickness measured from the inner border of the skin down to line alba. The visceral adipose tissue (VAT) thickness measured from the posterior edge of the line alba to the anterior aortic wall.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001299,Contrast-enhanced CT abdomen axial section showing a collection and air focus along the right psoas muscle. CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001300, A 78-year-old male patient. Sagittal maximum intensity projection image depicts Stanford type B dissection.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001301,Postoperative radiographic exam.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001302, Posteroanterior chest X-ray at discharge. The patient was followed up for 6 mo and had no complaints.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001303,"Ultrasound scan of right axillary accessory breast tissue shows focal area of illdefined hypoechogenicity underlying the dermis measuring 10.9 × 8.3 mm (blue arrow). No associated significant hypervascularity. The imaging appearance are indeterminate, U3 (Royal College of Radiologist, Breast Group Classification)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001304,Contrasted CT brain shows bulky bilateral thalami. No focal lesion. No leptomeningeal enhancement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001305,The lead tips were located at the T10-T12 (paddle lead) and L1-L2 (cylindrical lead) level on simple X-ray L-spine anterior-posterior view.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001306,Sagittal MRI of patients 3 at 20 years of follow-up. Note that the implant is still recognizable and showing a good signal with reduced scaffold size
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001307,Migrated stent after penetration of the pericardium. One tip of the migrated stent was in the duodenum and the other tip penetrated into the pericardium through the lateral segment of left liver.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001308,"The strategy of measurement using airway CT scan on infants. Abbreviations: TD, transverse diameter; LD, longitudinal diameter; LCB, length of the catheter body; RUL, right upper lobe."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001309,Computed tomography (CT) scan showed air-fluid levels and signs of mechanical ileus
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001310,AP fluoroscopic image of the duodenum after periduodenal (arrow) and hepatoduodenal (arrowhead) lymphatic embolization.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001311,"Portable chest x-ray demonstrating right lower lobe atelectasis, pulmonary vascular congestion, and cardiomegaly (arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001312,CT abdomen and pelvis without contrast. Air-fluid levels are apparent in the mediastinum as well as the vertebral body. Aortic involvement is also highlighted (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001313,Procedural complication: The angiography after CTO dilatation with compliant 2 x 15 mm balloon at 10 atm showed coronary Ellis II perforation (white arrow) and diffuse type D dissection.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001314,Prereduction lateral ankle radiograph showing anterior dislocation of the talus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001315,"Immediate postreduction sagittal CT image showing realignment of the ankle, subtalar, and talonavicular joints."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001316,Immediate postreduction axial CT image showing comminuted fracture of the posterolateral talar process and posterolateral fibula.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001317,Ankle mortise weight-bearing radiograph image 6 months postreduction without signs of avascular necrosis of the talus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001318,"Trans vaginal ultrasound during first stage of labor with empty bladder, measuring the Lower Uterine Segment (LUS) and the LUS with posterior UB wall, which shows a normal LUS thickness (2.5 mm). M: myometrium, F: fetus head"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001319,Angiogram showing graft puncture site without complications.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001320,Example of decreased image quality due to episodic technical issues with the 0.5 T upright MRI unit
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001321,"Post Amplatzer Vascular Plug Deployment Abscessogram Demonstrating Complete Occlusion of the Hepatoduodenal FistulaFollowing deployment of the Amplatzer® vascular plug (St. Jude Medical, Plymouth, MN), contrast injection through the percutaneous drain demonstrates filling of the hemorrhagic abscess and complete occlusion of the hepatoduodenal fistula (red arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001322,Chest roentgenograph demonstrating pleural effusions without pericardial calcification.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001323,CT scan of the abdomen. Coronal plane showing an ileo-colic intussusception with classic ‘sausage-shaped mass’ (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001324,"Positron emission tomography with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-computed tomography revealed increased FDG uptake in the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and bone marrow."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001325,Computed tomography without contrast of the abdomen in coronal view. The green arrow indicates left ovarian mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001326,Selection of PVS observation layer shown in the sagittal view. (i) frontoparietal subcortical white matter layer; (ii) centrum semiovale layer; (iii) basal ganglia layer.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001327,Chest radiograph on admission showing subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema. Bilateral pneumothorax is unclear.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001328,Enhanced computed tomography performed on admission showing a partial wall irregularity or a defect (arrow) in the anterior wall of the trachea.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001329,Chest X-ray on initial presentation showed bilateral diffuse airspace opacity and patchy consolidative changes at both lung parenchyma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001330,Cervicothoracic computed tomography reveals a 17 mm2 PTP sheet inside the cervical esophagus
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001331,PseudoaneurysmCT angiography of the right lower extremity confirming the pseudoaneurysm arising from the proximal aspect of the anterior tibial artery (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001332,X-ray following initial left tibial insufficiency fracture.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001333,Post-operative imaging from revision surgery demonstrating failure of the plate and screws as well as the locking bolts within the nail.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001334,CT scan following revision surgery showing increased callus formation and improved bone quality.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001335,"Mild COVID-19 pneumonia, but otherwise normal chest X-ray."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001336,"Male patient, 11 years old at time of surgery, screw telescoped at 36 months follow-up; no length discrepancies noted."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001337, Portable chest radiography shows percutaneous catheter drainage for pleural effusion drain.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001338,Impella device acoustic noise.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001339,Post-traumatic osteoarthritis after 12 years of bimalleolar ankle fracture.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001340,"Simple skull CT scan. A rounded lesion is seen in the middle portion of the subcortical cortical area in the left frontal lobe (white arrow) with vasogenic edema that together, generate a mass effect with deviation of the midline to the right, compression of lateral ventricles and subfalcine herniation (black arrow). CT: computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001341,"CT of the head without contrast shows an area of hyperdensity involving the superior sagittal sinus (arrow), consistent with a thrombus. CT: computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001342,CT Scan Brain Showing Prominent Basal Ganglia Calcification in the Lentiform Nuclei Bilaterally (Demonstrated by Yellow Arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001343,Postoperative chest X-ray. Chest X-ray a few days post-operative after admission showed no abnormalities with significant complete resolution of the pneumoperitoneum bilaterally.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001344,Massive osteolysis around the acetabular cup and the femoral stem of an uncemented total hip arthroplasty due to PE wear 7 years after implantation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001345,Initial computed tomography of the brain shows low-dense rounded walled lesion measuring 20×16 mm in the left basal ganglia (arrow head)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001346,Magnetic resonance imaging showed a tumor in the posterior mediastinum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001347,Bilateral perihilar consolidation with features of bronchiolitis and chronic lung disease.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001348,CT abdomen demonstrating abdominal ascites.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001349,CT abdomen showing bilateral pleural effusions.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001350,Still Image From Echocardiography on AdmissionApical 4-chamber view showing global hypokinesia and apical thrombus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001351,Chest Computed Tomography Showing Axial View of the Left Ventricular Apical Thrombus
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001352,Still Image From EchocardiographyApical 4-chamber view after 3 weeks of antituberculosis treatment showing resolution of the left ventricular apical clot
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001353,Overt macroscopic fracture of the right sacral ala.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001354,"PMMA sacral distribution, left SIJ extravasation is noted."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001355,AP chest X-ray on arrival at the emergency department. The X-ray was read as mild right basilar atelectasis with possible vascular congestion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001356,X-ray from a patient suffering from PJI. Plain radiograph showing normal findings
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001357,Plain radiograph shows asymmetric polyethylene wear of the inlay
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001358,On coronal MARS-STIR-MRI granulomatous synovitis (white arrow) indicates polyethylene wear debris
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001359,Typical image of left anterior descending curved planar reconstruction in the observation group.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001360,Chest radiograph demonstrating endotracheal tube.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001361,Computed tomography showing a central venous catheter in the superior vena cava with associated thrombus (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001362,"Aortic computed tomography angiography showing dissection of the Dacron conduit, arising from the valvular plane (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001363,Postoperative coronal CT scan showing complete resolution of the lesion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001364,CT transverse view demonstrating obstructive ureteral calculi. CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001365,"CT coronal view of gas and fluid-filled peri-ureteral structure, consistent with abscess. CT: computed tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001366,"High resolution, axial non-enhanced spiral chest CT image (lung window) of a 44-years old patient who was confirmed to be infected by COVID-19 and admitted to hospital with no symptoms (asymptomatic). CT image shows only a small ground-glass pattern in the lower aspect of the anterior segment of the upper lobe of the left lung."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001367,Orthopantomograph examination.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001368,Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis demonstrated infiltrative lesion in the right lobe of the liver with thrombosis of the right portal vein.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001369,CT seven days after TEVAR. Arrow shows gas images inside the aortic aneurysm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001370,"Transthoracic echocardiogram apical 4-chamber view demonstrates multiple left ventricle masses (arrows) with the largest mass measuring 2.5 cm × 1.5 cm. LV, left ventricle; RV, right ventricle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001371,Thoracic radiograph showing a diffuse and severe pulmonary interstitial pattern
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001372, Axial computed tomography angiography findings. Widened image thickness construct in arterial phase depicting the right hepatic artery supplying the lesion (orange arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001373,A 0.035-in angled Navicross catheter was advanced over an angled glidewire advantage and was successful in crossing the total occlusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001374,"Coronary sinus venography was performed, which revealed a tortuous lateral branch that tapered abruptly."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001375,"Cholangiography showing a tubular filling defect (white arrow) with common bile duct dilatation up to 7.3 mm in diameter, no intrahepatic duct dilatation, patent cystic duct and patent gallbladder."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001376,Coronal plane view of the right ureter showing possibility of stenosis in the distal part of the stone and hydroureter in the proximal part of the stone.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001377,Parasternal long axis showing mitral valve vegetation (red arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001378,Head CT without contrast showing multifocal infarctions (white arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001379,MRI of the head without contrast showing multifocal infarctions (white arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001380,"Suspicious nodule of 25 mm, in the UEQ of the left breast on breast US."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001381,"Lateral cephalogram with marked points, lines, and angles presented in Table 1 used to assess the hyoid triangle and the hyoid bone topography. ANS—anterior nasal spine, C3—third cervical vertebrae, H—hyoidale, MGP—McGregor’s Plane, N—nasion, Pg–pogonion, PNS—posterior nasal spine, RGN—retrognathion."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001382, Follow-up computed tomography scan after a 1-month interval. The findings showed an improved hematoma and a distended gallbladder with mild edematous wall thickening. No gallbladder stone was found.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001383," Magnetic resonance imaging with intravenous contrast of the right knee demonstrating a small enhancing cortical defect along the lateral border of the lateral femoral condyle, measuring approximately 6 mm, suggestive of osteomyelitis. There is a collection within the inflammatory changes of the vastus lateralis demonstrating rim enhancement measuring approximately 0.6 cm × 0.2 cm representing tiny abscess formation."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001384,Delineation of skeletal muscle tissue on transversal CT imaging at the level of C3. A Hounsfield Unit window of -29 to +150 was used to accentuate skeletal muscle tissue.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001385,"Sestamibi scan, April 2015"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001386,Enhance computed tomography (coronal view). The lesion size in the anterior portion of the nasal septum is 31 mm×27 mm× 39 mm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001387,Cone-beam computed tomography. The partial bone destruction of the nasal floor was confirmed. The chronic inflammation and local osteomyelitis were observed above the maxillary left lateral incisor implant.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001388,"Tuberculoma on head CT scan.Enhanced head CT scan in axial views of an HIV patient with a left frontal tuberculoma showing hypodense necrotic central area with ring enhancement, and perilesional severe edema with subfalcine herniation (Courtesy of Doctor Felipe Alva-Lopez, co-author).  "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001389,"A preoperative chest X‐ray. The stomach was dilated with gas (white arrow), and the right lung had decreased X‐ray permeability because of the atelectasis (yellow arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001390, Venogram showing complete occlusion of the left subclavian vein.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001391,"Hyperechoic material in the retrobulbar circulation of the optic nerve (spot sign). Note the abscense of color code flow signal in the peripapillar segment of the CRA. 3–9 MHz linear probe (Esaote MyLab70 and My Lab9, Esaote, Milan)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001392,Plain radiograph. Plain radiographs of the hands showing no bone destruction or joint space narrowing.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001393,The chest X-ray just before hemodialysis in case 1.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001394,"Computed tomography. Several round lymph nodes are seen in the radix mesenterii (red arrowhead). The retroperitoneal fat is hyperdense and edematous (green arrowhead), indicating inflammatory dissemination."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001395,"Computed tomography. Under the liver, a small amount of free abdominal air can be observed (yellow arrowhead). Ureteral dilation is present on the right. The late phase image shows that the contrast medium is not excreted into the right pyelon, still, nephrographic effect is visible (red arrowhead). On the left side, the kidney’s morphology is physiological, and contrast excretion is present in the ureter (green arrowhead)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001396,Computed tomography scan with contrast medium. Hyperdense lesion at the left renal pole suggesting extravasation of the contrast medium (solid arrow) and large hyperdense left perinephric collection consistent with perinephric hematoma with moderate amount of retroperitoneal stranding (dashed arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001397,"Non-contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography image showing a local recurrence at the duodenum, which caused a malignant gastric outlet obstruction. The arrow indicates the local recurrence of the colon cancer."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001398,MRI ADC brain image of a 14-year-old female patient diagnosed with pilocytic astrocytoma which was radiologically and histo-pathologically identified as a benign tumor. The tumor area is surrounded by the ROI. The texture features were extracted form the selected area
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001399,Transthoracic four-chamber view with bubble study demonstrating right to left shunt during Valsalva maneuver.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001400,Transesophageal bicaval view (at 90°) showing the tunneled patent foramen ovale with color Doppler demonstrating right to left shunt.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001401,Abdomen and pelvis computed tomography enhance. The arrows indicate uterine masses measuring 10.1 cm × 9.5 cm and 7.6 cm × 7.0 cm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001402,Preoperative CT scan (transversal view).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001403,"Coronal MIPS reconstruction PET image demonstrates multiple foci of avid FDG uptake within the lungs, mediastinum, right axilla, liver, and bone (left iliac crest and L5 vertebral body). There is no abnormal uptake of FDG within the breast soft tissues. Breast cancer in a male with CLL."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001404,"Positron emission tomography–computed tomography demonstrated 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake only in the solid component (white arrow) of the pancreatic tail cyst, and maximum standard uptake values (SUVmax) was 2.94"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001405,Lateral view of basilar artery catheter angiogram in a patient with recent subarachnoid hemorrhage demonstrating mid-basilar artery vasospasm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001406,CECT of the thorax. The image revealed multiple nodular opacities of varying sizes showing mild post-contrast enhancement with peri-nodular consolidations along with central cavitation located diffusely in bilateral lung fields. CECT: contrast-enhanced computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001407,CECT abdomen and pelvis showing enlarged prostate (arrow)CECT: contrast-enhanced computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001408,CECT abdomen and pelvis showing vertebral sclerotic lesion (arrow)CECT: contrast-enhanced computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001409,CT virtual colonoscopy study 3 months prior to this admission shows the giant duodenal diverticulum (arrowed) without any surrounding inflammatory stranding.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001410,FDG PET–CT imaging. FDG PET–CT reveals FDG deposition in the pancreatic tail: the maximum standardized uptake value is 16 (white arrow). FDG PET–CT: 2-[18F] fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001411,"Linear echogenic foreign body (yellow arrow) in the left submandibular space, approximately 1.4 cm anterior to the submandibular gland (labeled as SMG) and embedded in the left mylohyoid muscle"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001412,Ultrasound examination demonstrating a 10 + 4 weeks’ tubal pregnancy with a fetal heartbeat.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001413,"Magnification detail of an orthopantomograph, in which the reference of the dentin–enamel junction is observed in mesial (green arrows) and distal (blue arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001414,Coronal section of the previous unenhanced CT colonoscopy which demonstrated large and small calcified gallstones in the gallbladder (thin arrow) and a large right inguinoscrotal hernia containing small bowel loops (arrow heads delineating the neck).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001415,Axial image of the CT scan demonstrated a fat-containing lesion with soft tissue component and calcification. Involvement of the right common iliac vessels is noted.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001416,CT right hepatic dome of the liver. Hypoattenuating focus in the right hepatic dome of the liver (red arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001417,"FDG-PET/CT. FDG-PET/CT revealed a mass lesion with a maximum diameter of 5.5 cm, SUVmax of 11.0, and high SUV areas in the hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001418,Image of CE of 2-months-old infant: the black line shows the rectosigmoid length.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001419,TTE shows enlargement of the sinotubular junction related to R-L cusp fusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001420,Plain radiography of the right shoulder with inferior dislocation after reduction: the greater tuberosity is fractured and nearly undisplaced after reduction (red arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001421,Sagittal CT scan demonstrating paravertebral spread of LA-dye mixture at T4-T5 (Right exit foramen)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001422,Axial CT scan showing accidental crossing of LA-dye mixture to the contralateral side at T4 level
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001423,"Panoramic radiograph shows a radiolucent unilocular image involving the root of 75, in addition to extensive restoration and coronal fracture. The elements 33, 34, and 35 shown shifted to the edge of the jaw—August 2002"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001424,Panoramic radiograph shows an image 10 months after marsupialization of the lesion. Note that the density and bone pattern present with normal aspect—June 2003
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001425,Panoramic radiographic control after 5 years shows the resolution of the case—June 2007
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001426,"CT CAP showing SVC and right external iliac vein thromboses (blue arrows) and collaterals in axilla (yellow arrow)CT CAP: computed tomography chest abdomen pelvis, SVC: superior vena cava"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001427,Tricuspid regurgitation velocity by continuous wave Doppler.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001428,Left ventricular outflow velocity (TVI = 19 cm). The LV outflow diameter was 2.1 cm
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001429,Postoperative X‐ray films showed satisfactory reduction.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001430,Chest radiograph on admission for a bronchoscopy. An infiltrative shadow in the left lower lung field was demonstrated (red circle).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001431,Axial CT imaging of the head showing the nasopharyngeal mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001432,Contrast-enhanced CT abdomen image in portal venous phase showing a heterogeneously enhancing lesion in the neck and body of pancreas with normal main pancreatic duct and patent splenic vein.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001433,Adjunctive stenting in the iliac vein for post-thrombectomy outflow resolution.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001434,Chest CT scan showing apical bronchiectasis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001435,Partial “empty sellae syndrome” on brain MRI sagittal section. Pituitary gland reduced in size and lying along the floor of sphenoid sellae.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001436,Transversal section of the thorax at 4CV; the red dot marks the dilated coronary sinus in the left atrial wall.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001437,"The same case as above, red dot showing a dilated coronary sinus."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001438,"Transverse superior abdominal section showing two vessels side by side, S—Stomach, H—the hemiazygos vein and the aorta Ao."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001439,"The same case as above; absence of SVC at the TTVV. (PLSVC—persistent left superior vena cava, Ao—Aorta, Pa—Pulmonary artery, Tr—Trachea)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001440,"Case 4—TTVV with four vessels. (PLSVC—persistent left superior vena cava, Ao—Aorta, Pa—Pulmonary artery, VCS—Superior Vena Cava, Tr—Trachea)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001441,A long spiral fracture of the distal femur fixed with a 15-hole plate. The osteosynthesis is done according to a strictly bridge-plating concept which results in a long working length. The image is digitally edited by merging 2 x-ray images.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001442,Fluoroscopic image of a non-icteric 2-year-old male Belgian shepherd dog (Dog 10) acquired during ERC representing abnormal course of the CBD (arrow) in a half circle around the duodenum and not straight to the gallbladder
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001443,HRCT findings suggestive of diffuse fibrotic changes in the lung parenchyma (blue arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001444,"CT chest showing extensive fibrosis of the lung parenchyma and subpleural fibrosis, findings coinciding with COVID-19-associated interstitial lung disease."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001445,"Sagittal T1-weighted sequence cervical and upper thoracic spine.Normal CSF is of low signal intensity and this is seen within the spinal canal at the cervical spine level. The spinal subarachnoid haemorrhage is demonstrated as abnormal high signal intensity posterior to the cord at the level of the T1 vertebral body (red arrow), this extends caudally all the way down the spinal canal and is seen within the distal thoracic and lumbar spine. CSF: cerebrospinal fluid."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001446,Sagittal T2-weighted sequence cervical and upper thoracic spine.The spinal subarachnoid haemorrhage is demonstrated as abnormal low signal intensity posterior to the T1 vertebral body (red arrow). It is important to view the T1 and T2 images together. Blood can be of varying signal intensity depending on the acuity of the haemorrhage as different stages of blood products have varying paramagnetic qualities.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001447, Sagittal T2-weighted sequence lumbar spine. The spinal subarachnoid haemorrhage is demonstrated as abnormal hypo to isointense signal intensity posterior to the cord at the thoracolumbar junction (white arrow) and lumbar region (red arrow) with associated narrowing.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001448,Image échographique montrant un urocolpos. Ultrasound picture showing an urocolpos
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001449,Thorax X-ray showed cardiomegaly with prominent pulmonary conus and increased pulmonary vascularity
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001450,"Postero-anterior chest X-ray shows mild cardiomegaly, and an enlarged right atrium with prominent pulmonary vessels. The scimitar vein (dotted line), which is not well detected by visual inspection from this view, courses behind the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium before travelling down to the interatrial groove and draining to the right atrium."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001451,"CT-scan guided trans parietal biopsy of a lung mass, revealed to be a lung large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma on pathological assessment"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001452,Sagittal view demonstrates the inferior lumbar hernia (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001453,Coronal view showcases the inferior lumbar hernia above the iliac crest (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001454,Anterior-posterior X-ray of the pelvis showing an osteolytic lesion of right superior pubic rami.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001455,Postoperative cholangiography showing bile duct vacuity
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001456,Chiari type 1 and associated holocord syringomyelia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001457," Chiari type 1 associated to a syndromic craniosynostosis (Pfeiffer syndrome). There is also severe hydrocephalus, related to an intracranial venous hypertension. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001458,"Initial staging positron emission tomography with CT of the thorax demonstrating a 4.9 cm fluorodeoxyglucose-avid lesion in the left lower lobe without avid lymphadenopathy or distant metastases, consistent with a primary lung malignancy of cT. 2b. N. 0M. 0 stage per American Joint Committee on Cancer."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001459,Radiological measurements from a weight-bearing lateral foot radiograph. Lateral talar 1st metatarsal angle: red (A); Calcaneal inclination: yellow (B); Lateral talocalcaneal angle: green (C); Moreau-Costa-Bartani angle: blue (D); Talar declination; pink (E).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001460,"Laevocardiography (still-frame, left anterior oblique projection): the site/location of two ventricular septal defects could clearly be depicted (red arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001461,Axial section of a computed tomography scan revealing bilateral medial dislocation of mandibular condyles (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001462,Postoperative orthopantomogram revealing miniplate osteosynthesis at the bilateral mandibular condyles and right parasymphysis region (arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001463,Dilated pulmonary artery trunk at repeated HRCT.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001464,CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis showing complex air bubbles in the uterine cavity (white arrow) suggesting a fistulous tract between the uterine cavity and the small intestine.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001465,MRI of the brain demonstrating moderate ventricular dilation concerning for communicating hydrocephalus
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001466,The X-ray of the patient before MSCs implantation showed hemivertebra on lumbar portion. The Cobb angle was 35 degrees.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001467,CT of the abdomen and pelvis in February 2022.CT of the abdomen and pelvis in February 2022 demonstrating resolution of previous liver lesions indicating stable disease.CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001468,Orbital magnetic resonance image. Posterior scleral thickening and proptosis of the LE
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001469,Cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Suspicious fistula at the base of the inferior lateral wall (red arrow) was seen from the left ventricular short axis at 4 o’clock direction.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001470,"Blade fragments were now scattered in the stomach cavity and colon, both of which were appropriate sites for endoscopic removal."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001471,"Computed tomography mediastinal window of the chest from a 57-year-old male patient, showing the left odd vein (white arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001472,HRCT scan.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001473,Magnetic resonance of BM with meningioma. BM = brain metastasis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001474,CT cholangiogram performed Day 1 post cholecystectomy confirming double cystic ducts.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001475,Preoperative T2-weighted MRCP; double cystic ducts seen upon retrospective review of images post cholecystectomy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001476,Echocardiographic finding of the vegetation at the annulus of the implanted valve prosthesis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001477,"Coronary angiogramm showing a successful PCI of the LAD artery and the circumflex artery, after predilation and deployment of drug eluting stents (DES)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001478,Chest X-ray showing air under the diaphragm suggestive of pneumoperitoneum (red arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001479,"Chest radiography showed prominent pulmonary arteries, concurrent with pulmonary hypertension."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001480,Computed tomography scan showing lung windows with left-sided pleural effusion (blue arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001481,Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography Findings of Right Heart StrainAbnormal right ventricle: left ventricle ratio of 1.2.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001482,"Magnetic resonance imaging (T2 fat-saturated axial section) showing retro-orbital fat stranding (yellow arrow), slightly bulky right medial rectus muscle (red arrow), and the extension of the disease process into the orbital apex (blue arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001483,Magnetic resonance imaging (T1 post-contrast coronal section) showing focal involvement of the right cavernous sinus (yellow arrow) by the disease process.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001484,Magnetic resonance imaging (T1 post-contrast axial section) showing heterogeneous signals in the right orbital apex with focal extension into the cavernous sinus (yellow arrow) and heterogeneous enhancement of the mucosa along with fluid in the right ethmoid air cells (blue arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001485,"CT abdomen showing extensive edema, fat stranding, and inflammatory changes seen at the right lateral abdominal wall with free air in the subcutaneous soft tissue and muscular planes"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001486,ERCP: 8.5F 5-cm double pigtail plastic biliary stent was placed into the left hepatic duct with good contrast drainage in the duodenum. ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; CBD: Common bile duct.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001487,Sagittal CT image demonstrates a fluid-filled structure (arrow) extending superiorly from the bladder toward the umbilicus.CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001488,Computerized tomography (CT) axial head without contrast showing intraparenchymal hemorrhage and secondary mass effect.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001489,Ultrasound image showing multiple gallstones.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001490,Axial image (lung windows) from the CT pulmonary angiogram demonstrating extensive multifocal patchy ground-glass opacities in lung parenchyma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001491,Aortography. Antero-posterior view showing wide right coronary artery (yellow arrow) with conal branch crossing right ventricular outlet tract. Absent left main coronary artery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001492,T2W fat suppressed MRI spine shows continuation of the T2 high signal up to the conus medullaris
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001493,Contrast MRI brain shows mild contrast enhancement of trigeminal nerves bilaterally
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001494," Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan image of abdomen and pelvis (saggital section), depicting left ovarian teratoma. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001495,Follow-up computed tomography after 3 months. Computed tomography 3 months later showed a marked regression of the epipericardial mass compared to admission.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001496,"Computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis on admission (August 21, 2020) showing 11 × 10 × 10 cm mass in the left lobe of the liver."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001497,"Computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis (coronal view) on readmission (October 26, 2020) showing large 21 × 10.9 × 16.5 cm mass in the left lobe."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001498,Ultrasound of the abdomen revealed absence of the right kidney.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001499,Post operative USG demonstrates no collection.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001500,Ultrasound hepatobiliary system showing a hypoechoic lesion (arrow) in liver segment 6.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001501,Computed tomography angiogram of the lower limbs showing opacification of the left common femoral vein at the level of the femoral head.Red arrow indicates opacified left common femoral vein at the level of the femoral head.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001502,"Chest x-ray showing enlargement of the heart, pulmonary congestion and a small right pleural effusion."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001503,Probe position evaluation performed on CT scan. The current is directed from one probe to the other.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001504,Conventional coronary angiography showing a left coronary angiogram. The anteroposterior cranial view showed two successive stenotic lesions with 90% stenosis of the mid-segment of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery (arrows show the stenotic segments).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001505,CT thorax. The red arrow is pointing at the right middle lobe cavitary lesion. CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001506,MRI of the brain - image 1The red arrow is pointing at the chronic right parietal lobe lesion in this T2-weighted MRI image. MRI: magnetic resonance imaging
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001507, Image of abdominal computed tomography. Suspected carcinomatosis or sarcomatosis was noted in the pelvis with no evident ascites.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001508,Posterior-Anterior erect chest X-ray showing free gas under the right diaphragm
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001509,Brain CT scan of the patient shows diffuse micro ischemic and micro hemorrhagic changes
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001510,Computerized tomography findings demonstrating a rectus sheath hematoma between the anterior and posterior aspects of the rectus sheath fascia (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001511,Head MRI: coronal cut; T2 flair; metastatic lesion in the right cerebellar hemisphere.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001512,An MRI image showing multiloculated abscess on the left zygomatic arch and temporal bone.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001513,One month out-of-brace x-ray (supine anteroposterior view)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001514,Case 2: Pneumolabyrinth in the vestibule. Image is axial CT of the left ear.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001515,CXR on discharge showing marked improvement in pulmonary infiltrates from admission.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001516,Ultrasonogram of the second patient.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001517,Mild gliosis associated with encephalomalacia (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001518,Ex vacuo dilatation of the occipital horn of the lateral ventricle (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001519,"Post-procedural anterior-posterior (AP) X-rays demonstrating right acromioclavicular (AC) reconstruction using a DePuy Synthes hook plate. De. Puy Synthes, Johnson and Johnson"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001520,Bilateral anterior-posterior (AP) X-rays after removal of hardware at four months postoperatively
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001521,Chest computed tomography image (transverse view). The image shows bilateral pleural effusion (black stars) features of necrotizing pneumonia (multiple pneumatoceles: arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001522,"Chest radiograph (posteroanterior view).This radiograph, obtained after six weeks, shows marked improvement with remaining large pneumatoceles."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001523,Post coil embolization abdominal CECT showed a giant splenic artery pseudoaneurysm which was still active. Black arrow: giant pseudoaneurysm. Orange arrow: calcifications.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001524," Ten days after surgical resection, computed tomography showed that the pancreatic neck inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor was enucleated, and the tissue of the pancreas remained intact. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001525,Post catheter directed thrombolysis showing recanalization of the subclavian and axillary veins but with residual thrombus in the mid subclavian vein at the site of compression
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001526, Digital subtraction venography post mechanical thrombectomy with significant improvement in the thrombus burden
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001527,Final result. The final angiogram showed fully expanded left anterior descending artery (LAD) and first diagonal (D1).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001528,A small amount of aspirate with thin consistency barium swallow.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001529,"Axial post contrast computed tomography image demonstrates sphenoid wing meningioma with extension into right optic canal, right posterior ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses posteriorly. Captured seven months prior to third surgery. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001530,Fluoroscopic confirmation of inferior vena cava (IVC) filter deployment
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001531,"CT: purulent collection of the pelvis between the vagina and the rectum (arrow). CT, computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001532,"Arrow points to the chyloma on axial T1-weighted, gadolinium-enhanced MRI of the neck.The chyloma was located posterolateral to the left internal jugular vein at the level of the trachea (left level IV of the neck). At this location, the thoracic duct is expected to traverse the neck before it drains into the confluence of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. The chyloma was a 3.4 x 2.2 x 1.7cm circumscribed cystic lesion that was hypointense on T1 and did not enhance with the administration of gadolinium. The rest of the neck was unremarkable."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001533,Computed tomography of the abdomen showing a venous air embolism in right ventricle and portal system.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001534,Computed tomography of the head revealing the presence of air in facial tissue.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001535,"A MIP MRI image of both breasts demonstrating the biopsy proven lobular carcinoma (arrow) and additional subcentimetre, suspicious enhancing nodules (arrowheads) distant from the index tumour. MIP, maximum intensity projection."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001536,Dog boning effect (arrow) of 3 mm × 6 mm cutting balloon after rotablation with 1.5 mm burr.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001537,Pre-procedure ultrasound scan showing echogenic intraductal material.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001538,Fluoroscopy image post OTSC placement − no contrast leak demonstrated.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001539,CT at 4 months showing resolution of collection.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001540,Abdominal CT scan with contrast showing distal small intestine obstruction with the swirling of mesenteric vessels.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001541,Well-aligned left reverse total shoulder arthroplasty with no evidence of implant failure or migration two years post-operatively.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001542,Emergency coronary angiography of the patient shows 30-40% stenosis in the left anterior descending artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001543,The ultrasound shows only the right lobe of the thyroid is present.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001544,Diffuse nodal lesions in all lung fields
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001545,Coronal CT image. Normal chest. CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001546,"TTE, capture of apical four‐chamber view at the third beat showing some bubbles in left side. TTE: transthoracic echocardiography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001547,"Patient's imaging data during the fifth ICH. The head CT showed right ICH in the same position, which penetrated the bilateral ventricular system. CT = computer tomography, ICH = intracerebral hemorrhage."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001548,"Normal chest X-ray 3 months after the spikelet aspiration, with only a slight pleural fissure thickening (red arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001549,Axial T2 image showing cord edema
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001550,Sagittal T2 image with contrast showing arteriovenous malformation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001551,Fusion of the preablation magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the ablation computed tomography (CT) volume during cryoablation. Three different positions of cryoprobes and ice balls encompassing the MRI visible tumour volume (green line).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001552,"Postablation contrast enhanced MRI image, ablation zone encompassing the tumour."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001553,CT showing pseudocyst extending into left psoas muscle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001554,"Sagittal T2-weighted magnetic resonance image of the talus, significant for avascular necrosis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001555,"Coronal T1-weighted magnetic resonance image of the talus, significant for avascular necrosis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001556,Axial 3D-SPACE-TSE images show Normal inner ear structure.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001557,Chest radiograph shows a mass in the lower right thorax (arrow). The border of the right diaphragm is clearly seen
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001558,"Xray skull lateral view showing absent frontal sinuses, hypoplastic nasal bridge, relative mandible prognathism which are features of cleidocranial dysplasia. Coexisting cervical platyspondyly is a feature of SED. (original image)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001559,"Ultrasound image of a neck mass in the patient. The subcutaneous fatty masses are seen in the cervical-supraclavicular and occipital regions, being significantly enhanced on both sides, with the thickness of 2.48 cm and unclear borders."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001560,Cross-sectional thoracic CT scan showing bilateral pleural effusion (green arrows).CT: Computed Tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001561,Acute pancreatitis. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen showing pancreatic stranding and peri pancreatic edema compatible with the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001562,Initial MRI brain. MRI of the brain obtained initially showing bilateral thalami hyperintensities (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001563,Follow-up MRIMRI of the brain obtained after initial thiamine replacement showing relative improvement in bilateral thalami hyperintensities (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001564,"Measuring calcar fracture gap and cortical step at the anteromedial inferior corner after fracture reduction and cephalomedullary nailing, using immediate post-operative fluoroscopic image. The proximal nail diameter is used as calibrator"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001565,Right breast mammogram—mediolateral oblique incidence.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001566,Cardiac-gated CT demonstrating severe mitral annular calcification with annular dimensions of 42.5 mm × 23.2 mm
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001567,Sagittal plane joint orientation angles evaluated in a representative lateral projection.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001568,"T1-weighted brain MRI demonstrating a thickening of the meninges that was initially considered a meningioma but subsequently re-diagnosed as a gumma (left, arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001569,MRI abdomen showing the abdominal wall mass; a multiloculated cystic mass along the right lower anterior abdominal wall muscles (with cysts within cysts) measuring 9 x 8.5 x 4.7 cm
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001570,CT scan (coronal view) showing the tissue mass occupying the sinonasal cavity with the erosion of the sphenoid and clivus (yellow arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001571,The axial view of MRI (T1 fat-suppressed image) showed a lesion (yellow star) abutting sphenoid cavernous sinuses posteriorly
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001572,MRI (T2-weighted image) after four months of resection with preservation of the lateral structures and complete clearance of tumour
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001573,"High resolution computed tomography showing honeycombing, septal thickening."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001574,"Wirsungogram performed on the first endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, revealing a ductal leakage in the body of pancreas (white arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001575,Radiograph showing the pancreatic plastic stent after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001576,Posteroanterior chest radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001577,Transthoracic echocardiogram showing the presence of right atrial mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001578,"Increased lung density of both lungs, with multiple round thin walled cystic opacities seen. Widespread bilateral scattered patchy opacification with thickened local lobules most marked peripherally in both lower lobes."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001579,Axial T1 weighted MRI image: Post-treatment axial contrast-enhanced image shows no inflammation and/or abscess at the left breast.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001580,Ultrasound image of the septum with an aneurism of the oval foramen
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001581,"Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) imaging demonstrating a soft tissue abnormality within the left parapharyngeal space adjacent to the oropharynx but without convincing evidence of enhancement, suggestive of an inflammatory phlegmon."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001582,"Coronary angiogram (cranial view) demonstrating slow antegrade flow (incomplete filling) in the left anterior descending artery (red arrow) compared with normal opacification of the left circumflex artery (red asterisk), suggestive of coronary artery embolism."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001583,"Left ventricular short-axis view of cardiac MRI: endocardial thickening and calcification. MRI, magnetic resonance imaging."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001584,Echocardiogram: thickening and calcification of the left ventricle endocardium.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001585,"Axial view showed an emphysematic collection of air at the anterolateral abdominal wall. This image can be easily mistaken for diverticulitis or localized bowel perforation, but with close inspection, the air is spotted extraperitonealy."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001586,Frontal view of the abscess cavity on the right side (circle) with contralateral extension to the left suprasphincteric space (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001587,Contrast CT chest showing four-chamber dilatation of the heart with no pulmonary embolism
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001588,Abdomen CT with intravenous and oral contrast showing pneumobilia
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001589,Chest computed tomography in a patient admitted to the intensive care unit for acute respiratory failure secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001590,"Chest X-ray showed mirror-image dextrocardia, with the heart’s silhouette on the right side of her chest"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001591,"Angiography for left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) after device implantation, showing no residual leakage and complete occlusion"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001592,Computed tomography of the abdomen showing worsening high-grade small bowel obstruction
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001593,Computed tomography of the abdomen showing the AXIOS stent (arrow) at the ileosigmoid stricture relieving the obstruction
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001594,"Subsequent chest X-ray after thoracostomy revealed a decreased left-sided pleural effusion, a decreased tracheal deviation, and an increased right lung field."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001595,Coronal magnetic resonance image of abnormal thick-walled loops of jejunum and proximal ileum without focal stricture.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001596,"Right lateral projection of the abdomen. An ovoid-shaped, soft-tissue opacity mass (asterisk) caudodorsal to the urinary bladder was noted, causing a narrowing of the descending colonic lumen (dotted line)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001597,TOE showing the ostium secundum ASD.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001598,CT-thorax: coronal view of absent VCS.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001599,Radiology Radiology of the hypodense lesion in humerus involving the diaphysis and metaphysis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001600,Intraoperative t-tube cholangiogram showing proximal CBD filling defect as well as extravasation of dye and filling into the gallbladder.CBD: common bile duct
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001601,Two months postoperative t-tube cholangiogram showing satisfactory draining of CBD with no filling defects and patent biliary tree.CBD: common bile duct
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001602,Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showing pericardial late gadolinium enhancement (white arrow) signifying pericardial inflammation over basal lateral left ventricular wall.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001603,No signs of ischemia in the internal carotid artery (circle)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001604,Preoperative anteroposterior radiograph of infant demonstrating a left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia with resultant dextrocardia
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001605,Response to preoperative BRAFi/MEKi therapy—the extent of the metastatic tumor in the left axilla before (A) and after (B) targeted therapy (Figure by Pawel Rogala).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001606,Preoperative sagittal T1‐weighted (550/13) sequence MRI showing invading deep popliteal area Marjolin's tumour with sinus tracts (white arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001607,MRI STIR (short T1//tau inversion recovery) sagittal cut demonstrating L2-3 B2 and L2 A3 injury with posterior ligamentous complex disruption.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001608,CT sagittal cut demonstrating L2-3 C injury with L2-3 translation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001609,Coronal CT view of large retroperitoneal cyst.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001610,An MRI T2 coronal view of the cyst.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001611,Cases of maxillary second molar with two roots
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001612,Transverse view of gastric intussusception
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001613,Fluoroscopic image of stent deployment.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001614,Chest x-ray showing pulmonary edema
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001615,Non contrast CT findings (Arrow indicates the aneurysmal aortic bifurcation).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001616,Midesophageal aortic valve long axis view. Echo dense intramural hematoma (red arrow) located posteriorly to the mechanical aortic valve extending towards the roof wall of the LA and compressing the LA cavity. ∗Left atrium.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001617,Midesophageal 3-chamber view. Echo dense intramural hematoma (red arrow) located posteriorly to the mechanical aortic valve protruding in the LA cavity. Color Doppler shows an accelerated flow in midcavity. ∗Left atrium. ∗∗Left ventricle. ∗∗∗Aorta and aortic prosthetic valve.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001618, Right coronary artery showing mild stenotic lesion with thrombus at crux cordis (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001619,Oblique coronal CT image of ankle joint. (d1) Maximum length through the central axis of the screw; (d2) length of the screw
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001620,"Enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest (coronal view) demonstrating the presence of bilateral thin wall elliptical-shaped cysts, in the middle and lower lobes of both lungs, with no other ancillary findings. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001621,Delineation of chest radiographic thoracic area. Example of a newborn with left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia. CRTA was calculated as the sum of area of ipsilateral and contralateral lung. Segmentation was performed manually.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001622,Screw anterior from S1—unrecognised sacral dysmorphism (Smith type-3 misplacement).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001623,Duplex ultrasound of the hilum of each testicle – right normal and left showing some local oedema (white arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001624,Angiography of proximal cephalic and axillary veins Red arrow: axillary vein; Blue arrow: cephalic vein
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001625,Mediastinal and bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy with right middle lobe airspace consolidation and pneumonia.Black arrow: hilar lymphadenopathy. Red arrow: airspace consolidation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001626,Prominent mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy with a partial clearing of the right lower lobe consolidation and pneumonia.Black arrows: hilar lymphadenopathy. Red arrow: airspace consolidation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001627,CT abdomen with the second transition point
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001628,Apical four chamber view with arrows pointing to a four ovoid masses on the mitral chordae. Video clip available.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001629,"This is the thyroid ultrasound of patient 5 who underwent endoscopic surgery 8 months after the initial surgery. The ultrasound showed a local recurrence in the right lobe of the thyroid, with unclear margins and irregular shape."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001630,CT-image showing the splenic metastasis to be removed (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001631, Patient 1 CT scan chest with evidence of diffuse granulomatous disease
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001632,"- Methods of measuring ethmoid infundibulum dimensions, maxillary sinus natural ostium diameter, and deviated nasal septum. A) Ethmoid infundibulum width was defined as the line between uncinate process and bullae ethmoidalis. B) Ethmoid infundibulum length was defined as the uncinate process length from its free edge to the attachment above the inferior turbinate on coronal CT. C) Maxillary sinus natural ostium diameter was defined as the length of a line drawn between the uncinate process attachment and the bony part of the orbit floor or anterior ethmoid air cells. (D) Deviated nasal septum was defined as a deviation of >10 degrees from a vertical line from the crista galli to the nasal floor."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001633," Abdominal contrast-enhanced CT scans, axial view. Diverticula and pericolic fat stranding were confirmed in the cecum (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001634,"Abdominal plain CT scans, axial view. CT scans revealed the presence of lipiodol in the pseudoaneurysm (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001635,Axial contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed T1 weighted portal venous phase MRE images shows a severe small bowel thickening with an associated enteorcutaneous fistula (white arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001636,Cross-sectional view of the umbilical vein aneurysm with arrows pointing towards the umbilical arteries on either side.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001637,"CT brain axial cut was done a few days before the patient's deterioration, showing the ventricular catheter in the left lateral ventricle and lax brain."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001638,"X-ray abdomen AP view - the blue arrows refer to the course of the catheter from the transverse colon down to the sigmoid colon, rectum, and anal canal."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001639,Preoperative T2-weighted sagittal magnetic resonance image shows the ruptured dorsal talonavicular ligament (arrow) sandwiched in the talonavicular joint.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001640,Sagittal computed tomography image showing a patient with no contact between the maxillary third molar and the maxillary sinus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001641,Enhanced CT scan show that the spermatic vessels.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001642,Angiography showing eroded gastroduodenal artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001643,Antero-posterior view of the plain radiograph of pelvis showing triangular area of significant sclerosis over the inferior aspect of iliac border of both the sacroiliac joints.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001644,"Follow up chest X-ray performed two days after POSE reversal, revealing absence of pneumoperitoneum, decreased left-sided pleural effusion (though still present), and clear lungs."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001645,Preoperative radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001646,"Tongue root cyst in a m.3243A>G carrier. Axial, T1-weighted MRI image of the collum showing a hyperintense lesion in the right tongue root, interpreted as thin- and smooth-walled, pre-epiglottic cyst with 1 cm in diameter and protein-rich content, which did not enhance after application of gadolinium."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001647,Chest X-ray exhibiting cardiomegaly with mild congestive failure pattern.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001648,Initial Chest X-ray showing bilateral basilar lung infiltrates
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001649,Follow-up chest CT scan six months after initiating treatment
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001650,CT angiocoronal view showing pericardial fat stranding (blue arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001651,"Chest CT (February 17, 2016) showing enlarged left axillary lymph node of 2.5 cm"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001652,Transversal scan with linear probe of COVID-19 pneumonia: fused B lines configuring “white lung”.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001653,"Longitudinal scan with convex probe in COVID-19 patient on mechanical ventilation with bacterial superinfection: (1) pleural effusion, (2) parenchymal consolidation without air bronchogram, (3) heart, (4) parenchymal consolidation with air bronchogram."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001654,The right zygomatic fracture (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001655,Some fragments from the external table of skull coming from the area of the lesion are seen within the skull cavity—lying close to dried brain tissue residues (full arrow). Note the fracture line (dotted arrow) at the dorsal cranium.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001656,"Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) demonstrating regional wall abnormalities of the left ventricle during diastole. The mid and distal anterior septum, entire apex and mid septum segment are hypokinetic. All other remaining scored segments are normal."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001657,Coronary angiogram demonstrating no significant obstruction in right coronary artery circulation. Right coronary artery was patent. Right posterior descending artery (PDA) and posterior-lateral branch was patent.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001658,Diagnosis of tension gastrothorax. Computed tomography showed prolapse of the stomach into the thoracic cavity and compression of the left thoracic cavity. The two-layered structure of the gastric wall and diaphragm indicated gastrothorax (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001659,Chest X-ray (anteroposterior view) depicting dextrocardia (white arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001660,"Post‐operative transthoracic echocardiogram, there was no leak around pericardial patch. (LV, left ventricle; LA, left atrium; RV, right ventricle; RA, right atrium)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001661,"Changes in peripherals of both lungs due to GGO in a cut of HRCT on the in 10th day of hospitalization. GGO, ground glass opacities; HRCT, high‐resolution lung CT"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001662,Lateral weight bearing radiograph showing severe pes cavus with osteopenia and soft tissue swelling.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001663,Lateral foot radiograph showing correction of the deformity after calcenus osteotomy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001664, Fistula formation at the anastomotic site.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001665,"MRI image (sagittal plane) of the head of the presented patient showing typical triad of PSIS: ectopic posterior lobe (1), agenesis of the pituitary stalk (2), and hypoplastic anterior lobe (3). This examination came when the girl was 17 years old"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001666,CT scan showing modified caudate-right lobe ratio.Line 1 passes through the right lateral wall of the right portal vein bifurcation and parallel to the midsagittal body plane. Line 2 passes through the caudate lobe’s most medial margin and is parallel to line 1. Line 3 is drawn perpendicular.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001667,"Three-phasic CT scan in the arterial phase of a 45-year-old male, who was a known case of PSC, presented with jaundice.The heterogeneous mass lesion in the medial segment of LT lobe of the liver was associated with capsule retraction and delayed enhancement, indicating cholangiocarcinoma.PSC: primary sclerosing cholangitis; LT: left"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001668,A CT scan of the chest taken during this admission showing bilateral areas of patchy airspaces and infiltrates (red arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001669,"Coronal T1 postcontrast MRI demonstrates an enlarged and rounded appearance of the cavernous sinus with heterogeneous enhancement, consistent with cavernous sinus thrombosis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001670,"Topographic imaging of the patient. Preoperative chest computed tomography on postoperative day 18, showing mild complex fluid collection."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001671,"Mucocele of the appendix: an incidentaloma in a 78-year-old woman. Axial CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis, showing a hypodense ovoid structure (solid arrow) in close proximity to the ileocecal valve, measuring 2.8 cm in diameter. Note also the curvilinear mural calcifications (dashed arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001672,"LAMN with PMP and ovarian involvement. Contrast-enhanced coronal CT scan showing a mucocele of the appendix (solid arrow), with PMP involving the right paracolic gutter (arrowhead). Note also the cystic tumour in the left ovary (dashed arrow). Histological analysis after surgery revealed two mucinous tumours (a LAMN in the appendix and another in the left ovary), which overlapped morphologically. It is likely that the primary neoplasm arose in the appendix, subsequently extending to the ovary and peritoneum."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001673,Anteroposterior (AP) erect chest X-ray
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001674,"Representative chest computed tomography (CT) image used to measure the cross-sectional area of erector spinae muscles (ESMCSA). The manually selected area (yellow) is used to measure ESMCSA using the computer software, Image J."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001675, Chest CT scan.Chest CT scan showing bilateral diffuse subpleural and perifissural micronodules.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001676,Chest x-ray showing diffuse bilateral pulmonary opacities suggesting the development of ARDSARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001677,CT chest showing dense bilateral pulmonary infiltrates
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001678, Computed tomography angiography showing an abdominal aortic aneurysm of 8 cm in diameter extending in both iliac arteries.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001679,CT angiographic of the neck: Coronal view shows the bovine arch.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001680,MRI: Arrows indicate the multiple hepatic cysts reported.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001681,MRI of right ankle joint (coronal section) showing ankle valgus deformity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001682,"Mucosal enhancement defect of appendix. An axial CT image of a 20-year-old man presenting with a 9-h onset of right lower quadrant pain, elevated white blood cell counts (19,150 cells/mm3) and neutrophilia (85% neutrophils) shows a dilated appendix with focal defect at the anteromedial wall (arrow). Gangrenous appendicitis was confirmed at surgery and histopathology"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001683,"postnatal US examination, during the first day of life, revealing the prenatally diagnosed cystic lesion, measuring 50x30x43mm and based at the left lower abdomen, with no signs of vascularization, characterized by septations with internal echoes and a fluid-debris level"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001684,"Axial View of MRI: MRI reveals regions of diffusion restriction and edema noted along the atria and occipital horns of the lateral ventricles bilaterally, likely revealing intraventricular spread of infection"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001685,A chest radiograph only showing bilateral ground‐glass shadows
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001686,"X-ray image taken on the day of the admission showing the hip, femur, and knee of a skeletally immature patient. A right femur spiral fracture in the mid-diaphyseal region can be seen along with a deformity that cannot be reduced due to epidermolysis bullosa and the fear of sloughing off the skin due to the nature of the disease. Narcotics and analgesia were administered and the patient was left in the best-preferred position for maximum comfort."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001687,"Lateral X-ray image taken on the day of the admission. Fracture of the femur and a crack in the distal diaphyseal region can be seen. However, the crack shown is not a fracture."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001688,Chest X-ray showing an enlarged cardiac silhouette and left lower-lobe atelectasis with mild volume loss. The Dutch text in the X-ray image means “sitting”
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001689,Measurements on CBCT after maximum of non-surgical expansion at the anterior and posterior palate. The nasopalatine foramen (white bracket) and the greater palatine foramina on both sides (white line) were references for measurements
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001690,Upright abdominal radiograph demonstrating gaseous distention of the stomach with no free air identified
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001691,"Example of an isodose surface volume (ISV) and organ related volumes of a patient with prostate cancer. The purple line indicates the border of the V10Gy ISV, the red delineation represents the prostate PTV and the green delineation shows the PTV_PVS (prostate and vesicular seminalis). The rectum and bladder was indicated with blue and yellow color, respectively."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001692,Transthoracic echocardiography (parasternal long-axis view) showed cardiac cavities of normal dimension and slightly thickened ventricular walls (with an 12 mm ventricular septum). No pericardial effusion was observed.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001693,Sagital view of the chest CT showing extension of the aortic thrombus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001694,Hypoattenuating area within the right MCA distribution consistent with infarct. MCA: middle cerebral artery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001695,Anteroposterior plain film demonstrating a radio‐opaque foreign body with a “double ring” superimposing the esophagus
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001696,Dilated bowel loops adjacent to the right external iliac artery (marked in red).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001697,Computed Tomography Angiogram Showing Agenesis of the Left Internal Carotid ArteryAn axial maximum intensity projection computed tomography angiogram demonstrates agenesis of the left internal carotid artery (yellow arrow). The native right internal carotid artery is shown (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001698,Diagnostic Cerebral Angiogram of a Right Internal Carotid Artery AneurysmA diagnostic cerebral angiogram through the right internal carotid artery demonstrates a wide-neck aneurysm of the cavernous segment (black arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001699,Ultrasound image using high-frequency linear probe showing presence of hypoechoic fluid collection (arrow) between fascial layers and underlying “dirty” hyperechoic A-lines with shadowing (*) indicating the presence of subcutaneous air.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001700,MRI of the cervical spine. C. 2-C3: Small central disc protrusion and bilateral facet arthrosis causing mild central canal stenosis without neuroforaminal narrowing (yellow arrow).C3-C4: Bilateral facet arthrosis and uncovertebral joint osteophytes causing mild to moderate bilateral neuroforaminal narrowing without central canal stenosis. Bilateral foraminal nerve root encroachment (green arrows).C4-C5: Central disc protrusion causing moderate central canal stenosis. There were bilateral uncovertebral joint osteophytes and facet arthritis causing severe right and moderate left neuroforaminal narrowing with right foraminal C5 nerve root impingement and left foraminal C5 nerve root encroachment (blue arrows).C5-C6: Posterior disc osteophyte complex causing moderate to severe central canal stenosis. There are bilateral uncovertebral joint osteophytes and facet arthrosis resulting in severe bilateral neuroforaminal narrowing with bilateral foraminal nerve root impingement (red arrows).C6-C7: No central canal stenosis or neuroforaminal narrowing (orange arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001701,Noncontrast CT sagittal view depicting herniation of the abdominal contents into the scrotum.CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001702,Chest radiography revealed peripheral cotton infiltrates in both lung bases with greater extension in the right base.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001703,"This chest X-ray showed bronchopneumonia, which was significantly better than the previous X-ray."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001704,"Case 3: axial section of abdominal CT scan with injection at venous time, showing invasion of the left rectus abdominis muscle by the tumor (red arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001705,Transabdominal ultrasound demonstrating a mass in the left lateral uterus (dashed circle).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001706,Retrograde contrast cystography in a cat with non-traumatic uroabdomen and secondary urothorax. Note the decreased serosal detail and leakage of contrast into the peritoneum
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001707,Chest X-ray showing parenchymal lung opacities in left mid and lower zones.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001708,Gastrografin enema showed translucency shaped with swollen appendix (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001709,Sagittal magnetic resonance imaging of the fibrous interzone in the femoral tunnel in STGPI graft
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001710,Sagittal magnetic resonance imaging of the fibrous interzone in the tibial tunnel in STGPI graft
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001711,"Coronal computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest, pelvis, and abdomen with contrast showing multiple pulmonary nodules and pelvic/retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001712,Computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and pelvis with contrast showing a focal lesion on the medial aspect of the iliac bone.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001713,Computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and pelvis with contrast showing subcutaneous nodule with fat stranding in the left gluteal region.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001714,CT cervical spine without contrast showing large abnormality in the posterior subcutaneous region of the upper cervical spine at the midline and towards the left (arrows)CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001715,"Admission cerebral computed tomography (CT) scan, showing a nodular lesion and surrounding edema (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001716,Computed tomography (CT) scan of thorax showing lung abscess (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001717,Computerized tomography scan of the orbit demonstrated a hyperdense choroidal plaque with the same density as bone at the level of the optic disc in the right eye.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001718,"Digital subtraction angiography, sagittal plane. Red arrow: superficial middle cerebral vein. Green arrow: superior anastomotic vein (Trolard’s vein). Blue arrow: inferior anastomotic vein (Labbé’s vein)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001719,"Digital subtraction angiography, sagittal plane. Anatomy of Galen’s ampulla and straight sinus. The straight sinus receives blood from the inferior sagittal sinus and the vein of Galen. It flows into the torcular Herophili, where it joins the superior sagittal sinus. Green arrow: Galen’s ampulla. Blue arrow: straight sinus."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001720,"Intraoperative Doppler ultrasonography showing IRHV patency after resection, with hepatofugal flow (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001721, Selected CT axial image of the head without contrast demonstrating sparing of lateral recti and medial recti muscle enlargement. CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001722,Lateral injury film/radiograph of the left forearm demonstrating an isolated ulnar shaft fracture with minimal displacement and angulation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001723,A PET/CT scan demonstrating a nodule in the posterior aspect of the left lower lobe of the lung
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001724,"Contrast-enhanced CT, transverse section of the kidneys. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed scattered regions of non-enhancement over bilateral kidneys (white arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001725,"Contrast‐enhanced CT reveals diffuse pancreatic enlargement (i.e. sausage pancreas) with “featureless borders” and a capsule‐like rim, which is characteristic of AIP. 46  "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001726,Preoperative computed tomography image of the patient showed that the giant goiter in the chest had resulted in severe tracheal obstruction. Arrow labeled “A”: tracheal obstruction. Arrow labeled “B”: goiter.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001727,"A T2 weighted axial MRI showing a 2.5cm meningioma (arrow) causing mass effect, with edema present. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001728,"T2 weighted axial MRI showing cystic encephalomalacia in the right parietal/occipital region (grey arrow) in keeping with remote surgery for a glioblastoma, with additional post-surgical changes in the region of the midbrain (black arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001729,The image shows a magnetic resonance image of an obese subject; the size of the lingual complex is larger than in a non-obese subject. The photo is owned by Bordoni Bruno.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001730,Transverse CT image showing bone marrow biopsy needle penetrating the sacrum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001731,Transverse CT image showing drainage catheter placement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001732,Chest X-ray after surgical resection of a huge undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001733,"Renal ultrasound showing an enlarged hyperechogenic kidney. Otherwise, this was an age-appropriate abdominal sonogram"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001734,Computed tomography and head scan with intravenous contrast at admission to the intensive care unit. Retropharyngeal abscess (red circle) associated with anterior jugular thrombosis (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001735,Sixty-two-year-old male 54 months postsurgery with full remission of symptoms but excessive new calcification to the Achilles tendon insertion at follow-up.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001736,"On postoperative radiographic ML) view, the tibial axis was drawn (yellow line), and the posterior tilt angle (red line) was measured. Abbreviation: ML, Mediolateral."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001737,"Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain with contrast, postcontrast sagittal view showing marked improvement in the previously seen filling defect in the superior sagittal sinus (arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001738,Follow-up scanogram showed good alignment.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001739,Chest X-ray in October 2014.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001740,FDG-PET showing the novel lymphadenopathy with an FDG uptake in the left axilla and left supraclavicular region (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001741,Radiograph of the thorax.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001742,Axial computed tomography angiography depicting a filling defect (arrow) in the upper superior vena cava at the junction of the left and right brachiocephalic veins.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001743,Angiographic venous stenosis with indwelling nonfunctional leads.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001744,Extraction of the lead through the laser sheath.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001745,Positioning of the introducer sheath (marked by the arrow) for lead implantation over the guide wire.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001746,"Cystography disclosed the enhancing material draining from the bladder (arrowhead) to the diseased ileum (arrow), consistent with the enterovesical fistula."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001747,Intraoperative cholangiogram through the cystic duct stump.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001748,"A 16 mm right ovarian dominant follicle (red arrow) seen on computed tomography compressing a low‐lying ascending colon (green arrow), just inferior to a patulous retroverted cecum (blue arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001749,"The measurement of MNM angle (6.97°); 13w2d, normal Chinese fetus"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001750,Chest radiograph showing low lung volumes with acute inflammatory infiltrates in the upper lobes accompanied by subsegmental atelectasis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001751,Chest radiograph showing diffuse bilateral interstitial opacities.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001752,"Fetal echocardiography at 26 weeks. A large left ventricular apical mass (arrow) and small nodules in the interventricular septum and right ventricular wall (arrowheads) were observed. RA right atrium, RV right ventricle, LA left atrium"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001753,"The width of the surgical window (A, red line): the shortest distance between the anterior border of the left psoas muscle and the abdominal aorta or left common iliac artery"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001754,A hypoechoic wedge-shaped area (arrow) seen on ultrasound in the right testicle on sagittal view.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001755,ORIF of the posterior column of the left acetabulum and CRIF fixation of left side sacroiliac joint.ORIF: open reduction and internal fixation; CRIF: closed reduction and internal fixation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001756,Uncemented THA of the left hip joint.THA: total hip arthroplasty
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001757,Chest CT in a lung window. An axial section at the level of the lower lobes. Subpleural ground-glass opacities (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001758,Chest CT in a lung window. Expiratory apnoea. An axial section at the level of the lower lobes highlights areas of air trapping (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001759,Posteroanterior CXR. Multifocal bronchovascular lack of definition.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001760, A 74-year-old man with abdominal pain. Abdominal contrast-enhanced portal-venous phase computed tomography image showed well-circumscribed hyperattenuation of the fat surrounding the mesenteric vessels.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001761," A 69-year-old woman with diarrhea. Contrast-enhanced portal-venous phase computed tomography image of the abdomen showed evidence of fluid-filled distension of the large bowel, particularly of the sigma and rectum, without evidence of parietal thickening. Free effusion was also present in the abdomen and between the intestinal loops with associated diffuse imbibition of the subcutaneous soft tissues."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001762,  A 60-year-old man with abdominal pain and increased amylase and lipase levels. Abdominal contrast-enhanced portal-venous phase computed tomography image showed fluid collections at the level of the pancreatic head and isthmic region and thickening of the left anterior pararenal fascia and perivisceral fat.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001763,"  A 69-year-old man with hematuria and right abdominal pain. Abdominal contrast-enhanced portal-venous phase computed tomography image depicted wedge-shaped parenchymal defects that involved both the renal cortex and medulla with extension to the capsular surface, suggesting a renal infarct."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001764,CXR showed cardiomegaly and bilateral infiltrates
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001765,Postoperative radiography showing the cemented femoral stem
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001766,Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery brain magnetic resonance imaging of the patient shows the lesions with high signal intensity in the bilateral globus pallidus (white arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001767,Radiological findings of osteoradionecrosis of the left anterior ribs in a 79-year-old woman. (D) Follow-up chest CT performed 7 months after reconstruction surgery revealed deformed left chest wall (arrows) without recurrence of ulceration or infection.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001768,"Carina, CVC tip and thoracic vertebra display on the radiograph. CVC central venous catheter."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001769,"Simple skull X‐ray of case 1 showing prominent chin with underdevelopment of the maxillary bone, relative prognathism (pseudoprognathism), and the absence of dental pieces"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001770,A 32-year-old woman with placental bulge.Coronal FIESTA performed at 34 weeks of gestation shows right-lateral placental bulge into the myometrium (asterisk). Intact outer layer of myometrium (arrowhead) is depicted. Lumpy contour and rounded edge (arrow) is seen. Pathological examination revealed placenta increta. FIESTA = Fast Imaging Employing Steady-state Acquision
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001771,A 38-year-old woman with PAS at 34 weeks gestation.Coronal FIESTA shows thinning of anterior myometrium with bulging of lower uterine segment and lobulated external contour (arrowheads). No intraplacental dark band is seen. Placental accreta was confirmed at delivery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001772,Right buccal mucosa CT scan.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001773,Upright chest X-ray
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001774, Computed tomography image. A soft tissue shadow was found on the upper bladder wall (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001775,"In angiography, vascular blush was observed in the left inferior lateral genicular artery (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001776,Lateral plain radiograph showing measured factors. The mean height of the vertebral body was defined as the average of the three area heights of the vertebral body ([a+b+c] / 3). The vertebral height ratio was calculated using the following equation : the vertebral height ratio (%) = mean height of the index level / [(mean height of the upper adjacent body + mean height of the lower adjacent body) / 2] × 100. Segmental kyphotic angle (X) was determined at the intersection of lines drawn at the superior plateau of vertebral body and the inferior plateau of vertebral body.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001777,Coronal T1 MRI with contrast showing the space-occupying lesion marked by the arrow.MRI: magnetic resonance imaging
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001778,Tumor appearance at 24 + 1 weeks.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001779,Chest radiograph showed diffuse tracheobronchial tree calcification (white arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001780,Computed tomographic scan of the chest showed calcification of the central and peripheral airways (white arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001781,"Sagittal T1-weighted MRI. Well-defined left inguinal canal lesion abutting the anterior aspect of the spermatic cord. The mass measured 3 x 3 x 5.5 cm in maximum anteroposterior, transverse, and craniocaudal diameter, respectively. The lesion demonstrates low intensity"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001782,"Abdominal CT scan taken at the L5 level, demonstrating focal mucosal thickening and dilation of the ascending and proximal descending colon."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001783,Contrast-enhanced computed tomography thorax showing resolution of thrombus after successful treatment.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001784,A cholangiogram showing mildly dilated CBD studded with multiple stones
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001785,Extravasation of the contrast into the abscess cavity proofing the linkage with the biliary tree
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001786,"Echocardiographic examination: a hypoechoic spherical space of (cross-shaped markers) 9–10 mm in diameter can be seen at the root of the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve, which may correspond with an abscess. Moderate mitral regurgitation 8–9 mm can also be observed, reaching the apex of the left atrium."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001787,Computed tomography angiography of the abdomen showed mid abdominal aortitis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001788,"Whole-body magnetic resonance images of a 5-year-old boy with neurofibromatosis type 1. There are extensive plexiform neurofibromas involving the thoracic paravertebral regions, intercostal spaces, anterolateral chest wall, retrocrural space, and upper abdominal retroperitoneum. The aorta and its branches (celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery), left renal vein, and intrahepatic portal vein are encased by the plexiform (arrows). Thoracic scoliosis with right-sided convexity is noted."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001789,Periapical radiographs suggesting apical displacement of the maxillary central incisors (36 hours following injury).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001790,An orthopantomogram confirming severe apical displacement of the maxillary central incisors and ruled out facial fractures taken within the accident and emergency department following trauma (radiolucency suggestive of caries to be managed by the general dental practitioner).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001791,Case 2: A 55-year-old woman with MMBC presented with a hypoechoic mass (1.9 × 1.6 × 1.5cm) in the right breast. The mass presented with a non-circumscribed margin (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001792,Case 1: A 37-year-old woman with MUMPC presented with a hypoechoic mass (1.7 × 1.5 × 1.4 cm) in the left breast. Subcutaneous and retromammary fat layers were both infiltrated (white and dotted arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001793,"Case 3: A 49-year-old woman with conventional pure mucinous breast carcinoma (cPMBC) presented with a hypoechoic mass (1.7 × 1.4 × 1.3 cm) in the right breast. The lesion presented with a circumscribed margin (dotted arrow), irregular shape, and enhanced posterior echo (white arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001794, A small soft non-shadowing common bile duct stone as seen from the bulb of the duodenum. CBD: Common bile duct.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001795,Abdominal ultrasound showed non-dilated common bile ducts and intrahepatic bile ducts.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001796,An AP view imaging from a 27-year-old healthy adult. The angle formed by the AC and BC line was the CTA (δ = 164°)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001797,Transthoracic echocardiogram shows a mobile echodensity on the anterior aortic leaflet measuring 20 x 14 mm consistent with endocarditis (yellow arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001798,"Axial CT abdomen showing compression of the third portion of the duodenum (black arrow) from the superior mesenteric artery (blue), with distention of the stomach (red arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001799,Diverticulitis transverse colon with extra-luminal air suggesting micro-perforation (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001800,"Axillary shoulder X-ray view. Line A: anterior edge of the acromion, Line B: anterior edge of the lateral clavicle, x: distance between A and B that determine horizontal stability."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001801,"KUB demonstrating dilated loops of the bowel.KUB: X-ray of kidneys, ureters, and bladder"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001802,Sagittal view Illustration of surgical plan via high-definition tractography and fiber tracking. The image demonstrates the tumor and fiber interface and the surgical entry point and trajectory.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001803,"Chest X-ray erect (postero-anterior view)The white arrow is showing right sub-diaphragmatic free air suggesting pneumoperitoneum, with heterogeneous liver shadow and air-fluid level shown by the blue arrow"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001804,CT scan of the upper abdomen with IV contrast (coronal view) IV: IntravenousThe white arrow shows a large cavity like liver abscess mainly containing gas
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001805,"CT scan of the abdomen with IV contrast (axial view)IV: IntravenousCT scan image shows a large right sub-capsular hepatic lesion with an irregular outline, predominantly containing gas (white arrow) with minimal dependent fluid (blue arrow), suggestive of gas-forming hepatic abscess"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001806,Ultrasound scan (post aspiration)The white arrow is showing a replacement of the gas with more fluid appearing as hypoechoic material
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001807,"B Scan showing a shallow dome-shaped, regularly structured, hyperechoic lesion of the infratemporal choroid with a maximal thickness measured of 2.18 mm and a diameter of 3.21 mm. No distinct extrascleral extension was noted"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001808,Bedside echocardiogram with subcostal view showing severe right ventricular enlargement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001809,Computed tomography with pulmonary embolism protocol showing an right ventricular:left ventricular ratio of 2.4.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001810,CT images of L3 skeletal muscle area measurement (red area represents skeletal muscle area).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001811,CT scan showing left upper lobe mass and left basal pleural effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001812,"Six weeks surveillance CT scan, post two cycles of VCAP chemotherapy, showing marked interval improvement in size of left upper lobe mass. VCAP, velcade, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and prednisolone."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001813,Abdominal CT showing undetermined pelvic fluid (indicated by red arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001814,Transvaginal ultrasound image 2 showing 12cm by 6cm and 6cm by 4cm hypoechogenic lesions (indicated by red arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001815,DWI axial view displaying a midbrain intensity. DWI: diffusion-weighted imaging
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001816,CT image of the abdomen: arrows point towards the closed loop (small bowel).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001817,18-Fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography demonstrating widespread fluoro-deoxy-glucose avid lesions in the proximal skeleton and small lymphadenopathies. There is no visible uptake of fluoro-deoxy-glucose in the aortic valve.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001818,"SNA angle: Retrognathic profile, SNA  85°."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001819,Chest radiograph showed left retrocardiac opacities. Cardiac silhouette appears normal.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001820,Computed tomography thorax showed left lower lobe collapse-consolidation with small pleural effusion. Minimal pericardial effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001821,CT scan in the sagittal plane showing the mass of the abdominal wall (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001822,Positive emission tomography–computed tomography scan shows focal uptake from the lower esophagus to the gastroesophageal junction.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001823,Chest X-ray showing COVID pneumonia
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001824, An abdominal ultrasound (US) showing mild diffuse fatty infiltration and a slight coarse echo pattern.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001825,"Plain CT scan of the brain showing a subarachnoid hemorrhage. CT, Computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001826,"MRI Brain on second day. MRI of the brain without contrast showing atrophy with white matter changes, however, no acute abnormality"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001827,Ultrasound image showing 1.4 × 1.5 × 1.5 cm hypoechoic mass in the lower pole of right testicle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001828,Abdominal computed tomography revealed a low-density shadow in the right scrotum (61 × 51 mm2) with local nodular enhancement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001829,"CT angiogram (axial sequence) showing ""empty delta"" sign."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001830,"Post-intubation radiograph showing endotracheal tube placement and orogastric tube just superior to the level of the diaphragm, as shown by arrow."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001831,Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) finding of pancreatic metastasis from malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast. EUS revealed a 6-cm mixed and heterogeneous hypoechoic mass in the body of the pancreas.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001832, Computed tomography of the abdomen revealing a full-thickness pancreatic transection involving the proximal tail and neck (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001833, Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography fluoroscopic view demonstrating a dorsal pancreatic ductal leak (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001834,"CT/MRI fusion at the time of radiotherapy planning is showing large residual disease in case 4. Entire T2 signal abnormality on MRI along with post-operative cavity was included in GTV. A margin of 2 cm was given to GTV to create CTV. Further a margin of 0.5 cm was given to CTV to create planning target volume. CT, computed tomography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; GTV, gross tumor volume; CTV, clinical target volume."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001835,Radiotherapy planning scan of case 3. The tumour bed clips have been identified with the assistance of the surgeon and outlined (in blue) and a 1cm margin added to create a planning target volume (in red).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001836,Coronal reconstructed CT image of the chest showing narrowing of distal trachea and main bronchi. A residual fungus mass on the carina (arrow) is seen
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001837,Posteroanterior abdomen showing the stainless steel crown
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001838,CT of the chest with SVC and subclavian thrombus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001839," Abdominal enhanced computed tomography scan showed soft tissue masses in the left renal pelvis and the beginning of the left ureter, with uniform density and moderate enhancement. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001840,"Ultrasound biomicroscopy of the right eye. This is a vertical axial cut that shows a narrowed superior angle, on the right in the image. There is a heterogeneously echogenic mass posterior to the iris that is causing anterior bowing of the superior iris. The anterior and posterior capsules appear intact, as indicated by arrows"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001841,Cranial computed tomography scan showing right basal ganglia region cerebral hemorrhage
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001842,"Schematic diagram of the disc height index (DHI). The midpoints of the upper and lower endplates of the upper vertebral body are marked as a and b, respectively, and the midpoint of the upper endplate of the lower vertebral body is marked as c, DHI = bc/ab"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001843,MRI T2 weighted image of brain showing cortical and subcortical cystic lesions with surrounding vasogenic edema in the left parietal lobe (arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001844,"CT neck with contrast scan performed post total thyroidectomy and three cycles of R-CHOP chemotherapy, demonstrating marked regression of the previously visualized thyroid lesion and resolved airway compromise."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001845,Pericardial and bilateral pleural effusions.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001846,PET/CT showing hyperlucency of the right-sided lung (arrow) in coronal view.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001847,"STT-HY, distance between skin and upper border of hyoid bone."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001848,"STT-VC, distance between skin and anterior commissure of true vocal cord."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001849,"STT-SN, distance between skin and anterior surface of tracheal cartilage at the level of suprasternal notch."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001850,MRI showed an avulsion fracture of the fibular head of the left knee and a tear at the fibular insertion of collateral lateral collateral ligament fibula of left knee.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001851,CXR at admission: right pleural effusion occupying 90% of the lung.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001852,Frontal chest CT at admission: right pleural effusion occupying 100% of the lung.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001853,"A 59-year-old lady with a 20-year history of systemic mastocytosis. Axial contrast-enhanced CT demonstrates hepatomegaly and a large heterogeneous mass with areas of arterial enhancement and heterogeneous hypoattenuating apperance on portal venous phase (circled), increased retraction of the hepatic capsule related to volume loss (arrowhead), and an abnormal heterogenous appearance of the spleen with surronding ring of hypoattenuating soft tissue (white arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001854,X-ray of the chest (lateral view) showing elevated left diaphragmatic dome in the left lower lung zone with visible bowel loops.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001855,"CT scan of the abdomen showing a large well-defined cystic lesion measuring 14.2×13.5×13.1 cm with a thin wall and areas of rim calcification at the left suprarenal region likely suggestive of suprarenal cyst with proteinaceous haemorrhagic contents with eventration of the left diaphragmatic dome. The suprarenal gland was not visualised separately on the left side, while the left lower lung lobe showed evidence of atelectasis of the lower segment. No other focal lung lesion was identified. There were no hilar, mediastinal, axillary or supraclavicular lymphadenopathy, and no pleural or pericardial effusion was noted."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001856,Ultrasound. Axial section of the upper abdomen shows a small hepatic cyst (block arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001857,Abdominal contrast-enhanced CT scan 4 months after surgery: no evidence of local recurrence.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001858,"Cholecystitis.71-year-old female with ovarian cancer presenting at emergency department with right upper abdominal pain, 12 weeks after pembrolizumab initiation. Coronal-reconstructed abdominal CT scan shows mucosal enhancement (arrow) and pericholecistic fluid collection (arrowhead)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001859,CT abdomen and pelvis - note uterus displaced by dilated bowel.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001860,"Intra-operative angiography after in situ fenestration of the LCA, it was the first branch of the aortic arch to undergo in situ fenestration."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001861,Free intraabdominal air on direct abdominal X-ray.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001862," Variations of the right hepatic vein. Coronal view of reconstructed computed tomography images demonstrating showing that the right hepatic venous confluence (orange) receives posterioinferior tributaries (PITs) from segment VI and anteromedial tributaries (AMTs) from segments V and VIII. It continues cephalad as the superior right hepatic vein (SRHV), that which consistently receives a posterolateral tributary (PLT) from segment VII. The main trunk of the RHV then empties directly into the inferior vena cava (IVC) at the hepatocaval junction. The portal vein (PV) is also visible in this reconstruction."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001863, Variations of the right hepatic vein. Reconstructed coronal computed tomography images with an arrow demonstrating the consistent posterolateral tributary from segment VII (sVII) joining the right superior hepatic vein (RSHV) to form the main right hepatic vein (RHV).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001864, Variations of the right hepatic vein. Axial computed tomography scan of the abdomen demonstrating a small right middle hepatic vein (arrow) entering the retrohepatic inferior vena cava (IVC). This cut is at the middle of the intrahepatic IVC as evidenced by the absence of main hepatic veins and/or portal bifurcation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001865,Computed tomography of the chest with intravenous contrast (coronal view) demonstrates a 4.6 × 4.0 cm right paratracheal lymph node (black star) compressing the distal brachiocephalic veins (black arrow pointing to the right brachiocephalic vein) and proximal superior vena cava (outlined by white arrows) with no evidence of thrombosis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001866,Abdominal ultrasound image showing an intussusception in the right iliac region.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001867,"CT scan after 4 courses of neochemotherapy showing the shrinking of the tumor, which made it resectable. CT, computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001868,"T2-WI imaging, coronal view. The arrow shows the identified lesion"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001869,"MRI with contrast imaging, axial view. The arrow shows the identified lesion"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001870,"Right and left gastrocnemius coronal view, respectively.Red arrows indicate areas of diffuse edema."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001871,"Chest computed tomography with lung window reveals diffuse bilateral septal thickening, compatible with venolymphatic congestion/pulmonary edema"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001872,Transthoracic echocardiogram showing pericardial effusion (calipers)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001873,"Chest radiograph (posteroanterior view).Multiple, bilateral, nodular opacities of variable size (white arrows) and cardiomegaly."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001874,"Thoracic CT scan.Thoracic CT demonstrated bilateral dispersed hypodense pulmonary nodes with peripheral halo, alveolar densification (arrows), and a large pericardial effusion (*)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001875,"2D echo showing left atrial, left ventricle and right ventricle with blue arrows showing significant mitral regurgitation"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001876,2D echo showing tricuspid regurgitation (blue arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001877,"2D echo four-chamber view showing tricuspid and pulmonary regurgitation (blue arrow with broken tail), thickening of mitral valve due to valvulitis (solid blue arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001878,CT abdomen showing 4.7-mm non-obstructing calcification in the left kidney (red arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001879,CT abdomen showing thrombus along the wall of abdominal aorta.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001880,CT abdomen showing wedge-shaped hypodensities in right kidney.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001881,Axial slice of a non-contrast CT AP with red arrows showing calcified external iliac arteries and black arrows showing calcified internal iliac arteries.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001882,"Coronal CBCT section showing landmarks for the palatal dimension measurements. The palatal interalveolar length (PIL) is the distance between the mid-centres of the cervical portion of the available tooth, from one side to the other. If there was no tooth, then the mid-centre of the alveolar bone near the crest was considered the reference point. Palatal arch depth (PAD) is the length of the line from ""P"" (junction of the nasal septum and hard palate) to the interalveolar line. The maxillopalatal arch angle (MPAA) is the angle that is formed by the lines from ""P"" to both points of the mid-centre of the available tooth or the midpoint maxillary alveolar bone for patients missing teeth"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001883,Coronal CBCT view showing the method used for identifying CB as per the criteria by Stallman et al. Line E1E2 represents the vertical length of the middle turbinate. Line F1F2 represents the extent of pneumatization caused by CB
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001884, Coronary angiogram demonstrating type 2a dissection of the mid to distal left anterior descending (LAD) artery without extension to the apex.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001885,Coronary angiogram demonstrating type 2b dissection of the distal posterior descending artery (PDA) of the right coronary artery (RCA).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001886,"Contrast‐computed tomography of the abdomen, pelvis, and thorax, with arrows pointing to right psoas muscles. Note the different sizes between right and left psoas muscle. The affected portion of the right psoas muscle is expand"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001887, The tip positions of the umbilical arterial catheter/umbilical venous catheter were in the 6th-7th thoracic vertebra.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001888,Abdominal X-ray (May 21). The range of intestinal inflation increased over previous measurements.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001889,Bilateral pneumothoraxes following breast surgery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001890,Right-sided pneumothorax with a nearly complete lung collapse in a patient following breast surgery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001891,Pleural effusion at lung ultrasound in a SARS-CoV-2 patient appears as an anechoic area (on the right region of the picture).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001892,"A CT scan with lung window settings revealing diffuse interlobular septal thickening, forming polygonal arcades."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001893,Classification indicators.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001894, Transvaginal ultrasound view of heterotopic pregnancy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001895,"Computed Tomography Scan Computed tomography coronal view showed multiple loops of the small intestine with wall thickening, edema, and hyperenhancement."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001896,Chest x-ray showing with the black arrows showing vascular congestion/pulmonary edema
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001897,Mechanical axis radiograph illustrating four-segment deformity correction with IM fixation and guided growth to achieve the desired alignment at skeletal maturity
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001898,"Axial CT image showing mural thickening and diffuse edema of the small bowel, most notably the jejunum (marked by red arrows, labeled A)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001899,Chest X-ray taken three weeks after the previous film demonstrating resolution of infiltrates previously present on the left lung and new mild infiltrates in the right middle lobe.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001900,"Sagittal brain computed tomography scan showing a giant mass lesion (>5.5 cm diameter) expanding upward to the suprasellar cistern and to the third ventricle, over-running the sphenoid sinus, and with lateral invasion of the cavernous sinus."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001901,"CT of the chest showing nodular infiltrates in both lung fields, suggestive of septic emboli. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001902,"CT of the head without contrast (axial view) was negative for intracranial hemorrhage. There was no evidence of an acute cortical infarct, mass effect, midline shift or, hydrocephalus."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001903,Initial shoulder radiograph shows joint space narrowing and subchondral sclerosis of the glenohumeral joint. Loose bodies were located in the subdeltoid bursa and subacromial bursal area.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001904,The CT scan in coronal view of the abdomen showcasing 1.3-cm duodenal filling defect (red arrow). CT: computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001905,two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography in apical 4-chamber view finding a noticeable reduction of left ventricular volume by a thrombotic materiel with calcification which also affects the mitral subvalvular apparatus
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001906,Magnetic resonance venography of the brain. 2D and 3D technique was performed to obtain imaging. The superficial and deep venous system are normal. There are some filling defects which are arachnoid granulations. There is no superficial or deep venous thrombosis. Cortical veins were normal
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001907,"Computed tomography (day 16).A computed tomography scan revealed bowel wall thickening (yellow allows) and fluid retention, suggesting intestinal ischemia. Contrast was preferred, but was not performed due to renal failure."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001908,Ultrasound findings of the liver. Ultrasound showed an oval lesion with heterogenous internal echoes and no attenuated posterior echoes (arrowheads). These findings highly suggested a liver abscess.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001909,First MRI wrongly suggestive for an aneurism along the medial side of the left cerebral peduncle
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001910,"Sectorial slight thickening of the emergence of the left third cranial nerve, with a reduced post-contrast enhancement compared with the previous exam"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001911,"Transvaginal ultrasound scan of cervix, showing length of 10.4 mm."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001912,Orthopantomogram (OPG) confirmed the microdontia of permanent mandibular incisor
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001913,Lateral X-ray of a patient with quadriceps tendon avulsion from the proximal pole of the patella. Arrows indicate the boney fragment.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001914,Transverse plan of the CT showed the bullet lodged in segment 5 of the liver.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001915,"Coronal T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging without gadolinium shows a mass with isosignal, discrete lobulated and well delimited, without infiltrative aspect, in close contact with the upper bladder wall and with the anterior surface of the peritoneum, displacing the upper intestinal loops and sigmoid colon, located in the meso/hypogastrium, extending to the left iliac fossa, and measuring 7.5x3.2x2.5cm"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001916,Non-contrast chest CT scan performed 10 days prior to venospasm demonstrating a normal-caliber brachiocephalic vein with no evidence of focal narrowing.CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001917,Transvaginal US picture of a multilocular-solid lesion with papillary projections (high-grade clear cell adenocarcinoma of the ovary).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001918,The US image of the pelvic B lymphoma shows a solid lesion with irregular and shaded margins and a color score of 4 between the urethra and the pubic bone.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001919,Pretreatment panoramic radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001920,2D echocardiographic findings demonstrating minimal pleural effusion at presentation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001921,"Five lines (A–E) of the thoracolumbar vertebrae in xray radiographs were determined. The Cobb angle was measured using the angle between the superior endplate of the vertebral body above (line A) and the inferior endplate of the vertebral body below (line B) the fractured vertebral body. The length of the line (C, D, E) was used to calculate the compression ratio."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001922,Endoscopic Ultrasonographic images using linear echoendoscope reveal a heterogeneous hypoechoic solid mass with irregular borders in the head of the pancreas.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001923,A brain magnetic resonance image showing at least 10 supratentorial lesions with the features of melanoma brain metastases.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001924,"The subsequent follow-up was negative for more than 8 months, when a magnetic resonance image revealed at least 3 new brain secondarisms (October 2019)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001925,Hospital day 1 CT head shows no clear abnormalities.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001926,Hospital day 2 T2-flair MRI. The white arrow points to cerebral edema.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001927,Hospital day 4 CT of the head. The orange triangle points to the hypodense region showing the progression of bilateral cerebral edema worse than the previous day.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001928,CT venogram of the head. The red triangle shows normal venous blood flow.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001929,Transthoracic echocardiogram. A well-defined densely calcified mass noted on the anterior mitral leaflet in the apical four-chamber view.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001930,CT scan of the chest on presentation to hospital revealing very large (14 × 14 × 12 cm) lung mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001931, Sonoanatomy of the sciatic nerve block (parasacral approach). PM: Piriformis muscle; GMM: Gluteus maximus muscle. Sciatic nerve (white arrow); Sacral bone (white arrowheads).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001932,"X-ray before surgery with progressive scoliosis, Cobb angle 95°."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001933,Portal phase coronal section image on CT showing excluded stomach distention with parietal thickening of the pylorus and antrum (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001934,Coronal section on contrast magnetic resonance showing excluded stomach distention with parietal thickening of the pylorus and antrum (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001935,Contrast-enhanced computed tomography on arrival which shows multilocular abscess cavities with a mild enhancement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001936,Lung segmentation result is marked by white contour. This lung with a large juxta-pleural tumor is segmented by the traditional method.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001937,TOE immediate postoperative showing the left coronary ostia free of obstruction with excellent flow
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001938,Ultrasonographic image of the abdominal pregnancy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001939,Baseline unenhanced CT scan showing a large right scrotal mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001940,68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT coronal fusion image showing high uptake in the left thyroid nodule and mild and diffuse physiological uptake in the right lobe
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001941,Supine chest X-ray shows patchy infiltrates in the right mid and lower zone with micronodular infiltrates. Micronodules seen in the left lower zones.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001942,Angio-CT - sagittal view - showing juxta renal aortic thrombosis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001943,A portable chest X-ray revealed bibasilar infiltrates (horizontal red arrows) with improvement and no worsening.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001944,Chest x-ray of patient 2 with right middle to lower lung opacity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001945,CT of the abdomen and pelvis Small bowel dilatation with the arrow pointing to the transition point 
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001946,"CT of the abdomen and pelvis demonstrating gallbladder mass extending into the lower margin of the liver and invading the duodenum, right hepatic flexure, and pancreatic head; extensive peritoneal carcinomatosis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001947,Panoramic radiograph showing opacification in the right maxillary sinus with root resorption of teeth
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001948,Lateral preoperative radiograph of the left knee demonstrating no obvious signs of aseptic loosening of the components.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001949,"Longitudinal ultrasound images of the head/uncinate process of the pancreas shows hypoechogenic mass (due to decreased vascularity), pancreatic adenocarcinoma until proven otherwise.Image from Radiopaedia [21]."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001950,Left breast mammogram features of granulomatous mastitis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001951,Right breast lesion visible on USS.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001952,"CT scan of the chest with contrast showed moderate pericardial effusion (yellow arrow), bilateral patchy infiltrates (blue arrow), and trace bilateral pleural effusion (red arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001953,Representative abdominal magnetic resonance image from a 45-year-old male patient with persistent purulent discharge for over 1 year following appendectomy. Arrow indicates the unclear boundary between the internal orifice of the sinus and the sigmoid colon.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001954,Axial CT image of groove pancreatitis with paraduodenal cysts and chronic calcific changes in the pancreatic head.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001955,"Renal ultrasound showing an obstructive 1.4-cm calculus at the right UPJ, causing moderate hydronephrosis"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001956,Fluoroscopic retrograde urography showing right renal pelvis dilation with a filling defect consistent with the calculus noted on sonogram
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001957,Intraoperative fluoroscopy. Stage II surgery Lisfranc injury with open reduction internal fixation and fusion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001958,Fetal lung development index: right lung area.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001959,"Abdominal enhanced computed tomography scan showing a low-density oval mass in the right adrenal gland with smooth edges, uneven density and contrast enhancement (red arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001960,Enhanced thoracic computed tomography scan showing the mitral orifice obstructed by a left atrium solid mass with uniform density (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001961, Baseline ICE image showing superior Vena Cava View. (A higher resolution / colour version of this figure is available in the electronic copy of the article).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001962, ICE image showing trans-septal needle across the FO. (A higher resolution / colour version of this figure is available in the electronic copy of the article).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001963, ICE image showing ProTrack Pigtail Wire in the left atrium. (A higher resolution / colour version of this figure is available in the electronic copy of the article).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001964,Follow up axial T1-weighted fat-saturated gadolinium-enhanced MR image showing regression of the mural and perivascular thickening previously seen in the celiac artery and its branches with the restoration of the lumen suggesting improvement of the underlying inflammatory process.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001965,Left common iliac vein antegrade venogram. Moderate–severe compression of the left common iliac vein by the right common iliac artery (dashed box). Extensive pelvic venous collateral filling is present (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001966,Anteroposterior radiograph of the pelvis showing the results of the revision surgery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001967,Postoperative anteroposterior radiograph of the hip after the second revision.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001968,Barium swallow 1 year postoperatively showing stable diverticulum with no evidence of esophageal leak.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001969,Fluoroscopy esophagogram. White arrow showing thin leak of contrast material from the inferior apex of the pyriform sinus to the left of the esophagus to the medial aspect of the indwelling Penrose drain.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001970,Post 125I seed implantation mammograms. The 125I seed was implanted inside the axillary lymph node successfully. Arrow: the implanted 125I seed.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001971,Transvaginal ultrasonography examination at 7+1 GW. *—intrauterine gestational sac; †—RGT; CSP—cesarean scar pregnancy; GW—gestational weeks; RGT—remnant gestational tissue.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001972,Abdominal radiograph showing the aggregation of button magnets in the right upper quadrant.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001973,Chest computed tomography scan showing bilateral pleural effusion and possible underlying pneumonia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001974,Transesophageal long-axis view exhibiting an image compatible to a vegetation on a bicuspid aortic valve (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001975,3D transesophageal long-axis view showing the vegetation volume and its spacial relationship with the aortic valve (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001976,Chest CT scans showed multifocal bilateral peripheral ground-glass opacities.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001977,"The right temporomandibular joint is widened. There is a large amount of multifocal lysis of the articular margins of the condylar process of the right mandible and right temporal bone, and to a lesser extent of the ventral aspect of the right zygomatic arch. There are multiple round osseous fragments surrounded by regions of hypoattenuation of the right temporal bone."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001978,Initial CT abdomen and pelvis in ED (coronal): 16 hours postop with large pelvic hematoma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001979,CT pelvis with cystogram at our hospital (axial): displaced bladder; poor cystogram without extravasation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001980,"Representative sagittal CBCT view of a mandibular second molar generated by oblique slicing module. Exemplifying the three axial levels i.e., coronal (C), middle (M), and apical (A) at which the evaluation was performed."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001981,CT abdomen and pelvis showing a markedly distended stomach and proximal jejunum with a transition zone within the rectus abdominis musculature.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001982,"Pathologic hip (classified as subluxated) examined with ultrasound the first week after birth. The dotted circle indicates the femoral head and the dotted horizontal line indicates the level of the lateral acetabular margin. Distance a is measured central in the femoral head from the level of the lateral acetabular margin to the acetabular floor (blue line). Distance b represents the diameter of the femoral head and is measured from the lateral joint capsule which equalizes the lateral part of the femoral head to the acetabular floor (white line). The femoral head coverage (FHC) is presented in %: (FHC = a / b × 100 = 33%). Red arrow points at the lateral acetabular margin, blue arrow points at the acetabular floor, whereas the white arrow points at the lateral joint capsule.Fn: femoral neck; IL: os ilium."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001983,Pelvis at 1 year. There is a normal acetabular index of 26.8° in the right hip and a pathologic acetabular index of 30.7° in the left hip. The obturator index of 0.87 (13.2/15.2).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001984,Magnetic resonance image identifying the neurovascular bundle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001985,Abdominal computed tomography showed that the end of the catheter curled in the rectus abdominis muscle and partially entered the abdominal cavity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001986,"Illustration of the tracing lines of the PA cephalometric images: (a) vertical line representing the facial midline, (b) true horizontal line, (c) occlusal plane line, and (d) tangent parallel to the true horizontal line."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001987,"Pre-operative PET-CT slice to correlate findings from Fig. 2. Within this consolidation, there is impression of a rounded abnormality on the PET component showing nodular peripheral activity (SUV Max 8.7) with central inactivity. This measures approximately 3.4 cm × 3.3 cm. The remainder of the consolidation shows no significant activity"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001988,"Portable anteroposterior chest radiograph on presentation showing right greater than left lung base airspace disease, confluent involving the right lung base."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001989,"Transthoracic echocardiogram, four chamber view. Mass depicted in the right atrium, not obstructing the tricuspid valve. RV = right ventricle; LV = left ventricle; RA = right atrium; LA = left atrium; MV = mitral valve; TV = tricuspid valve."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001990,Coronary angiogram RAO caudal view defining the vascular nature of the right atrial mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001991,Sonographic presentation of type 3 myoma and the endometrium
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001992,The unexpected left lead migration detected by X-ray. The migration was detected 5 days post-implantation as a result of traveling in a car for close to 250 km to return home. The right lead also migrated to cover the T12–L1 vertebrae.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001993,"Post implant hematoma-ultrasound right breast.On day 6 after implant surgery, the patient presented to the clinic with painful swelling of the right breast. Ultrasound image shows large mixed echogenic collection with septae and echoes (asterisks) around the implant (arrow). It was proven to be a large peri-implant hematoma that required surgical removal of the implant for symptomatic relief."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001994,Recurrence in a reconstructed breast.The patient had right mastectomy and reconstruction with an implant and LD flap 3 years ago. She presented with a vague palpable lump in her right breast. PET scan showed an fluorodeoxyglucose avid mass (arrows) in the lateral half of the reconstructed breast. The implant (asterisks) was pushed medially by the mass. Note the absent right LD muscle from its expected location compared with the normal left LD muscle (dashed arrows). The mass was histologically proven to be a sarcoma. LD = latissimus dorsi
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001995,Panoramic radiography showing the shortened root of 47/48 and an abnormal development of 48.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001996,Normal type 2 high signal in a 15-year-old girl (coronal oblique fat-suppressed T2-weighted image). Linear band of high signal along the distal third of the SIJ that extends along partially fused sacral apophyses (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001997,Computed tomography scan showing small bowel thickening with a 12 mm intraluminal radiopaque mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001998,"Magnetic resonance imaging showing a thickening of the distal ileum, extended for 7 cm, with contrast enhancement but without the presence of the fruit pit."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_001999,Example of computerized tomography image in the sagittal plane showing a coccygeal spicule (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002000,Postoperative brain CT of the patient. The left retromastoid entry point is visualized by the defect in the temporal bone. Subtotal resection of the tumor shows decompression of the CPA.CT: computed tomography; CPA: cerebellopontine angle
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002001,Mediastinal lymphadenopathy (which could be of reactive or neoplastic etiology)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002002,Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the neck (sagittal view)Amorphous calcification is seen anterior to the dens (red arrow) associated with prevertebral effusion (green arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002003,Fistulography reveals a tubular connection between the urinary bladder (B) and the umbilicus (∗).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002004,Transverse sonographic image demonstrating the right-sided heterogenous fluid collection with septations suggesting pyocele.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002005,Preoperative proton density-weighted sagittal view of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows overall high signal intensity and increased diameter of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) without discontinuity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002006,Anteroposterior view of the chest showing no evidence of pneumothorax with the atrial lead in good position while the ventricular lead is higher. This can suggest inadvertent lead placement but lateral chest X‐ray is needed for further evaluation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002007,"TEE showing two separate mobile vegetations (blue arrow).TEE, transesophageal echocardiography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002008,CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis (plain) showing a 3.2 mm calculus in the distal part of the right ureter (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002009,Postoperative panoramic radiographs
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002010,Chest computed tomography showing a 3.4 cm cavitary pulmonary nodule in the right upper lobe as clinical T2aN0M0 stage IB squamous cell carcinoma
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002011,Coronal contrasted enhanced CT scan with enteric contrast demonstrating a radio-opaque gastric band (denoted by the yellow arrow) illustrating the en face the “O” sign with the gastric band in a round or oval shape on coronal view.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002012,Coronal contrast-enhanced CT with enteric contrast showing an enlarged gastric pouch proximal to the slipped gastric band.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002013,"Points, lines and planes analyzed. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002014,Magnetic resonance scan of the lumbar spine at L3/L4.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002015,CT scan of the neck (sagittal view): extensive thrombosis of the left internal jugular vein.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002016,CT scan of the thorax (axial view) with extensive left supraclavicular lymphadenopathy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002017,"Allantoic cyst during ultrasound examination at the 13th week of gestation. Note its position within the umbilical cord and adjacent to the abdominal wall. It is avascular, in communication with the bladder and embraced by the two umbilical arteries."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002018,Orbit X-Ray after extraction.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002019,"Prerelease fluoroscopy: Amplatzer vascular plug II (AVP‐II) is positioned with two lobes into the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ampulla and one into the main pulmonary artery (MPA) and is still connected to the delivery wire. The middle lobe of the device is conically shaped, implying a good contact to the wall of the PDA ampulla"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002020,"Postrelease angiography: after device detachment, angiography over a 5‐F pigtail catheter is still showing a correct position of the Amplatzer vascular plug II (AVP‐II) and a complete closure"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002021,Placenta accreta spectrum ultrasound.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002022,Sagittal T1-weighted and axial T2-weighted cranial MRI was normal.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002023,Ultrasound Image Showing the Location of the Saphenous Nerve at Midthigh Level
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002024,"Ultrasound biomicroscopic (UBM) image of AOD500, TCPD, IT500, CBT, IC. AOD500, angle opening distance 500. TCPD, trabecular ciliary process distance. IT500, peripheral iris thickness 500. CBT, ciliary body thickness. IC, iris convex."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002025,"Lateral X-ray of the calcaneus, the avulsion fracture of the calcaneal tuberosity was displaced again, and the internal fixation failed."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002026,Calcar residual fracture gapping measurement at the medial basicervical in the AP view
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002027,76-year-old female with right hip pain following THA. T1W-SEMAC image demonstrating ‘Delee and Charnley zones’ for acetabular component and Gruen’s zone for femoral components.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002028,"Control angiography that demonstrated good stent positioning, absence of leaks, and patency of the left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery, and brachiocephalic trunk."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002029,"The thickness of the supraspinatus tendon (STT, mm) is measured between the two plus signs, indicating the superior and inferior aspects of the tendon, 10 mm lateral to the long head of biceps tendon (arrow indicates long head of biceps tendon)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002030,"Transverse section of CT abdomen and pelvis with IV contrast from the subsequent emergency department visit, demonstrating inflammatory changes consistent with diverticulitis (red arrow) and distal small bowel decompression with proximal small bowel dilation (blue arrow) consistent with small bowel obstruction"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002031,Four chambers view revealing shining chordae tendineae indicating ischemic changes.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002032, Pelvis transvaginal ultrasonography transverse images showing well-defined isoechoic uterus-like mass. M: Mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002033,MRI brain showing T2 hyperintensities at posterior and bilateral pons.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002034,Cephalic index measurement by computed tomography scan: “a” cephalic length and “b” cephalic width. Cephalic index = b/a×100.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002035,Chest computed tomography at 1 year postoperatively shows that the anterior wall of the trachea has collapsed slightly.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002036,"Measurements of intracranial fat prolapse. According to Birchall et al,6 intracranial fat prolapse is defined as a distance of orbital fat behind the boundary of superior ophthalmic fissure (red line) on axial CT image. The lateral margin of the SOF is identified at the most inner border of the sphenoid wing (green arrow), while the medial margin is indicated at the most anterior border of sphenoid body groove (yellow arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002037,CT chest with contrast demonstrating extensive random miliary nodules bilaterally with an upper lobe predominance.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002038,Pre-treatment lateral X-ray of the left leg demonstrating a sclerotic cortically based lesion in the proximal posterior tibia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002039,"Coronal view of an abdominal CT scan showing an enlarged stomach (red bracket) with the cardiac portion located in the normal position, greater curvature reaching the iliac crest (blue arrow), and the pyloric portion located below the normal position (yellow arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002040,IOUS-guided biopsy of the tumour areas having different uptake at PET-CT.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002041,"Example of “état crible” on MRI imaging.Reprinted with permission from Pati et al [ 23 ] Copyright 2018, Springer."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002042,"CT brain perfusion and angiogram on day 16, showing left MCA and ACA territories with occlusive thrombi demonstrated within the inferior division of the M2 segment of the left MCA and within the callossomarginal branch of the left ACA. There was also a complete left ICA occlusion. ACA, anterior cerebral artery; ICA, internal carotid artery; MCA, middle cerebral artery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002043,"CT brain perfusion and angiogram on day 93, showing new left distal M1 non-opacification and associated new perfusion abnormality in the anterior left MCA territory. MCA, middle cerebral artery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002044,"CT cervical spine without contrast showing unstable C7 burst fracture with retropulsion and severe cord compression.CT, Computed Tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002045,"3D MRCP image showing a slight prominence of the intrahepatic bile ducts.3D, three-dimensional; MRCP, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002046,Coronary angiogram demonstrating successful mechanical aspiration of the thrombotic occlusion found on left anterior descending artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002047,"Transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrating 2 left ventricular thrombus, one thrombi of 2.6 × 1.3 cm was attached to the anterior wall and the other of 1.2 × 0.89 cm attached to the inferolateral wall."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002048,CT scan of chest with IV contrast revealed the abscess on the left pectoral major muscle (arrow). CT: computed tomography; IV: intravenous.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002049,"Axial computed tomography scan of a patient with suspected sternal wound infection 6 weeks after cardiac bypass surgery. (a) Sternal dehiscence and non-union. (b) Fragments of broken Robicsek cerclages. (c) The sternum shows fractures within itself with torn out cerclages. (d) Substernally, next to the cerclages, sporadic accumulations of air indicating an abscess. (e) Mediastinal abscess with an ascending fistula towards the skin."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002050,Digital subtraction angiography on Day 11 demonstrates the typical “string and pearl” sign at the level of the left P1-P2 junction and distally.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002051,Imaging on day 30 shows residual narrowing of the left PCA.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002052,"Sagittal oblique bone window computed tomography image. Anterior-superior (AS), anterior-inferior (AI), and inferior (I) wall thicknesses were consecutively measured twice, as shown in the figure."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002053,Short-T1 inversion recovery (STIR) MRI of the pelvis.Red arrow indicates destructive changes of the symphysis pubis with osteomyelitis of the pubic bodies.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002054,"Cone beam CT skull for needle confirmation. Insertion of needle tip identified (yellow arrow) through foramen ovale into Meckel’s cave (white arrow), confirming proper placement."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002055,Panoramic radiograph reveals a mixed-density lesion on the edentulous postoperative region attached to the root of the mandibular right second premolar 3 years later (white arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002056,"Postoperative measurements: Both sides: Femoral offset (FO), acetabular offset (AO), vertical position of the center of rotation (COR), leg length difference (LLD); affected side: stem alignment, canal fill indices I, II and III, cup inclination, cup anteversion"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002057,Persistent enterocutaneous fistula and increased subcutaneous emphysema (delineated by the red circle).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002058,Axial T2-weighted image at the level of T3 revealed central cord hyperintensity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002059,Marginal bone loss evaluated with periodical X-ray scans was minimal.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002060,Magnetic resonance study in T1 weighted sequence post gadolinium showing a heterogeneous mass in the pelvic region (orange arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002061,The final result after two drug-eluting stents (DES) have been placed in the proximal and distal portion of the right coronary artery (RCA)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002062,Initial dental panoramic X-ray. Haziness in left maxillary sinus and thinning of left zygoma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002063,Facial computed tomography scan (axial). Extensive invasion of the left masseter possible invasion of temporalis and subcutaneous fat of the left cheek and preauricular area (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002064,Abdominal dynamic computed tomography scan. Several hepatocellular carcinoma masses in the liver (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002065, Small residual collection in the left breast.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002066,MRI scan of the gluteal region (transversal view): accumulation of poorly defined fillers in different fat layers of both buttocks (white arrows) extending from the gluteal groove to the anterolateral area of the thigh.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002067,MRI control 3 months after the aspiration: persistence of filler in unquantifiable centimetric vacuoles.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002068,CT scan of the abdomen with contrast demonstrating large retroperitoneal mass encasing the left kidney and vessels (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002069,Effacement of the airway originating at the level of the hyoid bone with near-complete effacement at the level of the thyroid cartilage and reconstitution of the airway at the level of the inferior portion of the cricoid cartilage. The top arrow shows effacement of the airway at the level of the hyoid bone.The lower arrow shows complete effacement at the level of the thyroid cartilage.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002070,Tomography of the abdomen (coronal view).Dilation of the cecum and ascending colon is observed with a maximum diameter of 113.5 mm as shown in the image.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002071,Contrast enhanced CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis in axial plain demonstrating an approximately 8 cm segment of terminal ileum which shows mural thickening and hyperenhancement. No locoregional lymphadenopathy or proximal small bowel dilatation. Small volume free fluid present.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002072,Abdominal magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) showed the presence of a 47 x 30 x 45 mm lesion at the level of the head and body of the pancreas towards the posterior region with poorly defined irregular borders. Suggestive image of neoproliferative process in the head and body of the pancreas.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002073,Apex detection (red cross and circle) and the Pentacam's elevation data (green dots) for the same corneal outer surfaces.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002074,"Intraoperative fluoroscopy demonstrates insertion of a new cephalomedullary blade along wire path, later secured via set screw tightening."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002075,MRI brain imaging showing hypoplasia of the brainstem.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002076,MRI brain axial T2-weighted image showing butterfly medulla oblongata.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002077,US bladder showed a cystic fluid-field bladder mass of 15 mm × 11 mm over the area of left vesicoureteric junction suggestive of left ureterocele.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002078,"MRI of brain report: Peg-like cerebellar tonsillar herniation 2 cm below the foramen magnum (CM1) as indicated by red arrow, associated with BI of the tip of odontoid process projecting 5 mm (green line) above the Chamberlain's line (yellow line). Otherwise no sign of hydrocephalus or intracranial mass."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002079,Three months post-operative radiograph
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002080,DTI of the direct pathway of the AF fused with anatomic T1 weighted sequence demonstrates the presence of a bilateral AF.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002081,"CT representation of the prelacrimal recess shown bounded by the anterior and medial walls of the maxillary sinus, nasolacrimal duct, and infraorbital nerve. The medial boundary defined as the bone between the pyriform aperture and nasolacrimal duct can be instrumented to provide surgical access to the anterior and inferior walls of the maxillary sinus."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002082,Chest X-ray of case #1 showing left ventricular procidentia with no sign of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002083," Abdominal plane computed tomography scans obtained 14 d before the onset of ischemic gastritis in case 1. Computed tomography revealed wall thickening, mural emphysema, and fluid retention in the stomach. The arrow shows the wall thickening. The arrowhead indicates the mural emphysema."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002084, Preoperative panoramic view radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002085,Thoracic angio-computed tomography showing a large mass inside the right ventricular.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002086,Transthoracic echocardiogram short-axis view showing a large mass inside the RV.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002087,Transthoracic echocardiogram apical four-chamber view 6 months later showed a decrease in right ventricular mass dimensions.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002088,"Axial, gadolinium‐enhanced, T1‐weighted MRI image showing abscessual evolution of a brain lesion in the pons 9 days after the onset of neurological symptoms"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002089,Unusual outpouching of contrast along the posterior aspect of the left atrium directly adjacent to the esophageal lumen.The arrow shows the location of the fistula diagnosed on CT angiography. CT angiography axial chest. CT: computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002090,"Preoperative contrast T1, axial MRI of the extra‐axial meningioma at the sellar and suprasellar region (Arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002091,"Internal carotid angiogram, lateral view, demonstrating left sided caroticocavernous fistula with early filling of the left cavernous sinus (red circle)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002092,"Repeat internal carotid angiogram, lateral view 3 months postcoiling, demonstrating resolution of fistula. The packed coils used for obliteration are visible (red arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002093,"Spleen volume measurement using computed tomography (CT) in a patient with Crohn disease. Using the Image J software, the outline of the spleen is drawn (red line) on each slice of the CT image, and the spleen area is calculated. The thickness of each CT slice is multiplied by the corresponding spleen area on the slice; summation of the volumes of all slices gives the total spleen volume."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002094,Measurement of leg length and offset discrepancy. Line A is the trans-teardrop line. Line B is the lesser trochanter line. Line C is the anatomic axis of the femur. Point X is the centre of the femoral head.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002095," Panoramic radiography, third molar retained. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002096,"Selected image in the axial section of a contrast CT of the abdomen demonstrating a large complex non-fat containing cystic mass with multiple smaller locules of cysts with enhancing septations within, suggesting a multilocular cystic mass. There is no calcification within."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002097,"Longitudinal view of the distal brachial artery at the bifurcation into ulnar artery (deep, blue) and radial artery (superficial, red). Note the occlusive thrombus to the right of the color flow just distal to the origin of the radial artery (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002098,Longitudinal view of patient’s femoral-posterior tibial graft (arrow) demonstrating echogenic thrombus inside.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002099,Post-surgical PET/CT with 18F-FDG does not show pathological uptake.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002100,"CT A/P with contrast on admission demonstrating marked splenomegaly, an ill-defined 5 × 6 cm mass within the spleen (of mixed densities some or all of which may be hemorrhagic), and moderate volume-free fluid in the pelvis, small perisplenic, and trace perihepatic."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002101,"CT A/P with contrast at 1-month follow-up demonstrating post-embolization liquefaction, overall splenic size is slightly decreased since the previous CT, measuring up to 22 cm craniocaudal versus 24 cm previously. Now large cystic component measuring 22 × 13 × 21 cm, likely relating to post embolization liquefaction. No significant perisplenic inflammatory fat stranding to suggest superimposed infection."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002102,Post reconstruction panoral X-ray (The day after surgery).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002103,Optimally filled canal obtained by Micro mega past inject
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002104,Under filled canal obtained by bi-directional spiral
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002105,Hand-wrist radiograph
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002106,Complete bone healing 3 months postoperative.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002107,"A chest radiograph revealed cardiomegaly without signs of pulmonary congestion, right bronchopneumonia."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002108,Postoperative abdominopelvic CT scan demonstrates local recurrence and liver metastasis (Arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002109,Resolution of infiltrates in the right lung.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002110,Contrast-enhanced computed tomography imaging of pulmonary sequestration. The CT scan clearly showed that the arterial supply originated from the internal thoracic artery (arrow) and extended into the mass
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002111,Showing the variables measured on the OPG.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002112,Axial CBCT section upon presentation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002113,Anteroposterior size of the lesion in axial CBCT section.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002114,"Panoramic view at 1 year postoperatively, indicating spontaneous bone fill of the defect."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002115,"A Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) of the LAD using a Promus premier stenting (2.75/24mm) (red arrow). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002116,Axial Slice of the thorax showing bilateral thoracostomy tubes and minimal fluid on the left side (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002117,"A 16 year old girl, asymptomatic with lipomatous hypertrophy of the interventricular septum. Transthoracic echocardiogram showing a large homogenously hyperechoic lesion (black arrow) in the interventricular septum."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002118,Chest computed tomography of the patient shows resolving pattern of previous involvement (bilateral multilobar peripherally dominant ground-glass opacities and consolidation in both lungs) by COVID-19 pneumonia
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002119,CT scan showing evidence of pneumopericardium consequent to the traumatic rupture of the right bronchial anastomotic line during attempted mechanical dilatation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002120,Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) shows hepatobiliary duct dilation and stones in the common bile duct (blue arrow). The main pancreatic duct dilated irregularly (yellow arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002121,Abdominal CT showed no recurrence 3 months after the operation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002122,Axial view of the abdominopelvic CT scan with oral contrast showing a well-circumscribed gastric soft tissue attenuation. P: Posterior.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002123,Coronal sections of abdominal CT images indicate small bowel dilation with fluid involving the bowel loops.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002124,Coronal sections of abdominal CT images showed a part of small bowel embedded within a thin-walled fluid-filled sac-like structure.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002125,MRI showed there is the redemonstration of a defect at the anterior aspect of the sacrum opposite the S4/S5 level with herniation of a sizable lipoma into the presacral space measuring 2.8 x 2.2 x 3 cm (blue arrow)The distended colon is seen compressing and displacing the urinary bladder anteriorly and superiorly (yellow arrow). A sacrococcygeal osseous defect is detected (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002126,Sagittal view MRI of the cervical spine. Multilevel cervical degenerative disc disease with loss of normal cervical lordosis (white arrows)Levels of mild to severe central stenosis from C4 to T1 (red arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002127,Midline sagittal CT scan of the cervical spine nine weeks after surgery. Good bone healing without any screw lucency
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002128,Pathology-proven papilloma presenting as a large retroareolar mass on ultrasound (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002129,Resolved bilateral adrenal hematoma during follow-up assessment.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002130,"Emergency Chest High resolution computed tomography scan cut, showing severe empyema and complete collapse of the left lung in a 12-year-old patient with coronavirus disease"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002131,Chest X-ray after insertion of the Pneumocath (illustrated with pointer)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002132,Example of focal dose escalation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002133,T2 sagittal MRI image of the spine showing hyperintense signal at the T6-T10 levels (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002134,"A computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen demonstrated abscess over the left lobe of the liver and a linear curve of high-density material within a mass. A 58-year-old man presented at our hospital with right upper-quadrant pain and fever. He had undergone laparotomic cholecystectomy and choledochojejunostomy 28 years prior at another hospital. He had been healthy until 3 days before his admission, when his symptoms appeared. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen demonstrated abscess over the left lobe of the liver and a linear curve of high-density material within a mass (Figure 1; arrow). The patient received antibiotics and underwent aspiration of liver abscess. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed after the symptoms and signs had subsided. ERCP depicted mild dilatation of the CBD and choledojejunostomic fistula of the middle CBD. The patient underwent a biopsy forceps, which removed a 1.7 cm curved, linear, rusty, metallic surgical suture needle containing bile (Figure 2). We examined the patient’s abdominal radiographs, which revealed that the needle was on the right side of the third lumbar spine vertebra (Figure 3; arrow). We followed up with abdominal radiography and detected no further evidence of the needle. The patient was discharged without further events."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002135,"Abdominal radiographs, which revealed that the needle was on the right side of the third lumbar spine vertebra. The symptoms and signs of a retained surgical item include adhesion, foreign body migration, visceral perforation, and abscess formation [1]. These symptoms can occur early in the postoperative period or may develop after months or years [5]. In prior instances, retained surgical suture needles were surgically removed. However, our patient developed symptoms and signs of a retained needle 28 years after his surgery, by which point the needle had migrated to the ampulla of vater, from where it was easily removed through ERCP. Migrated surgical clips, stents, gauze pieces, suture materials, and fragments of t-tubes have all been reported as retained iatrogenic foreign bodies causing CBD obstruction and subsequent sequelae [2]. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case in which a retained surgical needle migrated to the ampulla of vater. Needles comprise 0.06–0.11% of foreign bodies that are retained during surgery [7]. Preventing instances of unintentionally retained surgical materials is a critical problem. A nationwide Brazilian study of retained surgical foreign bodies reported that challenging medical situations, security protocol omission, and inadequate work conditions contributed to retained foreign bodies. Sponges are notoriously overlooked because they are routinely inserted into cavities to expose the operative field. Thus, a preventive protocol could involve the introduction of the use of sponge-holding forceps [8]. In conclusion, CBD obstruction caused by foreign bodies can be safely ameliorated through ERCP without complications noted during follow-up."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002136,"Abdominal ultrasound taken during patient admission Abdominal ultrasound is showing the gallbladder with a single solitary stone measuring 2.31 cm as indicated by the blue arrowcm, centimeter"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002137,"Lateral cephalogram–anthropometric landmarks and lines. S, sella; N, nasion; SNA, the angle between sella, nasion and point A; SNB, the angle between sella, nasion and point B; ANB, the angle between point A, and point B; Go, gonion; Co, condylion; Ar, articulare; Gn, gnathion; Po, porion; Me, menton; 1lci, 1 lower central incisor; NB, nasion point B line; FM, Frankfurt plane; MP, mandibular plane."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002138,Left lung ultrasound showing a consolidation of the lung and the absence of the normal A lines.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002139,Ovarian cyst size 3.41 x 1.84 cm
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002140,A positron emission tomographic scan performed during the acute phase revealing no argument in favour of vasculitis or infective endocarditis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002141,"Ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum (QL) block at the lateral supra-arcuate ligament. ATLF, anterior thoracolumbar fascia; ETF, endothoracic fascia; LAL, lateral arcuate ligament; TP, transverse process."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002142,"Ultrasound-guided posterior quadratus lumborum (QL) block. ES, erector spinae; PM, psoas major; TP, transverse process."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002143,Axial slice of a computed tomography abdomen/pelvis showing a large stone burden in a solitary pelvic kidney
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002144,"Coronal slice of a computed tomography abdomen/pelvis showing dilated large bowel with partial enhancement of the wall of the colon, suggestive of colitis"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002145,Coronal MRI of right shoulder. Arrow demonstrates muscular edema of the shoulder girdle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002146,Coronal MRI of pelvis. Arrows demonstrate muscular edema in the thighs bilaterally.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002147,March 2014: Tightrope placement in the left hand. The image represents the postoperative film of tightrope placement between the thumb metacarpal and index metacarpal in the left hand.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002148,X-ray of the pelvis and hip when the patient came to our attention.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002149,X-ray of the pelvis after the new osteosynthesis of the bicolumnar acetabular fracture.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002150,"showed catheter displacement leading to catheter discounts. Preoperative X-rays show signs of catheter discounts (black arrows), which were confirmed upon catheter removal after surgery (white arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002151, Microcystic serous cystadenoma of the body of the pancreas.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002152, Computed tomography shows inflammatory pancreatic pseudocyst.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002153,"Simple right ovarian cyst in a 5-week-old baby girl.Postnatal transabdominal grayscale sonography reveals a thin-walled, unilocular, anechoic cyst in the right side of the peritoneal cavity (arrow) consistent with a simple right ovarian cyst. Two small, round, thin-walled anechoic lesions are seen along the inferior margin of the cyst (arrowheads), representing ""daughter cysts."""
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002154, Abdominal ultrasound findings before treatment. The right branch of the portal vein showed evidence of a 2.1 cm thrombosis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002155," Abdominal computed tomography findings. Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography confirmed hepatosplenomegaly, with hypodensity of the right lobe of the liver, and thrombosis of the right branch of the portal vein. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002156," Abdominal computed tomography with contrast enhancement: Tumor invades segment I of the liver (longitudinal section). Ill-defined contrast-enhancing, multilobulated cystic lesion involving segments II, III, VI and VIII."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002157,Transesophageal echocardiogram of cardiac amorphous tumor within the LVOT; intraoperative TEE revealed similar findings as a TTE in the outpatient setting; the hyperechoic sphere-like lesion can be identified within the LVOT in the mid-esophageal bicaval view (white arrow); the mass was mobile and nonobstructive to the LVOT; the attachment site was not visualized clearly.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002158," The L1/2 level of the descending part of the duodenum and head of pancreas and soft tissue nodules, and the two is unclear, the computed tomography value is about 45 U, the sectional area of about 24 mm × 22 mm, uptake in the SUV, the maximum value of about 4.8, two hour delay imaging, radiation higher than before, the maximum value of 5.2 SUV, a visible display of pancreatic duct. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002159,Thyroid ultrasound showing a hypoechoic focal solid lesion with lobulated margins measuring 1.3x1.2x0.7 cm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002160,Computed tomography scan showing a hyperdense linear foreign body (red arrow) embedded in the liver.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002161,A 17-year-old girl with COVID-19 pneumonia based on positive RT-PCR test who presented with cough and rhinorrhea for 2 days. Frontal chest radiograph shows no radiographic abnormality. The patient’s serum biochemical parameters show a mildly elevated LDH level of 151 U/L
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002162,Computerized Tomography scan of the chest demonstrating focal contrast accumulation in the left lower lobe with surrounding alveolar densities. (A higher resolution / colour version of this figure is available in the electronic copy of the article).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002163,Repeat digital subtraction angiography of the left lower trunk pulmonary artery revealing obliteration of the aneurysm. (A higher resolution / colour version of this figure is available in the electronic copy of the article).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002164,"CT Angiography of the brain indicates area of relative perfusion deficits in the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory. Cerebral blood flow of left MCA territory suggestive of 6mL of core infarct with less than 30% volume, shown in yellow color within a white box."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002165,Hepatic steatosis: a 56-year-old man with the characteristic appearance of grade III hepatic steatosis lacks periportal and diaphragmatic echogenicity and poor visualization of deep portions of the liver due to increased parenchymal attenuation on ultrasonography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002166,MRI of brain with and without contrast showing right lateral frontal intra-axial heterogenous enhancing mass measuring 4.4 x 4.0 x 3.7 cm with surrounding edema and right to left midline shift
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002167,"Standard pelvic radiograph with delineated lateral femoral offset of the unaffected side (FO) and after hemiarthroplasty (FO´), femoral head extrusion index [FHEI = x/(x + y)], bipolar head extrusion index [BHEI = x´/(x´ + y´)], greater trochanteric tip hip center distance (GTHCD)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002168,CT angiogram showing opacification of the left MCA post-administration of alteplase.MCA: middle cerebral artery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002169,Post-alteplase hypodensities involving the left basal ganglia and left Sylvian fissure (left MCA territory).MCA: middle cerebral artery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002170,"T2-weighted MRI of the brain without contrast taken on day of life 14, showing bilateral outpouchings of the posterior contours of the globes consistent with posterior colobomas"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002171,CT scan after 3 cycles of chemotherapy (pemetrexed and cisplatine) showing a partial response.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002172,Contrast-enhanced axial multidetector CT angiography image reveals chronic-contained aneurysm rupture of the aorta within left ilio-psoas muscle (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002173,Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) image demonstrating severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) on initial presentation for liver transplantation (mid-esophageal 4-chamber view).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002174,Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) image demonstrating almost no tricuspid regurgitation (TR) on second presentation for liver transplantation after aggressive volume removal (mid-esophageal 4-chamber view).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002175,Frontal radiograph of right leg demonstrates multiple transverse growth recovery lines (solid arrow) and inhomogeneous density of tibial diaphysis (open arrow). These findings were not initially appreciated.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002176,Duplex ultrasound image showing pseudoaneurysm arising from its parent left IEA before thrombin injection.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002177,Duplex ultrasound image showing sclerosed pseudoaneurysm of left IEA a minute after thrombin injection.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002178,Image from transthoracic echocardiography. Image of apical four-chamber view with continuous-wave Doppler spectrum depicting severe tricuspid valve insufficiency in the setting of malcoaptation of the tricuspid valve leaflets. The tricuspid regurgitant velocity measured 2.74 m/s.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002179,Image from transthoracic echocardiography. Apical four-chamber view demonstrating malcoaptation of tricuspid valve leaflets.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002180,MRI brain with contrast showing enhancement of the splenial lesion. MRI: magnetic resonance imaging
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002181,Post-treatment orthopantomogram
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002182,Digital subtraction angiography demonstrating embolization of the gastroduodenal artery using a series of 0.035 inch metallic coils.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002183,"Abdomen/pelvis CT revealing hyperdense fluid in the stomach and OG tube in place, consistent with upper GI bleed (arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002184,Oeso-jejunal post-operative transit.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002185,MRI demonstrating macrocystic infiltrative multicompartmental mediastinal mass measuring 13 × 12 × 17 cm suggestive of a lymphatic malformation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002186,Volume-rendered two-dimensional imaging showing the left subclavian artery occlusion (yellow arrow) and the primary thoracic aortic mural thrombus (yellow arrowheads).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002187,Angiogram showing the intra-aortic filling defect (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002188,Angiogram showing graft deployment with descending thoracic aortic thrombus exclusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002189,"CT-Abdomen with IV contrast. Coronal view demonstrating large, 7.5x8.3x10.0cm heterogeneous solid mass in solitary left kidney. Stent in place (white arrow), indicating compressed and arched ureter superior to the mass."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002190,Angiography of right coronary artery following insertion of four stents showing good contrast flow.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002191,Sagittal computed tomography coronary angiography slice showing right coronary artery with aneurysm between two coronary stents with associated pericardial effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002192,Ultrasonography shows heterogeneous hypoechoic mass with hyperechoic septum in the intermuscular space between erector spinae and trapezius muscles. Ultrasonography guided biopsy was performed with semi-automated co-axial needle. The specimen notch (arrowheads) located in solid enhancing portion based on MRI.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002193, Displaced supracondylar humerus fracture of the right elbow on plain X-ray.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002194,CT scan of facial bones showing complete opacification of the left mastoid air cells with extensive fluid in the left middle ear
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002195,"Abdominal and pelvic computed tomography (CT) showing right sided dilated ureter (red arrow) and a stable, left sided renal mass (white arrow). "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002196,"Mid-esophageal view with omniplane angle of zero degrees showed the highly mobile mass extending from the right atrium, involving tricuspid valve, and extending to the right ventricle; the mass is marked by the arrows "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002197,Computed tomography (CT) imaging demonstrating bilateral scapular body fractures.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002198, Three-year follow-up angio–computed tomography scan.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002199,"Real time image of ultrasound guided dorsal penile nerve block with in plane technique. CC = corpus cavernosum, CS = corpus spongiosum, DPN = dorsal penile nerve, LA = local anesthetic."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002200,Computed tomography scan of the chest showed diffuse airspace opacities within the lungs bilaterally
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002201,A mesenteric arteriogram confirming stenosis of the celiac artery (Red Arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002202,Ultrasound showing a cystic mass of the right seminal vesicle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002203,CT scan confirming right renal agenesis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002204,Coronal CT image demonstrating an obstructive thrombus (arrow) seen in the superior mesenteric artery. CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002205,"Methods for measuring the ROIs. The ROIs of the tibialis anterior muscle (blue square), soleus muscle (green square), and medial head of gastrocnemius muscle (yellow square) on a T2-weighted image. TA: tibialis anterior muscle; SOL: soleus muscle; GAS: gastrocnemius muscle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002206,CT scan of the brain with hypodensity in the left anterior temporal pole
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002207,MRI of the head with extensive confluent vasogenic edema within the bitemporal lobes
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002208,"Axial view of CT-Angiogram on presentation, revealing hilar and infrahilar lymphadenopathy"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002209,Axial view of CT-Angiogram from presentation showing several metastatic lesions in the liver
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002210,Axial CT of the abdomen showing the right adrenal mass in Patient 2 (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002211,"Follow-up PET CT scan 20 weeks after complete remission of the lesions showed hypermetabolic right para-aortic, left retroperitoneal, and right retrocrural lymph nodes."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002212,"Preoperative enhanced computed tomography finding. A 5 cm mass on the left lateral neck, and skin thickening with central ulceration is seen (blue circle)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002213,Preoperative transesophageal cardiac echocardiography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002214,A 49-year-old man with 11C-choline-PET/CT-proven oligometastatic CRPC treated by IMRT. Dose distribution of intensity-modulated radiation therapy on the radiation therapy planning system. The prescribed radiation dose was 70 Gy for metastatic left obturator lymph node and 52 Gy for left internal and external iliac nodes in 30 fractions.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002215,TTE (parasternal long-axis view) showing an increasing pericardial effusion measuring 1.33 cm (marked by two white stars).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002216,T2 sagittal image showing spondylosis at the C4-5 level with normal T2 cord signals
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002217,MRI Coronal image revealed right well-capsulated intranasal mass with T2-weighted hyperintense myxoid and cystic components
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002218,Contrast CT abdomen: Prominent serpiginous enhancing structures within (arrow) representing prominent tortuous vessels. Contrast extravasation was absent
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002219,"Axial T2 MRI of the left shoulder demonstrating hyperintensity throughout the infraspinatus muscle, consistent with myositis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002220,Ultrasound of the neck with color Doppler revealed a vascular structure containing turbulent blood flow. It measured 2.9 x 1.2 cm and appeared partially thrombosed with communication with the venous system.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002221,Computed tomography angiography demonstrating 70% stenosis of the celiac artery upon inspiration.CA = celiac artery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002222,"Postoperative esophagogram, showing anastomosis of the esophagus (white arrowhead). There was no noted stenosis at the anastomosis site"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002223, Left adrenal hematoma seen in the initial computed tomography scan.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002224,Axial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) image. Confluent hyperintensities involving the subcortical and deep white matter along bilateral frontoparietal regions (green arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002225,32 year old man with thymoma and myasthenia gravis. Contrast-enhanced CT shows right prevascular mediastinal mass (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002226,69 year old woman with thymic carcinoma. Contrast-enhanced CT shows left prevascular mediastinal mass (arrow) with small calcific focus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002227,"Transverse view of the frontal branch of the Superficial Temporal Artery, demonstrating a halo sign, as indicated by the anechoic region (green arrow) surrounding the inner Doppler (red arrow) signal."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002228,CT report of abdomen and pelvis. Cystic mass in the right adnexa of uterus (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002229,"Pretreatment computed tomography of neck soft tissue with contrast, axial image shows right internal jugular vein compressed to a slit by a large heterogenous jugulo-digastric mass."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002230,Peripherally enhancing region in the conus medullaris (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002231,Measurement of leg length discrepancy (LLD) on a standing pelvic anteroposterior radiograph
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002232,Coronal T1-weighted MRI sequence showing hypointense 35 mm × 33 mm clivus mass extending to partially encase cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery (green arrow).MRI: magnetic resonance imaging
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002233,"Panoramic radiograph showing a radiolucent lesion in the left posterior mandible, between second premolar and first molar"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002234,"Contrasted supra-aortic trunk angiotomography, coronal cut"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002235,"Contrasted supra-aortic trunk angiotomography, axial cut at common carotid artery level"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002236,Graft-stent colocation in the right common and internal carotid arteries (C1)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002237,"Cardiac catheterization on postoperative day 3. Right anterior oblique (RAO) caudal angulation view shows the left main (LM), left anterior descending (LAD) and left circumflex (LCx) arteries and its branches."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002238,Diffuse osteopenic changes and fractures of ribs (marked more on left hemithorax shown by arrowhead).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002239,Arrows point to multiple hypodense lesions in the spleen
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002240,Arrow points to enlarged spleen
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002241,Axial CT image in bone window at the level of the paranasal sinuses showing narrowed pyriform aperture stenosis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002242,Pre‐operative panoramic reconstruction
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002243,"CT scan showing pancreatic body transection involving the duct (Red arrow), with distal pancreatic edema"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002244,Positive coronal LCL sign (red arrows) in magnetic resonance imaging
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002245,"T2-weighted MRI in axial view at the level of the midbrain displaying the molar tooth sign, which is created by a combination of deep interpeduncular fossa, slender superior cerebellar peduncles and enlarged IV ventricle. The midline cerebellar vermis is severely hypoplastic."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002246,"CT showing right middle and lower calyx stones (the longest diameter: 36 mm, the average CT value: 798 Hounsfield unit)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002247,Abdominal ultrasonography showing a small prostate of heterogeneous echogenicity associating hypoechoic foci and hyperechoic calcifications with acoustic shadowing consistent with a tumor of the prostate.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002248,Aortic dissection.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002249,Image of T2.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002250,"Result of the angioplasty of the LAD I/ LAD II and OM2 branch, with three stents after pre-dilatation with a non-compliant balloon.LAD I: left anterior descending artery first segment; LAD II: left anterior descending artery second segment; OM2: second obtuse marginal artery.  "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002251,Acute re-thrombosis of the LAD and OM arteries (left anterior descending artery is marked by red arrow while obtuse marginal artery is marked by blue arrow).LAD: left anterior descending artery; OM: obtuse marginal artery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002252,"Axial CBCT image shows the reconstruction planes for the different reformatting projections: (a) Cochlear view reformat parallel to the basal turn of the cochlea, (b) Mid-modiolar view reformat perpendicular to the cochlear view plane"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002253,"Coronal CT image.Selected computed tomography image of the upper abdomen in the coronal plane demonstrating the contrast-filled stomach (arrow) rotated along its vertical axis, conferring the diagnosis of organoaxial gastric volvulus."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002254,Diaphragm thickness at end-expiration (L = 0.24 cm) was measured from the middle of the pleural line * to the middle of the peritoneal line **. Thin arrow = fibrous center line. Large arrow = acoustic shadow generated by rib.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002255,"July 2020 MRI sagittal 3DFLAIR, before starting regorafenib treatment."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002256,Anteroposterior radiograph of the right knee.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002257,Six zones of the tibial plateau in a patient who underwent epiphysiodesis using tension band plates.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002258,"Chest X-ray of patient 2 after intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy. Red arrows show areas of increased lucency in the right hemithorax with several air-fluid levels, 72 hours after intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002259,Chest X-ray of patient 3 prior to intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy. The red arrow shows a large left-sided pleural effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002260,"NCCT-KUB (bone window, axial section) showing SSD.Three lines are drawn from the skin surface - horizontal (5.2 cm), vertical - 6.1 cm, and line making 45° angle with both - 5.1 cm. Mean SSD is 5.4 cm."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002261,Soft tissue lesion extending into the inferomedial aspect of the left orbit displacing the globe anteriorly (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002262,"Intraoperative selective angiography showed the renal artery (RA), the renal artery aneurysm (RAA), and the inferior vena cava (IVC). The black arrow showed the orifice of the inferior segmental renal artery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002263,Improvement in pneumothorax after placement of chest tube (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002264,Computed tomography scan in transverse section: massive narrowing of the right ventricle by a septal haematoma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002265,"CT head revealed no signs of meningeal or intracerebral enhancement to suggest an intracranial abscess or cerebritis, but it suggested significant opacification in the paranasal sinuses, particularly in the ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses, most likely indicating a minor post-operative haemorrhage."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002266,"A transverse radiolucency line is visible on the lateral cortex. This is an incomplete PAFF, that may eventually progress to complete."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002267,Focal arterial dissection along with thrombus extending upward in the descending thoracic aorta approaching the distal arch as seen on CT angiogram. CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002268,Aortic dissection as seen on CT angiogram. CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002269,Extensive aortic dissection extending into the iliac arteries
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002270,"CT scan showing that tumour reduced to 6 cm, containing an air cavity (white arrow) and communicating with the duodenal lumen (arrowhead)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002271,Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated complete remission of lesions in the bilateral middle cerebellar peduncles on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002272,"Abdominal X-ray of our patient.Red arrow: Dilated transverse colon, 7.7 cm in diameter."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002273,MRI T2-weighted sagittal view of the cervical spine showing increased T2 signal within the dorsal aspect of the cervical spinal cord from C2 to C5
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002274,MRI head showing pituitary tumor
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002275,MRI head post transsphenoidal surgery shows a very small residual tumor
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002276,MRI shows small residual pituitary tumor
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002277,"Lateral left knee X-ray revealing significant effusion (arrow), remarkable for septic arthritis"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002278,Parasternal long-axis view on transesophageal echocardiography revealing a large aortic valve vegetation (1.5 × 1.4 cm) and paravalvular abscess involving the aortic root
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002279,MR image to show how locus coeruleus (LC) signal intensity (SI) is typically calculated as a contrast ratio using the pons tegmentum as a reference are (blue circle). Regions of Interest are placed around the LC (green circles). The average SI of the mean right LC and mean left LC (LCSI) minus the mean signal of the pons tegmentum (SIPT) divided by the signal intensity of the pons tegmentum: (LCSI –SIPT)/SIPT provides the contrast ratio.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002280,AP radiograph in a patient with recurrent instability. The cup inclination of 29 degrees is outside the so-called safe zone.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002281,Visualization of the measuring procedure in CT-slices. Figure depicts measurement in buccal-oral axis. The outer contour of the tooth is determined as the interface between the hyperdense structure of the tooth and the hypodense structure of the desmodontal gap.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002282,Plain radiography showing a peripheral osteoma involving the mandibular body.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002283,CT scan showing the incidental finding of a small osteoma located in the floor of the left maxillary sinus (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002284,"Thoracic CT angiography in coronal view, showing a superior vena cava obstruction determined by thrombus (arrow) around indwelling leads"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002285,A Patient 2 - Chest X-ray on admission
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002286,Measurement of the glenoid height in the superior-inferior direction on the coronal slice.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002287,An erect X-ray chest showing no gas under right dome of diaphragm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002288,Postoperative limited field of view on a scanogram for the CT scan.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002289,Radiograph chest posteroanterior (PA) view shows a left basilar opacity representing bowel gas suggestive of a hiatal hernia
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002290,Case 1 transthoracic echocardiogram subcostal view.The arrow indicates dilated right ventricle comparable in size to the left ventricle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002291,MRCP coronal T2 haste image showing the 11-mm stone in the gallbladder neck.The arrow indicates the stone in the gallbladder neck.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002292,Results of chest computed tomography (day 1) showing right lower lobe infiltration
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002293, Chest computed tomography showing the bilateral lung frosted shadows and pleural effusions.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002294,Nodule formation. Two nodules measuring 41 × 44 mm and 53 × 47 mm formed a continuous mass from the base of the tongue to the left buccal region
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002295,Barium meal follow-up of the patient showing luminal obstruction of the small bowel
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002296,"Abdominal computed tomography demonstrating the “whirlpool sign” over the jejunal branches of the superior mesenteric vessels (asterixis) with the feeding jejunostomy tube in place (arrows). In fact, if we conducted POCUS immediately after the physical examination, as an extension of the physical examination, we could obtain the final diagnosis faster without waiting for laboratory tests and symptom relief. This is where the real usefulness of POCUS lies—in speeding up diagnosis and management. Owing to how crowded and busy the emergency department is, many physicians order laboratory studies just after taking patient history and conducting physical examinations without POCUS. If the patient does not have a peritoneal sign and laboratory tests are not abnormal, physicians will screen for abdominal pain. If any of the above changes or abdominal pain persists or worsens, the physicians will arrange an abdominal CT for further confirmation. Abdominal CT has been shown to reduce early return visits [26]. However, if a patient suffers from a vascular emergency such as superior mesenteric artery dissection [27] or abdominal aortic aneurysm [28], “waiting for the laboratory tests” will result in a disaster, due to interventions being delayed. Moreover, abdominal pain is the leading presenting symptom, which accounts for 31% of the symptoms among patients who spend >4 h in the ED [29]. If we perform POCUS immediately after taking the patient’s history and conducting a physical examination, we will obtain the impression earlier, and it will help us to obtain the correct disposition faster. Moreover, it will help to create more order in the emergency department. It may help to relieve overcrowding in the ED and decrease inpatient mortality, the length of stay, and the costs for the admitted patients [30]. However, there is still no direct evidence for this. In the literature, there is only evidence that POCUS could reduce the disposition time in patients with dyspnea [31] and deep vein thrombosis [32]. Feeding jejunostomy is a common surgical procedure for enteral nutrition. However, complications that require re-exploration and that can be life-threatening may develop. Common complications include tube dislocation, abdominal wall or intra-abdominal infection, gastrointestinal symptoms, bowel necrosis, pneumatosis intestinalis [33], fluid and electrolyte imbalances [34], enteral migration [35], and intussusception [36]. Small-bowel volvulus, which refers to the torsion of the alimentary tract, is a rare complication of changing the jejunostomy tube [33,37]. A patient with volvulus may present with abdominal pain, abdominal distension, constipation, nausea, or vomiting. The characteristics of whirlpool signs (mesenteric vessels that have a whirling or spiral shape) can be detected via POCUS [38] or CT. Although abdominal CT is considered the optimal tool for diagnosis [39], POCUS can detect specific and dynamic signs of small-bowel volvulus [38] with no radiation, contrast exposure, lesser expenses, and higher availability. Patients who present with small-bowel volvulus should obtain immediate surgical consultations. If left untreated, it may eventually lead to catastrophic bowel ischemia, necrosis, and perforation [40]. Our case illustrates that abdominal pain immediately after jejunostomy tube insertion is a sign of life-threatening iatrogenic small-bowel volvulus with a characteristic “whirlpool sign”, which may be detected by POCUS. The pain may be mimicked by benign colic or traction pain caused by the tube. If we performed POCUS as an extension of the physical examination, we would obtain the final diagnosis faster. In addition to the utilization of POCUS in ED patients with abdominal pain, this review identified whether POCUS could reduce the disposition time, length of stay in the ED, and number of return visits for patients with abdominal pain in the ED, as an area for potential policy research and future exploration."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002297,"Aortic arch window, 1 anterior chest wall muscle thickness at the midclavicular line, 2 interior scapula and 3 exterior scapula muscle thickness in posterior chest wall, 4 erector spinae muscle thickness."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002298,"Chest CT in bronchiectasis patients, above the aortic arch."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002299,"Chest CT in bronchiectasis patients, twelve thoracic vertebra level."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002300,"Chest CT in comparators, above the aortic arch."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002301,"Chest CT in comparators, twelve thoracic vertebra level."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002302,"CT image of patient selected for laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy via anterior approach. L Liver, T Tumor, SMV Superior mesenteric vein, SMA Superior mesenteric artery"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002303,Neck CECT (coronal view) showing a large non-enhancing cyst (yellow arrow) compressing the thyroid lobe (red arrow) reaching to the superior mediastinum (green arrow at the arch of aorta).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002304,"Utilizing the subcostal four-chamber view, a massive thrombus is encased in the right atrium concerning for an impending potential pulmonary embolism. RV: right ventricle; LV: left ventricle; RA: right atrium; LA: left atrium"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002305,"Line a is the femoral shaft axis; line b lies along the bottom of the femoral implant. Implant sagittal insertion angle = 90–α, (+): flexion, (–): extension."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002306,The patient’s head CT scan demonstrating a cross-sectional measurement of the temporal fat pad (TFP).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002307,Fractal dimension analysis process. A. Region of interest. B. Blurred image of the cropped and duplicated region of interest. C. Subtracted blurred image from the original image. D. Addition of a grey value of 128 to each pixel location. E. Binarization. F. Erosion. G. Dilatation. H. Inversion. I. Skeletonization.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002308,CT scan of abdomen (coronal view without contrast) shows: liver is enlarged with diffuse fatty infiltration; gallbladder is normal without any intraluminal calculus; adrenals and pancreas are unremarkable; spleen is enlarged and measures 26 cm with homogenous texture.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002309,Coronal computed tomography image demonstrating freeair.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002310,Various approaches to epidural steroid injection. (A) Transforaminal approach. (B) Parasagittal interlaminar approach. (C) Interlaminar approach. (D) Oblique interlaminar approach.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002311,"Positron emission tomography-fluorodeoxyglucose (PET-FDG) showed small amount of right pleural effusion associated with diffuse pleural thickening, resulted as slightly absorbing (red cross)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002312,Transversal CT scan of a horse with bilateral idiopathic suture exostosis involving both nasolacrimal ducts. Reactions of sinus mucosa and skin are only mild.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002313,"CT scan - coronal plane. The hematoma in the left retroperitoneum was of size 170 x 125 x 120 mm, attached to the left musculus psoas major, with present active bleeding"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002314,"CT scan - axial plane. The hematoma in the left retroperitoneum was of size 170 x 125 x 120 mm, attached to the left musculus psoas major, with present active bleeding"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002315,Computerized tomography scan of the thorax with contrast.Showing bilateral retro-areolar fatty lesions consistent with gynecomastia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002316, Pre-operative AP view radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002317,"Chest X-ray at the presentation showing hyperinflated lung, patchy reticular multifocal opacities in the right apex, right hilum, and left base (white arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002318,The chest X-ray indicates a small right apical pneumothorax (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002319,"Chest X-ray obtained after apical chest tube removal, large right-sided pneumothorax (white arrow) with flattening of the right mediastinal structures and mediastinal shift to the left (black arrow). Findings suggestive of tension pneumothorax."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002320,CT scan of the chest without intravenous contrast obtained prior to patient's transfer to another acute care facility showed moderate right-sided pneumothorax (black arrow) with bilateral ground-glass opacities indicative of infection/pneumonia (white arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002321, Follow-up magnetic resonance cholangiopancreotography (MRCP): axial image showing small remnant cyst (black arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002322,"Intraoperative C-arm view. The left superior and inferior calyces were normal, the middle calyces were spherically dilated, and the diverticulum was attached to the renal pelvis"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002323,Sagittal magnetic resonance imaging scan of 6 years old boy with neurenteric cyst. There is a vertebral malformation. There is cystic expansion of the spinal cord. At surgery the contents of the cyst were mucinous.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002324,"Sagittal magnetic resonance imaging scan in a case of Currarino syndrome demonstrating a presacral cyst (long arrow) and low lying spinal cord (short arrow), there is sacral dysgensis. The child was born with imperforate anus."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002325,"A 43-year-old female with dysmenorrhea.Axial T2 weighted imaging shows a typical image finding of a ‘kissing ovary’. The bilateral ovaries (arrowheads) and the rectum are concentrated at the point of the torus uterinus, suggesting strong adhesion among these structures."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002326,"Computed Tomography Chest. CT Chest shows multiple patchy consolidations throughout both lungs, some of which are cavitating and are located primarily at the periphery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002327,"Coronal plane of MRI T2 sequence, demonstrating the bilateral slight reduction in the cochlear nerve signal. MRI, magnetic resonance imaging."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002328,CT head: showed Age-related parenchymal involutional changes including dilated ventricular system.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002329,Preoperative examination.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002330,Contrast-enhanced CT appearance of the hydatidiform mole
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002331,Transoesophageal echocardiogram demonstrating flail anterior mitral leaflet.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002332,Transoesophageal echocardiogram demonstrating posteriorly directed eccentric jet of severe mitral regurgitation including flow reversal into the left lower pulmonary vein.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002333,"Nolla’s developmental stages 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 in permanent premolars. Stage 5—crown almost completed; Stage 6—crown completed. Stage 7—1/3 root completed; Stage 8—2/3 root completed; and Stage 9—Root completed with the apex open."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002334,Focal pulmonary thromboembolism at small branch of the left lower lung basal lateral segment.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002335,X-ray of the lower limbs (part of the skeletal survey): anteroposterior view showing a high and narrow hip (blue arrow and line) and a flat acetabulum (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002336,"Shoulder X‐ray: in the right upper lobe, a well‐circumscribed mass is observed (orange arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002337,"and Video S2: A color flow ultrasound of the same mass as Figure 1 shows swirling flow in the mass, which is consistent with the arterial flow as presented in Figure 2 and video S2. A uterine artery aneurysm was diagnosed based on the finding of active swirling blood flow in the saccular-like sac connecting the uterine artery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002338,"Abdominal CT scan on the fifth day. The CT revealed a giant esophageal hiatal hernia.CT, computed tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002339,Echocardiography on the 17th day. The echocardiography revealed microbubbles in bilateral cardiac cavities.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002340,"Contrast CT scan on the 17th day. The CT revealed gastric wall thickening.CT, computed tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002341,Emergency bedside chest radiography showing features of pulmonary edema with a normal cardiac silhouette during the ICU period
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002342,Illustration of various Gruen zones in the proximal femur.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002343,The Subacromial SpaceLongitudinal view of the supraspinatus as it traverses the subacromial space between the acromion process and humeral head. The subdeltoid and subacromial bursas may become inflamed and lead to impingement syndrome.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002344,"MRI sagittal view postenhanced was unremarkable. MRI, magnetic resonance imaging."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002345,"Axial chest computed tomography angiography image at the level of the pulmonary trunk, identifying the air-fluid level in the lumen of the pulmonary trunk (arrow), compatible with gas embolism. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002346,"Thoracic computed tomography angiography image in the axial plane at the level of the right ventricle, identifying the air-fluid level in the right ventricular lumen (arrow), compatible with gas embolism."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002347,Measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter by ultrasonography. Axial images of the orbit were acquired in the plane of the optic nerve. Optic nerve sheath diameters were measured 3 mm posterior to the optic nerve head (A–B).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002348,Chest x-ray showing bilateral infiltrates
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002349,CT Head showing normal architecture
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002350,Axial MR T2-weighted image showing a well-defined lesion (arrow) with high signal intensity seen in the left Sylvian fissure.MR: magnetic resonance
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002351,MRI findings at the time of presentation – homogenously enhancing solitary mass centered in the right midbrain and right cerebral peduncle measuring 2.3 cm × 2.6 cm × 2.5 cm
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002352,Orthopantomogram view showing maxillectomy at the left maxillary bone after surgery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002353,Sagittal MR image demonstrating the slice orientation for sequences in the condylar plane. The slices are placed in an oblique frontal orientation perpendicular to the palmar/plantar joint surface of the distal condyles.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002354,PET/CT demonstrating a mass (4.9 cm × 4.0 cm) in the medial aspect of the left kidney with hypermetabolic activity in the range of metastatic disease.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002355,Coronal view of CT scan at initial presentation. White arrows represent fluid collection surrounding the right submandibular gland.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002356,"Axial view of CT scan on hospital day 5Axial view of CT scan on hospital day 5 showed multiple fluid collections (white arrow) extending from the right submandibular space into the right carotid space, right prevertebral space, and the right retropharyngeal space. In addition, the chest CT showed communication of the right neck collections crossing midline and below the thyroid into the retropharyngeal space and inferiorly into the anterior and middle mediastinum compartments. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002357,Sagittal view of the CT scan on hospital day 5White arrows represent fluid collection from descending infection.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002358,Innumerable bilateral reticulonodular opacities throughout both lungs with areas of consolidation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002359,Chest X-ray anteroposterior view demonstrating left pleural effusion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002360,"Computed tomography of the chest demonstrating calcifications in the left lower lobe of the lung, suggestive of microaspirations (red arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002361,CT of the abdomen and pelvis with contrast (coronal view).Showing multiple diverticula (yellow triangle) involving the jejunum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002362,CT of the abdomen and pelvis with contrast.Showing jejunal diverticulum with thickened walls and marginal stranding of the mesenteric fat (pointed yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002363,Transcatheter aortic valve replacement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002364,"The final follow-up X-ray showed the correction was greatly maintained, the kyphotic angle was only 2.6°, and the anterior vertebral height was almost normal."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002365,Gross tumor volume and the intended clinical target volume planned standardly in the preoperative setting.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002366,Gadolinium-enhanced coronal T1-weighted 1.5-Tesla MRI images of the brain showing mandibular nerve enhancement in the left foramen ovale (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002367,Computerized tomographic pulmonary angiogram showing dilated right ventricle and atria with atelectasis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002368,Chest X-ray showing single-chamber implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002369,Transabdominal ultrasound measuring the placenta edge to be 2.76 cm from the internal cervical os.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002370,Distance measurements. Yellow: McRae line (distance between the anterior and posterior margins of the foramen magnum); red: extent of tonsillar descent; green: maximum median diameter of the fourth ventricle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002371,Positron emission tomography with 18-fluorodeoxyglucose that shows increased uptake in the liver.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002372,Chest x-ray Anteroposterior view - Left basilar opacity and elevation of the left diaphragm (indicated by the arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002373,Venography: Patient (ICD 195) undergoing venography at follow-up.* Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; black arrow: right atrial and right ventricular leads;+ indicates extensive collateral veins; white arrow: central vein stenosis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002374,Venography: Patient (ICD 47) undergoing venography at follow-up.* Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; black arrow: right atrial and right ventricular leads;+ indicates extensive collateral veins; white arrow: central vein stenosis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002375,Findings on CT. Solid hepatic mass with 4.4 × 3.0 cm in segment II infiltrating gastroesophageal junction structures.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002376,Input image (benign).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002377,Input image (malignant).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002378,"Bilateral T2-FLAIR periventricular and deep white matter signal abnormalities seen on the axial image of the brain, which given the patient's clinical history, are consistent with chronic demyelinating disease. Signal abnormalities are indicated by the red arrows.FLAIR - fluid attenuated inversion recovery"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002379,T2-weighted MRI scan 14 weeks post re-exploration following tension pneumosyrinx
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002380,"Chest X-ray showing right diaphragmatic elevation due to liver abscess. There was only mild hepatomegaly on abdominal examination as the liver has expanded upward, which can be clearly seen in the chest X-ray."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002381,Transabdominal ultrasound image of catheter puncture during TAS.Arrowheads: tip of the shunting catheter. TAS: thoracoamniotic shunting
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002382,The tip of the catheter was transmitted to the pleural space.Arrowheads: tip of the shunting catheter
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002383,Right adnexa with Doppler flow.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002384,Left adnexa with Doppler flow.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002385,Renal ultrasound performed on day 19 of hospital admission showing a nodular heterogeneous lesion in the left kidney (middle third) with a diameter of 24 mm × 22 mm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002386,An Amplatzer™ Duct Occluder was percutaneously inserted between the right atrium and the ascending aorta. LAO 26 Caudal 2.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002387,Coronary angiography shows a thrombotic filling defect in the middle left anterior descending artery. RAO 10 Cranial 20.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002388,MRI brain on admission. The right orbital mass (blue arrow) exerted a local mass effect on the lateral rectus muscle and the posterior lateral globe. The left orbital mass (red arrow) exerted a mild mass effect on the lateral rectus muscle. MRI: magnetic resonance imaging
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002389,Posttransplant computed tomography scan taken at 7 days after transplantation. The portal vein reconstruction appears to be smooth streamlined with resolution of variceal collaterals. An arrow indicates the anastomosis site of the interposed vascular conduit and the superior mesenteric vein-splenic vein confluence.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002390,Anterior-posterior chest radiograph of a 48-year-old male with respiratory distress and altered mental status.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002391,Abnormal septal bounce consistent with constrictive pericarditis physiology
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002392,Abdominal ultrasound imaging demonstrating a heterogeneous solid and cystic lesion 75 × 53 mm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002393,Initial chest x ray on 10 September 2020 which showed pleural effusion and pericardial effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002394,Accumulation of thrombus burden in the left iliac vein (arrowhead).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002395,Chest X-ray on POD9
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002396,PET/CT image (preoperative) PET/CT: positron emission tomography/computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002397,Portable chest X-ray revealing bilateral consolidation with left-sided effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002398,CT scan—heterogeneous mass involving distal ileum; inflammatory changes of the mesentery were also observed.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002399,Transverse section of CT scan of the chest showing cavitary lesion on the right upper lobe
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002400,"Completion venogram showing complete thrombosis of the venous aneurysms (arrows), lack of filling of varicosities, and resolution of proximal compression of the left common iliac vein (CIV) after stenting (arrow head)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002401,Chest X-ray obtained after surgery showing full resolution of the anterior diaphragmatic defect.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002402,Screening mammogram showing hyperdense right breast and focal asymmetry (shown by red arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002403,Ultrasound of right breast showing subareolar hypoechoic mass measuring 0.8 x 0.7 x 0.8 centimeter.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002404,Plain radiograph of the shoulder (Axial view) showing joint space widening and acromioclavicular joint osteoarthritis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002405, Postoperative radiograph showing the enlarged tibiofibular clear space and medial clear space.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002406,Radiograph of the left upper limb.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002407,Chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images reveal thickening of the pericardium with mild pericardial effusion. No definite evidence of pulmonary nodules and associated pleural effusion. Neither bronchiectasis nor areas of air-trapping was showed
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002408,"Head MRI shows well-defined lobulated soft tissue mass noted at the anterior left cheek subcutaneous area, with low to iso signal intensity"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002409,CT scan of abdomen/pelvis showing portal vein thrombosis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002410,Colle's distal radial fracture
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002411,Long parasternal view of the heart on TTE showing large pericardial effusion. TTE: transthoracic echocardiography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002412, Endoscopic ultrasound-fine needle aspiration. Fine needle aspiration of inhomogeneous oval lesion located on the border between head and corpus of the pancreas (26.6 mm × 21.5 mm).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002413, Endoscopic ultrasound-fine needle biopsy. Fine needle biopsy of the focal lesion in the pancreatic head (42 mm × 38 mm).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002414,Prerevision AP pelvis illustrating periacetabular radiolucency without any other obvious signs of malalignment or positioning.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002415,Six-month postoperative AP pelvis illustrating stable components without loosening or other complication.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002416,Tiny gas pockets noted close to the anterior margin.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002417,Chest X-ray in the PA view showing a large hiatal hernia with gaseous distention of the intrathoracic stomach.PA: Posterior anterior.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002418,CT angiogram of the chest demonstrating large hiatal hernia with air-fluid levels in the axial plane.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002419,Chest X-ray in the anteroposterior view demonstrating right lower lobar consolidation and right-sided hiatal hernia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002420,Abdominal CT showing reduced size of the spleen after ERT (2021).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002421,Fluoroscopic image. Obturator oblique view showing the position of Ballast™ screw (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002422,Control angiography after embolization shows persistent small haemorrhages (red arrows) supplied by fine intrahepatic collateral vessels. The colour version of this figure is available at:
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002423,"Chest X-ray shows pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, and mild cardiomegaly (arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002424,Pre-operative lateral cervical X-ray.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002425,"In a 66-year-old male with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma at cT. 3N. 0M. 0, the preoperative thoracic contrast-enhanced CT scans depict the gross tumor volume obtained by manual delineation along the margin of the abnormal esophageal wall slice-by-slice, and the gross tumor volume is 12.83 cm3. During the follow-up period, there was no recurrence as shown on follow-up CT after radical esophagectomy."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002426,Abdominal X‐ray
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002427,Inversion recovery short axis showing lack of LGE after anti-inflammatory and cardiac treatment (January 2021).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002428,"The breast mammogram (cranio-caudal view) showing an interval development of a suspicious grouped microcalcification in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast, Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System 4C. A Anterior, P Posterior"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002429,"Computed tomography angiography (CTA) axial view, demonstrating aortic ulceration with pseudoaneurysm and intramural hematoma extending through the aortic wall"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002430,Coronal view CTA demonstrating aortic ulceration with pseudoaneurysm and intramural hematoma extending through the aortic wall
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002431,Tomodensitométrie cérébro-faciale montrant un processus tumoral gingivale gauche au contact du corps mandibulaire. Cerebrofacial computed tomography showing a left gingival tumor process in contact with the mandibular body
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002432,Barium swallow demonstrating 1.1-cm ZD.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002433,Short segment of small bowel with inflammatory signs and localized free peritoneal fluid (CT scan).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002434,"Well-defined large pelvic thick-walled cystic lesion not clearly separable from the ovaries measuring approx. (9.7 × 14.5 × 13.7) cm (white arrow) with fat (white asterisk) fluid (black asterisk) level and a multiple Rokitansky soft tissue nodules (red arrow) at the junction of fat fluid level. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002435,Transthoracic echocardiogram with contrast shows 2 mobile echo-density masses in the left ventricular apical region measuring 1.8 × 1.2 cm (red arrow) and 1.0 × 0.5 cm (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002436,Axial contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan image showing filling defect in the pulmonary trunk. The mass shows extremely limited enhancement by contrast medium and it was originally reported as a big thrombus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002437,Radiographic image demonstrating left hip dislocation (white arrow) after 6 weeks of ipsilateral knee stabilization.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002438,Chest radiography showed the anomalous path of the pacemaker electrode implanted by the left internal jugular vein.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002439,CT soft tissue neck with contrast showing salivary gland tumor centered within the left parotid gland with stranding of the surrounding subcutaneous tissues including the preauricular area as well as inflammatory changes extending toward the cartilaginous segment of the left external auditory canal with associated narrowing.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002440,CT scan of the abdomen with contrast showing a 1.6 cm hypodense lesion in the left lobe of the liver.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002441,"A patient with a large volume of pleural effusion with complete effacement of cardiac silhouette, indistinct pulmonary vasculature and marked difficulty assessing pleural margins and mediastinum"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002442,"The mediastinum has a large soft tissue mass with rounded caudal and lateral margins causing severe deviation of the mediastinal structures (trachea, oesophagus) and lung lobes with complete effacement of the cardiac silhouette. This patient had mediastinal lymphoma"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002443,"Rounded and contracted pleural margins secondary to chronic fibrosis is often described in cats with pyothorax. This cat represents the classic chronic chylothorax pleural margin abnormalities; however, this was not a predictive sign of chylothorax in our cohort"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002444,A 3D color Doppler en face view of the device of a patient with type C lesions demarcating the crescent-shaped nature of the leakage (white arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002445,"Superimposition of lateral cephalograms at initial stage, 12 months after BAMP therapy, and 24 months after BAMP therapy. The superimposition was based on the cranial base."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002446,"A preoperative T2-weighted magnetic resonance image from a 59-year-old male patient who was admitted to our hospital owing to ‘headache for 1 year, and aggravated headache for 1 week’. The image shows ventricular enlargement and bilateral frontal horn oedema."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002447,"In this follow-up computed tomogrpahy image acquired 1 month postoperatively, the shunt position at the ventricular end remained accurate. Ventricular enlargement was reduced. The frontal horn oedema was no longer visible, and the patient’s headaches were alleviated."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002448, Right hip X-ray film after total hip arthroplasty.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002449, Follow-up right hip X-ray film 6 mo after total hip arthroplasty. X-rays revealed that the acetabular inclination and anteversion were well maintained and showed signs of periprosthetic bone growth without clinical manifestations of implant loosening compared with postoperative observations.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002450,"An example of an annotated image patch assigned as good quality. The left maxillary canine is painted in yellow, and the adjacent outlines of the neighboring teeth are traced in pink"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002451,Externally rotated AP radiograph of the right shoulder and upper-arm. Short arrows indicate the tumoral mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002452,Axial CT scan showing right lower lobe consolidation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002453,Chest X-ray showing diffuse right lung consolidation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002454,"Patient number 4: CT of the abdomen, arterial phase, axial image- thick – walled hemorrhagic cyst of right adrenal gland with strong capsule-contrast enhancement (thick arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002455,"Patient number 7: CT of the abdomen, venous phase, axial image – right adrenal lesion with solid-cystic appearance (thick arrow), central area of fluid attenuation, with fluid-fluid level (thin arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002456,CT angiogram of right coronary artery with dense calcification of its mid portion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002457,"Warthin tumor (papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum). On axial FDG PET_CT, a Warthin tumor of the right parotid is a hypermetabolic nodule (white arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002458,"An adequate MLO view with (a) pectoralis to nipple level, (b) relaxed with an angle > 10°, (c) nipple in profile, and (d) visualized retroglandular fat."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002459,"Chest computed tomography. Contrast computed tomography findings in chest pain unit with left ventricular apical pseudoaneurysm. LV, left ventricle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002460,"Technetium-99 m pertechnetate showing uptake (arrow) of ectopic gastric mucosa in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, confirming the diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002461,"Digital angiography showing a contrast extravasation (arrow) from one of the branches of the superior mesenteric artery, confirming a bleeding Meckel's diverticulum."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002462,"Selected STIR sequence of MRI both legs.It shows high signal intensity multiple lesions involving both tibias.STIR, short tau inversion recovery"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002463,Axial slice of a CT with contrast of the sinuses demonstrating complete opacification of parasinuses and nasal cavity with aggressive osseous changes (white arrow) and diffuse fat stranding with concern for invasive sinusitis with pre- and post-septal orbital tissue involvement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002464,CT scan of the abdomen shows no masses to suggest abdominal malignancy
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002465,X-ray of the chest shows absence of osteolytic lesions on the ribs
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002466,CT of the lumbar spine not suggestive of osteolytic lesions
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002467,Echocardiography showing a broadened sinus of aorta
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002468,Computed tomography scan showing localized wall thickness of the sigmoid colon in the right groin.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002469,CT imaging showing a sagittal view of the intramural hematoma tracking proximally from the arch of the aorta and distally (red arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002470,CT imaging showing an axial view of the intramural hematoma surrounding the lumen of the aorta (red arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002471,T2 weighted sagittal MRI image showed involvement of retrocervical region as a site of DIE with some adhesions in the posterior cul-de-sac
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002472,T2 weighted sagittal MRI image showed involvement of Torus-Uterinus as a single site of DIE
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002473,Right knee. Fat-saturated T2 MRI slice illustration: (1) gracilis (2) semitendinosus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002474,The right ulnar nerve (under forearm) of normal people shows “honeycomb” in cross section.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002475,The left sciatic nerve (inferior margin of gluteus maximus) of normal people shows” honeycomb” on the transverse axis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002476,Fluoroscopic image of the bioprosthetic valve fracture of the 23 mm Mitroflow using a 22 mm True balloon.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002477," Non-contrast CT shows a large hepatic cyst, 17 × 12 × 17 cm in dimensions, in segment four of the liver. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002478, T1-weighted magnetic resonance image during sclerotherapy shows homogeneous high-intensity fluid of the hepatic cyst.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002479,CT of the chest with contrast in the coronal plane showing small right-sided non-tension-type apical pneumothorax.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002480,Barium esophagogram showing the normal contour of the esophagus without any evidence of irregularity or leak.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002481,Chest radiograph in the anteroposterior view demonstrating no evidence of a pneumomediastinum or pneumothorax.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002482,"MRI imaging of the left thigh showing posteromedial mass, with arterial blood supply from branches of the deep femoral artery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002483,"This figure demonstrated radiographic parameters on a whole spine lateral radiograph. LL lumbar lordosis, PI pelvic incidence, PLK proximal local kyphosis, PT pelvic tilt, SS sacral slope, SVA sagittal vertical axis"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002484,Postoperative lateral view at three months
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002485,CT scan of the pelvis showing the air within the bladder wall in addition to the air-fluid level indicating air within the bladder lumen
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002486,CT scan of the pelvis done after eight days of antibiotics showing improvement in the air within the bladder wall
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002487,"Coronary angiogram of the right coronary artery (RCA) in left anterior oblique (LAO) projection after withdrawal of the catheter, clearly demonstrating the anomalous right circumflex artery (RCX) with proximal thrombotic occlusion (arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002488,CT-scan of the abdomen. Coronal-view CT scan of the abdomen reveals a large abdominal mass measuring 10 × 8 × 10 cm without lymphadenopathy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002489,MRI T2-weighted image of the pelvis showing a 7.3 × 5.4 × 4.5 cm testicular mass consisting of a cystic solid tumor (arrow) as well as normal testicle components (dashed line arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002490,post-operation radiograph showing significant correction in bowing of legs
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002491,Ultrasound long-axis view of the hip as it is visualized during injection. Star = anterior rim of acetabulum; * = femoral head; white arrow = femoral neck; red arrow = joint capsule.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002492,Follow up ultrasound of the bladder showing complete resolution of the pelvic mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002493,"A coronal CT image of a ureteric stent in situ showing encrustations. Case courtesy of Dr Chris O’Donnell, Radiopaedia.org"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002494,Initial chest computed tomography scan showing opacity in the left lower lung zone at admission.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002495, Computed tomography images revealing multiple nodules and patchy images in the right lung.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002496,Plain chest X-ray showing a right sided heart.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002497,Coronal section of Cerebral MRI in FLAIR sequence showing: Hyper signal of the mammary bodies
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002498,Digital X-ray of the abdomen in upright position revealing no evidence of air/fluid level
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002499,"Grayscale US of the abdomen using a superficial probe (7.5 Hs) revealing large pelvic-abdominal heterogeneously solid mass lesion measuring about 10.8 × 6.8 × 7 cm along its maximum CC, TS, and AP diameters, respectively (arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002500,Post-contrast axial image in venous phase showing heterogeneous enhancement of the mass (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002501,"Post-contrast coronal reformatted image in venous phase showing the mass involving the ascending colon, which shows marked enhancing mural thickening and hepatic flexure (arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002502,"Coronal measurements with line 5 representing tibial axis and line 6 representing implant axis. Line 5 is made by the bisection of lines 1 and 3, and line 6 made of the bisection of lines 2 and 3."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002503,Reconstructed lateral cephalogram from ultra low dose-low dose CBCT
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002504,Chest x-ray after axillary intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) placement. The cranial IABP radiopaque marker is seen in the descending aorta at the level of the left mainstem bronchus (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002505,MRI of abdomen with lobulated intra-abdominal mass (yellow arrow) posterior to stomach (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002506,A chest radiograph antero-posterior view - poorly inflated lungs with bibasilar fibro-atelectatic changes and bilateral pleural thickening.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002507,A chest radiograph antero-posterior view - worsening bilateral infiltrates indication acute infectious process.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002508, Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a low density mass in the upper abdomen proximal to the spleen (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002509,CT neck sagittal view showing area of calcification posterior to the odontoid process (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002510,"Abdominal and pelvic computed tomography (CT) revealed that an irregular pancreatic shape in the abdominal cavity, with the normal pancreatic duct. Blurred fat space around the pancreas, and there was little effusion in the abdominal and pelvic cavity."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002511,An axial postcontrast T1W fat sat showing a right hypertrophied diaphragmatic crus indenting the proximal right renal artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002512,Coronal reconstruction of contrast-enhanced CT demonstrates wall thickening of the terminal ileum (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002513,"Tip of the peripherally inserted central catheter was found in the right atrium, which was too deep and hence the patient was likely to be harmed."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002514,Postoperative MRI shows good tightening of the plantar fascia and the repair of the previous lesion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002515,Axial abdominal CT angiogram showing free air in peritoneal cavity (white arrow) secondary to perforated duodenum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002516,"CECT scan of the abdomen. CECT: Contrast-enhanced computed tomography, IHBR: Intrahepatic biliary radicals. White arrows represent the grossly dilated IHBR"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002517,32 year old G3P1A1 GA 22 + 5 weeks with “blunt” instead of taper “pointed” penis tip (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002518,Axial view of a blunt bulbous penis tip (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002519,Third degree hypospadias with typical “Tulip” signs (circular).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002520,Injection in hydrostension procedure guided by ultrasound (in plane projection). The red line pinpoints the direction of the needle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002521,MRI of the abdomen with contrast. Arrow is demonstrating pancreatitis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002522,Initial echocardiogram (apical window) revealing global enlargement of all four cardiac chambers.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002523,"Cervical sagittal parameters. (1) Cervical curvature, Jackson physiological stress curve: two lines are drawn parallel to the posterior edge of C2 and C7; the angle between the two represents the curvature of the cervical spine (a). (2) C2-7 Cobb's angle, the angle between C2 and C7 lower end plate tangent (b). (3) C2–C7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA), the horizontal distance between the back angel of C7 upper end plate and the vertical line of the geometric center of C2 vertebral body (d)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002524,The contouring process of the m. quadriceps femoris for MV estimation of the individual muscle heads.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002525,Pelvic magnetic resonance images showing a solid mass of about 2.4 cm * 3.5cm * 3.4cm on the right side of the pelvic region (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002526,"CT scan with contrast at time of presentation to the emergency department. Gas fluid collection was noted to measure up to 13 cm in length, 6 cm in width, and 5 cm in height. Findings concerning for abscess/pyometra."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002527,Costophrenic angle blunting (arrow) in chest X-ray 6 months after SSRF with VATS
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002528,MRI scan showing chest wall deformity and rib fractures
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002529,Ultrasound of the left ankle showing the posterior tibial tendon (TP) on top of the medial malleolus. D flexor digitorum tendon
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002530,"MRI showing the posterior tibial tendon on top of the medial malleolus. TP tibial posterior tendon, D flexor digitorum tendon, VN neurovascular bundle, H flexor hallucis longus tendon, P long peroneal tendon"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002531,Cardiac gated computed tomography coronary angiography showing recessive right coronary artery (RCA) with no filling of contrast due to ostial occlusive lesion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002532,Magnetic resonance imaging 1 week after contrast-enhanced computed tomography showing the tumor emboli extending to the confluence of the superior mesenteric vein/splenic vein
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002533,A follow-up CT of the neck and thorax (axial plane) revealing a healing tracheal laceration (green arrow).CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002534,Computed tomographic scan of a 9-month-old German shepherd dog with multifocal bronchiectasis of unknown origin. Left of the animal is on the left side of the image. (A) Severe dilation of the lobal bronchus in the center of the left caudal lung lobe can be appreciated. The right caudal lung lobe has a larger volume compared to that of the left one and has normal tapering bronchi to the periphery. (B) Severe saccular dilation and lack of tapering to the periphery of the lobal bronchus of the right cranial lung lobe can be appreciated.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002535, An esophageal view by the trans-thoracic echocardiogram which represents a large atrial thrombus extended to the right ventricle crossing the tricuspid valve
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002536,Chest radiograph demonstrating asymmetrical right pleural effusion with cardiomegaly and pulmonary congestion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002537, MRI of cervical spine showing chronic severe spinal canal stenosis at levels C4-C5 and C5-C6 secondary to degenerative change with spinal cord atrophy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002538,"CT scan of December 28, 2020 representing a lymph node and pleural progression."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002539,Right upper quadrant ultrasound revealing an unremarkable appearing gallbladder with no evidence of gallstones or wall thickening.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002540,The lumbar cross-section via CT scan (the unilateral approach).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002541,The lumbar cross-section using CT scan (the bilateral approach).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002542,CT angiogram of the chest (axial view)Note the pseudoaneurysm inferior to true aortic lumen with the arrow pointing toward the thrombosed component.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002543,Patient with rheumatoid arthritis in clinical remission. The ultrasound image shows the third metacarpophalangeal joint with grade 2 synovial hypertrophy and grade 2 Doppler activity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002544, Enhanced magnetic resonance imaging showing an abnormal signal in the nasopharynx with obvious enhancement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002545,High-resolution CT (HRCT) chest done on day 4 showing ground-glass opacities in bilateral lung fields
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002546,"Abdominal computed tomography performed on August 4, 2019, at the first signs of septic shock. The image shows marked infarction of spleen with air bubbles and diffuse dilatation of small bowel loops without a transition point."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002547,Axial MRI T2-weighted image showing abnormal bilateral high T2 cord signal in the dorsal columns over a relatively long length. The location of the signal abnormality and the length of the cord involvement are consistent with subacute combined degeneration of the cord (blue solid arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002548,Ultrasound image of soleus in transversal section. In red: cross-sectional area (CSA).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002549,"Lateral thoracic radiograph of a dog showing a large round shadow, occupying most of the caudal pulmonary field. The shadow was diagnosed as a primary solitary lung neoplasm in autopsy and was identified as adenocarcinoma in the histopathological examination."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002550,Whole spine X-ray of a patient with Osteogenesis Imperfecta and infected with COVID-19 showed severe scoliosis and Cobb’s angle of 70 in the thoracic curve.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002551,Pelvic incidence (PI) is measured by identifying the center of the femoral heads on the relevant sagittal images (circles) then the midpoint between these identified on the midsagittal image to define the bicoxofemoral axis. PI is the angle then subtended by a line from the bicoxofemoral axis to the middle of the sacral endplate and a line drawn perpendicular through the center of the sacral endplate. The line from the bicoxofemoral axis to the midpoint of the sacral endplate provides the distance of the pelvic thickness (PTH) in millimeters. a)PTH=100.5 mm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002552,Femoro-sacral posterior angle utilizes the bicoxofemoral axis as described and is defined as the angle subtended by a line from the bicoxofemoral axis to the posterosuperior corner of the sacrum and a line along the posterior border of S1.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002553,Sacral kyphosis (SK) is measured as the angle subtended by a line drawn through the center of the sacral endplate and the middle of the inferior endplate of S1 and a line drawn through the middle of the superior endplate of S2 and middle of the inferior endplate of S4. The measured value is subtracted from 180º to provide the SK value: positive values indicate SK while a negative sacral lordosis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002554,Mean values shown for pelvic incidence (PI) and sacral table angle (STA) in patients without spondylolysis with measures demonstrated on computed tomography from a patient without spondylolysis (PI solid line; STA dashed line).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002555,Ultrasonographic image of the distended gallbladder with anaechoic content. The gallbladder wall appears thickened and irregular
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002556,Dilated common bile duct in long axis. In the lumen a linear structure delimitated by two parallel hyperechoic lines is visible in this ultrasound image
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002557,"Procedure followed for the measurement of lateral antral intraosseous canal (LAIC) location in edentulous patient. Lower border of the LAIC (A), lowest point of the residual alveolar ridge (B) used for measurement of distance (C)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002558,Coronal T2-weighted MRI image shows bilateral hyperintense masses (white arrows) at parapharyngeal space with heterogeneous contrast enhancement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002559,MR angiography showing aortic stenosis (arrow) at the thoracoabdominal transition in a 20-year-old patient with Takayasu disease.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002560,"High-frequency ultrasound with Doppler shows epidermal thickening, hyperechogenic round structures (arrow), dermal fibrosis, and increased vascularization.My Lab Touch, 22 MHz linear transducer."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002561,Axial CTA demonstrating celiac artery dissection (arrow)CTA: computed tomography angiography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002562,"Coronal CTA demonstrating multifocal areas of SMA and IMA branch narrowing and dilation (arrow).CTA: computed tomography angiography, SMA: superior mesenteric artery, IMA: inferior mesenteric artery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002563,"Periapical radiograph, showing bone destruction in the area of the absent third molar and around the second molar, reaching the maxillary sinus, and widening of the space occupied by the periodontal ligament around the first molar."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002564,Ventriculography: akinesis/dyskinesis of the inferior segment of the left ventricular apex and normal kinesis of the remaining segments.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002565,Physiological uptake of [68Ga]Ga-DOTATOC. An imaging protocol based on EANM guidelines was used [9]. A 145MBq bolus of [68Ga]Ga-DOTATOC was injected and imaging performed after 60 min.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002566,Chest x-ray showing mildly enlarged cardiomegaly with signs of pulmonary artery hypertension and biatrial enlargement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002567,"Acetabular frontal inclination and femoral stem position. Pelvic anteroposterior radiograph. The acetabular inclination corresponds to the orange angle between the acetabular piece contour (orange circle) and the transichiatic line (dotted yellow line). Additionally, note that the acetabular piece is aligned (green line) with the bottom of teardrop shadow (dotted black curve). The femoral stem should be placed in a neutral position (blue line). A slight valgus (red line) can be tolerated, but varus (yellow line) should not occur."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002568," Method of wear measurement with center of rotation (red), boundaries of the cup (blue) and head (orange) and line for measurement of inclination angle (black). A: Widest distal part of inlay; B: Narrowest proximal part of the inlay."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002569,"Contrast-enhanced computed tomography. In the contrast-enhanced computed tomography, there is no evidence of pulmonary embolism. However, a contrast-opaque area on the intimal side of the left ventricular inferior wall can be seen (indicated by the black arrows)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002570,Setting the reference axis. The line connecting two points (white circles in the image) was set as the reference axis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002571,Lateral radiograph of the proximal tibia after surgical removal of the T-plate
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002572,Pseudonodular element in right lobe.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002573,The ultrasound of the right upper quadrant of the abdomen shows multiple stones along the gallbladder without associated gallbladder wall thickening or pericholecystic fluid.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002574,The ratio of apical vertebral (AV) deviation was calculated as the distance from the midpoint of the AV to the convex thorax (line ac)/the distance from the midpoint of the AV to the concave thorax (line bc): ac/bc.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002575,"Progressive erosive osteodystrophy in Patient 1 at 6 years. Resolution of the acute changes seen in Figure 1. Development of a progressive erosive osteodystrophy with erosion of the heads and necks of the ribs, erosion of the lower part of the iliac bones, erosion of the ischial and pubic bones and of the femoral necks."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002576, Computed tomography angioplasty after 1 yr showed the internal carotid artery was patent without restenosis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002577,CT-scan of the heart with a communication of the left ventricle with aneurysm
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002578,"Postprocedure chest radiograph showing satisfactory IPC placement in chronic right hydropneumothorax (marked by red arrow). IPC, indwelling pleural catheter."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002579,Preoperative panoramic x-ray.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002580,The lateral cephalometric radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002581,"Axial high-resolution CT demonstrates extensive bilateral peribronchovascular consolidations with air bronchograms, as well as scattered small nodular opacities."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002582,"Coronal high-resolution CT image demonstrates extensive bilateral peribronchovascular consolidations with air bronchograms, as well as scattered small nodular opacities."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002583,Panoramic radiograph showing radiolucency located in the anterior region of the mandible below the teeth apices
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002584,Periprosthetic fracture (A according to Vancouver classification) treated with cerclage wire.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002585,Computed tomography. Yellow arrow: bladder There are no findings in the bladder that would raise suspicion of a tumor.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002586,Panoramic X-ray of four-year follow-up.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002587,Preoperative axial T1-weighted MRI showing the extent of the subcutaneous CSF collection
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002588,Postoperative sagittal T1-weighted MRI showing no residual subcutaneous CSF. Note the openly communicating tumor bed and posterior horn of the lateral ventricle
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002589,Postoperative coronal T1-weighted MRI. Red arrows point at the location where the circular outlet of the ringed vascular graft can be seen
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002590,"Magnetic resonance imaging of pelvis STIR sequence with contrast of the 65-year-old male with perianal actinomycosis. At 12:00, there is an intersphincteric and extrasphincteric 8 mm fluid collection which continues with a small tract to the right side of the buttock up to the subcutaneous surface around 8 o’clock."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002591,Image of lateral cephalometric radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002592,Sagittal CBCT section showing the six sites at which the mucosal thickening was measured in dentate study subjects. The mesial and distal sides of the second.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002593,Coronary angiography performed at Day 14 showing extensive multiple significant stenoses of the right coronary artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002594,Follow up CT scan (2 months).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002595,"Coronal CT image showing the appendix (arrows) herniating to the right inguinal hernia.CT, computed tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002596,High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan showed redemonstration of an extensive PE with right ventricular strain. PE: pulmonary embolism
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002597,Chest CT findings of a 56-year-old female patient: axial non-contrast CT section through lung base1 cm diameter right middle lobe nodule
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002598,Chest PET-CT findings of a 56-year-old female patient: axial PET-CT section through lung base1 cm diameter right middle lobe hypermetabolic nodule
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002599,"Echocardiogram, modified four chamber view: The tumor in RV has been enlarged occupying the majority of the chamber."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002600,"Femoral Facial Syndrome in a 42-year-old FemaleAsymmetric femoral hypoplasia with completely absent right femur and dislocated right fibula and tibia. Dextroscoliosis of thoracolumbar spine with posterior fusion fixation metal hardware. In addition, bilateral shortened upper extremities are evident with dislocated left radial head and left ulna open reduction internal fixation hardware. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002601,Axial CT scan of the abdomen shows an area of low attenuation in the region of portal vein suggestive of portal vein thrombosis (red arrows) and submucosal fat attenuation and signs of inflammation in the visualized portion of the colon suggestive of burned-out colitis or inflammatory bowel disease (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002602,Showing the dislodged chemo port catheter looped in RA with tips in RV on fluoroscopy.RA: right atrium; RV: right ventricle
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002603,Showing the Amplatz gooseneck snare being closed to catch the wire.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002604,Showing the repositioned catheter with an accessible tip in the IVC.IVC: inferior vena cava
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002605,Gastric antrum filled with fluid; A: anteroposterior dimension; Ao: aorta; B: craniocaudal dimension.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002606,"HRCT from 2007. The scan is showing apical lung cysts and paraseptal, bullous and centrilobular emphysema. Areas without emphysema or lung cysts are affected by ground glass opacities."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002607,M-mode of the patient’s pre-operative echocardiograph with left ventricular measurements.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002608,"Magnetic resonance imaging for the spine in the axial plane. Magnetic resonance imaging (T2-weighted axial view) at the level of L5 shows short thickened pedicles (arrows), extremely decreased transverse diameter of the spinal canal (asterisk) and thickened laminae (arrowheads)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002609,Brain MRI FLAIR axial view. Brain MRI fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR): hypodense area; Red arrows: fat drops; Bright white area: ventricular ependymal enhancement and hyperintense areas.  
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002610,"Coronal view of CT abdomen pelvis without contrast showing mild right hydronephrosis. Note the pelvicalyceal dilatation of the right kidney, whereas the left kidney is completely decompressed"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002611,Coronal view of non-contrast CT abdomen pelvis showing bilateral hydronephrosis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002612,Nephrostogram showing no filling defects
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002613,Coronal view of CT urogram showing no evidence of hydronephrosis on either side with normal contrast excretion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002614,Computed tomography scan of the chest is significant for a filling defect within the left atrium that measures approximately 3.6 × 1.6 cm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002615,"CT scan result (test group, No. 4 pig), prone position"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002616,FLAIR axial images demonstrating high signal alterations in the splenium of the corpus callosum
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002617,FLAIR axial images demonstrating high signal alterations in the dorsal pons
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002618,Axial view of abdominal CT revealing intersigmoid hernia with arrow indicating the leading point.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002619,Doppler study demonstrating uterine arteriovenous malformation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002620,trans abdominal sonography showing endometrial thickness of 21 mm
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002621,Dilated lateral ventricles.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002622,The dilated occipital horns of the lateral ventricles are demonstrated. The hyperdense shadow of the aneurysm clip is also observed in the left cerebral hemisphere.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002623,T2-weighted brain MRI showing contrast-enhancing space occupying the lesion in the suprasellar compartment.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002624,MRI demonstrating increased T2 and FLAIR signal in cortical and subcortical regions of the parietal and occipital lobes.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002625,"Example of a tortuosity assessment of the left anterior descending artery. The angles of all colored curvatures were measured to assess tortuosity: 1Blue curvature = 100°, 2Black curvature = 125°, 3Red curvature = 150°. In this case there was moderate tortuosity."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002626,"Arterial and venous enhancement seen at CTA. The red arrow shows the arteries that run to the periphery without narrowing or obstruction. The blue arrows indicate veins that accompany these arteries. If the enhancement is simply an error caused by differing rate of contrast medium injection and CT scan timing, the superficial and deep veins on the contralateral side would show enhancement; however, in this case, deep veins on the affected side showed earlier enhancement than did those on the healthy side. CTA = computed tomographic angiography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002627,Ultrasound of common bile duct.Dilation of common bile duct to 0.9 cm. Arrow shows dilation of the common bile duct to 0.9 cm as it abuts the gallbladder. CBD: common bile duct.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002628,The supersonic shear wave imaging for lumbar multifidus stiffness measurements based on average pixel intensity within two regions of interest (5 mm diameter).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002629,Axial computed tomography image. Selected computed tomography axial image of the abdomen with intravenous contrast in the port venous phase demonstrating complete fatty replacement of the pancreatic parenchyma (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002630,"Axial T1W and PDFS MRI images, showing reduction of the right ischiofemoral space compared to the left"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002631,Lateral View in a Patient Diagnosed with Ehler-Danlos Demonstrating Patella Alta.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002632,The measurement of lateral intrascaphoid angle (LISA) as the acute angle between the yellow lines from sagittal computed tomography images of the scaphoid.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002633,Lateral chest X-ray. Yellow arrows: pneumomediastinum
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002634,Lateral chest X-ray: one week follow up. Normal reading
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002635,"Axial PET-CT scan (tracer 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose) showing intraspinal tracer uptake at the level of the seventh thoracic vertebra, clearly separated from the lung primary.PET-CT, positron emission tomography-computed tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002636,"Axial contrast-enhanced T1 TSE MRI at the level of the primary lung tumor.The tumor invades the spine and the spinal canal at the right-hand aspect of the spinal cord.MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; TSE, turbo spin echo"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002637,MRI of the brain. Red arrows show the subtle scattered punctate foci of T2 prolongation in the left parietal lobe
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002638,The lateral cephalic radiography shows skeletal Class III due to mild maxillary macrognathism.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002639,Computed tomography portovenogram showing the long tail of pancreas with tip of pancreatic tail extending up to splenic hilum (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002640,"Image showing stable right frontal lobe lesion, which was unchanged from previous MRIs a month ago, likely metastasis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002641,Angiographic visualization showing transarterial chemoembolization through the posterior division of the right hepatic artery (black arrows) towards segment VIII (projected over segment VII). Note the previously placed coils in the veno-venous collaterals (red circle).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002642,Representative CT image of the abdomen showing ascites.Green arrows indicate the location of ascites.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002643,"Pelvic CT showed a tumor that looked like a functional left ovarian cyst, which measured about 2.8 cm."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002644,"Radiographic measurements of cortical thickness, femoral diameter and length of distal cement mantle"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002645,Ultrasound examination revealed an intrauterine gestational sac with alive 8 weeks embryo and a caesarean scar defect of 10 mm length involving the entire anterior lower myometrium thickness.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002646,"CT ImageAxial image of CT scan in late arterial and early venous phase showing a 4x5 cm collection adjacent to the mid descending colon and proximal jejunal loops with multiple small air bubbles representing a bowel perforation and an infected collection (arrow).CT, computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002647,2D image during endodontic treatment.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002648,Facial MRI showing an involvement of the orbicular muscle by the metastatic process
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002649,"Computed tomography angiogram obtained 1 week postoperatively, demonstrating substantially decreased fluid around the ascending aorta"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002650,"Computed tomography angiogram at 18 months’ follow-up, essentially demonstrating no residual perigraft collection"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002651,Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen showing a 15 × 13 × 10-cm mass (red arrow) in the pancreatic head accompanied with a dilated pancreatic duct.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002652,Pneumothroaces at the apex seen here with the pneumomediastinum and bilateral infiltrates
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002653,Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of abdomen (sagittal view) showing enhancing collection with aerocele anterior to the uterus suggestive of abscess.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002654,"Right upper quadrant mass seen on emergency physician-performed point-of-care ultrasound. Measurements showing 7.42 × 7.21 cm in cephalad-caudal and lateral dimensions, respectively."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002655,Repeat CT scan after attempted conservative management.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002656,A snapshot of the patient’s coronary angiogram with the red arrow pointing to the area of dissection at the proximal left circumflex artery. SCAD: spontaneous coronary artery dissection
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002657, Computed tomography angiography of the abdomen showing retroperitoneal haemorrhage and haematoma in the left iliacus muscle with active contrast extravasation in venous phase (arrow heads).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002658, Endoscopic ultrasound-guided liver biopsy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002659,First trimester ultrasound showing fetal thickened nuchal translucency (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002660,Ultrasound showing fetal ascites at 19 weeks gestation (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002661,Chest CT scan shows an ill-defined asymmetrical mass in the medial aspect of the left breast.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002662,"Contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen/pelvis. Axial image at L5-S1 also shows the enhancement without evidence of paraspinous mass, fluid, or abnormal enhancement."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002663,T1 fat-saturated contrast-enhanced MRI of the lumbar spine. Axial image at L5-S1 level demonstrates mild enhancement of the anterior aspect of the thecal sac.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002664,MRI lumbar spine T1 fat-saturated with IV contrast. Axial post-contrast image shows bright epidural enhancement surrounding a low signal intensity fluid collection that extends into the left paraspinous muscles and the posterior subcutaneous tissues.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002665,"CT image demonstrating a large ventral hernia with an overlying abscess and prominent, associated soft tissue gas (arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002666,Magnetic resonance angiography showed a small residual arteriovenous malformation component and symptom resolution.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002667, Chest x-ray showing haziness/infiltration on the left lung base along with left pleural effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002668,"An image of the CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis showing a diffuse gastric wall thickening, about 17 mm (blue arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002669,T2-weighted MRI images showed nonspecific irregular thickening of the left lateral bladder wall (arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002670,"Fused PET and MRI, using bone as the landmark"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002671,CT image of primary sinonasal SDC tumor (indicated by black arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002672,GSUS dorsal transverse scan showing grade II synovitis in the second MTP joint
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002673,"A-lines. A-lines represent horizontal parallel artefacts behind the pleural line at multiples of distance of the probe, indicating a good lung aeration (longitudinal view, linear probe)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002674,B-lines. B-lines appear as vertical hyperechoic line artefacts taking the whole height of the screen crossing the A-lines without decreasing in intensity. B-lines always arising from the pleural line and moving simultaneously with lung sliding and normal lungs can demonstrate up to three B-lines per lung window/intercostal space.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002675,PMA measurements at the L3 vertebrae.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002676,Coronal CT pulmonary angiogram showing the left suprahilar mass surrounding the left pulmonary artery with an associated pseudoaneurysm (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002677,Main pulmonary artery angiography showing the pseudoaneurysm at the proximal left pulmonary artery (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002678,"Elbow anteroposterior view of patient number 6 showing the screw fragment outside the cortical bone of the distal humerus, in the context of surrounding soft tissues. This was an incidental finding during routine follow-up and the patient was completely asymptomatic."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002679,"Ultrasound guided imaging demonstrating relevant QLB anatomy. The anesthesiologist performing the QLB procedures obtained similar images. C = centrum, PM = psoas muscle, QLM = quadratus lumborum, TP = transverse process."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002680,Ultrasound vascular Doppler image shows no hepatic vein outflow and sluggish but hepatopedal portal flow.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002681,Axial T2 weighted image. Left temporal cortical and subcortical lesion with a homogenous hyperintense signal on T2 weighted imaging on the central aspect of the lesion. No peritumoral edema or mass effect.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002682,"Axial post contrast T1 weighted image The lesion was well-defined, with no internal or peripheral enhancement. No reaction to the adjacent bone or meningeal enhancement was observed."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002683,Follow-up axial post contrast T1 There is complete resection of the mass without evidence of recurrent or residual tumor.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002684,"Coronal reformatted CT image with IV contrast in a portal phase. Large pelvic mass, well-defined, predominantly hypoattenuating, with many thin septa and some enhancing areas in the periphery and the centre of the lesion. The right kidney shows mild calyceal dilation and delayed and diminished cortical enhancement reflecting obstructive uropathy"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002685,"Sagittal reformatted CT image (iv contrast, portal phase). Large hypoattenuating well delineated mass located in the cervicovaginal area. There is a subserosal leiomyoma on the uterine fundus (arrowhead) and the endometrial cavity is not dilated. Bladder and rectal wall are not infiltrated by the mass"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002686,Distribution scan by SPECT/CT 30 min after intraarticular injection of 74 MBq [186Re]rhenium sulfide in an ankle joint of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002687,Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan showing incomplete labyrinthine separation on the right (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002688,Thoracic CT section of a patient diagnosed with spontaneous pneumomediastinum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002689,Coronal T2-weighted with fat-sat showing peripancreatic edema (red circle)Fat-sat: fat-saturation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002690,Fluoroscopy imaging showing the Sentinel™ cerebral protection system (arrow) and cardiac defibrillator.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002691,Transoesophageal echocardiography imaging showing dissolution of thrombus material.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002692,A chest X-ray showed dextrocardia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002693,Outflow obstruction—cephalic vein stenosis and basilic vein thrombosis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002694,Outflow final result.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002695,Chest X-ray illustrating complete collapse of the left lung lobe.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002696,Pancreatic fluid collection at the resection site extending up to the under surface of the greater curvature of the stomach. Contrast enhanced computed tomography of abdomen (pre-endoscopic ultrasound drainage).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002697,Pancreatic fluid collection between the tail of the pancreas and the remnant spleen. Contrast enhanced computed tomography of abdomen (pre-endoscopic ultrasound drainage).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002698,Contrast enhanced computed tomography abdomen demonstrating marked reduction in the size of collection post drainage with lumen apposing metal stent in situ. Contrast enhanced computed tomography of abdomen (post-endoscopic ultrasound drainage and pre-removal of AXIOS).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002699,"Chest radiograph demonstrates airspace opacity (long arrow) in the right upper zone. Also, a radiolucency branching of the trachea is noted (small arrow) that is suggestive of a tracheal bronchus.Note: the possible finding of tracheal bronchus in this image was not recognized by the treating physicians before the CT scan."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002700,Axial CT image demonstrates the aberrant bronchus (arrow) originating from the trachea.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002701,"After emergent neurosurgery, follow-up magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine showed successful removal of the abscess and a decompressed spinal cord at C3–C5 (white arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002703,Computed tomography coronal view of the thoracic spine from the initial visit. This demonstrates bony destruction of the T9 vertebral body.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002704,Computed tomography axial view of the thoracic spine during subsequent admission. This demonstrates significant worsening bony destruction of the T9-T10 vertebral bodies involving the adjacent endplates. There is additional prevertebral soft tissue edema.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002705,The chest X-ray showed distended stomach with thickened and blurred margin of the gastric fundus
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002706,"The computed tomography of the abdomen demonstrated venous air in portal veins, thickened gastric fundus wall with gastric pneumatosis"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002707,"Landmarks of the radiographic measurements. A point: Linear distance from implant shoulder to contact point of implant and bone (mesial surface), B point: Linear distance from implant shoulder to contact point of implant and bone (distal surface). The mean value of A point and B point was set as the marginal bone resorption amount."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002708,Computerized tomography of the abdomen and pelvis demonstrating appendiceal and peritoneal thickening.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002709,Whirl sign.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002710,Postoperative CT scan (2 months).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002711,"Panoramic X-ray. Post-operative, 60 months’ follow-up."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002712,"Transesophageal bicaval view. White arrows show an intact patch across the secundum atrial septal defect.LA: left atrium, RA: right atrium."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002713,Sagittal view of the corpus callosum. G: genu; R: rostrum; B: body; S: splenium.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002714,CTPA shows a filling defect in the left pulmonary artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002715,Fluoroscopy image depicting safe withdrawal of the catheter through the inferior vena cava filter. The filled arrow indicates the inferior vena cava filter; the dotted arrow points at the Amplatzer patent foramen ovale occluder delivery system.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002716,Post-operative orthopantomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002717,Contrast extravasation suggestive of complete disruption of common hepatic and right hepatic ducts
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002718,DWI imaging results of a typical case. The red circle marked the infarcted area.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002719,Axial cut of the plain computed tomography image showed a mass compressed on the left lateral ventricle (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002720,Coronal cut of the T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging showed a well-defined hyperintense mass at the suprasellar area compressing the adjacent brain structure (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002721,Magnetic resonance image demonstrating complete regression of lesions located at left apical part vaginal vault taken 12 months after completion of MR-guided stereotactic radiotherapy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002722,Mandibular occlusal radiograph showing radiopaque mass in the 83 region
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002723,"Parasternal long-axis view showing asymmetrical septal hypertrophy with maximum thickness of 22 mm at basal anterior septum. Ao: aorta, LA: left atrium, LV: left ventricle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002724,"Apical four-chamber view with color Doppler showing two jets of mitral regurgitation. LA: left atrium, LV: left ventricle, MR: mitral regurgitation."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002725,Emergent coronary angiogram showed a thrombotic occlusion of the mid-distal segment of the right coronary artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002726,X-ray of a patient implanted at T8-T10 with a multicolumn lead.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002727,Angiographic appearance of right-sided CBP of 81-year-old female patient. CBP: Carotid body paraganglioma
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002728,"Non-contrast computed axial tomography scan of the head showing a hemorrhage, measuring 7.37 x 7.37 x 7 mm along the lateral aspect of the left temporal lobe."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002729,"Non-contrast computed axial tomography of the head showing a hemorrhage, measuring 5 x 12 x 10 mm along the posterior medial aspect of the left temporal lobe."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002730,"Neck computed tomography scan, coronal reconstruction, shows a thrombus in the right internal jugular vein (1), hypodense fluid collection in the ipsilateral parapharyngeal space (2), and gas inclusions in the supraclavicular region (3)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002731,Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the paranasal sinus in axial view shows no evident soft tissue lesion at the right torus tubarius (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002732,Computed tomography.Computed tomography in the normal position shows no significant stenosis of the right subclavian vein (white arrowhead).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002733,"Echocardiography with moderate pericardial effusion: subcostal 2 chamber echocardiography view demonstrating * = pericardial effusion, RV = right ventricle and LV = left ventricle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002734,"Oblique axial slice for demonstrating ligaments in their full length. In the sagittal view, the oblique plane runs parallel to a line"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002735,Echographic measurement (ME) of the mitral chordae
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002736,Computerized tomography angiography. These images correspond to patient 5. Transverse reconstruction centered on the celiac trunk: Stenosis of the initial segment of the splenic artery (top arrow) and the post ostial segment of the celiac trunk (left arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002737,Preoperative plain X-ray image showing a partial staghorn calculus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002738,Intraoperative fluoroscopy image showing a semi-rigid ureteroscope removing small stone fragments at the end of the procedure after stent placement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002739,Abdominal computed tomography findings. Abdominal computed tomography findings of hepatocellular carcinoma. An enlarged mass was then found in hepatic segment 8 (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002740,Chest computed tomography findings on admission. Chest computed tomography revealed the presence of diffuse ground-glass opacities.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002741,Invasive coronary angiography demonstrates a normally arising RCA with retrograde filling of the left coronary artery system through copious collaterals. The LMCA ends blindly in close proximity to the aortic root.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002742,Angiography after placement of a VBX balloon expandable endoprosthesis (W.L. Gore & Associates). A VBX stent graft (blue arrow) was used to cover the end-to-end anastomotic part of the right renal artery (RA) through the crossed portion of the 8-mm expanded polytetrafluorethylene (ePTFE) and 12-mm woven grafts.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002743,"Post-operative radiograph of a patient with metastatic disease demonstrating the modified Harrington technique. In this patient, three acetabular screws were driven retrograde through the acetabular roof, after which cement was interdigitated to create a rebar for medial and posterior acetabular wall reconstruction."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002744,"Ultrasound image (longitudinal view) of penile nodules. Ultrasound image (longitudinal view) of penile nodules demonstrates three well-circumscribed, hypoechoic nodules adjacent to the dorsal aspect of the corpus cavernosa"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002745,Sagittal T1-weighted post contrast MRI of penile nodules. Sagittal T1-weighted post contrast MRI of penile nodules displaying low signal intensity (arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002746,"Transvaginal ultrasonographic study of the pelvic-abdomen region shows a retroverted uterus with a biometry of 70 mm x 40 mm. The uterine morphology was regular, and the myometrial ultrasound pattern was homogeneous. The endometrial thickness was 7 mm. The cervical canal was occupied by abundant blood content and clots with a size of 34 mm."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002747,"Transvaginal ultrasonographic study of the pelvic-abdominal region showing a retroverted uterus, with a biometry of 64 mm x 38 mm. The uterine morphology was regular, and the myometrial ultrasound pattern was homogeneous. Ultrasound signs of cavitary pathology were not observed. The endometrial thickness was 2 mm. At the level of the cesarean section scar, a 29x16 mm nodular image was observed, with a heterogeneous pattern."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002748,"Transvaginal ultrasonographic study of the pelvic-abdominal region showed a retroverted uterus, with a biometry of 66 mm x 33 mm. Images of cavitary pathology were not observed. The endometrial thickness was 4 mm."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002749,Still shot post-contrast MR angiogram in the axial view. Residual right branch pulmonary stenosis after TOF repair. RPA: right pulmonary artery; LPA: left pulmonary artery (dilated)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002750,Transoesophageal echo using M-mode to measure Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE) (red line) showing severe right ventricular dysfunction.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002751,Cholangiogram via the hepaticogastrostomy tract demonstrating patent hepaticojejunostomy after Whipple procedure.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002752,"Endoscopic ultrasound showing dilated common bile duct in the head of the pancreas.CBD: common bile duct, PD: pancreatic duct, PV: portal vein"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002753,Ultrasonography 1 year after the operation showed a good portal flow at the posterior branch and no liver atrophy
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002754,Anterior-posterior chest radiograph of the patient with ground glass opacity in both middle and lower zones (white arrows) with preservation of lung markings.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002755,The patient's chest x-ray in the upright position.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002756,TEE showing lesions on the anterior and septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve. TEE: transesophageal echocardiography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002757,TEE indicates 2.7 × 1.0 cm vegetation in the superior vena cava. TEE: transesophageal echocardiography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002758,Below ultrasound showing significant retained product of conception in the uterine cavity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002759,"Transesophageal echocardiography for sizing of intravascular LAAO devices. Examples of different LAA measurements on a 90° TEE view. Solid and dashed lines represent LAA landing zone and depth, respectively; grey solid line represents the anatomical ostium while the red dashed circle is the left circumflex coronary artery. Reproduced with permission from Gianni et al.19)LAA = left atrial appendage; LAAO = left atrial appendage occlusion; TEE = transesophageal echocardiography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002760,Chest X-ray. Asymmetrical interstitial infiltrates in both lung fields
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002761,"A. Abdominal ultrasound showing liver cirrhosis with hypertension portal; B: serial esofagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) on day 14, day 17, and one month after hospitalization; C: Abdominal CT with contrast showed thrombus in splenic vein along with splenomegaly."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002762,Two-dimensional echo showing the pericardial effusion with fibrinous materials.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002763,"Transversal CT image: in a short period, a peritoneal hematoma develop with active leakage."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002764,"Digital subtraction angiography: before coiling, the leakage shows where the contrast enters the retroperitoneal space."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002765,"For the extension lines of the lower endplates of C2 and C7, draw the perpendicular lines of the two lines, and the acute angle formed by the intersection of the two lines is the Cobb angle"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002766,Parallel lines of the posterior margins of the C2 and C7 vertebral bodies. The acute angle at which it intersects is the cervical spine angle (CSA)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002767,"Sagittal view of an enhanced CT showing a region of fluid retention with gas in front of the cervical spine, with an appearance consistent with a retropharyngeal or prevertebral abscess (red arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002768," Kidney, ureters, and bladder indicate no residual stones. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002769,Mild steatosis (S1) bright liver with discrete posterior attenuation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002770,Severe steatosis (S3) bright liver with intense posterior.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002771,MRI-FLAIR (axial view) with hyperintensity signal due to thrombosed cerebral vein at the temporal cortex convexity. MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; FLAIR: fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002772,MRI-DWI showing increased signal at the cerebral vein thrombosis (arrow)MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; DWI: diffusion-weighted imaging
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002773,Chest X-ray shows dextrocardia in this patient with situs inversus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002774,Lung involvement with COVID-19
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002775,Pneumoperitoneum in CT scan
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002776, Ultrasound examination showed the compressed common peroneal nerve (yellow arrowheads) and a hypoechoic cystic lesion (white arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002777,A sample of a lateral cephalometric radiograph that was considered as the network input.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002778,Distance between tumor and segment border (2 mm).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002779,X-Ray chest: Both humeri were noted to be severely osteopenic with significant changes of rickets at proximal metaphyseal ends (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002780,Automated identification of intima–media and media–adventitia border of the carotid artery using the software DYARA.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002781,Chest X-ray on initial encounter showing bilateral airspace disease
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002782,CT angiogram chest negative for pulmonary embolism. CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002783,Chest X-ray showing bilateral perihilar opacities with small pleural effusions
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002784,"Standing lateral film of the foot. Note the posterior location of the lateral malleolus and the distorted image of the talar dome, indicating external rotation deformity at the level of the ankle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002785,CT chest showing pneumomediastinum (red arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002786,Coronary angiogram in anterior-posterior (AP) cranial view showing critical stenosis of left anterior descending artery (LAD)/diagonal bifurcation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002787,Coronary angiogram in left anterior oblique (LAO) view after right coronary artery (RCA) stenting showing well-deployed stents
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002788,A left anterior oblique (LAO) cranial view angiogram showing visible thrombi in both left anterior descending artery (LAD) and diagonal branch near the bifurcation zone (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002789,An anterior-posterior (AP) caudal view angiogram showing multiple aneurysms in the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and the diagonal branch at the sites of bifurcation stenting
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002790,"Detorsed testis, intra-testicular artery: PSV = peak-systolic velocity, EDV = end-diastolic velocity, RI = vascular resistance index, S/D = PSV/EDV."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002791,"The uninvolved testis, capsular artery: PSV = peak-systolic velocity, EDV = end-diastolic velocity, RI = vascular resistance index, S/D = PSV/EDV."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002792,"Chest radiograph on admission. Chest radiograph showing a massive left pleural effusion, with mediastinal deviation to the right."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002793,"CT showed a mass in the right kidney. The right kidney was significantly enlarged, and the right renal vein was significantly thickened"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002794,"CTA showed that ① the mass in the right kidney was significantly enhanced, but that in the left kidney was not significantly enhanced; ② there was thrombosis in the right renal vein, while the left renal vein had no thrombosis"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002795,USS right foot plantar showing mass deep to plantar fascia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002796,Computed tomography of the abdomen with intravenous contrast showing a soft tissue density with an 8 mm focal area of calcification with distortion of the omentum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002797,Transvaginal pelvic ultrasound showing right ovary with adjacent heterogeneous soft tissue structure.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002798,Postoperative chest computed tomography showing contrast media leakage in the right supraclavicular area and massive hemothorax.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002799,"Computed tomography scan of the brain. The hypodense lesion in the medial left frontal lobe could be compatible, among other possibilities, with subacute ischemic stroke in the vascular territory of the left anterior cerebral artery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002800,"Neck computed tomography scan with contrast enhancement showed a 3.5-cm dumbbell-shaped mass (arrows) that extended into the spinal canal, left neural foramen, and left retropharyngeal space of C2/3. Note the widening of the left neural foramen of C2/3 by the mass (arrowheads)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002801,Transfemoral neck angiography showed the feeding artery branching from the left proximal external carotid artery (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002802,"A routine post-pacemaker chest X-ray for this patient, showing that the first rib is absent on the left hand side."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002803,Good position of reduction confirmed after fluoroscopy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002804,Computed tomography image. White arrow showing intraluminal foreign body causing small bowel obstruction 
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002805,X-ray of the right arm demonstrating absent radius
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002806,Voiding cystourethrogram revealing grade 5 right-sided vesicoureteral reflux
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002807,Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan on arrival: the mesh migrated into the neobladder (arrow) and the small intestine (arrowhead).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002808,"Transverse ultrasound image of the thyroid gland demonstrates a circumscribed, solid mass containing a hypoechoic, cystic component with irregular walls confined to the right lobe (blue arrows). The left lobe of the thyroid gland appears normal (white arrow).Image courtesy: This image was provided by Dr. Laura L. Hayes from the radiology department at Nemours Children’s Health System."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002809,"Second CT scan after the thoracic drainage technique. Extensive high-volume bilateral hydrothorax (star) and pneumothorax (arrow) associated with pleural effusion (circle) are shown, as well as the bilateral thoracic drainage tubes in the pleural cavity (line)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002810,"Second CT scan after the thoracic drainage technique. On the right side, contrast extravasation from the esophagus in the pleural cavity (lozenge) is shown, indicating a probable lesion of the middle third of the esophagus."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002811,"T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging revealing a 3-cm-sized, ovoid, heterogeneously enhanced mass in the submental area."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002812,Micronodular appearance of the liver with numerous scattered hypodensities
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002813,Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) image - Lobulated tumor mass arising from the base of urinary bladder and protruding into the cavity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002814,Right coronary artery angiography showing a plaque in proximal of right coronary artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002815,Echocardiography showing apical ballooning.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002816,Esophagography on the 8th day postoperatively revealing about 1.5 cm length contrast leakage from distal thoracic esophagus
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002817,Esophageal stent observed on chest X-ray (*)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002818,Full spine X-ray of a patient with hemivertebra and a 35° scoliosis measured by the Cobb technique.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002819,Abdominal ultrasound at day of life 20: biliary sludge in dilated common bile ductus (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002820,Coronal chest CT scan with arrows showing thrombus in SVC extending to right atrium
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002821,CT abdomen (axial view) showing portal vein thrombosis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002822,CT abdomen (coronal view) showing portal vein thrombosis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002823,"Computed tomography of the abdomen showing innumerable cysts throughout the entire liver (arrow), giving a surface of the moon appearance."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002824,Computed tomography of the pelvis showing extensive bilateral renal cysts (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002825,"Frontal chest radiography shows bilateral minimal peripheral patchy opacities. The lung ultrasonography showed basal B lines, minimal bilateral basal pleural thickening, and minimal pleural effusion in both phrenicocostal sinuses"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002826,Intraoperative fluoroscopy image of L4-5 transforaminal interbody fusion stabilization
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002827,Arrowhead: axial T2-weighted gadolinium-enhanced MRI demonstrates hyperintense signal with heterogeneous enhancement along the right optic nerve sheath
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002828, Chest computed tomography. A 1.20 cm × 0.88 cm calcified nodular lesion on the compressed posterior wall of the lower left main bronchus (orange arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002829,Coronal CT image.Selected coronal computed tomography scan of the abdomen demonstrating a thin membrane (arrow) encasing small bowel loops.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002830,Chest x-ray of a 44-year-old female with COVID-19 viral pneumonia
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002831,Computed tomography (CT) abdomen and pelvis with contrast showing abnormal hypo-enhancement of the inferior half of the left kidney with prominent perinephric fluid (arrows) in a patient with left renal vein thrombosis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002832,"The gastrointestinal barium test showed that the barium agent passed the anastomotic site smoothly, and there was no retuning at the ligation site of line 7."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002833,Coronal contrast-enhanced image showing the measurement of the pituitary stalk. The length of a preoperative pituitary stalk is 3.20mm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002834, Postoperative X-rays in the anteroposterior view. Fractures treated with screws.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002835,"Characteristic changes in the liver. It shows nodular liver surface, perihepatic ascites, and inhomogeneous parenchyma in a NAFLD patient. These findings are pathognomonic for cirrhosis. The lesion in the right lobe of the liver (dimension 1 and 2) is suspicious for HCC."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002836,Axial-basal chest cut in urinary tract computed tomography in a patient presenting with renal colic at our institution who was diagnosed with asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 due to the presence of peripheral small focal areas of ground glass veiling.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002837,Axial-apical chest cut in brain computed tomography in a patient presenting with head trauma at our institution who was diagnosed with asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 due to the bilateral presence of multiple peripheral small foci of ground glass veiling with mild interstitial thickening.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002838,Postoperative radiograph of a rotational spur in the lateral view of a four-year-old patient after Gartland type 3 fracture and treatment by PCP.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002839,Abdominal CT demonstrating a contrast-enhanced hypodense mass in the spleen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002840,Echocardiographic study at follow-up after 4 weeks. Apical five-chamber view. Complete resolution of the thrombus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002841,"Sagittal view of an abdominal CT scan, showing a swollen appendix with two fecoliths (red arrow) and a large, thick-walled bladder (blue arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002842,CTA PE showing severe emphysematous changes (yellow arrows) and extensive consolidation seen bilaterally. The patient was a second-hand smoker for 25 years. Her partner stopped smoking 15 years before the presentation. CTA PE - computed tomographic angiogram pulmonary embolism
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002843,Computed tomography scan of the chest consistent with severe interstitial lung disease.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002844, The ultrasound study revealed a high-echoic layer (arrow) surrounding the heart (arrowheads) suggesting clotting cardiac tamponade.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002845,Contrast-enhanced CT scan in favor of ischemic duodenum (white arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002846,Axial view magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of T5 vertebrae demonstrating large lytic lesion causing cord compression (highlighted by the arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002847,"Axial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the neck. There is a large cervical soft tissue mass, with the left thyroid lobe as the focal point measuring 6.3 × 7.3 × 10 cm (highlighted by the arrow) with deviation of the trachea."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002848,"Transabdominal ultrasonography image from a Chinese female patient with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome, at a 1-year postoperative follow-up assessment after surgery to remove a large pelvic mass."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002849,"Preoperative mediolateral radiographs of a canine stifle with CCLR to illustrate AMA-based CCWO planning. AA, anatomic axis; MA, mechanical axis; AMA angle, angle between the AA and the MA. The angle EBF and the angle of rotation angulation between the AA and the MA corresponded to the planned cranial wedge osteotomy (CWO) angle (ABC angle) for reducing the tibial plateau angle (TPA). The distal osteotomy line of the CWO (CD) was perpendicular to the AA, and the proximal line (AB) was perpendicular to the BF. B is located at the caudal insertion of the medial collateral ligament. AC defines the cranial cortical length of the wedge"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002850,The mass image on the pancreatic head detected by abdominal CT performed in 2003.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002851,A metallic stent and atrophic pancreas appearance were detected in the CT taken in 2010.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002852,Angiography showing no coronary occlusion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002853,Preoperative computed tomography scan. No fish bone was detected. Note the narrowing of the disc space at C4/C5 (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002854,Coronal section of the right internal auditory meatus post repositioning of the electrode. The electrode is in place reaching the cochlear cavity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002855,"X-ray of the right elbow.Large joint effusion distending the anterior recess. There is a periosteal reaction in the posterior aspect of the humerus and erosions in the coronoid fossa of the distal humerus, creating a scalloped appearance. There is preservation of the joint space and mild periarticular osteopenia."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002856,Chest X-ray.Linear scarring or subsegmental atelectasis in the right upper lobe.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002857,"Transesophageal echocardiographic study of an atrial septal defect (ASD) in a four-chamber view demonstrating an ASD (arrow) with shunting left to right. The insert shows dimensions of superior rim (1), ASD (2), and inferior rim (3) in that order. LA, left atrium; RA, right atrium. Reproduced from Reference [3]."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002858,"Transesophageal echocardiographic study of a fenestrated atrial septal defect in short projection demonstrating left-to-right shunt across a fenestrated atrial defect (arrows). LA, Left atrium; RA, right atrium. Reproduced from Reference [4]."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002859,Contrast-enhanced computed tomography image of the abdominopelvic region showing an enlarged pancreatic head (white arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002860,Magnetic resonance image showing a decreasing trend of findings of acute pancreatitis in the pancreatic head with mild swelling in the pancreatic head (white arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002861,"A target (a grape; arrowheads) embedded in the elastic matrix of the model. Note the good contrast between the surrounding “tissue” (matrix) and the target, and the clear visualization of the needle (arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002862,Schematic diagram of the mean laminectomy width.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002863,Lateral radiograph of the right elbow showing the tension band wire (arrow) technique with two 2 mm Steinman pins and an 18-gauge wire tension band.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002864,"Postchemotherapy P-A x-ray, 6 months after the operation."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002865,Large mobile vegetation (indicated by the red circle) measuring 2.1 × 0.6 cm attached to the right coronary cusp of the aortic valve with surrounding tissue destruction freely prolapsing into the left ventricle outflow tract.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002866,MRI of a patient with anti-NMDAR encephalitis showing bilateral hippocampal lesions (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002867,"A 22-year-old male HEH patient. On portal phase image, target sign could be observed on a medium lesion (black arrow), while both small and large lesions failed to show target appearance (white arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002868,Panoramic radiograph before treatment.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002869,"Contrast-enhanced chest CT (4th day of tube thoracostomy) showing no full expansion of the right lung, subcutaneous emphysema, and bilateral areas of small nodular and linear opacities."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002870,Abdominal X-ray demonstrating the endoscopy capsule in the splenic flexure.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002871,Computerized tomography of the chest showing bilateral pulmonary emboli filling defects.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002872,plain radiography X-ray showing both DJ stents at first insertion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002873,Preoperative radiographs of the patient’s left and right hands.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002874,CTA showing compression of the celiac trunk as indicated by the arrow.CTA: computed tomography angiogram
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002875,"Ultrasound image of the lateral pectoral nerve (LPN), the dominant nerve of the pectoralis major muscle (PMM) (15, 16)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002876,"Axial CT image showing multiple bilateral centrilobular and tree-in-bud nodules, concerning for small airway disease."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002877,Chest radiograph on hospital day two with worsening of bibasilar hazy opacities. L: left
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002878,Transthoracic echocardiogram with apical four-view with severely dilated right ventricle and severely reduced right ventricular global systolic function and flattening of intraventricular septum seen during systole. RV: right ventricle; RA: right atrium; LV: left ventricle; LA: left atrium
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002879,"Severely dilated RV, mild to moderately dilated RA, septal flattening and bowing into LV during systole. RV: right ventricle; RA: right atrium; LV: left ventricle; LA: left atrium"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002880,"Brain CT scan performed in emergency room, no evidence of acute otitis, mastoiditis, or acute cerebrovascular disease."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002881,Ear high‐resolution CT scan with no evidence of dehiscence of the tympanic and mastoid tract of the right facial nerve.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002882,Computed tomography of the chest. Right upper lobe nodules with bilateral interstitial infiltrates and scattered ground–glass opacities proven to be recurrent lymphangioleiomyomatosis following lung transplantation during a surveillance bronchoscopy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002883,Percutaneous drainage of intra-abdominal collection. The image above shows percutaneous drainage of the left paracolic gutter collection (700 ml) (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002884,"Two anatomical characteristics at the supra-lateral arcuate ligament were depicted in the cross-section computerized tomography. There was an apposition zone between the quadratus lumborum and diaphragm (endothoracic fascia) at the supra-lateral arcuate ligament. Diaphragm and endothoracic fascia course towards the anterolateral margin of the vertebral body at the supra-lateral arcuate ligament, while the quadratus lumborum courses towards the facet joint or transverse processes of the vertebral body. This results in a triangular gap between the diaphragm (endothoracic fascia) and quadratus lumborum (the green triangle refers to the gap). This triangular gap opens on its basal side to the T12 paravertebral space."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002885,The transverse approach for an ultrasound-guided anterior quadratus lumborum block at the lateral supra-arcuate ligament. The sonogram shows the diaphragm apposition with the quadratus lumborum muscle and the triangular gap between them. The injectate target is the triangular gap between the quadratus lumborum and diaphragm. The embedded graph shows the site of the probe.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002886,Abdominal CT scan without contrast showing wall thickening involving the pyloric canal and first part of duodenum (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002887,shows Mass-like lesion found on Endoscopic Ultrasound.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002888, Abdominal ultrasonography of the mass. A giant hyperechoic mass filling the abdomen was presented on grey-scale ultrasound. The mass had a relative clear margin and internal septas.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002889, Computed tomography scan of intra- and extra-hepatic biliary ducts demonstrated wider dilatation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002890,"Post-contrast dorsal reconstructed CT study image. Red star indicates the caudal portion of the left ureter, which is expanded and might indicate a forming mild hydroureter."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002891,TOE: aortic valve is tricuspid with severe calcinosis. AVA was 1.1 cm2.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002892,"An axial view of computed tomography angiography scan showing a donut sign in the left vertebral artery, suggestive of free-floating thrombus at the level of V1."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002893,"A coronal view of computed tomography angiography scan showing a long, fresh, free-floating thrombus in V1 and V2."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002894,Transverse CT thorax showing severely enlarged right atrium with large pericardial effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002895," CTA showing a filling defect in the SMA (red arrow), suggestive of SMA occlusion. CTA: Computed tomography angiography; SMA: Superior mesenteric artery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002896, Steady state free precession MRI image of right ventricular outflow tract showing RV dilation and severe wide-open PI. (A higher resolution / colour version of this figure is available in the electronic copy of the article).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002897,MRI scan in T1 sequence with gadolinium contrast agent showing dorsal epidural enhancement consistent with an epidural abscess
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002898,MRI of lumbar spine.Aggressive marrow replacing a mass of the L3 vertebral body causing focal severe spinal canal narrowing. Pathology showing metastatic poorly differentiated carcinoma. Red arrows indicate the mass effect in the vertebral body as a result of metastatic disease.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002899,MRI lumbar spine (sagittal view).Aggressive marrow replacing a mass of the L3 vertebral body causing focal severe spinal canal narrowing. The red arrow indicates the mass effect in the vertebral body as a result of metastatic disease. 
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002900,The arterial phase MRI shows this structure (partly visualised; black arrow) deriving from the right hepatic artery (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002901,"Donor site of iliac crest was filled with allogeneic bone, which resulted in osteogenesis (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002902,Initial transvaginal view demonstrates dilated tubular structure with multiseptated appearance in the left adnexa concerning for tubo-ovarian abscess (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002903,NECT of the pelvis demonstrates a large fluid containing structure in the right adnexa (white arrow) that corresponds to the pelvic ultrasound (Fig. 1) that was compatible with an endometrioma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002904,Transabdominal ultrasound of the pelvis with color flow with mildly increased peripheral vascularity. Again seen is fluid fluid layer within the endometrioma (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002905,Chest X-ray at day of admission showing diffuse bilateral infiltrates greater on the right than left.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002906,Left heart catheterization after drug eluting stent placement to proximal RCA with no residual stenosis (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002907,Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan showing splenic rupture (white arrow) with spleen metastases due to lung cancer.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002908,Coronal view of the foreign body in the distal ileum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002909,"Chest radiograph of a 52-year-old man with hypertension, diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease who presented with fatigue and malaise. There are patchy, peripheral and central ground glass opacities bilaterally (black arrows), with sparing of the left upper zone (white arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002910,"CT scan of a patient with locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Visible are the pancreas with a splint in the head of the pancreas as well as the liver (a), the gastroduodenal junction (b), the dilated pancreatic duct (c), the spleen (d), the abdominal aorta and the origin of the coeliac trunc (e). The PDAC tumor is outlined in orange."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002911, CT axial view
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002912,"Representative coronal plane enhanced computed tomography (CT) image from a 66-year-old female patient with persistent pain for the previous 10 h, showing a typical-looking inflamed gallbladder (arrow) with marked distention and wall thickening."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002913,An enormous hydatid cyst occupying the whole right lobe and the left medial part of the liver.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002914,Chest X-ray. Post thoracostomy tube insertion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002915,MRI/magnetic resonance angiograph showing amyloid angiopathy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002916,FLAIR axial MR image showing marked hyperintensity over bilateral pons (marked by a black circle)FLAIR: Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002917,18F-FDG PET-CECT brain shows two discrete FDG avid enhancing masses.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002918,Computed tomography of the chest showing tension pneumomediastinum with pneumothorax
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002919,Computed tomography scan showing tension pneumomediastinum
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002920,Chest X-ray image showing subcutaneous emphysema
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002921,Axial CT demonstrating catheter placement in rectum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002922,Axial CT of periprostatic collection.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002923,Saggital CT imaging demonstrating persistence of collection post antibiotic treatment.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002924,Preoperative high-resolution T2 magnetic resonance image of the internal auditory canals demonstrating normal cochlear anatomy and internal auditory canals bilaterally.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002925,"X‐ray in the lateral view. Note that the cervical facet joint (CFJ) spaces of C2–C3, C3–C4, C4–C5, and C6–C7 are difficult to judge because of superposition of the bilateral facet joints"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002926,MRI arterial post-contrast demonstrates biliary mass. Soft tissue (red arrow) extends over a length of greater than 4.2 cm and measures up to 1.8 cm in width. There is an additional enhancing soft tissue within the common bile duct at the bifurcation and extends to the right intrahepatic bile duct.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002927,"Positron emission tomography demonstrates gallbladder and biliary malignancies. There is a 0.9 x 1.4 cm hyperdense lesion in the nondependent portion of the gallbladder (red arrow) with a standardized uptake value (SUV) max of 4.4, suspicious for malignancy. In addition, there is intense fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake along the biliary stent (arrowhead), SUV max of 7.3, likely representing biliary malignancy (white arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002928,"Gallbladder perforation: transmural defect of the gallbladder wall (black arrow) with pericholecystic effusion (head arrows) and perihepatic peritoneal collection, suggestive of biliary peritonitis (white arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002929,Right portal vein thrombosis: extensive right portal vein hypodensity subsequent to an intraluminal thrombus formation (black arrows) with hepatic hyperemia (white arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002930,Acute calculous cholecystitis with pancreatitis (biliary pancreatitis): axial scan shows an acute cholecystitis (white arrow) with edematous hypoattenuating pancreatitis with surrounding peripancreatic fat strands (arrowheads) and fluid (black arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002931,"Axial CT scan image showing a right thyroid nodular lesion, discovered incidentally."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002932,Ultrasonography of the affected breast which demonstrated a lesion in the parenchyma with thin fluid streaks. These findings are marked by the white lines A and B.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002933,Ultrasonography of the breast indicated an ill-demarcated hypoechoic irregular lesion with thin fluid streaks as marked by the dotted lines A and B.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002934,Chest x-ray showing enlarged heart and vascular congestion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002935,CT soft tissue neck with IV contrast showing HS abscess in the right neck.HS: hidradenitis suppurativa
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002936,T1 MRI image showing a viable gestational sac lowly implanted and seen bulging in the previous LSCS scars region
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002937,"Dose plan of gamma knife radiosurgery by three-dimensional CISS images localized on MRI and CT under stereotactic conditions for glossopharyngeal neuralgia. CISS = Interference in steady state; MRI = Magnetic resonance imaging; CT = Computed tomography. The right cisternal portion of the glossopharyngeal nerve, close to the glossopharyngeal meatus of the jugular foramen, was irradiated by a maximum dose of 80 Gy, using a single 4 mm collimator (yellow circle showing 95% isodose line and green circle showing 16 Gy isodose)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002938,CT abdomen and pelvis on day three. Arrow showing gastric herniation and rotation into the patient’s parastomal hernia has been reduced. The stomach also looks decompressed.CT: computerized tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002939,Example of Class I vascularity. There are three vascular hotspots with orange color representing the sagittal section of the uterine cervix area; each size is measured as about 1–2 mm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002940,MRI image of typical lymphocytic hypopyhsitis with stalk involvement
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002941,Illustration showing optimal radiofrequency needle placement parallel to the lumbar medial branch nerve.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002942,Radiofrequency cannulae placement for palisade technique.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002943,Fluoroscopy image of RFN cannulae placement targeting the articular branches of the ON and FN. The articular branches of the FN are located inferior and medial to the anterior inferior iliac spine. The ON branches run just inferior to the incisura acetabuli. A lateral to medial approach is shown - a technique that aims to avoid the femoral neurovascular bundle. The yellow ovals denote neurotomy location.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002944,"CTA demonstrating no evidence of AVM or aneurysm. CTA, computed tomography angiogram; AVM, arteriovenous malformations"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002945,"Chest X-ray anteroposterior in a horizontal position. Extensive, parenchymal consolidations in both lungs with low-attenuation areas in upper zones suggest cavitations."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002946,Angiography of the left coronary arteries revealing total occlusion of proximal LAD (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002947,Left lateral abdominal radiograph in a cat revealed edema of the perineal region (white arrows). The cutaneous mass with fat opacity in the inguinal region (white arrowheads) was cytologically suspected as a lipoma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002948,Longitudinal US of the right common carotid artery of a 51-year-old female psoriatic patient with an IMT > 1 mm without plaque. IMT = intima-media thickness; US = ultrasonography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002949,Coronal CT scan showing lipoma
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002950,Abdominal computed tomography indicated traumatic splenic injury and intra-abdominal hemorrhage. Contrast extravasation from the lower pole of the spleen was observed
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002951,Lead positioned on the femoral branch
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002952,"Intraoperative angiography after implanting an Amplatz Canine Duct Occluder. A complete occlusion of the ductus arteriosus was immediately reached. ACDO, Amplatz Canine Duct Occluder; Ao, aorta; DA, ductus arteriosus"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002953,"Plain AP view of the hand after amputation of the fourth ray, as per the modified Le Viet technique. G Left side (in French: Gauche)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002954,"Portable CXR on the 7th day of the cardiovascular ICU admission showing bilateral and diffuse lung infiltrate. The patient was on central VA-ECMO, IAPB, and his chest was kept open with approximated skin."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002955,The computed tomography abdomen and pelvis showing multiple hepatic metastases.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002956,CTA of chest demonstrating right hilar lymphadenopathy (yellow arrow).CTA: Computed tomography angiography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002957,Note the intra-muscular location of the fluid collection. Heterogenous appearance and deep location are most consistent with hematoma based on this axial T1-sequence MRI.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002958,Increased articular liquid extending to subquadricipital space (sagital view).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002959,Subquadricipital space with septae forming two loci filled with fluid (sagital view).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002960,Sagittal T2-weighted image of the spine showing a space-occupying lesion extending from the D11 to S1 segments
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002961,"Dental panoramic radiographs before deep learning analysis, showing cropped ROI."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002962,Normal infantogram of the baby
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002963,A spot radiograph of a 38-year-old man with radiating pain to the right buttock and lower leg in the L5 dermatome.A magnetic resonance image (not shown) revealed a right central L5-S1 herniated intervertebral disc with compression of the right S1 root. A transforaminal injection was performed at the L5-S1 neural foramen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002964,Pre–operation Axillary LA on PET–CT imaging.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002965,Sagittal ultrasonographic image of a gall bladder mucocele with multiple hyperechoic areas with a stellate appearance in an 8-year-old female neutered border terrier.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002966,Chest X-ray four days after the beginning of symptoms and discontinuation of azacitidine
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002967,"Post-deployment angiogram: Image shows new antegrade flow in the right iliac system perfusing the transplant kidney, post stent deployment."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002968,"Coronal CT Abdomen and PelvisInitial CT abdomen and pelvis on presentation to Emergency Department with A = extraluminal gas showing perforation, B = thickened rectosigmoid junction, and C = gas under diaphragm"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002969,Computed tomography showed a homogenous 7 × 8cm hypodense splenic lesion with smooth borders and internal necrotic area—no evidence of enlarged abdominal lymph nodes.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002970,Lateral Radiograph of a patient with symptomatic hardware after headed screw fixation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002971,Adrenal CT showing the left adrenal bed infiltrated with a large (6.4×5.6×6.3 cm) hypoenhancing mass and findings suggesting that it may be crossing the midline to affect the right adrenal.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002972,Follow-up PET showing interval resolution of the left adrenal FDG hypermetabolism after 6 months.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002973,Non-enhanced CT image showing gas in the transplanted kidney pelvis (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002974,"Non-enhanced CT image showing gas in the bladder (white arrow), transplanted distal ureter (red arrow), and native distal ureters (yellow arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002975,"The patients CT scan, coronal slice."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002976,"CXR showing large, left-sided pneumothorax"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002977,Representative routine ultrasonography image showing a perirenal haematoma within 12–24 h after percutaneous renal biopsy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002978,"A needle penetrates the muscles until hitting the transverse process (abbreviations: TP, transverse process; ESM, erector spinae muscle)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002979,"Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealing T2-weighted high-signal intensities in the caudate nucleus and putamen of bilateral basal ganglia, with sparing of the globus pallidus, ventrolateral thalami, the brainstem, and pontine region, giving an appearance of “face of a giant panda” (green arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002980,"A suspicious big polypus mass in the colon at the valve of Bauhin, possibly ct. 2N. 0M. 0"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002981,Chest radiograph showing a prominent upper right mediastinum (arrow) as the correlation of the azygos continuation entering the vena cava superior in a cross-sectional view.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002982,MRI image of brain tumor.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002983, MRCP showing dilated bile duct with cutoff at the obstructing ampullary mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002984,CT scan showed wall thickness and stenosis of the distal CBD (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002985,ERCP revealed irregular stricture of the distal CBD (arrow); brush cytology was performed at the same time.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002986,The tertiary ultrasound of the right adnexa demonstrating the 33 mm × 18 mm × 34 mm serpiginous cystic structure with a 13-mm lumen consistent with a hydrosalpinx.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002987,MRCP maximal intensity projection showed anatomical communication between the concerned cystic hepatic lesion near the confluence and right intrahepatic duct (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002988,Manual co-registration of MRCP and SPECT images showed no tracer uptake in the concerned T2 hyperintense cystic hepatic lesion (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002989,Filtered input MRI image.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002990,Histogram normalized input MRI image.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002991,Pre-operative chest X-ray showing the wall of the diverticulum (arrowheads).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002992,Preoperative contrast computed tomography scan showing arch involvement for patient 1.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002993,Schematic drawing illustrating the landmarks used for periapical radiographs measurement. IS: implant shoulder; fBIC: first bone-implant contact; a the vertical distance the first bone-implant contact to implant shoulder measured from radiograph. b Implant length. x (fBIC-IS): the real vertical distance the first bone-implant contact to implant shoulder
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002994,Computed tomography images of primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma. The computed tomography images showed a dense soft tissue lesion in the posterior upper lobe of the right lung.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002995,"T1-weighted long-axis left-foot magnetic resonance imaging showing marked bone edema of the third metatarsal bone and the third proximal phalanx, and iso-signal widening of the third intermetatarsal space."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002996,"T2-weighted long-axis left-foot magnetic resonance imaging showing marked bone edema of the third metatarsal bone and the third proximal phalanx, and heterogeneous signal widening of the third intermetatarsal space."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002997,Point-of-care ultrasound images with extensive cervical reactive lymphadenopathy (white arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002998,CT scan showing bowel passing through the diaphragmatic defect into thoracic cavity
ROCOv2_2023_valid_002999,Postoperative chest radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003000,"Selected sagittal reformat of the abdominal CT scan showing thrombus in the main super mesenteric artery and one of its major branches (red arrows). Some of the small bowel loops are not enhancing, indicating established bowel ischemia (red asterisks)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003001,"Tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove distance measurement. Superimposed image of the trochlear groove and tibial tuberosity used in the axial images on computed tomography, and here the lateral offset of tibial tuberosity is evaluated."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003002, Cholangiography. The wire-guided catheter was inserted through the endoscope into the ectopic orifice at the pyloric ring.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003003,The longitudinal view of the brachial anastomosis showed an anastomotic length of 9 mm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003004,Noncontrast computed tomography with evidence of portal venous gas.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003005,Contrast-enhanced CT demonstrating patent superior mesenteric and celiac arteries.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003006,The results of a chest CT scan in case I showed normal thymic morphology.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003007,"MRI indicated abnormal signal of thoracic vertebra 1, 2 and soft tissue around the appendix of the vertebra."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003008,Data were measured at 6 months after surgery (d3).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003009,Common arterial trunk (TAC) overriding a large VSD (*)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003010,Initial non-contrast CT head on the day of admission. The arrow indicates the ischemic region that is visible as a hypodense fronto-parietal area extending to the insular cortex and external capsule.CT: Computed Tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003011,Non-contrast CT head on day 3. Red arrow depicts the ischemic area extending through fronto-parietal and temporal areas. White arrow shows mass effect in the form of effacement of the adjacent cortical sulci and ipsilateral lateral ventricle with midline shift towards the left side of 5.5 mm. CT: Computed Tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003012,Chest X-ray shows tracheal deviation toward the left side of the chest (yellow arrow) and thoracic scoliosis (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003013,Brain MRI showed agenesis of the corpus callosum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003014,Sagittal CT scan of the neck showing multiple bilateral cervical lymphadenopathies (blue arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003015,"Computed tomography of the chest.Computed tomography of the chest depicting a right hydropneumothorax (black arrow) with associated right lower lobe atelectasis, diffuse bilateral ground-glass opacities suggestive of a pneumonic process (black arrowheads), right subcutaneous emphysema (white arrow), and right-sided chest tube coursing along the right major fissure (white arrowhead)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003016,Point-of-care ultrasound of the right kidney seen in the transverse plane with curvilinear probe showing an enlarged and hyperechoic kidney (arrow) with surrounding free fluid (arrowhead).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003017,"Chest X-ray Portable Anteroposterior (AP)Arrows show bilateral consolidation and nodular opacities, right greater than left, which may represent some combination of confluent metastatic disease, pneumonia, and pulmonary edema. The heart size is normal. Mediastinal fullness is concerning for adenopathy. There is a small right pleural effusion. No left pleural effusion. No pneumothorax."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003018,"CT of chest, abdomen, and pelvis. The purple arrow shows innumerable pulmonary masses and lymphangitic carcinomatosis in bilateral lungs with focal areas of hypoattenuation consistent with necrosis and mediastinal and bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy with mass effect on multiple bronchi. This is consistent with the patient's biopsy-proven metastatic adenocarcinoma. The red arrow shows bilateral pleural effusions and compressive atelectasis of the right lower lobe."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003019,Sagittal T1-weighted brain MRI demonstrating non-enhancing hyperintense lesion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003020,Axial view of a T1 weighted MRI post-gadolinium enhancement demonstrating the appearance of a 3-cm right parieto-occipital extra-axial mass with bony involvement and adjacent small nodule. Most in keeping with a meningioma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003021,"T1 weighted axial MRI post-gadolinium enhancement 8 weeks postdischarge. Right occipital postsurgical appearances are again demonstrated with reduction in the extent of vasogenic oedema. The enhancing rim that was present previously has retracted, with only focal curvilinear enhancement now evident in the right occipital lobe. These appearances are likely postsurgical/treatment related, and there is no convincing residual or recurrent disease."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003022, Arterial deformity along the attached segment of the facial nerve. The left anterior inferior cerebellar artery deforms the ventral pons along the attached segment of the facial nerve (white arrowhead). The left vertebral artery lies just inferior to the pons (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003023,- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T1 of head and neck transverse section showing extensive para-spinal soft tissue mass lesions.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003024,- Axial FLAIR of the brain demonstrates multiple bilateral cortical/subcortical tubers involving bilateral frontal parietal as well as left temporal lobes with ill-defined gray-white matter junction and cortical thickening.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003025,Axial post contrast fat-saturated T1W image shows tumor in the right temporal bone (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003026,"Axial view of MRI DWI sequence showing diffusion restriction signifying infarction. MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; DWI, diffusion weighted imaging"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003027,"Axial view of T2 weighted MRI depicting hyperintensity in left parietal lobe MRI, magnetic resonance imaging"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003028,X-ray showing bilateral destruction of the hip joints which was more severe on the right side.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003029,X-rays taken 5-years after the second arthroplasty. Note the healed fracture indicated by the arrow.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003030,"MRI showing a large, heterogeneously enhancing mass (arrows) in the right forearm with small, internal foci indicative of necrosis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003031,Crossing veins in the myometrium.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003032,Largest venous plexus diameter measurement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003033,Post-operative MRI. Sagittal MR Imaging T1 with Gadolinium showed a total resection of the pituitary adenoma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003034,MRI show Guyon's canal with a mass inside.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003035,A point-of-care ultrasound image obtained with a linear transducer in the transverse plane illustrates a heterogeneous collection superior and to the right of the urinary bladder surrounded by hyperechoic inflammatory changes. (U = urachal cyst; B = bladder)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003036,"Two‐dimensional (2D) echocardiogram showing huge thrombus in the right atrium, measuring 34.1 × 31.9 mm"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003037,Cranial MRI Showing Sagittal T2-Weighted FLAIR Views of the Demyelinating Lesions in the Juxtacortical Regions
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003038,"Dilated central airways seen in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (central bronchiectasis, arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003039,Normal cecal appendix - ultrasound measurement of cecal appendix diameter (longitudinal section)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003040,Bilateral breast MRIRight breast irregular enhancing mass (yellow arrow) at the 3:00 axis next to the implant measuring 1.9 cm anterior-posterior by 0.8 cm transverse by 0.9 cm craniocaudal located 2.7 cm from the nipple.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003041,Lateral lumbar radiograph. This image and the anteroposterior view (not shown) showed a normal lumbar spine and were collimated above the level of the ischial tuberosity
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003042,"Pelvis MRI, T1 weighted fat saturated sequence with gadolinium-based contrast, axial plane, of the right hip just inferior to the level of the lesser trochanter. The osteochondroma (*) displays a thin post contrast T1 hyperintense rim representing the fibrovascular tissue overlying the thin cartilaginous cap (arrowheads). The overlying adventitial bursa wall is post contrast T1 hyperintense (white dotted line) while the bursal contents are of an intermediate T1 signal intensity, less than skeletal muscle, likely related to its serosanguineous contents. The sciatic nerve (black dotted line) is displaced posteriorly and laterally from its normal course. Anterior (A) and posterior (P), and medial (M) and lateral (L) orientation is noted. Corresponding T2 fat saturated and T1 non fat saturated pre contrast axial slices are attached within the Supplemental File, (Supplemental Fig. 1, Supplemental Fig. 2)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003043,Extensive choledocholithiasis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003044,Splenic alargement due chronic schistosomiasis in a sub-Saharan patient.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003045,Chest computed tomography (CT) scan at presentation reveals diffuse nodular interstitial infiltrates in the upper lobules.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003046,CT scan showing dilated colon and intestine in the sagittal section.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003047,- A computerized tomography scan orbit coronal cut showing bulky right extra ocular muscles with enlarged optic nerve compared with his the left side (inflammatory process).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003048,Lumbar spine computed tomography (axial) measurement of arterial-disc distance
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003049,Lumbar spine computed tomography (sagittal) measurements of vertebra’s and disc’s height and length
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003050,Short axis parasternal section showing dilatation of the right ventricle associated with flattening of the interventricular septum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003051,"Abdominal computed tomography image from a 49-year-old female patient, showing bilateral irregularly enhanced adnexal masses of 4.1 cm and 2.5 cm, respectively (arrow head)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003052,Pathologic fracture of the lumbar spine.Pathologic compression fracture of L2 with retropulsion resulting in moderate spinal canal stenosis and mild right L2/L3 neuroforaminal narrowing.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003053,"Subarachnoid hemorrhages.Multiple peripheral cortical hemorrhagic contusions with surrounding edema, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and planum sphenoidale extra-axial collection."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003054,Test diagram.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003055,Preoperative ultrasound findings showed giant cystic mass in the pelvic cavity
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003056,"Lumbar lateral bending, lumbar 5, sacral 1 vertebral body mismatched with sacrococcygeal vertebrae shape disorder in MRI"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003057,Subdural hematoma on CT of the head. CT of the head demonstrates an acute 10 mm thick subdural hematoma located in the vicinity of the right frontal lobe (shown using blue arrows). There is also a 2 mm midline shift from the septum pellucidum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003058,Negative medial cortical support (NMCS) occurs when humeral head fragments (A) are laterally displaced to the lateral edge of the shaft fragment (B).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003059,Head-shaft angle (HSA) (α+β) is the angle between a line perpendicular to 1 connecting the superior and inferior borders of the humeral head joint surface (A) running through the center of the humeral head (B) and 1 parallel to the long axis of the humeral shaft (C).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003060,PET-CT scan showing no FDG uptake in the pleura.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003061,"Chest X-ray (PA and erect view) showed cardiac size is enlarged with biventricular configuration (The blue line), also evidence of infiltration on the right lower lung zone (yellow arrowheads) suggestive of pneumonia."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003062, Axial CT image of a 43-year-old man with dyspnea showing thrombosis of the main and right pulmonary arteries with mediastinal dilated bronchial arteries. (A higher resolution / colour version of this figure is available in the electronic copy of the article).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003063,"64-year-old woman, atlantoaxial dislocation, basilar invagination. Inferior endplate of the C2 vertebra was unclear due to C2–3 fusion"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003064,"Grade II. A 54-year-old woman. One larger ill-defined lytic bone tumor is observed (solid arrow). Distal to this lesion are several round/oval smaller lytic lesions of varying size (dashed arrows). This is a moth-eaten pattern of bone destruction, i.e., Lodwick growth grade II is assigned. Note that if the larger lesion is considered the dominant (geographic) lesion, the overall resulting growth grade is still II—due to the width of the moth-eaten margin distally. This patient had multiple myeloma"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003065,Grade IC. A 71-year-old woman. A geographic lytic bone tumor in the proximal left humerus is observed. The tumor is geographic in nature and has a ragged and poorly defined margin (solid arrow). Total penetration of cortex is evident (dashed arrow) and results in assignment of Lodwick growth grade IC. The evaluation regarding a sclerotic rim and an expanded shell is not necessary to assign this growth grade. The tumor proved to be diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003066,"Grade IA. A 20-year-old woman. A lobulated, sharply marginated geographic tumor is observed in the medial distal metaphysis of the femur. There is no penetration of cortex; a sclerotic rim is observed (solid arrow). The contour of the cortex is normal (no expanded shell, dashed arrow). This is the combination of descriptors that leads to assignment of Lodwick growth grade IA. The appearance is considered typical for non-ossifying fibroma (NOF); a histological diagnosis is not warranted in such a case [25]"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003067,Sagittal T2‐weighted imaging showing extensive periurethral abscess in the perineum (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003068,"Axial CT image without contrast (slice thickness of 1 mm) of a 68-year-old gentleman shows traction bronchiectases (white circle) and some cystic airspaces with thick fibrous walls (black circles), which represent fibrotic parenchymal changes"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003069,"Coronal proton density fat-saturation MR image exhibits partial undersurface tear of the middle portion of the deltoid muscle (white arrow) at its acromial insertion, in association with a massive retracted full-thickness tear of the supraspinatus tendon. Note the proximal migration of the humeral head and the reduced acromio-humeral interval."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003070,Ultrasound pelvis (arrow showing rudimentary uterus)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003071,MRI abdomen and pelvis (arrow showing rudimentary uterus)MRI: magnetic resonance imaging
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003072,Axial T2 HASTE MRI showing 2.2-cm lesion in segment 8 (black arrow) and 0.8cm lesion in Segment 7 (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003073,"Liver magnetic resonance imaging (axial T2 FRFSE FS POST) at 1.5 years after therapy, which shows stable posttreatment changes at the original anterior tumor location (black arrow). In addition, the proton entry track of the posterior lesion is visible (white arrow). Note an area of normal-appearing liver tissue between the 2 regions with posttreatment changes."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003074,A CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis with contrast revealing a dilatation of the distal jejunum with air fluid levels and fecalization.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003075,Chest X-ray performed for septic screen. The internal jugular vein central venous catheter is visible as indicated by the arrow.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003076,CT angiogram of head and neck. No carotid artery dissection was identified.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003077,Lymphomatous cervical tumour invading the vaginal cavity: MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scan.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003078,"CT images used for the assessment of T12 SMI in OVCF patients. SMI was defined as the sum of the measured muscle area (at the level of the thoracic 12 vertebral body) divided by the square of the patient's height (cm2/m2). Muscle area was calculated by measuring muscle area including erector spinae, latissimus dorsi, internal abdominal oblique, external abdominal oblique, rectus abdominis, external intercostal muscles and intercostal muscles on CT images"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003079,Transthoracic echocardiography revealed anterior wall and apical segments akinesia consistent with anterior MI
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003080,Echocardiography showed hypokinesia in anterior circulation with severe reduction in left ventricular systolic function
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003081,An X-ray image of the Cobb angle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003082,CT scan on day 14 of hospitalization revealed the improvement in the enlargement of the pancreas. CT = Computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003083,"Transverse plane measurement of abdominal wall fat thickness at the umbilicus level. During imaging, good probe–skin contact should be maintained."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003084,Ultrasound view of the uterus 1 month after childbirth. The longitudinal length of the uterus is 8.2 cm. No abnormal structures are visible in either the uterine body or the cervix.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003085, Radiologic findings. Non-contrast facial computed tomography on the day of symptom onset. Infiltrated subcutaneous tissue around silicone implant (arrow) and both malar areas (arrowhead).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003086,Bottom arrow (bigger) showing vegetation on left coronary cusp of the aortic valve. Top arrow (smaller) showing echogenic mobile density on the left pulmonic valve leaflet.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003087,"Without-contrast CT of the abdomen/pelvis of a patient suspected to have biliary obstruction, who was later found to have murine typhus. The red arrow points to subtle pericholecystic fat stranding.CT = computed tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003088,MRI demonstrating acute pancreatitis and a 2.24 cm IPMN.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003089,CT demonstrating resolution of pancreatitis and interval growth of IPMN to 2.4 cm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003090, Abdominal CT (coronal) showing bowel wall thickening and small foci of gas next to the sigmoid colon suggestive of perforation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003091,7-year-old male with left sided pulmonary vein stenosis and a history of aspiration. Axial lung window CT image demonstrates consolidation (asterisk) in the left lower lobe and septal thickening (arrowheads).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003092,Axial gadolinium-enhanced T1 MR Image—bilateral hyper intense subdural fluid collection surrounded by a contrast-enhancing rim. (larger on the left side) with left-to-right midline shift. Neither parenchymal involvement nor related cerebral oedema.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003093,Chest X-ray obtained post-cardiac arrest demonstrating diaphragmatic pacemaker leads embedded in bilateral diaphragms (black arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003094,Postoperative X-ray of left clavicle fracture treated with intramedullary fixation using a titanium elastic nail (TEN)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003095,Example of the paracingulate sulcus (PCS) measurement on anatomical magnetic resonance imaging. The PCS is marked in red line and lies dorsal and parallel to the cingulate sulcus. Measurement was performed within the first quadrant (defined by z  0) and on the fourth sagittal slice for both hemispheres.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003096,Chest radiograph of the patient.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003097,Figure 1. Calculation of HU values ​​of liver and spleen as well as FRS diameter in patient with steatosis (Arrowhead). Pay attention to the difference between the liver and the spleen HU.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003098,Spiral abdomen and pelvic CT demonstrating enlarging metastatic lymphadenopathy within gastrohepatic ligament shown with a red arrow.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003099,Spiral abdomen and pelvic CT demonstrating decreasing metastatic lymph node within gastrohepatic ligament shown with a red arrow.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003100,CT chest (lung window)Right upper lobe nodule (blue arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003101,"PET scan. Intense FDG uptake among right upper lobe nodule and bilateral mediastinal lymph nodes (white arrows)PET, positron emission tomography; FDG, fluorodeoxyglucose"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003102,"Cross view of the abscess at T5 level (arrows)From: Ana Sofia Costa, Department of Radiology, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003103,"Sagittal view of the abscess (arrows)From: Ana Sofia Costa, Department of Radiology, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003104," Computerized tomography image from axial view and coronal view. No intraocular, space-occupying lesions were found."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003105,The separation of the talocalcaneal coalition (arrow) is maintained on plain radiographs at two years follow up.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003106,Coronal image of computed tomography showing a recurrent sinonasal inverted papilloma pedicled on the posterior maxillary sinus wall. There is significant hyperostosis at the origin of the lesion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003107,Chest radiograph PA view. PA - posteroanterior
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003108,Non-operative Brainstem CCM. T2 axial MRI of a patient with familial CCMs found to have a non-hemorrhagic brainstem lesion (white arrow) that does not come to the surface. This patient was closely monitored without operative intervention.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003109,"Angiogram (projection LAO 30 °/ CRA 0°): chronic total occlusion of the mid RCA. Blunt and ambiguous proximal cap, length of 30mm, severely calcified (JCTO 4)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003110,"Angiogram (projection RAO 5°, CAUD 25°): retrograde passage with Corsair Pro 150 cm microcatheter and Sion wire (see the red line) through the remaining RITA graft between the circumflex and the RCA artery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003111,"Rotational atherectomy. Angiogram (projection RAO 25°, CAUD 2°): rotational atherectomy using a 1.5 Burr (see the yellow arrow) through an extra support rota wire."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003112,Chest radiography showed two masses in the lower field and a calcified nodule in the middle field of the right lung. Arrows indicate liver herniations
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003113,CT finding. Follow-up CT after gastrectomy for gastric cancer revealed a mesenteric tumor. There were no other malignant findings.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003114,Normal pancreatic parenchyma. CBD: common bile duct; PC: portal confluence; P HEAD: pancreatic head.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003115,X-ray radiography of patient whose trochanter major fracture (black arrow) was repaired with cerclage with a fracture that developed in the intraoperative osteotomy line (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003116,X-ray radiograph of patient who underwent osteotomy fixation with plate and cable after union.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003117,Three-dimensional MRA shows a tortuous SMA branch with two kinks resulting in significant stenosis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003118,Chest x-ray showing bilateral consolidation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003119,Preoperative duodenography. Dilatation of the proximal duodenum and stagnation of contrast at the third portion of the duodenum was observed.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003120,"Increased spleen size, caudalized and with reduced enhancement after MDC. Noted also intra-abdominal overflow."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003121,Marked overdistension of loops with contralateral dislocation of heart and middle-inferior mediastinum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003122,"CECT image of the neck. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) neck showing thyroiditis with nodule and a large ill-defined hypo-dense lesion in the left lobe of the thyroid, extending to the isthmus, suggestive of an evolving abscess within the thyroid nodule (shown in blue arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003123,"HRCT chest image. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) chest showing cavitating nodules in bilateral lung fields, the largest measuring 3.9 x 2.5 cm in the antero-basal segment of the right lobe (shown in blue arrow).  Multiple small solid nodules were noted in bilateral lung fields, the largest measuring 7 mm in the superior segment of the left lower lobe (shown in orange arrow). "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003124, Echocardiography showed a large pericardial effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003125, Postoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography showing neo-diaphragm with minimal pleural effusion and no recurrence at 14 days.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003126,"Cross-sectional CT scan image showing the delineation of PTV (blue) and pseudo-OAR (pink)CT, computed tomography; PTV, planning target volume; OAR, organ at risk"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003127,AP portable chest x-ray showing pneumothorax and mediastinal air (arrow)AP: anterior-posterior.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003128,Esophagogram showing contrast leak (arrow)XR: x-ray.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003129,Follow-up chest CT showing partial resolution of lesions in both sides
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003130,Chest X-ray demonstrating a venous stent in the left upper extremity with 4 heads in distal segment and 3 heads in proximal segment and a small metallic density over the left lung base (red arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003131,Abdominal radiograph taken right after the first ventriculoperitoneal shunt showing that the distal catheter is in the correct position. The white arrow indicates the tip of the catheter.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003132,Magnetic resonance image of the brain demonstrating revealed an increased signal in the subcortical area posteriorly (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003133,Fluoroscopic image in right anterior oblique (RAO) caudal projection of left coronary system. It revealed left main (LM) aneurysm (black arrow) followed by critical distal LM stenosis 90% and proximal left anterior descending (LAD) artery aneurysm (yellow arrow) with subsequent proximal LAD 100% stenosis. It revealed also tight stenosis of proximal left circumflex (LCX).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003134,Fluoroscopic image in right anterior oblique (RAO) cranial projection of right coronary artery (RCA) exhibited large aneurysm (arrow) in proximal RCA with subsequent 100% occlusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003135,"Admission CT angiogram of the aortic arch and carotids: frontal/coronal views of the neck vasculature demonstrating the disruption of the left vertebral artery and subsequent distal occlusion from the level of C6/7. There is traumatic dissection and occlusion of the left ICA shortly after bifurcation. ICA, internal carotid artery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003136, Abdominal computed tomography scan used a part of diagnosis. Computed tomography scan showing extensive intra-abdominal bulky tumor of 16.5 cm at diagnosis with the presence of ascitis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003137,Chest radiograph showing pulmonary oedema
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003138,PET scan image showing uptake around the conduit valve which is in the pulmonary position. Written consent to publish this image was obtained from the patient
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003139,"Chest CT showing: partially absorption of the miliary foci, suggesting that anti-tuberculosis treatment is effective."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003140,Sagittal MRI of the metastatic lesion abutting the optic chiasm (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003141,Core needle biopsy (CT-guided) of the right lung mass (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003142,CT of the chest showing 2.7 X 1.6 X 1.3 cm cavitary lesion in the left lower lobe
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003143, Radiograph showing apparent good radiographic bone levels
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003144, Intraoral periapical radiograph of 21 showing apparent good radiographic bone level
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003145, Intraoral periapical radiograph six months post debridement showing apparent radiographic bone infill
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003146,AP radiograph demonstrating a right femur approximately 5 months postimplantation of a stainless-steel intramedullary lengthening nail.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003147,AP radiograph demonstrating a left tibia approximately 2 months after placement of an extramedullary stainless-steel limb-lengthening device. Tibial valgus deformity is appreciated.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003148,Postoperative AP radiograph demonstrating a left tibia after an external fixation-assisted plate exchange for tibial realignment.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003149,Left ventricular angiogram in a 56-year-old patient with Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003150,Chest radiograph depicting left-sided pneumothorax (red line) and extensive bilateral nodules (blue arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003151,"X-ray image of a rat, intravesical implant (2 × 2) mm, Elastollan + barium sulphate + a-C:H/Cu-mulitilayer coating. The selected concentration of 25% barium sulphate in the base material shows sufficient X-ray contrast. X-ray C-arm, Ziehm Vista, Zoom 2, 11 cm, Ziehm Imaging GmbH, Berlin, Germany."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003152,"Mammographic view of the right breast shows several round, well-circumscribed, encapsulated, radiolucent masses."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003153,"Chest X-ray in one of the first COVID-19 ARDS patients admitted in our ICU. The patient was turned from prone to the supine position on the 4th ICU day, late in the night, and nasogastric tube position was checked with palpation of a “flash” of air in the epigastrium, although there could not be observed any aspirated fluid. Enteral nutrition was started. Eight hours later the patient became hypoxemic, and increased tracheobronchial secretions were noted. A chest X-ray was ordered which revealed the NGT mispositioning in the right lower lobe. White arrows indicate the misplaced nasogastric tube in the Right Lower Lobe."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003154, Panoramic view of patient 6 months after operation showed complete bone reconstruction without any abnormality
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003155,Transverse view: Right ureterovesical junction stone
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003156,T2-weighted images displayed obvious tear of the annular ligament (the arrow) of the case 14.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003157,Radiography showing bilateral airspace disease typical of COVID-19
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003158,The CT scan of abdomen and pelvis shows bulky lymphadenopathy throughout with massive splenomegaly
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003159,"Parasagittal cervical myelo-CT showing contrast outside the subarachnoid space (red arrow), as evidence of a right-sided C1-C2 CSF fistula."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003160,"Axial C4-C5 level myelo-CT showing contrast outside the subarachnoid space (red arrow), as evidence of a right-sided C4-C5 CSF fistula."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003161,Coronary CT. Radiolucent zone without instability and with fusion of the segments L3-4. Red arrow showing radiolucent zones surrounding the pedicle screws of the lumbar spine L3 at the 12-month follow-up. Procedure in this case: no revision.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003162,Coronal cut showing extensive bullous changes.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003163,CT scan images. CT scan impression: −7 × 8 cm cystic structure noted in the left adnexa—tubo-ovarian abscess hydrosalpinx.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003164,Ultrasound image of the right kidney of a woman with polycythemia rubra vera reveals an echogenic lesion interpreted as angiomyolipoma (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003165,"Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) image from a cardiac magnetic resonance image in the three-chamber view showing significant fibrosis in the anteroseptum of a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Image courtesy Arlene Sirajuddin, MD."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003166,Non-enhanced axial CT scan images of the abdomen and pelvis demonstrate a calcific density at the left ureterovesical junction (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003167,"Transperineal ultrasound pictures: transverse vaginal septum approximately 1.2 cm in thickness appears as a hyperechoic structure. Below, it is seen as a large hypoechoic mass that responds to the accumulation of fluids in the vagina."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003168,Sagittal STIR image of MRI spine demonstrated increase signal from midthoracic extending to the level of conus medullaris. MRI = magnetic resonance imaging.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003169,Computed tomography. Arrowhead showing hyperdensity of the right vertebral artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003170,Ultrasonographic findings. Transverse plane B mode ultrasound image of the midbody of the pancreas (arrows). Note the hypoechoic pancreatic parenchyma with hyperechoic surrounding mesentery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003171,Gray-scale ultrasound showed a well-defined anechoic nodule (arrow) in the right breast.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003172,Chest CT showing patchy bilateral ground-glass infiltrates (arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003173,Repeat chest CT after three months of treatment showing improvement of infiltrates (arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003174,Chest computed tomography (CT) with the lung window setting shows ground-glass shadows and infiltrations in bilateral central lung fields.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003175,Chest CT with the lung window setting shows ground-glass shadows and infiltrations in bilateral lower lung fields.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003176,"Transthoracic echocardiogram with bubble study pre-procedure. Transthoracic echocardiogram with bubble study during the relaxation phase of the Valsalva maneuver. The microbubbles seen in the left ventricle signify a right-to-left shunt and thus a positive test.Beats per minute (BPM), Left atrium (LA), Left ventricle (LV), Right atrium (RA), Right ventricle (RV)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003177,Computed tomography angiography (CTA) demonstrated a marked superior mesenteric artery dissection
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003178,"Chest X-ray showing normal cardio mediastinal silhouette. The pulmonary vasculature is unremarkable. ​No focal airspace opacity, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion is seen​."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003179,Echocardiogram showing epicardial brightness (red arrow) suggestive of pericarditis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003180,"Guided implant planning in zone 1.3 using CBCT, the soft tissue contour, and the digital wax-up. Computer-guided planning of abutment angulation was made according to the digital diagnostic wax-up of the 1.3 element."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003181,CT scout showing the position of the colon.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003182,Transverse computed tomographic image of the thorax at the level of the left caudal lung lobe. Moderate amount of free pleural air is seen in the dorsal aspect of the left hemithorax. Two bullae are seen in the ventral aspect of the left caudal lung lobe. Both are surrounded by focal alveolar infiltration (pink arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003183,Ultrasonography shows a hypoechoic lesion with internal echogenic foci and posterior acoustic enhancement
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003184,Free gas on CT.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003185, Intra-operative fluoroscopy image capture. Representative image of observer obtained leg length discrepancy measurements on a saved intra-operative fluoroscopic view of the pelvis. Image capture was performed by the OEC image intensifier intra-operatively as described. Shown is a line drawn through bilateral radiographic teardrops with perpendicular lines to the medial prominence of bilateral lesser trochanters.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003186,Computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen showing the liver abscess (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003187,Repeat computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003188,Axial computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis showing “whirl” sign in the right scrotum at the inferior periphery of the image suggestive of testicular torsion. The white arrow and circle highlight this finding.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003189,"Left pterygopalatine fossa puncture mid-diameter design: puncture depth was 7.39 cm, and puncture angle (angle between puncture direction and sagittal plane) wss 48.82°"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003190,"Enhanced CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis showing a hypodense, non-enhancing right ovarian mass, measuring 3.3 × 3 × 3 cm (anteroposterior, transverse, and craniocaudal dimensions), mostly composed of macroscopic fat and containing internal calcification (red arrow). There is another hypodense, non-enhancing mass at the left ovary measuring 2.8 × 2.5 × 2.7 cm (anteroposterior, transverse, and craniocaudal dimensions) also composed of fat (yellow arrow). Findings are consistent with bilateral ovarian teratomas."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003191,Chest radiograph with complete left-sided pleural effusion with a resultant mass effect and significant deviation of the mediastinum to the right.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003192,Immediate postchest tube thoracostomy chest radiograph demonstrating resolution of the mass effect and midline trachea.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003193,X-ray chest and spine (PA view) shows kyphoscoliosis at T10-L2 vertebral levels (arrow).PA: posteroanterior
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003194,Abdominal tomography few days later showing aggravated pancreatitis to stage B
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003195,CT angiography of the head and neck. Small right apical pneumothorax (solid arrow) and pneumomediastinum (nonsolid arrows) are demonstrated.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003196,Abdominal x-ray. Red circle showing the bullet in the left inguinal region
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003197,"A 55-year-old male patient with long standing wrist pain and limited range of motion. Scapholunate ligament disruption (large open arrow), radiolunate joint space narrowing (small open arrow) and mid-carpal osteoarthritis (arrows) are diagnostic of a SLAC wrist. The altered shape of the scaphoid is due to its rotatory subluxation."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003198,"A 42-year-old male patient with pseudarthrosis following previous scaphoid fracture. Coronal CT reconstruction showing the fracture non-union (arrow), the proximal pole osteosclerosis with cyst formation (arrowhead) and the subarticular osteosclerosis of the radial styloid (open arrow) in keeping with early osteoarthritis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003199,Correctly positioned superior–inferior axial shoulder using the Lewis modification.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003200,PTC showing dilation of intrahepatic biliary tree with abnormal tapering in the mid bile duct and lack of contrast filling distally.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003201,Initial CT abdomen and pelvis in the axial view. CT abdomen and pelvis showed gallbladder distention (solid arrow) and increased prominence of the common bile duct (dashed arrow). No obstructing stone or mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003202,"Right upper quadrant ultrasound Ultrasound showing delimitation of the gallbladder lumen, findings consistent with sloughed mucosa (solid arrow) seen in membranous gangrenous cholecystitis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003203,Transthoracic echocardiogram of 73-year-old female at the left sternal border showing apical ballooning (white dotted line) in the long axis (top) and m-mode (bottom).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003204,Magnetic resonance imaging without contrast. The hyperintense areas (black arrows) in the cerebrum are increased T2/weighted-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery signal representing ventriculitis consistent with cryptococcal meningitis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003205,"CT scan of the same patient, with various types of bronchiectasis: (1) cylindrical bronchiectasis with moderate bronchial wall thickening; (2) varicose bronchiectasis; and (3) a round/spiculated consolidation, corresponding to previous LUS consolidation. CT score = 62."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003206,"LUS: coalescent B lines, with a very small subpleural consolidation (2 points) and 2 coalescent B lines (2 points), corresponding to mucus-filled varicose bronchiectasis; examination of the same patient’s right posterior hemithorax."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003207,Chest radiograph obtained 3 days postoperatively.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003208,Immediate post-operative lateral view radiograph showing revision of spinal construct after removal of TM cage and insertion of TLIF PEEK cage.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003209,Central giant cell granuloma extends from the right first molar to the midline of the mandible. Panoramic reconstructed cone-beam computed tomographic image with 2-mm thickness shows scalloped borders (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003210,72-year-old male involved in a motor vehicle accident. Axial multidetector CT angiographic image shows a thin linear raised intimal flap in the left common carotid artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003211,Right common carotid artery injury in a 71-year-old male who presented following a motor vehicle accident. Axial multidetector CT angiographic image shows dissection in the distal right common carotid artery. The located true lumen is moderately narrowed by the false lumen but remains patent.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003212,40-year-old female with right vertebral artery intramural hematoma. Axial image multidetector CT angiographic image shows right vertebral artery mural thickening consistent with intramural hematoma with moderate luminal narrowing.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003213,Long segment left internal artery occlusion in a 70-year-old male patient brought in by ambulance with multiple injuries following a motor vehicle accident. Coronal multidetector CT angiographic image shows tapering occlusion of the left internal carotid artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003214, X-ray of esophagus. Correct location of the stent in the gastroesophageal junction was visualized.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003215,"CT pulmonary angiogram demonstrated left hydopneumothorax. There were multiple air fluid levels distributed throughout the left lower pleural cavity. Delineation between the left lower lobe and fluid collection was not clear. The differential remained pleural collection, parenchymal collection, necrosis and abscess."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003216,Axial enhanced T1-weighted MR imaging demonstrates a circumscribed enhancing tumor extending from subcutaneous tissue in the right infraorbital space (size 42x31 mm) with oppression of the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003217,CT abdomen and pelvis with contrast showing fluid collection hypodense around the VP shunt denoted with a white arrow.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003218,"Adductor canal block. The needle (yellow arrows) is injecting local anesthetic (blue area) which is spreading into the adductor canal. In the proximities, the superficial femoral artery (FA) is anterior to the superficial femoral vein (FV). The Sartorius muscle (SM) is more superficial."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003219,Representative CTA image of the chest showing a heterogeneous mass in the right atrium of the heart.Blue arrow indicates the location of the mass. CTA: computed tomography angiography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003220,Small bowel study with red arrow showing persistent focal dilation of small bowel loops
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003221,CT scan of abdomen and pelvis revealed focal dilation of mid-jejunal small bowel with inflammatory changes in the mesenteric fat and a jejunal diverticulum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003222,"A sample scoring on an axial CT image of a 66-year-old man demonstrates a total score of 15, calculated as 3 (consolidation) × 3 (50–75% distribution in the right zone) + 2 (ground-glass opacity) × 2 (25–50% distribution in the left zone) + 2 (ground-glass opacity) × 1 (<25% distribution in the right zone)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003223,A computed tomographic thorax scan obtained before COVID-19 infection (July).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003224,A computed tomographic thorax scan obtained during COVID-19 infection after steroid treatment (November 18).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003225,Anteroposterior chest radiography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003226,"CT: a tumor mass located in the upper and middle anterior mediastinum, fully occupying the retrosternal space with prominent left paramedian extension."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003227,Computed tomography (CT) image showing a large infiltrating mass in the left lung with moderate pleural effusion and bulky mediastinal adenopathy.CT indicates computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003228,CT abdomen and pelvis with IV contrast in axial view. Shows the dilated pancreatic duct 5 mm (black arrow) and pancreas divisum emptying into a duodenal diverticulum. Intraluminal duodenal diverticulum (red arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003229,Chest X-ray obtained after re-admission to ICU. Notable for the widened mediastinum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003230,"Representative sagittal computed tomography image for DISH, OPLL, OLF, OSIL and ONL. DISH, diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis; OLF, ossification of the ligamentum flavum; ONL, ossification of the nuchal ligament; OPLL, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament; and OSIL, ossification of the supra/interspinous ligaments."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003231,"Positron emission tomography scan after four cycles of chemotherapy, showing complete metabolic response, Deauville score 2."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003232,Echocardiography. Continuous wave spectral Doppler demonstrating a peak gradient through the left ventricular outflow tract of approximately 82 mmHg with Valsalva manoeuvre in the context of mitral valve systolic anterior motion (SAM).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003233,Chest radiography indicates increased opacities in the right lower lung field with an air-fluid level.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003234,"Patient with iatrogenic stenosis of the right proximal ureter, in whom antegrade (cystoscopic) DJ stenting was attempted without success. Because of the significant stenosis of the proximal ureter, dilation with a 4 × 80 mm balloon was performed. Note the balloon dilation (arrow) at the point of obstruction and the stent in place."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003235," Intraoperative cholangiography showed that the intrahepatic bile duct was visualized by percutaneous puncture catheter-based injection of the contrast agent, but the biliary tract system was not clearly visualized, the duodenum was not visualized, and there was no contrast agent in the abdominal cavity. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003236,"Illustration of a true positive case. Siemens ACUSON S2000 with a linear array probe 9L4 H8.00 MHz. H hernia, U urinary bladder"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003237,Panoramic radiograph of the patient. Pathological fractures associated with mandibular osteomyelitis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003238,"- Plain x-ray, anteroposterior view in supine position shows no evidence of infiltration."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003239,"Left ventricle aneurysm with dilated left ventricle.Left ventricle aneurysm as seen by transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) to help demonstrate the aneurysm, and the dilated left ventricle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003240,Sagittal supersonic shear imaging elastography image.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003241,Posterior radiotherapy field to the spinal cord
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003242,T1W brain MRI 9 months after finishing treatment showing a significant reduction in the posterior cranial fossa lesion as indicated by the arrow
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003243,Computed tomography features of malakoplakia. Arrows denote the right bladder lesion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003244,"In the scout image taken from the patient, there was a soft tissue mass in the left lower quadrant (arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003245,Chest CT demonstrating apical fibrosis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003246,"CT-Scan of a 25 year old male who presented with a chondroblastic osteosarcoma of the left proximal humerus, infiltrating the left glenohumeral joint and the muscles of the upper arm and rotator cuff, including latissimus dorsi and both pectoral muscles (staged at cT2 cN0, and cM1)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003247,"Transvaginal ultrasound scan showing a transverse view of pelvis, with annotation of the left ovary (LT OV), adjacent to the ectopic pregnancy (ECTP) and a small amount of echogenic free fluid (FF) within the adnexa. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003248,Coronary angiogram demonstrating 60% stenosis of the mid-left anterior descending artery. Obstruction is demonstrated by the red arrow.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003249,Coronary angiogram demonstrating total occlusion of the distal left anterior descending artery. Obstruction is demonstrated by the red circle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003250,Test diagram.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003251,Echocardiography of the patient after chemotherapy from November 2020.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003252,Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of brain White asterisk (*) shows old lacunar infarcts in the right lentiform nucleus; yellow * shows old infarcts in the left external capsules.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003253,"Example image of DXA cervical spine scan with regions of interest traced. Note that “1”, “2”, “3”, “4” refer, respectively to C3, C4, C5 and C6"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003254,Ultrasonography. A 45.3 mm-diameter relatively smoothly marginated hypoechoic mass containing multiple calcifications.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003255,MRI. A 3.7 × 5.6 × 4.7 cm mass at the lower inner portion of the left breast. MRI = magnetic resonance imaging.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003256,"Computed tomography axial section reveals free intraperitoneal air in the anterior abdomen, diffuse ascites with air-fluid levels, and a few gas-filled small bowel loops (red arrows)TI: Time per rotation, GT: gantry tilt, A: anterior, R: right, C: center, W: window, SL: slice level."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003257,CT consistent with small bowel intussusception and inflammatory changes at the mesentery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003258,Coronal view of a computed tomography angiogram depicting the central venous line coursing through the internal carotid artery and terminating at the aortic arch (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003259,Axial view of a computed tomography angiogram depicting the central venous line tip seen in the aortic arch (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003260,Coronal computed tomography of the pelvis shows the 7-centimeter cystic structure (star) within the pelvis with surrounding fluid. Along the right side of the cystic structure there is extension into the location of the area of the right fallopian tube (arrowheads).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003261,"What was thought to be a perforated duodenal ulcer and a thin wisp of contrast adjacent to 3 extraluminal foci of gas, denoted by the yellow arrow, turned out to be a perforated jejunal diverticula visualized during surgery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003262,Transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrating small pericardial effusion. Red arrow demonstrating the small pericardial effusion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003263,Computerised Tomography identifying a 28 mm lesion at the apex of the left ventricle and another 40 mm lesion in the proximal interventricular wall (indicated by arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003264,Computed tomography of the chest at 1 month after the thoracostomy. The subpleural lung parenchyma was necrosed along the subpleural line (arrowheads).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003265,Computed tomography of the chest after the endobronchial occlusion showing appropriate deployment of silicone spigots at right B8 (arrow) and B9 (arrowheads) and the absence of the bronchial fistulas.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003266,"Anteroposterior pelvis radiograph shows bilateral total hip arthroplasties, with the right hip undergoing revision for recurrent instability without periacetabular bone loss."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003267,Frog lateral view shows a medial wall defect. This view does not provide additional information compared with the anteroposterior view with regard to the extent and location of acetabular bone loss.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003268,Cross-table lateral X-ray demonstrating posterior column osteolysis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003269,Anteroposterior standing radiograph of a static nonarticulating spacer shows massive acetabular bone loss and abductor deficiency.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003270,Computed tomography of the head without contrast showing right frontal external vascular drain placement (red arrow). Also evident is diffuse loss of gray/white differentiation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003271,Brain MRI showing new areas representing subacute watershed infarctions with several punctate areas of acute infarction within the bilateral anterior cerebral artery/middle cerebral artery watershed territories.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003272,Chest X-ray of Case 2Blue arrows show bilateral pleural effusion and yellow arrows show bilateral pneumonitis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003273,Chest X-ray of Case 5The blue arrow shows pleural effusion and the yellow arrows show bilateral patchy opacities
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003274,MRI showed a lobulated mass (4.1 × 3.8 × 4.8 cm) in the left paramedian anterior chest wall. MRI revealed the invasion of rectus abdominis muscle (red arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003275,Axial CT images of a patient with a ruptured hemangioma (H) and a subcapsular hematoma (asterix). The left gastric artery (LGA) can be seen medial to the stomach (S). The accessory left hepatic artery (aLHA) originates from the LGA and courses directly into the left liver (type 6 variant).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003276,"CT images of a patient with a periampullary tumor and a dilated biliary tree. The dilated left (LHD) and right hepatic ducts (RHD) are seen at the liver hilum. Corresponding to this, the proper hepatic artery has divided normally into a left hepatic artery (LHA) and right hepatic artery (RHA) at the hilum. This patient also has an accessory right hepatic artery (A-RHA) as a type 6 variant."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003277,Panoramic US imaging for the anterior thigh.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003278,Computed tomography demonstrates pericardial calcification (white arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003279,The transvaginal sonography revealed a right adnexal complex mass measuring 8.1 × 3.8 cm that did not resolve after three months of expectant management.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003280,"CT scan of the chest (sub carina level, mediastinal window) in the patient with acute histoplasmosis and HIV with no evidence of lymph node enlargement."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003281,CT scan of the abdomen in the patient with acute disseminated histoplasmosis with no evidence of Liver or Spleen lesions.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003282,CT angio pulmonary with contrast showing confluent patchy right lower lobe basal segment consolidation representing mostly pulmonary infarction
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003283,Computed Tomography Angiography of Abdomen & Pelvis with contrast displaying intraluminal fluid enhancement in the colon suggestive of viral enterocolitis. No bowel wall thickening or bowel edema reflective of inflammatory changes was noted. (Axial View).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003284,Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealing atrophic bilateral adrenal glands (red arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003285,CT scan (coronal view) showing huge right retroperitoneal tumor with central necrosis (thick arrow) pushing the IVC (thin arrow) anteriorly to the right. The left renal vein (arrowhead) is being pushed inferiorly. The IVC and left renal vein are being stretched over the tumor without signs of an invasion.IVC: Inferior vena cava.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003286,MRI showing a huge right retroperitoneal tumor pushing the IVC (arrow) without invasion.IVC: Inferior vena cava.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003287,Panoramic X-ray film revealing a 10 cm expansile multilocular radiolucency with poorly demarcated borders in the body of the right mandible.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003288,Heterogeneous soft tissue mass involving lateral wall of right maxilla and alveolar process axial view.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003289,Chest X-ray showing widespread interstitial infiltrates and cardiomegaly due to pulmonary edema.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003290,"Apparent diffusion coefficient MRI of the brain showing decreased signal intensity in the region of the left frontal operculum (arrow), which confirms an acute left opercular stroke. Increased signal intensity in the region of the right frontal operculum (arrowhead) confirms a chronic infarct."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003291," Unenhanced axial computed tomography image of a 43-year-old male patient with COVID-19. Five different ROIs (using a circular ROI of 1 cm2) were drawn over five anatomical parts of the pancreas to assess the attenuation value of the organ by taking the average of the 5 HU values collected from the ROIs. Shown here are the measurements from the neck, body and tail of the pancreas (37, 34 and 37 HU, respectively). The average attenuation value of the pancreas was 35 HU in this patient.HU: Hounsfield unit; ROI: Region of interest."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003292,Axial T2 flair MR image revealing hypersignal and enhancement of the left optic nerve.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003293,Chest X-ray after stopping ventilator assisted ventilation showed the inflammatory changes of both lungs were significantly improved
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003294,Transverse view of CT scan of chest without contrast showing a right lung cavitary lesion with thickened walls measuring 3.3 cm x 3.7 cm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003295,Transverse view of CT scan of the abdomen without contrast showing a peritoneal nodule measuring 1.2 cm x 1.7 cm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003296,OPG showing a well-defined radiolucent periapical lesion associated with right mandibular premolars and first molar. OPG- Orthopantamogram
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003297,A 34-year-old man who developed cough and fever in the fifth month post-transplant. CT scan showing parenchymal consolidation in the lingula. Note the discrete ground-glass opacities in the lower lung lobes and the small focus of consolidation in the left lower lobe. Blood culture revealed A. baumannii.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003298,"A 40-year-old woman with fever, dyspnea and hypoxemia in the second month post-transplant. CT scan showing an interstitial pattern with diffuse ground-glass opacities. Antigenemia for cytomegalovirus was positive."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003299,"Chest radiograph showing numerous short, hyper-dense, thread-like fragments in the chest and neck."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003300,Ultrasound image showing a large mass in a phosphate-buffered saline-treated mouse (control) in the abdomen (right iliac fossa)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003301," Magnetic resonance (T2 axial sequence): Left extraforaminal disc herniation (arrow). Nerve roots are clearly depicted (arrowheads), the left one being thinned, kinked and dislocated postero-superiorly by the herniation."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003302, Magnetic resonance (T1 sagittal sequence): L3-L4 intraforaminal herniation compressing the L3 root. Perineural fat obliteration is evident.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003303,"Sagittal MRI, TIRM T2w sequence in a 12-year-old boy diagnosed with enthesitis-related arthritis shows BME in the dens (black arrow) and atlantoaxial effusion (white arrow). MRI—magnetic resonance imaging, TIRM T2w-turbo inversion recovery magnitude T2 weighted, BME—bone marrow edema."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003304,Chest CT shows a solitary nodule with spicula measuring 3 cm × 2 cm in the S6 of the right lung
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003305,Computerized tomography scan of the brain after 2 days showing subdural/extra‐axial hyperdensity along the left frontal and temporal convexities and right temporal convexity (thin arrow) as well as wedge‐shaped parenchymal hypodensity in the right parieto‐occipital region suggestive of thromboembolic ischemic infarct/septic emboli (thick arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003306,Landmarks on lateral cephalograms
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003307,Chest X-ray images revealed bilateral patchy infiltration.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003308,CTPA revealed many diffuse bilateral pulmonary nodules measuring up to 1.5 cm and an ill-defined mass with speculated margins noted in the left upper lobe (white arrow).CTPA: computed tomography pulmonary angiogram
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003309,Non-contrast computed tomography of the chest at admission. Diffuse frosted shadows in both lungs and an infiltrative shadow in the right lower lobe can be observed (yellow arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003310,"Normal gallbladder with wall thickness measuring 0.3 cm. No cholelithiasis or pericholecystic fluid, and homogenous hepatic parenchyma."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003311,Right lower lobe peripheral ground glass opacity suggestive of early bronchopneumonia with minimal changes of early ground glass opacity in left lower lobe also
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003312,Chest X-ray showing bronchopneumonia in left lung predominantly in the mid-zone
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003313,A small pleural effusion on right side
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003314,A dense opacity in left upper lobe in addition to bilateral lesions suggestive of COVID-19 bronchopneumonia
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003315,Chest x ray showing mediastinal and surgical emphysema
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003316,CT scan chest showing mediastinal and surgical emphysema
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003317,"Ultrasound of right kidney, which measures 10.4 × 4.3 × 4.4 cm. There is minor renal cortical thinning asymmetrically involving the mid-pole cortex. The cortex is mildly hyperechoic. No sonographic evidence of calculus or ureteral dilatation."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003318,"Axial computed tomography section of temporal bone shows, right aural atresia, and fullness and haziness in the middle ear."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003319,Ultrasonography of the stomach 27 days after starting antimicrobial therapy. Previously described fundic lesions appear to no longer be present in the stomach wall (arrowheads).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003320,Hard tissue and soft tissue landmarks on lateral cephalogram. Red and blue points show hard tissue landmarks on lateral cephalogram; yellow points show soft tissue landmarks. N: nasion; S: sella; P: porion; Or: orbitale; Ar: articulare; ANS: anterior nasal spine; A: subspinale; UI: upper incisor; LI: lower incisor; B: supramental; Pog: pogonion; Me: menton; Go: gonion; G: glabella; N': nasion of soft tissue; Prn: pronasale; Cm: columella; Sn: subnasale; UL: upper lip; Stoms: stomion superius; Stomi: stomion inferius; LL: lower lip; B': soft tissue B point; Pog': pogonion of soft tissue; Me': menton of soft tissue.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003321,"Ultrasound with color doppler along the hepatic dome demonstrates a peripherally echogenic round avascular mass (red arrow), which is centrally obscured by the echogenic walls."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003322,Example frame from four-chamber trans-thoracic echocardiography showing venous gas emboli circulating in the right atrium and ventricle. These appear as bright spots against the dark background that is the blood inside the chambers. The dashed ellipse outlines the venous chambers where venous gas emboli are typically seen when present.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003323,UCA by TVS.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003324,"X-ray of the abdomen and pelvis without contrast, supine position, lateral view displaying diffuse ascites (white arrowheads) and pneumoperitoneum (white arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003325,"CT of the abdomen and pelvis without contrast, supine position, coronal view displaying diffuse ascites (white arrowheads) and PI (black arrows).PI - pneumatosis intestinalis"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003326,The distance between the tibia and the talus was measured during the X-ray imaging test. The white solid line represents the shortest distance between the tibia and talus. ‘Lip’ indicates the posterior lip of the tibia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003327,CT abdomen and pelvis without contrast. Distended cecum and ascending colon shown herniating through the epiploic foramen of Winslow (not shown). The cecum and ascending colon inferiorly displaced the stomach.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003328,Chest X-ray showing diffuse patchy and confluent right greater than left airspace disease with consolidation and micronodular densities.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003329,Axial cone-beam computed tomographic image shows a radiopaque (soft tissue attenuation) mass in the left sphenoid sinus and superior nasal cavity. The white arrow shows perforation of the anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003330,Coronal cone-beam computed tomographic image shows the presence of a radiopaque (soft tissue attenuation) mass in the left superior nasal cavity and remodeling of the adjacent middle concha. Focal perforation of the cribriform plate is noted (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003331,Postoperative follow-up
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003332,Position of ROIs used for analyzing different tissue types (bone: red; fat: blue; and muscle: green).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003333,Chest x-ray showing outline of retrocardiac opacity and mild interstitial ground glass opacities bilaterally.Arrow demonstrates the extrinsic compression of the left atrium by the giant hiatal hernia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003334,Alternate axial view of CT chest with compression of left atrium by a giant hiatal hernia.LA: left atrium; HH: hiatal hernia
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003335,Subxiphoid view of TTE with visible hiatal hernia exhibiting compressive effect on left atrium and left ventricle (arrow).TTE: transthoracic echocardiogram
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003336,"Radiologic criteria indicating if a Lisfranc injury is present in a plain dorsoplantar radiography, as published by Buehren [5]. Buehren A: The shaft axis of the second metatarsal bone physiologically points at the center of the second cuneiform. In this example, the axis does not project at the center, suggesting a Lisfranc injury. Buehren B: The distance of the basis of the first and second metatarsal bone should not exceed 3 mm. In this example, the distance was 7.5 mm. Buehren C: The tangent of the medial basis of the fourth metatarsal bone should exactly be in line with the medial cortex of the cuboid, as seen in this example. The red curved line indicates the position of the Lisfranc ligament between C1 and M2, which is suspected to be torn in this example"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003337,Radiographic parameters.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003338,Axial view.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003339,Anteroposterior x-ray image of the pelvis at 6 months follow up.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003340,Transverse thoracic diameter (TTD) estimated by determining a transverse section of the fetal chest at the level of the heart (4-chamber view).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003341,Chest X-ray in posteroanterior view with implanted leadless pacing system in the interventricular septum in the right ventricle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003342,Sagittal view of CT scan demonstrates a level of the left hemidiaphragm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003343,preoperative CT imaging revealed a massive diaphragmatic herniation into the left thorax. As visible on the CT image dextrocardia was present and abdominal organs compressed the left lung resulting in massive dyspnoea of the presented patient (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003344,Magnetic resonance imaging findings demonstrating symmetrical bilateral supratentorial restriction in keeping with leukoencephalopathy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003345,Head CT scan of the patient at first hospitalization.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003346,"A radiograph of the right front foot (RF, hoof #12) obtained from a horse with severe laminitis, prior to euthanasia, with evidence of rotation (red arrows) of the pedal bone within the hoof capsule. Radiographs were taken by Ballarat Equine Clinic and are provided here with their permission."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003347,"Axial view of midline with non-visualization of the CSP, showing directly the columns of the fornix. Additionally, we can observe microcephaly. Measurements corresponding to a gestational age of 16 weeks."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003348,"In sagittal section, the corpus callosum is not present. Both findings are consistent with total ACC."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003349,"Sagittal section of the fetal profile, where nasal bone, prefrontal edema and mild micrognathia could be seen."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003350,Mild deviation of the cardiac axis to the left.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003351,Feet located in forced hyperflexion and with reduced mobility.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003352,Computed tomography (axial view) done after the embolization showing coil in the left gastric artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003353,"Computed tomography scan performed 4 days after the first scan shows diffuse cortical hypodensity of both cerebral hemispheres, with a more evident loss of grey-white matter differentiation with gyral effacement and compression of lateral ventricles"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003354,CT of the chest with contrast showing multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003355,T2 sequence of brain MRI with contrast showing bilateral cerebral hemispheres
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003356,Identification of varicocoele at gray‐scale US. Serpiginous varicosities are seen (arrowheads) larger than 3 mm above the testis (T) with low‐level internal echoes
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003357,The radiographic landmarks used for determining the SDA (represented as angle ABC).Point A represents the junction of the nasal septum with the floor of the nasal cavity. Point B represents the Crista Galli. The line BC represents a tangent drawn from point B and passing through the outermost part on the convexity of the deviated septum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003358,Measurement of gallbladder wall thickness in a patient with cirrhotic ascites.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003359,Vascularity detected at the periphery (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003360,Mild free fluid also noted in abdomen (star).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003361, Anteroposterior lower lumbar spine preoperative radiograph demonstrates prominent L5 transverse processes bilaterally (left greater than right). The left transverse process appears to articulate with the sacrum (arrow demonstrates articulation).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003362,Simple chest x-ray
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003363,Snaring catheter aside the guide wire
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003364,Chest x‐ray showing diffuse granular shadows in the lungs on day 0 when tuberculous meningitis secondary to miliary tuberculosis was diagnosed and treatment with steroids and anti‐tuberculous drugs started at the fourth hospital
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003365,"Lateral radiographic projection of hip region in Dog 4. There are fractures of L7 (white arrow), lumbosacral displacement, and a large bladder from lower motor neuron deficit."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003366," Color-ultrasound of the urinary bladder area suggested an enlarged prostate of approximately 9.29 cm × 10.98 cm × 9.62 cm in size protruding into the urinary bladder. Multiple cystic, hypoechoic lesions were detected in the prostate gland, and no evident signs of blood flow were seen in the hypoechoic lesions (arrowheads). Prostate hyperplasia with cystic degeneration was considered."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003367,Measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) by ultrasonography. The outer diameter of the optic nerve sheath was measured 3 mm behind the optic disc.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003368,"This patient had previously undergone resection of a left temporal melanoma metastasis and cavity SRS at an external institution (radiation dose-fractionation unclear), followed by intensity-modulated RT (20 Gy in 5 fractions) for localized leptomeningeal recurrence about two years later. Coronal post-contrast T1WI performed 15 months after the last episode of irradiation demonstrates separate (non-contiguous) areas of enhancement (arrowheads) around the left Sylvian fissure. The distribution, morphology and non-contiguous nature of this enhancement, conforming to the RT field, suggests RN, which was confirmed by subsequent regression"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003369,Panoramic radiography of the lesion in the left mandible. Panoramic radiography showing a rounded radiolucent lesion with irregular border
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003370,"Arrow: thrombosed right ovarian vein. Arrowhead: inferior vena cava. Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4: Halima Al-Amri (2020). Radiologic images of the patient, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003371,"Arrow points to right ovarian vein. Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4: Halima Al-Amri (2020). Radiologic images of the patient, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003372,"CT of the head/brain without contrast showing a large left frontal intraparenchymal hematoma measuring up to 5.7cm with surrounding edema and intraventricular hemorrhage within the lateral, third, and fourth ventricles. CT, computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003373,Contrast CT scan of the brain shows a non-enhancing hypodense lesion in the pre-pontine cistern.CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003374,T2 sagittal MRI scan of the brain shows a hyperintense lesion in the retroclival region without any bony change.MRI: magnetic resonance imaging
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003375, Computed tomography of laryngeal chondrosarcoma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003376,Measurement of the Fowler-Philip angle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003377,The patient's chest radiograph when admitted to the emergency department.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003378,"CT angiogram of the thorax performed after six sessions of plasmapheresis, revealing an impressive decrease of the extent of DAH."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003379,MRI of the right and left breasts.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003380,PET-CT image showing the pancreatic tumor (white arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003381,Transthoracic echocardiogram from 4 months prior to patient current presentation not showing any left ventricular thrombus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003382,Echocardiogram 2 months post-discharge showing resolution of left ventricular thrombus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003383,Chest radiograph on the first day of hospitalization showing tracheal excursion to the right side and consolidation in the right lung.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003384,Computed tomography scan of the thorax showing improvement of bilateral opacification and traction bronchiectasis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003385,Post-mastectomy radiotherapy planning in patient with bilateral implant-based breast reconstruction.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003386,Chest radiograph demonstrating adequate cardiac pacemaker placement
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003387,Axial contrast-enhanced computed tomography image. A short segment circumferential soft tissue mass within the sigmoid colon and luminal narrowing (arrow) consistent with a tumor. There is a small lymph node adjacent to the lesion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003388,Chest X-ray of the patient. The yellow arrow represents the widening of the pulmonary artery segment; the red arrow represents the enlargement of the RA; and the green arrow represents the enlargement of the RV
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003389,Abdominal computed tomography scan showed an enteroatmospheric fistula on the midline of the abdomen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003390,Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the facial nerve. Axial T1-weighted postcontrast MRI scan demonstrating enhancement at the right internal acoustic canal (IAC) fundus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003391,Posttreatment orthopantomogram.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003392,Kidney–ureter–bladder film 5 days after the second operation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003393,"Successful restenting of the occluded proximal RCA with TIMI grade III flow.RCA, right coronary artery; TIMI, thrombolysis in myocardial infarction"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003394,Division of the tibial plafond: lateral area A and medial area B
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003395,A CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis revealed giant hydronephrosis of the right kidney and mild hydronephrosis of the left kidney.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003396,A JJ catheter was installed in the right ureter.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003397,Magnetic resonance imaging scan sagittal view showed stenosis at C4/5.Magnetic resonance imaging scan after six moths showed worsening of cervical stenosis at level above proximal junction level C4/5.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003398,Axial slice of CT Head following Cs-131 GammaTile® placement showing the dose distribution of 60Gy prescribed to a 5mm depth. Cs-131: Cesium-131
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003399,Computed tomography imaging showing the intimal flap in the aorta diagnosed as acute Stanford type A aortic dissection
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003400,Short stem anatomic TSA. AP X-ray of anatomic TSA with short humeral stem.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003401,Anatomic TSA with posteriorly augmented glenoid polyethylene. Axillary X-ray of posteriorly augmented glenoid polyethylene.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003402,RSA with augmented baseplate. Axillary X-ray of augmented glenoid baseplate.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003403,"A virtual dotted line vertically crosses the pedicle of lumbar vertebra 4, which is the needle target point of left L4 transforaminal epidural injection."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003404,"Cone-beam computed tomography demonstrating mild to moderate pneumothorax after microcoil positioning. Pneumothorax had to be drained, once the second lesion localization was impaired by atelectasis"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003405,Arrow point towards hepatic abscess with percutaneous drainage in place
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003406,Plain radiograph (anteroposterior view) showing a heterogeneous soft-tissue swelling with calcification in the anterior aspect of the second MCPJ. MCPJ: metacarpophalangeal joint.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003407,Ultrasound image during uPARP showing the guidance of the needle (arrow) towards the meconium-filled rectal pouch.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003408,Fluoroscopic view of metatarsal metaphyseal osteotomy with lateral head displacement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003409,Post-operative six-month follow-up ultrasonography: the integrity of the repaired rotator cuff tendon was intact
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003410,Cardiac echography showing a tumor with a 12-mm diameter in the wall of the left ventricle (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003411,PET showed a high degree of FDG accumulation in the left ventricular myocardium (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003412,"Postoperative panoramic image showing the excision site, the canal obturations of teeth starting from tooth 45 to 33, and the metal wire suture of 45 to 44"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003413,Positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) shows the accumulation of the tracer in a tumor in the right upper lobe.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003414,"Ultrasonographic placental image: placental lakes (arrow), fibrin deposits, signs of thrombosis (arrowhead), and subplacental blood pools are observed."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003415,Lateral view identified the presence of a significant calcified aorta from the L2-L5 region.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003416,"CT scan obtained after closed reduction and percutaneous pinning of a medial subtalar dislocation, which was unstable after reduction. Note the posterior process fracture extending into the subtalar joint. Large fragments such as these need to be fixed."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003417,Biliary anastomotic reconstruction with internal external drainage of the segment 2 duct with pigtail in the small bowel.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003418,Ultrasound imaging of the gallbladder showing multiple septations resulting in a ‘sack of grapes’ appearance.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003419,A 30-year-old male with Maffucci syndrome: AP radiograph of the hand demonstrates multiple enchondromas.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003420,Healthy prediction.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003421,"Ultrasound image of the pelvis/lower abdomen (Day 1 of admission) in the transverse orientation demonstrating a hypoechoic structure, compatible with the bladder, and with surrounding heterogenous echogenicities compatible with gas; a distinct structure in keeping with the proven bladder diverticulum was not clearly seen on this study."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003422,"First sagittal delayed phase CT (day 3 of admission), on soft tissue window setting, demonstrating large bladder diverticulum containing a gas–fluid level with intramural gas; extraluminal gas is seen in the anterior anti dependent regions of the pelvis/lower abdomen indicative of perforation."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003423,Ultrasound image of the pelvis/lower abdomen (performed prior to admission) in the transverse orientation demonstrating a central bladder; to the anatomical right of the bladder is a further hypoechoic structure compatible with a bladder diverticulum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003424,"Plain abdominal radiograph shows an apparently normal bowel gas pattern, however in retrospect non-anatomical extraperitoneal free gas is seen in the right flank and in the right hemipelvis, which correlates with the subsequent CT findings."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003425,"Second coronal delayed phase CT (Day 8 of admission), on soft tissue window setting, demonstrating a central thick-walled bladder; to the anatomical right side of the bladder there is a large bladder diverticulum containing a gas–fluid level however the previously demonstrated intramural gas has resolved."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003426,"Third coronal delayed phase CT (3 months following admission), on soft tissue window setting, demonstrating a chronically thick-walled bladder; to the anatomical right side of the bladder there is a large fluid-filled bladder diverticulum, however, the previously demonstrated intraluminal and intramural gas has resolved; the previously demonstrated extraluminal gas has also resolved."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003427,Transesophageal echocardiography with bubble study beginning to demonstrate patent foramen ovale with shunting of bubbles into the left atrium.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003428,Chest computed tomography angiography demonstrating vascular ring from a double aortic arch (yellow arrow) encasing the trachea and esophagus (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003429,Initial right wrist anteroposterior (AP) radiograph demonstrating significant osteopenia and degenerative changes across the joints of the wrist and carpus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003430,"Preoperative heart computed tomography findings depicting the great artery (aortopulmonary) relationship. MPA, main pulmonary artery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003431,Abdominal ultrasound showing roundworms (blue arrows) in the jejunum
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003432,Ground-glass opacities seen in mid-zones and adjacent to the oblique and horizontal fissures
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003433,"Foetal echocardiography at gestational age of 28 + 0 weeks. The ultrasound revealed a pericardial mass (arrow) with an approximate size of 2 cm × 3 cm, severe Foetal hydrops, and poor circulatory status. Sixty millilitres of pericardial effusion (asterisk) were drained on the next day after emergency caesarean section."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003434,Normal axial T1-weighted MRI of the cerebellum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003435,"Right lateral thoracic radiographic view of a clinically normal Miniature Pinscher dog illustrating measurements of vertical tracheal diameters (VTDs) at caudal cervical (level A), thoracic inlet (level B), and intrathoracic (level C) tracheal regions, and measurements of manubrium length (ML), thoracic inlet distance (Ti-D), and proximal 3rd rib-width (PR3-W) for determination of manubrium (M-TI) and thoracic inlet-tracheal indices (Ti-TI) and proximal R3-tracheal scores (PR3-TS) for each absolute and average tracheal diameters"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003436,Multiphasic CT of adrenal glands coronal section showing a left adrenal heterogenous mass pushing the left kidney downwards (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003437,"Multiphasic CT of the adrenals transverse view, showing a new irregular tumour growth at the site of the previous tumour excision (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003438,A contrast CT abdomen transverse view showing new liver metastasis (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003439," Abdominal ultrasonography shows a well-defined, circular, hypoechoic mass in the head of the pancreas (arrow). "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003440, Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration is performed with a 19-gauge needle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003441,Postoperative control radiograph with decrease of coracoclavicular distance and increase of acromioclavicular distance due to the resection of 4 to 5 mm of the distal clavicle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003442,The CAG data on 12th October 2020 showed a 95% stenosis of the proximal segment of left renal artery and the middle part was blurred with multi-channel-like blood flow
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003443,Ultrasound image of empty uterine cavity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003444,CT scan of the chest showing the tracheal diverticulum manifesting as a pouch on the right posterolateral wall.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003445,CT abdomen image showing asymmetric wall thickening with subtle adjacent pericolonic fat stranding and mesenteric vessel engorgement involving the transverse and proximal sigmoid colon.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003446," Radiographic image of the introducer placement for the SPRINT peripheral nerve stimulation device at the level of L4 bilaterally, targeting the median nerves for the patient described in case 2. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003447,Left para-uterine mass 7×5 cm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003448,Amount of acetabular protrusion was measured by the distance between the ilioischial line (arrow) and the protruded quadrilateral plate (arrowhead).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003449,Sagittal plane T2‐weighted magnetic resonance image of a dog with global brain ischaemia post‐cardiopulmonary arrest. There is generalised hyperintensity of the cerebellum which is swollen. The caudal cerebellar vermis is caudally displaced toward the foramen magnum (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003450,Grayscale ultrasound of the scrotum showed right testicular enlargement secondary to the mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003451,"Chest radiography revealed cardiomegaly, bilateral interstitial infiltrates, and patchy opacities (multifocal consolidations)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003452,CTA of the chest showing no evidence of pulmonary embolism and enlarged diameter of pulmonary artery consistent with pulmonary hypertension.CTA: computed tomography angiography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003453,"Dilated right ventricle with reduced global systolic function with elevated right ventricular end-diastolic pressure and abnormal motion of interventricular septum. Estimated: TRVmax 4.44 m/second, mPAP of 97 mmHg, and ePASP of 94 mmHg.TRVmax: tricuspid regurgitant velocity maximum; mPAP: mean pulmonary arterial pressure; ePASP: estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003454,Chest X-ray showed increased cardiothoracic ratio with pulmonary venous congestion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003455,Temporomandibular joint rotational anteromedial disc displacement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003456,"Distribution of micronodules in sarcoidosis. The axial HRCT scan in a patient with pulmonary sarcoidosis shows the typical perilymphatic distribution of micronodules along the subpleural interstitial space (yellow arrows), along the fissure (yellow arrowheads), and interlobular septa (pink arrows). The blue arrow shows the peribronchovascular distribution."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003457,"Empyema post-pleurodesis on chest CT scan. Caption: Chest CT scan (axial) after talc pleurodesis, showing a right malignant pleural effusion loculated, pleural calcification secondary to talc, pleural thickening, and intervening gas suggestive of empyema."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003458,Sagittal plane abdominal ultrasound image using an 8.5 MHz curved array transducer of the left pancreatic limb of a cat with chronic pancreatitis. The pancreas is mildly enlarged at 1.5 cm (X‐X). The pancreatic parenchyma is diffusely heterogenous and has a mottled echotexture. The surrounding mesentery is unremarkable
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003459,"CT aortogram demonstrating a suspicious lesion arising from the right adnexa. Ultrasound confirmed a complex, vascular lesion arising from the right ovary and later biopsy proven as high-grade serous ovarian cancer."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003460,Fully tagged and labelled sample image viewed in the Supervisely online platform.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003461, The location of the puncture needle and the diffusion of local anesthetic under the iliac fascia shown by the in-plane technique. ASIS: Anterior superior iliac spine; IM: Iliacus muscle; IO: Internal oblique muscle; TA: Transverse abdominus muscle; FI: Fascia iliaca.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003462,CT scan (coronal) of neck with contrast showing thrombosed aneurysm of the left internal carotid artery (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003463,Trans‐esophageal echocardiography depicting the mobile left atrium mass fitting in the left ventricle (blue arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003464,"T2 weighted sagittal image of cervical spine before treatment. Note: The white arrows indicate the location of the cervical disc herniation and the location of the dural and spinal cord compression, and the red line measures the flexion angle of the cervical spine."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003465,T1 weighted sagittal image of cervical spine after treatment. Note: White arrows indicate a reduction in cervical disc herniation and a significant reduction in spinal cord and dural compression.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003466,Right homogenous scrotal mass with 79 cc fluid suggestive of hydrocele
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003467,Intramuscular mass in the right thigh. The dotted white oval shows an intramuscular mass in the right thigh on a T2-weighted magnetic resonance image.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003468,Obturation canals after 3-months medication with replanted calcium hydroxide treatment.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003469,"Right anterior oblique caudal view of left coronary angiogram after DES implantation in the proximal–distal LCx, TIMI 3 flow (arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003470,Angiography of right coronary artery (RCA) in left anterior oblique projection. It demonstrates complete occlusion of the mid vessel with the reconstitution of distal RCA from right to right collaterals.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003471,Representative image of dose distribution of carbon ion radiotherapy administered to the patient.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003472,Median nerve cross section at 13 centimeters in the forearm
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003473,"A chest X‐ray image (PA view) with features of pneumonic process with mild bilateral pleural effusion. The film shows bilateral consolidation that is more on the middle and lower zones. Vascular markings and the horizontal fissure are prominent, and the right costophrenic angle is blunted"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003474,CT scan (transverse view) showing prominent azygous system draining the collateral (blue arrow).CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003475,TTE with parasternal long-axis view demonstrating a 4.65 × 2 cm mass (red arrow) in the left atrium attached to the atrial septum.TTE: transthoracic echocardiogram
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003476,TEE with four-chamber view illustrating a left atrial mass (red arrow) measuring 5 × 2 cm attached to the atrial septum prolapsing the mitral valve.TEE: transesophageal echocardiogram
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003477,Contrasted computed tomography angiography of the chest in the transverse plane and lung window demonstrating enlarged main pulmonary artery measuring up to 41 mm in transverse diameter with no evidence of acute or chronic pulmonary emboli and no parenchymal lung disease with mosaic attenuation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003478, Contrast enema 6 weeks postoperatively demonstrating a well-configured colon and rectum without stenosis or impaction.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003479,"Post-gastric sleeve barium contrast swallow study demonstrating ongoing oesophageal dilatation, but passage of contrast into remnant stomach."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003480,Example segmentations of a patient.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003481,A representative case of pulmonary congestion. Chest CT image of a 75-year-old man with aortic stenosis and heart failure showing 34% ReDS and 56.9% high attenuation area. Yellow arrows in the bilateral lungs indicate hyperattenuated areas due to pulmonary congestion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003482,"X‐ray of the left foot with well‐limited osteocondensing lesions affecting the tarsals, metatarsal bones, and the hallux’ two phalanges (arrows)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003483,X‐ray of the left shoulder with periarticular sclerotic foci affecting the humeral head and the glenoid with no rupture of the cortical bone
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003484,"Oral Gastrograffin study during follow up, 1 year after redo bypass, giving impression about gastric pouch size and flow of contrast through Roux limb to distal loops."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003485,"Axial T2 FLAIR images of a three-year-old child with developmental delay, at the level of the Corona radiate, showing periventricular cystic encephalomalacia and adjacent gliosis due to perinatal hypoxic insult (white arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003486,Axial T2W images of an eight-month-old child with severe perinatal hypoxic insult showing extensive encephalomacic changes with marked loss of white matter and ex vacuo ventricular dilatation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003487,Coronal T1W image in a four-year-old male child with developmental delay shows markedly thickened grey matter with few and shallow sulci in the bilateral frontal region. The findings are consistent with pachygyria. A focus on heterotropic grey matter is also noted in the left frontal region.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003488,Axial T1W image of a six-year-old child with developmental delay showing prominent thickened and elongated cerebellar peduncles giving molar tooth appearance in a patient with Joubert syndrome.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003489,Axial slice of contrast-enhanced CT scan showing umbilical soft tissue thickening and fluid-filled structure at presentation to emergency department.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003490,"Plain AP radiograph 4 weeks following injury, demonstrating callus formation between avulse bony fragments and right hemipelvis (L - Left)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003491,"Imaging findings in patient 1. Chest X-ray showing a pneumomediastinum (black arrows) and a subcutaneous emphysema, more pronounced on the left site (white arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003492,"PET-CT, status post-bilateral orchiectomy, revealing an 8.0 SUV focus of hypermetabolic activity in the right hemiscrotum concerning for locally recurrent disease.PET-CT: positron emission tomography-computed tomography; SUV: standardized uptake value"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003493,"MRI of the spine showing a very large, heterogeneously enhancing, mixed-signal, mass-like lesion in the left hemipelvis.MRI: magnetic resonance imaging"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003494,Tumor location in the corpus callosum
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003495,Trauma. Sagittal CT image of the TMJ demonstrates comminuted fracture of the condylar neck with a displacement of the fracture fragments. Mild sclerosis around the fracture lines suggests a component of interval healing. The tip of the mandibular condyle (arrow) is displaced antero-inferiorly.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003496," Mild smooth narrowing of the esophagus, at the level of aortic arch, on the standing views which does not persist on the right anterior oblique (RAO) imaging series"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003497,Axial CT demonstrating the interval reduction in size of subcapsular collection. The white arrow highlights the sump drain and the blue arrows show the Blake® drains. CT: computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003498,Bitewing radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003499,Right pulmonary artery aneurysm
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003500,Wedge-shaped pulmonary infarct of the right lower lobe
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003501,"Completion angiography. Angiogram image after angioplasty, indicating stenosis of the popliteal artery improvement."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003502,"Ultrasound images of the intraneural ganglion of the ulnar nerve at the wrist. The arrow shows an intraneural ganglion cyst (one cyst with two dilatations).N, ulnar nerve; U, ulna; D, distal; P, proximal."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003503,TEE horizontal view: right atrial mass (black arrow) in the area adjacent to the tricuspid valve. No visual obstruction of flow was identified on Doppler.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003504,Non-compliant balloon not fully inflating.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003505,Non-compliant balloon post-rotational atherectomy and pre-intravascular lithotripsy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003506,Axial fused fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET)/computed tomography (CT) image of the neck showing an intensely FDG-avid enlarged right submandibular lymph node with maximum standardized uptake value of 17.2.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003507,"Posterior femoral condylar morphology. The axial MRI slice showing the complete femoral trochlea with cartilage and intact posterior femoral condyles is selected. The posterior femoral condyle reference line (PCRL) and the surgical transepicondylar axis (SEA) are shown. The width of the SEA (TEW), the distance between the SEA and the posterior cartilaginous margin of the lateral condyle (LPD) and medial condyle (MPD) are measured. The posterior condylar angle (PCA) is the angle between the SEA and PCRL."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003508,Initial OPG showing a wide radiolucent area in the mental area.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003509,Coronary angiography showing complete sealing of the aneurysm and excellent post stent flow
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003510,18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography showed increased 18F-FDG uptake in the pulmonary and lumbar vertebrae.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003511,Lower gastrointestinal series showed no more rectal fistula tract.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003512,Left hand x-ray showing mild acroosteolysis in the distal phalanges.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003513,"Repeat Axial Plain CT brain. White arrow showing significant reduction in edema as compared to the initial scan, Yellow arrow showing residual minute calcifications"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003514,Chest X-Ray: Bibasilar and infrahilar pulmonary opacities concerning for moderate-sized pleural effusions with associated pleural effusion/consolidation secondary to pneumonia and mild pulmonary venous congestion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003515,"Computed tomography angiography at the level of the cavernous portion, coronal view. Computed tomography angiography at the level of the cavernous portion coronal view demonstrates total occlusion of left internal carotid artery (black arrow) while the right internal carotid artery (white arrow) is opacified."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003516,Center edge angle to sourcil and to bony edge (CE bone = CEB).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003517,Preoperative intraoral view.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003518,Working length determination radiograph of tooth 21.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003519,CT chest with contrast showing diffuse bilateral ground-glass opacities (blue arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003520,"CT chest with contrast showing consolidations within lower lungs (blue arrows), cardiomegaly (yellow arrow), and bilateral pleural effusions(orange arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003521,"CT chest and abdomen showing right apical pneumatocele (yellow arrow), bilateral pulmonary contusions (curved black arrows), and large stomach (straight black arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003522,"Axial CT without contrast. Three cm cystic lesion in the posterior fossa, centered in the left medial cerebellar hemisphere with mass effect on the fourth ventricle and surrounding edema (blue arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003523,Axial T1 MRI with contrast. Six mm solid enhancing component in the inferior aspect of the lesion (blue arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003524,Plain phase on computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003525,Portable posterior-anterior chest X-ray on admission showing multifocal ill-defined hazy opacities appreciated bilaterally.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003526,Ultrasonographic imaging of the plantar fascia origin at the calcaneus 1 year after the plantar fasciotomy showing improvement in the hypoechoic swelling in the fascia and a plantar fascia thickness of 4.7 mm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003527,Mild patchy areas of consolidation bilaterally on CT scan (red arrows). CT: computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003528,MRI of the lumber and sacral spine showing the metastatic deposit and the extent of the disease. MRI: magnetic resonance imaging.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003529,Fluoroscopic AP view with needle in position with contrast. Contrast (short lines) shows hypogastric plexus. AP: anterior-posterior.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003530,"Magnetic resonance imaging of the sinuses showing right-sided frontal, maxillary and ethmoidal sinusitis"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003531,Chest x-ray before treatment
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003532,Hypodense nodular lesion with edema in right frontal region is present in non-contrast enhanced computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003533,"MRI demonstrating core muscle injury. Coronal T2 fat-suppressed sequence demonstrating linear fluid signal extending to the midline, consistent with left adductor aponeurosis. Example of cleft sign (yellow arrow) indicating a core muscle injury."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003534,Preoperative X-ray of the left foot showing medial deviation of proximal phalanx of the great toe at the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint with an accessory bone over the medial cuneiform.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003535,EkoSonic endovascular system (EKOS) catheter
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003536,A 55-year-old woman with a 1.2-cm right thyroid lobe nodule.The ultrasound image shows solid hypoechoic nodule with macrocalcification with posterior shadowing (arrow). A final diagnosis of conventional papillary carcinoma was established based on surgical pathology findings.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003537,"Differences in DC between responders and non-responders. (Two sample t-test, voxel- level p < 0.001, peak p < 0.05 corrected by FDR)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003538,Chest CT scan with contrast parenchymal window showing consolidation in the upper lobe of the right lung (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003539,Cardiac catheterization sequence depicting right coronary artery. The right coronary artery without obstructive lesion is marked with the blue arrow.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003540,Chest radiograph showing intragastric gas in the left thoracic cavity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003541,Axial CT abdomen showed diffuse bowel wall thickening with abnormal enhancement (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003542,Panoramic radiography. The maxillary defect is shown with the circle above.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003543,The measurements of the cage central point ratio (CPR). CPR = 100%×a/b.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003544,Chest X-ray at the time of admission showing bilateral patchy infiltrates.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003545,Chest CT at time of admission showing bilateral upper lobe ground-glass opacities.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003546,"Spine malformations in a 35-year-old male with ALGS. Coronal turbo spin echo T2 weighted image depicts severe vertebral dysmorphism, consisting of C5 and C6 fusion (segmentation anomaly) and typical median split of the vertebral body (butterfly vertebra) (white arrows). ALGS, alagille syndrome"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003547,High-resolution computed tomography of the thorax shows bilateral pneumothorax with left parasternal 39.7 mm pneumomediastinum (Case 2)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003548,Orientation of MRI images was coronal oblique
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003549,Representative image of fluoroscopically guided 20-gauge needle puncture injury into the L3/4 IVD.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003550,Chest X-ray on admission to the Infectious Diseases Ward which revealed the suspicion of bilateral pneumonia and the symptom of a frosted glass
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003551,Coronary angiogram from the cranial and left angle oblique view demonstrated the anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the first septal perforator.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003552,Coronary angiogram from the cranial and right-angle oblique projection demonstrated the anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the first septal perforator.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003553, Axial T2-weighted image at the T12 level 14 months postembolization shows mild persistent hyperintense signal with resolved expansion of the central cord (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003554,Plain CT head of the patient showing bleedings in the temporal sulci and perimesencephalic and suprasellar cisterns
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003555,"Plain CT head of the patient showing bleedings in the temporal sulci, ambient and suprasellar cisterns, and subtle dense cord sign in the left transverse sinus (dark arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003556,Left Coronary Guide Catheter Revealing Critical Left Circumflex Coronary Artery LesionLCx = left circumflex; prox/mid = proximal to middle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003557,Chest X-ray (Portable)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003558,Chest CT angiogram (CTA)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003559,CT-angiography 6 days after intervention (composed reformatted images): Complete occlusion of the false aneurysm by the aortic endoprosthesis (arrowheads). Patent BeGraft® (arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003560,Postoperative abdominal CT shows no sign of local recurrence or distant metastases
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003561,Sagittal chest CT shows anterior and superior pericardial wall thickening (blue arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003562,Axial chest CT shows pericardial wall thickening (blue arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003563,"AP Pelvis, post-operative."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003564,Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis without contrast reveals pneumatosis in the walls of the stomach (black arrow) and extensive portal venous gas (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003565,"The image depicts diffuse cerebral edema that displaces the cerebral stem without signs of ischemic lesions or brain hemorrhage. (The green arrow shows the misalignment of the midline, vertical view in brain computed tomography scanning.)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003566,Sagittal T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the spinal cord 1 week after onset of neurological symptoms demonstrated a longitudinal spinal cord lesion of the gray matter at the cervical level C3–C5. See arrows. These findings were consistent with rhombencephalomyelitis with radiculitis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003567,CT scan findings of the muscle‐invasive bladder cancer before RARC.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003568,Measurement of the NSD angle in a sample case on the coronal cross-section
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003569,"Plain x-ray shows the radiopaque structure in the left nasal cavity, embedded in the hard palate (white arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003570,"Non-contrast CT head axial view showing subarachnoid haemorrhage (arrow) in the right frontal, superior parietal regions"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003571,Transoesophageal echocardiogram showing mitral valve thickening and vegetation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003572,"CT of the chest, abdomen and pelvis showing bilateral pleural effusions"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003573,The chest X-ray of patient. Chest radiography did not show signs of pneumothorax. Functional EIT images of ventilation showed that the defect of the left lung had been restored after treatment.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003574,Representative static small animal SPECT/CT image 3-h after the intratumoral injection of 2.04 MBq of 198AuNP in the PC-3 tumor bearing Balb/c nude mouse. The image is displayed as the maximum intensity projection.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003575,"This shows a regionally predominant fascicle enlargement (white surrounding with star) with 9 mm2 next to normal fascicles in the median nerve (14 mm2) in a patient with Lewis-Sumner syndrome, accompanied by the brachial artery (triangle). The enlarged fascicle almost covers the whole CSA."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003576,"Two years later, multiple brain tumors were found and one of them involved the optic chiasm (black arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003577,Width of the maxillary sinus (Mediolateral distance) and Depth of maxillary sinus (Anteroposterior distance).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003578,A preoperative chest computed tomography showing a tracheal bronchus originating 1.9 cm above the tracheal carina. The diameter of the orifice of the tracheal bronchus was measured as 1.4 cm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003579,Chest X-ray. Admission anterior-posterior erect chest X-ray demonstrating a deviated trachea to the level of the right sternoclavicular joint (arrow) and widened superior mediastinum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003580,"Postoperative chest X-ray. Postoperative chest X-ray showing midline trachea and resolution of the widened mediastinum, with a nasogastric tube in situ."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003581,Persistent trigeminal artery (PTA)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003582,Middle lobe consolidation with polylobulated morphology on chest computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003583,CT chest with diffuse mixed interstitial and alveolar airspace disease (red arrows) and small pleural effusion (yellow arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003584,Chest CT scan showing a complex heterogenous air and fluid-filled mediastinal collection.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003585,Internal retention bolster in subcutaneous tissue.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003586,Abdominal CT shows massive pneumoperitoneum in the anterior part of the abdominal cavity
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003587,CT scan (transverse plane) showing thickened irregular GB wall
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003588,MRCP (T2 image) showing bulk of tumor in neck and body
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003589,"Ostial Left Main coronary artery spasm (RAO-CRA projection) [Blue Arrow]IC-nitro: intra coronary nitroglycerin, RAO-CRA: right anterior oblique-cranial"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003590,RCA (LAO projection)RCA: right coronary artery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003591,Preoperative radiograph showing grade 4 osteoarthritis bilateral.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003592,Angiotomography showing a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) with right-side retroperitoneal hematoma. Red arrow: aneurysm rupture (AAA wall broken). Yellow arrow: retroperitoneal hematoma
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003593,Hyperintense acute stage thrombus in the right transverse sinus and sigmoid sinus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003594,Axial T1-weighted (fat suppression) post-contrasted MRI of the brain.MRI of the brain showed thickened and enhancing pachymeninges (white arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003595,Axial T2-weighted MRI orbit post-treatment.Post-treatment MRI orbit image showed the left and right superior ophthalmic veins (white arrows) return to the normal caliber.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003596,Scleroatrophic (shrunken) gallbladder with a normal biliary tree at abdominal ultrasonography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003597,Abdominal X-ray showed progression of the trichobezoar into the caecum and ascending colon
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003598,"CT of the chest showing a 4.0 x 4.6 cm cavitating lesion in the right middle lobe with associated, surrounding ground-glass opacities in the coronal plane."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003599,"CT of the chest showing significant interval worsening of cavitary right middle lobe lesion, now demonstrating an internal air-fluid levels and gas-filled septations and measuring up to 18.6 cm. This likely represents evolution of lung necrosis with probable superimposed infection. New small hydropneumothorax along the convexity of the right upper lung is also noted."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003600,Occlusion of left carotid stent on digital subtraction angiography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003601,"Computed tomography of the abdomen with intravenous contrast.Red arrow showing increased peripancreatic fat stranding, fluid, and possible early phlegmon suggestive of acute pancreatitis. An organized abscess or other fluid collection is not seen."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003602,MRCP—choledocholithiasis; no signs of common bile duct dilation and normal intrahepatic bile ducts.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003603,MRI demonstrating absent nasal septum possibly secondary to holoprosencephaly
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003604,"The most significant findings were found at the level of the cervico-dorsal cord with evidence, in the T2-weighted sequences, of extended signal hyperintensity which mainly concerned the central component and in particular the gray matter."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003605,Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging: soft tissue seen in the nasal cavity on T1 weighted coronal section
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003606,Magnetic resonance imaging at postoperative 12th month: bilateral maxillary sinusitis seen on T2 weighted axial section
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003607,"Neck length to screw length ratio measurement. Length of the screw is first measured, and a second measurement in line with the screw extending from the lateral cortex to the articular surface is then made. This gives a ratio that is used for comparative views. This measurement is used to determine proximal femoral neck growth over time. This method of measuring proximal femoral growth accounts for rotation between films."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003608,Articular-trochanteric distance. A horizontal line is drawn from the top of the femoral head and extending laterally. The distance between the tip of the greater trochanter and this line is then measured. This measurement is used to assess for trochanteric overgrowth.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003609,Chest radiograph showing right-sided pleural effusion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003610,Chest X-ray showing pneumonia as well as abnormal mass in the left suprahilar region
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003611,"CT scan showing large pleural effusion and large abnormality, which was concerning for a pulmonary embolism arising from the pulmonic valve"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003612, Simple thoracolumbar radiography showing a bamboo spine appearance.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003613,Retrograde pyelogram showing a short ureter along the lateral pelvic wall.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003614,Coronal view of abdominal CT scan showing colorectal intussusception.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003615,"Shows embolized peripancreatic varices (D), a metallic stent (F) transversed with a double pigtail catheter (G) into the main pancreatic duct from the minor papilla. E represents Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003616,Computed tomography showing a large bilobed posterolateral left ventricular pseudoaneurysm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003617,Preprocedure angiography showed the arteriovenous fistulas to run from the common and internal iliac arteries to the external iliac and common femoral veins
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003618,A picture of ocular B-scan that was taken during data collection. Markers were edited and colored for clarity; they did not reflect real-time measurement. Measurement was taken 3 mm behind the globe (the distance between white crosses). ONSD external to dura mater/external ONSD (the distance between red crosses). ONSD internal to dura mater/internal ONSD (the distance between blue crosses). Optic nerve diameter (the distance between orange crosses). ONSD: optic nerve sheath diameter.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003619, Axial computed tomography image shows right lung consolidation (arrow) and unilateral pleural effusion (arrowhead) in a 64-year-old man with bacterial pneumonia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003620, Axial computed tomography image in a 50-year-old woman diagnosed with bronchopneumonia shows confluent centrilobular nodules (arrows) and consolidation (arrowheads) mostly located in the lower lobes.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003621,"Axial image showing gallbladder in the hepatogastric recess, with diffuse wall thickening with diminished enhancement (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003622,"Right ovary. Ultrasound scan of abnormally enlarged right ovary, depicting multiple cystic masses."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003623,CXR of the patient 1 month after surgery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003624,Chest X-ray showing a large mass (yellow circle) in the right hemithorax with a mediastinal and tracheal shift to the left.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003625,A right M2M with distal caries and mesial angulation of the adjacent M3M.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003626,Hemorrhage in left eye in cranial MRI
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003627,A panoramic radiograph of a patient with bilateral CMMLI.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003628,Computed tomography of a case with unilateral fibrolipoma (yellow indicator)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003629,Contrast-enhanced CT image of the upper abdomen in the axial plane showing adrenal glands.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003630,"Panoramic X-ray. Post-operative, 60 months’ follow-up."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003631,MRI Brain showing hypointense lesion in T2 weighted image (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003632,Computerized tomograph of the chest showing a 1.7 cm × 2 cm × 1.9 cm cavitary lesion with layering internal fluid within the posterior left lower lobe. There was an additional smaller cavitary lesion within the right upper lobe measuring 5 mm and a 1 cm ground glass nodule in the left lower lobe.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003633,Computerized tomography (CT) axial head without contrast showing intraparenchymal hemorrhage and secondary mass effect.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003634,Intraoperative fluoroscopy showing surgical clips in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003635,Repeat fluoroscopy confirming the complete removal of the surgical clips
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003636,"Dye injection before bifurcation, showing dilated both the ureter and the fistula"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003637,Dye injection into the fistula down to the left scrotal sac
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003638, HRCT chest showing enlarged left axillary lymphadenopathy (green arrows)HRCT: High-Resolution Computerized Tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003639,"The CT of the abdomen and pelvis with oral and rectal contrast (coronal view), showing circumferential sigmoid thickening (white arrow) with luminal narrowing and large multiloculated thick-walled fluid collection inferiorly.Abbreviation: CT, computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003640,"Preoperative anteroposterior weight bearing X-ray of a 28-year-old female patient which suffered by hallux valgus and third-rocker metatarsalgia due to a long second metatarsal.In this patient a Chevron osteotomy on the first metatarsal and a triple Weil osteotomy on the second metatarsal, were planned. The choice of Maceira’s technique was based on the amount of desired shortening (4.8 mm)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003641,Short-axis T2-weighted STIR sequence demonstrates high signal along the basal inferior and lateral walls in keeping with extensive myocardial oedema (block white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003642,Axial four-chamber cine stack shows a well-defined round homogenous high signal lesion in the septum (block white arrow). Similar lesions are also seen in the lung (arrowhead) and chest wall musculature (thin white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003643,MRI of ankle and foot
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003644,MRI sagittal section of ankle and foot. Tumour extending up to midfoot
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003645,Videofluoroscopic swallow study shows abnormalities during the bolus transport such as penetration.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003646,"MRI (axial view) of the pharyngeal lumen (encircled by the yellow line) and muscle (encircled by the red line). VB, vertebral body; SC, spinal cord."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003647,Patient 2: DSA of growing right internal carotid artery aneurysm
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003648,"Chest x-ray, posterior-anterior (PA) view, on initial presentation, illustrating left upper lobe interstitial and alveolar process."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003649,"CT scan, transverse view, two months later, illustrating new consolidative changes involving the left mid and lower lungs."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003650,Plain radiograph image of left forearm shows 1.6 cm ovoid density within the lateral soft tissues.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003651,Ultrasound showing a moderate-sized pleural fluid pocket (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003652,"Conventional radiograph, supine abdomen, and pelvis (- 70 KV, 100 mAs) showing no calcifications"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003653,Measurement of apical lesion dimension at closer look
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003654,Axial cut from contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) thorax done on day nine showing an empyema in the right hemithorax. A defect in the conduit can be appreciated which is communicating with the empyema
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003655, Image of transvaginal color ultrasound in patients with endometrial hyperplasia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003656,Subocclusion in the proximal segment of the left internal carotid artery (CTA) (red array).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003657,Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography image showing severe stenosis in the middle to distal third portion of the common bile duct with associated upstream dilatation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003658,Midsagittal T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine in the male patient at 62 years old. Atlantodental joint swelling without spinal cord compression was observed.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003659,"Coronal CT scan of abdomen and pelvis showing dilation of proximal small bowel up to 4.2 cm with a transition point at the superior mesenteric artery take-off. CT, computed tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003660,Sagittal CT showing fluid collection seen in the left iliac fossa anterior to the left external iliac artery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003661,"Preoperative transoesophageal echocardiography. Image showing the distance (blue) between the valve and intra-ventricular septum, and small left-ventricular outflow tract."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003662,Postoperative lumbar coronal CT shows partial resection of the pars inter articulation (white circle)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003663,Pyometra with moderate ascites.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003664,"Sagital CT section showing abundant perihepatic, perisplenic and around bowel loops fluid. Red arrow point perihepatic, perisplenic and around bowel loops fluid."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003665,Full body PET/CT scan: nutmeg liver with perihepatic fluid.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003666,"Representative T2 view of the MRI of the brain showing areas of infarction in bilateral PCA stroke. Axial view of the MRI of the brain. The areas of infarction are indicated as follows: red arrow indicates right occipital lobe, while green arrow indicates left occipital lobe."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003667,Upright Chest X‐ray
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003668,"Abdominal CT‐scan, the green arrow shows appendix filled by IV contrast fluid"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003669,Contrast enhanced CT scan of the abdomen shows SMA (block arrow) lying on the right side of SMV (arrowhead) revealing an inverse relationship between them.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003670,Coronal image of contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen shows left-sided appendicitis (block arrow) with peri-appendiceal fat stranding.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003671,Successful removal of the TriClip. A- The Clip captured with the Caesar Snar System B- Successful passage of the TriClip through the 23 Fr ECMO sheath C/D- Clip seized using the Snare System in the MP-Catheter.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003672,CT demonstrating 5.6 x 4.9 centimeter mass at the tip of the appendix.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003673,"Image of 46-year-old male with left tongue carcinoma. Representative images of the submental, sublingual, and deep lingual arteries obtained by 3D MRA using SSFP with a time–SLIP. A: possible course of the submental artery around the area of the incisors; B: possible course of the sublingual artery around the incisors from premolar areas; and C: possible course of the deep lingual artery around the area of the molars."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003674,"Axial computed tomography of left cochlear hypoplasia Type IV. The basal turn is normal, but the middle and apical turns are smaller than in a normal cochlea."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003675,Left coronal computed tomography showing the facial nerve over the oval window (White arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003676,Splenic and superior mesenteric venography showed preferential flow through the shunts into the IVC without flow visualized into the intrahepatic portal vein
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003677,Portal venography following embolization showed increased flow into the intrahepatic portal vein with nearly complete occlusion of the portosystemic shunts
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003678,CTPA showing right ventricular strain and pulmonary embolism. CTPA: computed tomography pulmonary angiography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003679,Apical 4 chamber view showing asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy with abnormal appearance of myocardium
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003680,Contrast-enhanced computed tomography.Computed tomography showing edematous changes throughout the colon (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003681,A mid-sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) view of the thoracic spine shows increased spinal cord signal spanning from T4 to T9 (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003682,"Transthoracic echocardiography. Apical four chambers view, large amount of pericardial effusion (white arrow) and thickening of right atrial free wall (white star, 1.65 cm of diameter) and interatrial septum."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003683,Axial abdomen computed tomography-scan image showing bilateral hydronephrosis and bilateral infiltration of perirenal tissue (white arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003684,"Illustration of the course of a needle and catheter during arthrocentesis. An axial radiograph of a right shoulder in supine position is shown. The abducted position in this radiograph is used for better illustration only. During the aspirations in this study the shoulder was adducted. The green area represents the fluid in the joint, the orange line represents a rigid steel needle and the yellow line represents a flexible catheter which is advanced into the posterior recess."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003685,Panoramic image obtained during the initial visit showing left mandibular body (white arrowhead) and right condylar head (white arrow) fracture
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003686,Cerebral T2 FLAIR MRI of Patient 2 at the age of 4 years old demonstrates biparietal periventricular white matter T2 hyperintensity consistent with leukoencephalopathy from prior ischemic/hypoxic insult.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003687,"Cerebral T2 FLAIR MRI of Patient 2 at age 9 years old demonstrated persistent, moderate to severe supratentorial ventriculomegaly that was unchanged from the MRI findings in Figure 6. There was no evidence of acute ischemic or hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident in this study, despite a new onset hemiparesis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003688,CT abdomen and pelvis with contrast showed a soft tissue density nodule seen at the level of ampulla measuring 1.2 cm X 1.1 cm (yellow arrowheads pointed towards density in the white circle) and common bile duct diameter measured 10 mm and the pancreatic duct was 4.5 mm at the level of the pancreatic head.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003689,Endoscopic ultrasound shows single intramural mass in the area of papilla.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003690,Octreoscan: Blue pointed arrowheads show marked increase uptake within the diffusely enlarged pancreas and pancreatic mass compatible with neuroendocrine tumor. Short white arrows show increased uptake in the right kidney and spleen which are normal findings in the octreoscan.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003691,Chest CT image of pneumonia. (Case 7)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003692,CT scan showing dilatation of intrahepatic biliary radicles with obstruction in the distal part of CBD.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003693,Portal venous air seen on admission
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003694,The resolution of the previously seen proximal gastric wall pneumatosis on repeat imaging
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003695,"Magnetic resonance angiography of a pseudoxanthoma elasticum patient’s cerebral arteries. The patient had exhibited ischemic symptoms of the vertebrobasilar area in addition to symptoms of right hemisphere ischemia. The left vertebral artery appeared as a mere stump on the left side of the basilar artery and was diagnosed as a subtotal occlusion suspected to be caused by a dissection. Subsequently, a percutaneous intervention was performed"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003696,Non-contrast CT of the patient’s abdomen demonstrating right-sided hydronephrosis (asterisk)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003697, Chest radiograph showed bilateral perihilar hazy infiltrates that were greater on the right.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003698,"Computed tomography. Computed tomography image showing innumerable, homogeneous, and hypoattenuating cystic lesions in the liver (L) along with ascites (asterisk)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003699,CT after extubation: CT scan of the neck after tracheal catheter extraction showed that soft tissue swelling around the glottis was reduced. CT = computerized tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003700,"Postoperative cervical MRI scan (sagittal)The scan shows effective spinal cord decompression but important spinal cord contusion at C2-C3 (red arrowhead) due to important adjacent swelling until medulla (yellow arrows).MRI, magnetic resonance imaging"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003701,Radiograph depicting right pneumothorax in a patient on venovenous (VV)-ECMO
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003702,The CT of the chest with nodules within the right and left lungs (marked with an arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003703, Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) lymphangiography before treatment. Axial T1-weighted fat-saturated post-gadolinium image revealed the leakage of contrast agent (blue arrow) from a right-sided branch of the thoracic duct (orange arrow) into the right pleural cavity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003704,"Radiographic landmarks for locating the femoral origin of the superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL). A lateral view is shown of a right knee under fluoroscopy with a K-wire in the center of the femoral insertion of the sMCL. Line 1 is drawn parallel to the posterior aspect of the posterior femoral cortex (y-axis), and line 2 (x-axis) is drawn perpendicular to line 1, where line 1 intersects the Blumensaat line. The K-wire should be placed close to the intersection of the two lines in the proximal-anterior and proximal-posterior quadrant.25"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003705,Ultrasound showing severe ascites
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003706,Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the orbits showing bilateral ocular proptosis with medial recti muscle enlargement (white arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003707,Initial radiographic imaging demonstrated bilateral subcapital neck of femur fractures.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003708,Postoperative radiograph showing revision of the left DHS to a complex primary THR and the right sided 4-hole DHS with antirotation screw in situ.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003709,Saggital section of MRI of the pelvis showing the fistulous tract (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003710,Sagittal computed tomography scan showing left superior extraconal cystic mass (red arrow) compressing the globe causing dystopia and proptosis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003711,A coronal slice of a magnetic resonance arthrogram showing a type II SLAP lesion in a female college gymnast.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003712,"Axial CT scan demonstrating the method of measuring perinephric fat at the level of the renal vein to determine the MAPS.RV, right (renal) vein; LV, left (renal) vein; L, lateral; P, posterior."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003713,AxialCT-scan image of the pelvis showing linear bilateral calcification of the sacroiliac joint (Head arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003714,MRI revealed distal clavicle exostotic bone causing pressure effect on rotator cuff with cartilage cap.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003715,Chest radiograph on admission demonstrating subcutaneous emphysema (red arrow) and pneumomediastinum (blue arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003716,CT chest axial image showing bilateral lung consolidations.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003717,Chest CT scan reveals lung changes characteristic of COVID-19.CT: computed tomography; COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003718,Ultrasonography of right proximal superficial and deep femoral vein reveals normal vasculature.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003719,The percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography showed filling defect of bilateral intrahepatic biliary tree.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003720," Preoperative computed tomography. Preoperative computed tomography showed that the wall of the lower esophagus was eccentrically thickening and enhanced, and the esophageal lumen became narrowed obviously (orange arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003721,Transthoracic echocardiogram with a clear intracardiac mass (A) obstructing the mitral valve (B) in diastole.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003722,Chest x-ray (yellow arrow indicates lesion site).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003723,Chest x-ray.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003724,T2-weighted MRI image of a resolved VUR rabbit. The diameter of the bulking agent shown in the image was 3.01 mm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003725,"Measurement of thoracolumbar kyphosis. After the vertebral bodies of T10 and L2 were identified, a line was drawn overlapping the upper endplate of T10, and another line was drawn overlapping the lower endplate of L2; the angle between the two lines represented the degree of thoracolumbar kyphosis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003726,Pre-treatment orthopantomagram radiograph
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003727,Pre-treatment cephalogram
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003728,"Axial CT image demonstrating a right retroperitoneal hematoma in the region of the right adrenal gland measuring 106.6 mm x 58.1 mm. There are areas of enhancement on arterial phase imaging, which represent congestion of a draining vein or delayed active extravasation."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003729,FDG-PET/CT showing pleural metastasis in the right lung’s middle lobe.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003730,CT abdomen and pelvis showing thickening of sigmoid colon
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003731,Chest CT with intravenous contrast on presentation.Large right-sided pleural effusion and nodular pleural mass (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003732,Chest CT with intravenous contrast on the fourth day of admission.Large multiloculated right-sided pleural effusion with associated atelectasis and pleural catheter (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003733,Left ventriculography before device implantation. Massive shunt between the left and right ventricle is visualised.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003734,Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) during the procedure. Stable positioning of the atrial septal defect occluder device.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003735,Echocardiography 18 months after the procedure. Atrial septal defect occluder device is firmly positioned in place and no shunt is visualised.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003736,Ultrasound measurement of internal jugular veins.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003737,Sagittal T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the initial 0.7 cm ring-enhancing lesion in the left inferior frontal cortex.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003738,Ultrasound of the lower abdomen showing fibroid measuring about 15 cm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003739, Preoperative endoscopic cholangiogram. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography confirms the 1 cm-lengthened segmental stricture at the proximal common bile duct with marked dilatation of the central bile duct.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003740,Prostate heterogeneous mass showed in US.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003741,Three-dimensional CT angiography revealing blood supply of the mass. The arrow indicates the position of the mass in the right supraclavicular fossa. CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003742,Plain radiograph showing a vertical fracture line of the femoral metaphysis extending to the intercondylar notch without separation of a bone fragment
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003743,Fluoroscopic image of the SENTINEL cerebral embolic protection device (Boston Scientific) with proximal basket in the brachiocephalic trunk and distal basket in the proximal left carotid artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003744, Spot radiograph during third conventional transarterial chemoembolization (cTACE)  A branch of the anterior-inferior subsegmental artery of the right hepatic artery was selectively embolized. Hepatic lymphatic vessels are not observed during cTACE. The arrow indicates the tumor.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003745,Post-op stentogram (black arrow) with stasis in pseudoaneurysm (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003746,Axial Reconstruction of Chest Computed Tomography of Case 2Arrowheads point to airspace disease involving the right and left upper lung lobes concerning for diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003747,"MRI of the foot (Sagital T2WI) shows a well defined fusiform shape soft tissue mass on the dorsum of proximal phalanx of the big toe, with intermediate signal intensity, scalloping underlying bone without destruction."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003748,"Fracture of the left occipital condyle in a lion (arrow) which was best seen on this dorsal T1-W post contrast FatSat image. The caudal skull was only partially or not included in the scan field of view on most sequences, and the lesion was missed during the initial image interpretation."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003749,Right-sided pelvic mass within the iliopsoas muscle extending to the pelvic sidewall.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003750,Left-sided pelvic mass within the iliopsoas muscle of 2.8 cm. A nodule with a small cyst.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003751,"In a patient with a permanent dialysis catheter, vegetation is observed on the tricuspid valve."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003752,Axial CT scan chest. The arrow shows bilobed lung mass in the right upper lobe.CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003753,Axial CT scan chest. The arrow shows a partially collapsed right upper lobe of the lung due to extrinsic compression of the right upper lobe bronchus from the bulky mediastinal nodes.CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003754,CT abdomen and pelvis with sub-centimeter lymph nodes and surrounding haziness and stranding in the root of the mesentery (red arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003755,Gray-scale US long-axis view of MCP joint of right index finger of the same patient showing synovitis grade 3 (synovial hypertrophy and effusion).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003756,"Intraoperative angiography of the aortic arch via port catheter system allows visualization of the misplaced port catheter and the supra-aortic arteries. Aortic arch (1), brachiocephalic trunk (2), left common carotid artery (3), right subclavian artery (4), right common carotid artery (5), left subclavian artery (6), tip of the catheter (arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003757,Hemoperitonieum with layering hyperdense material (blue arrow) compatible with blood products
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003758,Focal rim discontinuity of the dome of the left adnexal cystic mass (red arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003759,The spiral computed tomography angiogram obtained with highly concentrated contrast material and high flow technique showed multiple pulmonary emboli that subtotally occluded the right upper lobar pulmonary artery (∗) and the left lingular artery (∗∗). The left lower lobar pulmonary artery was also partially occluded (∗∗∗).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003760,Postoperative spinal angiography shows the artery of Adamkiewicz arising from the right radiculomedullary artery at T10 level.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003761,"On admission, plain film anteroposterior erect chest radiograph."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003762,"Pre-treatment TTE: Apical 4 chamber (A4C) view in systole showing reduced LV systolic function.A: Left ventricle visually appears dilated in this still image suggestive of impaired function in systole;B: The right ventricle visually appears to be contracting maximally in this still image, suggestive of normal function in systole;C: Both atria appear to be normal in size in this still image.TTE: Transthoracic echocardiogram; LV: Left ventricular."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003763,Post-treatment TTE: Apical 4 chamber (A4C) view in diastole showing preserved LV systolic function.A: The left ventricle appears of normal size in diastole in this still image. TTE: Transthoracic echocardiogram; LV: Left ventricular.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003764,aberrant subarcuate artery passing through the arches of lateral semicircular canal
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003765,"Doppler criteria of critical stenosis. Vein stenosis in a graft. The draining vein is reduced in diameter at the anastomosis level and shows an increase of PSV (>450 cm/s), spectral dispersion, aliasing and oversaturation at CD sampling. The Doppler angle and color box alignment are perfect."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003766,"The flexibility of the Nelaton catheter is useful for minimizing patient discomfort during anterior, caudal reorientation of the snare catheter"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003767,An intercommissural view on the transesophageal echocardiogram highlights severe mitral insufficiency with prevalent mitral regurgitation jet from the A2-P2 mitral valve scallops.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003768,"Abdominal CT scan showed localized intestinal wall thickening in the right upper abdominal cavity, thickening of the right upper abdominal omentum, extensive lymphadenopathy and ascites"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003769,The presence of the “double-bubble” sign.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003770,Chest radiograph showing the HGNS system.HGNS: hypoglossal nerve stimulation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003771,Chest radiograph performed post‐decannulation of tracheostomy 3 months post‐discharge
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003772,Measurement of the elbow carrying angle on anteroposterior elbow radiographs.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003773,Portable chest X-ray anteroposterior view showing almost complete opacification of the right hemithorax with a mediastinal shift to the left (blue arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003774,Portable Chest X-ray anteroposterior view showing a white-out right hemithorax suggestive of right hemothorax after DNase/tPA therapy (arrow).DNase: deoxyribonuclease; tPA: tissue plasminogen activator
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003775,Ultrasound at 24 weeks of gestation shows a single viable uterine pregnancy (red arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003776,Ultrasound at 28 weeks. The gray arrow shows the head of the fetus. The red arrow shows the left fallopian tube endometrioma
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003777,Angular measurements of HVA and IMA
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003778,Periapical radiographic view of patient's teeth.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003779,"Computed tomography of the upper-middle lung. Upper-middle lung CT shows diffuse emphysematous changes (black arrow) with a bullous disease, as well as calcified nodules (white arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003780, Intraprocedural diagnostic digital subtraction angiography confirmed left popliteal artery aneurysm (arrowhead).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003781,"Measurement of global balance parameters. (A) Odontoid-hip axis (OD-HA) angle. OD-HA angle (white lines) is the angle between the vertical and the hightest point of the dens connecting the center of the femoral heads (black dotted line, center of the black circles). The OD-HA angle target value is +2° to -5°. (B) T1 pelvic angle (TPA). TPA (white dotted lines) corresponds to the angle between a line connecting the center of T1 to the center of the femoral heads (black dotted line, center of the black circles) and the line to the center of the S1 endplate (black line). The TPA target value is under 14°."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003782,Computed tomographic examination of a male pug dog with urohydropropulsion failure. Sagittal reformatted computed tomography images (soft tissue algorithm with convolution filter B30s) of the caudal abdomen of a male dog show a prostatic urethral calculus and a membranous urethral calculus with the urinary catheter (yellow arrow) passing next to them.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003783,Axial Fluoro-deoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography shows a moderate uptake in the splenic lesion. Extra-splenic lesions were absent.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003784,Visualization of commercially available esophageal cooling device on ICE.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003785,Moderate to severe global hypokinesis of the LV on echocardiogram. LV: left ventricle
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003786,"Coronal reformatted images from portal venous phase post-iodinated contrast CT scan. A large volume of tumour has invaded the SMV and occupies the lumen of the main SMV trunk (ii). This impairs splanchnic blood flow to the liver resulting in pre-hepatic mesenteric venous hypertension and the formation of mesenteric varices (iv). The small bowel varices are responsible for the clinical presentation of GI haemorrhage. i SMV. ii Tumour invading SMV. iii Superior mesenteric artery. iv Large varices in the small bowel and left upper quadrant. SMV, superior mesenteric vein."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003787,Control CT scan showing regression of frontal and intraorbital abscesses.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003788,Thyroid ultrasound demonstrating heterogenous echotexture with diminished blood flow on color doppler
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003789,CBCT showing the necrotic bone extension.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003790,Ultrasound image of the gestational sac with embryo.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003791,Abdominal CTA 3 months after surgery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003792,T2 MRI brain showing normal finding
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003793,Axial slice of an abdominal CT in a scan during portal venous phase in a patient with metastatic malignant melanoma. The image shows enterocolic intussusception (arrowhead) with mesenteric fat (small arrow) and mesenteric vessels (thick arrow) being drawn into the intussusception. Surgical treatment revealed intraluminal metastasis of malignant melanoma which was not seen on the CT scan.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003794,"Angiography of inferior vena cava, lateral view. Stenosis at the proximal anastomosis (white asterisk) of a Fontan conduit, 15 years after intervention. FC, Fontan conduit; IVC, inferior vena cava; PA, pulmonary arteries."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003795,Liver lymphangiography in a Fontan patient with protein losing enteropathy: note the dilated lymphatics in the peri-portal area draining toward the gut (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003796,Embryo located eccentrically in the right side of the uterine fundus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003797,Transvaginal ultrasound control performed on day 15.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003798,Computed tomographic images. Thoracic computed tomography showing a left-sided pneumothorax (red arrow) and mediastinal emphysema (blue arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003799,SPECT-CT: Bilateral metabolic activity increase in both adrenal glands.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003800,"Lateral/profile view (90°) of coronary catheterization showing the absence of coronary epicardial atherosclerotic lesions and a foreign intracardiac body, presumably located at the level of the interventricular septum."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003801,"Cardiac computerized tomography showing intracardiac metallic foreign body, with dimensions of 3 × 44 mm. The proximal end is located intracavitary, inside the left atria, near the ostia of the atrial appendage, running a course towards the anterior septum [modified LV 2 chamber view, left heart early arterial phase], initially with an epicardial location, running behind the left anterior descending artery and the origin of the left circumflex artery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003802,Ultrasound image demonstrating a needle placed in the space between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles (transversus abdominis plane) with the injection of local anesthetic into the target area.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003803,Preoperative radiograph of a patient who received erector spinae plane block with liposomal bupivacaine.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003804,"Ultrasound image of an erector spinae plane block. ESM = erector spinae muscle group, NT = needle tip, TP = transverse process"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003805,"Axial CT at presentation showed hyperdense lesion (outlined by arrows) 49 mm in length which may represent haematoma or giant aneurysm. CT, computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003806,Transabdominal ultrasonogram of the uterus and core needle biopsy of the uterine lesion. The red arrows indicate the uterine lesion (in the uterine doom myometrium); blue arrows indicate the uterine corpus; the green arrow indicates the automatic biopsy system in the uterine cavity. The core needle is activated into the uterine myometrium lesion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003807,Six months follow-up radiograph
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003808,"Plain CXR showed posterior spinal instrumented fusion T7–T11. Pedicle screw inserted bilateral T7, T8, T11, T12."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003809,Post-revision 2021.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003810,"First recall after 8 months. Due to the change in orientation of the broken instrument and the wide apical foramen, a decision was taken to remedicate the canal and follow-up the case as the tooth was functional, and the patient was asymptomatic."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003811,Upper abdominal longitudinal scan of the gallbladder
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003812,"Suprasternal View, Aortic Flap"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003813,"Portable chest radiograph indicating right perihilar, right lower lobe, and left lower lung airspace opacities (red arrows), consistent with multi-segment or viral pneumonia."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003814,Sagittal image of brain CT showing subarachnoid hemorrhage (blue arrow). CT: computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003815,Parasternal long axis view of TTE showing aortic valve vegetation (blue arrow). TTE: transthoracic echocardiogram.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003816,Parasternal long axis view of TTE showing mitral valve vegetation (blue arrow). TTE: transthoracic echocardiogram.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003817,"Biliary leakage post-cholecystectomy.A 69-year-old female ten days after a cholecystectomy complicated by fluid collection drained under radiological guidance. Axial T1-weighted sequence one and a half hours after intravenous administration of gadobenate dimeglumine shows high-signal intensity fluid seen in the hepatic hilum (arrow), confirmed the bilious nature of the leak."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003818,Coronal section of abdominal CT scan showing low attenuating well defined in the left upper quadrant of abdomen with mild hydronephrosis left pelvi-calyceal system.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003819,"Transverse section of abdominal CT scan indicating a thick-walled, well-defined, hypodense, cystic lesion attached to the tail of pancreas."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003820,Ground-glass opacities on chest CT in a patient with COVID-19-related pneumonia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003821,M mode of TAPSE of the free right ventricular wall as seen from the right-ventricle-focused apical view.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003822,"Plain pelvic X-Ray showing a semi-radio-opaque tubular shadow in the pelvis, as indicated by the arrows."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003823," Anteroposterior (AP) X-ray of the right shoulder at initial presentation demonstrating no obvious deformity, dislocation, or malignancy. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003824,Sonographic optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003825,Preoperative computed tomography demonstrates diffuse-type hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with a small left ventricular cavity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003826,"Measurement of peri-implant bone loss: (A) after implant placement, (B) after 1 month, and (C) after 4 months."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003827,Coronal section contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography showing an enlarged pancreatic head and heterogeneously enhanced parenchyma with a small area of necrosis extending into the peripancreatic fat plane around the celiac trunk. The intrapancreatic common bile duct is narrowed with consequent biliary stasis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003828,GGO shadow increases and the range increases.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003829,Lesion still exists.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003830,"MRI of thigh T1 sequence, red arrows demonstrating diffuse subcutaneous and myofascial edema without focal abscess or necrosis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003831,Pulmonary computed tomography performed on admission.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003832,"This periprocedural fluoroscopic image shows deployment of a self-expanding TAVI Evolut PRO+ (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) device at a depth of 3 mm in the aortic valve during rapid pacing."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003833,Arterial-phase postcontrast transverse thoracic angiogram CT image at the level of the pulmonary trunk (PT) in a 16 kg male beagle with an RPAD index of 17%. The PT to aorta ratio measurement technique consists of the measure of the maximum diameter of the PT measured immediately ventral to the bifurcation into left and right pulmonary arteries (solid line) and the measure of the short axis of the diameter of the descending part of the aorta (DAo) (solid line double arrow) or the short axis of the diameter of the ascending part of the aorta (AAo) (no solid line double arrow). The PT:DAo ratio of this dog was 1.72 and the PT:AAo ratio was 1.47.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003834,X-ray of case 1 after bevacizumab
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003835,X-ray of case 2 before bevacizumab
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003836,Anteroposterior radiograph of a pelvic malunion with internal rotation deformity of the right hemipelvis demonstrating diagonal distance from the low border of the sacroiliac joint to the bottom of the radiographic tear drop in skeletally mature patients.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003837,Ultrasound and CEUS aspect of benign PVT: (a) aspect in the standard US (between arrows); (b) no enhancement in the arterial phase (between arrows); (c) no enhancement in the portal phase (between arrows); (d) no enhancement in the late phase (between arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003838,Coronal CT image of (yellow arrowheads) bilateral femoral focal intra-medullary high CT density lesions in a patient with MM.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003839,"Enlarged perivascular spaced (EPVS) in cerebral MRI: 4.5-year-old boy, T2w-image, EPVS 2 mm diameter [Courtesy Kinderkrankenhaus Kliniken der Stadt Köln]"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003840,"Case no 1. A 72 years old female presented with a left sided breast and axillary pain 5 days after receiving the first dose of AstraZeneca vaccine.Axillary ultrasonography showed a lymph node with an intact fatty hilum, but with a uniformly thickened nodal cortex measuring > 3 mm. This was deemed indeterminate in appearance and therefore a follow up ultrasound scan was performed."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003841,Postoperative abdominal CT scan showing recurrence of the splenic cyst.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003842,Echography on readmission. Abdominal echography on readmission shows a spotted high echoic pattern in liver
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003843,Axial soft tissue contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the paranasal sinuses and orbit
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003844,"Abdominal ultrasound. Right middle abdomen window: presence of abundant amount of free hypoechoic fluid, and thickening of the parietal peritoneum where rounded formations adhere to clusters."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003845,Example of an intraoperative CBCT-scan. The white arrow indicates a residual fragment that was extracted after acquiring the CBCT-images. The other white structures represent the occlusion catheter in the ureter and the safety wire
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003846,CT abdomen shows a peripheral ground-glass opacity involving the left lower lobe of the lung
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003847," Axial contrast-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance image shows bone destruction in the petrous bone, sphenoid sinus floor, and clivus. In addition, necrosis of the soft tissues from the nasopharynx to the oropharynx, including the internal carotid artery (white arrow) was observed."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003848,Ultrasonography depicting an inflamed appendix with a 35 mm transverse diameter (arrow)APP.: Appendix
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003849,"Four-chamber view at end-systolic phase of transthoracic echocardiography in Case 1. Note that the tricuspid valve does not close at all, and the right atrium is hugely dilated."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003850,"Four-chamber view at end-systolic phase of transthoracic echocardiography in Case 2. Note that the tricuspid valve does not close at all, and the right atrium is hugely dilated."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003851,"Short-axis view at end-diastolic phase of transthoracic echocardiography in Case 3. Note that the right ventricle is much larger than the left ventricle, and the left ventricle is very small."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003852,Mid-oesophageal basal short-axis view (the same view as Figure 3) after sudden mass disappearance.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003853,"The acromion index was calculated by dividing the distance from line “a” to line “b” (GA) by the distance from line “a” to line “c” (GH). The lateral acromion angle (lateral acromion angle, angle α) was assessed between line “a” and line “d.” The critical shoulder angle (critical shoulder angle, angle β) was assessed between line “a” and line “e”."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003854,"Transthoracic echocardiography parasternal long axis view: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy predominantly septal (IVS-interventricular septum, LPW-left posterior ventricular wall, LA-left atrium, AoV-aortic valve)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003855,Axial CT angiography reconstruction indicates active extravasation from cystic artery pseudoaneurysm and hemoperitoneum in perihepatic space.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003856,CX-Ray showed subcutaneous emphysema in the neck.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003857,Temporary pacing lead tip (arrow) abutting Interventricular septum and permanent pacing lead (arrowhead at right ventricular apex
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003858,"B-scan ultrasonography of the patient’s left eye at presentation, revealing a small, flat, peripherical choroidal detachment (arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003859,"Transverse interlaminar/interspinous view (TI view). A key view for marking both the midline and each interlaminar/interspinous space. The ligamentum flavum and vertebral bodies were not visible in this view and are usually more hyperechoic in the parasagittal oblique view. Estimated depth can be approximated to transverse process depth when ligamentum flavum or vertebral bodies are not seen on either view. AP, articular process; ESM, erector spinae muscle; ISL, interspinous ligament; ITS, intrathecal space; TVP, transverse process. Informed consent was obtained from the patient for using clinical images."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003860,"MRI of the abdomen showing an intrinsic T1 hyperintense lesion consistent with a large 14.9 x 14.0 cm complex necrotic mass in the left hepatic lobe (blue arrow), with innumerable small metastatic lesions throughout the liver parenchyma (blue arrowheads)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003861,B-scan ultrasonograpy of right eye before diagnosis vitrectomy showed vitreous opacity and retinal detachment with ring occupying lesion of ciliary body
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003862,Axial enhanced computed tomography scan images of the abdomen showing a low-enhanced lesion of 21 × 15 mm in size in the S4 area (yellow arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003863,Chest CT showed a huge mass in the right breast.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003864,Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen showing right subcapsular hepatic abscess
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003865,Postoperative radiograph and implant details
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003866,CT head without contrast on day 19 of admission revealed an interval decrease in ventricular size and catheter tips in the left lateral ventricle. “P” shown in the figure represents the posterior aspect of the head.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003867,"CT head without contrast on the first day of readmission displayed ventricular shunt catheter with new intraparenchymal hemorrhage at the right frontal lobe and extra-axial hemorrhage anterior to the left frontal lobe. In addition, worsening ventriculomegaly concerning for worsening hydrocephalus was also seen."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003868,Coronal overview T1 MRI GAD of cerebellopontine angle 2 years after cochlear implantation of the right ear.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003869,"Pre-operative magnetic resonance (MRI), proton density-weighted image with fat suppression phase showing a left distal ulnar (wrist) volar ossified mass. Multiple calcified spots are visible within the tumour, which measured 3.0 × 1.8 × 1.3 cm. The volar cortex of the ulna, and the ulnar artery and nerve were intact."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003870,Axial view of intravenus contrast-enhanced abdominopelvic computed tomography scan demonstrates dilatation in the left gonadal vein and dilated vascular structures (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003871,"Measurement of the critical shoulder angle (CSA) on an anterior-posterior radiograph of the right shoulder. (CSA is measured as the angle between a line parallel to the glenoid, and a line through the inferior-lateral edge of the glenoid and the inferior-lateral edge of the acromion, in this example, the angle was 30o)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003872,"Anatomic landmarks of real-time ultrasound-guided kidney allograft biopsy. Ultrasound image of the right iliac kidney allograft; TER, tangential, extraperitoneal, retrorenal; G, gauge."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003873,"Color-duplex ultrasound image of right iliac kidney allograft and dislocated inferior epigastric artery. TER, tangential, extraperitoneal, retrorenal."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003874,Doppler waveforms for measuring longitudinal MN gliding during active flexion and the extension cycle of the index finger at a speed of one time per second. (This figure was adapted from Liu et al. [33]).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003875,Chest X-ray (PA) shows no mass in the left hemithorax after thoracotomy and tumor resection; chest tube in situ; heart and lungs appear normal.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003876,CT head without contrast at age 44 showing bilateral globus pallidus hypodensities.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003877,CT angiography showing aortic thrombosis (case no. 1).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003878,(A) The distance between cornea and anterior lens capsule (D1); (B) the distance between posterior lens capsule and optic papilla (D2).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003879,Left Testicular Mass on Ultrasound
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003880,Initial chest X-ray upon hospital transfer demonstrating complete opacification of the left thorax (yellow arrow) with slight right-sided mediastinal shift (blue arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003881,Axial section from a non-contrast CT chest showing bilateral pleural effusions (arrows) and ground-glass opacities
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003882,Small bowel–small bowel intussusception. Classic target sign is the radiographic finding on abdominal ultrasound.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003883,Coronary angiography revealed two consecutive critical stenosis of the SVG to PDA.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003884,Left Total Hip replacement in a patient 6 months after Acetabular Fracture using a Cup-Cage construct** Previous Right Total Hip replacement in situ
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003885,Right Acetabular fracture with Medial migration of the Femoral Head (Axial view)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003886,CT scan demonstrating Right Acetabular Fracture Non-Union 5 months post-injury (coronal view)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003887,AP Radiograph demonstrating Pelvic Ring injury with Subtle Superior displacement of Left Hemipelvis* (Vertical Shear Fracture)*Arrows indicating points of Fracture and superior displacement of Left Hemipelvis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003888," Transverse T2 image showing the vertebral compression fracture and epidural abscess (arrow), compressing the spinal cord."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003889,Pre-operative radiograph of the only patient in the study who subsequently had a prosthetic dislocation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003890,Postoperative dadiograph at day 35 demonstrating a dislocation of the bipolar hip hemiarthroplasty prosthesis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003891,Chest X-ray showing elevated dome of left hemidiaphragm with cardiac silhouette towards the right side.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003892,"Transverse thoracic view in b-mode demonstrating dextroposition of the heart and a small echogenic mass that represents the sequestration (S) behind the heart on the right side. LL, left lung; LV, left ventricle; RV, right ventricle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003893,Axial T2-weighted sequence of a preoperative MRI showing the DN on both sides (arrows) within the perifocal edema surrounding a midline cerebellar tumor
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003894,MRI postcontrast T1W axial left sphenoidal and ethmoidal sinusitis with left cavernous sinus thrombosis and proptosis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003895,Panoramic radiograph of the mandible demonstrating an asymmetric enlargement of the right mandibular condyle and elongation of the right mandibular neck. Dental malocclusion on the right side can be seen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003896,"Contrast-enhanced CT scan of patient 1: IVC thrombosis (bottom arrow) and collateral abdominal veins (top, notched arrow) are clearly visible"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003897,Fluoroscopy image after six weeks postoperatively (EUTHANASIA).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003898,Transesophageal echocardiography shows 6 × 7 mm vegetation (white circle) on the NCC
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003899,Image showing CT guided FNAC from right upper lobe lesion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003900,"Sagittal CT scan, soft tissue window, of a 13-year-old Bengal tiger affected by cervical spondylomyelopathy. Note the reduction of the C5-C6 intervertebral space, associated with the ventral dislocation of the cranial vertebral end-plate of C6 compared to C5. The presence of medial C5-C6 disc herniation, slightly compressive, and of vertebral spondylosis in C5-C6 and C6-C7 can be observed."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003901,"Intracardiac echocardiography showed 2 oscillating mobile vegetations attached to the leaflets of the aortic bioprosthetic valve and the perivalvular aortic root fluid (asterisk).LCC: left coronary cusp, NCC: non coronary cusp, RCC: right coronary cusp."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003903,Abdominal X-ray showing moderately distended small bowel loops. A few air-fluid levels seen. Caliber measurements of up to 3.7 cm with a few scattered air-fluid levels.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003904,Axial CT scan without contrast identifying bilateral pulmonary infiltrates with a large air-fluid collection (pointed to by the red arrow) within the right lobe
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003905,Sagittal plane of the CT scan of the paranasal sinuses showing thickening of right ethmoid sinus mucosa and fluid in sphenoid sinus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003906,"Point-of-care ultrasound of the abdominal wall abscess, demonstrating surgical mesh (M) and associated fluid collection (C) extending across the peritoneum (P) and communicating with intraperitoneal abscess (A)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003907,"Medial tibial depth. Line i: the line tangent to the medial plateau, which is drawn to the proximal cortex border of the tibial plateau. Line j gets through the lowest point of the medial concavity and parallel to line i. The distance between the two lines is defined as medial tibial depth (MTD)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003908,Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showing the “whirlpool sign” (red ring) with dilated intestine (yellow arrow) and collapsed intestine (green arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003909,Panoramic X-ray images of an edentulous case treated with the protocol.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003910,Upright abdominal X-ray showing mildly dilated small bowel loops
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003911,"Measurements used in the research based on an example of an X-ray image in a PA (posterior–anterior) projection. (a) Midclavicular line—right; (b) Lateral sternal line—right; (c) Lateral sternal line—left; (d) Midclavicular line—left; (e) Upper clavicular line—left; (f) Lower clavicular line—left; (g) Upper clavicular line—right; (h) Lower clavicular line—right; (i) Diaphragm dome line. Red letters are explained in Appendix A, Table A1."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003912,"Coronal view of T1-weighted sellar MRI: a pituitary macroadenoma, 2 cm in height, with both intrasellar and suprasellar components. MRI = magnetic resonance imaging."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003913,Prediction-brain tumor.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003914,A photograph of the resected clavicle including the entire mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003915,"X-ray taken at 23 months after surgery, showing that the fractured area at 11 months after surgery was well fused. An angular deformity and sternal screw loosening with medial plate pull-out were observed. Since there were no indications of additional pain or discomfort, further observation was performed."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003916,Axial-view preoperative CT without contrast. Massive pericardial effusion is seen. Dissection is suspected in the ascending aorta (black arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003917,OPG showing pulp stones in molar teeth.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003918," Computed tomography venography image. Compared with the results before the operation (Figure 2), follow-up computed tomography venography revealed improvements in left-sided portal hypertension and collateral circulations (red arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003919,Femur Cephalo-medullary nail with lag screw cut-out
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003920,Chest X-ray
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003921,SPECT/CT example of lymphatic outflow from the left distal ureter cranially and laterally to the left outer iliac vein region.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003922,"Intra-operative Vancouver subtype B3 PFF. A B3 PFF occurred during hip dislocation for THA in an osteoporotic patient. The diaphyseal component of the fracture was synthetized with multiple cerclages and an uncemented diaphyseal-fitting modular stem was implanted. After that, suture wires were used to stabilize the greater and the lesser trochanters to the proximal body of the prosthesis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003923,Plain radiograph revealed osteolytic lesion at right proximal femur with minimally displaced pathological fracture at the intertrochanteric region.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003924,bilateral ossification of the stylohyoid complex visualized in the panoramic X‐ray
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003925,Incidental finding of a saddle embolism on an abdominal and pelvis CT scan
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003926,Axial CT scan of the chest for confirmation of the saddle pulmonary embolism
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003927,Chest x ray shows Wight opacification consistent with pulmonary edema.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003928,Magnetic resonance imaging coronal T2-weighted image showing an arcuate fracture with avulsion of the fibular collateral ligament.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003929,"Coronal CT reconstruction showing multiple irregularly shaped cysts, predominating in the upper lung fields. Note the relative sparing of the lung bases."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003930,CT scan showing minimal bilateral pleural effusions and typical glass opacities and fibrosis in approximately 35% of the lung parenchyma
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003931,"Thorax CT scan revealing moderate bilateral pleural effusions and typical glass opacities, peripheral distributed in approximately 50% of the lung parenchyma"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003932,Thorax CT scan showing typical fibrotic lesions associated with bronchiectasis extensive distributed to the right lung and 2/3 of the left lung (over 75% lung involvement)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003933,"Sagittal T2-weighted MRI of pediatric patient with an intramedullary mass extending from C4-T3. Increased T2 signal is seen both cranially and caudally to the tumor. The lesion appears enhancing, although several areas of central non-enhancement consistent with necrosis are visible. Pathology was consistent with a Grade 2 astrocytoma."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003934,"X-ray of abdomen demonstrating foreign object in left mid-abdomen. A repeat X-ray of the kidneys, ureters and bladder revealed a linear radiopaque foreign body overlying bowel loops on the left side of the mid-abdomen (arrow). The exact location could not be identified. No free air noted on film."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003935,"X-ray of abdomen demonstrating migrating foreign object. A repeat X-ray of the kidneys, ureters and bladder revealed redemonstration of a linear radiopaque foreign body in the right mid-abdomen, migrating likely into the ascending colon (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003936,Chest radiograph showing global cardiomegaly and interstitial opacities disseminated bilaterally in the lung parenchyma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003937,Bedside abdomen ultrasonography showing free fluids at the Pouch of Douglas.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003938,"PET scan showing a focal area of mildly FDG avid soft tissue mass within the rectus musculature deep to umbilicus abutting the midline abdominal wall (white box), measuring 3.9 × 2.0 cm, a finding suggestive of a solitary site of metastatic disease. There was no evidence of other sites of metastasis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003939,"MRI shows patchy, spot-like, long, T2 signal shadows in the right basal ganglia and around the left lateral ventricle"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003940,"Radiological evaluation on follow-up at 1 year. Pelvis anteroposterior radiograph view showing signs of consolidation, without evidence of loss of reduction or implant failure."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003941,Anatomical evaluation of the nasal cavity by computed tomography. The unit for mucosal thickness (MT) and medial space (MS) is millimeters.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003942,Her chest X-ray (CXR) at a follow-up period of 6 months
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003943," Hypovascular pseudolesion in the drainage area of the vein of Sappey (70th female). On arterial phase contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) image, focal hypoattenuation area is observed in anterior portion of segment IV of the liver adjacent to the falciform ligament, which is not detected on both pre-contrast CT and equilibrium phase contrast enhanced CT (images are not shown). This is hypovascular pseudolesion in the drainage area of the vein of Sappey."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003944,CT scan with contrast: sagittal view showing significant oral tumor. CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003945,Neck soft tissue computed tomography revealing the left thyroid nodule.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003946,Computed tomography of the abdomen revealing multiple nodules of the liver and spleen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003947,"Chest computed tomography scan with intravenous contrast showing multifocal, patchy, and bilateral ground-glass opacities."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003948,Repeat chest computed tomography scan with intravenous contrast showing interval increase in pulmonary opacities bilaterally without any evidence of pulmonary embolism.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003949,CT pulmonary angiography showing bilateral pulmonary embolism
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003950,– Stent implantation in the right ventricular outflow tract. Cineangiography of Patient A: start of balloon expansion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003951,The radiological parameter measurements (SD and LL)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003952,Transverse section chest HRCT showing the stomach and intestines with gas bubbles (red arrow) reaching up until the level of the arch of the aorta with ascending (blue arrow) and descending (green arrow) branches visible
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003953,Coronal section chest HRCT showing bilateral multifocal peripheral ground glass opacities (red arrow) with a raised left hemidiaphragm (blue arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003954,CT demonstrating a giant colonic lipoma with intussusception of the ascending colon (black arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003955,Post-embolization aortography shows the absence of flow after deployment of the Amplatzer II plug and coils along the aberrant aneurysmal artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003956,"Axial view of CTPA in the arterial phase showing filling defects (acute PE) involving the left and right main pulmonary arteries (arrows).CTPA: computed tomography pulmonary angiogram, PE: pulmonary embolism."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003957,Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain - a slice of the T2 sequence showing stable gliosis in the left basal ganglia with ex-vacuo dilatation as well as old infarcts in the right basal ganglia
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003958," Positron emission tomography-computed tomography scanning in Case 2. The maximum intensity projection of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography revealed that the spleen was enlarged and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake was normal. Hypermetabolic lesions were detected in bone marrow, bilateral inguinal and bilateral lung hilar lymphadenopathy."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003959,Identification of a low-lying inferior pubic ramus allows for additional local anaesthetic administration to the associated musculotendinous structure
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003960,Prominent urogenital diaphragm in a younger patient
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003961,The postoperative radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003962,Radiograph of the same patient after 6 months.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003963,"Representative ultrasound image of a relaxed rectus femoris. Rectus Femoris cross-sectional area is outlined by the dotted line. The histogram analysis for computerized quantitative grayscale analysis is illustrated at the lower right corner of the image. RF, rectus femoris; VL, vastus lateralis; VI, vastus intermedius"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003964,Chest X‐ray showing bilateral circular inconspicuous heterogeneous densities circumferentially under the lungs.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003965,CT scan showing characteristic appearance of LAM
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003966,Retrograde urethrocystography: right inguinal hernia containing a portion of the urinary bladder.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003967,Intravenous urography: moderate left hydronephrosis and bladder addition image.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003968,"Plain thoracic and abdominal X-ray of our patient showing dysostosis multiplex manifested as ribs broadened distally and narrowed at the takeoff from the vertebral bodies, resulting in the oar shape (red arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003969,"Ultrasound measurements RF: rectus femoris muscle, VI: vastus intermedius muscle, VL: vastus lateralis muscle, VM: vastus medialis muscle, Green dotted line 1: thickness of RF, Green dotted line 2: thickness of VI, Arrow: placement of the gel to ensure that there is no pressure on the muscles to produce deformation."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003970,Extensive hyperfixation involving the fleshy part of the hypertrophied left adrenal gland in I123-metaiodobenzylguanidine whole body scintigraphy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003971,"KUB demonstrating gaseous dilation of the small bowel, consistent with mild ileus.KUB, kidney, ureter, and bladder"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003972,Chest computed tomography revealed a left perihilar mass measuring 4.9 × 3.7 cm with significant narrowing of the upper portion of the left lobe bronchus and pulmonary vein and narrowing of the lingual pulmonary artery. The mass was abutting the left main pulmonary artery and the left atrial appendage.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003973,Initial chest xray image with mild right perihilar infiltrate and right middle lobe lung nodule.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003974,Aortography Demonstrating Occlusion of the Aberrant Right Subclavian ArteryAberrant Right Subclavian Artery with Arrow pointing to occluded Right Subclavian Artery Right Sided Aortic Arch on Aortography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003975,Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showing diffuse oedema and thickening of the gastric wall.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003976,Barium swallow with esophageal narrowing (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003977,CT angiography showing an ARSA causing external compression of the esophagus with no tracheal compression (arrows). CT: computed tomography; ARSA: aberrant right subclavian artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003978,MRI of the cervical spine. A long segment of heterogeneously bright T2 signal intensity in the cervical spinal cord extending from C2 down to C7 vertebral level with mild cord expansion.MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003979,MRI of the cervical spine showing the reduction in T2 hyperintensity of intramedullary abnormal signal intensity extending from C2 to C7 level. MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003980,Sagittal TC-scan displaying free air in the abdomen with an important diffuse gaseous distension of the entire colon.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003981,US image showing an altered echogenic left suprarenal lesion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003982,Panoramic radiograph shows the placement of four implants in the mandible.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003983,Demonstrating one of the embryos with positive cardiac activity on color Doppler.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003984,"Postoperative T1-weighted MRI image 3 months after surgery. The surgical cavity was filled by the temporalis muscle rotation flap (asterisk), and there was no evidence of local recurrence. The mastoid cavity not covered by the muscle flap was filled with abdominal fat (white arrow). MRI, magnetic resonance imaging."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003985,"A 23-year-old female with a symptomatic acetabular retroversion on the right side. Radiological criteria: Lateral center edge angle (LCEA): 25.1°, Acetabular index: 12.1°, Extrusion index: 22.7%, Anterior wall coverage: 31.6%, Posterior wall coverage: 29.2%, Sharp angle: 39.7°. It is to be underlined that the problem is not a potential anterior conflict only, but posterolateral dysplasia. Dashed white line: Anterior wall; White line: Posterior wall."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003986,"X-ray pelvis anteroposterior postreduction – showing left side posterior wall fracture (Thompson Epstein type 2), concentric reduction seen of both hips."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003987,X-ray pelvis anteroposterior – 3 years after surgery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003988,Videofluoroscopic swallowing study image illustrating the coordinate system used for hyoid bone tracking. The red dot represents the marker placed at the anterior–inferior corner of the hyoid bone to track its kinematics.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003989,Panoramic View Showing Course of PSAA on Left and Right SidePSAA: posterior superior alveolar artery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003990,Axial View Showing the Prevalence of Septa on the Left Side
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003991, Chest X-ray (day 4).An endotracheal stent was placed in trachea (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003992,Contrast CT of the chest (day 96).The tumor diameter shrunk to 4.1 × 2.6 × 3.8 cm (arrowhead).CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003993,Patellar ligament measurements.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003994,CTA of extravasation of blood and LVFWR with pericardial effusion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003995,In-stent thrombosis after acute myocardial reinfarction
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003996,Abdominal CT scan showed a large complex cyst abutting the stomach and spleen
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003997,Subsequent CT scan noted enlarging mass with a necrotic centre and wall thickening
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003998,Sagittal T2 enhanced cervical MRI showing posterior epidural heterogenous collection representing an epidural hematoma extending from the C2-3 level to the T3 level with moderate flattening of the cord
ROCOv2_2023_valid_003999,Sagittal T2 enhanced thoracic MRI showing severe spinal canal stenosis at T1 and moderate spinal canal stenosis at T2
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004000,Ultrasound image of gastrocnemius muscle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004001,"Ultrasound of the gallbladder showing echogenic shadow from the gallbladder fossa around gallstones, suggesting a collapsed gallbladder around stones."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004002,Chest X-Ray showing mass in right hemithorax.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004003,"Ultrasound image of the middle tract of the post-pregnant uterine horn, at day 7 postpartum."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004004,Preoperative anteroposterior X-rays of the patient showing the total hip replacement and the infected total knee replacement of her right leg
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004005,Colour Doppler shows dilated intrahepatic biliary tree more on left lobe of liver.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004006,Dilated common bile duct (CBD) and pancreatic duct (PD) and linear echogenic wall and central hypoechoic worm within pancreatic duct.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004007, There was no tumor recurrence or metastasis over a 2-year follow-up.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004008,CT whole abdomen coronal view with contrast media
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004009,Chest x-ray (posteroanterior view)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004010,"Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) completed at St. Joseph’s University Medical Center, Paterson, NJ. Arrow depicts vegetation on the posterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve measuring 0.76 × 1.03 cm."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004011," Computed tomography of the chest and upper abdomen reveals bilateral pleural effusion, with suspected involvement of inflammatory exudates. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004012,"Ultrasound finding of the brain: The brain edema and on the right periventricular hyperechogenicity, the degree I, in newborn 1. Chambers easily asymmetric, VPRD = 2.2 mm, VPRL = 1.3 mm. Circular hyperechoic changes on both sides, around the tops of the lateral chambers. Right periventricular, hematoma with signs of resorption, 4 mm in diameter. Pronounced and diffuse hyperechogenicity in the parenchyma. Circulation in the a. pericalosa shows orderly velocities with low resistance RI = 0.53."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004013,"Percutaneous RFA in a 70-year-old female.Non-contrast axial CT image showing hyperattenuating iodine-containing fluid (asterisk) instilled for hydrodissection through a 22-guage needle (white arrowhead), leading to the displacement of the colon (C) and duodenum (D) neighboring the renal cell carcinoma. One (black arrowhead) of the three RF electrodes is placed within the tumor (arrow), and RFA is performed using a switching controller. RFA = radiofrequency ablation"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004014,CT with angiography showing hemoperitoneum with hemorrhagic mesenteric varix (black arrow); axial view.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004015,CT with angiography showing hemoperitoneum with hemorrhagic varix (black arrow); coronal view.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004016,Visualization of human muscle using MRI and DTI. Utilization of advanced imaging techniques offers major potential for analysis of structure as well as local muscle length and shape changes for human muscles in vivo.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004017,Meningocele at 14 weeks of gestation (2D ultrasonography).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004018,"Swan-Ganz catheter in left ventricle. Blue arrow, distal transducer port position; red arrow, proximal transducer port position."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004019,Fundamental B-mode EUS for gallbladder polypoid lesions. Gallbladder adenoma: iso-echoic homogenous pedunculated mass lesion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004020,"Fundamental B-mode EUS for gallbladder wall thickening. Gallbladder adenocarcinoma: gallbladder wall thickening of more than 10 mm, hypoechoic internal echogenicity, inhomogeneous internal echo pattern, and disrupted wall layer."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004021,Fundamental B-mode EUS for staging of gallbladder carcinoma. T4 gallbladder carcinoma: heterogeneous hypoechoic tumor (arrow) in the gallbladder without a disrupted hyperechoic layer (arrowhead).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004022,"Cardiac MRI vertical long-axis view showing apical hypertrophy and an apical aneurysm. A 21 x 14 mm thrombus is evident in the aneurysm, indicated with the red arrow."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004023,Preoperative plain radiograph anterior-posterior (AP) view showed the site of malunion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004024,Postoperative radiograph lateral view
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004025,Follow-up radiograph anterior-posterior (AP) view
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004026,Computed tomography angiography of the chest. Phlegmon-like subcutaneous lesion with skin thickening and expansile erosion of the anterior aspect of the left fourth rib.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004027,Pericardial effusion after 6 cycles of pembrolizumab (Case 2).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004028,"Septum primum (circle) and limbus (arrowhead) in a 2-day-old healthy foal visualized on a right parasternal oblique view obtained by rotating the ultrasound probe towards two o’clock and angulating dorso-caudally). CaVC: cranial vena cava, CrVC: cranial vena cava, LA: left atrium; RA: right atrium; RV: right ventricle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004029,Color flow Doppler of the ductus arteriosus (arrowheads) in a 2-day-old healthy foal on the right parasternal slightly cranially angled R-RVOT view. Ao: aorta; PA: pulmonary artery; RA: right atrium; RV: right ventricle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004030,"Highly prominent choroidal ciliary body melanoma, dose distribution, sagittal plane, maximal sparing of cornea and eyelids."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004031,"A 55-year-old male patient with COVID-19 pneumonia and known history of hypertension. “Typical” according to RSNA guidelines, and CORADS score given as 5. Bilateral widespread subpleural curvilinear opacities are demonstrated (black arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004032,A 31-year-old male patient with influenza B pneumonia was also diagnosed with known end-stage renal disease. The score was evaluated as 2 according to CORADS classification and in the atypical group according to the RSNA guidelines. Soft tissue density centrilobular nodules (black arrow) forming tree in bud pattern and peribronchovascular consolidation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004033,"An 18-year-old female patient with parainfluenza (HPIV 3) pneumonia also with bone marrow transplantation due to acute lymphoblastic leukemia. According to the RSNA guidelines in “indetermine,” CORADS score given as 3. Diffuse centrilobular ground glass density nodules (black arrow), focal peripheral consolidation areas (black arrowhead), and increased peribronchial wall thickness (white arrowhead) are observed."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004034,Hyperechoic spherical structure seen in the posterior chamber of the left eye noted at the tip of the arrow.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004035,Landmarks for calculation of nasal and nasopharyngeal volume in the midsagittal plane
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004036,"Unremarkable abdominal X-ray several hours after foreign bodies were seen on CTCT, computed tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004037,Postoperative orthopantomogram.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004038,Lateral lumbosacral X-ray reveals resorption and end plate sclerosis of lumbar vertebra forming a striped appearance like ragger Jersey.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004039,Chest radiograph of patient with arrows showing diffuse pulmonary edema
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004040,Pre-reduction X-ray image of a patient with a nearly 5-cm separation of the pubic symphysis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004041,Initial X-ray of the left elbow with medial epicondyle fracture (white arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004042,"Computed tomography of the chest without contrast demonstrating loculated, air-filled, thick-walled cysts along the right major fissure measuring 6.5 x 4.6 x 3.0 cm."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004043,A chest X-ray was taken one month after hospitalization without clinical or radiographic signs of pneumothorax.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004044,CT abdomen showing splenomegaly of 18.5 cm (red arrow) and multiple mesenteric lymph nodes (blue arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004045,"(i). Post-endoscopy single contrast esophagram. Frontal view using thin barium, demonstrating extraluminal contrast with esophageal deviation to the right"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004046,CT soft tissue neck with intravenous contrast. Extraluminal contrast within a cavity likely representing diverticulum. No perforation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004047,US of an Achilles tendon with enthesitis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004048,On MRI coronal T2-weighted images show prominent signal decrease of cortices of both kidneys and reversal of signal of cortex and medulla.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004049,Sagittal MRI T2WI shows mild degenerative changes and normal dorsal cord intensity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004050,Non-contrast abdominal CT in coronal view.Multiple emphysema foci spreading from the genital area (white arrow) to the peritoneum (orange arrows). These findings are consistent with an intraperitoneal extension of FG.CT: computed tomography; FG: Fournier’s gangrene
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004051,Axial CT with IV and oral contrast showed wall thickening affecting the cecum and ascending colon (black arrow) with lumen narrowing (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004052,Axial CT scan with delayed contrast phase shows 4 × 3 cm hypo-dense lesion (black arrow) with air fluid level (blue arrow) in segment six which is characteristic of liver abscess.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004053,"CT scan of chest, abdomen, and pelvis with IV contrast demonstrating a 4.5 to 5.0cm (gold arrow) area of calcification located in the right atrium"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004054,"Large oval-shaped heterogeneous intracardiac mass (encircled by black wedges) measuring 3.3 x 4.2 cm in the right atrium. LA: Left atrium, LV: Left ventricle"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004055,AP view pelvic X-ray shows sclerosis and collapse of bilateral femoral head in favor of femoral head AVN (green arrow). Soft tissue edema and displaced gluteal fat plans are in favor of joint fluid and possible inflammatory process (Yellow arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004056,Preoperative plain radiographs of the femoral neck fracture with tumoral calcinosis. The presence of a multiple calcified mass was observed around the left hip joint. The femur neck fracture is not presented clearly because of calcific deposits.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004057,Preoperative axial view of the pelvic computed tomography. It showed intramedullary invasion of the tumoral calcinosis accompanied by pathologic fractures of the femoral neck.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004058,Coronal view of the left wrist (MRI; T2W image). The lesion shows the characteristic “target pattern.”MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; T2W: T2-weighted
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004059,SDI measurement. Bilateral foraminal stenosis (1 point).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004060,"Representative VOI placement for the PET-based extravasation activity estimation method. VOIs were placed on the injection and contralateral arms, “Injection VOI” and “Reference VOI,” respectively"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004061,Stellate ganglion block site under ultrasound guidance.SCM: sternocleidomastoid muscle; TH: thyroid; CA: carotid artery; IJV: internal jugular vein; VV: vertebral vein; VA: vertebral artery; LC: longus colli; SA: scalenus anterior.The yellow arrow represents the direction and depth of the needle.The yellow dotted line represents the lamina profunda fasciae colli.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004062,Chest CT after treatment.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004063,Cardiac magnetic resonance with gadolinium enhancement demonstrated subendocardial fibrotic areas (yellow circles).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004064,Rectus sheath block. Arrow pointing to needle tip injecting local anesthetic into posterior sheath of rectus abdominus between the rectus abdominus muscle (superficial) and peritoneal cavity (deep).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004065,Pectointercostal fascial block. Arrow pointing to needle tip injecting local anesthetic between the pectoralis major (superficial) and intercostal (deep) muscles.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004066,Frontal CT scan of a patient with fusion of Bridwell grade I1 in both the chamber filled with bioactive glass (R) and the chamber filled with autologous bone (L)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004067, Coronal sectional view of the CT scan of the abdomen showing gas within the wall of the stomach. Arrow demonstrating intra-mural gastric air.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004068,Cross-sectional view of the same contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen demonstrating portal venous air.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004069,"The registration between CBCT (A, D) and simulated positioning CT (B, C)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004070,Computed tomography of the chest showing huge mediastinal swelling.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004071,"Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed multiple matted retroperitoneal lymph nodes surrounding the aorta, inferior vena cava, and iliac vessels."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004072,"A computed tomography scan revealed a few enlarged left cervical lymph nodes, with the largest one measuring approximately 2.0 × 1.5 cm."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004073,Pelvic MRI with a T2-weighted sagittal view of a DE nodule (blue arrow) invading the anterior rectal wall. The nodule infiltrates the anterior rectal wall at the level of posterior part of the cervix (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004074,Chest CT showing left hemothorax and ballistic fragment adjacent to the heart.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004075,Measurement of artifact extent around the screw on a proton density weighted (PDw) coronal MR image.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004076,"Coronal CT non-contrast, as previous image, demonstrates gallstone (black arrow) fistulated into duodenum with gas in the gall bladder (white arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004077,Coronal CT showing gallstone within the lumen of the duodenum (white arrow) and also note gas within the common bile duct (black arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004078,"Coronal portal venous CT, as previous image, showing gallbladder adherent to duodenum with a calcified opacity representing a gallstone within the duodenal lumen (black arrow). Also note massive gastric distension (white arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004079,Axial portal venous CT shows a gallstone within the gallbladder (white arrow) with no acute changes.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004080,Axial portal venous CT shows gallstone fistulated into the duodenum (white arrow) with gastric dilatation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004081,Axial portal venous CT demonstrates a fistula between gallbladder and duodenum (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004082,"Preoperative abdomen and pelvis CT scan. The image shows a giant incisional ventral hernia with a midline defect, maximum 19.9 cm in width, wide displacement and atrophy of the rectus abdominis muscle (yellow arrows), and herniated bowel loops adherent to the skin (red arrows)CT: computed tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004083,Preoperative sagittal abdomen CT scan with a 20-cm long midline defect. CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004084,Subluxation C1-C2 by MRI.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004085,"Axial maximum intensity projection CT angiography image showing normal great vessel configuration in a TGA patient after ASO. The great vessel angle is measured between the line connecting the middle of the sternum and vertebra and the line connecting the middle of the aortic and pulmonary valves along the short axis.ASO: arterial switch operation, CT: computed tomography, TGA: transposition of the great arteries."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004086,"Axial maximum intensity projection CT angiography image showing coronary abnormality in a TGA patient after ASO. The LM is seen arising from the right coronary cusp of the neo-aortic root and divides into left anterior descending and LCx after a short retro-aortic course.Ao: neo-aortic root, ASO: arterial switch operation, LAD: left anterior descending artery, LCx: left circumflex artery, LM: left main trunk, TGA: transposition of the great arteries."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004087,"Sagittal maximum intensity projection CT angiography image in TGA patient after ASO, showing aortic root dilatation.Ao: neo-aortic root, ASO: arterial switch operation, CT: computed tomography, TGA: transposition of the great arteries."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004088,"Coronal maximum intensity projection CT angiography image in a TGA patient after ASO showing aortopulmonary collaterals (arrow) supplying right pulmonary circulation.Ao: neo-aorta root, ASO: arterial switch operation, CT: computed tomography, TGA: transposition of the great arteries."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004089,"Oblique maximum intensity projection CT angiography image in a TGA patient after ASO showing small muscular ventricular septal defect (arrow).ASO: arterial switch operation, CT: computed tomography, TGA: transposition of the great arteries."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004090,"Axial maximum intensity projection CT angiography image in a TGA patient after ASO showing aberrant origin of the right subclavian artery (arrow) with a retro-esophageal course.ASO: arterial switch operation, CT: computed tomography, TGA: transposition of the great arteries."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004091,"FSE T2-weighted image, bilateral symmetric extensive signal intensity increase along both cerebral hemispheres subcortical region and also bilateral putamina."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004092,MRI of the brain in axial cut showing enlarged right trigeminal nerve (white arrow). MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004093,"On coronal cut, there is presence of rim-enhancing intramuscular hypodensity within the bulky (white arrows) and thickened right temporalis muscle with enhancement of the right temporalis muscle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004094,Abdominal ultrasonography revealed strong echoes in the distal bile duct with a 9 mm acoustic shadow.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004095,Anterior posterior view of supracondylar fracture of humerus fixed with Kirschner wire (post-op).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004096,"Inferoseptal late gadolinium enhancement on MRI indicating regional scar and/or myocardial fibrosis. LV, left ventricle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004097,"Postoperative aortogram (LAO 12.2°, CRAN 10.1°) with depth implantation metrics for non-coronary and left coronary cusps."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004098, Parieto occipital -Middle Cerebral and posterior cerebral area showing white matter changes
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004099,Positron emission tomography–CT revealed uptake of 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose in the sternum (maximum standardized uptake value of 4.5)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004100,"Pelvic MRI showed a left metastatic inguinal lymphadenopathy (white arrow) in heterogeneous signal in T2. MRI, magnetic resonance imaging."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004101,"Illustration of the quantitative accuracy assessment of gestational sac region segmentation. The yellow ellipse is an area (G) manually labeled by a doctor before the test, while the green ellipse indicates the segmentation area (S) predicted by the algorithm. The intersection area between S and G is the true positive predicted area (TP). FP (false positive predicted area) = S-TP; FN (false negative predicted area) = G-TP"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004102,Chest X-ray at initial presentation demonstrating a 7-cm right upper lobe opacity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004103,Peripheral angiography demonstrating femoro-femoral arteriovenous fistulas (white arrow = common femoral artery; lightning = arteriovenous fistulas; black arrow = common femoral vein).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004104,Leg length discrepancy (LLD) was defined as the height difference between the tops of the bilateral femoral heads; a positive value for left-side-down position.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004105,"CT chest, abdomen, and pelvis for staging: large fat-containing lesion (arrow) seen intra-abdominally extending from the left upper quadrant."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004106,"CT chest, abdomen, and pelvis for staging: large fat-containing lesion (white arrow) seen intra-abdominally extending from the left upper quadrant. The splenic artery and vein run within the lesion centrally to the splenic hilum (blue arrow) with no compression, infiltration, thrombosis, or occlusion."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004107, Pre-operative digital subtraction angiography. Contrast agent leakage from the patient's right L4 artery into the right ureter.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004108,MRCP shows dilated common bile duct (CBD) with filling defect (yellow arrows) and no calculus concerning biliary stricture (blue arrows).MRCP: magnetic resonance cholangiogram
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004109,The MAAA on the sagittal view depends on measuring the outer angle created by the intersection between the palatal plane and a line tangent to the anterior alveolus. MAAA: maxillary anterior alveolar angle
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004110,MRI of the patient's brain showing cerebellar atrophy (area circled with a dashed line).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004111,Axial non-contrasted CT image of the liver showing a giant fungating hemangioma (star).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004112,Coronal non-contrasted CT image showing the enlarged liver measuring 19 x 15 x 22 cm in cranial-caudal diameter and the IVC thrombus measuring 5.7 cm (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004113,"Postoperative left external carotid artery angiography, lateral view.The periphery of the PICA (arrow) was visualized through the anastomosed OA (arrowhead). No aneurysm was observed."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004114,Transthoracic echocardiogram on day 127 with grayscale 4-chamber view demonstrating echogenic foci along the posterior interatrial septum (arrows). No residual curvilinear hyperechoic structure in the hepatic IVC or right atrium. IVC: inferior vena cava
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004115,CT scan showing pancreatic tumor in the tail
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004116,Subcutaneous calcification of the left hand
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004117,"X-ray of the pelvis 2 months after an avulsion of the origin of the left rectus femoris tendon, showing a big osseous calcification on the anterior inferior iliac spine. (Only relevant findings are described)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004118,Anterior-posterior digital subtraction angiogram (DSA) of the left external carotid artery (ECA)1: middle meningeal artery; 2: fistulous point; 3: venous ectasia; 4: Sylvian vein; 5: superior sagittal sinus
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004119,T1-weighted postcontrast MRI showing spinal hemangioblastoma at C2/C3/C4 cervical vertebrae level (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004120,"TEE image of the ASD on a two atrial chamber section. LA, left atrium; RA, right atrium; Ao, aorta. The arrow indicates the maximum diameter of the ASD."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004121,"Newly developed surgical emphysema involving the chest walls, more on the right side as well as the root of the neck bilaterally (red arrows). There is also suspicion of pneumomediastinum, especially on the left side (yellow arrows). Tracheostomy tube and nasogastric tubes are noted (blue arrow). Redemonstrations of the previously described bilateral pulmonary patchy heterogeneous opacities. Both costophrenic angles are minimally blunted."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004122,Computed tomography axial view of the head demonstrates extensive emphysema in almost all of the compartments of the visualized neck (white arrows). We also saw bilateral intra-orbital emphysema.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004123,"Chest X-ray one week after hospital admission showing significant improvement of the surgical emphysema involving the chest walls (black arrowheads), tracheostomy tube, and a nasogastric tube (red arrow). Redemonstrations of the previously described bilateral pulmonary patchy heterogeneous opacities. Minimally blunted costophrenic angles (blue arrows), and significant improvement of the pneumopericardium (white arrowhead)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004124,Longitudinal sections of CT scan.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004125,Celiac artery narrowing at its origin
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004126,Celiac artery at the origin with a velocity measuring 495.76 cm/s
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004127,Celiac artery proximally with a velocity measuring 434.92 cm/s
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004128,Illustration of RMA in coronal view of cine-mode 4DCT.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004129,Computed tomography scan of the chest demonstrating left-sided pulmonary consolidations.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004130,Renal ultrasound image.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004131,Improvement in liver lesions after a 6-week interval of commencing on an MEK inhibitor. Lactate dehydrogenase was 576 IU/L.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004132,Example of MRI scan of a large prostate (137 cc): Axial T2 image of the prostate gland within the mid-gland region of a prostate with total volume of 137 cc showing a relatively thin peripheral zone (when compared to Figure 2) as delineated by the red arrows.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004133,A cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging scan of the carpal joint in donkeys at the level of the first row of carpal bones. (1) Radiocarpal bone. (2) Intermediate carpal bone. (3) Ulnar carpal bone. (4) Accessory carpal bone. (5) Superficial digital flexor. (6) Deep digital flexor. (7) Ulnaris lateralis tendon. (8) Lateral collateral ligament. (9) Medial collateral ligament. (10) Extensor carpi radialis tendon. (11) Common digital extensor. (12) Transverse intercarpal ligament.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004134, A huge cystic solid mix. A. Ced mass. Computed tomography contrast enhancement of the breast.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004135," After six cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the tumor shrank significantly. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging contrast enhancement of the breast."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004136,CXR (AP erect) indicating radiographic evidence of COVID-19 (erect anteroposterior chest view)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004137,"Parasternal transversal view: superior venae cava (SVC), brachiocephalic trunk (BCT), right pulmonary artery (RPA), pericardial effusion (PE)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004138,Subcostal view: superior vena cava (SVC) and right atrium (RA). Arrow: J-wire in RA. Caliper indicates SVC diameter.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004139,Pelvic CT showed that the lateral lymph nodes were enlarged (arrow) before interventional angiography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004140,Bitewing radiograph showing maxillary right second premolar with pre-eruptive intracoronal resorption defect with relation to the preceding primary molar
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004141,Periapical radiograph five years and five months posttreatment. Note the static status of the defect and the normal root development of the affected tooth
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004142,Coronal-view high-resolution computed tomography of the temporal bone shows a soft tissue mass (white arrows) in the bilateral ear canals with erosion (black arrows) of the underlying temporal bone.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004143,Admission chest X-ray showing bilateral peripheral infiltrates
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004144,Chest CT scan showing complete clearing of pulmonary opacities after 12 weeks of treatment
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004145,computerized tomography (CT) of pelvis showing bilateral enlarged irregular heterogeneously enhancing masses; several cystic components seen in the mass suggestive of necrosis; no contrast extravasation suggestive of active bleeding is seen
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004146,"(A) Microwave antenna seen in 3 cm, upper pole renal mass. (B) Follow-up at 3 months shows residual enhancement of the superior aspect of the lesion consistent with residual tumor, demonstrating the importance of follow-up."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004147,Location map of the liver tumor.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004148,"Longitudinal ultrasonography (US) of the trachea.US shows the tracheal cartilage (hypoechoic, white arrows), annular ligament (hypoechoic, black arrows), and trachea and air interface (hyperechoic, arrowheads)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004149,Contrast-enhanced CT scan demonstrates a mass within the left rectus sheath.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004150,"Representative computed tomography findings of HAPF showing early enhancement of the portal vein in the arterial phase.HAPF, hepatic arterioportal fistula."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004151,"Ultrasound guided ESP (1) and PVB (2) blocks (arrows depict in-plane needle trajectory)ESP: erector spinae plane, PVB: paravertebral block"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004152,"CT of the abdomen demonstrating a 4.1 cm × 2.5 cm left retroperitoneal nodule, suspicious for a metastatic lesion.CT: computed tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004153,Computerized tomography angiography of the head and neck showed right internal carotid artery occlusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004154,"Coronary angiogram with TIMI-III flow post-intervention.Abbreviation: TIMI, thrombolysis in myocardial infarction."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004155,A coronal view on CECT scan revealed a low attenuation fluid collection in the subcapsular area (arrow) in the setting of dilation of the renal pelvis (arrowhead). CECT: contrast-enhanced computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004156,A transverse view on CECT scan showed left common iliac lymph node swelling (arrow) and a dilated left ureter (arrowhead). CECT: contrast-enhanced computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004157,Fluoroscopic image with contrast injection (post-procedure)Contrast injection showing hepatic arterial vasculature returning to its pre-vasospastic state following withdrawal of vasopressor support post-haemofiltration.  
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004158,MRI liver with hepatobiliary contrast. Diffusion-weighted imaging of the liver showing dominant metastasis in segment 8 measuring 3.6 cm (red arrow) and multisegmental subcentimeter metastases (black arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004159,“Characteristic luminescence” of the interventricular septum (bold arrows) and left ventricle hypertrophy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004160,Representative coronal reconstruction image from chest computed tomography obtained following initiation of mechanical ventilation is characterized by diffuse ground-glass opacity bilaterally with intermixed nodular consolidation (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004161,Chest X-Ray showed a pulmonary nodule (arrow) in the right lower lobe that measured 29 × 21 mm without any other lesions.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004162,The representative figure of neck computed tomography scanning of 62 years old man. A white circle indicates enlarged (>1 cm in the transverse plane) cervical lymph node.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004163,Alzheimer's disease MRI Image.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004164,Stricture in region of the head (black arrow) with leak from the tail of the pancreas (red arrow) leading to a pancreaticopleural fistula.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004165, Non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging of the patient’s head showing extensive periventricular hyperintensity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004166,"Chest X-ray from the fourth postoperative day: Twisted image with lateralization of the mediastinum to the left. Inserted tracheal cannula, the tip of which projects approximately 6.5 cm cranially to the carina onto the tracheal lightening band. The left dome of the diaphragm is not sharply delineated. Marked areal compression left-retrocardially. Prominent pulmonary hili on both sides as well as somewhat blurred vascular markings. In the supine position, no evidence of a pneumothorax. Assessment: Compaction retrocardially on the left side, consistent with a pneumonic infiltrate. Mild PV congestion."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004167,Ultrasonography illustration of the left parathyroid gland 4.5 × 4.5 mm in the largest diameter (marked with the rectangle).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004168,PET CT scan showing diffuse gastric wall thickening.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004169,"Coronary angiography with left lateral view and quantitative coronary analysis. Red: reference diameter of LAD; Yellow: actual diameter of LAD. Here, stenosis of 58% was present in the proximal LAD. LAD, left anterior descending coronary artery"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004170,"The image, obtained using a multifrequency linear probe (7–13 MHz), shows the typical aspect “binary like” of a PICC in the right brachial vein"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004171,CT neck with contrast 20 days post-operatively showing a complex abscess in the left neck.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004172,Pre-orthodontic lateral cephalogram.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004173,Post-orthodontic lateral cephalogram.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004174,"CT of the abdomen showing a significant increase in the size of all hepatic metastatic lesions, with lesions appearing more hypodense, representing hemorrhage"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004175,"Measurement of carrying angle. The carrying angle was determined by measuring the angle between the longitudinal axes of the humerus (A, B) and the ulna (C, D) on a plain radiograph (anteroposterior view) of the elbow that included the humerus head and the wrist."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004176,"The right testicle was recognized as a 27 × 37 mm heterogeneous mass in the right groin, demonstrating no blood flow. The epididymis was also found bulky. The findings were consistent with the clinical diagnosis of TT in the background of UT."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004177," Admission chest computed tomography, transverse view of upper lobes, shows dominant right upper lobe intracavitary lesion. The central component is 2.1 × 2.3 cm (previously 2.0 × 2.3 cm). The mural nodule within this cavitation is 2.1 × 1.2 cm (previously 1.5 × 1.0 cm) and thin walled. Imaging shows progression of right upper lobe bullous emphysema and cystic bronchiectatic changes. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004178," Admission chest computed tomography, transverse view of lower lobes, shows new onset diffuse interstitial pulmonary ground-glass airspace opacities. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004179," Follow-up chest computed tomography after 5 weeks, transverse view of lower lobes, shows near complete clearing of bibasilar opacities. Bilateral partially calcified nodules and amorphous/nodular opacities (more on the right than on the left) are visible, as well as bilateral bronchiectasis (also more on the right than on the left). "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004180,CT Showing Pulmonary Haemorrhage
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004181,Representative image of lead placement. X-ray image showing leads positioned midline at T8-T9 for 10 kHz spinal cord stimulation (SCS).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004182,Valve implantation—intraprocedural fluoroscopy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004183,Papillary carcinoma of thyroid with follicular variant. CT of thorax showing the destructive lesion in left lower rib cage with large soft tissue component measuring 13.3 x 6.5cm (arrow)CT: Computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004184,Brain MRI axial T1 post-contrast 12 days prior to admission.MRI: magnetic resonance imaging
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004185,Brain MRI axial view during T1 post-contrast showing interval increase in leptomeningeal enhancement (red arrows) during admission.MRI: magnetic resonance imaging
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004186,X-ray soft tissue neck revealing mild prevertebral soft tissue swelling at the level of C6 (grey arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004187,"The CT scan in axial projection shows a small, rounded structure in the right dome of the diaphragm with contrast enhancement similar to liver tissue (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004188,"Patient’s Rx cord-lung: interstitial drawing of reticular micronodular type, intensely accentuated perihilar and bilateral infrahilar, with a tendency to bilateral hilum-basal condensation."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004189,Patient’s computer tomography: no fluid accumulation intrapericardial.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004190,Patient’s computer tomography: the presence of a foreign body is highlighted.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004191,"Patient’s X-ray (performed 30 days after hospitalization): bilateral accentuated lung drawing, with alveolar condensation processes, predominantly left lung; opacification of the left cost-diaphragmatic sinus, left apical pulmonary hypertransparency. ‘R’= right."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004192,"A brain CT scan was performed, showing a round hypodense intra-parenchymal lesion at the right fronto-temporal-parietal level with an important mass effect on the midline (Fig. 1)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004193,The control CT scan showing the total removal of the hydatid cyst in the second patient.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004194,CT Scan image showing insertion of pigtail catheter after needle placement via transgluteal approach.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004195,Chest CT showing bilateral pleural effusions (white arrow) and calcification of coronary arteries (white arrowhead)CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004196,Abdominal CT showing liver cirrhosis with ascites accumulation on the surface of the liver (arrows)CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004197,Doppler ultrasound of interstitial ectopic pregnancy. There is peripheral and internal flow on color Doppler indicated by the white arrows in a characteristic “ring of fire pattern.”
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004198,The orthopantomogram (OPT) shows a bone defect in the region of the right lateral incisor.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004199,Radiograph of lateral knee joint captured in conventional position
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004200,Echocardiography shows severe hypoplastic left ventricle
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004201,Left-sided pneumothorax on chest X-ray
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004202,Computed tomography images of an enlarging intraluminal gallstone. Axial view demonstrating interval enlargement of a gallstone within the gallbladder lumen. Arrow points to gallstone.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004203,Post-CardioMEMS Implantation Angiography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004204,Testicular ultrasound showing typical hypoechoic lesion (with yellow arrow) in the patient.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004205,Supine chest radiograph after intubation demonstrating extremely dilated colon (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004206,C.T. Scan: Abdomen and Pelvis without contrast on Day 21 of admission.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004207,"Pulmonary angiogram revealed multiple, bilateral aneurysms, scattered areas of narrowing, and severely compromised perfusion of both lungs."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004208,Colangiogrfía intraopetatoria
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004209,"Preoperative computed tomography. All organs, including the cardiovascular system, are mirrored compared to their normal localization"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004210,"Thoracic CT showing areas of organizing pneumonia (arrow)CT, computed tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004211,The abdominal computer tomography right revealed perirenal hematoma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004212,The contrast retention in the right kidney and gallbladder.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004213,The contrast delayed in the right kidney and gallbladder has been excreted.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004214, Abdominal X-ray. The colon is filled with air from the ascending colon to the descending colon. An orange arrow indicates a horse saddle shadow caused by a fecalith.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004215,Pelvic congestion syndrome. US axial scan with colour-Doppler mode shows dilated veins in the right adnexa with reversed venous flow after Valsalva maneuver.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004216,Chest X-ray showing proper placement of dual-chamber leads after pacemaker implantation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004217, Echocardiography shows pericardial effusion and normal left ventricular function.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004218,Computed tomography angiography demonstrating filling defect within the pulmonary artery and disease recurrence.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004219,Chest computed tomography demonstrated massive calcification of posterolateral aspect of mitral annulus (yellow arrow) and low density mass on the left atrial side of calcification (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004220," Esophagogram. A dilated esophagus with the bird's beak sign, esophageal dysmotility, and failure of relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter; Status after median sternotomy with surgical wire fixation for heart transplant."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004221,MRI T1 FLAIR with acute pontine stroke.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004222,Bilateral sub-segmental pulmonary embolisms.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004223,CT angiogram chest depicts ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004224,CT angiogram (sagittal view) demonstrating ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004225,The avulsed LIMA graft.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004226,Covered stent in the left anterior descending artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004227,Curved multiplanar reconstruction on cardiac computed tomography with contrast 3 months after invasive coronary angiography showing resolution of the spontaneous dissection of the left internal mammary artery bypass graft.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004228,Fluoroscopy of distal aorta showing narrowing.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004229,Angioplasty of right iliac artery being performed.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004230,Fluoroscopy of right popliteal artery showing good perfusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004231,– Digital subtraction angiography of the right intercostal-bronchial trunk after embolization of the right bronchial artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004232,"Hyperintense signals are present in the T2 MRI sequence in metaphyseal areas, compatible with metaphyseal edema of long bones."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004233,Anomalous orientation of the brachial plexus at the level of the supraclavicular fossa.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004234,Normal orientation of the brachial plexus at the level of the supraclavicular fossa.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004235,Saggital section MRI spine showing thickened conus medullaris and cauda equina nerve root with intense post-contrast enhancement. MRI: magnetic resonance imaging
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004236,"Saggital section MRI spine showing intramedullary T2W/TIRM hyperintensity in the cervical cord, notably in the upper cord at C2, C3, and upper C4 levels. MRI: magnetic resonance imaging"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004237,"Injection via 6 Fr JR 3.5 guiding catheter into the left pulmonary artery showing the total cutoff of the left interlobar artery (arrows and broken lines showing anticipated artery, which is non-opacified with the contrast due to the thrombus)JR: Judkins right"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004238,Repeat injection showing the resolution of the thrombus after the 24-hour infusion of alteplase via a catheter
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004239,"Ultrasound of the bladder revealing a well-defined, thick-walled hypoechoic lesion posterior to the urinary bladder measuring 5.3 × 3.7 cm"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004240,Computed tomography (sagittal view) revealing cystic lesion compressing on the posterior bladder wall
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004241,"CT chest coronal plane showing bilateral axillary, mediastinal and hilar adenopathy."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004242,CBCT axial section. The measurements of the condyle angle performed in its largest diameter related to the transversal plane.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004243,Coronal CT image of the right ectopic tooth at the antrum of the right maxillary sinus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004244,"Transvaginal ultrasound showing cesarean scar pregnancy. *Empty endometrium with empty, closed cervix."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004245,Axial view of the splenic hydatid cyst on abdominal CT scan. The green arrow shows the location of the splenic hydatid cyst
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004246,CT of the chest with contrast revealed right upper lobe (RUL) heterogeneous enhancing mass (red arrows) and scattered bilateral nodules <6 millimeters (transparent red rings).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004247,T1-weighted postcontrast MRI in sagittal view showing metastases called drop metastasis (blue arrows) to the medullary cone region
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004248,"CT scan showing diffuse long segment mucosal thickening in the distal ileum, which extended over more than 12 cm.Arrow shows several enlarged lymph nodes on the right side of the bowel."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004249,MRI of head showing dural enhancement. MRI: magnetic resonance imaging
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004250,Aspiration scale grade 8
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004251,"Abdominopelvic CT scan showing the reduction in the right abscess and significant increase on the left, with the presence of new abscesses (white arrow)CT: computed tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004252,Abdominopelvic CT scan showing no renal abscess recurrence. CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004253,Chest X-ray showing diffuse scattered infiltrates suggesting multilobar pneumonia (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004254,Computed tomography (CT) of the chest with widespread cavitary nodular parenchymal densities consistent with septic emboli (arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004255,Interthalamic adhesion area on mid-sagittal T2 MRI sequence. The area was equal to 21.67 mm2.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004256,Small acoustic neuroma (11 × 6 mm).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004257,Chest radiograph shows pleural effusions with air-fluid levels in the right hemithorax (red arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004258,"CTPA show right-sided encysted hydropneumothorax, consolidation within the right middle and lower lung zones (red arrow) and small bilateral pulmonary emboli. CTPA: computerized tomography pulmonary angiogram"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004259,Ultrasound evaluation of the deep dorsal penile vein (Arrow) shows no flow in the vein.star: corpus spongiosum
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004260,"Chest X-ray of a young male patient, having cough, sore throat, rhinitis, shortness of breath and fever but had negative COVID serology. X-ray showed left upper lobe collapse, fibrocalcific changes, atelactatic bands in left lower zone, elevation of ipsilateral hemidiaphragm with few calcific granulomas in right middle zone, these are sequelae of healed pulmonary koch’s. (Consistent with History) In homogenous airspace shadowing in both upper and right mid zones, bilateral pleural effusions suggestive of acute overwhelming infection on background of chronic healed granulomatous disease. Patient was advised for gene expert test to rule out reactivation of pulmonary Koch’s."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004261,"CBCT scan of the left upper first molar region taken preoperatively before the surgical procedure.The arrow denotes the distance from the sinus lining to the alveolar basal bone, and the distances are different at different points of the tooth involved.CBCT: cone-beam computed tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004262,"The image is showing RVG taken three months after implant placement.The arrow is depicting successful osseointegration of a 5 x 8 mm implant, three months postoperative.RVG: radiovisiograph"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004263,"PET/CT with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (axial section)A left para-aortic oval image is described (highlighted by a black circle) with central hypometabolism and scarce peripheral metabolism, measuring approximately 55 * 33 mm in the axial plane, suggestive of a hematoma contained in the abdominal aorta.PET: positron emission tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004264,Dilated IHBD and EHBD on abdominal USG.IHBD: intrahepatic biliary duct; EHBD: extrahepatic biliary duct; USG: ultrasonography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004265,CT Abdomen axial section at the level of kidney shows a large hyperdense staghorn calculus (red arrow) in the pelvis of left kidney with near total replacement of renal parenchyma by fat density (yellow arrow). Normal kidney is seen on right side (green arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004266,PET/CT showing FDG-avid R hilar and subcarinal lymph nodes.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004267,"Transthoracic echocardiography shows blood flow after PFO occlusion. No residual shunt is noted between the LA and RA. LV left ventricular, LA left atrial, RV right ventricular, RA right atrial, PFO patent foramen ovale"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004268,"Negative transthoracic UFT result after PFO occlusion. There is no microbubble in the LA. LV left ventricular, RA right atrial, LA left atrial, PFO patent foramen ovale, UFT ultrasound foaming test"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004269,Noncontrast axial head CT at admission showing SDH.SDH = subdural hematoma
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004270,"CTPA, cross-sectional view, lung window. Blue arrow left side pneumothorax, red arrow right side pneumothorax. CTPA, CT pulmonary angiogram"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004271,"Chest radiograph, with left-sided chest tube in place and improvement of pneumothorax. Green arrow chest tube. A persistent right pneumothorax that did not require decompression."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004272,Chest X-ray on admission. Patchy opacity is revealed from the middle lung field to the lower lung field.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004273,"CT of the chest after administering 8 mg/day of prednisolone and 100 mg/day of azathioprine. There is residual emphysematous change, but diffuse pulmonary infiltrates have disappeared."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004274,Ultrasound image showing left renal hydatid cyst with internal septations.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004275,"Same dog as in Figure 2, with one screw rupture at 90 days radiographic recheck."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004276,Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography scan of the ascending aorta depicting a nose‐shaped contrast defect
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004277,The portion of the femoral head lateral to the Perkins line is measured (A) and expressed as a percentage of the entire width of the femoral head (B). Note that MP = A/B × 100 (%). MP = Migration percentage.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004278,"The SG, with a triangular shape (outlined) and hyperechogenicity, was located between the common carotid artery (CCA) and the longus colli muscle (LCM) on the longitudinal ultrasound image."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004279,"The SG, with a star shape (outlined) and hyperechogenicity, was located between the common carotid artery (CCA) and the longus colli muscle (LCM) and was under the inferior thyroid artery (*) on the longitudinal ultrasound image."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004280,"The SG, with a spindle shape (outlined) and hyperechogenicity, was located between the common carotid artery (CCA) and the longus colli muscle (LCM) and was under the inferior thyroid artery (*) on the longitudinal ultrasound image."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004281,Chest CT at diagnosis of MIS-C showing multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules mainly localized in the basal segments.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004282,Erect abdominal radiograph showing dilated small bowel loops with multiple air-fluid levels suggestive of small bowel obstruction.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004283,Sagittal CT image. Inflamed appendix (red arrow) positioned between psoas (yellow triangle) and iliacus muscles (green star).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004284,Coronal CT image. Inflamed appendix (red arrow) positioned between psoas (yellow triangle) and iliacus muscles (green star).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004285,CT of the chest showing bilateral hazy ground glass opacities (arrow) and bilateral pleural effusions.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004286,CT pulmonary angiogram demonstrating moderate to large pericardial effusion (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004287,Computed tomography scan of the abdomen with oral contrast in the axial view showing gross dilatation of the stomach and retention of the oral contrast (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004288,Computed tomography scan of the abdomen in sagittal view with two yellow angled lines showing the reduced aorto-mesenteric angle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004289,MRI scan at first presentation shows a tumor mass of 2 cm located 11 cm proximal to the anal verge at the right side of the rectum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004290,"HRCT CHEST (axial section, lung window)- multiple ground-glass opacities, with a subpleural predominance- suggestive of COVID pneumonia.HC,"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004291,Chest x-ray showing mild unilateral left pleural effusion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004292,Right shoulder x-ray. No bony abnormalities are evident
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004293,Plain film radiograph demonstrates embolization of the superficial temporal artery with coils
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004294,Apical radiograph of tooth # 46 after obturation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004295,Coronal X-ray of electrodes in place for creation of Leksell’s right frontal capsulotomy lesions.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004296,Axial T1-weighted MRI with contrast of brain cyst in the left hemisphere after gamma knife capsulotomy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004297,Orthopantomography performed in 2013.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004298,"Transvaginal ultrasound showed that the mass (horizontal arrow) was significantly decreased 1 year after operation, with moderate echo and no fluid collection."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004299,Chest X-ray. The chest X-ray evaluation showed airspace opacity over the left lower lobe. 
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004300,"Postoperative cerebral angiography revealing the complete occlusion of the aneurysm and the patent DMCA. DMCA, duplicated middle cerebral artery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004301,Separation of the DeviceSeparated pigtail at the end of the device (blue arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004302,New Device ImplantNew device successfully implanted (blue arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004303,Intrasolid punctate nonshadowing echogenic foci in solid isoechoic nodules of papillary carcinoma.Longitudinal ultrasonography shows a solid isoechoic nodule with intrasolid punctate nonshadowing echogenic foci without a comet tail artifact (arrow) and a nonparallel orientation (taller than wide).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004304,Cardiac computed tomography shows bilateral pleural effusion and a calcified pericardium (red arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004305,2D transthoracic echocardiography Mobile echogenic structure in the right atrium with trace tricuspid regurgitation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004306,"MRI of the heart with gadolinium. A mobile mass is seen within the right heart, in the right atrium, and the right ventricle. The intra-cardiac portion of the mass measures 5 x 1.8 cm."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004307,Ultrasonography of the abdomen revealed enlarged size of the liver with increased nodularity (blue arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004308,Postoperative panorama of a patient who underwent additional DSO in the left distal segment
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004309,Short-axis view of echocardiography illustrating an aortic valve with presence of two raphes resulting in a restricted orifice area (right–left (RL) pattern and right–non-coronary (RN) pattern).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004310,Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showing a severe aortic root dilation in a patient with Marfan syndrome.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004311,Initial evaluation with abdominal ultrasound showed a complex lesion with an hypoechogenic ill-defined area (arrow) and a more peripheral cystic component (*) in the right liver lobe.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004312,Plain Chest CT: multiple cystic low-density shadows in both lungs were irregular in size.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004313,The brain MRI scan after 15 days. No obvious abnormal signal on T2-FLAIR
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004314,Plain radiograph showed no obvious signs of bony lesion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004315,"The measurement method on standardized knee radiographs in the lateral view. TPAA, the tibial proximal anatomical axis. Tibial posterior slope (PTS) was defined by the angle between the posterior inclination line of the medial tibial plateau and a line perpendicular to the TPAA, which is defined by α-angle"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004316,Plain erect abdominal radiograph showing distension of colon in the right lower quadrant-pelvis region
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004317,CT scan showing right-sided subglottic mass (2.2 cm x 1.5 cm) (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004318,Hanging chin sign: mandibular bone (A) projected over the first rib (B)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004319,"Epicardial contours (green line) and endocardial contours (red line) were automatically drawn using a machine learning model. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004320, Representation of the radiographic measurements. O-C2a: The angle between the inferior endplate of C2 and the McGregor line; O-EAa: The angle formed by the McGregor line and the EA-line; C2Ta: The angle formed by the inferior endplate of C2 and the EA-line; C2-7a: The Cobb angle between the lower endplate of C2 and C7; T1 slope: The angle between the horizontal and the T1 superior endplate; C2-7 SVA: The horizontal distance between the C2 plumb line and the posterior corner of C7; PIA: The angle between McGregor line and the line that links the center of the C1 anterior arch and the apex of cervical sagittal curvature. O-C2a: O-C2 angle; O-EAa: Occipital and external acoustic meatus to axis angle; C2Ta: C2 tilting angle; C2-7a: C2-7 angle; SVA: Sagittal vertical axis; PIA: Pharyngeal inlet angle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004321,"Consistent reduction of the inhomogeneous abdominal masses, as for physiological evolution of pancreatitis in resolution, documented at CT scan."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004322,"Day 1 x-ray: The thorax x-ray presented slight subcutaneous emphysema, small pleural effusion in the right base, and left base consolidation area with alveolar-interstitial opacity pattern."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004323,"Lateral thoracic spine radiograph with multiple mild vertebral insufficiency compression fractures of T4, T5, T6,T9, T11 and moderate compression fracture of T12."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004324,"Sagittal reformatted CT of the lumbar spine in an 83-year-old female demonstrating severe osteoporotic compression fracture of L1, moderate compression fracture of T11 and mild compression fracture of L2"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004325,Sclerotic pathological wedge compression fractures of T6 and T7 secondary to metastatic disease on sagittal reconstruction of staging CT thorax in patient with primary non-small cell lung cancer correlating with uptake in bone scan in Figure 5.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004326,"2D echocardiogram showing dilated right atrium (RA) with bowing of the interatrial septum to the left suggestive of increased RA pressure, severely dilated right ventricle with severely reduced systolic function."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004327,"Chest CT scan showing symmetric bilateral ground-glass opacities with associated interstitial thickening within a perihilar distribution most pronounced within the upper lobes in addition to mild para-septal emphysematous changes, and bilateral subpleural reticular opacities suspicious for underlying fibrotic changes"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004328,Barium swallow suggested achalasia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004329,"3D-MPR axial image demonstrating bilateral hyoid bone fractures, identified during TIA and PMCT in case 12"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004330,Temporal magnetic resonance image.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004331,CECT-para nasal sinuses showing an enhancing lesion in the right maxillary sinus
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004332,"Computed tomography angiogram (CTA) of the chest revealed small filling defects in both the ascending (pink arrow) and descending thoracic aorta (red arrow), highlighted by white arrow."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004333,CT angiography shows the elongated styloid processed (arrows) in close proximity to the carotid artery. CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004334,MRI of the thoracic spine (Patient #2).A long segment of high signal in the spinal cord from T3-T4 through T10-T11 without associated enhancement; findings are concerning for transverse myelitis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004335,"Modified K-TIRADS 3 nodule with partially cystic US pattern in a 44-year-old woman.Transverse US shows a predominantly solid isoechoic nodule (40 mm) without any suspicious US features in the right thyroid lobe. This nodule is classified as intermediate-risk by the AACE/ACE/AME guideline, not suspicious (TR2) by the ACR TIRADS, very low suspicion by the ATA guideline, intermediate-risk (TIRADS 4) by the EU-TIRADS, and low suspicion (TIRADS 4) by the K-TIRADS. Final diagnosis: minimally invasive follicular thyroid carcinoma by surgery. K-TIRADS, Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System; US, ultrasonography; AACE, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists; ACE, American College of Endocrinology; AME, Associazione Medici Endocrinologi; ACR TI-RADS, American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System; ATA, American Thyroid Association; EU-TIRADS, European Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004336,Conventional radiography was performed 4 months after the final operation. The white arrow indicates an incomplete transverse fracture in the lateral cortex of the right femur.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004337,Group 2 (severe myelopathy and moderate deformity) patient example.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004338,Group 4 (moderate myelopathy and severe deformity) patient example.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004339,Image showing a 21.8 mm filling defect within the urinary bladder lumen which likely represents a hematoma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004340,Axial enhanced computed tomography scan images of nasal vestibule show small elevated tumor (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004341,"Dose distribution of brachytherapy for primary nasal vestibule cancer using Au-198 grains. Orange line shows 85 Gy (100% dose), yellow line shows 60 Gy (70.59%)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004342,Preoperative TTE parasternal long axis view showing (A) dilated right ventricle and (B) flattened intraventricular septum as evidence of right-sided pressure and volume overload. TTE: transthoracic echocardiogram
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004343,Initial cardiac angiogram of the first OM/terminal circumflex with high clot burden theorized to be due to venous outflow mismatch from SVG.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004344,52-year-old man with KS and HIV. MRI of pelvis. T2-weighted axial image showing hyperintense thickened soft tissue in glans penis (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004345,Chest radiograph at hospital admission.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004346,Chest radiograph at hospital discharge.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004347,Doppler echocardiogram from admission showing an apical view with moderate-severe Mitral regurgitation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004348,Intraoperative arteriogram showing transection of the left subclavian artery with extravasation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004349,Sheath traversing transection of left subclavian artery with arteriogram demonstrating intraluminal access to the proximal brachial artery from the femoral access.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004350,Ultrasound scan at 32 weeks displays regression of the cystic structure.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004351,Ultrasound scan at 33 weeks reveals continuous regression of the cystic structure and normalization of ventricle width.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004352," Type 1 (classic) variant. In this system, the right hepatic duct (RHD) is formed by two tributaries: the right posterior sectional duct that drains segments VI and VII coursing in a horizontal plane and the right anterior sectional duct draining segments V and VIII and coursing in a vertical plane. The left hepatic duct (LHD) is formed by two tributaries: the left superior sectional duct that drains segment IVa joins the left inferior sectional duct that drains segment II, III and Ivb. The RHD and LHD then join to form the common hepatic duct (CHD). RASD: Right anterior sectional duct; RPSD: Right posterior sectional duct; RHD: Right hepatic duct; LHD: Left hepatic duct; CHD: Common hepatic duct; LSSD: Left superior sectional duct; LISD: Left inferior sectional duct."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004353,"MRI with and without contrast shows a large 9.5cm heterogeneous soft-tissue mass at the dorsal aspect of the fifth digit, with likely involvement of the fifth digit proximal phalanx."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004354,Post-contrast sagittal T1-weighted MRI showing bifocal germinoma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004355,"CT abdomen/pelvis without contrast A 4 mm right-sided non-obstructing nephrolith and additional bilateral punctate nephrolithiasis without evidence of hydroureteronephrosis was observed along with a large right anterior thigh fluid collection (6.9 x 1.4 cm) with the focus on internal hemorrhage corresponding to previously seen pseudoaneurysm. A large focal stool burden in the rectum, concerning impaction was obseved. A Foley catheter was in place and urinary bladder mural thickening was suspected. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004356,Echocardiogram after clinical improvement showing completely normal cardiac function with no regional wall motion abnormalities.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004357,Stent in osteal left Iliac artery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004358,Result of endovascular treatment
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004359,"CT scan of the chest of 20 February 2021—small, bilateral infiltrates of the grain-glass opacity type."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004360,Chest X-ray showing a patchy left upper lung pulmonary opacity and patchy bibasilar subsegmental atelectasis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004361, Postoperative chest computed tomography showed myelomeningocele while the posterior mediastinal cyst was significantly reduced during outpatient follow-up.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004362,Chest x-ray suggestive of bilateral pleural effusion (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004363,"Sagittal plane T1-weighted fat suppressed postcontrast pelvic MR section, showing a voluminous cervical polyp issuing from the cervix, with intense, homogenous contrast enhancement (white arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004364,Anterior tibial arterial blood flow velocity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004365,"Ultrasound presentation of one case of MTC. The nodule is placed in the right thyroid lobe and presents as mixed with isoechoic and anechoic parts, mildly vascularized, with largest diameter of 44 mm."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004366,Abdomen-pelvis computerized tomography showing gas in the bladder wall and lumen. The two arrows are pointing at gas under the bladder wall.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004367,Ultrasonography of the lymph node in the left armpit on admission.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004368,Intraoperative anteroposterior fluoroscopic view of left shoulder confirms reduction of the AC joint.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004369,Initial CT showing psoas abscess (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004370,CT abdomen without contrast showing resolution of the fluid collection within the right psoas muscle after placement of a second catheter (blue arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004371,Short-TI inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging. Brachialis muscle was ruptured completely.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004372,"CT Abdomen/Pelvis with IV contrast (Axial view)A CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis obtained on admission showing mild hepatomegaly, diffuse irregularity of the hepatic contour, and periportal edema (white arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004373,Axial scan of magnetic resonance showing thrombosis of the transverse-sigmoid sinuses of both sides (black arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004374,Computed tomography of the lung revealed a 6-mm-size nodule (white arrowhead) in the right middle lobe
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004375,Panoramic X-ray showed severe bone loss of the upper dentition. Bone height in the posterior maxilla did not allow implant insertion without a sinus augmentation procedure.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004376,"Measurement of the marginal bone level and the angle of the tilted implant with dedicated software. After calibration, the implant shoulder was used as a reference level (RL), and the distance from the RL to the first bone-to-implant contact was measured. The angle of the tilted implants was measured by tracing lines through the occlusal plane and parallel to the long axis of the implants."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004377,"Abdominal CT (DFOV 80 × 35 mm): Adrenal adenoma, right adrenal nodule."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004378,Admission chest X-ray.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004379,Spleen length (black arrow) and width (blue arrow) measured on longitudinal ultrasound scan
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004380, Computed tomography angiogram revealed high dense concentric mural thickening involving the ascending and descending thoracic aorta (arrows) representing an intramural hematoma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004381,"Axial T1W TSE MR image of the wrist; m. flexor carpi radialis tendon (arrowhead), m. flexor pollicis longus (dotted arrow), carpal tunnel contents (CT), m. pronator quadratus (PQ), radius (RAD), n. medianus (star)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004382,"Coronal T1W TSE MR image of the wrist; m. flexor carpi radialis tendon (arrowhead), m. flexor carpi radialis brevis tendon (arrow), radius (RAD), os metacarpale (MC)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004383,Transvaginal ultrasound revealing the right adnexal cyst
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004384,Chest X-ray after insertion of the 21F cannula into the superior vena cava (Case 1).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004385,"MRI arthrography. Oblique sagittal proton density image showing the iliofemoral ligament (white arrows) as a band lying anteriorly to the capsule.Note. MRI, magnetic resonance imaging."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004386,Normal prediction.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004387,Bilateral pneumothorax (axial view)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004388,CT scan taken after bilateral chest tube insertion and lung re-expansion (axial view)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004389,Transthoracic echocardiogram with Lumason ultrasound enhancing agent. Subcostal view showing large pericardial effusion with active Lumason extravasation (white arrow) into pericardial space consistent with right ventricular free wall perforation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004390,Three-year-old female with bilateral anterior (black arrows) and posterior healed rib fractures (white arrows) on an AP chest view. These are high-specificity fractures for NAI.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004391,Five-year-old-male with a distal radial diaphyseal fracture with callus formation (white arrow) indicating a healing fracture on an AP view of the right forearm. This is a low-specificity fracture for non-accidental injury.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004392,Anteroposterior X-ray of right shoulder demonstrating clavicle fracture.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004393,Follow-up clavicle X-ray demonstrating early callous formation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004394,Computed tomography revealed pericardial thickening but not tumor recurrence.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004395,Patient 1. Focused modified four-chamber view in transhepatic approach. Automatic border tracking of the left ventricular endocardium (green line).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004396,"Chest computed tomographic image reveals a well-demarcated, round, solid nodule in the right lung (red arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004397,"Radiographic outcome parameters on AP standing radiographs of the pelvis. FHEI: femoral-head extrusion index, CHDD: centre-head distance discrepancy."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004398,Coronal reformatted chest CT shows peripherally distributed nodules with or without cavitation (open yellow arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004399,Portable chest x-ray day 4
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004400,X-ray of RUE: Three-part proximal humeral fracture (arrows)RUE - right upper extremity
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004401,Post-operative x-ray demonstrating low left-sided lung volume (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004402,Schematic diagram of bone mineral density measurement of the vertebral body: obtained by measuring the HU value of L5 on the sagittal reconstructed CT image.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004403,A computed tomography scan showing a well-defined multi-septated fatty mass with dense internal calcification and mild septal enhancement in the left ovarian fossa (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004404,Post-operative CT scan.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004405,Intravascular ultrasound imaging showing high residual narrowing with deep dissections (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004406,Chest X-ray obtained in ED demonstrating large left pleural effusion and moderate-to-large right pleural effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004407,Right ventricle inflow-outflow view demonstrating significant amounts of air moving from the right atrium through the right ventricle into the main pulmonary artery. No clinically significant air seen in the left side of the heart.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004408,Chest X-ray revealed a circumscribed opacity in the left lower lung field (arrow) with no cardiomegaly.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004409,Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis with intravenous contrast depicting a perisplenic hematoma (arrow) with small amounts of blood products extending into the intraperitoneal space from the spleen (X).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004410,"Chest computed tomography scan: the nodule with a thin wall bulla was located in the dorsal segment of the right lower lobe, with a size of 2.0 × 0.8 cm."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004411,Lateral X-ray of the knee demonstrating localized lytic lesion in the patella with soft-tissue swelling overlying.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004412,Follow-up CT of the neck with contrast (axial plane) showing calcification of the elongated right stylohyoid ligament (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004413,"Follow-up CT of the neck and thorax with contrast (coronal plane), showing complete ossification of the stylohyoid ligament and significant bony overgrowth (red arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004414,"The sagittal balance of the cervical spine was evaluated by the C2-C7 Cobb angle (the angle between the vertical line of the lower endplate of C2 and the vertical line of the lower endplate of C7), C2-C7 sagittal vertebral axis (SVA, the horizontal distance between the geometric central plumb line of the C2 vertebral body and the posterior angle of the upper endplate of C7), thoracic inlet angle (TIA, the angle between the T1 midline and the T1 midpoint to the upper of the sternal border), and T1 slope (T1S, the angle between the upper edge of T1 and the horizontal plane)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004415,Axial view of CT abdomen pelvis without IV contrast. Red circle marking 6 mm non-obstructing left renal stone. 
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004416,Sagittal view of CT abdomen pelvis without IV contrast.Red circle marking 6 mm non-obstructing left renal stone. 
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004417,Preoperative radiograph showing horizontal root fracture at the junction of apical and middle third of maxillary left central incisor
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004418,MTA apexification with maxillary left central incisor and obturation with maxillary right central incisor
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004419,Three months follow-up radiograph
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004420,"Gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (EOB-MRI) in a patient (Case 1) at 4.0 months after stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). (A) Unenhanced T1 weighted MRI. Unenhanced T1 weighted MRI shows low signal for irradiated area. Focal liver reaction (FLR; arrows) and HCC (arrow head). (B) Arterial phase of EOB-MRI. Arterial phase of EOB-MRI shows hyper-enhancement as FLR (arrows) and HCC (arrow head), which means viability of HCC. (C) Hepatocyte phase of EOB-MRI. FLR (arrows) show low signal around HCC (arrow head), which is high signal in the hepatocyte phase of EOB-MRI."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004421,Preprocedural chest radiograph of biventricular implantable cardioverter-defibrillator with active and abandoned leads.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004422,Angiogram using a guide catheter showing the filling defect at the left main coronary artery and the left anterior descending coronary artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004423,"Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging video—four chamber FIESTA imaging revealed an 11.5 cm × 5.1 cm × 4.8 cm mass within right ventricle centred on the basal intraventricular septum. Mass fills the right ventricle cavity, extends through the tricuspid valve into the right atrium, invading the myocardium of the intraventricular septum and right ventricular free wall."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004424,"Left coronary angiography with a RAO caudal view after initial engagement of the left main coronary artery. Proximal LAD occlusion noted (black arrow) with a LAD to pulmonary artery fistula visualized (red arrow).Right arrow, coronary artery fistula; black arrow, occluded LAD; RAO, right anterior oblique; LAD, left anterior descending artery"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004425," Follow-up computed tomography scan after 1 mo. Coronal reformatted image with maximum intensity projection showed the ileocolic artery (arrow). The site of previous thrombophlebitis in the ileocolic vein had disappeared, which indicated that the vein was completely occluded and that collateral circulation was established."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004426,Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging shows enlarged right inguinal lymph node.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004427,"Chest X-ray showing a large, rounded homogeneous opacity in the right mid and lower zones with shifting of the mediastinum to the opposite side, mild pleural effusion (white arrow) in the right upper zone."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004428,High-resolution computed tomography chest showed bilateral peripheral ground-glass opacities with a right upper lobe cavity measuring 2.3 × 2.3 cm containing an opacity inside which was likely a fungal ball.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004429, Esophagram via gastrografin swallow showing tubular esophageal duplication extending from the neck to the diaphragm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004430,Swirl sign and dilated proximal jejunal loops.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004431,chest CT scan in axial window showed signs of COVID-19 pneumonia
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004432,"MRI (TIRM sequence) of the thoracic spine. Image in the sagittal plane in a patient (male, 61 years old) diagnosed with axial SpA. Multiple thoracic anterior syndesmophytes are depicted (white arrowheads)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004433,Computed tomography scan of the thorax showed the presence of a large pericardial effusion measuring up to 2.5 cm (blue arrow) in thickness along the left ventricle and left lower lobe atelectasis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004434,Transthoracic echocardiogram showing a large circumferential pericardial effusion (blue arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004435,Axial sequence of a lung window chest computed tomography revealing a left pneumothorax with bilateral hemothorax.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004436,Axial postcontrast CT image displaying the suspect prostatomegaly (*)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004437,"CT scan of the head and orbits with contrast, coronal plane, demonstrating a thin right superior oblique muscle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004438,Axial CT of C2 vertebra. Yellow arrows show the cortical borders which have been thinned out.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004439,"Sagittal MRI of the cervical spine after surgical excision of C2 posterior elements. Compared to Figure 3, there is clearly a continued expansion of the lesion anteriorly as well as posteriorly (light blue arrows) despite the previous excision of the posterior elements of C2. This expansion of the lesion has caused more severe narrowing of the spinal canal at this level (red arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004440,Intra-operative radiography showing access to C2 vertebral body. Intra-oral retractors (yellow arrows) are used to visualize the retro-pharyngeal wall for access to the C2 vertebral body.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004441,Angioplasty balloon (arrow) was used to displace the previous nitinol stent to one side.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004442,"FMD is characterized by noninflammatory, nonatherosclerotic vasculopathy with no identifiable underlying cause [1]. FMD predominantly involves small to median-sized arteries and affects middle-aged individuals (30 to 50 years old) [2]. According to recent systemic review, cerebrovascular FMD is as common as renal FMD [2]. In contrast to sites susceptible to the atherosclerotic process (proximal internal carotid artery), cerebrovascular FMD commonly involves the middle to distal portion of the internal carotid artery. The most common symptoms of cerebrovascular FMD are pulsatile tinnitus and headache [3]. However, cerebrovascular FMD is frequently asymptomatic and is found by accident through an image examination. Devastating neurologic consequences, such as stroke and transient ischemic attack, can occur in symptomatic patients. Diagnosis of cerebrovascular FMD requires non-invasive and invasive image exams, including CTA, MRA and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Non-invasive CTA and MRA are the modalities of choice whereas DSA remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of cerebrovascular FMD. Nevertheless, because of its invasiveness and risk of arterial dissection of the fragile vessels, DSA is commonly reserved for ambiguous cases and those requiring endovascular treatment. The typical imaging findings of cerebrovascular FMD are alternating luminal narrowing and dilatation, resulting in a “string-of-beads” appearance. Fusiform vascular ectasia and vascular loop are also typical features [4]. Other less typical features include aneurysm, arterial dissection and subarachnoid hemorrhage [4]. The stroke mechanisms of cerebrovascular FMD are likely heterogeneous, such as cerebral hypoperfusion, cardioembolism, and artery-to-artery embolism [2]. In this case, cerebrovascular FMD resulted in hypoperfusion of the right internal carotid artery, and further caused the right cortical and internal border-zone ischemic infarction. The stroke mechanism is supported by long-segmental severe stenosis of the right internal carotid artery. Subsequent DSA disclosed a classic “string-of-beads” sign in the cervical internal carotid artery (Figure 2). There was no evidence of cardiac emboli or artery-to-artery emboli after 24 h Holter monitoring, echocardiogram, or carotid ultrasound (without atherosclerotic plaque but reduced flow velocity in the right internal carotid artery). The management principles of stroke with cerebrovascular FMD due to arterial stenosis are comparable to stroke without cerebrovascular FMD [5]. During the acute phase of an ischemic stroke, intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular therapy are recommended in eligible patients [6]. This patient exceeded the time window for intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular therapy. Thus, an antithrombotic agent with aspirin was prescribed during the acute phase. For the long-term management of secondary stroke prevention, medical therapy should be customized according to stroke mechanisms and co-morbidities for optimal outcomes [7]. Long-term aspirin, antihypertensive agents, statin, and smoking cessation were prescribed for this patient. It is worth mentioning that endovascular therapy, such as carotid stenting or surgical arterial bypass, is typically reserved for patients with recurrent ischemic events despite optimal medical therapy [6,8,9]. At the 18-month follow-up, the patient’s neurologic deficits recover gradually with minimal left hand dexterity impairment. He also manages his chronic diseases well with optimal medication and lifestyle modification (i.e., smoking cessation / increased physical activity). Of particular importance is the relatively young age of the patient, which is the reason for the comprehensive survey of stroke etiologies. In young patients with ischemic stroke, secondary stroke prevention can be properly achieved only when the true stroke etiology is found. To sum up, we demonstrated cerebrovascular FMD as a possible cause of ischemic stroke in young adults. This differential diagnosis should be considered when stroke occurs at a young age with a typical “string-of-beads” sign on CTA, MRA, or DSA. Digital subtraction angiography shows long-segmental alternating luminal narrowing and dilatation of the right internal carotid artery with a typical “string-of-beads” sign (white arrowheads). The diagnosis of cerebrovascular fibromuscular dysplasia is confirmed."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004443,Computed tomography of pneumothorax in coronavirus disease 2019 (patient 7).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004444,Location of D3. CT of the abdomen without intravenous contrast and with positive oral contrast. The duodenum (hollow arrow) fails to pass under the superior mesenteric artery to the left upper quadrant. The duodenojejunal flexure (solid arrow) is abnormally located in the right upper quadrant
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004445,SMA-SMV relationship. CT of the abdomen without intravenous contrast and with positive oral contrast. The superior mesenteric artery (hollow arrow) is abnormally positioned to the right of the superior mesenteric vein (solid arrow) near the mesenteric root
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004446,"Late gadolinium enhancement during cardiac magnetic resonance in March 2021. Late gadolinium enhancement imaging two-chamber view (acquired 10 min after intravenous injection of 0.2 mmol/kg gadolinium-based contrast agent using a phase-sensitive inversion-recovery gradient-echo sequence) showed faint mid-wall type of hyperenhancement in the basal inferior wall segment. Cardiac magnetic resonance T2 mapping (T2-prepared steady-state free precession) basal short-axis view (A) showed significantly increased T2 values in the basal segments (up to 65 ms in the basal inferolateral segments and 59 ms in the basal anteroseptum) compared with the mid-segments (which were normal, having all T2 values <45 ms). Corresponding native T1 mapping (MOdified Look-Locker Inversion Recovery) basal short-axis view (B) showed T1 values significantly increased in the basal segments (up to 1470 ms in the basal inferior) compared with the mid-segments (which were normal, having all native T1 values <1300 ms). All cardiac magnetic resonance scans performed for this case used a 3 T scanner (MAGNETOM Skyra, Siemens Healthcare) and images were analysed with reference to expert consensus reported in the Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance.11"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004447,Mediastinal shift angle.MRI calculation of the mediastinal shift angle (MSA) on axial TrueFisp-sequences.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004448,Cardiac computed tomography in a patient after interventional treatment. Multiplanar oblique reconstruction. Blue arrows indicate: 1. Pericardial adipose tissue. 2. Epicardial adipose tissue. 3. Pericardium. 4. Fluid in the pericardium. 5. Cardiac pacemaker electrode in the right atrium. 6. Right coronary artery stent.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004449,"Myxoma in the left atrium. Transthoracic echocardiographic study, apical 4 chamber view. Left atrial mobile homogeneous hyperechoic mass, attached to interatrial septum."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004450,"Postmortem CT (PMCT) coronal chest: one 30-year-old male with complaints of dizziness and nausea. He was found unresponsive in bed. Postmortem SARS-CoV-2 was positive, but the lungs are clear of consolidation or pulmonary findings of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The primary cause of death on the official record was drug overdose due to fentanyl toxicity."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004451,Short-axis view at trans thoracic echocardiography two months after heart transplantation. Note the concentric and symmetric hypertrophy of the left ventricle (red arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004452,"Short-axis view at trans thoracic echocardiography, one month after heart transplantation. Note the small pericardial effusion in the lateral position (red arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004453,Initial panoramic radiograph
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004454,Crazy paving pattern.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004455,"Demonstrates the gamma, and delta angle alignments on the sagittal plane"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004456,Osteoporotic fractures at the thoracolumbar junction in a 68-year-old patient. Lateral CT scan image showing a regional hyperkyphosis (45°) due to the three fractures. Gas within T11 corresponds to a fracture non-union.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004457,"Cephalometric identification of the 13 landmarks used in this study. S: sella, N: nasion, Or: orbitale, Po: porion, A: A-point, B: B-point, Pog: pogonion, Me: menton, UIB: upper incisor border, LIB: lower incisor border, PNS: posterior nasal spine, ANS: anterior nasal spine, Ar: articulare."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004458,Needles (in red box) between T2 and T3 thoracic vertebrae in lateral view
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004459,Sonar-guided image showing median nerve (red arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004460," Orthopantomogram X-ray, with representative sources of various dental mesenchymal stem cells. (1) Dental pulp stem cells; (2) Stem cells from human exfoliated teeth; (3) Periodontal ligament stem cells; (4) Stem cells from apical papilla; (5) Dental follicle stem cells; and (6) Gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004461,"Spiral neck CT scan, coronal view. The tract extended superficially through SCM (the arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004462,Coronary angiogram showing the left anterior descending artery-right ventricle fistula (black arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004463,Axial CT image of the cervical spine showing measurements of right and left facet joints.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004464,"Measurements of the lower extremity deformity (MTA, the angle between the mechanical femoral and tibial axes)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004465,Axial abdominal CT image showing midline liver. CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004466,Lateral abdominal CT scan image showing the azygous continuation of inferior vena cava. CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004467,CT Angiography in axial view showing a massive thrombus in right common iliac artery (triangle).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004468,"Axial CT SCAN of the abdomen shows no evidence of splenic artery aneurysm. Images acquired February, 2021"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004469,Cement leakage into the intervertebral disc on direct postoperative radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004470," A typical 2D-hysterosalpingo-foam sonography image. The uterus is seen in transversal dimension with two patent fallopian tubes. Source: IQ Medical Ventures BV, Delft, the Netherlands."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004471,Angio-CT of the thorax showing multiple pulmonary emboli at different sites of the right lung.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004472,Female patient with C.A.M. presented by Rt. Maxillary and ethmoid sinuses involvement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004473,Preoperative contrast enhanced CT study image. Displacement of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and superior mesenteric vein (SMV) anteriorly to stomach.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004474,NCCT head showing a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) containing sac with the brain parenchymal tissue herniating through a defect in posterior occipital bones in midline.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004475,"CT chest/abdomen/pelvis with contrast.CT chest/abdomen/pelvis with contrast demonstrating gastric wall thickening (arrows), perigastric stranding, edema, and free fluid."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004476,"The laboratory tests showed elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein, and negative blood culture. The patient was referred to Imam Hossein Hospital for diagnostic brain angiography three days after the onset of symptoms. We observed a 6/5×4/5 mm dissecting aneurysm at the P3 segment of the left PCA and nominated the patient for embolization"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004477,A recheck brain CT scan was performed one day follow up and showed the decreasing volume of hemorrhage over time
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004478,A brain MRI image of one female patient (48 years old) (the blue arrow marked the part of the lesion).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004479,Computed tomogram of an ascending aortic aneurysm with a suspected intramural hematoma
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004480,Image of ultrasound treatment interface.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004481,"Multiple hepatic metastases, previously biopsied confirmed to of pancreatobiliary primary."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004482,"Chest X-ray. Cardiac silhouette increased in size, a widening of the upper mediastinum of probable vascular origin is shown, and the costodiaphragmatic angles are blurred by pleural effusion, predominantly on the left side. Multiple diffuse distribution opacities with a tendency to bibasal consolidation are observed in the lung fields."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004483,Left leg T2 weighted MRI coronal image showed increased signal intensity on T2 weighted image and diffuse enhancement in gastrocnemius muscle (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004484,Chest X-ray demonstrating left pneumonectomy status with right functional lung.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004485,"CT abdomen and pelvis. CT, computed tomography.Arrow delineates calcified gallstones without obstruction. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004486,Transthoracic echocardiogram. Findings of transthoracic echocardiogram consistent with hyperdynamic systolic dysfunction and increased flow across the left ventricular outflow tract.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004487," Abdominal computed tomography imaging of acute pancreatitis. In the pancreatic tail, a dilatation of the pancreatic duct can be observed."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004488,"Preoperative cardiac contrast-enhanced computed tomography, showing a giant hypodense mass (*) filling the left atrium."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004489,"A 36 weeks gestational age, dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy presented with labor pain"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004490,"TRUS data: the prostate gland with a smooth contour, of heterogeneous echo structure, with hyperechoic areas in the paraurethral zone of about 12 mm (calcifications) and an acoustic path. The volume of the gland is 38 cm3."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004491, Chest X-ray image (on admission). A cardiothoracic ratio of 55% and bilateral pleural effusion were observed.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004492,Presence of bilateral distribution of multifocal airspace opacities along with a small right pleural effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004493,Chest X-ray showing diffuse bilateral infiltrates.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004494,Chest X-ray on admission showing bilateral lung opacities and interstitial markings.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004495,CT chest on hospital day 3 showing bilateral ground-glass opacities.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004496,Flow Time and Cycle TimePulse wave Doppler with measurement of flow time and cycle time over three cycles
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004497,Fluoroscope verification of needle placement at L4/L5 in anterior–posterior view.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004498,Fluoroscope verification of contrast spread at L4/L5.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004499,Venogram of the Coiling of the Venous Collateral
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004500, Immediate postoperative chest roentgenogram showed no abnormalities.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004501,Supine view of abdominal x-ray showing significant bowel dilatation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004502,"A plain radiograph taken at postoperative 18 months shows erosion of the superior cortex of the clavicle (arrow head). However, the CC and AC distances are well maintained"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004503,"Transoesophageal echocardiography in mid oesophageal five-chamber view at 0° showing a mobile echogenic mass (arrow), measuring 0.5 cm × 0.3 cm, attached to the atrial side of the posterior mitral valve leaflet."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004504,Ultrasound of liver demonstrating patent hepatic vasculature at the porta hepatis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004505,"Enhanced computed tomography of the liver two months prior to the patient’s admission.Several cysts (white arrows) are visible in the liver; however, no infectious finding is detected."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004506,Screenshot of the treatment plan. The target (C7 dorsal root) is visible on the axial plane: stereotactic irradiation is focused on the postganglionic segment of sensory root.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004507,"An example of cephalometric tracing, illustrating the CVM stage, ANB angle, and Wits appraisal. The C2, C3, and C4 vertebrae are outlined with red color. The concave inferior border of three vertebrae alongside the horizontal rectangular shape of C3 and C4 demonstrates the CS4 stage. Sella turcica and Nasion are represented by S and N, respectively. Point A displays the deepest point on the maxilla, between the anterior nasal spine and alveolus. Point B displays the deepest point on the curvature of symphysis [23]. Two lines perpendicular to A and B points are drawn, intersecting the occlusal plane (OCC. PL.) at A′ and B′. In this patient, the SNA and SNB angles were measured to be 81° and 79°, respectively. Consequently, the ANB angle was calculated to be 2°, representing a normal Class I relation. Moreover, the A′–B′ distance was equal to 2 mm, confirming the ANB angle"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004508, Curved reformat computed tomography angiography with maximal intensity projections at 8 mm demonstrates occluded left subclavian artery stent (white arrow) and occluded left common carotid artery to subclavian artery bypass graft (curved black arrow). The left subclavian artery (black arrow) is predominately supplied by retrograde flow as seen at the left vertebral artery origin (black arrowhead).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004509,Transesophageal Echocardiogram Showing Infective Endocarditis of Mitral Valve and Aortic ValveThe TEE shows extensive endocarditis eroding the aortomitral curtain with a fistula forming between the left ventricle and left atrium. 
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004510,"Transesophageal Echocardiogram Showing Severe Aortic Regurgitation, Diastolic Mitral Regurgitation, and Anterior Mitral Leaflet Perforation"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004511,"Ultrasonography scan of COVID-19 vaccination-induced lymphadenopathy patient revealed multiple enlarged LNs, with conglomeration in the left supraclavicular area."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004512,"Anterior posterior (AP) view of erect thoracolumbar scoliosis series with severe levoscoliosis centered at the cervicothoracic junction, moderate dextroscoliosis of the upper thoracic spine and mild levoscoliosis of the lower thoracic spine."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004513,AP view: Fluoroscopic guided left T9-T10 zygapophysial joint steroid injection.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004514,Computed tomography without IV contrast showing regression of primary mass measuring 4.9 cm × 6.9 cm
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004515,Abdominal ultrasonography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004516,Contrast-enhanced CT scan findings after two courses of FOLFOXIRI. Enhanced CT shows an entero-cutaneous fistula due to tumor penetration of the abdominal wall
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004517,"Preoperative transesophageal echocardiography. Preoperative transesophageal echocardiography images of the unroofed coronary sinus. Direct communication between the coronary sinus and left atrium. CS, coronary sinus; LA, left atrium; RA, right atrium; URCS, unroofed coronary sinus."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004518,Coronary angiography: occlusion of the left circumflex artery. Cx: Left circumflex artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004519,Abdominal CT scan illustrating the cystic mass with several posterior loculations
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004520,"TVS evaluation of low-lying placenta. cervical length of 2.17 cm (1); IOD of 1.28 cm (2); placental edge thickness of 0.681 cm (3) shown by the red arrow; the angle between the basal and chorionic plates is identified by the yellow dotted lines. IOD, internal os distance; TVS, transvaginal sonography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004521,Contrast-enhanced MRI with huge clavicular mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004522,"CT pulmonary angiography and thoracic–abdominal–pelvic computed tomography during respiratory failure with no pulmonary embolism, no sign of post PIPAC complications in the abdomen but bilateral pleural diffusion with passive atelectasis and alveolar–interstitial syndrome."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004523,Supplementary Image 4Axial non-contrast CT demonstrating extensive extraspinal (intra-abdominal) lipomatosis with minimal subcutaneous lipomatosis. Source: Authors of the current article
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004524,Right EPN Day 1 : Coronal non-contrast view showing collections of air identified throughout the renal parenchyma on the right. Day one of hospital admission.EPN: emphysematous pyelonephritis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004525,Right EPN Day 3: Coronal non-contrast view showing interval worsening in right renal emphysematous pyelonephritis with increased air throughout the kidney. Day three of hospital admission.EPN: emphysematous pyelonephritis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004526,Right EPN Day 5: Coronal view non-contrast showing fluid/gas level with fluid collection in the perinephric area in the setting of EPN consistent with abscess formation. Day five of hospital admission.EPN: emphysematous pyelonephritis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004527,Coronal non-contrast view showing percutaneous catheter draining the previously noted right renal abscess. EPN persisted on day six of hospital admission.EPN: emphysematous pyelonephritis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004528,Arteriography shows successful selective embolization with complete bleeding control.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004529,MRI scan. A roundish centimetric formation with a surrounding osteosclerotic border is visible at the lower portion of the scapular neck. This lesion has an uneven signal due to the presence of a central component with intermediate signal intensity (nidus) and is compatible in the first instance with osteoid osteoma with an atypical site (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004530, X-ray before surgery. Large curve limiting lung functions.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004531,Chest radiograph demonstrating no acute cardiopulmonary process and stent in the RVOTRVOT: right ventricular outflow tract
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004532,Radiographic image preoperative
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004533,"Cardiac MRI with myocardial edema and subtle left ventricular mid-wall late gadolinium enhancement involving the infero septal/inferior wall with preserved left ventricular chamber dimensions and function, consistent with myocarditis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004534,CT of the neck showed a tumor occupying almost the entire right lobe of the thyroid gland.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004535,Subcostal view of the heart showing absence of the pericardium on the right side of the heart (red arrow) and presence of the pericardium over the left side of the heart (blue arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004536,CT scan image showing the partial absence of the pericardium covering the right side of the heart (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004537,Radioactive stenting for a patient with HCCA. Arrows indicates the radioactive seeds. HCCA = hilar cholangiocarcinoma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004538,mid-esophageal 4-chambers view showing the free-floating thrombus in the left atrium and the mural one which is adhered to the left appendage
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004539,"Computed tomography of the chest without contrast showing subtle scattered nodules in the bilateral upper lobes (arrows), more prominent in the left upper lobe."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004540,Transthoracic echocardiogram showed tricuspid stenosis and regurgitation (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004541,[68Ga]Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT scan showing a left intraventricular lesion with high tracer uptake in a patient with a history of carcinoid. GK treatment was planned by contouring the margins of the lesion with tracer uptake.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004542,Magnetic resonance imaging scan showing the rectal tumor.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004543,MRI brain with 11mm left occipital fluid collection consistent with a subdural empyema
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004544,"MRI Brain with increase in size of left occipital fluid collection to 11mm, prior to left occipital craniotomy"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004545,"EUS image of ADM (diffuse type). The GB wall is diffusely thickened, and the layers of a thickened GB wall are preserved. Some anechoic areas (arrows) are visualized in the GB thickened wall."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004546,Erect abdominal X-ray with air fluid level.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004547,Example PDFF map showing the segmentations of the PSM.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004548,Hyperintense signal changes in the deep white matter in MRI T2 FLAIR image. MRI - Magnetic resonance imaging; FLAIR - Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery 
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004549, Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed pancreatitis (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004550,The location of the fornix.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004551,A CT pulmonary angiography was done to exclude pulmonary embolism. Only dependent bilateral changes in the lower lobes and signs of mild pulmonary venous congestion were noted.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004552,Pulsed wave Doppler across the aortic valve indicating a peak gradient of 109 mmHg (521.7 cm/s).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004553,"In computerized tomography, air-filled cysts in both submucosal and subserosal layers of the colonic wall."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004554,Head pancreas swollen in CT before the treatment
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004555,Retroperitoneal fibrosis in CT before the treatment
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004556,Retroperitoneum normal in CT after one month treatment
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004557,The 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET (FDG-PET). FDG-PET CT showed abnormal accumulation in the pancreatic head (the maximum standardized uptake value [SUV] max = 9.5)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004558,"X-ray examination performed 18 years after surgery showed that the fracture had healed well, and no symptoms of osteoarthritis or necrosis of the femoral head were observed."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004559,Upright chest X-ray indicates no evidence of pneumoperitoneum but the distended stomach is obvious along with an elevation of the left hemi-diaphragm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004560,Contrast-enhanced CTThe trachea distal to the intubation tube collapsed due to compression by the tumor.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004561,"Radiograph of a patient’s right hip with a BS cage (Rosson and Schatzker, 1992)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004562,T1-weighted MRI sequence showing a supraclavicular cyst.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004563,"Left ankle radiograph.Left ankle radiograph showing an infiltrative soft tissue mass involving the calcaneus and adjacent posterior soft tissues. Permeative osteolysis is present (red arrow), and the calcaneus has a mottled appearance (orange arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004564,CT angiography via the right femoral route. CT: Computed TomographyThe arrow shows a superior pancreaticoduodenal artery pseudoaneurysm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004565,Apical four chambers view of trans-esophageal echocardiography demonstrating appearance of agitated saline in the left atrium and subsequently in the left ventricle without appearance in the right chambers of the heart.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004566,Computed tomography scan showing nasopharyngeal mass (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004567,Magnetic resonance imaging at our institution revealed a lesion measuring 8.6 × 13.5 cm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004568,Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated decreased size of the lesion posttreatment measuring 3.98 × 10.1 cm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004569,Chest x-ray
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004570,Mediastinal window of thoracic CT (realized after thoracic drainage) showing a calcified pleural empyema without an air-fluid level. Left side without hemothorax.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004571,MRI showing nonspecific periventricular and deep white matter degenerative changes.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004572,"Thoraco-abdominopelvic computed tomography scan.Large mass component centered on the vertebral body of L4 and with greater left medial and anterior perivertebral expression (arrow), with signs of invasion of the psoas muscle and contacting the homolateral iliac vessels."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004573,"Proximal tibial measurements: The tibial mediolateral (tML) length as the longest mediolateral diameter, the tibial anteroposterior (tAP) as the length of a line drawn perpendicular to the tML through the midpoint of the axial cut. (TEA, trans-epicondylar axis)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004574,Preoperative anteroposterior X-ray of the right shoulder of patient 1 with inferior subluxation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004575,CT axial of the chest with IV contrast. Select axial chest CT of the same patient delineates peripheral nodular and wedge-shaped opacities throughout both lungs corresponding to septic emboli. CT: computed tomography; IV: intravenous
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004576,CT chest with IV contrast. Select axial chest CT image of the same patient shows multiple cavitary septic embolic within the left lung (black arrows) along with a small pneumothorax (*) and small left pleural effusion. Airspace consolidation in the right lung (white arrows) corresponds to pneumonia with an adjacent small right pleural effusion. CT: computed tomography; IV: intravenous
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004577,CT neck with IV contrast. Axial contrast-enhanced CT of the neck shows a hypodense subocclusive thrombus within the right internal jugular vein (black arrow)CT: computed tomography; IV: intravenous
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004578,CT chest with IV contrast. Axial chest CT demonstrates multifocal pneumonia throughout both lungs and bilateral pleural effusions. CT: computed tomography; IV: intravenous
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004579,"CT axial with IV contrast. On axial contrast-enhanced CT, the left palatine tonsil demonstrates a small focus of low attenuation with an internal gas locule compatible with a small peritonsillar abscess (white arrowhead)CT: computed tomography; IV: intravenous"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004580,"Chest CT scan revealing a non-homogeneous increase in density, diffuse GGO and consolidations at the right lung."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004581,Contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen showing pseudocyst of the pancreas (arrow) compressing the stomach.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004582,An AP radiograph of the left hip demonstrating an intertrochanteric fracture.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004583,An AP radiograph of the left hip with intact implant at a 30-month postoperative visit.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004584,"Cone beam computed tomography in a 50 year old female patient at 6 months following osteotome sinus floor elevation with simultaneous implant placement, prior to the second stage of treatment, showing implant displacement at International Standards Organisation tooth site 26 (coronal plane)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004585,CTA head/neck.Intraparenchymal hemorrhage and 9 mm subdural hemorrhage were visualized in the left frontal lobe and left temporal lobe. CTA: computed tomography angiography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004586,"Transvaginal ultrasound imaging of an ectopic ovarian pregnancy (our case) The presence of heterogeneity in the anatomical area of the adnexa (red arrows), combined with the absence of an intrauterine gestational sac, supports the diagnosis of ruptured ectopic pregnancy."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004587,Transvaginal ultrasound imaging of ectopic ovarian pregnancy (our case) The presence of free fluid and blood clots in the cul-de-sac (yellow arrows) and the absence of an intrauterine gestational sac support the diagnosis of ruptured ectopic pregnancy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004588,"Electrocardiogram-gated contrast cardiac computed tomography: ovoid hypodensity arising from the septal wall of the left ventricle can be seen, with no contrast enhancement."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004589,Endoscopic ultrasound evaluation of a suspicious peritoneal thickening.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004590,"Endoscopic ultrasound view of MorayTM (US Endoscopy, Mentor, OH, USA) forceps introduced through a 19G needle for tissue sampling of a suspected peritoneal nodule."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004591, A coronal magnetic resonance image showing the anterolateral ligament (white arrows) which is attached to a Segond fracture fragment. The white arrow head indicates a Segond fracture.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004592,The definition of minimum-joint space width.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004593,Anteroposterior preoperative radiograph of the left foot.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004594,Sagittal T1C image from a SI joint ablation with increased signal spreading along the paraspinal sacral musculature. Arrows are placed around the border of the elongated lesion zone.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004595,Transoesophageal echocardiogram image demonstrating large vegetation on noncoronary cusp.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004596,"Multiplanar multi-sequence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine showing that the cervical cord demonstrated symmetric posterior medial signal abnormalities in a pattern consistent with vitamin B12 deficiency (yellow arrows). No other pathologic enhancement was seen within the cervical cord, meninges, or vertebral bodies."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004597,Radiographic confirmation of correct alignment of healed lysis of the synchondrosis of the odontoid. Lateral X-ray image of the C-spine shows correct alignment and normal length of odontoid process at follow-up 44 mo after injury. No AP X-ray image was obtained.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004598,Representative example of a patient with ONB. The manually drawn ROI (in yellow) is delineated on an axial CECT image.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004599,Barium enema demonstrating a transition point in the hepatic flexure with contrast angling towards the lesser sac.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004600,Chest X-ray with an extensive nodular pattern in both lung fields.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004601,Cardiac catheterization showing absent left circumflex artery with extensive arterial disease.Blue arrow: left main artery; black arrow: left anterior descending artery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004602,Enlarged cardio-mediastinal silhouette.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004603,Coronal section of PET-CT scan showing small right lower lobe 0.6 cm nodule with SUVmax 1.3. The described diffusely increased FDG activity of the bone marrow is seen in the iliac bone.PET-CT: Positron emission tomography-computed tomography; SUVmax: maximum standardized uptake value; FDG: fluorodeoxyglucose
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004604,"The long-axis view of the internal jugular vein and the needle.The transducer is positioned over the clavicle (arrowhead), and the internal jugular vein and the needle (arrow) are visualized clearly."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004605,"Apical three-chamber view of the initial transthoracic echocardiogram. The hypertrophic myocardial septum on the left ventricular outflow tract with 15.6 mm of its thickness revealed (white arrow). LV, left ventricle; LA, left atrium; Ao, aorta."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004606,"Transabdominal ultrasound examinations of a 43-year-old female patient, gravida 2, para 1, at 36 weeks of gestation, admitted in a stable condition following the diagnosis of placenta accreta for 1 month, revealed diffuse hepatic artery dilatation. The colour version of this figure is available at:  "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004607,T2 weighted MRI showing a left frontotemporal hematoma with sub-acute changes. Arrow indicates the sub-acute change on the left frontotemporal hematoma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004608, X-ray abdomen in standing position showing radiolucency in the right lateral abdomen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004609," CECT abdomen ( coronal view ). CECT, contrast-enhanced computed tomography. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004610,Scheme of height ratio measurement in sagittal plane CT image. White line: level of each intervertebral disk space of the cervical spine; red line: distance v; blue line: distance d.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004611,Scheme of angle measurement in sagittal plane CT image. White line: level of each cervical intervertebral disk space; blue lines: angles between IVD spaces in relation to the axis of the cervical vertebral column.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004612,"Measurement scheme describing the distances between the disk center and assumptive center of the muscle groups calculated with ellipsoid models to further determine respective relation of moments. Red lines describing lever arms of each paraspinal muscle group. DR, dorsal right; DL, dorsal left; VR, ventral right; VL, ventral left."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004613,"Chest x-ray revealed cardiac silhouette enlarged with hyperinflated lung and left retrocardiac airspace opacity with subsegmental atelectasis, as well as blunted bilateral costophrenic angles."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004614,Computed tomography scanning of the chest revealing a remarkable improvement of hilar and longitudinal lymphadenopathy 13 months after the first visit
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004615,MRI lumbar spine with contrast. The white arrow shows L2 increased heterogeneity and an overall decrease in signal intensity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004616,CT chest without contrast showing left hepatic lobe lesion with heterogeneous enhancement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004617,Chest x-ray showing right-sided pleural effusion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004618,CT with contrast transverse images show nonenhancement of portal venous system consistent with complete thrombosis of portal venous system (Black arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004619,"Almost total occlusion of the lumen of proximal 1.5 cm segment of left renal artery, starting from the level of ostium."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004620,Cardiac MRI showing evidence of myocarditis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004621,Chest scan image showing a significant regression of intra-parenchymal condensation after chemotherapy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004622,"MRI of the cervical spine (axial) showing cervical stenosis, done two years prior to presentation."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004623,"CMR four chamber: rounded ipointense mass with clear borders, central hyperintensity and concentric trombotic layering. CMR, cardiac magnetic resonance."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004624,"CT scan 2 MIP 3D: hypervascular mass of right coronary artery. 3D, three-dimensional; MIP, maximum intensity projection.."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004625,"Inferior vena cava ultrasound and venous Doppler patterns from the index patient with pulmonary hypertension. S = systolic wave, D = diastolic wave. Note there is systolic flow reversal in all the veins"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004626,CT chest showing interstitial infiltrates in both lung fields.CT: Computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004627,"Parasternal view of transthoracic echocardiogram. The yellow arrow points to the prosthetic mitral valve.LA: Left Atrium. The left atrium appears dilated with the mixed colors indicating regurgitant blood flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium through the prosthetic mitral valve.LV: Left ventricle, RV: Right ventricle, RA: Right atrium"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004628,X-ray of COVID-19-affected chest.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004629,Lesion segmentation for radiomics analysis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004630,Fluctuational Imaging analysis results for a hepatic hemangioma with a weak “fluttering sign”. The analysis shows a colored area in the nodule.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004631,"Thoracic HRCT revealed an infiltrative lesion of the upper part of the left lung cavity with dimensions 54x38mm adjacent to the pulmonary artery trunk, entangling the aorto-pulmonary window with bronchial infiltration into segments 1–3 and the upper left pulmonary vein as well as enlarged lymph nodes."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004632,CT adrenal with and without contrast showing a 3.6-cm left-sided adrenal mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004633,"Color Doppler echocardiogram. A hyperechogenic (with acoustic shadowing), mobile image of 7 x 9 mm is shown at the lateral level of the mitral prosthesis toward the ventricular side, one of the discs showed excursion without excursion of the second disc."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004634,Initial MRI: sagittal FLAIR-weighted image with mild but inconclusive hyperintensities seen in the meninges.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004635,"Case 1 USS pre-injection (smaller, proximal lesion)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004636,"Case 1: USS post second injection (larger, distal lesion)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004637,Abdominal ultrasound: showing splenomegaly measuring 14 cm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004638,"Sero-negative undifferentiated peripheral spondyloarthropathy of the ankle. Sagittal Short-T1 Inversion Recovery (STIR) MRI of the left ankle showing joint capsule thickening, synovitis and effusion of the tibio-talar joint extending into the posterior joint recess."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004639," Pelvis radiography. Multiple cystic hypodense lesions with variable sizes and well-defined borders were shown in the right iliac bone and right upper femur, suggesting osteolytic bone destruction."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004640,Chest CTA showing scattered areas of mass-like consolidation and areas of early cavitation (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004641,Transthoracic echocardiography modified apical five-chamber view showing an elongated mass (1.6 cm x 0.6 cm x 6.3 cm) protruding into the left ventricle during diastole
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004642,CT scan showing the left lower lobe lung mass
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004643," Plain X-ray of abdomen anteroposterior view, showing tip of peritoneal end of the shunt located in the right scrotum. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004644,CT scan showing grossly distended stomach. The duodenum is not visible. Hazy intra-gastric opacification (red arrow) is likely to be food residue.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004645,CT scan showing thickened D3 segment leading to a large irregular mass (red arrow). This is closely associated with the primary caecal mass (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004646,An axial CT head angiogram demonstrating thrombus in both distal vertebral arteries.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004647,"An axial, T2 magnetic resonance image showing extensive bilateral posterior cerebral artery territory infarcts complicated by haemorrhagic transformation (arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004648,"An axial, T2 magnetic resonance image showing extensive bilateral posterior cerebral artery territory infarcts involving the cerebellar hemispheres and medial occipital lobes. This is complicated by haemorrhagic transformation in the bilateral cerebellar hemisphere infarcts (arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004649,"Computed tomography image showing a large, round, compact, and irregular mass on the left lobe of the liver, approximately 112.7 mm × 79.8 mm."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004650,Atlas and axis rotate as one unit on CT with maximal contralateral head rotation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004651,Right-sided pleural effusion clearly seen on axial imaging. Computerized tomography of the chest
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004652,"Intraoperative long-axis TEE view showing part of the left atrium, the left ventricle and the left ventricular outflow tract, before repair with the HARPOON device. The measurement of the tissue/gap-ratio is demonstrated. Tissue-length, 1.98 cm; gap-length, 1.14 cm. Tissue/gap-ratio = 1.98/1.14 = 1.74. The anteroposterior diameter is 3.76 cm."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004653,CT scan showing intestinal wall thickness (a) and intra-abdominal nodules (b) with contrast enhancement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004654,T1-weighted MRI head (coronal section) of Case Five showing right maxillary sinusitis and infiltration (red arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004655,MRI with T2 imaging demonstrating hypointense nodule on the left testis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004656,"Computed tomography angiography (CTA) displaying coronal view of a saccular, 2.4 × 2.9 × 2.5 cm, mycotic aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004657,"Computed tomography angiography (CTA) displaying sagittal view of focal aneurysmal dilatation of the proximal celiac trunk, ≤1.1 cm, with subsequent total occlusion of the celiac artery ∼2 cm from its ostium."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004658,Completion aortogram displaying successful thoracic endovascular graft deployment and exclusion of the saccular mycotic aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004659,Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) cross-section measuring details blood flow lumen. The yellow arrow points to the true lumen; the red arrow points to the blood flow lumen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004660,Uro-scanner without injection of contrast medium showed a spontaneously hyperdense left ureteral parietal thickening (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004661,Uro-CT scan with injection of contrast medium at excretory time: coronal section illustrating the dilatation of the pyelocalic cavities (blue arrow) with a delay in excretion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004662,Plain radiograph of bilateral hip joints.The image shows intact joint spaces and no evidence of osteopenia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004663,"Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiogram parasternal long-axis view, demonstrating the vegetation on the atrial aspect of the anterior mitral leaflet"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004664,T2 MRI of the brain demonstrating multiple punctate foci in the bilateral frontal and parietal lobes consistent with embolic infarcts as well as subarachnoid hemorrhage in the right frontal lobe
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004665,"Postoperative enhanced computed tomography showing absent flow into the pseudoaneurysm (asterisk). LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004666,Automatic correction of the pelvis and measurement of the leg length discrepancy and the combined offset.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004667,"Cardiac MRI of the patient. Cine image of the short oblique-axis of the left ventricle. The thickness of the basal anterior lateral wall (purple arrow span) is measured at 23mm (normal values of 6.5mm - 8.5mm), demonstrating significant myocardial thickening."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004668,Two-chamber view (end-systole)Arrow indicates near-complete cavity obliteration of the apex in end-systole.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004669,"Transverse T2w HR-MRI image of the retrobulbar region Dotted lines: the rectus muscles 1) dorsal, 2) medial, 3) ventral and 4) lateral; surrounded by continuous lines are the retractor muscles (5, 6, 7 and 8), 9) optic nerve surrounded by 10) a rim of T2 hyperintense CSF within the optic nerve sheath, 11) optic nerve sheath, 12) portions of the periorbita, 13) dorsal external ophthalmic vein, 14) ventral ophthalmic vein, 15) Zygomatic gland, 16) periorbita"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004670,Chest radiograph posteroanterior view.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004671,Enema colonography showed complete stenosis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004672,CT scan of the chest/Axial plane soft tissue window shows a 2 cm subpleural irregular mass in the anterior right upper lobe with multiple smaller irregular nodules (shown in red arrows) in the distribution of the right middle lobe and moderate right pleural effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004673,Chest computer tomography showing a pulmonary arterio-venous malformation (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004674,"The chest x-ray for case 1 shows pulmonary oedema, blunted right costo-phrenic angle and cephalisation."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004675,Second chest X-ray. Preoperative chest X-ray showed air-fluid levels within the left hemithorax and the nasogastric tube above the diaphragm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004676,Postoperative chest X-ray. Postoperative chest X-ray showing correction of the diaphragmatic hernia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004677,Chest X-ray (lateral view) demonstrating lucency (Yellow arrows) overlying the heart signifying pneumopericardium.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004678,CT imaging demonstrating dissection of fascial planes in neck and invasion of trapped air into the spinal canal (yellow arrows) via intervertebral foramen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004679,"CT chest, abdomen and pelvis sagittal view: left-sided empyema and splenic abscess."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004680,"Maximal intensity projection (MIP) of multi-planar reconstruction computed tomographic angiography at admission day. Multiple septic embolic lesions appearing as nodules are present predominantly in the subpleural as well as peribronchovascular area, while close topographic proximity to the branching pulmonary arteries is noted."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004681,"Image from the patient's TTE during cough maneuver demonstrating opacified RA and RV, and lack of bubbles in the LV, ruling out an intracardiac shunt. RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricle; LV, left ventricle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004682,CT brain showing frontal lobe abscess
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004683,Chest radiograph (AP view in inspiration) showing reduced left lung size and infiltrates in the left lung field.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004684,Post-cardiac arrest coronary angiogram (right anterior oblique cranial view) with an acute left anterior descending sub-occlusion (red arrow) and a significant stenosis (70%) of the first marginal artery (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004685,Chest computed tomography revealed a diffuse pulmonary interstitial infiltration.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004686,Axial T2 MRI image that demonstrates the muscle layers of the cervical spine of a 40-year-old asymptomatic woman at C5/C6 level. MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; LCA: longissimus capitis; LC: longus colli; LS: levator scapulae; MU: multifidus; SCA: scalenus anterior; SC: splenius capitis; SMC: semispinalis capitis; SCM: sternocleidomastoid; SMCe: semispinalis cervicis; T: trapezius.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004687,"Incidental right adrenal nodule discovered on non-contrast CT. Case courtesy of Dr. Hani Makky Al Salam, radiopaedia.org. rID:10109 [9]."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004688,Postoperative OPG
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004689,"MRI scan of brain and orbit showing smooth enhancing lesion in retrobulbar region. Arrow shows hyperintense lesion along the optic nerve (arrow), extending to middle cranial fossa"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004690,3 Tesla Contrast enhanced MRI of Brain and neck showing a 9mm x 12mm enhancing mass posterior to left EAC in the mastoid adjacent to vertical segment of Facial nerve (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004691,"Coronary Angiography Demonstrating Dissection of the Distal Left Anterior Descending ArteryImage provided by Nicole Pristera, MD, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004692,Mammography shows a large area of asymmetrical density in the left upper outer quadrant
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004693,"Computed tomography of chest, abdomen and pelvis with contrast was done, which showed the left breast having minimal parenchymal asymmetry"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004694,"18F-FDG PET/CT performed four months after MTX discontinuation, showing a reduction of the hypermetabolic activity of spleen and lymph nodes, and a spontaneous resolution of the hypermetabolic involvement of lungs and bone marrow."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004695,"18F-FDG PET/CT performed 15 months after MTX withdrawal with an increased hypermetabolic activity in the spleen and a new hypermetabolic lesion involving the L4 vertebral body, consistent with progressive disease."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004696,Moderate coronary artery calcium score–calcified plaques in both left anterior descending and intermediate left coronary artery branches (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004697,Transthoracic echocardiogram with echo dense mass in pericardial space
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004698,CT soft tissue neck with contrast with lobulated irregular enhancing mass in the expected location of pharynx and larynx
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004699,"Chest CT shows a high-density mass in the right breast infiltrating the chest wall, accompanied with a metastatic lesion in the right lung."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004700,Chest X-ray on admission.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004701,CT of the chest with contrast (mediastinal window) demonstrating the feeding vessel from coeliac plexus into the sequestrated lung.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004702,CT of the chest (axial view) showing multiple cystic lesions.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004703,Simple and contrasted abdominal tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004704,"Colonic lipoma, C1 category finding by computed tomography colonography reporting and data system. Axial computed tomography image showing a well-circumscribed fat density colonic lesion in the hepatic flexure (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004705,"Chest X-Ray showing an ill-defined, generalized, hazy reticulonodular pattern of the lungs"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004706,"Chest X-ray showing veiling of both costo-diaphragmatic recesses and numerous reticulonodular opacities, with erased contour and tendency to confluence, diffusely distributed in both lung fields. R, right."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004707,"Mitral endocarditis below and above the mitral leaflets, on both atrial and ventricular sides."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004708,"Thoracal angio. CT shows important consolidation of the right lung, posterior right pleural liquid."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004709,Abdominal angio. CT shows multiple infarctions at the kidneys and spleen level.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004710,Cropped lateral cephalogram displays bridging of the sella turcica (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004711,Cropped lateral cephalogram displays an occipital spur (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004712,"Chest radiograph demonstrating normal cardiomediastinal contours, pacemaker, no airspace consolidation, no pleural effusion, no pneumothorax, and no acute bony abnormalities"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004713,Computed tomography demonstrating the large heterogeneous solid renal mass on the left measuring 9.7 x 7.8 x 8.6 cm with extension through Gerota’s fascia and metastases to regional lymph nodes with no renal vein involvement (arrow) or distant metastatic foci noted
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004714,"Computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis, which revealed a crenulated right ovarian lesion (indicated by the yellow arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004715,Patient 1 (panoramic radiograph performed in 2010): 10 Ankylos® implants (2.5 years in situ).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004716,Chest x-ray of the patient shows hyperinflation without any other abnormalities
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004717,Ultrasound of case 2: hydrocolpos.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004718,MRI of case 3: hematometrocolpos (asterisk) and uterine didelphy (arrow and arrowhead).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004719,"Mild form of condylar hyperplasia. Red and blue lines marked F0–F5 help to visualize the distances between the tooth apex, the mandibular canal, and the mandibular base. Gonion and gnathion landmarks help to define right/left bone proportions and lengths. The yellow midline always marks the teeth and the mandibular midline. The degree of bone overgrowth and mandible angle shape and volume can be easily estimated."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004720,"Computed tomography, sagittal view. Arrow shows occluded artery"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004721, X-ray shows the presence of an L-shaped object in the oral cavity on the day of admission.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004722,Chest X-ray demonstrating bilateral pulmonary edema and cardiomegaly supportive of CHF.CHF: Congestive heart failure.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004723,"CT scan taken 3 years after JB's stroke. There is evidence of a large, chronic post-stroke lesion within the left-hemisphere. Regions affected are associated with branches of the left middle cerebral artery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004724,"A chest radiogram shows patchy opacification in both lungs, especially in the right lower zone, 15 minutes after the fibrotic bronchoscopic procedure."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004725,Chest computed tomography scan showed a ground glass opacity in the right upper lobe (brown arrows) associated to a hilar lymphadenopathy with irregular contours (red arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004726,CTA coronaries show the aortic root and the left coronary aneurysm.Red circle indicates the left main fusiform aneurysm. CTA: computed tomography angiography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004727,Right shoulder radiograph showing a healed right proximal humerus fracture in the varus position with a deformed scapular neck consistent with an old fracture (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004728,Chest radiograph showing healed right-sided multiple rib fractures (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004729,"Pelvic computed tomography revealing a diffuse prominent trabeculation of the bone associated with osteopenia and minimal expansion, as well as multiple old fractures associated with pelvic deformity due to very soft bones (arrow). This is consistent with severe osteomalacia."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004730,"The abridged general view of DHH and DAH. Take the center point of the humeral head as point C and the midpoint of the lower edge of the acromion as point A. The distance between point A and point C is DAH. Make the line between point A and point C, and intersect the lower edge of the hook tip at point D. The distance between point C and point D is DHH."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004731,"The depth of hook tip. Take the tip of the hook as point A, then make a straight line through point A perpendicular to the parallel line and intersect at point B. The distance between A and B is DHT."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004732,Magnetic resonance imaging of the left shoulder showing soft tissue thickening of the rotator interval.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004733,Case Presentation 2: X-ray after circular saw injury
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004734,Abdominal X-ray showing abdominal distention
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004735,Radiograph showing new compression fracture of L5.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004736,Dilated lateral ventricle consistent with hydrocephalus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004737,CTA abdomen and pelvis White arrow shows mid-ileal 3.3 × 2.6 × 2.7 cm3 mass favoring a GIST
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004738,Transthoracic echocardiography after cardiac surgery: Residual mild RA enlargement
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004739,Coronal reconstructed MIP image (venous phase study) shows a dilated vascular channel in the left paravertebral region at L2 level (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004740,Contrast-enhanced coronal section. Abdomen and Pelvis CT scan noting epiploic appendagitis at the mid descending colon.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004741,Chest x-ray on admission was normal.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004742,Chest x-rays revealed severe SARS-CoV-2-induced ARDS.ARDS - adult respiratory distress syndrome
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004743,Computed tomographic angiography of the chest (coronal view).Computed tomographic angiography of the chest showing multiple emboli (orange arrows) in the upper and lower lobes bilaterally.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004744,Axial view of CT pulmonary angiogram revealing bilateral pleural effusion and pneumomediastinum with collapse of both lower lobes.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004745,CT scan showing C6 spinous process fracture seen on CT.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004746,Radiograph showing undisplaced right C6 facet fracture. Potential for instability AO SLIC (F2).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004747,"Exeter CT—sagittal CT scan, made with the patient supine, reported as showing widespread degenerative changes."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004748,Exeter radiograph—erect lateral cervical spine radiograph demonstrating C5-C6 fracture subluxation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004749,T2 MRI sagittal view of the mass shows invasion of the external sphincter complex.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004750,Variant IV: Four roots with 4 canals
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004751,"Patient 1: CT with contrast shows a large 11 × 7 cm left renal tumor with retroperitoneal infiltration, regional metastatic retroperitoneal adenopathy, and extension to renal vein and inferior vena cava. The patient also had innumerable solid circumscribed masses throughout the lung parenchyma bilaterally (not shown)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004752,Chest X-ray displaying diffuse bilateral interstitial and airspace opacities suggestive of pulmonary edema.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004753,"Doppler ultrasound of the right external iliac artery showing a 10.6 × 9.4 cm pseudoaneurysm with turbulent flow to the posterior iliopsoas region, compatible with rupture"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004754,Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) abdomen showing abscess in psoas major and quadratus lumborum muscles.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004755,Coronal CT head angiography demonstrates a large saccular aneurysm (arrow) of the right internal carotid artery.CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004756,"Short axis cine SSFP image of hypoplastic RV, VSD (∗) and normal sized LV. Note the abnormal trabeculations along the lateral and apical LV walls."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004757,"An oblique coronal image from contrast enhanced cardiac CT showing a right modified Blalock-Taussig shunt (∗), dilated right pulmonary artery (RPA), left atrium, and LV. Note the abnormal LV trabeculations along the LV inferior, lateral and apical walls."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004758,Identify the normal anatomical structures labelled A to H on a non-contrast axial CT brain of a 43 years-old male
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004759,"Non-contrast axial CT brain of a 31 years-old male with an epidural (extra-dural) hematoma (arrows) shows a bi-convex hyperdense area in the left frontal region. Typically, an epidural hematoma is lentiform (bi-convex, lens shaped, lemon shaped etc.) and does not cross the sutures. In comparison, a subdural hematoma is cresenteric (moon shaped, sickle shaped, banana shaped etc.) and can cross the suture or midline"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004760,Non-contrast axial CT brain of a 51 years-old female with uncontrolled hypertension shows an intracerebral hemorrhage involving the left basal ganglia (A). Note the compression of the ipsilateral ventricle and midline shift
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004761,Non-contrast axial CT brain of a 67 years-old female with subarachnoid hemorrhage (arrows) and intraventricular extension in the occipital horns of the lateral ventricle bilaterally (A-B)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004762,Non-contrast axial CT brain of a 55 years-old female with acute ischemic infarction involving the left middle cerebral artery territory. Patient presented with right hemiplegia that evolved over past 9 hours. Large ill-defined low density area (arrows) involving the left parietal lobe and causing effacement of the adjacent sulci is the characteristic finding of an acute ischemic infarction on non-contrast CT. Note absence of any significant mass effect
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004763,Non-contrast axial CT brain of an 82 years-old female with a history of a prior stroke shows an old infarction in the right middle cerebral artery territory (arrows). Note the dilatation of the ipsilateral ventricle (asterisks) due to loss of brain volume
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004764,CT scan of the patient.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004765,"Right lateral thoracic radiograph of a two-year-old male pug.The green lines illustrate the measurement of the vertebral heart score (VHS), revealing a VHS of 11.4v in this subject."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004766,Left upper lobe bronchiectasis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004767,Axial CT shows the common atrium with a large atrioseptal defect.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004768,Coronal CT shows right-sided polysplenia (white circle under right hemidiaphragm).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004769,"Computed tomography scan revealing thinning of the scalp and frontal bone in the left frontal area, a patchy hypodense area in the white matter around the frontal horn of the left ventricle, and speckled calcification in the peripheral midline of the left frontal lobe."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004770,Angiography showing the final result of the angioembolisation procedure.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004771,MRI brain.MRI demonstrating the mass lesion near the foramen of Monro with increased T1 signal intensity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004772,Magnetic resonance imaging showing abscess in the liver and spleen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004773,Dose distribution of representative patients who developed grade 2 pneumonitis. There is a tumor on hilum of right lung. A blue line showed 95% of prescribed dose (30Gy).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004774,Chest computed tomography image of same patient. Consolidation shadow appeared in irradiated field.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004775,"Patent SA node artery.Abbreviation: SA, sinoatrial."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004776,Portable abdominal x-ray demonstrating multiple dilated small bowel loops throughout the abdomen with the dilated cecum-ascending colon of more than 8 cm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004777,– Hyperattenuation in the vitreous chamber on the right side representing vitreous haemorrhaging
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004778,– (yellow arrow): Axial CT image shows midline open communication of the fourth ventricle with a large cystic posterior fossa. The cerebellar hemisphere is hypoplastic representing dandy walker malformation (purple arrow): The temporal horns of the lateral ventricle are also dilated
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004779, Fluoroscopic final image of an endoscopic ultrasound-guided double bypass with choledochobulbostomy and gastrojejunostomy. EUS: Endoscopic ultrasound; LAMS: Lumen apposing metal stent.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004780,"MRI brain with and without contrast, depicting unilateral dense calcification in the right basal ganglia, most likely corresponding to a deep venous anomaly (arrow).MRI: magnetic resonance imaging."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004781,MRI gradient echo demonstrating hypointensity within the right basal ganglia reflecting calcification.MRI: magnetic resonance imaging.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004782,MRI scan lower limb showed proximal muscle myositis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004783,Double suture-button construct.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004784,Postoperative CT scan showing leak of CE.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004785,"Percutaneous puncture was performed, and there was no connection between the cyst and urinary tract."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004786,Angiographic film showing un-opacified upper third. Yellow cross indicates the un-opacified region
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004787,"Example DO-IMRT dose distribution showing 95% (51.3 Gy isodose in cyan) coverage of PlanPTV5400 (red) compromised only in the region of PlanSMPCM (blue) in order to reduce dose whilst maintaining coverage elsewhere. Parotid outlines are displayed in green and brainstem outline in pink. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004788,Toraks ct of third hospitalization day.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004789,Postoperative chest X-ray showing the port.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004790,"MRI thoracic spine w/wo contrast showing an epidural hematoma extending along the posterior aspect of the thoracic spine from T2-T6, left greater than right and most prominently at the level of T3 where there is mild mass effect over the left posterior spinal cord (white arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004791,"Computed tomography scan interval development of sunken flap syndrome with 11 mm of a leftward midline shift, crowding of the perimesencephalic cisterns, and left lateral ventricular trapping (white arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004792,Echocardiography showing large left atrial myxoma (arrow) attached to the inter-atrial septum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004793,"A fluoroscopic guided intra-articular SIJ injection utilizing the inferior joint approach. The fluoroscope is placed in contralateral oblique positioning. Typically oblique positioning is between 5 and 15 degrees, until the anterior and posterior sacroiliac joint lines intersect at the most inferior aspect of the joint."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004794,Malignant growth of the hepatic flexure (yellow arrow) with extensive mesenteric and para-aortic lymphadenopathy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004795,Fluoroscopic image of a fluoroscopy-guided biopsy in a case of suspected bile duct cancer.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004796,Initial CXR showing right pneumothorax. Right lung is collapsed and left paracardiac opacities are also present from the underlying lung disease.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004797,Anterior disc height (ADH): ADH was measured as the distance between the most anterior point of the upper and lower endplates.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004798,Baseline panoramic radiograph showing a periapical lesion extending apically to the left central and lateral deciduous incisors; the permanent incisors and canine were present and displaced in the maxilla
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004799,Brain MRI showed right maxillary sinus mass extending to the nasal cavity and two small osteolytic skull lesions.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004800,"A 1.98F microcatheter coaxially introduced through a 5F MIK catheter, crossing through all aneurysms for distal angiography and granular embolization of the vascular bed."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004801,Arteriography after the embolization of vascular bed and aneurysms. Blood vessels are no longer visualized.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004802,CE-CT in the latter hospital.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004803,CT of the Abdomen/Pelvis with contrast showing splenomegaly with subtle wedge-shaped low density in the superior spleen (red arrows) concerning for a splenic infarction. Note small bilateral pleural effusions (black arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004804,Chest XR from initial presentation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004805,Final Chest X-Ray two days prior to expiration.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004806,"For a patient who is a 16-year-old boy, the axial plane reformatted computed tomography image shows that all three synchondrosis regions are closed."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004807,"For a patient who is an 8-year-old girl, the sagittal plane reformatted computed tomography image shows that all three (white arrow: Ischiopubic, black arrow ilioischial, white arrowhead: Iliopubic) synchondrosis regions are open."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004808,"Chest X-ray depicting mediastinal widening (double arrow) at the level of the aortic knob, along with obscuration of aortic contours (arrowheads) in a posttraumatic patient. Note the right paratracheal stripe widening (asterisk) and the depression of left mainstem bronchus (black arrow). The findings are highly indicative of aortic injury."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004809,"An intraluminal thrombus in the aorta. An intraluminal thrombus can be seen as a globular, filling defect within the aortic lumen (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004810,"Ductus diverticulum versus pseudoaneurysm. A traumatic pseudoaneurysm is seen as a focal contour bulge (solid arrow) forming sharp margins with the aorta. In contrast, the ductus diverticulum (dashed arrow) has a smooth focal bulge, broad neck, and gentle obtuse angles with the aortic wall."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004811,3D-ultrasonography static mode HyFoSy: the intramyometrial segment of the fallopian tubes.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004812,"2D HyFoSy, sepia mode: left fallopian tube, patent with straight regular pathway."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004813,"2D HyFoSy, sepia mode: right gel-opacified fallopian tube. Dynamic evaluation in which we can observe its regular caliber and sinusoid pathway."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004814,"2D HyFoSy, sepia mode: initial measurement of the endometrium before the instillation of the contrast substance."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004815,Contrast injection using a pigtail catheter and Watchman access sheath showing a multilobed left atrial appendage (LAA). 
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004816,Intracardiac echocardiogram image of a deployed Watchman FLX device (27 mm). 
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004817,Axial view of non-contrast computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis demonstrating adrenal mass (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004818,Axial image of contrast enhanced CT shows cluster of small bowel (red arrow) which encapsulated by peritoneum (blue arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004819,Transverse computed tomography shows hydatid cyst in the distal part of the interventricular septum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004820,CT scan: density alteration of the right scapula and infiltrative involvement of subscapularis muscle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004821,"Needle or RF probe approach to the GTsn.IG: inferior gemellus; QF: quadratus femoris; RF: radiofrequency; GTsn: greater trochanteric sensory nerve^: inferior gemellus, GTsn, ←: lesser trochanter, needle/probe"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004822,"The lesser trochanter is caudal to the GTsn. The lesser trochanter may obstruct the path of the caudal-to-cephalad approach of the needle or RF probe.GTsn: greater trochanteric sensory nerve; RF: radiofrequency; QF: quadratus femoris^: inferior gemellus (IG), GTsn; ←: lesser trochanter (lt), needle/probe"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004823,"Ramifications of the superior mesenteric artery (arrow) include the inferior pancreaticoduodenal (1), middle colic (2), jejunal (3), ileal (4), right colic (5), and ileocolic arteries (6)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004824,Incomplete CMT: hepato-mesenteric variant showing a replaced right hepatic artery (C) arising from the superior mesenteric artery (B) instead of the celiac trunk (A).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004825,SBRT plans for brain metastasis patient. The patient was a 59-year-old female with adenocarcinoma stage II NSCLC with brain metastases in the right occipital lobe.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004826,"A patient who dismantled his PEG with loss of the clamp, external bumper and feeding connector. The PEG migrated into the gut and could be removed rectally after 7 days. PEG, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004827,"Sagittal view of the bladder on point-of-care ultrasound showing posterior, fluid-filled loculations (solid arrow) and wall thickening (dashed arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004828,Ultrasound image of the carpal tunnel in the axial plane during Step 4 of the hydrodissection. Legend: circle in dotted line: median nerve; arrow: injection needle
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004829,Ultrasound image of the carpal tunnel in the axial plane during Step 5 of the hydrodissection. Legend: circle in dotted line: median nerve; arrow: injection needle
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004830,Ultrasound image of the carpal tunnel in the axial plane during Step 7 of the hydrodissection. The median nerve is fully dissected from the flexor retinaculum. The anechoic fluid (on this image a layer of approximately 4 mm) between the retinaculum and the median nerve is the injected solution. Legend: circle in dotted line: median nerve; void arrows: flexor retinaculum or transverse carpal ligament
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004831,"Grayscale lung ultrasound examination (transverse scan between intercostal fields; linear probe with 12 MHz frequency) of a 7-year-old boy with bacterial lobar pneumonia, shows hepatized subpleural consolidation with fluid bronchograms (arrows) and fibrinous inflammatory reactive pleural effusion (asterisk)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004832,"Grayscale lung ultrasound examination (transverse scan between intercostal fields; linear probe with 12 MHz frequency) of a 5-year-old boy with bacterial pneumonia lobar, shows subpleural consolidation of an inflammatory/infectious nature with numerous elements of surface dynamic arborized bronchograms (arrows) – (Electronic Supplementary Video 3) and deep fluid bronchogram."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004833,Transverse view of the pelvic ultrasound showing the heterogeneously echogenic region (red arrows) within the right adnexa without internal vascular flow.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004834,Axial view of the CT abdomen/pelvis showing distended loops of the bowel with compression of the bowel within the sigmoid colon (red arrow).CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004835,"Transesophageal echocardiogram showing the vegetation adherent to the posterior leaflet of tricuspid valve. This exam was unremarkable for fibrin-sheath, masses or vegetations adherent to the electrocatheter."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004836,Coronal CT image of right shoulder.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004837,MRI T2-FLAIR sequence demonstrating hyperintense signal involving AP extending to the right side of the medulla and corticomedullary junction has significantly increased. FLAIR: fluid-attenuated inversion recovery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004838,"The same nodule in the right lobe of the thyroid, showing increased vascular flow on colour Doppler sonography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004839," Plain radiograph of both hands and wrists. Most of the interphalangeal joints, metacarpal joints, and wrist joints in both hands are narrowed and exhibit bone hyperplasia. Decreased bone density, multiple joint deformities, multiple areas of testicular and insect erosion bone absorption, and soft tissue spindle swelling are also visible."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004840,"Ultrasonography of the region reveals a hypoechoic solid mass with lobulated margins and dimensions of 32 mm×26 mm×20 mm, accompanied by destruction of the mandibular cortex."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004841,"Catheter-related systemic vein stenosis in a 3-month-old boy who underwent patch closure of ventricular septal defect and direct closure of patent foramen ovale.Coronal CT image reveals a focal stenosis (long arrow) at the junction between the superior vena cava and the RA. A contrast jet though the stenosis is seen in the RA. Undiluted contrast agent is opacified in the left pericardiacophrenic vein (short arrows), as a collateral vein, from the left brachiocephalic vein. A = ascending aorta, LV = left ventricle, RA = right atrium"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004842,"Axial CT view in venous phase, revealing a dominant cystic mass (12 HU, yellow dot) located on the right ovary, with papillary projections, a solid component (80 HU, orange dot), calcification (791 HU, purple dot), and a fat component (-78 HU, blue dot). The mass is multilobulated, with a smooth margin measuring approximately 10.0 × 15.6 × 22.6 cm. Ascites can also be observed in the abdominal and pelvic cavity (asterisk) (Color version of the figure is available online.)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004843, CECT abdomen showing Grade 4 pancreatic injury with lesser sac collection. CECT - contrast-enhanced computed tomography; upper black arrow - lesser sac collection; lower black arrow - Grade 4 pancreatic injury
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004844,MRCP showing MPD disruption at two places with lesser sac collection. MRCP - magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography; MPD - main pancreatic duct
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004845,"Measurement for full‐length weight bearing radiograph. HKA is determined by measuring the angle between a line connecting point 1 (center of the femoral head) and point 2 (center of the knee), and a line connecting point 2 to point 3 (center of medial malleolus and lateral malleolus, center of point 4 and point 5); LDFA is the lateral angle between the MA and the joint line of the femur; MPTA is the medial angle between the MA and the joint line of the tibia"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004846,Cerebral MRI of patient 5 at 19 months of age. Axial T2‐FLAIR image showing nonspecific T2‐hyperintense patches in the occipital regions
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004847,Puncturing the targeted duct of segment III with a needle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004848,Dilating the hepaticogastrostomy tract using a hurricane balloon.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004849,CT image of the Viabil stent across the hepaticogastrostomy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004850,"Ultrasonography of the left scrotum. No varicocele, hernia, or testicular torsion was observed. Left epididymis was swollen (red circle)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004851, Preoperative pelvic magnetic resonance image showing a large tumor mass occupying the majority of the pelvic cavity with no evidence of rectal metastasis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004852,Coronary angiography demonstrating occlusion of the left subclavian artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004853,CT abdomen demonstrating a fluid collection in the lesser sac representing hemorrhage
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004854,Innumerable small punctate foci of intraparenchymal contrast enhancement in a traumatic spleen on coronal CT
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004855,Innumerable small punctate foci of intraparenchymal contrast enhancement in a traumatic spleen on angiogram
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004856,"An 11-year-old girl was admitted with abdominal pain in the last two days. On physical examination, she had abdominal tenderness. On US, there was a suspicious appearance of intussusception. Contrast-enhanced coronal reformatted CT image shows increased wall thickening at the transverse colon seen as intussusception (arrows) and increased mesenteric density. Segmental colon resection was performed, and the histopathological diagnosis was colon adenocarcinoma"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004857,"Contrast-enhanced CT images of AIP with diffuse pancreatic enlargement. DCE-CT (pancreatic phase) shows diffuse pancreatic enlargement, straightened pancreatic margin, and capsule-like rim"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004858,CT image revealed that the intestinal wall of some small intestine in the lower abdomen was significantly thickened and multiple lymph nodes were found in the retroperitoneal space (arrowhead).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004859,"18F-FDG PET/CT image revealed that the intestinal wall of some small intestine in the lower abdomen was significantly thickened segmentally, multiple lymph nodes were found in the retroperitoneal space, some of them were fused into clusters, and the glucose metabolism was abnormally increased (arrowhead)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004860,18F-FDG PET/CT image revealed a nodule (1.8 cm × 0.8 cm) in the lingula segment of the left upper lobe (arrowhead).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004861,Intra-oral radiograph schematic with reference lines for bone height measurement in post-extraction socket using Vet Exam program.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004862,Chest X-ray at the time of admission
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004863,"Crossover technique. 6F-45 cm sheath, UF catheter and hydrophilic guidewire are associated to realize the crossover."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004864,Ultrasound image of an insulinoma in the rat.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004865,Follow-up chest radiograph after two weeks showing complete resolution of radiological abnormalities (normalized).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004866,Elevated left hemidiaphragm following surgery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004867,Radiography of the chest
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004868,"CT, thin slice, bone reconstruction algorithm and window, axial image. Foramen spinosum (small arrow), foramen ovale (large arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004869,"ERCP fluoroscopy image demonstrating opacification of two separate lumens, consistent with gallbladder duplication"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004870,"Computed tomography (CT) abdomen and pelvis with contrast. The blue arrow indicates a septated hypodense mass in the right liver lobe, most likely representative of an abscess."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004871,CT angiography at the level of common iliac arteries. Computed tomography angiography image demonstrating complete opacification of the common iliac arteries bilaterally (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004872,Collar sign.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004873,"Panoramic X‐ray photograph at the first visit. Panoramic radiographs showed the apices of 11, 45, and 46 (Fédération Dentaire Internationale) with round radiolucent images suggesting apical lesions (Arrows to the lesions)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004874,100% obstruction of the first obtuse marginal artery (OM1) by a thrombus
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004875,Thrombus causing 80% obstruction of right posterior descending artery (black circle) and another thrombus causing 80% obstruction in right posterolateral artery (white circle)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004876,Bilateral chest X-ray with alveolo-interstitial opacities.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004877,Echocardiography showing tetralogy of Fallot with ventricular septal defect (arrow A) and overriding of the aorta (arrow B).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004878,Right coronary artery angiogram revealing total occlusion of the right coronary artery at the second segment (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004879,The bone thickness of the right mandible (1) and the bone thickness on the lingual side of the mandibular third molar (2) in the apical region in a coronal slice.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004880,Pre-operative weight-bearing full-length lower limb X-ray showing major limb length discrepancy (17 cm).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004881,Chest radiograph performed 2 h post procedure.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004882,Fluoroscopy after covered stent 1 implantation—residual filling of the fistula is present from entry point proximal to the stent.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004883,Final fluoroscopy showed patent’s internal carotid artery and completely isolated fistula. Left oblique projection.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004884,Final fluoroscopy showed patent’s internal carotid artery and completely isolated fistula. Left cranial projection.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004885,T2 coronal cut showing cortical thickening along the right collateral sulcus and subependymal grey matter heterotopia
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004886,MRI of the orbits with contrast showing subtle uniform enhancement of the left and right optic nerves immediately behind the globes (arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004887,"A 14-year-old girl suffered bilateral condylar fractures with an additional symphysis fracture of the mandible and multiple dental injuries due to fainting and ground-level fall. A dental panoramic radiograph image shows a sagittal corpus fracture (wide arrow) and bilateral condyle fractures (small arrows) of the mandible, which were more detectable with additional imaging. Fractures were treated by intermaxillary fixation and a soft diet. A fragmentary crown-root fracture was observed in the lower left first molar that was removed under general anaesthesia at primary fracture treatment. Additionally, crown fractures were observed in the upper right second premolar and lower right first molar. The lower left premolars did not respond to vitalometer after injury, which was partially explained by the fracture-related neurosensory disturbance in mandibular inferior nerve. Further dental follow-up revealed periapical signs of devitalization and the patient received root treatment to the lower second premolar 14 months after injury. Tooth loss was replaced with an implant at the end of the patient’s growth"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004888,"Patient c2; first MRI of the pelvis, 1 day prior to first histology of malignancy: Large, ulcerated, space occupying lesion median/paramedian on both sides gluteally from sacral vertebrae 3 to the pelvic floor, approximately 14 cm × 12 cm × 6 cm in size. Irregular configuration at the margins. Extension of the lesion cutaneously, subcutaneously and muscularly into the adjacent parts of the gluteus maximus, minimus and medius muscles as well as the piriformis muscle and the levator ani muscle. Further extension to the sacrum and the coccyx, which appears destructed. Perifocal edema. Lymph node with contrast medium enrichment at left gluteus. Pathologically enlarged iliac and inguinal lymph nodes bilaterally"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004889,"Patient c4; first CT of the pelvis, 1 day prior to first histology of malignancy: Suspicion of a large, abscess forming inflammatory lesion pararectally with air entrapments and therefore suspicious of a connection to the rectum. No evidence of fistula. Diffuse inflammatory swelling of the gluteal muscles and the subcutaneous tissue at right gluteus. Pathologically enlarged lymph nodes in the ischiorectal fossa and presacral"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004890,Early arterial phase post gadolinium showing hyperemia
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004891,Axial T2 weighted imaging show thin trace of pericardial fluid
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004892,Tomographic angiography image of the enlarged renal pseudoaneurysm and the retained bullet core.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004893,"Coronal contrast-enhanced CT with intravenous and oral contrast demonstrates horseshoe kidney with nephrolithiasis bilaterally (white arrow). Of note, the iliac vein confluence is at the pelvic inlet, which is at the level of the S1 vertebral body (red arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004894,Bubble study echocardiogram showing a PFO.PFO: patent foramen ovale
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004895,MRI image of kaposiform hemangioendothelioma involving the submental region with subcutaneous and soft tissue involvement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004896," Computed tomography of the lung metastasis. Computed tomography three months after surgery showing multiple solid nodules in both lung fields, indicating metastasis, and a larger number of and larger nodules in the left lower lobe. The largest lesion was 25 mm."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004897,"MRI coronal section revealed irregularity of planum sphenoidale with an inferior extension of the lesion in sphenoid sinus with dural enhancement along planum sphenoidale. This image shows the lesion causing compression and posterior displacement of the anterior pituitary gland with maintained fat planes.The red arrow shows meningioma, and the yellow arrow shows the dural tail."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004898,Axial contrast-enhanced CT images (CTA neck) (expiratory) demonstrate severe stenosis of the left brachiocephalic vein (purple arrow) with compression of the vein between the manubrium and the origin of the left common carotid artery. Anteroposterior (AP) diameter of 5.2 cm in the expiratory phase.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004899,"Tumor progression under radiotherapy. Tumor mass in the ventral upper thorax infiltrating the larynx, esophagus and the left common carotid artery"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004900,"Defining landmarks by Ledgerton’s method. Panoramic mandibular index (PMI) and mental index (MI), S=the distance from the superior border of mental foramen to mandibular border, I=the distance from the inferior border to mandibular border, C=cortical bone thickness, that is MI."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004901, Esophageal imaging with meglumine diatrizoate demonstrates no leakage.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004902,"Microvascular flow imaging in a transverse view of a normal fetal brain at 20 weeks’ gestation showing the ophthalmic artery (OA). E, eye."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004903,"Color Doppler in a transverse plane of a normal fetus at 20 weeks’ gestation showing two umbilical arteries (UA) surrounding the urinary bladder (B). UC, umbilical cord."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004904,Microvascular flow imaging in a transverse plane of a fetus at 11 weeks’ gestation showing two umbilical arteries (UA).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004905,Apical four chamber view demonstrating partially avulsed papillary muscle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004906,Chest radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004907,CECT of the abdomen revealing para-aortic and mesenteric adenopathy
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004908,"Aortic valve vegetation as seen on right parasternal long axis echocardiography (LA: left atrium, LV: left ventricle, RV: left ventricle)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004909,luxatio erecta or inferior glenohumeral joint dislocation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004910,"Magnetic resonance image with gadolinium, T2 axial view. Bone marrow edema and abnormal enhancement at the T3–T4 level with large epidural abscess and severe spinal cord compression. There is preservation of the anterior meningovertebral ligament; a finding suggestive of tuberculosis spondylodiscitis.5"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004911,X-ray of the cholangiography during the second operation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004912,"Admission CT abdomen and pelvis demonstrating misplaced PEG tube and pneumoperitoneum.PEG, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004913,"Day five postoperative CXR with resolved pneumoperitoneum.CXR, chest X-ray"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004914,"Follow-up CT. CT neck with IV contrast on 2/24: redemonstrated retropharyngeal phlegmon. A rim-enhancing fluid collection is not demonstrated. As before, this extends from approximately the C1 to the C4 level. It appears mildly diminished in AP diameter compared to prior."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004915,CT thorax‐abdomen‐pelvis with a large mass. The large heterogeneous mass measured 18.3 × 15.7 cm and is indicated by a red arrow. The mass was above the right hemidiaphragm displacing his liver and compressing his vena cava
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004916,"A 48-year-old male who presented with a seizure found to have an unruptured left posterior temporal lobe SM grade II AVM with arterial supply from the left middle cerebral artery (MCA), PCA, and left middle meningeal artery (MMA) (A,B). Given the location of the lesion, a WADA test was performed, which demonstrated left brain language dominance. The patient was a professional musician, therefore he wanted to minimize the risk of peri-procedural deficits. As a result of the eloquent location of the lesion, the patient underwent a dose-staged SRS plan over three treatment sessions at 0, 4, and 10 months (C). Dose-staged SRS was felt by the treating physician to minimize risk of deficit. Follow-up imaging demonstrated complete resolution of the AVM two and a half years after initiation of SRS (D,E). This case illustrates the importance of personalized patient consideration and preference."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004917,Computed tomography at the onset of pneumothorax showing cystic lesions in the fissure between the right middle and lower lobes (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004918,(A) Intraosseous access on the left humerus and (B) The sight of intraosseous pine entering to humerus on bone x-ray.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004919,"Chest X-rays show an enlarged cardiothoracic ratio, a lack of cardiac silhouette and pleural effusion."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004920,"Axial CT of the pulmonary trunk in mediastinal window. Central bronchi on the left side are outlined by calcifications of bronchial walls cartilage and are filled with mucous (white arrow). The left superior pulmonary vein is not opacified (star). The pulmonary trunk diameter is 38.9 mm (normal being ≤27 mm in females), likely because of PA hypertension."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004921,"Axial CT of the right lower lobe bronchus that is filled with mucus (arrow), also showing unusual lack of opacification of the left atrium, where only the right superior pulmonary vein is opacified (black star). The left inferior pulmonary vein is not opacified (white star)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004922,X-ray of the infected left knee with total arthroplasty prior to explantation (lateral)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004923,X-ray of the infected left knee post-surgical antibiotic knee spacer (anteroposterior)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004924,X-ray of the left knee post-antibiotic spacer removal and reimplantation of permanent total knee replacement following the resolution of Abiotrophia infection (lateral)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004925,Patient 2—fractured first premolar.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004926,Carpal tunnel hematoma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004927,Longitudinal view of forearm showing the flexor compartment hematoma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004928,Short-axis section of great artery; sonographic image of thrombus at pulmonary artery bifurcation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004929,CT enterography demonstrating persistent dilation of the stomach and proximal duodenum six years post-operatively. Arrows indicate dilated loops of the proximal duodenum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004930,"Short axis view of the left anterior descending artery. The arrow shows the LAD in short axis, and calcifications are noted for both their bright echogenicity and ultrasonic dropout artifact. LAD - left anterior descending"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004931,"Chest radiograph from day of medical hospital admission showing bilateral widespread air-space opacification—more pronounced on the right, with blunting of the left costophrenic recess."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004932,Chest radiograph following discontinuation of sertraline and commencement of oral dexamethasone. Marked reduction in bilateral pulmonary infiltrates compared with admission radiograph visible.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004933,Exhibition of CDA
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004934,Chest X-ray demonstrating no acute intra-thoracic process.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004935,A color Doppler image of a diabetic patient without retinopathy shows a resistive index of 0.70 in central retinal artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004936,MRI brain at dignosis: T1 with contrast shows right superior rectal muscle thickening about 14 mm associated with slight proptosis of the right eye.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004937,"T2 sequence revealing hyperintensity in the walls of both lateral ventricles, as well as subtle communicant hydrocephalus (please see the arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004938,"Physiological gastric uptake of FDG. Anterior FDG PET MIP image shows diffuse metabolic activity throughout the stomach (black arrowhead), This is nonspecific and may be related to gastritis or physiological or unknown factors. Tumor cannot be excluded. If this is an incidental finding, endoscopy is recommended if the patient has gastric symptoms."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004939,Metformin effect. Anterior MIP FDG PET image of the abdomen. Oral hypoglycemics such as metformin act in part by excreting glucose into the gut (black arrow). This can result in diffuse gut activity (primarily colonic) which can obscure small colorectal sites of tumor involvement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004940,"Also having a demonstrable extension of diameter 5 mm, through the deep inguinal ring."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004941,A CT pulmonary angiogram showing the pulmonary embolism at the time of readmission.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004942,There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion on a follow- up chest X-ray after discharge.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004943,Coronal view on MRI flair with the yellow arrow showing posterior right frontal lobe mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004944,"Bedside transthoracic echocardiography demonstrating dilated RV suggestive of right ventricular strain. LV, left ventricle; RV, right ventricle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004945, Preoperative computed tomography scan view of the sternum tumor.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004946,Intra-operative radiograph showing AP view of applied PHILOS plate AP view: Anteroposterior view; PHILOS: Proximal Humeral Interlocking System
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004947,The frame shows the plane of minimal levator hiatal. Anatomical landmarks.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004948,"The so-called “pigeon pattern” of neuroendocrine carcinoma. Axial fat-suppressed T1-CE image with the schematic silhouette of a pigeon projected over the mass. Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with its growth can produce a symmetrical pattern, with a progressive and symmetrical invasion towards the head (anteriorly), the tail (posteriorly), and the wings (laterally) of the “pigeon”"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004949,"Ultrasound scan of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder showed thickening and irregularity of the bladder wall."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004950,Coronal slice of CT chest indicating the bilateral pulmonary lesions/infiltrates (white arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004951,"A plain computed tomography scan on day 1. The 3 cm × 3.1 cm × 3 cm sized left maxillary sinus of the patient was completely filled with mass, and a partially high-density area was confirmed inside."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004952,Non‐contrast‐enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen (coronal section) showing a bladder catheter embedded in the bladder wall (arrow) and showing air in the ureter (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004953,"This radiograph shows an example of Group A with a difference in migration percentage (MP) of > 50%. Here, the right hip is full located into the acetabulum and the left hip has an MP of 75% for a difference in MP of 75%. Also shown are the asymmetrical hips with associated windblown deformity."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004954,This radiograph shows an example of Group C (less than 20% difference in migration percentage (MP)) with bilateral subluxated hips with an MP in the right hip of 43% MP and 47% in the left hip with only a small difference in MP of 4% between hips.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004955,"Non-contrast abdominal CT (coronal plane) showing edematous thickening of the wall extending the left side of the transverse colon to the sigmoid colon, enlarged lymph nodes, and increased density in the fatty tissue of the surrounding mesentery (arrows)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004956,FLAIR MRI sequence of the brain.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004957,T2-WI MRI sequence of the brain in horizontal plane.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004958,X-ray of the right knee (lateral view) showing bony exostosis in the right femur (black arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004959,Initial chest x-ray showing interstitial and airspace opacities in the bilateral lower lung fields (red arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004960,"Plain abdominal x-ray showing hugely dilated bowel loops (more likely colon) and air-fluid levels with no gas distally at the rectum.Arrow: dilated left-sided bowel loops, R: right."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004961,"Cardiac catheterization, with an anteroposterior view demonstrating severe stenosis of the (1) left subclavian artery and (2) patent left internal mammary artery graft."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004962,"Computed tomography demonstrates the dissection, involving the ascending aorta and extending toward the left coronary sinus."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004963,Magnetic resonance imaging showing a lesion at the expense of the bladder wall.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004964,Chest X-Ray demonstrating bibasilar patchy airspace opacities predominantly involving the right lower lobe.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004965,CT imaging demonstrating polymer localization in the tumor bed for precision radiotherapy localization.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004966,A chest computed tomography (CT) features of the lung masses. A chest CT (April 2017) showed pneumothorax in the left lung and multiple masses in both lungs. The amount of pneumothorax was small (solid arrows) because CT was performed after the chest tube (dotted arrows) was inserted and stabilized.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004967,"Oculocerebral CT scan with parenchymal window: bilateral intraorbital formation that is spontaneously hyperdense, consisting of both intra‐ and extraconal compartments, and of hematic density"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004968,Oculocerebral CT scan with bone window: total disappearance of exophthalmos
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004969,"Abdominal CT revealed multiple bilateral hepatic mass lesions with the largest size being (41*32 mm) at segment 7, and 28*2 (3)7 mm at segment 3"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004970,"Location of the region of interest (ROI) in the vastus medialis muscle in a sagittal T1-weighted magnetic resonance image (3 T). The ROI was set 8 cm above the joint space, in the middle of the vastus medialis muscle"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004971,"Neck ultrasound showing a 4 x 6 mm (0.49 x 0.64 cm) thyroid cystic mass, compatible with shrinkage of the previously treated thyroid nodule"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004972,Transvaginal ultrasound. Transverse views of the uterus demonstrate uterus didelphys with both the right uterus (interrupted arrow) with gestation sac present and adjacent left uterus (solid arrow) with absence of gestation sac.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004973,Preoperative T1 axial imaging of the chest without contrast. Full thickness tear of the sternal head of the left pectoral major is again identified by the green arrow
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004974,Follow-up MRI visit at 4 months. A third MRI showed the disappearance of the femoral head defects and demonstrated the disappearance of the diffuse drop in T1 signal intensity of the acetabular roof. No signs of fracture or long-term bone complication were observed.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004975,MRE showing diffuse ileus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004976,Admission chest radiography showing enlarged cardiac silhouette and congested lung fields
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004977,Plain Radiograph of the Pelvis with Bilateral Hip Depicting Bony Landmarks
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004978,"Brain magnetic resonance imaging—case 3. The image shows very small anterior pituitary, ectopic posterior pituitary, absent pituitary stalk, small optic nerves and chiasm. EPP, ectopic posterior pituitary; ONH, optic nerve hypoplasia; PSA, pituitary stalk absence; SAP, small anterior pituitary."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004979,An angiogram showing that blood flow is restored after successful treatment with angioplasty and two drug-eluting stents of the left anterior descending coronary artery (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004980,Evaluation of CBCT images from sagittal view. Maximum root length was measured from the apical point and the CEJ. Half of the measured length was determined as the midroot. Buccal bone thickness was measured at two points (crestal and midpoint).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004981,"Parenchymal hemorrhage. 43-year-old man with COVID-19 transferred to ICU, developed acute myocardial infarction, and received thrombolytic therapy. He suddenly deteriorated and was found with bilaterally fixed and dilated pupils. Axial non-contrast CT of the brain revealed acute subdural hemorrhage, large occipito-parietal intraparenchymal hematoma with blood-fluid level (arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004982,Parasternal short axis. Origins of the coronary arteries with dilation of the anterior descendent artery (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004983,"Coronary angiography. Multiple coronary aneurysms on the anterior descending artery (stop flow, thrombosis process in progress: red arrow) and on the circumflex artery (white arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004984,Chest X-ray: patchy bilateral infiltrates.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004985,CT abdomen pelvis coronal view: large right-sided retroperitoneal hematoma extending along the psoas musculature and the lateral abdominal wall.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004986,The chest radiography (anteroposterior view) shows bilateral pulmonary opacities (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004987,brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows brain metastasis (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004988,Follow-up computed tomography on Day 11. Thrombus in left iliac vein had disappeared (red dotted line).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004989,T2 Weighted STIR image shows high signal intensity mass at lateral part of RA wall (white arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004990,"Transverse ultrasound view of the carpal tunnel, with ulnar on the left, at the level of the hook of hamate (HH). The device is positioned in the transverse safe zone (TSZ) between the median nerve (MN) radially and the hook of the hamate ulnarly. The balloons, filled with sterile saline, have been deployed to create space in the TSZ. In this view, the blade is seen in cross-section (double asterisk), appearing as a bright dot above the transverse carpal ligamen. UA = ulnar artery, ThM = thenar muscles, FT = flexor tendons"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004991,"New hypoattenuation, enlargement, and stranding of the right adrenal gland showing acute-to-subacute hemorrhage"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004992,Placement of Metapex in the canal
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004993,CT abdomen pelvis on admission.Axial slice of CT abdomen pelvis on admission demonstrating air fluid level within gallbladder.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004994,CT abdomen pelvis on admission.Coronal slice of CT abdomen pelvis with visible ectopic gallstone and cholechoduodenal fistula.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004995,Mid-modiolar section of the post-implantation UHRCT of participant #12 indicating scala tympani placement of the electrode array
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004996,Postoperative radiograph after one year.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004997,"Pelvic MRISagittal section of MRI pelvis showing enlarged uterus with multiple small cysts within the myometrium (white arrows). The endometrial cavity is highlighted by the blue arrow, which shows thickened endometrium."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004998,CT scan shows a lytic lesion with a tooth.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_004999,Ultrasound image of hip arthroplasty with color Doppler for identification of the circumflex artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005000,Post-operative MRI control shows complete excision of the mass (C coronal T2WI) re-expansion of the temporal lobe.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005001,Abdominal CT scan axial image shows a maximum dilatation of 9.5 cm at the transverse colon and sigmoid (yellow arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005002,"A CT scan showing the bases of the lateral four metatarsals and their respective coalitions with the cuboid, lateral, and intermediate cuneiforms."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005003,Chest X-ray. Chest X-ray with diffuse alveolo-interstitial syndrome (arrow head) in our patients implanted with a total artificial heart (star).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005004, Upper gastrointestinal investigation after laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy. Gastrografin passed from the duodenum into the jejunum through the anastomosis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005005,Mid-oesophageal two-chamber view showing the result of the procedure with residual mild mitral regurgitation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005006,CT scan of the chest with IV contrast
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005007,Posttreatment CT showing no residual pancreatic tumor
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005008,The patient’s cardiac computed tomography angiogram (cCTA) demonstrates the slit-like ostial right coronary artery compression or vasospasm between the green arrows.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005009,"Echocardiography demonstrating the left ventricle with a hypokinetic apex with ballooning as denoted by the top arrow. Basal segments contract toward each other, as denoted by the bottom arrow. These forms the typical “octopus-pot” appearance."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005010,"Axial CT imaging demonstrates a solid nonhomogeneous tumour that completely fills the right maxillary sinus, destroying the medial and dorsolateral wall of the sinus and the base of the right orbit. The CT images are published with the permission of the Radiology Department, The Hospital of České Budějovice, Czech Republic."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005011,Follow-up MR imaging demonstrates a postresection cavity without tumour residue or recurrence in the right maxilla (5 years after surgical treatment). Coronal imaging in T1 weighting after contrast agent administration.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005012,"CT Chest Showing Small, Localized Ground-Glass Opacities in the Lung Peripheries"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005013,CT Chest Showing Heavy Opaque Consolidation and Marked Septal Thickening
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005014,Transesophageal echocardiogram after mitral annuloplasty. There was no residual mitral regurgitation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005015,Anterior–posterior erect abdominal radiograph showing a large balloon seen in the middle of the abdomen with air/fluid level. No features of intestinal obstruction or perforation. No abnormal abdominal calcifications are noted.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005016,Example of a symptomatic case (n=3 previous ICH) with multiple cerebellar hemorrhages.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005017,Follow-up ERCP after almost 6 months showing an intact principal pancreatic duct.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005018,Brain computed tomography. Longitudinal section: left subdural hematoma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005019,"CT PE. Bilateral PE.PE, pulmonary embolism."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005020,Coronal FDG PET-CT: PET-CT using F-FDG was performed in the context of a possible infection which revealed intense activity at the junction of L5-S1 and the surrounding tissue.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005021,"Sagittal contrast MRI in T1 weighting: A medullar bone oedema is seen on either side of the L5-S1 disk. Small collections surround L5-S1 with the largest being 20mm in diameter located on the left psoas muscle with a wall that was intensified by the contrast. This abscess extends posteriorly to the anterior peridural space, the lumbar vertebral bodies, and the last thoracic vertebra."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005022,"Sagittal contrast CT: Contrast CT-scan showing spondylodiscitis of L5-S1, with infiltration into the soft tissue surrounding S1. Additionally, a 9.7cm fistula can be seen, starting at the intervertebral disk of L5-S1 (yellow arrow) to the vagina."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005023,Orthopantomography showing foreign body in the left external auditory canal.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005024,Previous orthopantomography showing no object in the left auditory canal.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005025,A plain film radiograph of the chest revealing cardiomegaly with a left lower lobe opacity versus mass outlined by arrows.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005026,A computed tomography angiogram revealing the large pericardial cyst in an axial cut outlined by the arrows.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005027,"Computed tomography scan at the level of C5 showing cervical transversospinales with fractures. Bone wax was embedded within the transverse foramen via the fractured portion. However, some of the bone wax leaked from the transversospinales; therefore, gauze compression was essential. Gauze (white arrowhead) and bone wax (black arrowhead)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005028,bilateral and symmetrical flair hyperintensity on the dorsomedial thalami
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005029,Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance image after 21 days of skipped laminotomy. The abscess of the thoracic spine has almost disappeared and the volume of the epidural abscess in the lumbar spine has markedly decreased.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005030,preoperative orthopantomography showing an oval radiolucent lesion in mandible
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005031,Characteristic curvilinear configuration of the proximal tibia seen with PTMF.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005032,"B-mode ultrasonographic image in the transverse plane of the right jugular vein in a donkey at the middle of the neck shows the depth (D), superficial wall thickness (SWT), longitudinal diameter (LD), and deep wall thickness (DWT)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005033,B-mode ultrasonographic image in the longitudinal plane of the right jugular vein in a donkey at the middle third of the neck shows a vein valve (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005034,Huge TTW nodule extending into a prominent posterior horn (arrowheads). Note the thyroid parenchyma extending along the cranial portion of the nodule (arrowheads) but not along the caudal portion (arrow) arguing for a pre-existing posterior horn. A pre-existing posterior horn may have channeled the way for nodule growth causing its taller than wide shape. The nodule was benign at cytology.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005035,"Lateral X ray of the skull in participant 6. The electrode tip are at center, the connecting pins to the right of center, with amplifiers and finally the power induction coils (that appear to be floating). Three pairs of the eight pairs of electrodes wires are attached to three sets of connecting pins that are attached to three electronic amplifiers and FM transmitters."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005036,A case of empyema. The dislocated gastric conduit (arrow) with pleural fluid collection and pulmonary atelectasis is seen in the right pleural cavity
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005037,"An example image of point shear wave elastography assessment in the right liver lobe in a 36-year-old woman with pulmonary arterial hypertension.The region of interest was placed at a depth of 4.2 cm from the skin surface, and a shear wave velocity of 2.93 m/s was obtained."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005038,Magnetic resonance imaging showing an enlarged prostate with increasing signal of the parenchyma on T2-weighted imaging.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005039,"A chest CT scan, an axial view of lung window, showing cystic changes strongly consistent with bronchiectasis in lower lobes. (A = Anterior, P = Posterior, R = Right, L = Left)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005040,"An upper gastrointestinal study, consistent with severe reflux."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005041,Axial chest CT image without contrast administration showed areas of ground-glass opacities and bilateral consolidations with the predominantly peripheral location.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005042, Axial computed tomography of a 60-year-old man showing a large abscess in segment IV of the liver near the porta hepatis. Note the duct dilation (arrows) that resulted from rupture of the abscess into the central bile ducts. He was managed with catheter drainage. Bilious fluid draining through the catheter was observed for several weeks in this patient.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005043,Persistent lack of contrast filling of the left upper lobe artery as well as presenting of the central re-thrombosis (red arrow) after surgery (PEA).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005044,Angiography of the right pulmonary artery with webs of the apico-posterior artery of the upper lobe as well as peripheral.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005045,CT-guided 16-gauge core biopsy of right upper lobe lung mass soft tissue component was obtained
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005046,A post-operative standing mechanical axis radiograph demonstrating varus malunion of the anterior closing wedge osteotomy
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005047,A post-operative standing mechanical axis radiograph after revision osteotomy and ACL reconstruction demonstrating neutral alignment
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005048,An AP radiograph showing the healed osteotomy
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005049,A pre-operative standing mechanical axis radiograph demonstrating slight native varus alignment
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005050,A 6-week post-operative radiograph demonstrating varus collapse of the osteotomy
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005051,"Predominantly central patchy and confluent ground-glass and interstitial opacities (arrows). This pattern is nonspecific but, given the patient's history, is favored to represent alveolar hemorrhage secondary to vasculitis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005052,Scannographic presentation of the right submandibular mass showing high enhancement after injection of the contrast product.Contrasted areas (blue arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005053,"Myometrial thickness (red line) in early pregnancy was 7 mm in case no. 5 from group B, which had a normal placenta during late pregnancy"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005054,CT pulmonary angiography showing pulmonary infarction. CT-Computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005055,Ultrasound scan of left testicle revealing 2 cm extra-testicular lesion with multiple fluid-filled loculations
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005056,CT showing enlarged heterogeneous right parotid gland. CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005057,MRI showing infiltration of the overlying subcutaneous tissue - image 2MRI: magnetic resonance imaging
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005058,CT scan image of the abdomen without contrast showing resolution of the pancreatic mass after allopurinol therapy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005059,"Patient, 11 y.o.: Panoramic reconstruction from CBCT examination. Rarefication of cancellous bone in the apical region of tooth 35 with apical resorption and the appearance of “floating in the air”."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005060,"Head CT findings compatible with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage involving portions of the suprasellar, interpeduncular, and prepontine cisterns."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005061,CT of the abdomen and pelvis revealed abnormal thickening of the sigmoid colon (yellow arrow).Initial workup for lower abdominal pain and intermittent hematochezia revealed a thickened rectosigmoid with a broad differential diagnosis.CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005062,Ultrasound of abdomen. Ultrasonography of the patient's abdomen revealed splenomegaly. The blue arrow is pointing towards the spleen. The dotted line shows the entire extent of the spleen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005063,TEE of tricuspid valve with no evidence of vegetations.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005064,TEE with fibrinous attachments seen fluttering during study in the right atrium.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005065,The stent (arrowhead) insertion was confirmed.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005066,Transabdominal midline sagittal ultrasound image showing the presence of suture material in the endocervical canal after polypectomy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005067,MRI—fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005068,MRI—susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) sequence.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005069," Sixty-two-year-old female with metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm. Coronal fused Gallium-68 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid–octreotate (DOTATATE) positron emission tomography/computed tomography shows a large soft tissue mass in the pancreatic head with intensely avid DOTATATE uptake. Note the subtle metastatic lesion in the pericardium (short arrow) along the left atrium."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005070,Chest x-ray showed presence of a large anterior mediastinal mass with cardiomegaly.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005071,Left ventriculography showing a large left ventricular infero-basal aneurysm with a 2.8 cm neck.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005072,Cardiac computed tomography with angiography of the chest showing a large left true ventricular aneurysm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005073,Transesophageal echocardiogram showing a large left ventricular aneurysm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005074,"Chest x-ray, AP view, showing increased interstitial lung markings bilaterally.Anteroposterior (AP)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005075,Non-contrast CT imaging of the chest revealed a multinodular (‘patchy’) pattern of the lesions in the hepatic parenchyma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005076,Barium swallow showed “Bird beak sign” suggestive of achalasia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005077,Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE) with yellow circle showing the RLIAS with evidence of PFO RLIAS: right-to-left interatrial shunt; PFO: patent foramen ovale
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005078,preoperative X-ray of pelvis showing displaced intertrochanteric fracture right femur
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005079,postoperative X-ray of pelvis at 6 months follow-up showing proximal femoral nail (PFN A2) on right side
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005080,"Chest CT images of patients diagnosed with BHD syndrome. Multiple well-circumscribed, thin-walled lung cysts of willow-like, oval, and irregular shapes and varying sizes can be seen. The lung cysts are in the mediastinal subpleural and interlobular fissure areas in both lungs and grow near the mediastinum. Figures 1 and 2 are images of the same patient before (Fig. 1) and during (Fig. 2) pneumothorax"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005081,"Chest CT images of patients diagnosed with BHD syndrome. Multiple well-circumscribed, thin-walled lung cysts of willow-like, oval, and irregular shapes and varying sizes can be seen. The lung cysts are in the mediastinal subpleural and interlobular fissure areas in both lungs and grow near the mediastinum . Figures 1 and 2 are images of the same patient before (Fig. 1) and during (Fig. 2) pneumothorax"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005082,Initial orthopantomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005083,CT scan axial view.CT showing osteolytic lesion in the left 12th rib with the remodeling of the adjacent bone and a lobulated periosteal pattern with mild compression of the adjacent muscles.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005084,Computed tomography was performed again to ensure the wire location. The hook-shaped wire tip (arrow) was secured at a distance of 1.0 cm from the nodule
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005085,Coronal images of the left flank. Refraction of the US beam at the lower pole of the spleen causes apparent disruption of the of the middle third of the left kidney (arrows). K: kidney.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005086,"Coronal images of the right kidney. A reverberation artifact from strong echoes of the abdominal wall (arrowhead) projects over the lateral margin of the kidney, mimicking the presence of a subcapsular hematoma (arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005087,Abdominal ultrasound demonstrating thickening and intrahepatic bile ducts (white arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005088,Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showing enlarged pancreas
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005089,CT scan. Pericardial tumor nodules (blue arrow) were seen on the CT scan performed at further tumor progression 2 months after the acute cardiac failure.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005090,Computed tomography shows an osteolytic lesion (arrow) with calcification and juxtacortical extension at the posterolateral side of the right 5th rib.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005091,"Sagittal magnetic resonance imaging of the knee. Gradient echo sequence image of the medial compartment of the knee demonstrating a suspicious double ramp lesion. The long arrow indicates the first ramp lesion, and the short arrow indicates the second ramp lesion"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005092,"Distances to the center of the lymph node. The distances from the center of the lymph node (green) to the aorta (red) and IVC (blue) and to the midline (dotted line) of the vertebral body were measured. IVC, inferior vena cava"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005093,Lumbar computed tomography scan revealing a spinal lesion of 24 × 23 mm at the seventh thoracic vertebra.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005094,(Case 2). Chest CT demonstrated acute pulmonary embolism with saddle embolus in the right pulmonary artery (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005095,"CT abdomen axial view showing the duplicated gall bladder, one of them with the collapsed lumen (grey arrow) and distended gall bladder (white arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005096,Axial CT image slice showing opacification of the right middle ear cavity and mastoid air cells.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005097,Cropped panoramic of the right maxillary sinus showing: the normal sinus without opacification
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005098,"The holotype of Tessellatia bonapartei, gen. et sp. nov. (PULR-V121). Neutron tomography image of a transversal cross-section of the cranium showing the ossified maxillary canal."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005099,"Axial view chest CT imaging showing area of intercostal widening with lung herniation on left lower thoracic region, between ribs 8 and 9 (red arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005100,CT scan of the chest with contrast (axial view) showing right-sided pleural effusion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005101,CT scan of the chest with contrast (coronal view) showing right-sided pleural effusion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005102,T2-weighted coronal MRI through the right thigh demonstrating fluid showing subcutaneous tissue and vastus lateralis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005103,Temporal echo‐Doppler of left temporal artery showing an edematous halo
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005104,Computed tomography‐guided chest wall biopsy was done
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005105,Avulsion fracture of the achilles tendon from the calcaneal tuberosity in a 63-year-old female.Uneventful healing of the fracture after internal fixation with two lag screws (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005106,Follow-up radiograph for patient from Ghana with melioidosis manifesting as chronic femoral osteomyelitis of the left leg. Radiograph taken 12 months after initial assessment shows no remaining evidence of infection.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005107,Coronal CT image of the chest and upper abdominal viscera showing a large left-sided irregular goitre (arrow) with normal appearance of the liver and spleen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005108,X-ray of the chest showing diffuse bronchopneumonia in right and left lungs (see arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005109, The left main artery over left anterior descending artery stenting post percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005110,"Morphological markers of pulmonary hypertension in a girl born at 26 weeks of gestation with MRI performed at post-menstrual age 38 weeks (12 weeks old). Axial MRI bright-blood image through the main pulmonary artery and the ascending aorta demonstrates a 9-mm main pulmonary artery and a 6-mm aorta, resulting in a ratio of 1.5:1. A ratio of 1.3:1 or greater, in the absence of a larger left-to-right shunt, is very specific for pulmonary hypertension"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005111,"Abdominal CT scan showed a right lobe liver abscess (rounded, low density areas)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005112,"Abdominal ultrasound showed a right lobe liver abscess (mixed echoes, with a size of 3.5cm×2.7 cm)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005113,Esophageal involvement in a 42-year-old female with a diagnosis of SSc. Axial image with a mediastinal window setting shows a dilatation of the esophagus (diameter >1.2 cm) with an air-fluid level.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005114,"A CT scan of patient's chest on initial admission This computed tomography (CT) imaging was taken during the patient's first admission, which did not show any mediastinal lymphadenopathy."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005115,"axial flair TSE WI, left bulbar hyperintensity"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005116,Ultrasonography pictures.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005117,Initial chest radiograph showing bilateral pulmonary infiltrates
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005118,Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography revealing gallbladder edema without strong wall enhancement
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005119,Chest CT scan from five months prior is without evidence of anterior chest wall collection (the red box represents the expected site of the superficial lesion in Figure 1).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005120,"Non-contrast CT of the abdomen and pelvis one year before the current presentation depicting layering hyperdense material in the right pelvic cystic lesion with fluid calcium levels (white arrow), consistent with tumoral calcinosis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005121,Retrospective image fusion of low VMI from SDCT and SPECT data shows the anterior mediastinal nodule and radiotracer uptake more clearly (blue arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005122," Funnel sign (a hypoechoic, heterogeneous lesion that resembles a pipe with a wide, conical mouth and a narrow stem) in the right breast on ultrasonography in the patient with granulomatous lobular mastitis. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005123,Periapical radiograph at the initial appointment. Large periapical radiolucency was present on the second molar. The gross caries reached to the almost alveolar bone level on the radiograph. This was deemed as a nonrestorable tooth.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005124,The CT angiography confirmed a significant occlusion in the right internal carotid artery and progressive sharpening of the lumen with an intimal flap due to a carotid dissection
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005125,Aortic angiography demonstrates the location and dimensions of the aortic stenosis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005126,The first 12×59 mm cover stent at the distal of the descending thoracic aorta.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005127,Aortic angiography after 6 months undergoing percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005128,MRI brain sagittal view of 12 mm pituitary adenoma. Post-operative MRI showed complete resolution of pituitary adenoma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005129,"A 36-year-old woman with biopsy-proven SM. The anteroposterior radiograph of the left ankle shows two osteolytic lesions surrounded by a sclerotic” halo” in the distal tibial meta-epiphysis (arrows). However, these findings may be just simple degenerative geodes."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005130,CT angiogram of the abdomen showed active bleeding in the jejunum (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005131,Chest X-ray performed in the emergency department. The exam showed an extensive and inhomogeneous hypodiaphania extending from the upper third to the lower third of the right lung as for pneumonia with a pleural effusion in the right hemithorax associated. The upper lung pole appeared hypoexpanded.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005132,Image of the ultrasound performed on admission to the hospital ward. A pleural effusion and an oval formation of 49 × 43 mm is seen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005133,Ultrasound performed on the second day of stay. Another hypoechogenic and inhomogeneous oval-shaped formations measuring 12 × 12 mm is seen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005134,Sagittal CT scan of the chest.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005135,High-resolution computed tomography scan showing normal lung interstitium and parenchyma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005136,Contrast duodenography image. Duodenal stenosis (white arrow) and bile duct reflux (orange arrow) with a hook-like appearance
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005137,Brain MRI on diffusion-weighted (DWI) sequence: scattered hypersignals (“Starfield” pattern).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005138,No petechial hemorrhage found on T2* sequences.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005139,Computed tomography showing the right intracerebral hemorrhage (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005140,Coronal view of edematous wall thickening of the ascending colon indicative of colitis (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005141,The height of the anterior column (the mean value of two yellow arrows) and the cobb angle of fusion segments (the angle of two white lines).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005142,Inclination of maxillary first molars.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005143,CXR on presentation showing multilobar pneumonia
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005144,CXR before discharge showing significant improvement in aeration of the left lung but worsening consolidation of the right lung base
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005145,"Computed tomography imaging showing enlarged, edematous pancreas with decreased enhancement of the pancreatic tail and significant surrounding inflammatory change."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005146,Left testicular parenchyma filled with hypoechoic lesions
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005147,Partially calcified gallstone (poor shadow behind it) was seen in the distal part of a common bile duct during the EUS examination. Surrounding pancreatic parenchyma is edematous.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005148,"Inflammation of the head of the pancreas, with surrounding fluid and several enlarged lymph nodes. The arterial phase of CT. PH—head of the pancreas, DT—duodenal tube."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005149,"Chronic pancreatitis, with atrophy of pancreatic head (PH) parenchyma and pseudocyst (PC) in this region. The arterial phase of CT."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005150,Computed tomography (CT) of chest showing bilateral diffuse patchy infiltrates compatible with COVID-19 pneumonia
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005151,Axial computed tomography image demonstrating the broncho-parenchymal-esophageal fistula (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005152,Coronal view of the computed tomography image of the parenchymal-esophageal fistula before closure (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005153,Coronary angiogram showing large right coronary artery aneurysm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005154,"Case 2—intraoral radiograph of mandibular incisor teeth. Bulbous enlargement of the intra-alveolar part of the teeth (red stars), widening of periodontal ligament space (red arrows), lytic appearance of roots (resorption), disruption of lamina dura (green stars)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005155,A 68-year-old-male. Sagittal reformatted contrast-enhanced CT image reveals an increased thickness of the larynx's posterior wall (arrow). Sternum fracture is also noted in the manubrium
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005156,A 19-year-old male. Post-contrast CT image shows multiple mesenteric lymphadenopathies with peripheral enhancement
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005157,A coronal contrast-enhanced CT image of a 43-year-old male shows multiple hypodense lesions (arrows) in the liver and spleen. Hepatic and splenic TB
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005158,Pelvic x-ray of a 46-year-old male. The late finding of tuberculous sacroiliitis is characterized by degenerative changes in the left sacroiliac joint (arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005159,Pelvic X-ray of a 53-year-old female. The left hip joint sequela of TB is characterized by degenerative arthritis (arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005160,Contrast-enhanced T1 weighted axial MR image of a 52-year-old male appears an inflammatory mass lesion within the adjacent soft tissues to the body of the fourth lumbar vertebra be caused by a phlegmon and abscess
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005161,A contrast-enhanced CT image of a 69-year-old male demonstrates the left iliopsoas abscess (arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005162,Conventional ultrasound of right breast pseudoaneurysm combined with hematoma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005163,X-ray at presentation. Degenerative changes in the glenohumeral joint (black arrow) and acromioclavicular joint (white arrow) with bone cysts of the humeral head.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005164,Chest X-Ray showing right middle and lower zone patchy airspace opacities without pleural effusion or pneumothorax
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005165,Sagittal view of a computed tomography scan of the thorax demonstrating pneumomediastinum (black arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005166,Fluoroscopic anterior-posterior view showing skin incision/entry site.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005167,Fluoroscopic anterior-posterior view with implantation of leads and implantable pulse generator (IPG).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005168,CT scan of the chest on day 7 of admission
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005169,"Pelvic radiograph of an infant with unilateral left-sided developmental dysplasia of the hip classified as grade 4B according to the upgraded form of the International Hip Dysplasia Institute classification where the A-point can be seen above the A-line (black dot, H-point)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005170,Panoramic radiograph approximately 2 years after the surgery. There are no findings suggesting recurrence.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005171,"Brain MRI—normal findings (T2 weighted brain scan), axial insular image 1."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005172,"Second brain MRI, FLAIR images, axial temporal image."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005173,"Second brain MRI, FLAIR images, axial parietal image."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005174,Increased flow of the right thyroid lobe on color doppler ultrasound
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005175,Increased flow of the left thyroid lobe on color doppler ultrasound
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005176,External rectal prolapse with enterocele shown by proctography in an 80-year-old female patient. Small intestine advanced into external rectal prolapse.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005177,MRI of the brain showing diffuse meningeal enhancement
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005178,An axial non-enhanced CT scan of the brain showing an extensive area of hypodensity at the left basal ganglia (significant deep brain hypodensity with loss of grey-white matter differentiation and blurring of the internal capsule) shown with blue arrow in keeping with extensive acute right basal ganglia infarct.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005179,An axial non-enhanced CT scan of the brain showing an area of hypodensity at the right basal ganglia (small deep brain hypodensity) consistent with acute right basal ganglia infarct (shown with yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005180,Parasternal long axis view showing dilatation of the ascending aorta.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005181,Preoperative CT of the abdomen/pelvis demonstrating celiac artery stenosis with post-stenotic dilatation consistent with MALS.CT: computed tomography; MALS: median arcuate ligament syndrome
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005182,Pelvic sagittal parameters based on standing plain radiography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005183,"A plain axial chest computed tomography scan showing a large well-defined hypodense mass in the right hemithorax that was derived from the posterior mediastinum. Expansive growth was observed in all directions, which shifted the mediastinal structures in the anterolateral left direction"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005184,"T2-weighted brain MRI in axial view showing deep interpeduncular fossa, elongated bilateral superior cerebellar peduncles, and hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis, giving a molar tooth sign (MTS), consistent with Joubert syndrome"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005185,"Initial CT scan of the chest (coronal slice, lung window) showing extensive patchy ground-glass opacities"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005186,Massive high-density contents were observed inside peritoneum
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005187,Selective hepatic angiography shows some contrast media extravasation (arrow) in the distal branch of the right hepatic artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005188,Chest computed tomography (sagittal view) showing emphysematous aortitis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005189,Ground-glass opacities of the right lower lung lobe noted on CT angiogram
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005190,CT Abdomen/Pelvis with contrast showing multiple liver metastases (red arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005191,"Pulmonary artery CTA suggests strip filling defects were observed in the right upper, middle and lower lungs and in the branches of the left upper and lower arteries, which is bilateral pulmonary embolism."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005192,Portable chest X-ray revealed bilateral hazy airspace opacities (red arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005193,"Chest CT pulmonary embolism protocol revealed new multifocal ground-glass interval consolidative opacities (red arrows), interlobular septal thickening, bilateral pleural effusions, and no pulmonary embolism."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005194,Initial lateral cervical X-ray where a discrete C3-C4 dislocation was described.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005195,Follow-up CT exam revealing C4-C5 anterolisthesis and an increase in the corresponding interspinous space.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005196,MRI showing left superficial posterior paramedian muscle oedema around C2.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005197,"T1 coronal volumetric view of the brain shows loss of the flow void in the left ICA and its thin calibre (straight arrow). In comparison, the right ICA shows normal flow void (curved arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005198,"CT angiogram coronal maximum intensity projection (MIP, 0.625 mm slice thickness) reconstruction image shows a long-tapered stenosis in the left ICA, originating beyond the carotid bulb (straight arrows). This is in keeping with a dissection. Normal ICA on the right (curved arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005199,Computed tomography on presentation showing a bladder mass (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005200,Computed tomography on presentation showing multifocal areas of hypoattenuation throughout the left renal cortex (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005201,"Renal angiography showing thin trickle of contrast passing through the LRV into the inferior vena cava (IVC) (top arrow), paraspinal collateral (middle arrow) and retrograde reflux of contrast into left ovarian vein (bottom arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005202,"Computed tomography angiogram 6 months later showing pre-compressed LRV (right arrow); and compressed LRV (left arrow), but resolution of the congestion and swelling of the left kidney."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005203,AP view of leads in place.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005204,"US highlights the trajectory of the needle that crosses the capsule with the tip in the internal region of the cortex. This image shows the needle after the activation of the trigger mechanism. The operator must verify that the needle does not reach the region of the renal pelvis, considering both the trajectory and the maximum possible excursion of the tip after the activation of the trigger mechanism."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005205,"Extensive post-bioptic subcapsular hematoma; the anecogenicity of the effusion indicates that the bleeding is recent, but it is not possible to obtain reliable information as to whether bleeding still exists. Size is an unreliable parameter in these cases. In the presence of post-biopsy hematoma, non-invasive dynamic contrast studies (CEUS or contrast-enhanced CT) can be very useful to evaluate a bleeding source and any rarer post-biopsy vascular complications."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005206,POCUS of the right submandibular gland: longitudinal view of the enlarged right submandibular gland with heterogeneous echotexture and dilated Wharton’s duct (see arrows).POCUS: point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005207,Color Doppler differentiating Wharton’s duct from vascular structures (see arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005208,Bilateral psoas muscles area.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005209,Postoperative transesophageal echocardiography in the intensive care unit (midesophageal long axis view) revealed systolic anterior motion of the anterior mitral leaflet into the left ventricular outflow tract. LA = left atrium; LV = left ventricle; Ao = aorta; AML = anterior mitral leaflet. An additional movie file shows this in more detail (see Additional file 2)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005210,Sample envisaged detection of the distal point (white circle) for a right coronary artery image.The black circles the catheter tip.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005211,Maximum intensity projection reformat of CTPA showing a segmental filling defect in a segmental artery of the right lower lobe.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005212,"Measurements used in the calculation of interspinous distance in anterorposterior x-ray film, Make a horizontal straight line right on the upper edge of each spinous process, then the distance between the adjacent horizontal lines is the interspinous process distance: (A) Interspinous distance of normal superior vertebra; (B) Interspinous distance of a fractured vertebra; (C) Interspinous distance of normal inferior vertebra. Reprinted from Ruiz Santiago et al., Quant Imaging Med Surg 2016;6:772-84 [35]."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005213,Ultrasound of the neck demonstrating 3.7 × 2.0 × 3.1 mm nodule in the right thyroid lobe.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005214,"Cage used for TLIF, postoperative CT image in axial plane."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005215,Intraoral Periapical Radiograph revealed dental caries approximating pulp in right maxillary third molar (orange arrow) and two radiopaque tooth-like radiopacity resembling odontoma (blue arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005216,"CT of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis (CAP-CT) showing a right lower lobe apical segment mass lesion with air bronchogram extension to the hilum"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005217,"Preoperative planning of the Chevron osteotomy: The black line indicates the level and length of the osteotomy. The blue line has the same length as the black. The overlap of both lines (black&blue) simulates the amount of the lateral shift in relation to the width of the metatarsal shaft at the level of the osteotomy (in this case ~ 60–70%). The white lines simulate the orientation and length of both screws. The black circles demonstrate the cortical fixation points of the screws. The proximal screw exists through the lateral cortex, the distal screw through the osteotomy"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005218,"Chest radiograph on day one of admission. Chest radiograph shows left lower lobe haziness, enhanced bronchovascular markings, and multiple patchy consolidations."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005219,High-resolution computed tomography of the thorax High-resolution computed tomography image of the chest showing extensive ground glass opacity with pneumomediastinum of size 8.5 mm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005220,CT chest done in the emergency department showing no acute cardiopulmonary pathology
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005221,Post decompressive craniectomy CT head showing ischemic stroke in the right MCA territory with features of raised ICP.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005222,Grade 2 injury of the gluteus medius with interruption of muscle fibers and formation of hypoechoic local hematoma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005223,"Measurement of flexor retinaculum bowing (arrow heads). After drawing a line connecting the hook of the hamate and tubercle of the trapezium where the flexor retinaculum is attached (transverse dotted line), the distance from the line to the top of the flexor retinaculum is measured (vertical dotted line). The radial and ulnar sides branch of the bifid median nerve (arrows) passes beneath the flexor retinaculum."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005224,A hypointense lesion was observed in the right nasal cavity on T1-weighted sequences of MRIMRI: Magnetic resonance imaging
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005225,A hyperintense lesion was observed in the right nasal cavity on T2-weighted sequences of MRIMRI: Magnetic resonance imaging
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005226,"Image from a typical, normal CIMT ultrasound test of the right common carotid artery. Central area shows the arterial lumen; crosses (lower left) indicate computerised measurement of CIMT. CIMT carotid intima-media thickness"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005227,"Phantom sections in a lateral topogram image. Due to the inclination of the head, different sections are exposed in the frontal and occipital regions"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005228,"Chest CT. The arrows indicate areas of ground-glass opacities, summing up to 40% pulmonary damage. Day 23 of admission."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005229,Grayscale transverse ultrasound image demonstrating dilated ducts/cystic appearance corresponding to the area of mammographic concern (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005230,Single axial T1W post-contrast MRI image demonstrating enhancement in the upper inner quadrant of the left breast (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005231,PET scan. Hypermetabolic activity within the lesion with a maximum SUV of 2.6 without evidence of nodal involvement
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005232,Computed tomography scan. Scout image showing bilateral ureteric stents (in red arrows) and left nephrostomy (in black arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005233,"Yellow arrow: portal venous gas, red ring: pneumoperitoneum"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005234,Measuring technique 1: The distance between the roots and the inferior alveolar canal (white lines). Point A: intersection between the long axis of the molar and the upper white line of the inferior alveolar canal; point B: intersection between the long axis of the molar (red lines) and the apices of the mesial and distal roots
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005235,A preoperative panoramic radiograph of a 27-year-old female patient before the coronectomy of the right mandibular third molar
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005236,Panoramic radiograph of the same patient performed 6 months after coronectomy of the right mandibular third molar and coronectomy of the left mandibular third molar and removal of the left maxillary third molar
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005237,A 62-year-old female patient presenting end-stage valgus tibiotalar osteoarthritis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005238,A 62-year-old female patient presenting complete union of the tibiotar and distal tibiofibular joints at 4 months follow-up.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005239,Post-balloon angioplasty of the right coronary artery with resulting TIMI 2 flow to the posterior descending artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005240,MRI of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Head magnetic resonance imaging of the neoplasm (arrow) shows an ill-defined infiltrating mass in the posterior right aspect of the nasopharynx extending into the skull base.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005241,"Thoracic CT scan demonstrates a massive pneumomediastinum.The CT scan image confirms air collection along the perivascular connective tissue, the Macklin effect in the peripheric area and the perihilar area, and massive pneumomediastinum."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005242,Sagittal reconstruction redemonstrates central hyperdense thrombosed vessel secondary to torsion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005243,There is no evidence of pulmonary embolism or aortic dissection on the computed tomography angiogram. Arrow shows anomalous pulmonary artery originating from descending aorta.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005244, Exemplary CT scan of a female patient with a 9.5 cm left cortisol-producing adrenal adenoma
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005245,Embedded lead shot (large bright white objects) and fragmentation centers (red circles) detected via radiography in a harvested stubble quail (Coturnix pectoralis): Three pellets and three fragmentation centers are visible in this bird.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005246,Plain radiography of the chest showing a 2 cm hilar nodule
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005247,"MRI image of my pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, showing an enhancing lesion with a small cystic component."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005248,"Transverse CT myelogram image showing manual delineation for area measurements.Spinal cord (SC), dural space (DS), and vertebral canal (VC). This site has the qualitative designation of C for continuous contrast filling of the subarachnoid space. C = continuous and concentric filling of the subarachnoid space."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005249,Computed tomography PE showing patchy peripheral ground-glass interstitial opacities.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005250,Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) shows left ventricular non-compaction; dark area around the left ventricular cavity (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005251,Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging shows left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005252,Chest X-ray revealed airspace opacifications with bronchogram presence in the perihilar and lower lung areas bilaterally. No cardiomegaly was demonstrated
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005253,Sagittal T2-weighted whole spine magnetic resonance imagings (MRIs) of the patient indicating syringomyelia at T2–T7 level (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005254, Preoperative chest radiograph. Chest radiographs showed subsegmental atelectasis in the left lower lobe and mild cardiomegaly.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005255," Postoperative chest radiographic examination on the eighth postoperative day. After recovery, most of the radiologic haziness of the right lung had disappeared in the chest radiograph."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005256,CT/PET image showing high FDG uptake in the right-sided infiltrate (May 2017).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005257,HRCT scan with partial resolution after treatment with oral glucocorticoids (May 2018).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005258,Barium esophagography revealed a filling defect
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005259,"Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lumbar plexus fat suppressed T2-weighted axial image, showing thickening of the left obturator nerve (red arrow) from the level of S1 as it courses medially along the psoas major muscle and between the pectineus (PE) and adductor brevis (AB), consistent with left obturator neuropathy. Post-radiation injury to the nerve appears hyperintense, diffuse, with uniform swelling on a T2-weighted image (7). Edema and mild enhancement of the left adductor compartment and obturator externus (OE) is present, consistent with post-radiation changes and denervation secondary to left obturator neuropathy."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005260, Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans of the abdomen showed no specific abnormalities in the left colon.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005261,Unilateral–multilobar—hazy infiltrates throughout the right lung.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005262,Bilateral—not diffuse—hazy infiltrates with a left predominance.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005263,Dense infiltrate in the right upper lobe.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005264,Central venography from the left approach demonstrates complete occlusion at the confluence of the left internal jugular and left subclavian veins (arrow). No contrast flow is seen in the left brachiocephalic vein. Collateral vessels are present.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005265,"Oblique sagittal T2 weighted fetal MR images demonstrate the large FIF spanning the host twin perineum, with markedly edematous legs of the parasitic twin within the abdominal cavity of the host."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005266,Magnetic resonance imaging with contrast shows mild nodular contour of the liver surface (arrows) and relative hypertrophy of the caudate lobe (*) in porto-sinusoidal vascular disease.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005267,Coronal projection of computed tomography venogram (CTV) of abdomen and pelvis demonstrating absence of the right common iliac vein and a slightly dilated left common iliac vein.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005268,Abdominal computed tomography (CT) imaging revealed patchy hypodense shadow of the spleen with wedge-shaped changes
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005269,Pelvic plain radiograph showing postleft total hip arthroplasty.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005270,Pre-contrast T1 MRI Brain Demonstrating Diffuse Abnormal Thickening and Enhancement of the Cavernous Sinus
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005271,"Post-contrast T1 MRI Brain Demonstrating Diffuse Abnormal Thickening and Enhancement of the Orbital Apices, Superior Orbital Fissures, Cavernous Sinuses, and Sella"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005272,Standard X-ray showing an absence of congruence of the glenohumeral joint upon abduction of the arm
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005273,MRI scan showing a significant reverse Bankart lesion with a loose subscapularis tendon
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005274,X-rays showing posterior dislocation of the right shoulder 15 days after the intervention.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005275,"CT KUB showing hydronephrotic left kidney (PD-13.1 mm), with 2.4 cm × 1.1 cm oval calculus, normal ureter."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005276,A round radiopacity (arrow) is located in the Stensens duct of the parotid gland.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005277,"A radiopacity (arrow) may be located in the deep lobe of the parotid gland, the uncinate processs of the submandibular gland or in the palatine tonsil."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005278, Magnetic resonance imaging pelvis. Arrow demonstrates stress fracture right medial subtrochanteric region.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005279," Magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracolumbar spine (longitudinal view) after spinal surgery. After decompression laminectomy, T9-10 remained kyphotic with no bone oedema."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005280,Abdominal and pelvic CT. The cut showed a 2.8 cm staghorn stone in the upper pole of the right kidney and a 8 mm non-obstructing stone in the interpolar region of the left kidney.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005281,Representative image of multidetector‐row computed tomography. CT scan showing an anastomotic stricture of pancreaticogastrostomy and dilation of the main pancreatic duct with pancreatic stone (white arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005282,Axial CT showing lung herniation through the costochondral fractures (arrow) after sternal ORIF.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005283,Guide wire placement and anterograde passage through the bile duct stricture.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005284,Stent placement and Cholangiography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005285,"Thyroid ultrasound showing the relatively small size of the lobes and isthmus, diffuse coarse, heterogenous parenchymal echotexture with multiple fibrous echogenic lines, and no focal nodule."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005286,Abdominal contrast-enhancement computed tomography (venous phase) with complete Zone I resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (arrow) showing hypo-enhancement (hypoperfusion) in the liver and spleen (asterisks)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005287,Abdominal contrast-enhancement computed tomography with partial resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta in Zone I in a patient with multiple traumas showing no enhancement in the left kidney (arrow). The left renal artery was irregular and occluded (vascular injury) (arrowhead)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005288,"Computed tomographic image at the time of the first hospitalization. The red arrow indicates the uterus and the yellow arrow indicates the left pelvic retroperitoneal hematoma. Initially, this hematoma was diagnosed as a left ovarian cyst"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005289,Computed tomographic image shows severe stenosis of the left renal vein. The purple arrow indicates the beak sign
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005290,Long segment occlusion from the origin of left CIA (A) until the proximal CFA (B).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005291,axial non-enhanced postoperative CT scan showing a porencephalic cavity at the level of the tumor bed associated with pneumocephalus even subcutaneously; note the disappearance of midline shift and good decompression of healthy parenchyma
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005292,The ultra‐sonography imaging of Sputnik‐V vaccine‐induced panniculitis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005293,Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Increased signal intensity of pericardium on Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and fat suppressed T2 weighted imaging suggestive of active inflammation from devascularized omental fat.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005294,Patient 3 MRI image mucromycosis growth in sinuses.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005295,"USS showing a 3.65cm U4 left thyroid nodule lesion (i.e., a suspicious thyroid nodule). USS - ultrasound"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005296,"Immediate postoperative CT.CT, computed tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005297,"Non-contrast CT demonstrating collapsed abscess cavity and small left frontal extra-axial fluid collection.CT, computed tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005298,CT scan of the chest taken at the beginning of treatment 21 December 2020.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005299,"Chest computed tomography showing dextrocardia, with no radiographic evidence of bronchiectasis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005300,Ultrasonography image of the appendix and surrounding tissues.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005301,Abdominal computed tomography shows massive ascites and a large number of nodular shadows (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005302,Example of left atrial–esophageal distance measurement based on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005303,"After calibration of radiographs by the length of each implant, marginal bone loss measured as vertical distance between implant shoulder and the marginal bone"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005304,"Enlarged cardiac shadow with hazy heart boundaries, bilaterally obliterated cardiophrenic and costophrenic angles, lower zones opacified in comparison to upper zones are seen. These findings are suggestive of alveolar airspace disease with bilateral pleural effusion, consistent with diagnosis of congestive heart failure. However, the CT study revealed something different.CT, computed tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005305,Reverse halo sign in right lower lobe in COVID-19.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005306,"Pancreatitis. Enlarged and edematous pancreas especially at the head, with fat stranding and peripancreatic fluid collection extending along the left anterior pararenal space."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005307,Colitis. Edematous thickening of the walls of the rectum-sigma with hyperdense aspects of the mucosa showing contrast enhancement after administration of contrast medium. Intra-abdominal effusion is associated.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005308,MRI post-ACL rupture demonstrating severe bruising in the lateral femoral condyle and posterior tibial plateau
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005309,"CT-abdomen, native sequence, ureteral stone in the medial portion of the left ureter (6-mm, 1100 Hounsfield units), coronal view."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005310,Representative image from a transvaginal ultrasound scan performed at 7 weeks after embryo transfer showing monochorionic triamniotic triplets (white arrows; three viable embryos were detected in one gestational sac); and a single embryo in another gestational sac (black arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005311,Radiographic confirmation of fracture and fixation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005312,Infiltrative shadows at the center of the inferior lobe of the left lung
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005313,Initial chest x-ray showing right pneumothorax.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005314,"CT scan obtained at presentation, coronal view demonstrating a mass spanning from the pelvis to left upper quadrant."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005315,Admission chest X-ray for patient #1 with stab wound to the left supraclavicular space.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005316,MRI imaging showing hyperintense signal on the T2WIT2WI: T2-weighted
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005317,MRI imaging showing hypointense signal on the T1WIT1WI: T1-weighted
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005318,Postoperative axial computed tomography scan of the temporomandibular joint region. The image shows the normal structure of the left condyle: there were no remaining particles.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005319,"Echocardiogram of the patient on the day of presentation. The arrows point to echo-bright areas over the interventricular septum indicating leukemia cell infiltration. RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricle; LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; IVS, intraventricular septum."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005320,abdominal CT scan findings
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005321,"Plain radiograph image showing deployment of two Amplatzer vascular plugs (white arrowheads), one in each arterial feeders."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005322,Chest x‐ray showing dextrocardia with important cardiomegaly along with increased pulmonary vascular markings
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005323,Ultrasound showing the liver cyst with intracystic bleeding.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005324,Negative brain computed tomography at admission.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005325,Initial OPG of the patient depicting a unilocular radiolucency encompassing the apices of the mandibular second premolar and first molar.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005326,"Ecocollordoppler image of the right common carotid artery. The exam demonstrated dissection of the vessel’s intimal layer, creating a false lumen"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005327,X-ray of a patient showing soft-tissue swelling at the medial aspect of distal femoral metaphysis containing amorphous calcifications (arrow) and subtle periosteal reaction of underlying bone (arrowhead). Histopathology revealed osteosarcoma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005328,MRI scan of a patient illustrating the soft-tissue mass with its anatomical position and involvement of adjacent structures. Long arrow points to the soft-tissue component of tumor. Arrowhead marks the area of cortical breach. Histopathology revealed a parosteal osteosarcoma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005329,Chest CT showed bilateral lung consolidation with ground-glass opacities suggestive of COVID-19.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005330,Type 2A SCAD coronary angiography showing abrupt narrowing of the LAD with distal widening of the artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005331,Enlargement of the hematoma before the re-operation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005332,Contrast enhanced computed tomography showed hemothorax with bleeding from the right fourth posterior intercostal artery (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005333,Impacted first mandibular molars.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005334,Ectopic eruption of upper left canine.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005335,Lateral ventricles minimum width in purple color (B). Brain width is presented in yellow (B1)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005336,Maximum inner skull diameter
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005337,Coronal reformatted non-contrast CT image showing empty gallbladder fossa (arrow). No radio-dense calculi were seen in the biliary system.CT- Computed Tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005338,Axial non-contrast CT showing fat in the gallbladder fossa (arrow) with non-visualization of the gallbladder.CT - Computed Tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005339,MRI imaging after six chemotherapy cycles that objectified more than 80% of response rate (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005340,"An endotracheal tube with the tip projecting over the mid-thoracic trachea; well-inflated lungs with multifocal patchy opacities likely compatible with multifocal infection, hemorrhage, ARDS, and/or pulmonary edema; small right hydropneumothorax with the chest tube in place."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005341,"(Transverse view) show contrast-enhanced CT at the day after RFA procedure and the results show necrotic changes with air component in all 4 treated tumors (white arrow). RFA, radiofrequency ablation."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005342,"Example graphical representation of indicators: X01 (color: red |C13C43|; blue |C15C45|), X02 (color: red |C13C43|; green |C16C46|), and X03 (color: red |C13C43|; orange |C17C47|)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005343,magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showing hematometra and hematocolpos with obstruction at the lower third of the vagina
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005344,"2D transthoracic echocardiogram, A2C view showing reduction of MR severity to grade II after 2 weeks of starting Sacubitril/Valsartan. LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005345,Emergency CT of the abdomen showed a mixed density mass of about 8*8 cm in the right lobe of the liver. The lesion was near the right hepatic artery and free liquid density was visible around it.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005346,Echocardiography with contrast shows left ventricular pseudoaneurysm
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005347,"High resolution CT scan of the temporal bone in axial plane obtained with thin slices of 1 mm. It shows asymmetrical bilateral jugular bulbs, appears larger on the right side consistent with high mega jugular bulb, and slightly protruding into the tympanic cavity (red arrow), associated with bone thinning of bony outlines on the right jugular bulb. Also, illustrated direct communication with the external auditory canal (yellow arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005348,Chest radiograph showing widened superior mediastinum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005349,Initial chest x-ray of the patient
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005350,Chest x-ray after removal of pigtail catheter
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005351,"An example of RBL measurement in a periapical radiograph. RBL was calculated as the distance from the CEJ to the most coronal level of the alveolar crest (BL), where the periodontal ligament appeared with normal width. RBL was expressed as a percentage (%) of the total length of the root of the tooth, that is, CEJ to apex (A). BL, bone level; CEJ, cemento‐enamel junction; RBL, radiographic bone loss."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005352,Supine anteroposterior chest radiograph showing suspicious infiltrates in the right upper lobe and both lower lobes.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005353,"Mean electron ED values measured using circular region of interest on ED image: 108.4 (%EDW, percentage relative to the ED of water) in the high-density area and 104.1 in other areas of the pulmonary artery. ED, electron density."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005354,Head CT showing two highly dense lesions (arrow) with no surrounding edema or mass effect.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005355,T2-weighted MRI showing susceptibility artifact (arrow) in keeping with the calcified lesions.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005356,CT chest demonstrating two ground glass pulmonary nodules at the left upper lobe and the apical segment of the left lower lobe.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005357,Grey scale ultrasound with Doppler demonstrating Doppler flow to the median raphe cyst (arrows). The corpora cavernosa (∗) and corpus spongiosum (+) are seen distinct from the cyst.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005358,Cholangiogram of a female patient suffering from “sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients” (SC-CIP) following polytrauma and long-term intensive care treatment including mechanical ventilation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005359,Thoracic radiograph of the fennec. Image shows lateral radiographic projection of the chest in which a diffuse nodular broncho-interstitial lung pattern can be observed.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005360,Right coronary artery (RCA) postpercutaneous intervention (PCI).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005361,Follicle in a female boa during coupling. The follicle shows a central anechoic area surrounded by a more echogenic peripheral area. Recognized in 100% of the females involved in the study.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005362,Follicle with an onion-ring appearance in a female during coupling. A concentric ultrasound appearance was recognizable in 90% of females.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005363,"Follicle highlighted in a female boa 24 days after ovulation. Due to the alternation of areas with different echogenicity, an onion ring appearance is highlighted in 96.2% of females who have given birth to living and viable offspring."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005364,"Post-ovulatory follicle highlighted in a female boa (32 days after ovulation). An onion ring appearance and an anechoic central area have been observed in 96.2% and 100%, respectively, of females who have given birth to living and viable offspring."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005365,"Gravid female boa 4 weeks before parturition. In all females who have given birth to live offspring, embryos moved, and their position varied greatly."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005366,CT scan images of the omental torsion with concentric lines of fat and fibrous tissue surrounding the high density of central vessel at the right lower quadrant and iliac fossa (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005367,"Example of temporal muscle thickness (TMT) measurement in contrast enhanced axial T1 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of a 70-year old male patient with an overall survival (OS) of 18 months. Measurement is marked with arrows (right: 7.6 mm, left: 7.8 mm)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005368,Computed tomography angiogram before discharge.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005369,Panoramic radiograph of the patient 1-year postoperatively reveals a surgical defect in the left posterior maxilla with clear margins. No sign of recurrence is noted.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005370,Transthoracic echocardiogram on admission showed large pericardial effusion with several fibrous bands.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005371,Abdominal-pelvic CT revealing high-volume ascites. CT: computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005372,Radiographic view of the surgical drain shows bile leakage at the common bile duct.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005373,MRI image showing leiomyoma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005374,T1 coronal MRI left knee.Red arrow points toward the evidence of ligament damage.MRI: magnetic resonance imaging
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005375,TEE bicaval view with saline agitated study showing a LASP (yellow arrow) and saline bubbles in the right atrium (red arrow) but not crossing into the right atrium. TEE: transesophageal echocardiogram; LASP: left atrial septal pouch
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005376,TEE mid-esophageal view at 141 degrees showing a LASP (red arrow)TEE: transesophageal echocardiogram; LASP: left atrial septal pouch
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005377,Axial CT image of the pelvic lesion. Arrow indicates central calcification. Arrowhead indicates involvement of anterior abdominal wall.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005378,"Axial CT image. Arrow indicates appendicolith present within the appendix, with minor fat stranding surrounding the appendix."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005379,CT on admission (45 mm × 38 mm).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005380,Lateral thoracic radiographs of the cat after 28 days of antibiotic use. The mass lesion in the lung had disappeared
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005381,"Transversely oriented ultrasound of the right antecubital region demonstrating a soft tissue mass involving the anterior aspect of the humerus. The center of the mass is isoechoic, and the periphery is hypoechoic."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005382,Transvaginal ultrasound image of the ovarian tumor. Transvaginal ultrasound showing a 10-cm-large monoblastic ovarian tumor. Yellow arrows: ovarian tumor; yellow circle: cystic component; red arrows: cyst
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005383,Ultrasound imaging of the application of percutaneous electrolysis in the common extensor tendon of the lateral epicondyle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005384,Chest radiography revealed increased soft tissue opacity over the mediastinum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005385,Echocardiology showed the large mass in ascending aorta.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005386,Brain and neck MRIThe T1 coronal image shows a right maxillary sinus mass with iso-to-high signal intensity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005387,Preoperative CT of the paranasal sinus. The sagittal view shows the measurement of a concha bullosa mucocele.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005388,"Anteroposterior radiograph of the bilateral knee joint in standing posture with grade IV osteoarthritis with large osteophytes, obliteration of joint space, subluxation of joint, and varus deformity of knees. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005389,Chest radiogram showing a huge mass (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005390,CTA showing huge right subclavian artery aneurysm (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005391,Schematic diagram of filing of patients’ CT images
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005392,KUB image shows right renal calculus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005393,"Computed tomography angiogram showing pseudoaneurysm, superficial femoral artery, and medial femoral circumflex artery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005394,"Computed tomography angiogram showing pseudoaneurysm, superficial femoral artery, and profunda femoris."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005395,VCUG performed at 3 months after BTX‐A injection showed bilateral moderate VUR.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005396,The angle of root canal curvature of maxillary lateral incisors. The angle between the line a and line b was measured.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005397,"Transversal PMCT after previous intrathecal contrast agent application in a 55-year-old patient with orthostatic headache without epidural CSF collection (SLEC(−)) demonstrating opacification of the renal pelvis and a density measurement using a circular ROI with a mean of 64 Hounsfield units. CSF cerebrospinal fluid, PMCT postmyelography computed tomography, ROI region of interest"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005398,Extraction of each tooth on a panoramic radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005399,Right upper lobe and right middle lobe aspiration pneumonia marked by the white arrow. This image demonstrates the marked distal esophageal dilation (yellow arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005400,Gastric Lap Band visualized in place just distal to the gastroesophageal junction (red arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005401,Sagittal CT revealing the intra‐articular neurofibromas (white arrow) and the scalloping in the great trochanter
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005402,Follow-up brain computed tomography taken after 2 days shows a marked increase in the extent of infarct-related edema in the right cerebral hemisphere with left-sided midline shifting.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005403,"Example illustrating the result of the PACS-integrated AI-based body composition analysis in a patient with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The patient has reduced muscle mass with a SMI of 28.2 cm2/m2 indicating the presence of sarcopenia. There is accumulation of gas in the gallbladder caused by a common bile duct stent. Each segmented tissue is coded with a different color: psoas muscle = purple, skeletal muscle = green, SMI = skeletal muscle index, visceral fat = dark green, subcutaneous fat = blue. Tissue areas were automatically calculated."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005404,Acute interstitial edematous pancreatitis with acute peripancreatic fluid collections in the left anterior pararenal space.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005405,A pseudocyst in the lesser sac.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005406,"Chest X-ray showing patchy bilateral airspace disease, greatest in the right mid to lower lung. Taken during current patient admission."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005407,CT showing cavitary lesion in the apical posterior segment of the left upper lobe (blue arrow) taken during patient admission.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005408,Sciatic nerve hydro dissection.Ultrasound image. Injecting with a 22-gauge needle around the sciatic nerve (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005409,CT of the abdomen at time of admission reveals thickening of the sigmoid colon (white arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005410,Repeat computed tomography of the abdomen 12 days after admission reveals progressive thickening of the sigmoid colon [long white arrow] and free fluid [short white arrow].
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005411,Measurements
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005412,Sagittal CT scan view of the abdomen showing a hair clip (white arrowhead) and a ballpen (white arrow) in the stomach.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005413,Tranversal thoracic CT showing a heart base mass with vena cava and azygos invasion. The red arrow indicates the mass with contrast
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005414,Panoramic radiograph showing multiple cyst-like lesions associated with unerupted teeth in the jaws.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005415,"CT (sagittal plane) of the goiter extending below thoracic inlet into mediastinum.Yellow arrow indicates solid cystic component of goiter at the cervical region, green arrow indicates goiter extending below thoracic inlet, upper border of the manubrium (front) to upper border body of first thoracic (behind), red arrow indicates arch of the aorta, with the goiter extending below the arch of the aorta, blue arrow indicates the compressed superior vena cava, and orange arrow indicates goiter’s inferior border extending till T9 vertebra."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005416,High T1‐weighted signal intensity of the ovarian cyst demonstrated the hemorrhagic content of the lesion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005417,CT cerebral venography demonstrating thrombosis of the left transverse sinus. CT: computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005418,Fluoroscopy image of the left shoulder made during the first intraarticular infiltration shows the normal structure of the humeral head and the normal width of the joint space
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005419,Working Length Determination.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005420,Immediate Post-Operative Follow-up Radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005421,A transesophageal echocardiogram demonstrating a new 1.5 cm vegetation on the bioprosthetic mitral valve
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005422,Sagittal view of computed tomography showed extravasations of contrast medium from the right 10th intercostal artery (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005423,Ultrasound scan showing 18/11 cm well-delimited giant cystic lesion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005424,"IRM examination of the pelvis, transversal section."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005425,"Transthoracic echocardiography, apical four chamber view showing a giant left atrial mass."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005426,"Computed tomography scan of the patient's chest without contrast. There was diffuse but mild nonspecific peribronchial thickening, with one such area of peribronchial thickening highlighted (arrow). There was no evidence of interstitial lung disease."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005427,"Computed tomography angiogram of the patient's chest in the axial plane. There was evidence of multiple small pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. These are found at the posterior aspects of the bilateral lower lung lobes. They are characterized by enhancement, representing feeding arteries and draining veins. The largest pulmonary arteriovenous malformation is highlighted (arrow). Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at  "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005428,Initial CT abdomen and pelvis – image 1Focal area of fat in the right upper quadrant adjacent to the inferomedial aspect of the liver measuring 8.5 x 2.0 cm with a mild displacement of the adjacent bowel. This mass raised suspicion of a lipoma. CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005429,"Three-month postoperative CTThe image shows expanding focal area of fat in the right upper quadrant that has increased in thickness from a previous study 11 months prior, measuring 5.5 cm x 5.0 cm. There is a moderate displacement of adjacent bowel loops, raising suspicion of a growing lipoma. CT: computed tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005430,Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) images showed a large triangular mass in the left ventricular (LV) apex and a moderate-sized shelf-like mass at the right ventricular (RV) apex
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005431,"Bedside ultrasound image obtained from the lower abdomen (transverse view) using curvilinear probe, demonstrating edematous bowel wall with intra-mural air which appeared as hyper-echoic lining along the bowel wall (white arrows) suggestive of pneumatosis intestinalis. There was also free fluid demonstrated in the ultrasound image as shown by the yellow arrow.White arrows: intra-mural air which appeared as hyper-echoic lining along the bowel wall suggestive of pneumatosis intestinalis.Yellow arrow: Free fluid"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005432,Coronal CT image of patient’s pelvis/abdomen demonstrating fistula tract containing gas and fluid from the intra-abdominal space through the inferior lumbar triangle into the soft tissue of the flank/proximal thigh.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005433,Exophytic solid nodule measuring 1.7 × 0.95 × 1.1 cm3 in left thyroid lobe.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005434,Thyroid ultrasound showing isoechoic 1.3 × 0.8 × 1.1 cm3 nodule with internal calcifications in the left side of the isthmus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005435, Open reduction and internal fixation on the femur.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005436, Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine-associated myocarditis. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging slice of a 21-year-old male six days after receiving his second dose of the Moderna™ mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination showing evidence of significant diffuse late gadolinium enhancement and myocardial edema consistent with myocarditis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005437,"The medial and lateral condyles were divided into anterior and posterior sub-regions for quantification of post-contrast signal enhancement to the anterior and posterior aspects of the condyles. The mid-sagittal line was drawn on sagittal projections, and signal enhancement anterior or posterior to the sagittal midline was compared between medial (zones 1 and 2) and lateral (zones 3 and 4) condyles."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005438,"A 16-year-old male with native tricuspid valve infective endocarditis due to Viridans Streptococcus. Previous history of CHD with restrictive perimembranous ventricular septal defect, secondary moderate–severe tricuspid regurgitation, and septic pulmonary embolisms."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005439,An abdominal computed tomography scan showing a left renal cell cancer with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005440,"Axial section of the contrast-enhanced CT scan image of abdomen and pelvis depicting the compression of third part of the duodenum between the SMA and the abdominal aorta. The proximal part of the duodenum is dilated (White arrow—compressed third part of the duodenum, green arrow—the dilated proximal part, red arrow—abdominal aorta, blue arrow—superior mesenteric artery). SMA, superior mesenteric artery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005441,"Sample radiograph of tooth‐supported fixed dental prostheses, after a follow‐period of 4 years"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005442,"(3E in the original text) showing a treated MCA aneurysm that was judged completely occluded. A residual aneurysm is clearly visible. MCA, middle cerebral artery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005443,"B) An 87-year-old patient with DM+HT+CAD history had the complaints of fever, shortness of breath, and cough for around 7–8 days. The patient applied to hospital due to increase in shortness of breath. Infiltration areas (black arrows) of peripheral ground glass density in all lobes of both lungs and small amount of effusion in both pleurae was found in the tomography picture of the patient."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005444,Skeletal survey revealing truncation of the caudal sacrum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005445,"Brain MRI revealing dysgenesis of the corpus callosum, partially empty sella, and third ventricular enlargement."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005446,"Transesophageal echocardiography of the left atrial appendage: whale tail left atrial appendage with 19 × 15 mm diameters at lending zone, maximum depth of 12 mm and no thrombi."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005447,"Echocardiogram, parasternal, short access view showing left ventricular non-compaction(arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005448,MRI transverse view of clitoral cyst
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005449,"Chest X-ray anterior-posterior view with subglottic narrowing, mediastinal widening, and lymphadenopathy."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005450,"Computed tomography image showing IM contrast, following unsuccessful retrobulbar injection."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005451,Anteroposterior chest radiography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005452,"A chest X-ray of an ICU treated patient for COVID-19 showing mainly parenchymal bands (black arrows), faint ground glass opacity (thin white arrows) and consolidation (thick white arrow) 6 months after hospital discharge"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005453,An example showing the bladder and clinical target volume (CTV) locational relationship along with the cropped region of interest (ROI) (white‐dashed window) in a typical female pelvic axial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in our dataset
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005454,Preoperative proton density fat saturation MRI shows the fracture with high signal intensity at the same location as seen on CT scan (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005455,Portal venography via the anastomosed graft with evidence of good flow into the liver.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005456,Coronal cut of the CT scan showing enlarged right axillary lymph node.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005457,Orthopantomograph showing the right mandible without any bony invasion of the tumor
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005458,X-ray abdomen fails to identify any radiopaque substances.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005459,Chest low-dose CT scan showing a foreign body of metallic density (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005460,2D transvaginal ultrasound picture of a juvenile cystic adenomyosis in the posterior wall of the uterus (orange arrow). The picture is showing the endometrial strip separate from the cyst (green arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005461,"Trans-vaginal 2D US performed 8 weeks after laparoscopic excision of the JCA in the patient in Figures 1 and 2, illustrating normal appearing uterus with no evidence of recurrence of the cyst."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005462,Thoracic CT scan: axial section through the parenchymal window passing through the trachea. The transverse diameter of the trachea is 47.3 mm; the sagittal diameter is 26.7 mm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005463,Computerized tomography (CT) pelvis transverse view showing free air in the left gluteal area (red arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005464,Pancreatic cancer (arrow). All readers identified the lesion in absence and presence of clinical information (Recurrent epigastric pressure and 9 kg weight loss in 4 months.).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005465,"Subpleural bronchial carcinoma in the left lower lobe (arrow). Correctly identified by one radiologist without and by all three radiologists with given clinical information (Pain left hip with radiation into thoracic wall. Limited mobilization, reduced appetite. Obscure lesion of the lung on previous imaging.)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005466,"Aspergillus niger co-infection in COVID-19 ARDS. Bronchoalveolar lavage, soon after endotracheal intubation, showed galactomannan positivity (OI = 5) and direct identification of the mold. The patient already received IL-6 inhibitors and was ongoing dexamethasone. The clinical picture healed after four weeks of voriconazole."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005467,"Positron emission tomography-computed tomography revealed fluorodeoxyglucose accumulation, which was consistent with the mass in the pancreatic tail."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005468,"Endoscopic ultrasound revealed a space-occupying lesion in the pancreatic tail (arrow), and fine needle aspiration revealed many atypical."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005469,"Cholangiogram demonstrating BDS seen with radio-opaque markers with external drain in situ.BDS, biodegradable stents"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005470,"Transabdominal ultrasound of the inflated orogastric balloon (arrow) within the gastric lumen. The orogastric balloon is being pulled against the anterior gastric wall via magnetic gastropexy. An 18-gauge needle (arrowhead) is advanced through the abdominal wall into the orogastric balloon, creating the gastrostomy tract"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005471,Axial CT imaging demonstrating large left hepatic lobe abscess measuring 5.1 x 4.3 x 3.6 cm with pigtail drain in place. A left subphrenic fluid collection with rim enhancement is also visible.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005472,Radiograph demonstrating a basicervical femoral neck fracture
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005473,Representative velocity mapping of ICOSA6 4D flow MRI for in-vivo.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005474," Frontal chest X-ray showing a portacath with left jugular vein approach and demonstrating the unusual course of the catheter in the left hemithorax (arrow), rather than in the right normal anatomical side of the superior vena cava. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005475,"Echocardiographic image showing a chronic, thrombosed aneurysm of left ventricule inferolateral wall."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005476,Head CT scan. CT: computed tomography. The arrow demonstrates increased density in the right basal ganglia
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005477,Cardiac MRICardiac function in recovery phase (ejection fraction of 45%).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005478,Barium swallow of the dilated sigmoid esophagus
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005479,"CT angiography of abdominal aorta revealing a large fusiform aneurysm of the abdominal aorta extending from D12 to L5 vertebral bodies, to the bifurcation, with eccentric, irregular, and largely non-calcified thrombus along the right lateral wall."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005480,Transesophageal echocardiogram showing a tricuspid valve vegetation measuring 5.3 x 5.6 mm
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005481,"Chest CT performed three hours after initial presentation demonstrating small, residual pneumothorax (5%) following pigtail catheter placement"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005482,Case 5: Figure 5. Cine balanced steady state free precession (bSSFP) four chamber. Hypointense regions within the subendocardium (arrows) corresponding to scattered areas of fat deposition
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005483,Case 7: Figure 1. Sagittal single shot bSSFP. Mild subvalvar pulmonary stenosis seen in the setting of a pectus deformity
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005484,Case 8: Figure 1. Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) four chamber at end diastole. Mild asymmetric LV hypertrophy
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005485,Case 10: Figure 1. Short-axis T2 weighted image. Isointense LV assist device felt plug in the LV cavity
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005486,Case 11: Figure 6. Brain MRI T1 SE post gadolinium contrast. Avidly enhancing mass at the anterior left lateral ventricle suspicious of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005487,The CBCT image confirmed the calcification of the buccal canal.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005488,"CBCT image presenting virtual implant positioned through the centre of the buccal root, as canal was nonvisible."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005489,IMAT is calculated using the gluteus maximus and SubQF intensities posterior to the ischial tuberosity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005490,Lateral view showing Leiomyosarcoma compressing on nearby structures as pointed in the arrow.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005491,The CT Scan showing urachal sinus at the umbilicus
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005492,"Sagittal fat-suppressed proton density weighted MRI shows a separation of the posteromedial capsule and the posterior horn of the medial meniscus (ramp lesion, long →) and bone oedema at the posterior medial tibial plateau (thick →)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005493,Renal extramedullary hematopoiesis. Axial noncontrast CT in an anemic patient demonstrates splenomegaly (arrowhead) and multiple right renal masses (arrows). The constellation of findings is suspicious for underlying lymphoma. A biopsy of one of the renal masses shows hematopoietic tissue consistent with extramedullary hematopoiesis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005494,"Axial contrast computed tomography through the level of the heart demonstrates pneumopericardium (blue arrows), with loss of fat plane between the posterior pericardium and esophagus (white arrow). Additionally, a large pericardial effusion (*) is seen, with bilateral pleural effusions and a loculated left pneumothorax."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005495,Photon starvation effect generates a large amount of noise and streaks around metal post and core in the anterior maxillary tooth. Image credit: The authors of the current study.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005496,"Thyroid ultrasound on post contrast day 7 reveals homogeneous and non enlarged thyroid gland measuring Isthmus: 0.2 cm, Right lobe: 2.3 × 4.3 × 0.9 cm Left lobe: 1.3 × 4.3 × 1.1 cm. Echogenicity is within normal limits with no increased vascularity."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005497,"Lines a, b, and c parallel the superior endplates of L1, L5, and S1, respectively. The included angle between line a and line c indicates the measurement of lumbar lordosis. The included angle between line b and line c indicates the measurement of segmental lordosis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005498,Anterograde urography demonstrating urethrorectal fistula.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005499,MRI image showing the left uterine cavity (black arrow) communicating with the cervix and irregular fundus(white arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005500,"Chest radiograph of a three-year-old patient with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children showing diffuse hazy, peri-hilar densities and peri-bronchial cuffing (blue arrows)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005501,Sagittal parameters of cervical spine and depression of the lower margin of the second cervical spine (1: C1-C2; 2: C2-C7;3: T1S;4: Depression of the lower margin of the second cervical spine).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005502,Sagittal lumbosacral parameters (1: SS; 2: PT;3: PI;4: L5S; 5: L5I).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005503,"Transthoracic echocardiogram of apical four-chamber view at admission showing a large amount of pericardial effusion (asterisk) without compression of right side of the heart. LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005504,"Transverse section image of a contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen at level 1–1 (Fig. 1), showing the pancreas’ normal tail (long arrow). Splenic vessels are labelled using arrowheads."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005505,"Transverse section image of a contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen at the level 3–3 (Fig. 1), showing a solitary cyst (arrow) with a non-enhancing wall separate from the intestines."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005506,"Transverse section image of a contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen at the level 4–4 (Fig. 1), showing a solitary cyst (C) with a non-enhancing wall separate from the urinary bladder (B). Iliac vessels are labelled with arrowheads."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005507,Full-field digital mammography showing a small cluster of pleomorphic microcalcifications (arrow) with a biopsy-proven histopathological result of low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005508,Preoperative chest X-ray
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005509,Postoperative chest X-ray
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005510,"Postoperative MRI Sagittal T2. White arrow (site of resected mass), Yellow arrow (Urinary Bladder) Green arrow (Rectum). Blue arrow (Seminal vesicle)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005511,Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (b-factor = 1000 s/mm2) showed multiple tumors in the pancreas with a high signal intensity. Apparent diffusion coefficient map revealed pancreatic tumors with low intensity
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005512,Preoperative enhanced computed tomography image. A mass on the posterior surface of the ascending aorta and main pulmonary artery is shown.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005513,Simple X-rays of the lower limbs: lesions compatible with amorphous calcifications of soft tissues of the external aspect of the mid and lower third of the legs.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005514,A preoperative long-standing anteroposterior radiograph of the lower extremity of a 62 year-old female patient with osteogenesis imperfecta that presented with a 5-year history of pain in the right knee shows a 25° of genu valgum deformity with osteoarthritis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005515,"Cross-sectional chest CT scan showing patchy ground glass opacities with areas of consolidation without crazy paving; indeed, eventual pulmonary embolism cannot be seen with lung window."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005516,Coronal CT reconstruction measuring the largest dimension of mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005517,Sagittal CT reconstruction highlighting location of mass anterior to ascending colon.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005518,Peritoneal thickening with fat stranding
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005519,Collapsed sigmoid colon
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005520,Collapsed descending colon
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005521,Representation of Cameriere method. The numerical value is obtained with the formula (a + b)/h.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005522,XR Right Knee (unremarkable)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005523,Head CT shows thrombosis of the right transverse dural venous sinus (arrow).CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005524,Pulmonary computed tomography angiography image in axial plane showing a proximal bilateral pulmonary embolism.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005525,Echography showing a right ventricular dilatation in apical four-chamber right ventricle focused view of a patient with an acute pulmonary embolism.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005526,"Sagittal, T2-weighted MRI of the cervical spine. Red arrow indicating a hyperintense lesion along the central grey matter extending from lower medulla-T1"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005527,"Transthoracic echocardiography on fourth postoperative day with no detectable masses in any of the chambers. Left atrium appendage is in its anatomical position (*). Arrow is demonstrating repaired atrial septal defect with patch. LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005528,"Axial section CT non-enhanced (lung window), section 60, obtained in the emergency department demonstrating ground glass infiltration. L = Left side, A = anterior, P = posterior, scale = 1cm. Figure 1"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005529,"Bedside X-ray examination of the child after the onset of the operative complications.“→” indicates the subcutaneous emphysema in the bilateral maxillofacial region, neck, scapular area, and bilateral chest and abdominal walls."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005530,Abdominal aortogram: No abnormalities of the abdominal aorta and other arteries.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005531,Mural thrombus or soft plaque on the anterior wall of the infrarenal abdominal aorta.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005532,"Anteroposterior supine chest radiograph in a 13-month-old preterm girl with a history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, treated at a paediatric hospital because of acute viral respiratory infection, who presented with sudden respiratory failure. Black arrow points to the dense opacity in the right upper lung zone which was misdiagnosed as confluent atelectasis accompanying viral bronchiolitis. The lucent linear band along the right side of the heart (white arrow) and the lucent area in the lower mediastinum (asterisk) are possible CXR findings of pneumomediastinum; however, they were not correctly diagnosed on CXR. Interposition of air between the diaphragm and the heart, linear bands of air parallel to the left side of the heart or extension of air along the great vessels into the neck, which are among the more typical signs of pneumomediastinum, were not present on this CXR. Of note, mild left lower lobe atelectasis is also seen. CXR: chest radiography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005533,Axial CT abdomen and pelvis imaging showing an enlarged spleen with evidence of acute segmental infarction with well-defined hypodensities.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005534,MRI thoracic spine with findings of discitis/osteomyelitis involving T5-6 with trace enhancement of the left anterior T5-6 epidural space.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005535,TEE findings noted mitral valve vegetations on the lateral posterior P2 segment (red arrow) and severe mitral regurgitation with systolic reversal of the right pulmonary vein.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005536,Abdominal MRI T2 featuring the high T2 with streaks of low T2 signal of the mass (pointed with a white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005537,CT abdomen prior to cecostomy showing significantly distended colon suggestive of large bowel obstruction.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005538,Follow-up fused transaxial F-18 FDG-PET/CT after six months of antimicrobial treatment showing resolution of abnormal FDG uptake of both middle ears. FDG-PET: fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005539,CT view of thick-walled left-sided colon with rich blood vessels and lymphadenopathy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005540,"Cardiac MRI revealed a severely dilated left ventricle with increased trabeculations within the mid to apical inferior, mid to apical lateral and true apex (highlighted by the red arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005541,Computed tomography chest showing pneumopericardium (blue arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005542,Computed tomography chest showing subcutaneous emphysema (blue arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005543,Chest x-ray showing subcutaneous emphysema (blue arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005544,"Ultrasound Doppler of the right cervical region performed on 6 November 2019: signs of an enlarged right internal jugular vein with heterogeneous echogenic material (a) over its entire height and taken over by collaterals, which led to the diagnosis of a recent thrombosis of the right internal jugular vein; signs of an infiltration and thickening of soft cervical tissue (b); numerous right cervical infracentimetric lymph nodes; no abscess of the soft parts of the sterno-cleido-mastoid muscle (c) was observed."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005545,Chest X-ray revealing patchy ground-glass opacities within mid and lower lung fields.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005546,Follow-up chest X-ray revealing consistent opacities with a right-sided chest tube in place.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005547,An IVU shows a right-sided complete double collecting system with ectopic insertion of the right upper moiety (black arrows). IVU: intravenous urogram.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005548,An MCUG image during voiding.A (black arrow) indicates reflux of the contrast from the urethra into the right ectopic ureter. B (black arrows) indicates bilateral reflux into the proper ureters. MCUG: micturition cystourethrogram.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005549,CT scan of the abdomen. Remarkable for small bowel obstruction with dilated loops of small bowel measuring up to 3.5cm (examples indicated by yellow and blue lines with respective measurements). Fluid levels are seen within the colon (red arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005550,Intraoperative skyline view of right knee showing comminuted fracture mainly at lateral border of patella (arrow) with articular surface depression (asterisk).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005551,X-ray of right knee anteroposterior view at five months follow up.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005552,X-ray of right knee skyline view showing good healing and no signs of osteoarthritis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005553,"Bedside chest X ray showing diffuse interstitial lung disease, affecting predominantly the right upper lobe. The right scissure is well visible. We remark also the blunting of the right costophrenic angle. The mediastinum is not interpretable."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005554,Two PBS were successfully implanted in the left and right hepatic duct
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005555,"Chest radiography shows, on the right fields in the apical and basal areas, a non-specific area of reduced transparency. It also shows signs of interstitial engagement in the para-hilar position bilaterally."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005556,Computed tomographic angiography of the chest (coronal view).Computed tomographic angiography of the chest redemonstrating a large focus of consolidation in the right lower lobe and a 4 cm rounded focal opacity of the left lower lobe with cavitation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005557,AP pelvis inlet view demonstrating a displaced left greater trochanter fracture with two distinct fracture fragments.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005558,"Coronal T2-weighted image showing two isointense lesions (arrow), with hyperintense normal pituitary tissue separating both the lesions."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005559,Computed tomography imaging demonstrating a soft tissue mass (*) extending through the frontal sinus and the right frontal lobe.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005560,MRI spine showing transverse myelitis with mild disc desiccation at L5-SI level
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005561,Chest x-ray – miliary mottling of both lung fields
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005562,Plain abdominal x-ray showing baclofen pump with tubing present intrathecally
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005563,"Solid, enhancing right ovarian mass revealed on magnetic resonance imaging"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005564," Non-contrast CT image of the brain, sagittal view.The labeled hyperdense area is a right-sided intraparenchymal hematoma casting the ventricular system and outlining the details of its anatomy [12]."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005565,Fluoroscopy showing the balloon catheters positioned in the main lumen of the internal iliac arteries bilaterally
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005566,CT with angiography showing hemoperitoneum (white arrow) with possible source of hemorrhage from portosystemic collateral (yellow arrow) in the region of greater omentum and small bowel wall; sagittal view.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005567,"Venogram of glue embolization of branches of superior mesenteric vein, via microcatheter."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005568,"Cranial, caudal lower and upper plate with anterior cortex in sagittal view on both sides"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005569,CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis (sagittal view) showing the upper rectal mass (arrowhead) with ectopic kidney (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005570,MRI pelvis (coronal view) showed upper rectal mass with mesorectal fat involvement (arrowhead) and ectopic pelvic kidney (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005571,Manual segmentation mask of the upper airway and landmarks of the cutting plane to exclude the lowermost area of the nostrils. ANS = anterior nasal spine; Pn = soft tissue Pronasal point
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005572,CT scan image of the patient's abdomen showing enlarged spleen
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005573,On presentation (2 hours post ingestion). Arrow: the endodontic file can be seen in the duodenum at the level of L2/3
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005574,Contrast-enhanced coronal computed tomography image showing tubular enhancing structure along the expected course of right ovarian vein (black arrow) with surrounding fat stranding (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005575,The imaging studies showed residual injury-induced alterations of the lumbosacral spine and pelvis with heavily altered bony anatomy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005576,"Left renal US shows no hydronephrosis, overall unremarkable"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005577,"Baseline PET-CT scan showing lesions in liver (size 2.8 x 2.9 cm, SUVmax = 23.07) and stomach (size 1.9 x 2.1 cm, SUVmax = 13.05).PET-CT, positron emission tomography-computed tomography; FDG, fluorodeoxyglucose; SUVmax, maximum standardized uptake value."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005578,"PET-CT scan after four cycles of pembrolizumab showing complete metabolic response in liver and stomach.PET-CT, positron emission tomography-computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005579, Pre-treatment panoramic radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005580, Post-treatment panoramic radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005581,Power Doppler demonstrates hyperemia in the wall of the appendix (black arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005582,"Power Doppler transvaginal ultrasound shows an appendiceal mucocele as a well-defined, thin-walled cystic mass with pear-shaped morphology with echogenic content and no vascularization."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005583,Ultrasonographic image of ureterocele showing an anechoic cyst (white arrow) within the posterior aspect of the urinary bladder (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005584,"Transvaginal ultrasound shows a transversal view of the uterus (yellow arrow) and a solid mass in the right iliac fossa pointed with white arrows, presenting the ultrasonographic renal characteristics corresponding to an ectopic kidney."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005585,Transvaginal ultrasound shows a pelvic multilocular solid lesion independent from both ovaries in a patient with previous cystic lymphangioma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005586,Cemented left hip hemiarthroplasty.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005587,CT scan of abdomen revealing an umbilical hernia with a small abdominal-cutaneous tract forming (red arrow). CT: computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005588,Axial CT scan with multiple osteolytic lesions.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005589,Sagittal T2-weighted magnetic resonance image showing extent of venous malformation of the left forearm (blue arrows) and hand (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005590,Contrast-enhanced computed tomography image of the abdomen showing paraaortic lymphadenopathy with homogeneous enhancement (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005591,X-ray of the patient's hip
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005592,Intra-operative fluoroscopic image of vertebroplasty for the intravertebral vacuum cleft of the L2 vertebral body.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005593,Showing Radiopaque Foreign Material in Right Periorbital Soft Tissue.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005594,A CT scan demonstrating central cavitation in the superior segment of the left lower lung suggests a septic pulmonary embolism.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005595,23 year old female with PPH not controlled with Bakhri balloon compression and TXA who presented for uterine artery embolization. Angiogram post embolization showed thrombus in the right common femoral artery at the site of arterial access (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005596,"Grey scale sonographic image showing many of the features of PAS, including loss of the retroplacental hypoechoic zone, retroplacental myometrial thickness < 1 mm, and a lower uterine segment echogenic “bulge” (arrows)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005597,Fluoroscopic spot image demonstrates bilateral common femoral arterial access with 6 french sheath with internal iliac artery balloon placement. Note the fetus is visualized within the pelvis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005598,Another case of a known arteriovenous fistula status post Onyx embolization
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005599,Case of a 16 year old patient status post cesarean section with decreasing hematocrit and hypotension. No signs of vaginal bleeding on exam. CT with active extravasation in the region of the right inferior epigastric artery with large rectus hematoma (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005600,X-ray image of the child with congenital upper limb deficiency.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005601,Preoperative computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005602,Post-intubation CXR showing severe bilateral airspace opacities with no evidence of pneumothorax or other pathology.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005603,Contrast media was injected to confirm the culprit nerve root.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005604,Periventricular hyperintensities more prominent near left frontal region
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005605,Pre-operative coronal CT images demonstrating the faecaloma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005606,Chest X-ray showing diffuse interstitial and patchy alveolar opacities
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005607,Post-aspiration chest X-ray demonstrating complete clearance of the effusions. Note the underlying lung shadows compatible with COVID pneumonia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005608,Left pleural effusion at the lung base with tracking along the lateral pleural surface
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005609,Magnetic resonance imaging (T2-weighted image) of shoulder joints showing high signals in shoulder girdle muscles.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005610,Transcatheter bioprosthetic valve leaflet laceration using Bioprosthetic Aortic Scallop Intentional Laceration to prevent Iatrogenic Coronary Artery technique.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005611,"The angle between lines a and b was the sacral tilt angle. The angle between lines b and c was the upper instrumented vertebral tilt angle. CSVL, central sacral vertical line."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005612,Post-operative x-ray of the MINIMA® short stem
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005613,Brain-magnetic resonance imaging (maximal intensity projection) of the patient showing a white matter lesion of 10 × 6 mm in the right frontal lobe.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005614,CECT showed the concentric ring sign.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005615,Image showing use of LVivo application of Vscan Extend™ to calculate EF
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005616,Ultrasound image of oesophagus before paralaryngeal pressure.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005617,Radiographic image showing peri-implantitis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005618,CT scan showing ascites with liver and spleen scalloping
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005619,Contrast injection confirming the catheter position with the tip of the catheter is within proximal right atrium. The hepatic veins are also filled with contrast.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005620,"Female patient, 73 years old, three years of bisphosphonate use. Radiography of femur evidencing atypical fracture of the right femur, simple traits, medial spur, and cortical thickening."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005621,A sagittal image from a non-contrasted chest computed tomography. Note the diffuse calcifications involving the left atrium (black arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005622,"A Lipiodol (iodine) swallow revealed a medium-sized diverticulum at the left lateral aspect of the esophagus, which had developed a fistulous connection with the left lower lobe bronchus."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005623,"Example of cubic ROIs (8×8×8 mm) extracted from a patient. Selected regions are bladder (blue), spongy bones (green), muscle (red), and fat (yellow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005624,Chest x-ray (CXR)CXR Shows complete opacification of the right hemithorax with a marked leftward shifting of the trachea and the heart (black dotted line)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005625,Coronal view of CT abdomen with IV contrast enhancement demonstrating right renal mass with concurrent L1 vertebrae fracture
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005626,Axial view CT Abdomen with IV contrast enhancement demonstrating right renal mass
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005627,CT scan of the neck: coronal view.Arrows show the elongated styloid process.CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005628,Measurement of the maximal transverse diameter and the maximal anteroposterior diameter of the inferior vena cava (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005629,"Coronal view of intussusception.The coronal view above demonstrates a long segment fat density in the lumen, from the proximal transverse colon to the distal descending colon, consistent with intussusception."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005630,DWI showing hyperintense right midbrain infarction.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005631,Susceptibility weighted magnetic resonance imaging showing the multifocal left frontal and parietal cortical infarction.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005632,Radiographic measurements of JSW and mJSW in specialized radiographs.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005633,FDG PET-TC upon 6 months of follow-up showed no signs of infections and no leakage.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005634,"CT scan with contrast of the abdomen and pelvis, coronal view showed laceration through the body of the pancreas and peripancreatic fluid collection."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005635,Axial enhanced computed tomography scan images showed a tumor that had spread to the left erector spinae muscle. The lesion appeared to have a nodular structure including high and low attenuation areas (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005636,Positron emission tomography–computed tomography showed uptake of 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose in the left erector spinae muscle with a maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of 2.8 (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005637,"CT scan (2012), coronal view of enhancing cysts of the native kidneys.Left kidney: inner polar region enhancing mass measuring 4.5 cm (red arrow). Right kidney: inner polar region enhancing mass measuring 8.0 cm (red arrow).CT: computerized tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005638,Anterior–posterior radiograph of the patient's RTS prosthesis at 6 months after implantation. He had no complaints at this time.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005639,"MRI brain T1-weighted VIBE fat-suppressed axial view. Red arrows show optic nerve enhancement involving the entire length of the intra-orbital optic nerve. The classical ""tram-track” sign can be appreciated here.VIBE: Volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005640,Chest computed tomography revealed bilateral bronchiectasis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005641,"Transthoracic echocardiogram revealing the right heart thrombi with broad‐based, adherent stalk (arrow) to the wall of the right ventricle, representative of Type B right heart thrombi."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005642,"Sonographic examination of the right lower quadrant. The appendix is identified within the right lower quadrant (red arrow). The finding is non-compressible and measures approximately 1 cm in diameter. Additionally, there is edema of the wall of this structure."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005643,Follicle rupture
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005644,Transfemoral aortic valve replacement (TAVR)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005645,"PET scan: there is no obvious cervical, supraclavicular, mediastinal, hilar and axillary lymphadenopathy."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005646,"Figure 1: Transthoracic echocardiogram. Transthoracic echocardiogram was performed as a part of preoperative workup prior to surgery. Four-chamber transthoracic echocardiogram shows a prominent crista terminalis (arrow) in the right atrium, which was initially reported as indeterminate, and concerning for malignancy. Further evaluation with CT or MRI cardiac morphology was recommended"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005647, Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography. Middle-esophageal bicaval view of transesophageal echocardiography showed tumor thrombus in inferior vena cava (indicated by yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005648,Ethmoid bulla and the sphenoid sinus—status after a series of 30 physical therapy sessions. (CBCT scan).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005649,"Chest CT scan showing a hydatid cyst, containing multiple daughter cysts, in the right lobe of the liver."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005650,A 71-year-old female with a hydatid cyst of unknown origin. Chest CT showing a peripheral calcified hypodense cyst hydatid (arrow) in the upper lobe of the left lung.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005651,A 61-year-old male patient with a hydatid cyst resulting from contact with an animal. Chest CT showing a hydatid cyst with lobulated contours filling the right atrium (yellow arrow). Additional lesions consistent with hydatid cysts were detected in the lung (white arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005652,"A 28-year-old male patient with a hydatid cyst resulting from contact with an animal. Contrast-enhanced CT of the chest, showing a lobulated lesion consistent with a hydatid cyst (arrow) in the anterior part of the esophagus."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005653,Post-operative plain X-ray with percutaneous nephrostomy and double J stent insertion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005654,Excessive gas shadows in intestines and abnormally located fundus gas on the abdominal radiograph
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005655,MR imaging with T2 weighted coronal section of the orbit without enhancement. Signal alteration in the right optic nerve can be seen
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005656,Thickening of the posterior wall of the cervix with a mass-like signal shadow suggested by MRI. MRI = magnetic resonance imaging.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005657,"Preoperative magnetic resonance image showing focal cortical dysplasia at the insula, frontal and parietal opercula."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005658,"transoesophageal echocardiography short axis view, arrow points to a 10mm /8mm tumour, attached to the non/left commissure"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005659,"Preoperative Panorex showing caries on the 16, 26, 35, 45, 46, and 47, and congenitally missing 35. The 18, 28, 38, and 48 were impacted"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005660,Longitudinal ultrasound view showing the Achilles insertion-regenerated tendon like structure including tendinopathy like features inserted into the calcaneus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005661,Computed tomography image showed the left common iliac vein compressed by the right common iliac artery (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005662,Post-operative axial computed-tomography image of patient 1. The radiopaque cement fills the pseudathrosic parts of the sternum to reduce the pain and a bridge is created for a better stabilization.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005663,Post-operative coronal computed-tomography image of patient 1.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005664,CECT abdomen showing splenomegaly (blue arrows)CECT: contrast-enhanced computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005665,Coronary angiogram demonstrating no significant obstruction in left coronary artery circulation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005666,Coronary angiogram demonstrating no right coronary artery obstruction after nitroglycerin administration
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005667,Mid-sagittal CT image of the head and neck of the mummy of Amenhotep I shows an intact cribriform plate and the preserved desiccated brain rests at the back of the skull. Fractured cervical spine with malrotation of the lower three cervical vertebrae. A linen band of linen treated with resin wrapped the fractured cervical spine and fixed the detached head with the dorsal spine.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005668,Grade 2 osteotomy was recognized with L5/S posterior lumbar interbody fusion on the sagittal computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005669,"MRI of the lumbar spine with contrast showing L2 increased heterogeneity (white arrow), suggestive of metastasis.MRI: magnetic resonance imaging"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005670,CT angiogram of the abdomen showing lesion in the right liver lobe suspicious for hepatocellular carcinoma (white arrows).CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005671,PET scan showing a hypermetabolic area in the right axillary lymph node (white arrow).PET: positron emission tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005672,Chest X-ray on day 2 of admission.We can see that the costophrenic angles on bilateral lungs are obliterated. The chest X-ray indicates mild bilateral pleural effusion. The X-ray was advised after the patient started complaining of dyspnoea owing to her growing ovarian teratoma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005673,CT angiogram with PE protocol demonstrating large left pleural effusion at time of COVID-19 pneumonia diagnosis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005674, The computed tomography scan of the abdomen showed abdominal effusion (white arrow) and shrinkage of the liver (black arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005675,Distended bowel loops of the small intestine.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005676,Measurement of left and right Psoas muscle area (PMA) by manually outlining the psoas muscle perimeter (different patient to Figure 1) on an axial slice obtained as demonstrated in Figure 1. The sum of left and right muscle areas normalized to body surface area yielded PMAi.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005677,Steady-state free precession four-chamber cine view of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging demonstrating an apical obliteration of the right ventricle with a mass-like appearance protruding into the cavity from the right ventricular free wall. Note the pericardial effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005678,Preoperative CT scan showing a large thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) (red dotted line circle) impending rupture. TAA is compressing the pulmonary artery (black arrow) and left bronchi (red arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005679,"Long-axis ultrasound images of the gallbladder with multiple, well-defined hyperechoic foci and posterior acoustic shadowing in keeping with cholelithiasis (arrow)There were no sonographic features of cholecystitis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005680,Coronal heavily T2-weighted half Fourier single-shot turbo spin-echo sequence (HASTE) demonstrates multiple well-defined low T2 signal foci (dashed arrow) representing gallstones within the distended gallbladder with intra and extra-hepatic biliary duct dilation (arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005681,Chest X-ray revealed a slightly increased cardiothoracic ratio.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005682,"Coronal section of thoracic computed tomographic angiography image showing an anatomical relationship between the left pulmonary artery and aberrant left subclavian artery, patent ductus arteriosus, Kommerell diverticulum. (A) Aberrant left subclavian artery, (B) Kommerell diverticulum, (C) patent ductus arteriosus, and (D) left pulmonary artery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005683,Radiography through the nasobiliary tube showed no filling defect in the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts or the gallbladder.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005684,"Suprasternal notch view showing the normal drainage of the right lower (RLPV), left upper (LUPV), and left lower pulmonary veins (LLPV) into the left atrium (LA). The absence of the right upper pulmonary vein (RUPV) is shown with the *, suggestive of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) of the RUPV."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005685,"Right parasternal view showing the anomalous venous drainage of the right upper pulmonary vein (RUPV) into the right superior vena cava (SVC). RA, right atrium."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005686,Postoperative fluoroscopic image of the shoulder (anteroposterior view). Acromioclavicular fracture reduction.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005687,Sagittal view of the proximal Achilles tendon. Point-of-care ultrasound image obtained with a high-frequency linear probe with the probe marker directed cephalad. A large anechoic fluid collection is present between two distinct ends of the ruptured tendon.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005688,Sagittal view of the distal Achilles tendon. Point-of-care ultrasound image obtained with a high-frequency linear probe with the probe marker directed cephalad. An anechoic fluid collection is present just proximal to where the Achilles tendon attaches to the calcaneus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005689,MRV image at presentation. Thrombosis of the left transverse dural venous sinus (black arrow); MRV: magnetic resonance venography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005690,Computed tomography angiogram of the chest at day 3. (arrow shows the emblism).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005691,Chest X-ray showing the presence of solid mass peripherally in the lower lobe of the right lung
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005692,"Pre-lead extraction CT aortogram. The malpositioned pacing lead (brown arrow) is seen in the ascending aorta, traversing across the aortic valve, and into the LV."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005693,Intraprocedural subclavian angiogram. Subclavian arterial angiogram using a Judkins right catheter (white arrow) showing the malpositioned lead in the subclavian artery (red circle). The right atrial lead is also seen in the subclavian vein (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005694,Post-lead extraction angiogram. Subclavian angiogram performed using a Judkins right catheter (white arrow) showed a patent vessel with no vascular complications.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005695,Transvaginal ultrasound showing a niche pregnancy with 6 weeks of gestation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005696,"Sagittal T1w image after lower back pain deteriorated showed a large area of high-density signal (as is pointed by the arrow) at L5/S1 level, which reflected spinal canal infection due to Streptococcus suis"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005697,The contrast enhanced CT scan (year of 2018) demonstrated a slight increase in size of the dumbbell-shaped lesion (cross-section)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005698,"Computer tomography angiogram displaying on transverse view the right solitary kidney with two aneurysms (A & B), mid graft stenosis (C), and hilar stenosis (D)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005699,Axial HRCT thorax image showing ground-glass opacities in subpleural and peripheral regions of bilateral lungs typical for COVID pneumonitis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005700,Cross sectional thoracic CT scan shows bronchomalacia in adult MPS IV.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005701,"Cervical cord stenosis. Sagittal MRI of adult with MPS I demonstrating cervical cord stenosis at C2–C4 and hypertrophied ligament, with effacement of anterior and posterior CSF spaces (red arrows). Also note the abnormal vertebrae at C7 and T1 with degenerative disc and hypertrophied ligament (yellow arrow) causing cervical-thoracic kyphosis and effacement of anterior CSF spaces."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005702,"Abdominal computed tomography (CT) findings. Axial CT image shows a focal fat-density mass (arrow) in the second portion of the duodenum, which indicates lipoma."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005703,Frontal CT section showing the filling of the left maxillary sinus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005704,Echocardiogram post pericardiocentesis showed no pericardial effusion (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005705,Computed tomography scan of the abdomen showing gas (hypodensities) in the hepatic portal system (arrows) secondary to duodenocaval communication.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005706,The panoramic radiograph showing absorption changes in the left mandibular condyle (arrowhead).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005707,Computed tomography showing a bulge with an osteosclerosis was observed from the left mandibular branch to the mandibular condyle (arrowhead).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005708,Brain CT scan showing a 1.4x1.3x1.9 cm heterogeneous mass (green circle) at the right frontal lobe (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005709,"Portal angiography at an outside hospital showing occluded TIPS, patent main portal venous system, 2 covered stents (green arrow), one extension uncovered stent (blue arrow) and a malpositioned portal end stent (red arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005710,Coronary angiography demonstrating resolution after intracatheter injection of nitroglycerin.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005711,Case 1 echocardiogram showing bileaflet mitral valve prolapse in the context of Barlow’s disease.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005712, Contrast small bowel follow-through showing stricture right colon.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005713,Ultrasound scan of the parotid gland shows a linear hypoechoic focus in the superficial parotid gland extending to the subcutaneous tissue
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005714,"44 year old male with acute coccidioidomycosis presenting with fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Axial CT image at the level of the lower chest demonstrates a small pericardial effusion with extensive consolidation at the left lung base"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005715,CECT of the abdomen (transverse section) with thickened intestines suggestive of colitis (arrows)CECT: contrast-enhanced computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005716,"X-Ray shows ulnar deviation of both hands, subluxations of the 1st and 5th MCP joints (white arrows), soft tissue enlargement (green arrow) and absence of bone erosions."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005717,Chest x-ray off ventilator support.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005718,Chest x-ray after ECMO decannulation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005719, Echocardiography parasternal short-axis view at the aortic valve level with color flow doppler showing turbulent flow of PDA (yellow mosaic signals) with left to right shunting.AO: aorta; MPA:main pulmonary artery; PDA: patent ductus arteriosus 
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005720,CECT showing vertical extent of the defect
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005721,Radiograph of a 17-years-old female participant with SAF on both sides (white arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005722,"Measurements were taken in the median sagittal plane of teeth with a simple CBCT: distance from the bone crest to the CEJ (BC-CEJ); gingival thickness (GT2, GT4, and GT6) at 2, 4, and 6 mm apical to the CEJ; labial bone thickness (BT2, BT4, and BT6) at 2, 4, and 6 mm apical to the CEJ."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005723,Left lateral view showing similar presence of gas in the pleural space (arrow 1).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005724,Cranial segment of the left cranial lung bulla in the lung window (arrow 1).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005725,Low density anterior mediastinal mass (white arrow) identified on contrast enhanced CT
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005726,"""Ring of Fire"" on ultrasound"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005727,"Cervical CT cross-sectional scan showing a round cyst cavity filled with air on the left side of the esophagus and the back left lobe of the thyroid. Dorsal hypodense bulbs are visible. CT, computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005728,"Cervical CT cross-sectional scan showing barium residue in the cyst cavity on the left side of the esophagus.CT, computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005729,"Preoperative CBCT assessment. Sagittal slice of tooth #23 confirms apical root resorption with the radiolucent area, 2.15 mm short obturation, and fiber post cemented up to the middle third."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005730,Sagittal CT image showing the extent of airway obstruction caused by the polyp
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005731,(A) Volume rendered and (B) contrast computed tomography in a patient with coarctation and bovine arch.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005732,Brain MRA. MRA showed a total absence of right internal and external carotid arteries as well as left extracranial carotid arteries
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005733,"CT revealed no features of pulmonary infection, liver surface nodularity, mild ascites at Morrison and Douglas pouch with 35–45 HU density, a persistent hypoattenuating in all phases peripheral segment III nodule with active intravenous contrast extravasation (red arrow), dilated vena cava, no signs of portal hypertension, no intraperitoneal varices, and no free intraperitoneal air"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005734, Transthoracic echocardiography showing a giant aortic aneurysm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005735,15-year-old female patient: needle (arrow) found at ileum level
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005736,10-year-old female patient: baby bottle cap at the level of the jejunum (arrow) and secondary ileus appearance
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005737,CT scan demonstrating mild pericardial effusion (white arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005738,CT scan demonstrating splenomegaly (white arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005739,CT before immunotherapy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005740,CT after immunotherapy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005741,CT of thorax showing left-sided pleural effusion and bilateral airspace opacities.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005742,Chest computed tomography. Nuanced peripheral ground-glass opacities (arrow) compatible with very mild COVID-19 pneumonia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005743,First-pass perfusion imaging. First-pass perfusion image showing a decrease intake of contrast-medium in the perfusion segments of the circumflex coronary artery in a 9-year-old boy after the arterial switch operation. The finding were confirmed at invasive coronary angiography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005744,"Aortic root dilation. bSSFP cine image in a vertical long-axis view through the inlet and outlet of the LV demonstrates a significant dilation of the aortic root. Ao  aorta, LA  left atrium, LV left ventricle"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005745," Digital subtraction angiography. A mass of abnormal vessels with random distribution was mainly supplied by branches of the left maxillary artery and partly supplied by the left facial artery, ascending cervical artery and branches of the right facial artery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005746,"High-resolution computed tomography of the lungs (2015) shows numerous, small, well-defined nodules with a perilymphatic distribution and consolidations in the lung periphery (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005747,"Posteroanterior chest X-ray (2017) shows the evident progression of disseminated lung lesions, large opacities, and conglomerate masses in the upper and middle zones with retraction of hila."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005748,Same patient as in Figure 1 and Figure 2: Computed tomography axial scan during evaluation of the placement of the antenna in the target lesion and potential gas bubbles dispersion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005749,CT scan showing the paraesophageal hernia recurrence.Coronal scan showing the intrathoracic hernial sac (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005750,CT abdomen (Case 1)The figure indicates disease stability post 14 months of second-line gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005751,CT abdomen shows newly developed lesions in the liver (red arrows) after 12 months of starting second-line GNP (Case 3).The pancreatic mass showing interval regression (white arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005752,T2*-weighted gradient-echo MRI scan. Scan of a 19-year-old female patient from the ATC group who presented with seizures and was eventually diagnosed with CDMS with positive OCBs and CV-positive lesions in 57% of all lesions. Inside each of the yellow boxes lies a central vein positive lesion with the yellow arrows pointing to central vein.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005753,Chest x-ray demonstrating hyperinflated lungs despite intubation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005754,"A chest x-ray obtained after the patient’s recovery, demonstrating atelectasis and possible consolidation after prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005755, Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in a 10 year old male with a CFTR gene mutation and pancreas divisum demonstrating contrast entering the dorsal pancreatic duct (arrows) from the common bile duct during a balloon occlusion cholangiogram. This occurred due to a fistula between the common bile duct and pancreatic duct secondary to repeated episodes of acute pancreatitis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005756,Transthoracic echocardiography revealing a 1.89 × 2.33 cm mass lesion in the left atrium.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005757,Axial CT image through the upper abdomen shows ascites (white arrow) adjacent to the liver.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005758,Coronal reformatted CT image shows fluid (white asterisk) in the pelvis superior to the urinary bladder (B).There is mild thickening of the superior bladder surface (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005759,Sagittal reformatted CT image from CT cystogram after injection of contrast material through Foley catheter (F) shows rupture of bladder dome (thin white arrow) with extravasation of dense contrast material (thick white arrow) into the peritoneal space.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005760,The targeted osteotomy line around the tip of the fibular head was routinely made on all operations. The osteotomy line above the tip of the fibula can lead to nonunion or condyle fracture
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005761,"Brain magnetic resonance imaging performed before the antibiotic therapy (axial section, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)).DWI shows a focal, isolated, ovoid, hyperintense signal on the splenium of the corpus callosum (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005762,"Brain magnetic resonance imaging performed before the antibiotic therapy (axial section, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging).FLAIR shows a focal, isolated, ovoid, hyperintense signal on the splenium of the corpus callosum (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005763,"Brain magnetic resonance imaging performed one month after the dual antibiotic therapy (axial section, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR)).FLAIR shows the complete disappearance of the splenial lesion."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005764,MRI of breasts showing left retro-areolar lesion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005765,"Contrast enhanced computed tomography cavernosography (maximum intensity projection) demonstrating major venous leakage from deep dorsal penile veins via bilateral periprostatic veins (arrows) draining into internal pudendal veins and bilateral iliohypogastric veins. Of interest, paired deep dorsal penile veins were found (arrowheads)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005766,"Radiographic image post venous leakage embolization using N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate and ethiodized oil mixed in a 1:3 ratio. Note radiopaque embolization material within periprostatic veins (arrows) and internal pudendal vein (open arrow). There is residual contrast staining of both iliohypogastric veins post venogram (asterisk) as also demonstrated in the complementary movie file, not to be mistaken for embolization material. Complementary movie file demonstrating venous embolization performed with a slow but steady injection of embolization material under Valsalva maneuver and continuous fluoroscopic monitoring"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005767,"CT venogram demonstrating presence of venous fibrin sheath (after catheter removal).CT, computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005768,Well-fitting MUTARS® RS cup at the right hip in the pelvis overview
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005769,Pantomograph showing the selection of region of interests (ROI).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005770,Magnetic resonance imaging depicts discitis L4-5 vertebrae (red arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005771,"Fat quantification with the previous ATT algorithm. The yellow rectangle is the region of interest (ROI) for stiffness measurement and the yellow horizontal line indicates the depth of the ATT measurement area in the far field, which is set at 100 mm. The ATT measurement area has a fixed size and the measurement of the attenuation coefficient is given in dB/cm/MHz together with liver stiffness measurement, which is shown both in m/s and kPa. ATT quantifies liver fat content in an areathat has a length of 6 cm and is set at 40–100 mm from the skin. This measurement was taken in a 64-year-old patient with chronic hepatitis C following the protocol for liver stiffness measurement and with a VsN always ≥50%. The attenuation coefficient value is within the normal range."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005772,"The Doppler US image of the right ankle posterolateral aspect of Patient 1, which shows mild internal vascularity."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005773,T2 axial MRI image of the soft tissue lesion over the lateral foot in Patient 2 showing a lesion which is heterogeneous and slightly hyperintense to the muscle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005774,Chest X-ray showing confluent opacities in the lungs bilaterally (right greater than left)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005775,CT chest showing patchy bilateral interstitial and alveolar infiltrate with small bilateral pleural effusion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005776,X-ray demonstrating decreased lung volumes with central bronchovascular crowding and bibasilar sub-segmental atelectasis in addition to several indeterminate lytic lesions of the ribs bilaterally.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005777,"Lymphoscintigraphy of a 35-year-old woman with carcinoma in situ of the left breast showing 2 intense foci of noted 99mTc tilmanocept localization within the left axilla. An intradermal injection (0.4 mL, 0.5 mCi, 3.0 nmol) of 99mTc tilmanocept was administered to the upper left quadrant of the left breast. The SPECT/CT image is a fused sagittal cross section acquired 1 h postinjection, which visualizes a sentinel lymph node (arrow) and the injection site. At 5 h after injection, 3 blue and hot lymph nodes (6724 cps, 1477 cps, 167 cps) were detected at surgery and excised. Pathologic examination revealed 1 histologically positive lymph node (blue with 6700 cps, 1.7 9 1.3 9 0.7 cm) and 2 negative lymph nodes. Figure and legend reprinted by permission from Springer: Annals of Surgical Oncology, Comparative evaluation of 99mtc tilmanocept for sentinel lymph node mapping in breast cancer patients: Results of two phase 3 trials, Wallace et al. 2013 [18]. (Color figure online)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005778,Transthoracic echocardiogram. Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) in apical four-chamber view shows severe concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (arrow). The ejection fraction was 60-65%. All segments contract normally. The diastolic filling pattern indicates impaired relaxation and elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005779,Preoperative chest computed tomography showing severe pectus excavatum (Haller index 4.72: 274/58).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005780,Axial view of the chest CT demonstrating multiple lung cysts
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005781,Radial EUS with arrow pointing to IAS.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005782,"In the right parietal lobe, cerebral infarction and bleeding after a small amount of cerebral infarction may be possible"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005783,A protrusion of the meninges (arrow) through a defect point in the spine on a CT scan in a prone position.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005784,"Second-look ultrasound scan. The transducer was placed in the sagittal plane, between transverse processes (TPs) of the eighth (T8) and ninth (T9) vertebra. Anechoic fluid in the thoracic paravertebral space (TPVS, black points), (T8) presumably indicating the local anesthetic (LA) spread. TP, transverse process of T8 and T9. The TPVS was located between the hyperechoic lines of the superior costotransverse ligament (SCTL, black arrow and stars) and the pleura."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005785,Axial noncontrast CT through the head of the pancreas shows coarse calcifications within the pancreatic parenchyma more pronounced in the head and uncinate process and are also seen in bilateral perinephric fat stranding.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005786,X-ray of the chest at the time of admission showing opacification in the right middle and lower zones.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005787,Ultrasound showing biliary sludge and some peri-cholecystic fluid.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005788,Chest CT (axial view) confirmsing the central ground glass. A small consolidation is evident anteriorly on the right
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005789,Chest CT (coronal view) showing the “atoll sign” or “reversed halo sign” bilaterally (arrrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005790,Preoperative computed tomography (CT) imaging: Case 1. CT images revealing a lytic lesion with a sclerotic rim located in the anteromedial side of the femoral head. The white arrow indicates the direction in which the osteotome was driven
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005791,Preoperative computed tomography (CT) image: Case 2. CT images revealing a lytic lesion with a sclerotic rim located in the anteromedial side of the femoral head. The white arrow indicates the direction in which the osteotome was driven
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005792,"Sagittal MRI of 33-month-old patient with congenital dislocation of spine, lumbar compression, and spinal cord syrinx. MRI magnetic resonance imaging."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005793,Intraoperative fluoroscopic view showing anatomical trajectory of robotically placed screws.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005794,Stenosis measurement of blood vessels in ICA images.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005795,"Differentiation between peripheral and central location of FHN and femoral cartilage damage is shown on a radial image. This is based on a line which is drawn perpendicular to the femoral neck axis. If the lesion is medial/lateral to this line it is referred to as being located central/peripheral, respectively. In this hip peripheral and central FHN (dashed line) was present at the 2 o’clock and at the 8 o’clock position."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005796,Initial anteroposterior radiograph of the right shoulder revealing an anterior glenohumeral dislocation at A&E Department.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005797,MRI STIR imaging showing a Bankart lesion and posterolateral edema of humeral head. The rotator cuff was intact.STIR: Short Tau Inversion Recovery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005798,Three-month postoperative Y-view radiograph revealing anterior shoulder dislocation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005799,"Right lateral thoracic radiographic image of a CKCS demonstrating the radiographic measurements of modified version of vertebral left atrial size (M‐VLAS) performed in this study (kVp 75, mAs 2.5). An initial line (solid line) was drawn from the center of the most ventral aspect of the carina to the intersection between the most caudal aspect of the left atrium and the dorsal border of the caudal vena cava (#). A second additional line (dotted line) was then drawn from the most distal border of the left atrium towards the first line, intersecting it perpendicularly. Two separate straight lines corresponding to the lengths of the first 2 lines were then drawn from the cranial edge of the T4 (*) and summed (2 vertebrae in this example)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005800,Postoperative axial image of abdominopelvic CT (arrow=tumor resected)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005801,RCA cannulation with blocked small branch of the RCA (grey arrow)RCA: Right coronary artery 
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005802,Coronary angiogram of the reperfused small branch of the RCA confirming TIMI 3 flow. TIMI 3: Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction 3; RCA: Right coronary artery 
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005803,Output for the given query object.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005804,"CT scan of CASE‐3 (CO‐RADS = 5). CO‐RADS, COVID‐19 reporting and data system; CT, computed tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005805, Chest computed tomography scan from case 2. Bilateral miliary pattern of involvement best appreciated in the posterior portions of the lower lobes.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005806,Case 5. Figure 1. T2 spin echo mid short axis. Increased signal in the lateral wall is present
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005807,Case 6. Figure 1. Axial chest computed tomography (CT). Bilateral pulmonary consolidations (red arrows) present
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005808,Parathyroid ultrasound showing a hypoechoic nodule (*) on the left side of the suprasternal fossa.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005809, Two-chamber view on transesophageal echocardiogram. Two-chamber view confirming the pseudoaneurysm and flow through the left ventricle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005810,"Superimposed images of the “most protruding TEA section” and “most protruding PCL section.” The yellow line means the “most protruding TEA section,” and the white line means the “most protruding PCL section.” TEA, transepicondylar axis; PCL, posterior condylar line."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005811,Single subpleural consolidation (nodule type)—convex probe.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005812, Cranial MRI of the patient after intracranial hemorrhage.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005813,Mediastinal lesion measuring 5.2 cm (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005814,Mediastinal lesion measuring 1.3 cm (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005815,"T2-weighted lumbar spinal magnetic resonance image showing trabecular compression fracture, multiple vertebrae (L1–5), intact posterior elements, no bulging disk, and no abnormal signal in cord."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005816,Computed tomography scan 1 year after surgery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005817,Ultrasound image showing both the kidneys and ectopia cordis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005818,Mild enhancement is seen in the vertebral endplates at L5-S1 in the region of endplate edema.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005819,PLAX view-vegetation measuring 1.1 cm on the right coronary cusp.PLAX: parasternal long-axis view.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005820,There is a mass in the posterior aspect of the left apex that is inseparable from the pleura. This mass measures approximately 4.4 × 4.3 × 2.8 cm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005821,Computed tomography scan of distal femur (axial view) showing comminuted fragments of medial Hoffa fracture and vertical patellar fracture.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005822,Radiographs of the subject at the screening. Orthopantomography X-ray before treatment (10-year-old).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005823,Radiographs of the subject at the end of the treatment. Orthopantomography X-ray after treatment and a 3-year follow-up period (14-year-old).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005824,Cephalometric tracing (DeltaDent software) before treatment reveals a skeletal class III malocclusion (7-year-old).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005825,Cephalometric tracing (DeltaDent software) after treatment shows a skeletal class I (8-year-old).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005826,Cephalometric tracing (DeltaDent software) before treatment (7-year-old).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005827,Radiographs of the patient at the screening. Orthopantomography X-ray before treatment (8-year-old).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005828,Radiographs of the patient at the screening. Orthopantomography X-ray after treatment and a 3-year follow-up period (12-year-old).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005829,Cephalometric tracing (DeltaDent software) after treatment and a 3-year follow-up period (12-year-old).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005830,A 4.0 × 23 mm Xience Sierra™ stent was placed with simultaneous live intravascular ultrasound-guidance achieved by passing the intravascular ultrasound catheter over the circumflex artery guidewire.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005831,"SBFT obtained three days after the first exploratory laparotomy, showing dilated small bowel at three hours, indicative of persistent SBO.SBFT, small bowel follow-through; SBO, small bowel obstruction"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005832,Magnetic resonance imaging of the chest showing asymmetric effusion of the left sternoclavicular joint with soft tissue edema (white circle)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005833,Chest X‐ray showing right‐sided pneumothorax
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005834,"Several air bubbles are observed in the Psoas muscle, and the intestine is stuck in the lumbar vertebrae fracture."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005835,"Ultrasonographic image of the mass in transverse view. Lateral right is on the left. Arrow: mass, the carotid artery is delineated in the left upper corner of the image with colour flow Doppler"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005836,Barium swallow showing bilateral outpouching of the hypopharynx.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005837,A Chest X-ray on admission (Hospital Day 1) demonstrating pulmonary vascular congestion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005838,"Double angulated reconstruction demonstrating a trifurcation of the left main coronary artery giving rise to the left anterior descending artery (arrowhead), a left median branch (thick arrow), and the left circumflex artery (thin arrow) in a 5-month-old female infant with a tetralogy of Fallot."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005839,Detailed 3D angulated reconstruction visualizing the right main coronary artery (arrow) in a 2-month-old male newborn with Taussig-Bing syndrome.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005840,Postoperative radiograph of the final position of the screws.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005841, Coronal contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan arterial phase image showing replaced right hepatic artery (yellow arrow) arising from superior mesenteric artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005842, Coronal contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan portal venous phase image showing the ileal (yellow arrow) and jejunal branch (red arrow) of superior mesenteric vein and superior mesenteric artery (white arrow) behind and to the right of superior mesenteric vein.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005843,Restaging T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain following 2 months of whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) to 30.6 Gy while continuing systemic treatment with ibrutinib for diagnosed Bing‐Neel Syndrome
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005844,Orthopantomogram showing oblique radiolucent line extending from the extraction socket of the right third molar fracturing the right angle of the mandible (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005845,Postoperative orthopantomogram showing fixation of the superior border and lateral border with miniplates and screws (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005846,"CMR in a patient with extensive anterior MI-four-chamber view. Late Gadolinium enhancement (L), demonstrating anteroseptal and inferolateral transmural MI with microvascular obstruction (M). Extensive late pericardial enhancement (LPE) is demonstrated involving the left ventricle (white arrows), right ventricle (arrowhead), right atrium (dotted arrow), and left atrium (curved arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005847,MRI sagittal T2- and T1-weighted fat-saturated contrast-enhanced image showing a well-defined heterogeneous hypervascular process with marked enhancement (white arrows). The process is surrounded by numerous arterial feeders (black arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005848,Plain abdominal X-Ray with a posteroanterior view and visible penis showed normal findings
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005849,T2-weighted MRIThis figure shows an AVM in the frontoparietal region with several flow voids and a characteristic “bag of worms” appearance (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005850,"Ventro-dorsal radiograph of D6. Note the severely increased abdominal volume, the central gathering of the small bowel loops (black arrows) with fluid opacity at the periphery of the peritoneal cavity (white arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005851,Chest CT scan after complete treatment
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005852,"Axial CT pulmonary angiography showing segmental thromboembolism (red arrow) in the right lower lobe, with angiographic defect exhibiting the customary high-density appearance of thrombi in COVID-19 patients receiving low-molecular-weight heparin at prophylactic dosage. COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019; CT = computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005853,Diffuse parenchymal opacity in the lower lung fields with ground-glass opacities.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005854,"Intraoperative fluoroscopy illustrating infra-renal, abdominal aortic aneurysm prior to graft placement."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005855,"A 15-mm-by-10-mm hypoechoic and calcified gastric subepithelial lesion arising from the submucosa (layer 3), muscularis propria (layer 4), and intramural wall."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005856,Showing the patient thorax CT on the day of hospitalization. CT revealed the patient's thorax was not involved by the disease
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005857,(Patient 2) HRCT chest (noncontrast)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005858,Guidewire-loaded needle in the vein.Triangle pointed at the guidewire-loaded needle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005859,"Chest CT showing interval improvement in ground-glass opacities. CEA 1.8 ng/mL. CT, computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005860,"Preoperative T1-weighted MRI with contrast demonstrating right CPA mass indicated by the red arrow. CPA, cerebellopontine angle"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005861,The cystic structure seen before fine-needle aspiration (FNA) (thick arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005862,"Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) images revealing the wall layers of the cystic structure (thick arrow) is seen after cyst fluid fine-needle aspiration (FNA), which demonstrates that it is not a cyst but a gastrointestinal structure."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005863,"Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the hip revealed bony overgrowth of the lesser trochanter with early cystic formation and a fluid-fluid level, extensive bone marrow edema, extensive adjacent soft tissue edema and hip joint effusion with evidence of synovial thickening and enhancement post contrast administration."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005864,"Magnetic resonance imaging scan (T2-weighted image) showing multiple nodular abnormal signals of the thoracolumbar spine and accessories (see blue arrows), lumbar 3-sacral 1 disc degeneration, and swelling."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005865,CT chest shows a distended esophagus to about 2.5-3 cm with an air-fluid level (blue arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005866,CT chest shows a subcarinal mass-like encirclement of the esophagus with splaying of the carina and mass-effect measuring 7.36 cm x 5.38 cm in its greatest dimensions (blue arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005867,"Right lung branch pulmonary embolism, mainly involved pulmonary artery (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005868,Axial cut: retro-gastric mass in contact with the tail of the pancreas in distinctly hyposignal T2.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005869,"Steady-state free precession four-chamber image demonstrating enlarged left (LV) and right (RV) ventricles. Additionally, increased myocardial thickness in the septal segments (asterisks) and wall thinning of lateral segments of the left ventricle are seen."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005870,Late gadolinium enhancement four-chamber image demonstrating diffuse fibrosis in the left (LV) and the right ventricles (RV).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005871,Repeat Chest X-ray 2 Days After Treatment
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005872,CT Chest 2 Days After Admission
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005873,Chest X-Ray After Thoracentesis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005874,Cervical MRI showing multi-level disc herniation and foraminal canal stenosis at C5-C6 and C6-C7 spine
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005875,Juxta-anastomotic stenosis in AVF.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005876,Dilation in anastomotic site.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005877,Endoscopic ultrasound image of the common hepatic/gallbladder mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005878,"Two biliary endoscopic self-expandable uncovered metallic stents, 6 mm × 80 mm and 6 mm × 60 mm, were placed up to the left and right intrahepatic ducts, respectively."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005879,Axial MRI of lumbar epidural abscess.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005880,Angiography of the pulmonary artery shows contrast medium extravasation (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005881,The segmental artery is embolized with coils (arrow with asterisk)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005882,Post-operative CXR demonstrating appropriate placement of a thoracoscopic tube and improvement of right-hemi-thorax eventration (Red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005883,The patient's magnetic resonance imaging revealed low brain volumes in the anterior temporal lobe and frontal lobes.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005884,The patient's fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography scan showing hypometabolic areas primarily in the left temporal lobe and biltateral frontal lobes.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005885,Axial view of the CT cerebral Venogram demonstrates non-enhancement of the thrombosed Right Sigmoid sinus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005886,"Transoesophageal echocardiogram of massive right atrial thrombus. Transoesophageal echocardiogram in bicaval view of a pedunculated, hypermobile and massive right atrial thrombus extending from the right atrial-superior vena cava junction."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005887,"An axial CT of the distal tibia showing the typical six fracture fragments. A, anterior fragment; AL, anterolateral fragment; P, posterior fragment; PL, posterolateral fragment; C, central die-punch fragment; M, medial fragment; F, fibula."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005888,CT scan demonstrating necrotic level IIA lymph node
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005889,Head CT axial view with contrast.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005890,CT abdomen image of the mass in the transverse cut.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005891,Preoperative image showing the distal tracheal stenosed segment with minimal extension into the right main bronchus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005892,Bronchoscopy bronchogram image showing patent and well-developed tracheobronchial tree 3 months following discharge.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005893,Chest radiograph showing a button battery in the mediastinum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005894,"Chest computed tomography showing bilateral neck subcutaneous emphysema, right bronchial avulsion, tracheal disruption, pneumomediastinum, and a dropped right lung."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005895,Lateral femoral cutaneous (LFC) nerve & local anesthetic in fat pad over fascia iliaca and iliopsoas muscle lateral to sartorius muscle with probe in transverse view (post-block).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005896,Local anesthetic & air seen tracking medially above sartorius muscle in near sagittal view (post-block).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005897,Second brain MRI (FLAIR sequence) showed hyper-intense lesion involving periventricular and subcortical white matter
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005898,A pedunculated mass attached to the pulmonic valve is seen on a transthoracic echocardiogram.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005899,A well-circumscribed and homogenous mass can be seen on transthoracic echocardiogram.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005900,Computed tomography scan of the neck. Sagittal section showing 5.3 cm craniocaudal abnormal material.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005901,CT scan of the abdomen revealing a huge pancreatic pseudocyst.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005902,µCT scan of an implanted guinea pig cochlea. Analysis of the hook position was carried out by visual inspection of the DICOM data using COMET [42]. The yellow points indicate the rotation axis in the 3D reconstruction.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005903,Plate and bone strut overcome the bone bridge between the tip of the stem and the elbow plates.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005904,CT Abdomen with contrast showing splenomegaly.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005905,The ultrasonography findings of a hyper-coiled umbilical cord in case 1.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005906,CT scan showing pulmonary contusion (arrow) in a patient with traumatic fracture of the sternum. Note also the pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005907,CT scan showing a displaced fracture (A) and retrosternal hematoma (B) in the body of the sternum
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005908,"CT scan of a patient who suffered a fall from height, showing a linear fracture in the manubrium."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005909,Positron emission tomography/computed tomography showing abnormal accumulation of fluorodeoxyglucose in the oral mass (maximum standardized uptake value 7.2).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005910,Sagittal multiplanar reconstruction of the symphysis showing 5 midline LF
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005911,Sagittal multiplanar reconstruction of the left mandibular hemiarch showing one lateral LF in the premolar zone (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005912,Complete root canal treatment of tooth 21After completion of single-visit root canal treatment of tooth 21.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005913,Radiographic evaluation of tooth 21 after 18 months of fragment reattachment
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005914,"Computed tomography of chest showing pulmonary nodule. Even with the growth of nodule from its first diagnosis, it retains the non-cavitary and non-calcified features. The peripheral location of the nodule in the basilar segment of the left lower pulmonary lobe is appreciated."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005915,Ultrasound-guided microwave ablation was performed and electrodes were placed inside the tumor (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005916,Whole body PET CT image with CT section of tumour (white arrow head is showing the tumour).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005917,"3D coronal plane of uterus with assessments: interostial line (measurement 1); a parallel line along the serosal surface (measurement 2); uterine wall thickness (measurement 3) and septal indentation length. This uterus is not septate, but may be classified as arcuate uterus, which has no clinical relevance based on the recent ESHRE and ASRM guidelines."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005918,Cephalometric characteristics of a patient affected by acromegaly. Note the significant enlargement of sella turcica.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005919,"Pyloric stricture that has been crossed by the wire, and the wire was placed in the stomach and was dilated via a balloon.Imaging modality: Fluoroscopy.The arrow indicates the balloon used to dilate the stricture prior to stent placement."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005920,"Using an abdominal trans-gastric wall approach a stent was placed, which showed a very tight waist.Imaging modality: Fluoroscopy.The arrow indicates the narrowest part of the gastric outlet after the initial stent placement."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005921,Subcostal image demonstrating flow from tricuspid regurgitation entering the inferior vena cava and hepatic.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005922,Apical 4 chamber view showing anterior displacement of the septal leaflet along with a significant coaptation defect between the septal and anterior/posterior tricuspid valve leaflets.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005923, Abdominal and pelvis computed tomography. Computed tomography scan of abdomen and pelvis showed mural thickening and exudation surrounding the ascending colon (orange arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005924,Transthoracic echocardiogram (parasternal long-axis view) revealing increased left ventricular wall thickness and speckled myocardium suggestive of cardiac amyloidosis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005925,Bilateral hyperintensity in basal ganglia more on the right side.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005926,Sagittal ultrasonographic image of the diaphragm with motion (M)-mode display showed the measurement method for diaphragmatic excursion (DE; arrow). DE is the different distance of diaphragm between the peak inspiration (I) and the peak expiration (E).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005927,: Chest x-ray showing pulmonary edema on the patient’s second admission
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005928,abdominal X-ray showed prominent small bowels with thickening bowel wall (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005929,Chest x-ray showing a radiopaque image at the left side of the cardiac silhouette from the second to seventh costal arc and deviation of the airway to the right side without pleural effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005930,CT imaging with 6.6 cm aneurysm of the ascending thoracic aorta without dissection. Large pericardial effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005931,"Parasternal long axis view of the heart, demonstrating a dilated aortic outflow tract measuring 6.62 cm during diastole. Normal size of the aortic outflow tract is less than 4 cm."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005932,Orthopantomograph shows grossly carious mandibular left 1st primary molar (74)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005933,CT head shows calcifications in choroid plexus of the brain
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005934,Coronal contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis The white arrow shows abrupt cut-off of the cystic duct suggestive of gallbladder volvulus
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005935,"Measure of the Critical Shoulder Angle in a true anteroposterior (AP) view of the shoulder, between a line connecting the superior and inferior margins of the glenoid and another line connecting the inferior margin of the glenoid with the inferolateral aspect of the acromion"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005936,T2 weighted Contrast enhanced MRI showing lesion (asterisk) & loss of fat planes with parotid tissue (black arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005937,Fluoroscopic Image With Open Arms of the Endomyocardial Biopsy Forceps Sampling the Left Atrial Mass
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005938,The coronary angiogram (antero-posterior view) shows the correct position of the distal pump inside the left ventricle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005939,T2 MRI transverse axial image depicting giant Tarlov cysts
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005940,Magnetic resonance imaging showing ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in a mouse model of thoracic-to-lumbar spine measurement of bone morphology indicates that these genetically engineered mice are in a state of dynamic bone ossification
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005941,Computed tomography scan showing a left perihilar cystic lesion near the lingula.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005942,Computerized tomography examination showing a mass located in the posterior segment of the right upper lobe of the lung.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005943,Panoramic radiograph demonstrated multiple odontogenic cysts (yellow arrows) in the maxilla and mandible.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005944,Axial unenhanced computed tomography image of the brain revealed extensive calcifications of falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005945,Pre-operative chest X-ray showed an abnormal mass in the left hilum region (arrowheads)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005946,Lateral chest X-ray showing the three prostheses and the CardioMEMS device.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005947,Preoperatory panoramic radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005948,"Axial T2W MR image shows a deep endometriosis (DE) plaque in the posterior uterus with adhesions that extend from the torus uterus, invading the wall of the rectum and promoting retraction and medialisation of the left ovary that contains endometrioma (E). Bowel-invasive endometriosis of the rectum is also present with a “mushroom cap” lesion. U: Uterus, E: Endometrioma, R: Rectum, DIE: DE plaque."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005949,Ultrasound with irregular masses in the right and left lobes of the liver.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005950,CT imaging notable for 6 cm multi-cystic partially enhancing mass (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005951,"CTA with and without contrast demonstrating no pulmonary embolism, pleural effusions with bilateral basilar atelectasis or consolidation (demonstrated by grey arrows), stable pericardial effusion (demonstrated by black arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005952,Semi-automated segmentation of contrast enhanced CT of the liver into left and right lobes
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005953,Retinal detachment shown in the ultrasound examination.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005954,Coronal image of “T sign” representing UCL rupture. Patient consent was obtained for permission to use this image.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005955,"final heartbeat; dense amorphous echogenic material fills the entire LV chamber; this represents hemostatic instantaneous coagulation on echo, HICE, a no-flow state with a complete absence of electrical and mechanical activity"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005956,Cross-sectional CT showing pericardial mass measuring 110.5 x 70.6 mm. Pleural plaques are present on the inferior aspect of the left lung.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005957,Axial slice CT scan showing lingular nodule that provided tissue diagnosis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005958,FDG-PET CT showing pericardial mass and effusion. FDG: fluorodeoxyglucose; PET: positron emission tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005959,Normal left ventricular systolic function with ejection fraction of 55%Normal left ventricular internal diameter end-systole of 3.7 cm (normal 2-4 cm) on first admission for asthma exacerbation.LVIDs: left ventricular internal diameter end systole; ESV: end-systolic volume; EF: ejection fraction; SV: stroke volume; LA: left atrium; LA Diam: left atrial diameter
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005960,"An enhanced computed tomography scan of the chest was performed to evaluate shortness of breath and chest pain. This shows partial ectopia cordis with right ventricular outflow tract herniation. The heart is seen extending through a midline defect in the sternum and lying outside the thorax, covered only by the skin. Atrial septal defect is also noted"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005961,A 27-year-old male admitted to an isolation ward with COVID-19 pneumonia. Portable chest radiograph shows fibrosis and cavitation in the apical segment of the right upper lobe. Further bilateral right lung and left lingular air space opacities are noted. Brixia score: 15.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005962,Chest radiograph showing large cavitary lesion in the right upper lung with right hilar mass (blue arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005963, Enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen/pelvis showing a large preperitoneal mass joined to the uterus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005964,Coronary angiography with injection into penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005965,"Diffuse heterogeneous enhancing soft tissue lesion is seen studded over omentum measures 182.71 X 63.44 mm describing ""omental cake"""
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005966,46-year-old woman with FIGO stage 1 vulvar adenoid cystic carcinoma of the left Bartholin gland. Axial PET-CT shows an intensely FDG-avid soft tissue mass (arrow). There was no evidence of lymphadenopathy or distant metastases (not shown). The pathologic staging was pT. 1b N0 M0. The mass was excised and the patient subsequently received radiation therapy with chemosensitization
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005967,Measurement of cervical sagittal alignment on radiographs. SVA: C2-7 sagittal vertical axis; C2-7: cervical lordosis; O-C2: occipito-C2 lordosis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005968,Contrast-enhanced axial abdominal pelvis computed tomography image showing bilateral hydronephrosis and bilateral fat infiltration in the perirenal space (thick arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005969,X-ray (sagittal view) of the lumbar spine (Pat. No. 10).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005970,Anteroposterior chest X-ray of case 2 showing multiple airspace inhomogeneous opacities are noted on both lung fields as seen in the arrows.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005971,Anteroposterior chest X-ray of case 3 showing increased Broncho-vascular markings
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005972,The needle in front of L5 out of plain technique.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005973,Distribution of the dye at AP view fluoroscopic guidance.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005974,Spread of the dye in lateral view fluoroscopic guidance.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005975,Transverse image of large retropharyngeal abscess with rightward mass effect on the trachea and severe glottic compression White Arrows: Large retropharyngeal abscess Grey Arrow: Tracheal displacement 
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005976,Transverse image of pre-platysmal abscess and a large retropharyngeal abscess measuring 6.67 cm x 4.28 cm in the transverse plane with rightward mass effect on the trachea White Arrow: Large retropharyngeal abscess measuring 6.67 cm x 4.28 cm. Grey Arrow: Rightward mass effect on the trachea 
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005977,Cervical spine X-ray AP view performed at 2 months of age showing the extensive segmentation-fusion anomaly involving the cervical spine (white arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005978,Optic nerve glioma arises in the optic nerve. Blindness may occur in approximately 5% of the patients.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005979,"Nodular plexiform neurofibromas, originating from the trigeminal nerve (zygomaticotemporal nerve of V2), exhibit well-demarcated margins."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005980,A positron emission tomography scan shows a large malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor in the left cheek of the patient who has neurofibromatosis type 1 involving the entire face.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005981,"Initial CT of the abdomen and pelvis with contrast, coronal view. Impressions: 1) There is an 8 x 8 x 10 cm irregular enhancing hypodense lesion occupying a large portion of the left hepatic lobe. Multiple gas pockets are also present. This finding is concerning for intrahepatic abscesses. 2) 3-mm linear hyperdensity in the region of the duodenal bulb/pylorus that appears to extend through the superior wall into the left hepatic lobe. This may be an ingested foreign body with perforation, causing the intrahepatic abscess. 3) Layering debris in the gallbladder suggestive of stones/sludge. CT: computed tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005982,"Strain elastosonography frame in a case of right parietal GBM (case no. 3). Elastosonography gives information about the stiffness of the tissue, and it is revealed through a chromatic scale. Red spots are representative of softer zones (necrotic areas); blue spots are representative of harder zones (brain–tumor interface and brain parenchyma). The core of the lesions appears to be softer than surrounding normal brain parenchyma. White arrow: GBM. Yellow arrow: surrounding normal brain parenchyma."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005983,Postoperative anteroposterior radiograph after implantation of the left THA
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005984,Post-operative pelvis radiograph showing the revised acetabular component 2 mm larger than the explanted Maxera cup. Modular cup with ceramic acetabular bearing (40 mm) and supplemental fixation with 2 screws
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005985,"Non contrast computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis, coronal plane.There are bilateral dilated renal calcyes, each filled with calculi. A semilunar shape of the calyces along with their high number compared to a normal kidney can be seen. Renal parenchyma appears to be conserved in contrast to classical staghorn calculi."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005986,Post-operative plain film of the abdomen.Decreased stone burden in each renal pelvis is demonstrated.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005987,CT of the abdomen shows right inguinal lymphadenopathy which was biopsied (October 2020).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005988,"CT signs of pulmonary edema: ground-glass opacification, peribronchovascular bundle thickening, interlobular septal thickening and pleural effusion."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005989,Left Ventricle (four-chamber view on echocardiogram)LV: left ventricle; RV: right ventricle; LA: left atrium; RA: right atrium
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005990,Mitral Regurgitation (four-chamber view on echocardiogram)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005991,"Postoperative T1 weighted MRI with contrast inversion prepared gradient echo coronal section of the brain and cryolesion. A large, well-defined lesion (blue arrow) is seen cranial to the right ventricle with a thin contrast enhancement peripherally. From the burr hole and into the cryolesion, a wedge-shaped lesion (yellow arrow) is seen, which is compatible with the spongostan used to close after the procedure."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005992,"Coronal section of noncontrast magnetic resonance imaging of the orbit, neck, and face reveals bilateral paragangliomas at both carotid bifurcations."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005993,Hypoglossal artery (black arrows) arises from the right internal carotid artery (outlined white arrow). The right external carotid artery is indicated by the black arrowhead.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005994,The anatomy of the wrist.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005995,Transesophageal echocardiogram image demonstrating a coronary artery aneurysm of a branch from the right coronary artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005996,"Computed tomography demonstrating fusiform aneurysm of the ascending thoracic aorta. Electrocardiogram-gated computed tomography of the thorax with intravenous contrast demonstrating fusiform aneurysm of the ascending thoracic aorta, measuring up to 5.7 cm × 6.5 cm in greatest dimension."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005997,CT Scan of the chest shows a minimally enhancing lesion measuring 3.3 × 3.2 cm with lobulated margins(as indicated by an arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005998, Abdominal B-ultrasound showing the liver was on the left side and the spleen on the right. PV: Splenic vein; HV: Hepatic vein.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_005999,"X-ray showing the heart is on the right side of the chest, with the apex to the right."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006000," Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showing SV with anatomical left ventricular morphology, SA and common atrioventricular valve (arrow). SV: Single ventricle; SA: Single atrium. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006001,CT of the head showing areas of patchy low attenuation in the white matter of both cerebral hemispheres.CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006002,MRI brain scan showing increased FLAIR signal in the cortical sulci of the right parietal lobe (arrows).MRI = magnetic resonance imaging; FLAIR = fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006003,Coronal plane of abdominal CT. The encircled area shows the presence of a thrombus in the left ovarian vein.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006004,"Glenoid version was measured as the angle between the line connecting the medial tip of the scapular spine and the center of the glenoid fossa and the line drawn tangential to the glenoid rim on the axial image. First, a line is formed by connecting the medial tip of the scapular spine and the center of the glenoid fossa. Second, a line is drawn perpendicular to the first line. Third, a line is the tangential line to the glenoid rim. Asterisk shows the glenoid version as the angle between the second and third lines."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006005,"Coracoglenoid angle was measured as the angle between the line tangential to the glenoid rim and the line projecting from the anterior edge of the glenoid to the coracoid tip on the axial image. First, a line is drawn tangential to the glenoid rim. Second, another line is formed by connecting the anterior edge of the glenoid to the coracoid tip. Asterisk shows the coracoglenoid angle as the angle between the first and second lines."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006006,"Axial coracoacromial inclination-glenoid version (CA-GV) difference was measured as the angle between the line connecting the axial projection of acromion tip and coracoid tip and the line drawn tangential to the glenoid rim on the axial image. The repoints are used to figure axial projection of the acromion at the level of the coracoid tip. First, a line is drawn from the tip of projected acromion to the coracoid tip. Second, another line is drawn tangential to the glenoid rim. Asterisk is the angle between the first and second lines as the axial coracoacromial inclination-glenoid version difference."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006007,"Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) (pre-deploy). Mid-esophageal long-axis view. Preprocedural examination shows trivial mitral regurgitation. The aortic valve was highly calcified, and transaortic valve color flow Doppler ultrasound shows a mosaic pattern of blood flow"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006008,Chest X-ray after insertion of a chest drainage tube showing resolution of the pneumothorax.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006009,septic pulmonary embolus (arrow) chest CT scan
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006010,transthoracic echocardiography showing severe tricuspid regurgitation on apical four chamber view
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006011,"MRI of the brain - FLAIR T2 sequence - diffuse changes in the periventricular and deep subcortical white matter. Change in signal intensity with hyperintense areas and lesions in FLAIR T2 sequence located in periventricular white matter, semivowel centers and subcortical white matter of both cerebral hemispheres."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006012,Final panoramic radiograph
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006013,Short-axis view of TEE showing large vegetation attached to the anterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve (arrow)TEE: transesophageal echocardiogram
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006014,Apical view of TTE that shows a dilated right ventricle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006015,Plain film radiography of the pelvis showed moderate bilateral hip osteoarthritis (stars) and chronic erosive changes in the sacroiliac joints (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006016,Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen showing hypodense pyramidal wedge-shaped defect consistent with splenic infarcts (black arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006017,"Thrombophlebitis of the superior mesenteric vein and draining mesenteric branches. SMV, superior mesenteric vein."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006018,Transjugular intrahepatic portosysetmic shunt procedure performed with fluoroscopy
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006019,Gastrografin swallow study showing gastric outlet obstruction with mild gastroesophageal reflux as seen on fluoroscopy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006020,Magnetic resonance angiography demonstrating patent basilar artery and posterior cerebral arteries.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006021,"Chest CT scan with contrast.Chest CT scan with contrast showing mild right-sided apical paraseptal blebs, red arrows."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006022,Chest x-ray after tube thoracostomy.Chest x-ray confirms good left-sided chest tube placement with improvement in left-sided hydropneumothorax.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006023,"Chest x-ray on hospital day four.Chest x-ray on hospital day four showing new small left apical pneumothorax, the red arrow points to small left apical pneumothorax."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006024,Chest x-ray done four days after discharge.Chest x-ray done four days after discharge showing only a persistent small left pleural effusion (red arrow) with no more left-sided pneumothorax.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006025,Computed tomography showing multiple cervical lymphadenopathies. Orange arrow showing lymphadenopathies
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006026,"Pipkin II, Chiron 4C: neck fracture."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006027,"AP view; dislocated head: Pipkin 1, Chiron 3A."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006028,A CT-venogram of the head showing extensive acute dural sinus thrombosis (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006029,A CT pulmonary angiography.A) Bilateral patchy consolidation denoting an active infection. B) Mild pleural effusion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006030,"This cross section is located at 1 cm proximal to the distal tibial plafond. Line AB is the tangent line to fibular incisura, and point C is the deepest point of the fibular incisura; through point C, a vertical line is made and intersects line AB at point D, and line CD is the depth of the fibular incisura."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006031,Fluoroscopic guidance of esophagogastroduodenoscopy during the removal of a safety pin.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006032,"An anteroposterior X-ray in a 78-year-old lady. As opposite of the previous case, note the anatomical reduction of the quadrilateral plate that led to fracture healing without the further development of the osteoarthritis"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006033,PET CT scan of the chest with intensely hypermetabolic necrotic mass in the anterior left upper lobe (Blue arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006034,Right lateral fluoroscopic image showing double balloon valvuloplasty of severe pulmonic stenosis in case 1
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006035,"Atrial septal aneurysm (ASA), also known as foramen ovale aneurysm, aneurysm of septum primum, and redundant septum primum flap, is usually diagnosed when the foramen ovale flap is hypermobile, extending at least halfway across the left atrium, in a balloon appearance. To measure this hypermobility, the atrial septal excursion index (ASE index) can be calculated as the ratio between the maximum displacement of the atrial septum and the left atrium transverse diameter [1]. The exact prevalence of fetal ASA is not known. Most cases go unreported since this finding is isolated and the evolution uneventful. A more accurate depiction of its prevalence can be extrapolated from newborn series: from 1072 consecutive echocardiograms performed in the early postnatal period, the prevalence of ASA was 7.6% and went up to 11.1% in preterm newborns [2]. Fetal ASA is considered a benign finding, just a transitory phase in the natural history of foramen ovale closure [3,4]. Even though it has a high-resolution rate, ASA should be followed-up prenatally due to its possible complications: fetal cardiac arrhythmias and left ventricle (LV) inflow obstruction. Coarctation of the aorta was also sometimes observed alongside ASA, but there is no known association between these two conditions [1]. ASA-associated arrhythmias consist mostly of premature atrial contractions (PAC), which can sometimes progress to supraventricular tachycardia [5,6,7]. If the foramen ovale flap is very redundant, it can make a cyclical contact with the mitral valve and even protrude in the LV, thus obstructing its inflow. This obstruction can progress to LV hypoplasia and aortic arch hypoplasia [8,9,10]. However, the outcome is usually favorable even in such cases, due to the hemodynamic changes brought about by the first breaths of the newborn. The postnatal normalization of cardiac structures could be explained by the increased pulmonary venous return, which in turn increases the left atrium filling and normalizes the atrial septal position [8], thus correcting the LV preload and output and eventually leading to a normal filling of the aorta. The possibility of changing fetal cardiac physiology was also demonstrated in a small series of ASA cases associated with left heart hypoplasia, where short-term maternal hyperoxygenation induced immediate changes in LV geometry and promoted an anterograde flow through the aortic arch [1]. After birth, ASA is associated with a higher risk of incomplete foramen ovale closure [2], so postnatal echocardiography is formally recommended. Although it is not uncommon to find an ASA in the third trimester, especially with advancing gestation [11], to our knowledge, it has never been reported in the second trimester. We present two cases of ASA diagnosed in the second trimester, and their follow-up in the third trimester. The progression to left heart hypoplasia in one of our cases is a good illustration of how structure fits function—a small LV preload can lead to a decreased LV output, which in turn will end up in a hypoplastic LV and hypoplastic LV outflow tract, but physiological functional changes in the newborn circulation can restore normal cardiac structure. Therefore, during prenatal counseling of suspected LV/aortic arch hypoplasia, one must keep in mind obstructive ASA as a differential diagnosis since the outcome is almost always spontaneously favorable after birth. The first case is of a 33-year-old G4P1, without priors, that presented at 22w3d for her second trimester screening scan. The ultrasound showed a balloon appearance of the foramen ovale flap (ASE index = 0.82), with normal LV inflow. The atrial septal aneurysm was followed up in the third trimester, without notable complications (no PACS, no LV hypoplasia). A healthy baby girl weighing 3750 g was delivered vaginally at 39w. Six months after birth, incomplete closure of the foramen ovale was demonstrated on echocardiography, in the form of a 2 mm interatrial communication. ASE index, atrial septal excursion index; LV, left ventricle; PAC, premature atrial contraction."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006036,Axial CT image showing ectopic pancreatic tissue (white arrow) located in front of the pylorus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006037,"MRI of the head. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) did not show any evidence of edema, hemorrhage, infarct, hydrocephalus, or neoplasm."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006038,Ultrasound image displaying an endometrial thickness of 3.5 mm with normal adnexa.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006039,Computed tomography (CT) of the thorax displaying enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes (green arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006040,Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen displaying evidence of splenomegaly (green arrow) with a measurement of 15.4 cm (orange arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006041,MRI showing a small hyperintense lesion in the left frontal cortical region.MRI: magnetic resonance imaging
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006042,"Esophagography after the initial operation. Right anterior oblique view. The residual esophagus is twisted at the height of the aortic arch, blocking the passage of barium"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006043,Transthoracic Doppler US showing blood flow across the ventricular septal defect
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006044,Posterior wall of glenoid fossa measurements: PF1—At distance 3 mm from superior point of fossa; PF2—At distance 5 mm from PF1; PF3—At distance 6 mm from PF2; PF4—At distance 3 mm from PF3.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006045,Panoramic-like view of cone-beam computed tomography showing bilateral partial septa.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006046,"52 years-old patient, male, the lesion located in right middle lung. The area inside the red line represents the ROI for the tumor."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006047,X-ray of abdomen indicating intestinal obstruction.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006048,Axial CT scan of abdomen showing an intraluminal lesion in the ileocecal junction (red arrow) and dilated proximal small bowel loops.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006049,B-scan ultrasonography showed vitreous opacity and multiple loculations in the posterior chamber
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006050,X ray of the right knee.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006051,X-ray on day 3 post-fracture.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006052,X-ray imaging of the patient on the 17th day post-fracture.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006053,X-ray 1.5 years post-fracture.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006054,CT of the chest without contrast with no specific findings
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006055,Plain Chest X-Ray of 68 years old woman with mediastinal angiolipoma. Plain Chest X-Ray showed a right paratracheal mass (arrows) with a well-demarcated lesion attached to the mediastinal cage.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006056,Ultrasound image showing the snow storm appearance of the molar tissue.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006057,Plain CT taken when the patient was transferred to our hospital for abdominal pain; the cystic lesion had increased in size (arrowhead) and showed intussusception.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006058,"A line is drawn from the olecranon to the metaphysis of the distal end of the ulna. The maximum vertical distance from the straight line to the dorsal edge of the ulna is the maximum arcuate distance of the ulna and is recorded as MUB (H), A is the distance from the olecranon to the epiphysis of the distal ulna, and B is the distance from the position of the maximum arcuate sign to the epiphysis of the distal ulna. The maximum bow ratio is recorded as R-MUB (H/A), and the position of the maximum bow distance is recorded as P-MUB (B/A)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006059,"Preoperative heart CT scan. The CT image shows the origin of the RCA from the left coronary sinus with an interarterial course (arrow).CT, computed tomography; AO, aorta; LCA, left coronary artery; RCA, right coronary artery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006060,Computed tomographic scan where the anterior displacement of the polyethylene’s metallic marker and the contact between the tibial and talar components can be seen in case 1.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006061,Chest radiograph showing minimal left-sided pleural effusion (star)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006062,X-ray of the chest after insertion of the pleural catheter (arrow).The figure was generated entirely for this publication and gained agreement from the patient to post it.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006063,Riedel's LobeAbdominal computed tomography (CT) scan without intravenous contrast medium. The Riedel’s lobe appearing as a tongue-like projection of the right lobe’s inferior border of the liver is highlighted (black arrow).  
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006064,"Supernumerary kidney. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan without intravenous contrast medium. The supernumerary kidney is located on the left, caudally to the left normal kidney (black arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006065,Contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen demonstrating a soft tissue density at the duodenojejunal junction (red arrows) and a dilated stomach (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006066,"Fluoroscopy with contrast in left bundle branch (LBB) pacing. In this left anterior oblique view at 40°, the LBB pacing lead is visible screwed into the interventricular septum. Dotted line: right ventricular surface of the septum. At a depth of > 10 mm, it captured the proximal LBB. Upgrade in a patient with chronic failure of the left ventricular lead implanted via the coronary sinus (CS). RA right atrial lead at the high right atrial septum, RV right ventricular lead at the mid right ventricular septum"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006067,Measurement of patella shift with the method described by Metsna.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006068,"Measurement of the patellar facet angle with the method of Christiani. Additionally, the image shows an example of possible difficulties in determination of patellar facet tangent, in this case due to bony superimposition at the medial facet."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006069,"Early liver ultrasound (US) performed to find a source of sepsis in a 52-year-old female suspected to have developed intraabdominal sepsis. Visualized here are: normal-sized liver, punctuated hyperechoic foci with anti-gravitational distribution (yellow arrows) casting acoustic shadows (red arrows). Due to characteristic appearance on liver US, the most likely diagnosis was hepatic portal venous gas (HPVG) [1,2]. Other less likely diagnoses were: pneumobilia due to cholangitis, hepatic micro-abscesses, and punctuate calcifications. Hepatic portal venous gas detected by US following liver transplantation or in suppurative cholangitis were described previously [3,4]. Although presence of mesenteric ischemia and gas in the portal venous circulation was previously revealed with computed tomography [5,6], in our case early abdominal US was performed, what expedited definite diagnosis and targeted treatment: choice of empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics and explorative laparotomy. This is the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that HPVG was visualized with US in the setting of acute mesenteric ischemia."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006070,ultrasound sonography test (USG) showing empty renal fossa with non-visualisation of right kidney; multiple varied sized cysts in liver parenchyma
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006071,"Representative coronal plane enhanced computed tomography image from a 67-year-old female patient with intermittent fever and progressive epigastralgia for the previous 5 days, showing a typical-looking inflamed gallbladder (arrow) with marked distention and wall thickening."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006072,Apical five-chamber view with apical ballooning of the LV (white arrows) seen with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. LV: left ventricle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006073,"Severe acute exacerbation of hepatic vena cava syndrome: A recent large thrombus (T) and an older, organized thrombus (OT) can be seen in a stenosed inferior vena cava (IVC) with thick posterior wall at the site of hepatic vein opening resulting in hepatomegaly and ascites from hepatic venous outflow obstruction. The peritoneal wall is thick, indicating the presence of chronic peritonitis.ASC: Ascites; HV: Hepatic vein; PV: Portal vein."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006074,"Computed tomography image of the chest showing bilateral dense consolidations and right-sided pleural effusion in 77-year-old man with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 who was later found to be co-infected with Bordetella hinzii. A, anterior; P, posterior"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006075,"CT of the abdomen/pelvis with contrast showing large amount of fluid surrounding the pancreas (yellow arrows) in the retroperitoneal space, indicating acute pancreatitis. Fatty liver is present."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006076,CT abdomen/pelvis with contrast showing fat stranding and fluid around the pancreas with pancreatic necrosis (red arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006077,Measurement of the articulotrochanteric distance on supine anteroposterior radiograph of the hip. Articulotrochanteric distance difference was calculated as healthy side minus the involved side.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006078,Peripheral ground-glass infiltrates in the lungs from COVID-19 pneumonia
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006079,Frontal chest radiograph obtained at presentation shows left lung base pleural based opacity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006080,Coronary angiogram with left anterior descending artery dissection and intramural haematoma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006081,Computed tomography of the chest with contrast. Anterior segment of left lower lung lobe consolidation (red arrow) with central necrosis and  formation of multilocular cystic cavitation(blue arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006082,Arrow: A 6 mm heterogeneous lymph node with irregular border located at 2 o’clock within the mesorectal fat.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006083,Sagittal CT scan showing massive splenomegaly and splenic hypodense lesions.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006084,Chest x-ray of tension pneumothorax: Large right-sided tension pneumothorax causing deviation of the mediastinum to the left. The left lung is compressed
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006085,Chest x-ray of tension pneumothorax following chest drain insertion: Partial resolution of tension pneumothorax
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006086,Imaging findings. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showing thickening of the rectal wall.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006087,Scout view of the abdomen and pelvis. There is a large dilated loop of the colon suggesting bowel obstruction and sigmoid volvulus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006088,Transverse view CT of the abdomen and pelvis. The white arrow is pointing to the “swirl sign” suggestive of sigmoid volvulus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006089,CT pulmonary angiogram demonstrating embolus in the right lower lobe pulmonary artery (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006090, Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt implantation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006091,"The fetal cardiac ultrasound in the short-axis view of the great arteries shows dextro (D) malposition or right and anterior positioning of the Ao, the PA, the RPA, and the LPA."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006092,"The fetal cardiac ultrasound in the sagittal view of the great vessels shows the anterior Ao, the PA, and the smaller pulmonary annulus, indicating pulmonary stenosis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006093,Pelvic CT performed 3 days after drainage in the sagittal section. Abscess cavity remarkably shrunk (arrowheads).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006094,Illustration of disc height and modified Taillard index. Disc height was calculated as 2/(a + b). Modified Taillard index was calculated as c/d
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006095,Chest x-ray on first admission
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006096,Measurement of foraminal area was performed with automated integral calculations embedded to PACS.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006097,Flexion view of C5-C6 foramen at the largest diameter.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006098,Chest X-ray showing bilateral airspace opacities and interstitial infiltrates representing pulmonary edema.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006099,A female patient with a perioptic pituitary adenoma treated with hypofractionated SRS for 2500 cGy in 5 fractions. Original contour for optic nerve is shown in yellow and optic nerve with motion in worst scenario is shown in purple contour.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006100,"A 51-year-old female with a benign meningioma treated on the Mevion S250 Proton Therapy System (Mevion Medical Systems, Littleton, MA) for 52.2 Gy in 29 fractions. Original contours for GTV and PTV are shown in yellow and GTV and PTV moving with optic nerve in worst scenario are shown in purple contours."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006101,Transabdominal sagittal view demonstrates the uterus outlined in calipers (U). The view anterior to the uterus demonstrates an anechoic simple cyst. The dashed white arrow demonstrates a hyperechoic rim of displaced ovarian parenchyma with a paucity of follicles.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006102,The transabdominal scan at 15 wks of the lower uterus segment with massive vascularization between the placenta and urine bladder.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006103,Transvaginal scan of pregnant lower segment of uterus at 21 wks. The measurement of the scar thickness was 3.4 mm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006104,"Based on the analysis of statistical results, the optimal placement direction of the pedicle screws in each vertebral body of the lumbar spine and the direction in patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis and osteoporosis is consistent with the criteria concluded"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006105,"Posterior extensor muscles visualized on an axial T2-weighted image. The cross-sectional area of the transversospinalis muscles (a, rotatores; b, multifidus; c, semispinalis), erector spinae muscles (d, spinalis; e, longissimus; f, iliocostalis) were measured by using the calibrated scale on the MR images."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006106,AP plain radiographic of the pelvis and sacroiliac joints revealed minor widening of the symphysis pubis and no other abnormalities.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006107,CT-guided right SI joint needle aspiration in the left lateral position.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006108,Coronal section of CT scan demonstrating the shunt catheter present in the right groin.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006109,"Advanced radioiodine-refractory and [18F]FDG-avid metastatic thyroid carcinoma involving the thyroid “in toto” with multiple metastases (lymph nodes, lung, liver, kidney, and bone)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006110,Multiple hypermetabolic nodular lesions in various skeletal muscle (image 2)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006111,MIP image of 18F-FDG PET/CT study
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006112,CT chest with IV contrast (axial view) showing dextrocardia and left lung empyema.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006113,Chest X-ray taken three weeks postoperatively.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006114,The female appearance of the external genitalia in a fetal ultrasound examination with a deletion 13q31.1q34 (case number 2 in Table 1).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006115,"Sagittal T1WI showing marked atrophy of the cerebellum, pons, and spinal cord. The patient was diagnosed with Friedreich’s ataxia."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006116,Diagnostic angiography showing recurrent outflow graft obstruction (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006117,Final result following the percutaneous intervention.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006118,HRCT thorax showing heterogenous subpleural and basal predominant honeycombing with traction bronchiectasis in the bilateral lung. HRCT: High-resolution computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006119,"Sonoanatomy of paraspinal muscles (SP:spinous process,VB:Vertebral body,MF:Multifidus muscle,LG:Longissimus muscle).The red arrow shows the transverse process.The interface between MF and LG muscles is marked with yellow dots.The green colored circle :Ultrasound orientation marker showing the medial side."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006120,Radius of the humeral head (R) and CA distance were measured on an X-ray. UMI = CA/R.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006121,"Magnetic resonance imaging of the upper arm with the brachial artery-basilic vein AVF shows edema of (long arrow) of the median nerve adjacent to the brachial artery and the basilic vein. AVF, arteriovenous fistula."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006122,"CT scan of chest arrow displaying ground-glass consolidation, asterisks highlighting bilateral effusions"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006123,Preoperative chest x-ray showing a left-sided opacity
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006124,Chest X-ray (anterior-posterior view): no evidence of cardiopulmonary abnormality
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006125,Patellar cartilage edema and retropatellar effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006126,Superficial symmetrical internal adenomyosis: sagittal T2-weighted image representing a disseminated sub-endometrial tiny cyst without JZ hypertrophy in both anterior and posterior uterine wall.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006127,"Pseudo-widening of the endometrium: sagittal T2-weighted image showing an asymmetrically thickened junctional zone (diffuse adenomyosis) with striated high-signal-intensity areas radiating from the endometrium toward the myometrium, a feature that simulates invasion by an endometrial carcinoma."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006128,CT of the chest identifying scattered patchy ground-glass opacities in the posterior portion of the right middle lobe
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006129,Abdominal CT scan without contrast showing thrombus in the splenic vein (white arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006130,"After the ventricular electrode passed through the SVC stenosis, the long sheath was withdrawn."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006131,Successful replacement of the pacemaker and ventricular electrode.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006132,MRI brain showed moderate chronic microvascular ischemic changes.MRI: magnetic resonance imaging
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006133,Computed tomography of the abdomen showing an enlarged retroperitoneal lymph node.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006134,Preoperative radiograph showing dislocation of the right femoral head with proximal migration in patient 2.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006135,Preoperative computed tomography scan transverse cut at the level of the superior lip of the acetabulum. The affected side (right) shows the hip dislocated and proximally migrated.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006136,Pelvic angiogram by 5 Fr catheter in the left internal iliac artery showing common trunk of the prostatic artery and the superior vesical artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006137,Post-embolization angiogram of the left prostate artery in the same patient showing no opacification of the prostate blush.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006138,"Cephalometric points assessed in the study. S Sella, N Nasion, A Subspinale, B Supramentale, Pg Pogonion, Gn Gnation, Go Gonion, Co Condylion, OL functional occlusal line, OLp line drawn through Sella, which is perpendicular to occlusal line, Co-Olp distance between Condylion and OLp line, Pg-Olp distance between Pogonion and OLp line. F. r die Studie ermittelte kephalometrische Punkte: S Sella, N Nasion, A Subspinale, B Supramentale, Pg Pogonion, Gn Gnation, Go Gonion, Co Condylion, OL funktionelle Okklusionsebene, OLp Linie durch den Punkt Sella, senkrecht zur Okklusionsebene, Co-Olp Abstand zwischen Condylion und OLp-Linie, Pg-Olp Abstand zwischen Pogonion und OLp-Linie"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006139,"A right anterior oblique projection from the GI series, showing accumulation of contrast medium into a dilated antrum (shoulder sign) and a narrow string-like pyloric channel (string sign)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006140,Cerebral angiography reveals dominant left vertebral artery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006141,"Stent-graft is inserted into the right subclavian artery. Moreover, the right vertebral artery is occluded by coil"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006142,Perforator of Duplex ultrasound image: a perforator arising from the radial artery between the brachioradialis muscle and pronatorteres muscle in the proximal half of forearm. Diameter(+): the internal diameter of the perforator; Pedicle length(×): the pedicle distance from its origination of radial artery to deep fascia; RA radial artery; P perforator; BR brachioradialis muscle; PT pronatorteres muscle
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006143,Orbital CT at sagittal view revealed posteriorly located hydrogel scleral buckles.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006144,The stent migrated to renal pelvis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006145,Two stents in tandem for proximal ureteric strictures and long strictures.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006146,"CT of the orbit sella with contrast.Impression: Status post left-sided enucleation with interval development of a large intraorbital hematoma (orange arrow), measuring approximately 67 x 57 mm in maximal anteroposterior and transverse diameter."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006147,CT scan of thorax.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006148,HRCT showing ground glass opacities
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006149,MRI PNS showing possibility? Rhinosinus mucormycosis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006150,MRI PNS showing possibility? Fungal rhinosinusitis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006151,Sagittal T2-weighted MR image shows a HIZ (black arrow) in the inferior part of large disc extrusion at L4/5.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006152,"The initial X-ray shows ileus, which causes elevated diaphragms and atelectasis, (the ground glass appearance of the lungs)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006153,No pneumatosis or pneumoperitoneum is present.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006154,Pneumatosis (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006155,"Cath image showing critical stenosis of proximal LADLAD, Left anterior descending artery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006156,Ultrasound shows the fetal sac after feticide.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006157,Computed tomography showing hepatic metastases and dilated peripheral bile ducts (yellow triangle) and hepaticogastrostomy stenting
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006158,"Color Doppler of the patent ductus arteriosus.Color Doppler of the patent ductus arteriosus showing predominantly flowing left to right shunt (only red flow), as seen in the parasternal short axis view marked by a deep blue arrow."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006159,"Amplatzer Duct Occluder implantation.Fluoroscopy in the 90-degree lateral view showing successful deployment of a 04-06 Amplatzer Duct Occluder with no residual shunt, as marked by a yellow arrow."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006160,"Imaging examinations performed before surgery. Enhanced CT scans on March 21, 2020 of abdomen revealed that occupying lesions in the middle and upper rectum, the intestinal lumen was narrowed, and the serosal layer was hairy. After enhancement, the lesion was uneven and enhanced, and the length of the lesion was about 5.7 cm, considering that was rectal cancer (T4aN1M0)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006161,Intra-operative 'c-arm' picture lateral view after performing reduction
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006162,Repeat brain MRI after six months showing interval improvement of the contrast enhancement in the left occipital lobe (white arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006163,The axial image of the contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis.The transverse section shows the transition point of the small bowel obstruction caused by the mesenteric tumor (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006164,Angiographic imaging of Angiojet system in the first patient.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006165,"‘Shred sign’, also known as fractal sign (labeled with an arrow) and pleural line (labeled with a dotted line)Scale on the right: each dot equals 1 cm of tissue depth."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006166,"There is a diffuse bilateral alveolar infiltrate obscuring the right hemithorax. Central venous catheter, endotracheal tube, and nasogastric tubes are shown in the X‐ray."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006167,Maximum intensity projection image of position emission tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006168,Lumen-apposing metal stent in the context of EUS-GEA.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006169,Preoperative long-standing anteroposterior radiograph of the lower extremity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006170, Mandibular incisive canal (MIC) in the lower canine region in sagittal cone-beam computed tomography. Note the MIC is surrounded by the dense bone.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006171,Anteroposterior radiograph of bilateral feet demonstrating second and third metatarsal neck fractures of the right foot (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006172,T1-weighted coronal MRI of the pituitary demonstrating a 1.1 cm × 1.5 cm × 1.1 cm cystic sellar mass which represents a pituitary macroadenoma (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006173,Brain MRI demonstrating a 1 cm right frontal subcortical bright T2/FLAIR hyperintensity without evidence of abnormal enhancement (black arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006174,"Magnetic resonance imaging image of the time of periorbital swelling, which shows no involvement to brain and mucormycosis is just cutaneous layer."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006175,Postoperative x-ray temporal bone of Case 2 showing complete insertion of the cochlear implant electrode array at both ears
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006176,"MRI thoracic spine with and without contrast shows diffuse abnormal central cord signal intensity throughout thoracic spine, extending into cervical cord and conus with focal enhancement in left central region at T7-T8 level."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006177,Chest X‐ray with cardiomegaly
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006178," Enlarged lymph node. Enhanced multidetector computed tomography axial image in portal venous phase shows enlarged lymph node (arrow, short axis diameter is measured as 12 mm) with strong enhancement adjacent to ascending colon."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006179,Anteroposterior radiograph showing a buried intramedullary nail.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006180,Skull radiography lateral view showing copper beaten appearance with widened roof of sella.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006181,Ultrasound of the thyroid gland showing a heterogeneously enlarged thyroid gland with two small 4 mm solid hypoechoic solid nodules in the isthmus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006182,"Transvaginal sonography (TVS imaging). Longitudinal section. Endometrial cancer, stage IA, G1, infiltration with homogeneous echogenicity."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006183,T2-weighted axial lumbar MRI showing two separate hemicords at the level L2-L3.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006184,"Chest CT showing patchy peripheral ground-glass opacities, and scattered subsegmental atelectatic bands are compatible with COVID-19 pneumonia. A small amount of pneumothorax is seen in the right hemithorax particularly anteroinferiorly. Large emphysematous bulla is seen in the medial aspect of the left upper lobe, and a smaller similar bulla is seen in the right paracardiac region. Mild bilateral pleural effusion is also evident."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006185,Chest X-ray post ICD insertion showing coin shaped lesion in the mid-zone of the right lung.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006186,"MRI (1.5 T) at the base of the penis. Axial view T1 weighted image shows the enlarged right corpus cavernosum, which is T1 hyperintense (*) comparing to the surrounding corpora. The left corpus cavernosum is displaced and compressed."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006187,Computed tomography (CT) of the brain and orbit showing ruptured globe on the left side (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006188,Contrast enhanced axial CT image demonstrates multiple dilated varices surrounding and extending through the ostomy site (see arrowhead).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006189,High-resolution computed tomography depicting upper-lobe ground-glass opacities (blue arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006190,Right intratesticular nodules
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006191,Barium esophagram showing traction diverticulum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006192,Computed tomography with oral contrast showing gastric diverticulum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006193,Computed tomography showing jejunal diverticulum (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006194,Computed tomography showing Meckel’s diverticulum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006195,CT angiography of the chest with contrast illustrating multiple lobular infarcts consistent with thromboembolic disease.The arrows represent areas of pulmonary infarction caused by upper extremity deep vein thrombosis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006196,Plain lateral radiograph for measuring radiographic parameters.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006197,Hematoma after kidney biopsy. Longitudinal section through the kidney transplant with a mixed echorich-echopoor oval mass on top. Linear probe
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006198,"Inflammatory demyelination, axial enhancement, and significant enhancement and alteration of the right temporal lobe lesion."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006199,"Rib fracture. The infant was G3P1, with a gestational age of 30+1 weeks and a birth weight of 1,370 g. The infant was born by Cesarean section due to placental abruption. After birth, the infant suffered from various diseases, such as respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, atelectasis, and calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorder, which was diagnosed as metabolic bone disease. Forty days after birth, an ultrasound examination found that the infant had a fracture in the fifth rib on the left side."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006200,Contrasting association of microcalcifications and breast density with cardiometabolic diseases. Leveraging mammographic features could be useful to predict cardiometabolic health in women attending mammographic screening programmes (mammogram adapted from User: Jmarchn/CC-BY-SA-3.0).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006201," Positron emission tomography scan showing a hypermetabolic mass arising from the medial segment of the left liver lobe, measuring about 5.1 cm x 4.7 cm in the axial and anteroposterior dimension and 6.9 cm in the craniocaudal dimension in case 2. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006202, Lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging indicated degenerative changes in the L5-S1 disc and with no sign of spinal nerve compression.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006203,"A 35-year-old male patient presenting with a dentigerous cyst of the central type, enclosing the crown of an impacted right permanent mandibular first molar. The right mandibular second and third molars were displaced by the cyst towards the right mandibular ramus."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006204,"Echolaryngography of the anesthetized cat demonstrating a laryngeal cyst, as outlined by the yellow arrows"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006205,"Post-contrast transverse CT image displayed on a soft tissue window width/window level at the level of the first cervical vertebra. A thin-walled, centrally fluid-attenuating structure (marked with a white star) is seen within the left aspect of the larynx. The structure has a thin, contrast-enhancing peripheral rim (white arrow) and occupies more than 50% of the laryngeal lumen"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006206,Transvaginal ultrasound guided intrafetal injection of KCL and methotrexate instillation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006207,CT of the abdomen and pelvis post-contrast displaying a left spigelian hernia with small bowel content (white arrow). Also seen is the intact aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique (red arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006208,Contrast-enhanced CT scan demonstrating a solid tissue mass originating from the superior segment of the right lower lobe measuring 20 × 16 mm that invades the right lower pulmonary vein extending into the LA (blue arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006209,"Transthoracic echocardiography, apical four-chamber view showing a dilated coronary sinus measured at 44 mm. CS, coronary sinus; LV, left ventricle; RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006210,Image of patent left coronary system.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006211,Anteroposterior pelvis preoperative X-ray. Right hip (RH) with a lateral center-edge angle (yellow lines) of 14°.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006212,False profile view post-operative X-ray showing final construct (yellow arrow) and correction of the cam-type femoroacetabular morphology (white arrow) in the right hip (RH).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006213,False profile view X-ray at 1-year post-operative showing final construct (yellow arrow) and correction of the cam-type femoroacetabular morphology (white arrow) in the right hip (RH).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006214,The patient’s bladder stone seen on an X-ray.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006215,"PET CT. Focal increased uptake is noted at right L5, the sacrum, and the presacral area (arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006216,A coronal non-contrast CT scan.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006217,Showing parameters 1 and 2 traced on a panoramic radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006218,Showing parameter 3 traced on panoramic radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006219,CT scan on admission showing 0.6 cm dilation of the common bile duct (red arrow) at 1.42x magnification.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006220,MRCP showing 0.4 cm stone in the common bile duct (red arrow) at 1.42x magnification.MRCP - magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006221,CTA chest axial lung window showing right lower pleural effusion with possible atelectasis and consolidation.CTA: CT angiography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006222,US abdomen showing hepatomegaly measuring 22.8 cm in longitudinal dimension.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006223,Computed tomography of the head which demonstrates a nondisplaced left nasal bone fracture (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006224,Ventrodorsal radiograph of the dog 2 years after cemented total hip replacement (left hip); radiopaque cement mantle surrounding the femoral and acetabular component is visible.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006225,Ventrodorsal radiographs after reimplantation. Proper positioning and orientation of the stem and proper mantle cement are visible. Two cerclage wires were used to stabilize the bone window fragment.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006226,Plantar fascia blood flow index: measure the area of the blood flow signal at the plantar fascia in the figure and then divide it by 1 square centimeter to get the percentage of the blood flow signal in the area.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006227,Chest X-ray showed bilateral lung infiltration
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006228,"Dilated stomach ""arrows"" on admission computed tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006229,MRI T2 sequence showing mid myocardial increased signal in the inferolateral wall suggesting myocarditis (blue arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006230,"(a) B-mode ultrasound shows an enlarged, heterogeneous testis with a hydrocele. The epi-didymis was also enlarged, in keeping with epididymo-orchitis, but can be a tumour mimic. (b) Colour Doppler shows increased vascularity throughout the testis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006231,"(a) Axial slice from CT KUB in a 35-year-old patient who presented with acute right flank pain demonstrates large retroperitoneal nodal disease. (b) Coronal image from contrast CT shows large nodal disease causing right hydronephrosis, deviation of the aorta and a solitary liver metastasis. (c) Colour Doppler ultrasound from the same patient shows a solitary lesion in the right testis in keeping with a primary testicular tumour."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006232,The right lobe of the thyroid gland with a hypoechogenic texture and a diffusely hypoperfused parenchyma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006233,"Chest X-ray showing a larger rectangular radiopacity seen projecting over the root of the neck extending to the thoracic inlet in the midline concerning for a foreign body (green arrow), bilateral pneumothorax right larger than the left (red arrows ) with atelectasis of the right lung (star), and extensive surgical emphysema in the chest wall (yellow arrowhead)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006234,Chest X-ray showing significant resolution of the bilateral pneumothorax with residual subcutaneous emphysema (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006235,The patency of middle meatus was confirmed on coronal view of cone-beam computed tomography 2 days after surgery (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006236,CT angiography of the chest showing acute pulmonary infiltrates in lower lobes
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006237,CT angiography showing diffuse patchy opacities in the right lung
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006238,Coronal view of the MRI brain with olfactory protocol showing normal volume of olfactory bulbs (blue arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006239,Coronal view showing the absent olfactory tract.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006240,X-ray in anteroposterior view revealed the absence of left fourth ray and absent left proximal tibial growth plate and the length of the tibia was also comparatively less than right side.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006241,Complex right hepatic lobe necrotic collection measuring 13 by 8 cm with internal gas bubble formation (yellow arrow) with endovascular coils noted in branches of the hepatic artery (yellow cross).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006242,"Axial CT image indicating severe disease severity (CTSS 20). Axial CT image shows extensive GGOs, crazy paving, and consolidation mainly in lower lobes bilaterally with CTSS 20"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006243,Axial CT image indicating severe disease severity with ARDS pattern (CTSS 25). Axial CT image shows diffuse extensive bilateral GGOs with crazy paving and multifocal consolidation bilaterally
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006244,Example of a conventional ulnar head prosthesis of a 55yo male due to posttraumatic DRUJ arthritis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006245,"PET scan representing the first lesion near parotid gland (black arrow)PET, positron emission tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006246,"A CT scan of the abdomen of the patient is shown. There is a mass in the root of the mesentery of approximately 9.5 × 8 cm, with a necrotic center, of dubious organ dependence. The lesion contacts the lesser curvature of the stomach, right hepatic lobe, and adjacent jejunal loops without a fatty separation plane. Countless hepatic lesions are suggestive of secondary deposit. Multiple nodular peritoneal soft tissue lesions compatible with carcinomatosis. Intraperitoneal free fluid of perihepatic, perisplenic distribution and in both flanks."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006247,CT showed the stomach was markedly dilated due to the obstruction near the pylorus caused by the lifted sigmoid colon. A white arrow points to the sigmoid colostomy
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006248,"FFX devices inserted into the facet joints on the right and left sides of the spine.FFX, Facet FiXation."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006249,MRI scan of cerebellum showing hyper intensity along the medial aspect of the bilateral cerebellar hemisphere.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006250,"Wet beriberi. A 70-year-old male presented with dyspnoea, nausea and appetite loss in the emergency room. He presented with normal blood pressure (101/71 mmHg) but tachycardia (heart rate: 107 bpm). Arterial blood gas analysis revealed acidosis (pH: 7.256 [normal range: 7.36–7.44]), a decreased pressure of CO2 (10 mm Hg [normal range: 35–45 mm Hg]), a decreased base excess (−20 mEq/L [normal range: −2—+2 mEq l−1 ]), an increased lactate level (12 mmol l−1 [normal range:80 mm Hg]), which means metabolic acidosis due to elevated lactic level. His cardiac index was 3.0, and his pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was 23 mm Hg, which signified Forrester Class II heart failure. Laboratory tests revealed a decreased vitamin B1 level (17 ng ml−1 [normal range: 24–66 ng ml−1]). CT demonstrated bilateral pleural effusion (asterisks), cardiomegaly and a collection of pericardial fluid effusion that was more highly attenuated than pleural effusion (arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006251,"Paediatric case of scurvy demonstrated on radiography. A 4-year-old boy with autistic spectrum disorder suffered from left thigh pain. Anteroposterior radiographs demonstrated the heterogeneous and irregular appearance of the growth plate (black arrowheads) and metaphyseal beaking (Pelkan spur: black arrows) in the femur and a sclerotic cortical rim around osteopaenic epiphyseal ossification centres of the femur and tibia (Wimberger ring sign: broken white arrows). In the tibia, a dense metaphyseal band (Frankel line; arrow) and a lucent band (scurvy line; white arrowhead) are visible. Laboratory examination revealed lower vitamin C level (0.2 µg ml−1 [range: 4.7—17.8 µg ml−1])."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006252,Full-body CT scan showing hepatic lesions.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006253,Transverse T1W post-gadolinium image with fat suppression at the level of the brachial plexuses. The horizontal arrow indicates the enlarged and markedly contrast-enhancing right C8 spinal nerve. The vertical arrow indicates the enlarged and moderately contrast-enhancing left brachial plexus. Note that the patient’s left side is on the right side
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006254,"Brain MRI (FLAIR; axial view) in a patient with drug-resistant epilepsy with auditory features showed a small hyperintense lesion in the right lateral temporal cortex surrounded by an area of signal suppression and hyperintensity of the adjacent brain tissue, consistent with a glioneuronal tumor."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006255,"Computed tomography of the chest showed multiple, bilateral ill-defined nodular opacities. Yellow arrow pointing to a 1.3 × 0.9 cm nodule with central cavity in the right upper lobe."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006256,Cranial computed tomography at the onset of the loss of consciousness and respiratory arrest showing multiple intracranial hemorrhagic legions.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006257,"Chest x-ray, 3 years prior to presentation showing right pneumothorax, right hilar adenopathy, and right lower lobe cavitary lesion with air fluid level."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006258,"Chest CT scan, 3 years prior to presentation showing residual cavitary lesion after video-assisted thoracotomy with pleurodesis.Abbreviation: CT, computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006259,"Chest CT scan, 2 years prior to presentation showing residual right lower lobe cavity.Abbreviation: CT, computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006260,Chest x-ray on initial presentation showing large cavity extending from right lower lobe to right upper lobe with central filling mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006261,Fluoroscopy showing arterial embolization and coiling of the right intercostal bronchial artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006262,"CT chest upon second admission showing emptied right-sided cavitary lesion and new left lower lobe infiltration.Abbreviation: CT, computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006263,"Serratus anterior plane-block. A linear probe 10-12 MHz was placed in a longitudinal scan between IV and V ribs over the right mid-axillary line to visualize ribs, LDm, SAm, and IIm muscles. Via in-plane approach 30 mL of levobupivacaine 0.5% are injected in a caudo-cranial direction.LDm: latissimus dorsi muscle; SAm: serratus anterior muscle; IMm: intercostal muscles; LA: local anaesthetic; Pl: pleura."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006264,Neck CT (sagittal view) showing markedly enlarged thyroid gland with no retrosternal extension. The yellow line delineates the size of the thyroid gland.CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006265,Neck CT (coronal view). The yellow and blue lines delineate the size of the thyroid gland.CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006266,"Irigographic examination—rectal evaluation sequence. Impressive dimensions of the rectum are found—about 18 cm diameter lumen, full of fecal matter, occupying the entire pelvis and compressing the adjacent viscera."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006267,CT scan with idiopathic megarectum and megacolon.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006268,Transthoracic echocardiogram with noticeable large effusion and the yellow arrow showing the right ventricular collapse
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006269,PFA femoral component positioned in line with the distal femoral joint line (dotted line) and not in line with the femoral axis (solid line). This places the femoral component in a varus position
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006270,"Sagittal MRI of the pelvis: cystic, multi-loculated retrorectal mass (arrow)MRI: magnetic resonance imaging"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006271,Locking plate fixation of bilateral interprosthetic femoral fractures in 88-year-old woman.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006272,EBRA-FCA.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006273,X-ray with software-based pre-operative planning with long gamma nail with cephalo-medullary screw and double distal locking.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006274,Antero-posterior chest radiography showing a diffuse interstitial and alveolar infiltrate.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006275,Coronal view of patent superior mesenteric artery lying adjacent to the area of the superior mesenteric vein thrombosis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006276,CT scan of the chest showing right middle bronchus obstruction
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006277,Radiograph of the modified Dunn lateral view with OsiriX measurements of α-angle (red).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006278,Trans-esophageal echocardiogram showing spontaneous echo contrast in left atrial and LAA clot Type IA.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006279,Post-operative CT of the brain without contrast shows scattered subarachnoid blood with some layering on the lateral ventricles along with small amounts of pneumocephalus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006280,Angiographic view of Y-graft which perfused superior mesenteric artery and celiac artery. A) Dacron Y-graft from the ascending aorta to the celiac artery; B) Dacron Y-graft from the ascending aorta to the superior mesenteric artery; C) celiac artery branches.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006281,MRI revealed tumor formations of the 6th thoracic and first lumbar vertebrae.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006282,Cholangiogram demonstrating multifocal intra and extrahepatic biliary strictures.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006283,Axial abdominal CT scan demonstrating evidence of port site metastases eight months after cholecystectomy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006284,"A 60-year-old female patient with sarcoidosis who had been treated with steroids for years. A reformatted CT coronal image shows multiple lesions with a serpiginous sclerotic border (arrows), which corresponds to lesions of AVN/bone infarction"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006285,Adequate position of the stent graft with resolution of the thrombus at 18 months.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006286,"Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) showed epicardial late enhancement apical and lateral suggestive of myocarditis. One week post vaccination, the angina was resolved, there were no arrhythmias on Holter monitor, and CK and Troponin returned within normal range. He was discharged on day 7 fully recovered"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006287,X-ray image of implanted cardiac pacemaker in patient with persistent left superior vena cava (lateral view).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006288,"Axial postcontrast CT shows the lamellated appearance of the giant appendicolith within the right lower quadrant, with mild appendiceal mural thickening, indicative of mild acute appendicitis.CT: computed tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006289,CT scan of abdomen. CT: Computed tomography. Red arrows highlight the 6.5 cm x 6.2 cm pancreatic pseudocyst evidenced as a loculated cystic lesion identified in the region of the tail of the pancreas extending up to the gastrosplenic ligament 
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006290,Discography with guidewire placement in the center of the disc.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006291,Panoramic radiograph showed no obvious bone resorption except periodontitis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006292,Gastrografin swallow study demonstrating tight stenosis of a 4-cm segment of the mid esophagus (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006293,MRI brain during the acute stage showing high signal intensities in the midbrain at the site of single central levator subnucleus of the oculomotor nerve (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006294," T1 black-blood post-gadolinium imaging sequence MRI showing normal basilar artery ( arrowhead ), left ICA in the cavernous segment with vessel wall enhancement (VWE, long arrow ) and occluded right ICA with hyperintense thrombus ( short arrow ). ICA, internal carotid artery. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006295,"Slightly high-density, patchy, blurry shadows in bilateral bronchi, indicating inhalation injury"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006296,"Chest X-ray showing large patellar high-density shadows in both lungs, significantly reduced pulmonary transmittance, and a widened hilum of both lungs"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006297,Abdomen CT scan showing spleen enlargement and a large subcapsular fluid collection.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006298,"Coronary calcium scoring in a 64-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus and intermittent chest pressure. Selected axial CT image from a coronary calcium score examination shows calcification within the left main coronary artery, left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, and diagonal branches. The total quantified coronary calcium was severe, yielding an Agatston score of 622, which represents the 95th percentile for patients of the same age, gender, and race/ethnicity who are free of clinical cardiovascular disease and treated diabetes per the MESA coronary calcium calculator ( "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006299,"Subendocardial enhancement in a 44-year-old man with a history of CAD, MI, and tobacco use who was referred for cardiac MRI to assess MI size. Short-axis LGE cardiac MR image of the LV shows subendocardial-based enhancement, with about 75% transmural extent within the basal septal wall (arrow), as well as some extension into the adjacent anterior wall. The transmural extent of enhancement is greater than 50%, which indicates a lower likelihood of recovery with revascularization."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006300,"Postmyocardial infarction pericarditis (Dressler syndrome) in a 58-year-old woman who returned to the emergency department for chest pain 12 days after discharge following an acute MI. Short-axis 4-mm-thick minimum intensity projection (MinIP) image shows transmural hypoattenuation of the anterolateral, inferolateral, and inferior segments at the midcavity level, owing to recent proximal left circumflex coronary artery territory infarction (black arrows). A moderate-size pericardial effusion is depicted, with areas of pericardial enhancement (white arrows), consistent with pericarditis. The patient’s symptoms dramatically improved after initiation of anti-inflammatory medications."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006301,Computed tomography Brain showing L-sided oedema with mass effect
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006302,Intraoperative fluoroscopy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006303,"Patient no. 172, 60-year-old male, met the FUO criteria. F-18 FDG PET/CT whole-body imaging shows pathological uptake ad the right hip joint (arrow). Previous clinical examinations suggested activated osteoarthrosis. Biopsy and blood cultures performed after F-18 FDG PET/CT confirmed infective coxitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Patient fully recovered after prolonged i.v. antibiotic treatment."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006304,Post‐operative imaging
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006305,"MRI AP showing the T2 acquisition coronal/axial wedge like areas of relative hypo-intense changes in the kidneys, as shown by the pointed arrow."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006306,T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abdomen images. Red arrow indicates abdominal wall neuroendocrine tumor (NET)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006307,Axial head CT revealed a 3.4 cm × 2.5 cm well-defined slightly hyperdense mass without peritumoral edema in the left cerebellar hemisphere. CT = computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006308,Follow-up computed tomography after two years showed complete patency of the great saphenous vein graft (thick arrows) and coronary vein (thin arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006309,Chest X-ray depicted no pathological findings–despite the patient’s symptoms of cough and hemoptysis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006310,Adequate endoscopic resection of the bone with no prominence above the parallel pitch line (red line) at the 4-year postoperative follow-up.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006311,Preoperative radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006312,CMBs lesions with different size in SWI image.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006313,"Coronal enhanced CT image of the head and neck showing opacification of the left lateral inferior to the mastoid area with rim enhancement, medial to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, a typical picture commonly seen with Bezold’s abscess."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006314,"CT scan demonstrating large, multiloculated gluteal abscess.Abbreviation: CT, computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006315,An upright chest radiograph with silhouetting of the right heart border and air bronchograms.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006316,Coronal view PET/CT with hyperintensity in the second and third portions of the duodenum (blue arrow) as well as in the uncinate process of the pancreas (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006317,Profile x-ray of the spine.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006318,Formation of a pseudoaneurysm (blue arrow) within the short arterial segment
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006319,Necrotic collection in the left pararenal space measuring 7.08 x 6.6 cm.R: right.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006320,Coronal maximum intensity projection image from the most recent PET-CT shows near complete resolution of metabolic hyperactivity in the paraesophageal lymph node. Post radiation changes are seen in the right upper thigh. The activity in the left acetabulum has decreased with central area of absent activity suggesting central necrosis. The activity in the presumed reactive lymph node in the epigastric region has also returned to normal.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006321,"Coronal computer tomography angiography with intravenous contrast of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis revealing a DeBakey type I dissection of the thoracic aorta (blue arrow), extending to the left iliac artery (yellow arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006322,"Computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis showing significant left-sided hydronephrosis, hydroureter, and mass in left side of the base of the bladder."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006323,CTA of the coronary vessels demonstrates a patient left main and proximal segment of the left anterior descending branching off of the aorta.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006324,Ultrasonography on fourth day of admission showing oedemic pneumatized bowel
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006325,X-ray before operation showing no signs of perforation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006326,Left anterior oblique (LAO) 15° Cranial 30° angiogram demonstrating severe pulmonary stenosis and post-stenotic pulmonary trunk dilatation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006327,Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System 1 in a 38-year-old man with atypical chest pain. Curved multiplanar reformatted computed tomography angiographic image show a discrete partially calcified plaque in the proximal LAD (white arrowhead) causing minimal stenosis (<25%). No further imaging was recommended.LAD: left anterior descending.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006328,"Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System 2 in a 56-year-old man with chronic chest pain. Curved multiplanar reformatted computed tomography image of the RCA reveals a noncalcified plaque (white arrowhead) causing mild stenosis (25%–49%). No further imaging was recommended.AM1: first acute marginal, AM2: second acute marginal, RCA: right coronary artery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006329,"Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System 4A in a 56-year-old woman who presented with chest pain on exertion and abnormal electrocardiogram results. Curved multiplanar reformatted computed tomography angiographic image shows a predominantly noncalcified plaque (white arrowhead) in the mid RCA causing severe luminal stenosis (70%–99%). No other significant coronary artery disease was detected. ICA was recommended. ICA results (not shown) showed severe stenosis in the RCA artery, which was treated with balloon angioplasty and stent placement.DIST: distal, ICA: invasive coronary angiography, PDA: posterior descending artery, RCA: right coronary artery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006330,Modifier S (stent) in a 59-year-old woman with new-onset chest pain who had a history of inferior myocardial infarction and stent placement in the RCA. Curved multiplanar reformatted computed tomography angiographic image of the RCA shows a long stent in situ with moderate in stent restenosis (50%–69%) (white arrowhead). Minimal disease was seen in the left anterior descending and left circumflex arteries (not shown). The patient was assigned Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System 3/S category. Functional assessment was recommended.RCA: right coronary artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006331,"CAD-RADS 2 in a 48-year-old man with chest pain. Curved multiplanar reformatted computed tomography angiographic image shows noncalcified plaque (black arrow) in the proximal-LAD. It shows positive remodelling and is causing mild stenosis (25%–49%). Right coronary artery and left circumflex were normal. The patient was assigned CAD-RADS 2 category. Only one high-risk feature was present, so modifier V was not included. No further imaging was recommended.CAD-RADS: Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System, LAD: left anterior descending, LMCA: left internal mammary."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006332,"CAD-RADS 1 in a 45-year-old man with chest pain. Curved multiplanar reformatted computed tomography angiographic image shows noncalcified plaque (white arrowhead) causing minimal stenosis (<25%) in the proximal-LAD. The average attenuation of lesion was 7 hounsfield unit. Right coronary artery and left circumflex were normal. The patient was assigned CAD-RADS 1 category. Only one high-risk feature was present, so modifier V was not included. No further imaging was recommended.CAD-RADS: Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System, LAD: left anterior descending."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006333,Postoperative orthopantomograph of the patient.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006334,Postoperative 6-month follow-up.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006335,Orthopantomographic view.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006336,"Chronic pelvic pain due to bilateral primary ovarian vein reflux. A dilated, refluxing left ovarian vein (black arrow) is associated with multiple pelvic varicosities (white arrow). Right ovarian vein reflux is also present, but not demonstrated in this image. No obstruction of the left renal or common iliac veins or internal iliac reflux is present by ultrasound examination. The Symptoms-Varices-Pathophysiology (SVP) classification is S2V2PBGV,R,NT."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006337,"Three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography. Apical view of the left ventricle: red lines mark both sides of the inflow cannula. The thrombus attached at the bottom side of the cannula is marked in green: the thrombus is not wedging into the cannula, excluding a pre-pump thrombosis. AML=anterior mitral leaflet; Ao=aortic valve; PML=posterior mitral leaflet"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006338,Sagittal T1-weighted image demonstrating increased signal intensity and enhancement of the anterior aspect of the inferior L1 vertebral body (short arrow) as well as abnormal soft tissue enhancement anterior and to the left of the L1 and L2 vertebral bodies (long arrow) suggestive of early osteomyelitis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006339,The nodular lung lesions disappeared after discontinuation of IFX-BS in CT scan
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006340,MRI T1 Dixon transversal image showing an anterior osteochondral tear in the labrum of the right shoulder.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006341,Anterior posterior view of magnetic resonance angiography findings in patient 7 indicating aplasia of the left internal carotid artery (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006342,Lateral view of digital subtraction left cervical common carotid angiographical findings in patient 9 indicating aplasia of the left internal carotid artery (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006343,Chest X-ray: ventrodorsal view.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006344,Chest X-ray: right lateral view.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006345,Fatty degeneration and muscle atrophy are considered indicators for clinical poor results.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006346, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography examination. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography examination image demonstrates a 4.5-cm hypermetabolic mass (arrowhead) in S3 and a 1.3-cm metastatic lymph with avid FDG uptake (arrow) in the node along the common hepatic artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006347,The first abdominal X-ray showing that the battery is beyond the esophagus and stomach.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006348,Post reduction X-ray confirming the concentric reduction of the left hip.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006349,Interrecti distance (IRD) measurement using ultrasound imaging. The line from which the IRD was measured is indicated by a dotted line.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006350,Lateral abdominal graphy- aortic calcifications.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006351,"Abdomen CT scan showing bilateral enlargement of adrenal glands with a typical macro-nodular aspect of left adrenal (maximum diameters were 45 and 16 mm at left and right side with low Hunsfield Unit density (HU −20/+12), respectively)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006352,Pelvic anterior-posterior radiograph showed the survivor’s right hemipelvis was sheared inferiorly and malrotated.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006353,"The Cobb angle measurement. Cobb angle is the vertebrae that are most tilted relative to the horizontal at upper and lower levels of each curve are measured; This scoliotic subject has a thoracic curve: upper end level = T5, apex = T7, lower end level = T11, convexity = right, Cobb angle = 60.2°"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006354,Chest Radiograph Demonstrating Hepatic Hydrothorax.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006355,"Axial enhanced computed tomography scan showing a distended and fluid-filled distal appendix (black arrow) with wall thickening, as well as surrounding fat stranding."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006356,Abdominal X-Ray showed non specific gas pattern
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006357,Chest CT during lung biopsy illustrating the biopsy needle and patient position during procedure.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006358,Dominus® Coarctation Aorta delivery system advanced retrogradely until the tip of the sheath is slightly beyond the coarctation zone.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006359,Control aortography performed six months after the procedure showing the full expansion of the Dominus® Coarctation Aorta endoprosthesis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006360, Computed tomography image of the lumbar spine in the coronal plane. Bilateral double halo sign is evident as a radiolucent zone around pedicle screws surrounded by sclerotic bone.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006361,A 72-month follow-up X-ray lateral stem tip view. The tibial component has loosened and migrated into varus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006362,Axial MRI T1-weighted image with contrast sequence obtained post-treatment with pulse steroid showing signal improvement involving the pons (encircled).MRI: magnetic resonance imaging
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006363,"Multilobar and bilateral ground‐glass opacities in both lungs, with a peripheral subpleural distribution."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006364,A positron emission tomography (PET) scan demonstrating metabolic uptake with focality localizing to the enhancing solid component of the left adrenal mass seen on the multiphase CT study.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006365,PET-CT scan showing a right perihilar mass with hilar lymphadenopathy.PET-CT: positron emission tomography-computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006366,CT scan of the chest showing interval increase in the size of the right lung mass.CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006367,CT of the thorax showing regions of pulmonary consolidation in the left lung
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006368,CEJ distance (red arrow). (A): MSM distal surface CEJ. (B): MTM mesial surface CEJ.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006369,"Panoramic radiography after bone graft, nerve lateralization, and placement of dental implants in edentulous sites with adequate bone volume."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006370,Day 1: left lateral view of thorax showing pleural effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006371,"Coronal view of the patient’s scout film prior to computed tomography shows acute midgut volvulus. Loops of proximal small bowel were severely dilated (arrow), measuring 9.31 centimeters in the central anterior abdomen."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006372,A gastrointestinal series shows no leakage of the contrast medium from the duodenum; multiple endoclips are observed at the perforation site (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006373,Chest x-ray (posterior anterior view) showing dextrocardia
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006374,Preop lateral knee X-ray.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006375,CT of left SDH at time of presentation in the emergency department.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006376,Preoperative sagittal MRI. It shows the L5 anterolisthesis with complete disc collapse and anterior disc herniation (blue arrow) with no modic changes. There was no stenosis of the spinal canal.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006377,Endoscopic ultrasound demonstrating a well-circumscribed 2.9 cm x 2.5 cm hypoechogenic mass arising from the uncinate process of the pancreas
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006378,"PET showed strong avidities in the axillary lymph nodes (arrow) with maximum standardized uptake value of 7.0. PET, positron emission tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006379,Representative coronal computed tomography scan image demonstrating hydronephrosis and calculus detected in bilateral ureters. The arrows mark the stone locations.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006380,CT abdomen cross-sectional view. The image shows complete resolution of stomach cancer with complete disappearance of metastasis along the liver and portal area six years after the initial presentation. CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006381,CT abdomen cross-sectional view triple-phase (triphase)The image shows complete resolution of stomach cancer with complete disappearance of metastasis along the liver and portal area six years after the initial presentation (white arrow)CT: computed tomography; IV b: segment IV (inferior) lateral to the falciform ligament
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006382,"CT abdomen pelvis with and without contrast showing hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and diffuse retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006383,"Measurement protocol. “CO”, tip of the coracoid; “CL”, inferior cortex of the clavicle; distance “CCD”, coracoclavicular distance measured between CO and CL; distance “A”, acromial thickness measured as the distance between the superior and inferior margin of the acromion; line “RL”, reference line at the inferior acromial cortex placed perpendicularly to A; distance “D”, distance between RL and the lowest and most lateral point on the clavicle measured perpendicularly to RL"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006384,"Computed tomography showing multiple ill-defined tiny nodules, ground glass opacity, peribronchiolar consolidation, and interlobular septal thickening in both lungs."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006385, Computed tomography scan showing solid and cystic tumor in the body and tail of the pancreas (pancreatic schwannoma).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006386,Intraneural blood flow of median nerve depicted by power Doppler at the distal crease level
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006387,Lateral image depicting the implant being inserted into the sacroiliac joint in a patient with three lateral triangular titanium implants.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006388,Lateral (A) image of Linq implant seated within the sacroiliac joint posterior to the three lateral triangular titanium implants.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006389,CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis showing bilateral perinephric fat stranding.CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006390,X-ray of the right hand showing only soft tissue swelling in the absence of articular or bony manifestations.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006391,Transesophageal echocardiogram transgastric short-axis view shows severe right ventricular dilation immediately following surgical pericardial drainage.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006392,Two-dimensional schematic figure: measurement of angular and linear deviation. Red dotted cylinder: actual bur position. Green dotted cylinder: virtual bur position. CD: coronal deviation. AD: apical deviation. A: angular deviation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006393, Bilateral fused hips-post op bilateral total hip arthroplasty (Pre op Figure 3) with cementless fixation in 43-year-old male.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006394,Bilateral hip MRI show bilateral ONFH.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006395,Axial T1-weighted MRI of the brain.MRI of the brain showing symmetrical hyperintensity on T1-weighted images in the globus pallidus (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006396,Coronal section of abdominal CT after a splenorenal shunt.Coronal CT scan showing a patent splenorenal shunt in place (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006397,The X-ray shows the dilation and the niveau formation of the small bowel
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006398,"Coronal STIR 3T image of metacarpophalangeal joint. Coronal STIR 3T image acquired through the long finger MCP. A long arrow demarcates the avulsed proximal aspect of the RCL from the MC head without a Stener lesion. The short arrow demarcates the low signal, taught, intact UCL. Note the MCP fluid, regional edema, and underlying cystic change in the MC head.STIR- short TI inversion recovery; MCP- metacarpophalangeal; RCL- radial collateral ligament; UCL- ulnar collateral ligament"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006399,"Chest CT showing a large lobulated mass (arrow) with partially spiculated margins medially, estimated at 8.4 × 9.5 × 9.7 cm in its greatest dimension. It demonstrates heterogeneous enhancement with peripheral neovascularization. It has invaded through the upper left chest wall with destruction of the left second to fourth ribs. It is abutting the superior aspect of the fifth rib."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006400,Abdominal x-ray with distended gastric outline (blue arrows).Ring-shaped calcification can be seen in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen (red arrow). L: left.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006401,"Chest x-ray showing distended gastric outline (blue arrows).L: left, AP: anteroposterior."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006402,Axial computed tomography image of the abdomen showing a cholecystoduodenal fistula (blue arrow) connecting the gallbladder (red arrow) and duodenum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006403,"Coronal computed tomography image of the abdomen showing the cholecystoduodenal fistula (blue arrow) connecting the gallbladder (red arrow) and duodenum, wherein there is a large gallstone (yellow arrow).R: right, L: left, S: superior, I: inferior."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006404,"Abdominal x-ray following water-soluble contrast meal.A large obstructing gallstone (blue arrow) can be seen within the duodenum with a small amount of contrast bypassing the obstruction (red arrow). Retention of contrast can be seen within the stomach (yellow arrow). The nasogastric tube, placed for decompression, can be seen within the stomach (black arrow). R: right."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006405,The patient's deep subpatella sac effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006406,CT scan demonstrating the presence of a bronchopleural fistula in the posterior edge of the left bronchial stump following pneumonectomy (arrow)CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006407,Axial CT scan of the thorax demonstrating foreign body(knife) in the spinal canal in an oblique position reaching the anterior aspect of the spinal canal
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006408,Immediate Post-Operative MRI Axial T2 weighted MRI at T2/3 level demonstrating the cord high signal in the repaired area
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006409,Three month Post-operative MRI T2 weighted lateral view demonstrating the high signal in the repaired cord and soft tissue changes
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006410,Non-enhanced brain computed tomography (CT). Brain CT showed an acute intracerebral hemorrhage (arrow) with perilesional edema at the parietotemporooccipital lobe. An acute intraventricular hemorrhage causing a midline shift to the left was also noted
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006411,"Landmarks identified in each sagittal image at all buccal, oral, mesial and distal aspects: IS (implant shoulder), the bottom of the bone defect (BD), the alveolar bone crest (BC) and the angle between segments IS-BD and BD-BC. CBCT implant #5 (original magnification ×8)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006412,High‐resolution computed tomography image showing a typical example of pre‐existing interstitial lung disease (probable usual interstitial pneumonia pattern)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006413,Four-dimensional computed tomography scan showing parathyroid adenoma (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006414,Preoperative radiograph obtained at the time of patient’s initial presentation. All arthroplasty components are in acceptable position without evidence of wear or loosening.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006415,Postoperative computed tomography. The petrous apex is aerated and patent with the sphenoidal sinus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006416,Delayed enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance image. Delayed enhanced cardiac MR (CMR) demonstrating an apical laminar thrombus (blocked arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006417,"Chest X-ray showing pulmonary artery dilation, right ventricular enlargement and scoliosis"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006418,"Axial computed tomography image of the neck shows a large soft tissue mass centered in the right nasopharynx, extending to the right tonsillar fossa and right parapharyngeal space."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006419,B ultrasound acoustic image of same patient in Figure 1 showing normal intrauterine pregnancy after treatment. The gestational sac is located in the uterus (size: 1.9 × 1.4 × 1.5 cm). The germ and the pulse of the primitive heart tube can be observed.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006420,Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Patient 1Sort axis post-contrast image depicting pericardial enhancement (red arrows) adjacent to the right ventricle free wall and the lateral left ventricle wall.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006421, Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showing a slightly dilated pancreatic duct in the pancreatic tail.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006422,"Axial view displaying the adjusted focal trough permitting mesiodistal slicing of the maxillary canine on the right side, with an interval of 0.1 mm"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006423,"Cardiac catheterization images showing left anterior descending/diagonal. Stenosis at the bifurcation caused by extracted white clot, blue arrow illustrating stenosis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006424,"Initial chest x-ray showing large airspace consolidation in the left midlung which has a cavitary appearance. Biapical reticular opacities, left more than right."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006425,Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showing abrupt cut off at the level of the hepaticojejunal anastomosis (arrow) with diffuse biliary dilation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006426,Coronal T2 view showing the non-union of the first metatarsal avulsion fracture.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006427,Initial chest x-ray showing new diffuse interstitial opacities
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006428,Ultrasonography of the abdomen showed a 15 mm calculus in the proximal right ureter at the pelvic-ureteric junction
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006429,"Variations in the position of the vagus nerve showing no clinical significance.Although the vagus nerve (arrow) is located anterior to the carotid artery (C), it is not at risk because it is covered and protected by the internal jugular vein (I)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006430,Coronal section of non-contrast CT scan demonstrating the colovenous fistula between the inferior mesenteric vein and sigmoid colon (yellow arrow); air is seen tracking within the lumen of the inferior mesentericvein.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006431," Tracheoesophageal fistula on chest CT.CT scan of the chest reveals tracheoesophageal fistula (blue arrow: trachea, black arrow: esophagus). CT: computed tomography. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006432,Thorax CT section with ground-glass opacity of the COVID-19 case.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006433,An endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography image of type IVa choledochal cyst.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006434,Optimal placement of guide pin in the oblique view.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006435,Retrograde ureteropyelography of a porcine left nephroureteral unit.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006436,Sagittal T2 mildly hyperintense and enhancing soft tissue within the epidural space at mid T9 extending inferiorly through T12 (see white arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006437,Chest CT of a patient with PAP demonstrating interlobular and intralobular septal thickening in crazy-paving pattern.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006438,Atelectasis of the whole left lung.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006439,Positron emission tomography showing intense FDG uptake of the cecum (C) and retroperitoneal lymph nodal mass (N)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006440,Chest X-ray. Increased concentration is observed in the right fourth rib (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006441,Postfiltered output.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006442,"Male in his mid-60s with newly diagnosed Gleason 4 + 4 = 8 prostate cancer undergoes fluciclovine-PET/CT for initial staging of high-risk disease. PET/CT images demonstrate intense focal activity in the right midgland peripheral zone (arrow), corresponding to the location of the patient’s biopsy-proven prostate cancer."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006443,The tibial component axis is defined as the line perpendicular to the major axis of the implant. The tibial rotation angle is the angle between the tibial component axis and the tibial anteroposterior axis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006444,Lateral cephalogram obtained from CBCT suggesting class III skeletal pattern
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006445,"Measurement of root and crown length, line joining cementoenamel junction is taken a reference line. Distance from cusp tip and root apex to the reference line is considered as crown and root length, respectively"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006446,Crown-rump length (CRL).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006447,Location of the region of interest (black rectangle) on the trabecular bone of the neurocranium on a lateral skull radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006448,Second postoperative chest radiograph. The image shows the right internal jugular mediport again seen with the tip at the level of atriocaval junction. The arrow designates a new small-to-moderate size right pleural effusion/hemothorax. 
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006449,Computed tomographic angiogram of the chest with IV contrast. The arrow designates a large right-sided hemothorax. 
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006450,Post VATS chest radiograph. VATS: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery The image is showing interval placement of the right-sided chest tube with complete resolution of right-sided pleural effusion. 
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006451,Whole body PET/CT showing right breast suspicious mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006452,Abnormal echostructure of the uterus anterior wall.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006453,"CT abdomen and pelvis without contrast demonstrating high density (40 HU), 2 cm left adrenal incidentaloma."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006454,Immersive mode and editable.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006455,Computed tomography (CT) chest imaging of an 11-year-old patient with relapsed AML is shown. CT chest imaging with bilateral ground-glass opacities and pulmonary nodules (seen inside the black circle) consistent with pulmonary toxoplasmosis. The CT chest was performed 3 months prior to HSCT.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006456,"Transverse sonogram (18 MHz) of a superficial myxoma, showing a well-defined, round, homogeneous, and hypoechoic lesion located in the superficial dermis with elevation of the epidermis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006457,"Axial CT abdomen showing the SMV (blue arrow) to the left of the SMA (red arrow), which is pathognomonic for intestinal nonrotation. SMV - superior mesenteric vein; SMA - superior mesenteric artery"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006458,Topographic mandibular occlusal radiograph. Topographic mandibular occlusal radiograph showing an unusually large sialolith (white arrow) on the right side of the floor of the mouth.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006459,Plain AP radiograph taken 1.5 years post-surgery showing eccentric elevation of prosthetic femoral head. AP = anteroposterior.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006460,AP radiographs of the pelvis taken 2 years post-surgery following revision of hip components. AP = anteroposterior.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006461,MRI with left distal ureteral recurrence (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006462,"Transthoracic echocardiogram without contrast agent, demonstrating left ventricular apical thrombus (red arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006463, Cardiac MRI demonstrating a filling defect in the left ventricle consistent with a thrombus (red arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006464,Cardiac MRI demonstrating left ventricular non-compacted myocardium (red arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006465,Brain magnetic resonance imaging with contrast of our patient. A) Demonstrates significant mucosal thickening of the maxillary sinus (arrow) consistent with recurrent sinusitis. B) Demonstrates return of right frontal osteomyelitis (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006466,CT abdomen showing abdominal wall defect (green arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006467,A coronal fat-suppressed T2-weighted pre-treatment MRI showing a partial rupture of the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) tendon and a plica humero-radialis without impingement in Patient 5.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006468,Shows the template of the scope on the top of the head on sagittal MR image with the probe holder aimed at the foramen of Monro
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006469,"Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography 1 year ago in case 2 shows no ARPHD. ARPHD, aberrant right posterior hepatic duct."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006470, Ultrasound examination showing a voluminous septate cystic mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006471,Right MCA distribution infarct. MCA - Middle Cerebral Artery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006472,Distraction injury scanned by CT scan (showing damage occurrence at the 11th and 12th thoracic vertebrae).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006473,"Ultrasound performed 6 weeks post surgery. Blood flow appears normal in anterior cervix. Long arrow: location of caesarean section scar, short arrow: suspected location of cervical avulsion repair."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006474,Anteroposterior radiograph of the hips demonstrates bilateral unfused femoral proximal epiphyses and ossification centers of the lesser trochanters.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006475,x-Ray examination of both hands demonstrates that the bone age of the patient is 16 years.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006476,Small amount of subdiaphragmatic air suggesting bowel perforation (see white arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006477,"Posteroanterior chest X-ray in maximum inspiration, heart, and mediastinum size appears normal, costophrenic angles without presence of pleural effusion, gastric bubble in standard localization on the left side of the body, both lung fields appear clean without lung radiopacities or signs of intrathoracic mass."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006478,The coronal section of the CT scan of abdomen showing Bilateral Adrenal Haemorrhages.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006479,"“Actinomycosis involving the maxilla in a 56-year-old man. Axial contrast-enhanced CT image (bone window) shows irregular erosive bone destruction with irregular fragments of dense bone in the center of lysis, findings indicate chronic osteomyelitis”."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006480,plain radiography X-ray before stent removal: no knotting in the stent (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006481,Computed tomography scan at diagnosis: right upper lung non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) (pT. 2b. N. 0M. 0) of 6×6.5×4 cm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006482,Coronary angiography shows diffuse narrowing from the mid part of LCX to the distal of terminal OM.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006483, The pneumopericardium and right hemopneumothorax were obviously absorbed after tube thoracostomy was performed.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006484,"CT total body. Evidence of bilateral iliopsoas muscle volume increase, with different levels of attenuation from hemorrhagic infarction."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006485,Axial slice of arterial phase contrast computed tomography abdominal scan showing a jet of active arterial bleeding (red arrow) from the right inferior epigastric artery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006486,Breast MRI.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006487,Brain CT Coronal view showing acute bilateral basal ganglia hemorrhage.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006488,Magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis showing diffuse bilateral muscle edema without atrophy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006489,Anteroposterior radiograph of the pelvis and both hips showing bilateral fracture neck of femur (left side marked with red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006490,Anteroposterior radiograph of the pelvis and both hips showing bilateral fracture neck of femur with negative articular-trochanteric distance (green arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006491,"Right lateral radiograph illustrating an example of a vertebral heart scale calculation in a Brittany Spaniel suffering from a myxomatous mitral valve disease with a vertebral heart scale of 11.6 v (the image was acquired using a PICKER CONVIX 80–UNIVERSIX 120 device (Picker International, Uniontown, OH, USA); the kVp, mA, and time settings were not recorded). Two lines are drawn on the heart to measure its long and short axes. They are then transposed onto the spine and recorded as the number of vertebrae beginning with the cranial edge of T4. These values are estimated to one decimal place and added to obtain the vertebral heart size."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006492,Traditional Grammont-style prosthesis with medialized glenoid and 155° neck-shaft angle and inlay humeral component. Eccentric glenosphere has been used to avoid notching.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006493,Inflammation around aortobifemoral graft with loss of fat pad between graft and duodenum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006494,"Axial T2w-FFE sequence showing the straight line drawn to connect the landmark A with the landmark A1, and the second straight line drawn (dashed in the figure), with a course parallel to the first line and tangent to the sphericity of the humeral head. The tangency point corresponds to the point of maximum convexity of the humeral head and, moreover, to the origin (O) of our reference system"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006495,"US showed a solid mass (arrows) located within the brachial artery wall, encasing the vessel."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006496,"Pre-operative, T1-weighted, axial MRI image with contrast demonstrating left frontal lesion.Arrow: left frontal lesion"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006497,"Post-operative, T1-weighted, axial MRI image with contrast demonstrating resected left frontal lesion.Arrow: resection cavity of the left frontal lesion"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006498,"Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging revealing a large cystic lesion (accessory cavitated uterine mass, asterisk) localized in the left side of the uterus, apart from the normal endometrium. Polycystic ovaries were also found. EM, endometrial cavity."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006499,Computed tomography scan showing a giant esophageal polyp descending to the bifurcation of the trachea.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006500,Modified barium swallow showed a narrowing at the cricopharyngeal area (as indicated by the yellow arrow on the image).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006501,Ultrasonographic placental image at 17th week of gestation: subchorionic fibrin deposits (arrows) and blood pools (arrowhead) are observed.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006502,Resolution of left lower pulmonary vein thrombus. Repeat computed tomography angiogram revealed clot resolution after treatment with rivaroxaban. Similar transverse view of the chest is shown with blue arrow marking the previously seen thrombus location.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006503,"Computed tomography (CT) revealed both anomalous RCA and the normal LCA arose from the left coronary sinus, which coursed between the aorta and the pulmonary artery without an intramural segment"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006504,X-ray of the right knee (lateral view)The red asterisk shows the subtle area of effusion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006505,Alternating narrowing and dilatation in the intracranial vessel (sagittal plane). 3D Cube T2 Iso FSE sagittal sequence; black arrow—narrowing; white arrow—widening.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006506,Figure 4. Ultrasound image illustrating the distance from the needle to the posterior tibial artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006507," T 2‐weighted MRI, sagittal view of leptomeningeal metastasis in the meninges over the cerebellum"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006508,Computed tomography scan showed an 8 × 6 × 9 cm tumorous process along the right side of the heart.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006509,Fistulogram of colocutaneous peri-anal fistula.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006510,A Garden III femoral neck fracture
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006511,Sonography at 43 days of age. Hemothorax detected by chest sonography after first discharge without prophylaxis. Image shows the accumulation of clear fluid in the right pleural cavity under infra-hepatic view.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006512,Conventional radiography showing the ingested magnets.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006513,"CT abdomen and pelvis with IV, oral, and rectal contrasts showing the jejunal loops project lateral to the sigmoid in the left lumbar region (green arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006514,The abdominal computed tomography with and without contrast revealed focal extraluminal air in the left lower mesentery with adjacent bowel edema indicative of small bowel perforation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006515,"Unexpected venography.Opacified uterine cavity with normal contour (black filled arrow) and unexpected depiction of myometrial veins (white filled arrow) as well as the pelvic veins (stars), draining to the external iliac vein (outlined arrow). A balloon catheter was used to reduce pain during the HSG procedure."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006516,Echocardiogram M mode of left ventricle showing severe depression of myocardial contractility (blue arrows showing weak contractility) with wall asynchrony (yellow arrows showing incoordination between the wall muscles) and LV EDV 208 mL and LV ESV 165 mL with estimated ejection fraction of 21% and fraction of shorting of 10%LV EDV: left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LV ESV: left ventricular end-systolic volume; M mode: motion mode
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006517,"Post-implantation X-rays demonstrating appropriate placement of the hydroxyapatite-coated titanium implants through the right SI joint (from (36), used with permission)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006518,"PMT, PNBD and PD measurement on the second molar tooth level image.The oral surface of the palatal mucosa is indicated by the yellow line, PMT measurement lines were perpendicular to this surface. Distances to CEJ according to line colors: orange: two mm, green: four mm, white: six mm, blue: eight mm. Yellow curved line indicates the oral surface of the palatal mucosa. Purple line is palatal depth and red line is measurement of PNBD which shows the distance between CEJ and palatal groove. (PMT, Palatal mucosa thickness; PNBD, Palatal neurovascular bundle; PD, Palatal depth; CEJ, Cemento-enamel junction)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006519,"Normal hepatic vein flow pattern detected by Doppler. The hepatic vein has a triphasic waveform, which consists of an A wave above the baseline (representing atrial systole), and two waveforms below the baseline (S and D, representing venous return during ventricular systole and diastole, respectively)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006520,Coronal computed tomography scan images showing the left side intrapelvic dislocation of testis marked with red arrow.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006521,Post-operative follow-up X-ray after 6 months showing fracture union.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006522,PET/CT with FDG positive mass of the left cranial parapharyngeal space
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006523,Coronary angiography: non-obstructive free-floating intracoronary thrombus of the right coronary artery (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006524,"Right lateral abdominal radiography showing rectal compression, urinary bladder distension, and megacolon"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006525,Ultrasonographic cystic appearance of pelvic mass
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006526,"Cervical ultrasonography of lymph nodes shows abscess and sinus. Subcutaneous abscess is formed near the lymph nodes with ill-defined boundaries, and strips of hypoechoic sinuses are seen above extending into the skin"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006527,"CT axial view showing the right-sided inguinal hernia, containing the appendix."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006528,"CT coronal view showing the right-sided inguinal hernia, containing the appendix."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006529,"CT abdomen/pelvis demonstrated a small hypoattenuating lesion in the liver, measuring up to 7 mm. CT: computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006530,Computerized tomography (CT) with angiography with vena cava invasion. Computerized tomography (CT) with angiography showing a liver mass compatible with hepatocellular carcinoma with vena cava invasion (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006531,Lateral view of the right hind limb on radiograph at 132 days after TPLO. An area of high radiolucency in the proximal tibia (yellow arrows) and a periosteal reaction on the caudal side of the tibia (white arrows) were observed. (TPLO): tibial plateau leveling osteotomy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006532,A chest x-ray followed up after the onset of symptoms such as severe breathing difficulties and cough with foamy sputum. A newly developed ill-defined consolidation is observed in the left lung.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006533,Findings from the mammography (craniocaudal position); a strong lobulated shadow can be observed (red arrow marks the breast LELC).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006534,DWI sequence showing diffusion restriction (high signals) within prostate gland (arrows) consistent with prostatic carcinoma.DWI: diffusion-weighted imaging.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006535,Fat-suppressed T2-weighted sagittal magnetic resonance image of the left knee shows rupture of the left patellar tendon.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006536,Preoperative A‐P view of pelvis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006537,Placement of the upper and lower parts of the passer.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006538,First chest X-ray showing alveolitis type shadowing taking up two-thirds of the left lung
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006539,A follow-up chest radiography of the same patient showing near-complete resolution of the lung infiltrates.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006540,"A semi-erect chest radiograph (AP view) showing an enlarged cardiac silhouette (cardiothoracic ratio 0.65), splayed carina (carinal angle 115°), and mild perihilar congestion (arrow heads)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006541,Bedside TAUS on visit 2. FF = free fluid; MD = mantle distance; GS = gestational sac; F = fetus; U = uterus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006542,EAT measurement. EAT of the anterior wall of the right ventricle appears as a hypoechoic zone between the epicardium (red arrow below) and pericardium visceral layer (red arrow above).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006543,"MRI of the cervical spine, showing multilevel degenerative disc disease and no signs of demyelination, fracture deformity, traumatic subluxation, or compressive myelopathy"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006544,Lateral X-ray of the patient’s right knee showing gas in the suprapatellar pouch on day 2 (case 1).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006545,CT sagittal view: red arrow demonstrates infiltrative soft tissue leading to large bowel and rectum obstruction.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006546,Postoperative computed tomographic scan on axial slice showed an anterior breach of S2AI screw on the right side
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006547,"Measurement of the translation at the operated level. The flexion and extension radiographs were superimposed by aligning the inferior vertebrae. The tangent (in red) of the inferior endplate of the prosthesis was made, and the two lines perpendicular to the red line, touching the inferior anterior tip of the superior endplate of the prosthesis in flexion (line in white) and extension (line in black), were erected. The vertical distance between these two parallel lines was determined as the translation"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006548,CECT of the neck. CECT of the neck shows a well-defined lobulated mass with irregular margins and cystic areas measuring 3.5*3.5*5cm in the right submandibular region extending up to the midline (shown in pink arrow). Also non-visualized thyroid parenchyma suggestive of congenital hypoplastic thyroid (shown in red arrow).CECT - contrast-enhanced computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006549,Follow-up MRI after minimal invasive PAO with anteversion of the acetabulum showing normal anatomy of the right psoas tendon (yellow arrow) and intraarticular position of the left iliopsoas tendon (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006550,"In fat (water)-based images in non–contrast-enhanced phase, fat concentration was measured by placing one 2D ROI, as the same position as the ROI in IDEAL-IQ fat traction images. 2D, 2-dimensional."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006551,Lateral intraoperative fluoroscopy of the thoracic spine showing interbody cage between T1 and T3 (red arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006552,An increased opacification in the right mid-zone and left upper zone
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006553,"Axial view of pelvic computed tomography scan demonstrating an uncompressed left renal vein, ruling out nutcracker syndrome. Ao, Aorta; LRV, left renal vein; SMA, superior mesenteric artery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006554,Descending venography after embolization showing adequate embolization of the gonadal vein.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006555,CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis. Peripancreatic fat is infiltrated (arrows) and there is a fluid surrounding the pancreas and along with the lesser sac consistent with acute pancreatitis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006556,Fluoroscopic image of guidewire crossing the obstructing tumor.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006557,"Arterial portography at postoperative day 39. Extravasation of contrast medium from the right side of the superior mesenteric vein (arrow), faint visualization of the portal vein (arrowhead), and left gastric vein (dotted arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006558,TTE showing a large pericardial effusion (red arrow)TTE - transthoracic echocardiogram
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006559,"CT of chest showing multiple, large multi-loculated pleural effusions of the right hemithorax causing complete opacification (red arrows)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006560,"Approaching the ONAB in a sagittal plane from a caudal to cephalic direction. IMA: inferomedial acetabulum, P: pectineus, OE: obturator externus, *: acetabular and/or posterior branch of the obturator artery, white hollow arrow: needle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006561,Sagittal T2-weighted MRI image demonstrating an intermediate signal intensity soft tissue mass located in the dome of the bladder (arrow) with an intact bladder wall and no extravesical invasion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006562,Orthopantomogram (OPG) radiograph
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006563,"T2-weighted sagittal MRI of a shoulder following successful healing of a supraspinatus tear with DBM, PRP, and cBMA augmentation."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006564,Measurement of patellar height and the length of the patellar ligament. The patellar length (white double arrow) was measured from the superior articular margin to the distal anterior tip of the patella. The patellar ligament length (white dashed double arrow) was measured along the posterior margin of the ligament from the patellar attachment to the tibial insertion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006565,"Sheep liver with a unilocular, rounded, anechoic E. granulosus cyst (arrow). Portal vein (*). Courtesy of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Sassari (Italy)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006566,"Ascitic effusion (*) and anechoic cystic structures in the omentum (arrows) in a dog with peritoneal mesocestodiasis. Courtesy of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Sassari (Italy)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006567,"Ultrasonographic tapevisualisation in mid-sagittal scan: Dist 1: urethral length (U), Dist 2: distance from the external urethral orifice to the lower edge of the tape (T)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006568,Ultrasonographic tape visualisation in a transverse scan: Dist: distance between the tape and the urethral lumen (TUL)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006569,"MRI brain T1 post contrast showing leptomeningeal enhancement.Abbreviation: MRI, magnetic resonance imaging."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006570,Measurement technique of the posterior tibial translation in stress radiographs in approximately the 90° posterior drawer position.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006571,"Oblique coronal computerised tomogram of aorta, maximum intensity projection (MIP), showing right aortic arch (Ao) and left innominate (*) artery with mirror image branching."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006572,Axial CT image of the abdomen. It shows abdominal wall defect and the herniated small bowel and colon.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006573,"Bilateral normal appreciation of the peripheral hypoglossal nerve (white arrows) on an axial 3D CRANI image after MIP/MPR showing its course around the great vessels before innervating the tongue. 3D, three-dimensional; CRANI, CRAnial Nerve Imaging"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006574,Computed tomography imaging after King laryngeal tube (A) and endotracheal tube (B) insertion. The laceration is shown (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006575,CT abdomen demonstrating a mass-like thickening in the region of the gastric fundus with a focus of calcification (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006576,"CT thorax demonstrating increased ground-glass density change within the bilateral lower lobes with some interstitial thickening, suggestive of worsening interstitial lung disease."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006577,"Medium-large translucent pericardial effusion, predominantly adjacent to the posterior and lateral LV walls. The basal segments of these walls were thinned and there was evidence of bidirectional flow into pericardial space using Doppler colour flow. There were no clinical or echocardiographic signs of cardiac tamponade."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006578,"PET scan showing progression of disease for case 1. Metastasis to the liver, sternum, and sclerotic osseous lesions to the spine and right iliac."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006579,Intraoperative fluoroscopy demonstrating the tunnel position for the transosseous fixation device used to dock the hamstring autograft. The regions of tendinotic calcification and the insertional enthesophyte have been resected.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006580,Pre-operative orthopantomogram (OPG) showing the discontinuity of the bony fragments at the right angle region of the mandible
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006581,Upright Chest X‐ray
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006582,"CT findings at 30 months after surgery. The isodense area at the tumor resection site shows no tendency to increase, and there is no evidence of recurrence on CT imaging. Arrowheads indicate the site of tumor removal. The isodensity in the left ethmoid sinus is due to chronic sinusitis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006583,Bilateral proximal femoral deformity with a ground-glass appearance.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006584, A lateral view on first videofluoroscopic swallowing study. The picture showed aspirated thin water to trachea.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006585,MRI spine sagittal view revealed hyperintense lesion over T9 and T10 vertebral bodies.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006586,CT of the chest without IV contrast on arrival to our hospital depicting ground glass opacities consistent with a COVID-19 infection
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006587,Admission CT of the abdomen without contrast showing no cystic lesions or masses
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006588,CT of abdomen and pelvis with intravenous contrast depicting a pancreatic head pseudocyst measuring 5.7x3.7 cm (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006589,Presenting positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Representative positron emission tomography/computed tomography coronal slice of the left upper lobe cavitary adenocarcinoma with hyper-metabolic rind and nonbulky lymphadenopathy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006590,Digital Subtraction Angiography was performed using CO2 before embolisation in a patient allergic to contrast.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006591,A contrast meal showing hugely dilated stomach extending down to the pelvis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006592,Illustration of Reimer’s migration index on both sides and migration difference calculation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006593,"Determination of the optimal insertion length on chest radiograph. The trachea and main bronchus are outlined by a blue solid line. The optimal insertion length was determined by subtracting the vertical distance (V) between the tip and the carina (C) from the actual inserted length. C: level of the carina, V: vertical distance between the catheter tip and the carina, O: optimal position of the catheter tip."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006594,"Still frame image from Supplementary material online, Video S3. Transoesophageal echocardiography with colour Doppler using a mid-oesophageal bicaval view that shows how the Chiari network guides the direction of the tricuspid regurgitant jet through the patent foramen ovale."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006595,"Normal left main, previously patent LAD stent. LAD: left anterior descending artery"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006596,A 3.0 × 40 mm DES was negotiated and deployed. DES: drug-eluting stent
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006597,Final TIMI flow. TIMI: thrombolysis in myocardial infarction
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006598,Initial MRI head showing normal study
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006599,CT Head showing hypodense lesion in left temporal lobe (arrow) possible ischemic foci.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006600,"CT-guided core biopsy (Tru-cut), with the red asterisk showing the location of the tumor."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006601,Abdominal CT scan revealed that the small bowel was incarcerated in the right obturator foramen and part of the bladder was impacted in the left obturator foramen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006602, Barium esophagogram showed that the lower esophagus was compressed to approximately 5.5 cm (arrowheads).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006603,MR brain FLAIR weighted imaging sagittal view demonstrating solitary focus of subcortical white matter signal change in the left temporal tip.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006604,"Chest radiograph shows no evidence of pneumonia, except for persistent interstitial infiltrates due to chronic idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Abbreviations: PA, posteroanterior; RT, right."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006605,"Right axillar lymph node, 20.3X30.7mm."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006606,Renal angiography showing >90% stenosis of an ostial-proximal segment of the left renal artery with a string of beads appearance.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006607,Computed tomography (CECT) of the abdomen showing massive left perinephric subcapsular hematoma (7.8 x 4.7 x 15.3 cm) without peritoneal collection.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006608," Chest radiography of pericardial primitive neuroectodermal tumor in a 3-year-old boy. Anteroposterior chest radiography revealed an enlarged, flask-shaped heart shadow, and a small amount of effusion in the right pleural cavity."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006609,"Measurement of LME. Identify a coronal image at the level of the medial collateral ligament, draw a vertical line that indicates the edge of lateral tibial plateau and a horizonal line that is perpendicular to the vertical line. The length of the horizonal line indicates LME. (LME lateral meniscus extrusion)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006610,an ultrasound scan shows bilobed solid lesion measuring 39x15x24 mm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006611,"Femoral nerve blocking guided by ultrasound. Arrow indicates the femoral nerve, which is surrounded by injected ropivacaine."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006612,"Axial T2 image at the level of the center of the femoral head, showing CSA and anteroposterior diameter of the TFL and sartorius muscle bellies."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006613,Panoramic radiograph (5 months follow-up). Beginning of re-ossification of the ramus. No signs of recurrence.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006614,"Typical radiographic pattern in a moderate SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia case. This CXR showed reticular, ground-glass opacities and consolidations in bilateral lower and mid-zones. In the bilateral mid-zones, the lesion had a peripheral predominant distribution. The Brixia score was 9, the RALE score was 5, and the mCXR score was 7. This case was classified as moderate pneumonia based on clinical severity. The qCSI was 4."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006615,"Typical radiographic pattern in a critical case of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. This CXR showed ground-glass opacities and consolidations in bilateral, peripheral lower, and mid-zones. The Brixia score was 12, the RALE score was 7, and the mCXR score was 9. This case was classified as a critical situation based on clinical severity. The qCSI was 9."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006616,"Atypical radiographic pattern in a critical SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia case. The CXR showed diffuse consolidations in bilateral lung fields with the air bronchogram sign. The Brixia score was 18, the RALE score was 8, and the mCXR score was 12. This case was classified as a critical situation based on clinical severity. The qCSI was 10."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006617,T2 coronal showing twouteruses. Upper vaginal cavity is distended with hyperintense collection
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006618,T2 axial shows dilated endometrial cavity of uterus communicating with collection of upper vaginal cavity
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006619,Preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan of the injured shoulder of a patient from the case group
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006620,Post-operative anteroposterior radiograph of the pelvis after total hip replacement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006621,Initial chest X-ray upon presentation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006622,Post-intubation chest X-ray.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006623,"Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) subcostal view. A large circumferential pericardial effusion with early diastolic right ventricle free-wall inversion. LV (Left ventricle), PE (Pericardial effusion), RA (Right atrium), RV (Right ventricle)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006624,Axial computerized tomographic image demonstrating the double aortic arch and a very small tracheal lumen due to acute angulation between two anterior arches. Arrow 1: Right aortic arch; Arrow 2: Left aortic arch; Arrow 3: Origin of left subclavian artery; Arrow 4: Narrow trachea and esophagus in the vascular ring complex indicating narrow anterior angle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006625,Dental film showing the foreign body at position 21.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006626,Pre-induction CT imaging of left lower lobe tumor revealing mass enlargement compared to size on presentation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006627,Post-induction chemotherapy CT imaging of left lower lobe tumor revealing shrunken mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006628,"a non-contrast axial CT scan of the head showing an acute right basal ganglia hemorrhage (red arrow), perilesional edema (blue short arrows), extension into the ipsilateral lateral ventricle (yellow arrow) and mass effect (green arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006629,"a non-contrast head CT scan showing acute subdural hematomas with loss of gyri and sulci (red short and violet arrows), mass effect (green short arrows), midline shift (yellow arrow) compared to the normal midline position (yellow short arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006630,CT arterial phase angiogram shows left AVF (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006631,A screenshot of the sagittal cut of Fig. 3. A tangential line connecting the lamina of the same vertebrae to the one above is drawn (the interlaminar line).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006632,Abdominal CT scan showing intramural gas in the small intestine and portal gas
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006633,Right-sided superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis. Enlargement of the superior ophthalmic vein and lack of contract uptake (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006634,Mesencephalon-to-pons ratio (M/P ratio) for a patient with PSP-RS.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006635,The maximal left to right width of the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles (FH) for a patient with PSP-RS.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006636,"Estimation of Young’s modulus using shear-wave elastography in a kidney. The region of interest box was placed in the mid portion of the right renal cortex. On the right is the normal shear-wave velocity, measured in real time the maximum elastic value (Emax), average elastic value (Emean), minimum elastic value (Emin)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006637,Cross-sectional computed tomography image of the abdomen showing the superior mesenteric vein (red arrow) with intraluminal thrombus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006638,"Cavernous transformation of the portal vein (red arrow), a sequela of portal vein thrombosis with an interval development of multiple venous collaterals (blue arrows) in the mesenteric fat, porta hepatis, and adjacent to the head of the pancreas secondary to the chronic portal vein and superior mesenteric vein thromboses."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006639,Re-staging positron emission tomography-computed tomography. The image shows a rounded right axillary lymph node (9 mm × 8 mm) demonstrating no abnormal uptake and slightly increased size before the examination (7 mm × 6 mm).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006640,One of our patients who underwent a pm. VSD closure with eccentric zero-edge VSD Amplatzer and a muscular VSD closure with a muscular VSD Amplatzer
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006641,Axial view of CTPA revealing filling defects in the left lower lobe.CTPA: computed tomography pulmonary angiogram
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006642,Ultrasound image of globe and orbit OD. Orbital structures are considered normal. Hypoechoic material is seen in the anterior chamber and at the level of the ciliary body (stars); a focal discontinuity in the posterior lens capsule is suspected (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006643,Axial CT image (bone algorithm) showing a 25 G needle placed in the infraorbital foramen and penetrating the globe of a small domestic shorthair cat
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006644,Unremarkable liver visualized on computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis with no hepatic nodules/lesions noted.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006645,Bilateral hydroureteronephrosis (red arrows) and distended bladder (orange arrow) noted on computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006646,Lateral fluoroscopic image demonstrating distortion of the proximal portion of the flow diverting device. The black arrow demonstrates the portion of the device that incompletely opened.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006647,A postoperative panoramic radiograph taken 1 day after surgery reveals a sharp outline in the crestal portion and a relatively sharp outline in the basal part of the mandibular body.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006648,Lateral cephalogram.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006649,Sagittal oblique closed mouth position T2-weighted MRI of the left joint: joint effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006650,Non-contrast CT study shows right sided basal ganglia hyperdense hemorrhage noted with mass effect ipsilateral lateral ventricle and related perifocal edema. Extension of the hemorrhage into the ventricular system.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006651,"A measurement trace around the cross-sectional area of the paraspinal muscle at the L4-5 level of spine using Image J software program (produced by Wayne Rasband, United States National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006652,Low-lying umbilical venous catheter.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006653,Short-TI Inversion Recovery coronal sequence showing hyperintense signal in lower sacral vertebrae representing changes due to chronic osteomyelitis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006654,Periapical radiographic images showing a radiolucent area of apex with bone rarefaction on Tooth 12
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006655,Periapical radiographic image showing bone formation after eight months
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006656,Liver MRI. Axial T2 weighted image showed marked hypointensity without hypointensity in the spleen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006657,Tumor scan mark image.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006658,Image of tumor scan marks after image processing.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006659,Image of cancer ROI after image processing.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006660,CT pulmonary angiogram shows extensive bilateral pulmonary embolisms with evidence of right heart enlargement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006661,Plain X-ray at the admission.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006662,Postoperative X Ray of the shoulder at 6 month follow-up.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006663,Anatomical measurements of the calcar stem hemiarthroplasty side and intact side values. Anatomical measurements were evaluated by calculating the difference between the calcar stem hemiarthroplasty side and intact side values. The femoral neck offset difference is the horizontal distance between the hip rotation center and the femoral shaft anatomical axle difference between the prosthetic side and the intact side (yellow lines: x-x1). The femoral vertical offset difference was measured as the vertical distance between the center of the femoral head and the trochanter minor between the prosthetic side and intact side (pink lines: y-y1). The head-neck angle difference is the difference between the partial prosthesis and the stem (red lines: a-a1). The center edge angle of the Wiberg angle is the perpendicular line drawn to the center of the head and the lateral corner of the acetabulum roof difference between the prosthetic side and the intact side (blue lines: b-b1). The distance between the trochanter major and the lateral corner of the acetabulum roof difference between the prosthetic side and the intact side (green line: z-z1).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006664,Anatomical measurements of the straight stem hemiarthroplasty side and intact side values. Anatomical measurements were evaluated by calculating the difference between the straight stem hemiarthroplasty side and intact side values. The femoral neck offset difference is the horizontal distance between the hip rotation center and the femoral shaft anatomical axe difference between the prosthetic side and the intact side (yellow lines: x-x1). The femoral vertical offset difference was measured as the vertical distance between the center of the femoral head and the trochanter minor between the prosthetic side and the intact side (pink lines: y-y1). The head-neck angle difference is the difference between the partial prosthesis and the stem (red lines: a-a1). The center edge angle of the Wiberg angle is the perpendicular line drawn to the center of the head and the lateral corner of the acetabulum roof difference between the prosthetic side and the intact side (light blue lines: b-b1).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006665,MRI lumbar region showing nodules (red arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006666,Large left renal mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006667,CT Scan 2 months postoperatively: stability of the tumoral residue on right iliac fossa.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006668,Orthopantomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006669,"CT scan of the chest showing a hypoplastic left lung with basilar reticulations, pulmonary fibrosis, and cystic airspace disease with a hypoplastic left pulmonary artery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006670,CT scan of the abdomen showing left lung base fibrosis and airspace disease as well as bilateral extensive kidney cystic disease consistent with patient's history of ADPKD.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006671,Aspects of pulmonary CT-ground-glass opacities. Repeated pulmonary CT scan (after three weeks) showing the same aspects.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006672,Chest Xray on admission.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006673,"Transverse STIR sequence demonstrating high signal within the right adductor brevis and adductor magnus muscles (arrow) indicating denervation oedema. STIR, short-tau inversion recovery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006674,Computertomographic fibrotic signs of radiation-associated pneumonitis six months after completion of radiotherapy. Diagnostic computed tomography of the patient with a typical lung tissue fibrosis after symptomatic pneumonitis six months after completion of APBI. The tumor bed clips indicate the similar position as in Figure 1.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006675,Gall bladder showing the presence of inflammation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006676,Gall bladder showing the presence of pericholecystic fluid
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006677,"Chest radiograph shows a new left mid-lung consolidation (white arrow), right-sided pleural effusion (arrow), and left lower lobe pulmonary artery CardioMEMS device (arrowhead)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006678,Selective pulmonary angiogram showing a large pseudoaneurysm (arrow) arising from a branch supplying the superior segment of the left lower lobe in the left mid-lung.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006679,"White arrow shows the progressive erosive changes at the right sternoclavicular joint with erosions involving the distal clavicle and adjacent sternum, consistent with acute osteomyelitis of the sternoclavicular joint."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006680,final angiography showing the total exclusion of the aneurysm (red arrows) total occlusion of the left hypogastric artery (blue arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006681,Second CT scan. A follow-up brain CT taken 3 hours after admission shows a low-density band in the right frontal area.CT: computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006682,Computed tomographic (CT) neck with contrast. Axial view showing left palatine tonsillar mass extending to midline measuring 2 × 72.5 × 2.7 cm (red arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006683,Ultrasonographic image of the right side of the neck depicting stellate gangliona: stellate ganglion above the longus colli muscle. Site for deposition of local anesthetic solution. b: longus colli muscle. c: right carotid artery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006684,"Parameters measured on a lateral radiograph. The vertebral compression ratio was calculated by the following formula: (1–[2 × AVH/UVH + LVH]) × 100. AVH = anterior vertebral height, CA = Cobb angle, LVH = lower vertebral height, MVH = middle vertebral height, PVH = posterior vertebral height, UVH = upper vertebral height."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006685,"Chest X-ray anteroposterior view showing ill-defined ground-glass opacification (GGO) in the lower left and right lung zone, with an overall score of 2."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006686,Computed tomography angiogram for pulmonary embolism. Yellow arrow pointing to contrast filling defect at the location of the right atrial thrombus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006687,axial view of CT brain showing post-operative changes
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006688,The specific location of the anatomic femoral attachment point on the standard lateral radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006689,The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) patellar located on the imaging signs.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006690,Ultrasound image of the right hemiscrotum showing gas bubbles causing acoustic shadowing and ringdown reverberation artifacts obscuring the deep tissue namely testicular parenchyma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006691,CT angiogram showing saddle pulmonary embolus (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006692, The needle inside the left axillary vein.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006693,Postoperative chest X-ray of Patient 1 indicating the position of the outflow joint (inferiorly in the costodiaphragmatic recess) and the contact of the pump housing with the lateral chest wall.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006694,Initial CT of the chest.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006695,"CT chest showing moderate pericardial effusion (red arrow), moderate right-sided pleural effusion (green arrow), and mild left-sided pleural effusion (white arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006696,Cross-sectional view of the MRI showing a well-defined cystic mass lesion in the uncinated process and the head of the pancreas (arrow A) causing gross tortuous dilatation of the pancreatic duct (arrow B).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006697,LUS of a non-COVID-19 patient showed areas of consolidation with small areas of air bronchogram and thick smooth pleural line. B-lines were few and not so confluent
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006698,Illustration of technique. This T2 sequence fetal MRI illustrates a patient with a vein of Galen malformation (VOGM). The procedure is completed by a collaboration between a high-risk Maternal Fetal Medicine specialist introducing a transuterine 19 G needle (red) under ultrasound guidance into the confluence of sinuses and allows access into the varix for a microcatheter (blue) to deliver coils for embolisation (green).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006699,Axial CT image throughout the pelvis shows a 7 mm calcification (arrow) attached to the midline of the anterior wall of the urinary bladder.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006700,T2-weighted MRI of the brain-axial section showing subtle focal patchy hyperintensities in bilateral cerebellar hemispheres (arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006701,Panoramic radiograph showing an unilocular radiolucency in the right maxilla (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006702,Gout of the tibialis anterior tendon. (a) Long-axis color Doppler US image along the dorsal aspect of the ankle and (b) short-axis gray scale US image of the tibialis anterior tendon in the same region show marked thickening and heterogeneous echogenicity of the tibialis anterior tendon consistent with severe tendinopathy and MSU crystal deposition (dashed arrows) with a more discrete echogenic focus of tophaceous gout (arrows) with posterior shadowing in (b). (c) A 3D reformatted dual energy CT (DECT) image of the ankle shows green encoded foci in the tibialis anterior tendon-related MSU crystal deposition concordant with US findings. DECT image acquired at 0.8–1.5 mm on a dual energy Siemens Somatom Force helical CT scanner using Syngovia post-processing software to demonstrate MSU crystals encoded in green.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006703,Axial CT with IV contrast demonstrating multiple round fluid collections in the spleen (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006704,Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain with contrast: T1- and T2-weighted images demonstrate occlusion of the right sigmoid sinus indicated by yellow arrow.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006705,Plain radiograph of the chest on day 11 of hospital admission. Opacity at the right upper and left lower lung fields can be observed
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006706,Grayscale ultrasound picture - transversal view showing a normal Achilles midportion and medial on the superficial side of the Achilles there is a plantaris tendon (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006707,"A close-up of the panoramic X-ray image of the patient received from the hospital, with the osteosynthesis in place on the left angle of the mandible."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006708,Axial contrast-enhanced images of the pelvis demonstrating a large heterogeneous mass (red arrow) with calcifications (blue arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006709,Sagittal contrast images show the same mass (red arrow) exerting a mass effect and displacing the urinary bladder superiorly (yellow arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006710,Axial MRI T1 post-contrast sequence shows an avidly enhancing heterogeneous mass (red arrow) with multiple areas of necrosis (yellow arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006711,"Sagittal contrast-enhanced images of the abdomen and pelvis show postoperative changes within the anterior abdominal wall (yellow arrow) and post-surgical changes within the pelvis, including air (red arrow), fluid, and blood products (blue arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006712,"Electrocardiogram-gated CT angiography in oblique coronal plane depicts a contrast-filled outpouching from the proximal ascending aorta just above the sinotubular junction in favor of Pseudoaneurysm (A) Pseudoaneurysm, (B) ascending aorta"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006713,"In final angiogram, a minimal extravasation remained which disappeared in following non-invasive imagings"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006714,"Electrocardiogram-gated CT angiography in the oblique sagittal plane in the same patient, one months after successful device closure demonstrates complete thrombosis of the pseudoaneurysm sac. A completely thrombosed pseudoaneurysm sac. Arrow head: device arrow: completely occluded pseudoaneurysm neck"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006715,"Brain MRI, axial FLAIR, revealing hypersignal and locoregional thickening of the superior frontal sulcus."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006716,Chest X-ray.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006717,"T2-weighted axial image shows the axillary lymph node levels I, II, and III. Level I is located laterally to the lateral margin (blue dotted line) of the pectoralis minor muscle (white arrow), level II is located between the lateral (blue dotted line) and the medial margin (yellow dotted line) of the pectoralis minor muscle, and level III is located medially to the medial margin (yellow dotted line) of the pectoralis minor muscle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006718,"Upon the first diagnosis of pembrolizumab-induced pneumonitis based on interval interstitial infiltrate in the posterior segment of the right upper, middle, and lower lobes"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006719,Pulmonary nodule in January 2020
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006720,Multiple nodular masses in the right lower lobe in January 2019
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006721,Angiography of the right subclavian and left vertebral arteries: 1—stenosis of the right vertebral artery 60% at the mouth.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006722,Echocardiography showed normal left ventricular function with no wall-motion abnormality.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006723,MRI brain shows normal ventricles. The image shows a T2-weighted FLAIR sequence taken on a 1.5-Tesla scanner. Dotarem intravenous contrast (12 mL) was administered. MRI brain with contrast found no acute pathology.FLAIR: Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006724,MRI brain shows normal cerebellum. The image shows a T2-weighted FLAIR sequence taken on a 1.5-Tesla scanner. Dotarem intravenous contrast (12 mL) was administered. The cerebellar hemispheres have normal volume without evidence of signal change or mass effect.FLAIR: Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006725,Coronary angiography showing complete occlusion of the left coronary artery (LCA)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006726,"Anomalous left circumflex artery originating from right coronary artery transesophageal echocardiogram, short-axis view, AO= aortic valve, ALCx = anomalous left circumflex artery"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006727,CT findings of cases with highly advanced gastric cancer. Multiple dilations and wall-thickening of the small bowel suggest multiple small-bowel obstructions are found.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006728,Temporal CT axial reformatted image shows the left mastoid emissary vein canal (arrow). The diameter of the canal is 2.5 mm. CT: Computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006729,Postoperative anteroposterior (AP) radiograph of the left shoulder status post open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with fibular strut augmentation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006730,T2-weighted MRI of the proximal humerus demonstrating minimal osseous integration (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006731,Transoesophageal echocardiography demonstrated a mobile mass in the distal portion of the ascending aortic tube graft (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006732,Invertogram.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006733,Follow-up X-ray 6 months after surgery. The anteroposterior view of the pelvis shows the correct placement of the implants and a boney healing of the Os ilium.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006734,Coronal CT image of paranasal sinuses done in 2010 showing a deviated nasal septal spur with pansinusitis and blockade of the bilateral osteomeatal complex.CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006735,Coronal CT image of paranasal sinuses done in 2018 showing postoperative status with pansinusitis with significant mucosal thickening and collection of pus in the right maxillary sinus.CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006736,Coronal CT image of paranasal sinuses done in 2019 showing postoperative status with pansinusitis with bilateral mucosal thickening and collection of pus in the left maxillary sinus.CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006737,Postoperative spine X-rays showing T8-L1 posterior fixation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006738,Diffuse inguinal lymphadenopathy seen on computed tomography scan of the abdomen/pelvis (marked by blue arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006739,"Segmentation of PCA Proximal posterior cerebral artery was defined as first and second segment of PCA. PCA, posterior cerebral artery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006740,"Preoperative Thorax-Abdomen contrast-enhanced CT, showing left postero-lateral diaphragmatic lesion involving the left diaphragmatic pillar and the herniation of the stomach and the spleen in thorax, associated with a lung parenchyma compression and dislocation of the mediastinum."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006741,CT of the chest on presentation. White arrows show extensive bilateral reticulonodular opacities throughout the lung parenchyma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006742,"after the deployment of the stent graft, the blood flow through the anterior tibial artery was restored"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006743,Computed tomography abdomen (axial view) demonstrating the missing inferior vena cava filter limbs.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006744,Violation of the lamina papyracea creating communication between the sinus and orbital apex (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006745,Magnetic resonance imaging of brain and orbit showing an elliptical lesion at the posterior aspect of the left globe with diffuse thickening of the left optic nerve in the second case.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006746,"Chest X-ray of the patient during mechanical ventilatory support revealing bilateral alveolar opacities (blue arrows), suggesting pulmonary hemorrhage, and bilateral pulmonary infiltrations (yellow arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006747,Chest x-ray showing diffuse bilateral opacities in the upper lungs.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006748,"Transverse sections through selected key points (A: anterior inferior iliac spine, B: acetabular inner wall, C: inferior margin of the teardrop, D: ischial tuberosity)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006749,The radiograph of the right foot after the surgical treatment.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006750,B-mode ocular ultrasound of the left eye showing retinal detachment.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006751,Preoperative radiographs showing the lateral view of the right knee.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006752,Postoperative radiographs showing the anteroposterior view of the right knee.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006753,ECG (subcostal view) with right atrium thrombus (5 x 4 x 3 cm).  Arrow: Thrombus; IVC: Inferior vena cava; RA: Right atrium.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006754,"Sample FLAIR MRI image from a patient with sporadic SVD, with hotspots of microglial activation (yellow) and BBB permeability (blue) overlaid."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006755,Axial non-contrast-enhanced CT image from a 26-year-old female patient with COVID-19. Pure ground-glass opacities were observed in the peripheral area in the left lower lobe. The maximum diameter of the lesion was 4.5 cm. The left lower lobe score was 1 because the lung parenchyma was less than 25%.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006756,Magnetic resonance image of the lumbosacral spine (sagittal T1-weighted image)Hypointense signals below the superior endplates of L1 and L3 (arrows) are shown. L: lumbar. 
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006757," Magnetic resonance short-TI inversion recovery image (coronal image)Both hip joints reveal hyperintensities in the femoral heads, which are more severe on the left, and femoral head collapse accompanied by increased acetabular femoral joint space, suggestive of grade III avascular necrosis on the left side (big arrow) and grade I avascular necrosis (small arrow) on the right side. A mild amount of fluid is noted in both joints."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006758,Illustration of the radiological measurement based on X-rays. FH: foraminal height; DH: disc height; FA: foraminal area; SL: segmental lordosis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006759,Magnetic resonance imaging of the head showing an extra-axial mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006760,"MRI of the brain: acute/early subacute ischemic infarct involving the left frontal, parietal and occipital lobes with effacement of the sulci. No definite hemorrhagic transformation is seen. There is extensive thrombosis involving the dural sinuses."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006761,Transthoracic echocardiogram showing a parasternal long-axis view of a thickened anterior mitral valve leaflet and an anterior left atrial wall.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006762,Transthoracic echocardiogram showing an apical two-chamber view of a thickened anterior mitral valve leaflet.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006763,Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showing an axial view of a sheet-like mass adherent to the septal side of the left atrial cavity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006764,"Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showing an axial view of the mass, which is hyperintense to myocardium on the T2 weighted sequence."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006765,A 15-year-old male with transposition of the great arteries who underwent arterial switch operation.Coronal cine MRI demonstrates a dilated nAo with mild aortic regurgitation (arrow) toward the LV.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006766,"In a 21-year-old female after Fontan operation, coronal cardiac CT image demonstrates several small APCs (arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006767,Testicular ultrasound showing a hypoechoic left extra testicular scrotal mass that is highly vascularized at Doppler.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006768,"Thoracic saccular limited dorsal myeloschisis with neural stalk that traverses the cerebrospinal fluid sac and reaches the small skin crater at the top of the cystic dome, presumably the original site of disjunction failure. Reused from Pang et al. [25] with permission from Springer Nature."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006769,Radioiodine whole-body scintigraphy demonstrated uptake of I-131 in the thyroid bed and the pancreas head (white arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006770,"Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the brain.Axial view, T1-weighted images show multiple parenchymal hemorrhages (arrows) and subdural hemorrhages (arrowheads)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006771,"Non-Contrast CT of the brain, axial view. This image shows bilateral calcification of the basal ganglia."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006772,OPG showing disto-proximal caries with 36OPG - Orthopantomogram
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006773,Post-operative radiograph
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006774,"Point-of-care echocardiogram subcostal view during systole showing ventricular pacer lead (arrow) beyond right ventricular chamber. No pericardial effusion is seen. RV, right ventricle; LV, left ventricle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006775,Points of interest and coordinate axis of VFSS image with Y-axis defined as the line connecting anterior–inferior corner of C3 and C5 vertebral bodies.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006776,CT abdomen/pelvis with contrast demonstrating no acute pathology.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006777,The orbital contrast-enhanced MRI shows enhancement of the left oculomotor nerve (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006778,Computed tomography image of brain. There was a small amount of hemorrhage in the left temporal lobe (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006779,81-Year-old male (ID 7) preoperative anterior–posterior view with a both column acetabular fracture
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006780,CECT abdomen showing bilateral ovarian masses. No ascites/omental caking detected. Arrows show bilateral ovarian mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006781,"CT of the abdomen and pelvis showing lymphadenopathy (indicated by red arrows) in the retroperitoneum, with left para-aortic nodes as large as 2 cm and with multiple nodes at the base of the small bowel mesentery and multiple right and left para-aortic nodes"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006782,COR T1GD.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006783,ADC map.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006784,"Chest radiography remarkable for a moderate size hiatal hernia (blue arrow), eventration of the right hemidiaphragm (red arrow), left basilar density with blunting of the left costophrenic angle, and scoliosis"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006785,CT with contrast angiography with a sagittal view of a large hiatal hernia with suspected organo-axial volvulus and free fluid surrounding the distal esophagus
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006786,CT with contrast angiography with a coronal view of a large hiatal hernia (star) with suspected organo-axial volvulus and free fluid surrounding the distal esophagus with moderate hemoperitoneum surrounding the liver and spleen
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006787,"Transoesophageal echocardiograghy shows a 41 × 33 × 15 mm vegetation (arrow), in the right atrium, entrapping the ventricular pacemaker lead. RA, right atrium."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006788,Pretreatment panoramic radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006789,"Panoramic radiograph during treatment progression, showing lack of space for eruption of the mandibular right second molar."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006790,Non-contrast CT brain demonstrating right temporal lobe hemorrhage with a hyperdense right transverse sinus (arrow).CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006791,Shows bulky thyroid gland tissue on PET scan suggestive of thyroiditis 876x422mm (38 x 38 DPI)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006792,Coronal maximum intensity projection (MIP) image of pulmonary angiogram shows embolus (white arrow) in the anterior branch of the left main pulmonary artery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006793,CT pelvis at admission demonstrating bilateral inguinal lymphadenopathy and subcutaneous fat stranding of lower abdominal wall.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006794,CL measurement curve line technique.Transvaginal ultrasonography in sagittal section. The endocervical mucosa (arrow) is used as a guide to identify the internal (IO) and external (EO) os. The curve technique is presented (continue line): two lines are drawn respecting the curvature of the endocervical canal.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006795,Post-operative imaging of the celiac artery (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006796,"CCH MRI: MRI revealing a hyperintense mass in T1-weighted images and isointense to the vitreous in T2-weighted images, with a marked enhancement on gadolinium administration. CCH, circumscribed choroidal hemangioma."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006797,Revealed distended transverse colon
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006798,"Image from CT scan. CT showed that the local soft tissue was thickened in the esophagus at the cervicothoracic junction, and a gaseous cavity was present on the left posterior wall of the esophagus (red arrow), approaching the left subclavian artery (white arrow). Esophageal breach was detected (black arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006799,CT axial view of extensive local recurrence after radiotherapy of the tongue SCC on the right side (red arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006800,Computed tomography showing isolated left tympanal bone fracture (arrow). The victim received multiple kicks in the head during an assault
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006801,"Transesophageal echocardiogram image showing a 6-mm, sessile, thickened mass (red arrowhead) on mitral valve. Left atrium (LA) and left ventricle (LV) are labeled."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006802,Postoperative anteroposterior radiograph showing the left femoral neck pathological fracture fixation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006803,Post-contrast administration magnetic resonance images showing a large expansile lesion involving the proximal tibial metaphysis and diaphysis. This lesion demonstrated enhancement along the wall of the cystic changes and on the outline (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006804,"Postoperative anteroposterior radiograph of the aneurysmal bone cyst on the left humerus following curettage, bone grafting, and fixation."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006805,Plain abdominal radiograph revealed gaseous dilatation of the small bowel.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006806,The patient’s chest x-ray shows moderate pulmonary edema
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006807,"Initial chest CT on admission demonstrating multifocal pneumonia, healing fractures of the left fifth and sixth ribs, and a large fluid collection covering approximately half of the left hemithorax with concern for empyema."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006808,"Chest CT after 6 days of daptomycin treatment. There is a small loculated pleural effusion at the right basal region, decreased from the prior study (Figure 3). The right chest tube is located distally within the mid-upper portion of the right lung pleura wherein there is minimal pleural fluid. There also remains a small stable left pleural effusion, as well as a continued decrease in parenchymal consolidation and atelectasis in the lower lobes."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006809,Radiographic characteristics of both-column fractures with PW involvement. The “antispur” sign is marked with a red arrow in the obturator-oblique view.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006810,"A PET/CT scan revealing a 3.3-cm focus (green arrows) of the upregulated somatostatin receptor in the small bowel consistent with a primary neuroendocrine tumor. PET/CT, positron emission tomography/computed tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006811,Brain MRI showing a left frontal extra-axial mass (1.0 x 0.8 cm) confirmed to be a meningioma on pathology
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006812,"Full-body MRI showing vertebral hemangioma at level of C5C5, L3, and L5 vertebral body interosseous hemangiomas. L3 and L5 hemangiomas are not shown in this image."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006813,Axial cut of CT abdomen & pelvis demonstrating strictured segment of small bowel (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006814,Radiological control at an 8-year follow-up visit
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006815,"Three-dimensional reconstruction of the coronal views of chest CT scans, correlating with the initial chest radiograph (figure 1a)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006816,"Enhancing mass in the right hepatic lobe, shown by contrast-enhanced CT, is concerning for metastatic disease. This was biopsied and was consistent with hepatic haemangioma."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006817,Percutaneous CT-guided transthoracic biopsy. There was an increase in size of the mass within the 5-week interval before it was possible to perform the biopsy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006818,Ultrasound image of the left breast showing the microlobulated hypoechoic nodule (star) with posterior enhancement and the biopsy needle (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006819,A 2D-Echocardiography showing moderate pericardial effusion (red arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006820,The thoracic X-ray (a.p.) shows the dislocation of the pectoral neurostimulator with twisted extensions (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006821,"Follow-up abdominal computed tomography scan showing significant reduction of the hepatic mass (arrows), its solid component, and the mass effect on adjacent structures."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006822,CT scan of the abdomen with intravenous contrast shows a liver abscess of the left lobe with multiple fluid levels on the coronal plane (white arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006823, Preoperative computed tomography (CT) demonstrating proximal descending aorta dilation (top arrow) and right lower lobe lesion (bottom arrow). It was identified in the preoperative CT that the patient had both a dilated aortic root and postcoarctation dilation extending to the proximal descending aorta.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006824,"Sagittal ultrasound image at the level of the spleen acquired with a 10 mHz linear transducer. The left of the screen is in the cranial direction. The focal hypoechoic nodule outlined in Figure 1 demonstrates marked vascularity on colour Doppler interrogation, with no clear visualisation of individual vessels"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006825,Axial CT image with intravenous contrast: image demonstrates pelvic floor dysfunction with rectovaginal space widening.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006826,"Echocardiography on admission showing severe aortic regurgitation (arrow).Ao, aorta; AV, aortic valve; LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006827,CT showed right renal cell carcinoma (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006828,The upper right renal calyx was visible in retrograde pyelography (white arrowhead)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006829,Standardised elastogram landmark and elasticity ratio measurement method for DPT [32]
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006830,MRI T1-image of the lumbar spine April 2014. Blue arrows indicate T1 hypo-intense metastatic lesions at peduncle of Th12 and corpus of vertebra L3.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006831,"MRI of the spine with T10 vertebral body enhancement with abnormal signal focus, labelled with the black arrow (axial view)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006832,"Abdominal CT scan with IV contrast, sagittal section showing invaginated 224 mesenteric fat and vessels (white arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006833,T2-W fat suppressed at level of cardiophrenic angle showing: Subsegmental atelectasis of adjacent right middle lobe .
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006834,Fluoroscopic image of the knotted stent in the right pelvis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006835,CT abdomen and pelvis from hospital day 2. The oval fat attenuation with soft tissue rim along the sigmoid colon mesentery is shown as the orange oval. CT: computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006836,Persistent retained radio-opaque material after the initial irrigation and debridement procedure seen on radiographs.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006837,Immediate post-operative radiograph
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006838,Radiograph at 5 months showing resolution.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006839,"Endoscopic ultrasonography: mixed echo lesions in the hepatogastric space: combined with the history, foreign body wrapping may occur"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006840,HRCT scan of our patient's chest showing the diffuse lung disease and peripheral nodules.HRCT scan = High-resolution CT scan
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006841,CT neck with contrast showing soft tissue nodule (yellow arrow) measuring 0.57 cm × 1.27 cm in thyroidectomy bed suggestive of tumor recurrence
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006842,"MRI abdomen with contrast showing multiple soft tissues enhancing nodules (yellow arrows) in the pancreas, duodenum, and bilateral adrenal gland"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006843,Venogram before thrombolysis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006844,Chest CT scan showed diffuse bilateral ground-glass opacities with isolated pneumopericardium (Red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006845,"Lateral foot X-ray image taken at 18 months after surgery, in which normal trabecular pattern is seen in the graft region."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006846,Mediastinal window chest CT scan with injection: pulmonary arteriovenous malformation of right pulmonary field
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006847,Chest X-ray showing right lower zone consolidation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006848,Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging axial section of the brain showing mild enhancement of the bilateral putamen (red arrow) and bilateral caudate nucleus (yellow arrow) with no abnormal enhancement of the meninges.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006849," Transthoracic echocardiography in four-chamber view. Apical to mid-ventricular segment ballooning was present at end-systole. Please note the endomyocardial board in end systolic contraction forming apical ballooning of the left ventricle, like a Japanese octopus trap (Takotsubo; see inset illustration), and normal right ventricle size."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006850, Computed tomography head after external ventricular drain placement (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006851,X-ray of left ankle showing soft tissue swelling and small ankle effusion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006852,Transesophageal echocardiogram demonstrating a 5mm by 3mm anterior mitral valve vegetation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006853,"Virtual cutaway through the transverse plane of a 3D reconstruction of a Bufo bufo tadpole at Gosner stage 24 showing the now‐distinct four leaflets of the two top valves. As in Figure 6, the septum coni is obscured in this volume rendering by blood fixed along it. Ve, ventricle; VL, valve leaflets"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006854,"Preoperative measurements: both sides: femoral offset (FO), acetabular offset (AO), vertical position of the center of rotation (COR), leg length difference (LLD); affected hip: Centrum-Collum-Diaphyseal Angle (CCD angle), Cortical Index (CI), Canal Flare Index, Canal to Calcar ratio"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006855,Chest radiograph showing diffuse ground-glass opacities in both lung fields.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006856,A computed tomography scan of the pelvis revealed prostatic enlargement with a distended bladder
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006857,Abdominal MRIConsiderable gastric and proximal duodenum distension until the aortomesenteric angle with collapsed distal duodenum. White arrow signalizing the aortomesenteric angle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006858,Chest X-ray taken in the trauma bay showing bullet shrapnel overlying right hemithorax and mid-chest with large right-sided hydropneumothorax and opacification of right lung. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is partially obscured by the right lung. Right-sided rib fracture is also noted.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006859,Postoperative CXR after median sternotomy with removal of bullet fragment. Two small bullet fragments remain projecting over the right cardiac border.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006860,Contrast-enhanced CT image for Case 1 (axial plane) showing thickening of the colonic wall and increased mucosal enhancement (arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006861,"Contrast-enhanced CT image for Case 1 (coronal plane) demonstrating thickening of the caecum, the right and left large bowel wall, and increased mucosal enhancement (arrows)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006862,Contrast-enhanced CT image for Case 5 (coronal plane) showing thickening of left large bowel wall and infiltration of the pericolic fat (arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006863,The chin angle depicted in the midsagittal CT scan.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006864,Chin angle in a 2D CT scan of a noncondylar fracture patient.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006865,Follow-up CT after 2 months showed that inflammatory findings disappeared (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006866,A 66-year-old male COVID-19 patient presenting fever with cough for seven days. Multiple ground-glass opacities and consolidation with a thickened intralobular and interlobular septum (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006867,A 49-year-old female COVID-19 patient presenting chest pain for 14 days. Subpleural lines (black arrows) with thickened intralobular and interlobular septums (blue arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006868,"A 30-year-old male COVID-19 patient presenting with abdominal pain. CT scan shows volume increase in the pancreas (white arrow) and increased density in the surrounding fatty tissue (blue arrow), consistent with pancreatitis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006869,"Multiple diffuse pulmonary masses bilaterally, consistent with metastatic disease"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006870,Normal ventriculography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006871,"A chest X-ray was performed at admission, showing scattered nodular opacities in the left lung upper lobe and right lung lower lobe, which indicated a central area of excavation (arrows). 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) has increasingly been used to manage cancers and infections [1,2,3]. Since FDG uptake is directly representative of glucose metabolism, it can increase in inflammatory cells as well as tumor cells. Long-term indwelling central venous catheters are necessary for treating cancer patients due to chemotherapy. They depend on their central venous catheters daily, which could predispose a significant risk of complications such as catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) [4,5,6]. CRBSI can be complicated by metastatic infectious foci associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate, which should require prolonged systemic antimicrobial treatment [7]. The significant complication of CRBSI is septic thrombosis, with a prevalence of 15~24% [8,9]. The clinical diagnosis of septic foci is critical but may be difficult to establish due to the challenge of determining between sterile catheter-related thrombosis and actual septic thrombosis. Additionally, symptoms are often non-specific, and there is a lack of sensitivity to conventional diagnostic imaging techniques. Only a few studies investigated that 18F-FDG PET/CT can find the infectious foci, demonstrating it as an accurate imaging modality for metastatic foci [10,11,12]. Here, we would like to report a female patient with a Staphylococcus aureus-implantable venous access catheter infection in which 18F-FDG PET/CT determined unsuspected septic pulmonary emboli. A 71-year-old female patient with known ovarian cancer visited our hospital to receive the 4th adjuvant chemotherapy. She was treated with total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy and omentectomy 6 months ago. She also had a history of central venous catheterization by the right internal jugular vein approach, terminating at the junction of the superior vena cava and right atrium. The adjuvant chemotherapy was already performed three times as the regimen of Paclitaxel plus Carboplatine after surgery. At admission, she presented no clinical symptoms such as fever, cough, sputum, dyspnea, or chest pain. However, the chest X-ray showed scattered nodular opacities in the left lung upper lobe and right lung lower lobe, suspicious of metastatic nodules (Figure 1). Her blood test showed unexplained leukocytosis (12.58 × 103/μL), elevated D-dimer (9.46 mg/L), and a tumor marker such as CA-125 (41.89 U/mL). 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed 2 days after admission, observing abnormal FDG uptake in the chemo-port catheter, right pectoralis muscle, and 1st costochondral junction (Figure 2a–d). PET/CT also revealed hypermetabolic nodules scattered throughout both lungs, consistent with septic embolism (Figure 2e). In the evening of the day of the PET/CT examination, the patient presented swelling, redness, and some discomfort at the catheter insertion site. The catheter was removed the next day, isolating methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus from the catheter tip and peripheral vein. A transthoracic echocardiogram and fundus examination, which were performed to evaluate possible metastatic infections such as infective endocarditis or endophthalmitis, were reported as normal. She was treated with intravenous cefazolin for 4 weeks followed by oral linezolid for 1 week, recovering uneventfully without relapse. She was also treated with rivaroxaban 15 mg for 3 weeks and was diagnosed with pulmonary thromboembolism. After 2 months, a follow-up chest CT showed that the pre-existing multiple nodules in both lungs had disappeared (Figure 3)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006872,Bilateral Elastofibroma DorsiBilateral soft tissue masses (indicated by red arrows) present in the upper back immediately deep to the trapezius and latissimus dorsi muscles and posterior to the serratus musculature. The right mass measures 7.3 x 3.1 x 6.5 cm. The left mass measured 6.8 x 1.3 x 5.6 cm
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006873,Chest radiography during the previous hospital admission.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006874,"CT scan of the skull image showing an inflammatory morphological pattern of the left maxillary bone with bone erosion, in communication with the oral cavity. The inflammatory lesion involved the contiguous soft tissues too"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006875,Left coronary angiogram. Angiogram of the left coronary artery revealing a chronic occlusion of the proximal left anterior descending artery and a significant stenosis (90–99%) of the middle circumflex artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006876,Left subclavian angiogram after angioplasty. Left subclavian angiogram after successful angioplasty [10*38 mm Lifestream stent (Bard Medical®)].
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006877,CT of the left upper extremity without contrast showing a 4 × 6 × 10 cm hypoattenuating mass in the biceps muscles showing possible hematoma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006878,Anteroposterior view showing new extensive confluent opacity (arrow) involving the inferior one-half of the right hemithorax and is highly suggestive of aspiration. The left lung remains grossly clear.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006879,Splenic trauma (diameter of hyperechogenic focus 31.2 mm).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006880,Severe hydronephrosis (left kidney) (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006881,Ultrasonography suggestive of renal calculus of approximately 7.5mm in the middle third of the left kidney
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006882,"Computed tomography scan showing a saccular aneurysm with parietal calcification of the left renal artery on the plane of the renal hilum, measuring 1.0cm x 1.0cm (axial plane)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006883,Posteroanterior chest X-ray showed hilar vascular congestion (red arrow) with mild right sided pleural effusion (green arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006884,Postprocedural MRI of the brain showing enhanced signaling on the procedural side. The arrows point to the location of enhanced signalling (ie the hematoma) of the MRI.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006885,Obvious expansion of right heart can be found form the apical four chamber view
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006886,Ultrasound can be used to locate the growth plate.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006887,OPG image obtained at presentation. Orthopantomogram (OPG) revealing a right parasymphysis and left subcondylar fracture (arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006888,Postoperative OPG image. OPG: OrthopantomogramPostoperative OPG showing good wound healing (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006889,"Coronal contrast CT image showing arteriovenous (AV) malformations. Coronal contrast reformatted CT image, set on the mediastinal window.Maximum intensity projection (MIP) software was applied to the images to make the vascular connections more conspicuous."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006890,Postnatal brain magnetic resonance imaging of a patient with severe brain volume loss and mantel index thinning
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006891,Abdominal computed tomography shows acute hepatitis with mild hepatosplenomegaly.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006892,Upper GI series with gastrografin showing contrast extravasation due to EPFGI: gastrointestinal
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006893,Ultrasound showing hepatomegaly.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006894,"Postoperative abdominal ultrasonography after an ALPPS procedure showed complete disruption of the right portal venous blood flow, and only arterial blood flow (yellow arrow) was identified"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006895,Computed tomography of the head. The arrow indicates an old cerebral infarction in the right middle cerebral artery region
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006896,Digital gastroenterography view at 2 wk postoperative follow-up. No contrast extravasation was observed in the gastroduodenum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006897,Grade 1 chest X-ray: Alveolar consolidation either unilaterally or bilaterally. Example shows bilateral peripheral alveolar consolidation in the lower lobes.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006898,"Anteroposterior radiograph of the right elbow after one year.White arrow - Expansile, lytic lesion with cortical breach and soft tissue involvement"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006899,"CT abdomen and pelvis with intravenous contrast showing multiple dilated small bowel loops with fecalization, interloop fluid and transition point in the right lower quadrant (colon not completely collapsed, and findings likely consistent with early small bowel obstruction). CT: computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006900,Sonographic image of the right upper quadrant Bedside POCUS image utilizing a low-frequency curvilinear probe at the right upper quadrant showing intraperitoneal free fluid in Morrison’s pouch in the setting of a newly diagnosed rectal mass lesion (red arrow). There is evidence of hydronephrosis in the right kidney (blue arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006901,Lymphatic fistula draining into the intestine.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006902,Fournier’s gangrene.A 49-year-old male patient presented at the emergency unit with fever and tenderness of the genitalia. Axial enhanced CT shows soft-tissue edema and fascial thickening at scrotum and medial aspect of both upper thighs (arrows) and multiple soft-tissue gas (arrowheads). CT is far better than MRI for detecting air bubbles.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006903,"Longitudinal craniolateral image of the lateral trochlear ridge (TR) of the femur, showing a smooth curvilinear hyperechoic subchondral bone margin and uniform superficial hypoechoic cartilage (arrow). Marker is to proximal"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006904,Contrast venography demonstrating a tortuous posterolateral coronary sinus vessel
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006905,"MRI abdomen, coronal post-contrast image, shows patent TIPS (blue arrow) and persistent complete thrombosis of all intrahepatic portal venous branches (black arrow).TIPS: transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006906,"CT abdomen and pelvis, coronal image, shows a new peri-hepatic collection surrounding the hepatic dome (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006907,Intracardiac thrombus during cardiac arrest (still image).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006908,Orthopantomagram revealing the residual bone and intraoral status
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006909,A non-contrast CT scan with arrows highlighting evident cerebral atrophy of the frontal and temporal regions.CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006910,This lateral radiograph demonstrates significant loosening and collapse. The trigger for this presentation was flexion instability which progressed to this presentation. This underlines the importance of early recognition of instability and addressing the appropriate cause
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006911,Axial CT with contrast of a 45-year-old woman with HHT demonstrates innumerable enhancing arteriovenous malformations throughout the liver parenchyma. Partially visualized is hypertrophy of the celiac artery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006912,Preoperative lateral weight-bearing image.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006913,Postoperative oblique image after 12 months.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006914,Ultrasonographic Images demonstrating the presence of a nodule embedded in the plantar fascia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006915,Coronary computed tomography showing the hypoplasic birth of right coronary artery (red arrow) originating close to the left sinus of Valsalva with further high-risk path between the aorta and the pulmonary artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006916,"Fused axial image from gallium dotatate PET-MRI demonstrating focal radiotracer uptake associated with the loop of small bowel represent primary small bowel carcinoid. PET, positron emission tomography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006917,"Axial CT without intravenous or enteric contrast demonstrating focal small bowel wall thickening with adjacent partially calcified mesenteric soft tissue lesion (this represents a mesenteric met with desmoplastic reaction from tumor secretion of serotonin)CT, computerized tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006918,Preprocedural CT scan; red arrow shows PAU.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006919,"CT of the abdomen with contrast. The appendix (red arrow) is seen at the right iliac fossa with a normal caliber of about 7mm, minimal surrounding fat stranding (green dashed circle), and small mesenteric lymph nodes (blue arrows), consistent with an early acute appendicitis diagnosis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006920,"Cholangioresonance showing biliary tract dilatation due to intraductal lesion of the biliary tract, involving the confluence and the right hepatic duct (Bismuth IIIA)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006921,"Dysplastic changes of the acetabulum, coxa valga, lucencies of the proximal femora, flattened vertebral bodies (platyspondyly), 11 years of age."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006922,Postoperative MRI revealed insignificant radiological differences comparing to preoperative scanning with persistent myelopathy (15 years of age).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006923,MRI of supraspinatus tear Sugaya type II
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006924,Example of MRI Sugaya type V of a non-enrolled patient
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006925,Chest radiography demonstrating the progression of the subcutaneous emphysema to the mandible (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006926,Computed tomography. Thickening of the terminal ileum (white arrow) and cecum (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006927,Axial computed tomography scan of the abdomen with contrast showing reduced enhancement of the anterior and caudal portion of the left kidney (white arrow) consistent with infarction.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006928,"Computed tomography angiography of the abdomen.Note the reduced enhancement of the lower pole of the left kidney and a filling defect of the left renal artery (thin arrow). Also seen are perinephric fat stranding (thick arrow), patent left superior renal artery, and normal left upper renal pole enhancement."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006929,Left (L) posterior elbow dislocation (white arrow) without periarticular fracture (view 2).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006930,Right (R) posterior elbow dislocation (white arrow) without periarticular fracture (view 2).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006931,Postoperative x-ray of left (L) elbow after closed reduction (white arrow) (view 1).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006932,Postoperative x-ray of left (L) elbow after closed reduction (white arrow) (view 2).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006933," No metastasis or recurrence was found on follow-up chest computed tomography, 16 mo after the resection operation. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006934,CT angiogram of the neck shows extensive calcifications and narrowing at the proximal innominate artery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006935,"Three months after initial presentation, brain CT scanning showed intracranial hemorrhage"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006936,"Postoperative anteroposterior X-ray demonstrating an acromial fracture.Source: From , with permission."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006937,"Patient known for a right reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) who sustained a fall on the ipsilateral elbow. A transverse supracondylar fracture of the distal humerus is noted on lateral view.Source: From , with permission."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006938,Axial MRI view of the intra-pelvic compartments (Key: PR = peritoneal reflection) [15].
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006939,CT of the abdomen/pelvis with IV contrast (sagittal view)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006940,"Plain magnetic resonance imaging (short T1-inversion recovery mode) of the right hand conducted 1 month before starting antibiotic treatment. The radius, ulna, and second metacarpal bone show high intensity."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006941,Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the brain shows attenuated vessels with a beaded appearance in the Circle of Willis (red arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006942,"(a) Axial T1 fat-saturated MRI shows soft tissue mass with peripheral high signal and internal low signal in the muscle anterior to the right shoulder. (b) Axial contrast-enhanced CT scan shows a peripherally enhancing soft tissue mass located in the muscle, anterior to the right shoulder. Calcification is noted in the mass (arrow). (c) Macroscopically, the tumor is composed of tan−white tissue with gritty zones corresponding to bone formation. On hematoxylin and eosin, a neoplastic proliferation of atypical polygonal to spindle cells producing the malignant osteoid is evident ((d) 100× magnification, (e) 200× magnification). A strong immunohistochemical nuclear expression of SATB2 in neoplastic cells demonstrates the osteogenic differentiation and osteoid matrix production of the neoplasm ((f) 200× magnification)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006943,Schematic illustration of the relative intramedullary rod (IMR) length .The value of cd/ab defines the relative IMR length. The distal fibular epiphysis was located at the same level as the distal tibial physis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006944,"Axial, non-contrast CT image at the same level, at the level of the pons."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006945,"Diameter, depth, and area of cartilage injury."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006946,"Upper GI contrast study: 4 months old infants presenting with vomiting and failure to thrive. The contrast report showed an enlarged stomach, the gastric bubble projecting above the cardias, a more elevated left hemidiaphragm and the gastric antrum higher than the pylorus as for organo-axial volvulus."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006947,Lung ultrasound image showing a pleural effusion with fibrin stranding in a patient with TB
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006948,Partial reversion of the atelectasis after mechanical insufflation-exsufflation therapy
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006949,Abdominal and pelvic CT scan demonstrating psoas abscess collection
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006950,Coronal section of T2-weighted sequence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the orbits showing large tubular lesion in the extraconal space of the left orbit sparing the medial portion of the orbit with globe distortion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006951,Contrast-enhanced computer tomography depicting left lower lobe pulmonary infarct
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006952,Abdominal CT showed a circumferential lesion thickening of up to 3.5 cm at the level of the third portion of the duodenum. No aortocaval nor retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy was observed.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006953,UPCBCT analysis: Mx-Mx and WALA-WALA distances.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006954,More-than-half-depth sign.A 25-year-old man presented with a superficial abscess in the left axilla. The irregularly shaped hypoechoic abscess involved more than half of the depth of the dermis (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006955, Computed tomography image of rectal lesion downstaging after chemotherapy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006956,CT-pulmonary angiography: arterial phase revealing a thrombus causing significant luminal stenosis of the left main pulmonary artery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006957,"Sonogram showing pre-peritoneum hypoechoic collection with echogenic foci from gas forming organism, in keeping with preperitoneal abscess"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006958,"MRI angiography examination of our patient. The perfusion defect in the MCA territory, especially in its terminal branches."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006959,"Orbital MRI (axial view) showing significant enlargement of extra-ocular muscles (bilateral medial recti indicated by red arrows), giving a sign known as ""Coca-cola bottle"" appearance.MRI, magnetic resonance imaging"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006960,Computed tomography images of the head. Images of the whole brain indicated hypoxic encephalopathy
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006961,Computed tomography images of the chest. Red arrow indicates presence of atelectasis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006962,Chest radiograph after 6 months of pulmonary rehabilitation. Red arrow indicates amelioration of atelectasis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006963,Computed tomography of the abdomen showing dilated small bowel loops with air-fluid levels (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006964,Admission CT suspects pancreatitis.The image is showing fat stranding on the tail of the pancreas (circled).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006965,"Fluoroscopic image showing the guidewire inserted through a percutaneous access to the urinary bladder, ureteral stenosis was dilated with a balloon"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006966,"The internal and external drainage tube was implanted under fluoroscopy, with the distal end of the tube located in the bladder and the side holes of the tube located in the renal pelvis"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006967,Axial view of left antrochoanal polyp obstructing anterior nasal cavity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006968,Transcatheter celiac arteriography revealed no leakage of contrast medium.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006969,Axial computed tomogram. An extensive area of lung tissue consolidation in the lower lobe of the left lung with air bronchogram signs and with the presence of perifocal alveolar–interstitial ground-glass opacity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006970,"Non-contrast CT scan of the head showing large right sided hypoattenuation in the temporoparietal region, consistent with large right temporoparietal infarction with associated mass effect and mild subfalcine shift"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006971,Doppler studies of mean cerebral artery (MCA) in a term baby showing increased peak systolic velocity (PSV) and absent end-diastolic flow.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006972," CT chest without contrast. The arrow shows extensive patchy, and tree-in-bud opacities with a few of them demonstrating internal cavitation"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006973,Computed Tomography showing a heterogeneous mass in the right lateral ventricle with marked midline shift.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006974,Portable chest X-ray ray revealing bilateral interstitial and alveolar infiltrates with right lung basal consolidation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006975,Abdominopelvic CT scan with contrast shows onset of hydronephrosis in the right kidney
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006976,MRI abdomen showing large heterogeneously enhancing mass centered in the region of the right adrenal gland measuring. 16.3 cm cephalocaudal dimension. Mass contains small areas of T1 hyperintense signal suspicious for blood products. Areas of necrosis noted within the mass. Mass inseparable from and compressing posterior right hepatic lobe and caudate lobe. Significant mass effect on the suprarenal IVC as well as extension of the mass into the intrahepatic IVC lumen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006977,"CT showing right cervical hematoma (arrow) with airway compression, coronal view."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006978,"Muscle thickness measurements diagrams of Group A at point 2 external oblique muscle (EO), internal oblique muscle (IO), and transverse abdominis (TrA)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006979,Chest X-ray revealed bilateral opacities at mid and lower lung zones.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006980,"Chest CT scan with contrast.CT scan of the chest with contrast showed cylindrical bronchiectasis, mild bronchial wall thickening in areas of ground-glass attenuation, fibrotic changes with distorted lung architecture, and few mediastinal lymph nodes."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006981,Panoramic radiograph from the first visit. The ill-defined calcification around the mandibular condyle is shown (yellow arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006982,"Sonoanatomy for QL3 block. QL: quadratus lumborum muscle, PS: psoas major muscle, ES: erector spinae muscle, TP: transverse process."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006983,"Picture showing spread of local anesthetic solution and needle tip for transversalis fascia plane block. Arrow pointing to target for local anesthetic solution deposition. TA: transversus abdominis muscle, QL: quadratus lumborum muscle, LAI&N: local anesthetic injectate and needle tip."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006984,"Postoperative CT scan.Postoperative axial CT scan demonstrating decompression of pseudotumor, with now normal-appearing location of the bladder and rectum without narrowing as seen preoperatively."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006985,Postoperative radiographs.Postoperative anterior-posterior radiograph of the left hip demonstrating removal of broken acetabulum hardware and proximal cerclage wire with maintained left THA components in good alignment.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006986,CT imaging on September 2020. Progression of disease with increase in size of the lung mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006987,"Thyroid ultrasound demonstrating multiple bilateral nodules concerning for malignancy. Pictured below is a TI‐RADS 5, left‐sided thyroid nodule, approximately 5.4 cm in greatest dimension"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006988,CT chest showed bilateral multiple patchy areas of differential pulmonary attenuation (mosaic pattern of lung attenuation) (black arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006989,A follow-up chest X-ray showed significant improvement compared to the previous one.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006990," Ultrasound image of the selective nerve block. Low-frequency probe short axis image showing the structure of spinous process, lamina, transverse process, and pleura from medial to lateral. The gap between the pleura and the lateral deep surface of the transverse process was the target region of the puncture (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006991,MRI showing an empty cavity without any collection. Skin infiltration with suspicion of a cellulitis. Absence of fistula.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006992,Short axis scan shows the gap in the fascia (epimysium) of the Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) shown by dotted line
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006993,Long axis scan of the Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) over the lateral malleolus (LM). Partial tears of few fibers of the EDL (arrows) superior and inferior to facial tear and hernia level and near MTJ. Small hematomas are noted at the site of tears
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006994,Long axis scan of normal contralateral Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) over the lateral malleolus (LM) and anterior talar recess shows continuity of the muscle and tendon fibers and intact echogenic fascia (epimysium)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006995,Long axis scan over the level of lateral malleolus (LM) shows a subtle fracture (FR) with step-off deformity
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006996,"Abdominal CT scan showing a cystic mass in contact with the stomach, the tail of the pancreas, the spleen, and the Antero external cortex of the left kidney."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006997,Example of retinal detachment seen on ocular ultrasound.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006998, Plain radiograph of the abdomen revealing intramural gas in the small intestine.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_006999,AMPLATZER VP pSAE. Note that the plug has been correctly positioned between the dorsal pancreatic artery (solid curved black arrow) and the great pancreatic artery (dotted black arrow). There is expected perfusion of the distal splenic artery and the splenic parenchyma after proximal embolization through collateral arteries.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007000,Chest CT scan without contrast injection: the chest X-ray at the patient's bed showed an alveolar syndrome of the right lung (arrow: right/up) with right deviation of the mediastinum (arrow: right/down) and clarity of the right lung except at the apex (arrow: left)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007001,Transthoracic echocardiogram with mild pericardial effusion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007002,Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) images show the quantification of the septal burden of replacement fibrosis (circled) via the technique which uses a 5-standard-deviations threshold on consecutive short-axis slices.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007003,Abdominal contrast‐enhanced computed tomography of a 75‐year‐old man demonstrates residual duodenal bezoar (arrow) and dilated common bile duct.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007004,Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography cholangiogram revealing a 10-mm mid-common bile duct stricture with concomitant intrahepatic duct and suprapapillary dilation; no filling defect was noted.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007005,Pancreatic schwannoma on computed tomography scan of the abdomen (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007006,Partially cystic and solid pancreatic schwannoma on endoscopic ultrasound without Doppler.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007007,Postero-anterior chest X-ray showing bilateral interstitial infiltrates (white arrows) and left-sided pleural effusion (black arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007008," X-ray findings after the infusion of the contrast medium (gastrograffin) through the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy with jejunal extension catheter. The contrast medium is visible from the upper jejunum to the lower part of the small intestine. However, it is not observed in the reflux to the duodenum."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007009,Neonate with presumed birth-related subdural hemorrhage (SDH). Sagittal T1-weighted image shows a small amount of SDH (arrow) in the posterior fossa.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007010,Fig. 1 Chest Xray on admission: No infiltrates noted with COVID19 infection
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007011, Postoperative esophageal barium swallow examination shows a normal gastrointestinal passage without food retention or anastomotic leakage.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007012,DSA showing large partially thrombosed wide-necked cervical ICA aneurysm. DSA: digital subtraction angiography; ICA: internal carotid artery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007013,Echocardiogram findings consistent with low ejection fraction and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007014,"Case 1: Echocardiogram revealed cardiac tamponade. Echocardiography from subxiphoid view showed mild to moderate (8-14 mm) pericardial effusion with RV collapse (white arrow), pericardial clot at RV free wall (asterisk, *).Abbreviations: LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; PE, pericardial effusion; RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007015,CT angiography imaging demonstrating significant left-sided vascular occlusion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007016,Orthopantomogram of the patient at 8 months after the end of the dental treatment.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007017,Transvaginal ultrasound image showing extrauterine heterogenous space occupying lesion communicating with the endometrial cavity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007018,"Representative ultrasound scan of the m. tibialis anterior at rest for a younger participant. The muscle architecture is color-annotated as follows, light blue/grey: upper and deeper aponeurosis; red: fascicle length; blue: pennation angle; green: muscle thickness"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007019,"Left, nonenlarged submandibular gland with multiple small hypoechoic foci (arrows) in a patient with sicca syndrome. Following a CNB, the diagnosis was sarcoidosis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007020,"Enlarged right parotid gland, with multiple, oval, well-defined very hypoechoic lesions (arrows) in a patient with pSS. A CNB revealed the presence of NHL with diffuse glandular involvement."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007021,Transvaginal ultrasound 7 days after methotrexate administration.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007022,Mid-left anterior descending artery stenosis of less than 50% (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007023,The tip-to-stem distance was measured on plain radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007024,Planned dose distribution on the stereotactic CBCT for G‐Frame E2E testing for the large and small targets
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007025,MRI of the dorso-lumbar spine showing a tumor mass in the T5 vertebra
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007026,"OPG shows a well-defined multilocular radiolucent, cystic lesion in the body and the ramus of the mandible on the left side.OPG, orthopantomogram."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007027,Beyond the scope of tumour localisation. We started with at least two successful metastatic lymph node localisations for targeted lymph node dissection purposes in the pilot phase. The figure shows the RFID tag (green arrows) deployed just adjacent to the metastatic lymph node (yellow circle).RFID: radio-frequency identifier device
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007028,"Chest computed tomography showed a mass within a cavity, producing a ball-in-hole appearance (arrowhead), over the left upper lobe."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007029,Image obtained during the endovascular procedure showing deployment of the balloon expandable stent in superior mesenteric artery guided by the heavy calcifications. The tip of the sheath in retrograde position is visible.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007030,Computed tomography of the thoracic spine depicting possible osseous metastases to the ribs (red circle).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007031,TVS: A 5.1 × 4.6 × 3.7 cm mass can be seen at the right rear of the cervical isthmus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007032,"Axial contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) image (lung window) showing worsening of the lung lesions, with an estimated pulmonary involvement of more than 75%."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007033,The lingual bronchus (arrow) branches anteriorly from the left main bronchus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007034,"Anteroposterior chest radiograph with tube and line enhancement windowing the following day demonstrating a new correctly positioned NG tube with its tip below the left hemidiaphragm in the region of the stomach (straight arrow). Adjacent to this is the fractured middle segment of the previous NG tube situated near the GOJ with its distal tip visualised in the stomach (dashed arrow). GOJ, gastro-oesophageal junction; NG, nasogastric."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007035,"Chest X‐ray 10 months prior. Chest X‐ray shows a slight deformity of the right thorax (arrowheads), and no abnormality in the lung field."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007036,Posteroanterior (PA) radiograph of the right wrist. Lunate sclerosis without any collapse or fragmentation can be seen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007037,The tip of the foreign body penetrates the ventricle wall (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007038,Coronal CT sinuses showing right maxillary sinus fungal ball.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007039,Coronal CT sinuses showing left sphenoid sinus fungal ball.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007040,MRI at 6 months after closure of the fistula showed that the fistula had disappeared.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007041,Portable chest X-ray.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007042,CT Abdomen showed focally dilated fluid‐filled loops of small bowel in the lower midabdomen herniating into the rectus sheath associated with a swirling of the mesentery and mesenteric vessels
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007043,Chest CT reexamination after emergency surgery showed there were changes after pericardiectomy. There is no evidence of pericardial regrowth.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007044,X-ray of the hip (AP view) shows a fracture of the femoral neck. AP view: anteroposterior.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007045,Showing cannulated screw fixation of a femoral neck fracture.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007046,T1-weighted magnetic resonance images of the bilateral breast demonstrating asymmetric fibrocystic change and nodular glandular tissue with enhancement affecting tissue span of 15 mm × 45 mm × 28 mm on the right lateral breast without a focal lesion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007047,"Contrast enhanced computed tomography of abdomen shows enlarged tail, distal part of body with indistinct margin, normal enhancement and peritoneal collection."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007048,"Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of abdomen shows pancreatic necrosis in 30% with swollen neck and tail, peripancreatic inflammation and fluid collection."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007049,Chest x-ray taken immediately after birth indicate bilateral interstitial infiltrates (arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007050,"CXR from day 2 of life show diffuse, bilateral, reticulogranular opacification (arrows)CXR - chest x-ray"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007051,"CXR from day 9 of life shows worsening of diffuse, bilateral granular infiltrates (arrows)CXR -  chest x-ray"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007052,"CXR from the last day of life show coarse, bilateral, parenchymal infiltrates (arrows)CXR - chest x-ray"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007053,Measurement of cervical-pedicle thickness was carried out at the C6 vertebra on T2-weighted cervical MR images. MR = magnetic resonance.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007054,B-mode ultrasound of the right eye showing hyperechoic band (arrow) in the posterior segment with underlying scattered echoes.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007055,Computed tomography image showing partial superior mesenteric vein thrombosis in a man with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007056,Normal chest X-Ray.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007057,"T2 orbital MR, coronal slice shows complete left maxillary sinus involvement."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007058,"A 73-year-old man with permanent atrial fibrillation.CT, computed tomography; LA, left atrium; LAA, left atrial appendage; PA, pulmonary artery.Cardiac CT shows a thrombus in the LAA (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007059,A 54-year-old man with chronic systolic heart failure. Transthoracic echocardiography showed a thrombus in the left ventricle (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007060, Gastrografin enema showing diverticular structuring and a 32 mm calculus in the descending colon.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007061,Ultrasound image of involved lymph nodes.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007062,The FLAIR image shows diffuse thickening of leptomeninges
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007063,Computed tomography scan showing a large necrotic mass (arrows) along the central mesentery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007064,"A 41-year-old female. Plain lateral radiograph of the knee showing measurements of the CC and AP diameters of the fabella. AP, anteroposterior; CC, craniocaudal."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007065,Gastric distension from liquid intake (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007066,Chest X-ray showing pneumonia (white arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007067,Chest CT of case 2.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007068,Chest CT of case 3.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007069,A plain chest radiograph of the study subject in anterioposterior view showing a near total re-expansion of the lung after chest tube drainage.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007070,Chest CT scan of the chest of the patient showing a near-complete expansion of right lung (90–95%) with mild right-sided residual effusion and no obvious parenchymal lesion seen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007071,49-year-old woman with TNBC (invasive ductal breast cancer). Lesion was an irregular mass with crab-like margin and hypoechoic pattern.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007072,43-year-old woman with TNBC (invasive ductal breast cancer). An oral lesion with spiculated margin. Hypoechoic pattern and enhancement posterior acoustic were detected.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007073,55-year-old woman with TNBC (invasive ductal breast cancer). An irregular mass with an indistinct margin and microcalcification. Color doppler ultrasound showed mixed and disorderly blood flow.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007074,"Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen and chest showing a large diaphragmatic hernia with herniated bowel loops in the transverse colon, the splenic flexure of the colon with mesentery, the spleen, and the tail of the pancreas, as well as the collapsed left lung."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007075,Pancreatogram showing tight strictures at the pancreatic head (arrows) in a 66-year-old man who presented with recurrent pancreatitis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007076,Fluoroscopic image showing a retained fractured guidewire fragment within the main pancreatic duct.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007077,"Ischemic stroke involving right MCA.Abbreviation: MCA, middle cerebral artery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007078,"Pleural effusion < 1 cm, white lung."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007079, T1-weighted magnetic resonance image showing slight atrophy of the serratus anterior muscle (dotted line) on the right side compared with left side in the axial plane. SSc: subscapularis muscle; IS: infraspinatus muscle; Del: Deltoid muscle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007080,CT chest coronal reformatted image without contrast demonstrating small-to-moderate-sized pericardial effusion.Arrow pointing to pericardial effusion.CT: computerized tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007081, CT Chest with Contrast 2/9 showing bilateral axillary adenopathy (Red circles).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007082,Ultrasound Paracentesis finding of a total of 5500cc of chylous ascites prior to removal.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007083,Anteroposterior long standing film shows bilateral varus knee with tibiofemoral osteoarthritis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007084,Postoperative long standing film
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007085,Posttreatment computed tomography examination of a 68-year-old male patient admitted as an outpatient with type 2 diabetes mellitus and numbness and coldness in both lower extremities with intermittent claudication for more than 1 month showed changes in the right costophrenic angle after abscess drainage and the right costophrenic angle abscess had disappeared.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007086,Sagittal view depicting dorsal epidural disc fragment centered at the T9-T10 level.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007087,Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography without contrast of the bile ducts: The liver demonstrates intrahepatic duct dilation. The left hepatic duct measures 13 mm and the right hepatic duct measures 12 mm. There is a filling defect in the proximal common bile duct suggestive of a calculus. Contour of the bile ducts is irregular and ragged.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007088,Relevant parameters were measured on CT radiograph before operation with the extramedullary femoral cutting system. A/A′: Anterior superior iliac spine. F: The femoral head center
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007089,"Modified inferior C6 transverse process level. AM, anterior scalene muscle; SCM, sternocleidomastoid muscle; C6, the 6th cervical nerve root; PF, anterior vertebral fascia; LCM, long neck muscle; ⋆Indicates stellate ganglion block area; ↘Indicates simulated puncture path; IJV, internal jugular vein; CA, carotid artery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007090,"Osteotomy was performed parallel to the preoperatively marked proximal and distal osteotomy lines. The distal end of the humerus was turned outward, and crossed Kirschner wires were inserted for fixation."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007091,"Abdominal-pelvic CT, coronal view; extensive abdominal aorta thrombus (arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007092,Abdominal ultrasonography (US). Multiple masses with the hypoechoic halo sign at their margins were detected. Some typical tumors with the hypoechoic halo sign are shown with arrows.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007093,MRI of the thorax on day 3 following admission.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007094,Lymphangiogram demonstrating glue and lipiodol contrast in the thoracic duct.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007095,Presence of T-sign. The fluid distends the tenon capsule and space with peri-optic edema because of severe inflammation of the sclera.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007096,Final panoramic radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007097,Final panoramic radiograph after treatment.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007098,A case of ureteritis due to urinary tract infection. The patient was a 38-year-old female with right lower quadrant area pain and fever. Diffuse urothelial wall thickening and urothelial enhancement are observed in the right ureter (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007099,"Axial CT image shows consolidation with air bronchogram in the right middle lobe and a right pleural effusion. Although the presence of these findings, the scan was categorized as CO-RADS 0 because it did not include the entire chest and therefore considered insufficient for assigning a score"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007100,"Axial CT image shows unilateral ground-glass opacities in the left lower lobe without consolidations close to the visceral pleural surfaces, classified as CORADS 4"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007101,Miliary pulmonary nodules consistent with tuberculosis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007102,Case 6. Intraoperative ultrasound view of a suspected abscess that was later diagnosed as isolated angiitis by histopathology following a post-mortem examination. The mass was located in the frontal lobe and appeared hypoechoic on ultrasound imaging.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007103,Occlusion of the internal carotid artery in the petrous segment to the cavernous segment (single arrow) preceded by a long and progressive stenosis in the sub-petrous segment (double arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007104,Abdominal CT scan with oral contrast showing biliary ducts dilation (arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007105,Abdominal CT scan showing distended stomach (arrow) 10 days post-operatively
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007106,Post stage 3 embolization with Onyx with 85-90% reduction in AVM volume.AVM: Arteriovenous malformation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007107,CT scan demonstrating destruction of T12 - L1 vertebral bodies (red arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007108,"Barium esophagogram shows lower esophageal sphincter (LES) narrowing (Arrow, Bird beak sign)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007109,Chest radiograph showing bilateral diffuse infiltrates in a patient with tuberculosis-related ARDS
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007110,Ultrasonographic measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter for the evaluation of intracranial pressures in patients with tubercular meningitis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007111,Transvaginal sonography showing endometrial lining was very thin with fluid (<5 mm).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007112,"Post-bone marrow-derived stem cells: the response to hormone replacement therapy showed drastic improvement in lining, thickness as well as echo texture in the April 2019."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007113,"Post-bone marrow-derived stem cells: the response to hormone replacement therapy showed drastic improvement in lining, thickness as well as echo texture in May 2019 when frozen embryo transfer was done."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007114,"Venous malformation in cerebellar vein, observed by T2 MRI [17]."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007115,Coronal section view of computed tomography scan showing minimally complex cyst of the right liver lobe with thick rim of calcification (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007116,Postoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showing right and left hepatic ducts leakage (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007117,"Coronal CT view of the lesion, showing the involvement of the right kidney and IVC."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007118,"CT chest demonstrating extravasation of oral contrast from esophagus into the right mediastinum/hemithorax. Also note pneumomediastinum, bilateral pleural effusions, and consolidations"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007119,CT chest demonstrating extravasation of oral contrast from esophagus into the right mediastinum/hemithorax with associated pneumomediastinum
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007120,Contrast esophagram on POD 19 demonstrating retention of contrast in the esophagus and stomach with no extravasation into the pleural cavities or mediastinum
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007121,Measurement of sonographic depth of invasion (yellow line).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007122,Another computerized tomographic images of abdomen (coronal view) showing severe sigmoid dilation due to constipation on pelvic area with bladder collapse
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007123,CT scan of pancreas (without contrast).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007124,CT images. a: Duodenum; b: stomach; c: head of pancreas; d: choledochus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007125,"CT A/P axial view demonstrating multiple, hypoattenuating, ill-defined cystic lesions in the liver (red arrows) with peripheral enhancement and internal septation. CT A/P: computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007126,Repeat CT A/P showing near complete resolution of all hepatic lesions at approximately six weeks. CT A/P: computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007127,A coronal slice of CT chest showing bilateral ground-glass opacities.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007128,"FDG-PET/CT, showing multifocal radiotracer uptake in the long bone marrow predominantly on the distal half of the femurs."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007129,Pretreatment panoramic radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007130,"Abdominopelvic CT showing pleural effusions, lymphadenopathies, hepatosplenomegaly, and ascites."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007131,Computerized tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen. CT scan of the abdomen showed extensive inflammatory stranding in the lower abdomen and pelvis centered in the right lower quadrant and a thick-walled fluid collection (as indicated by the arrow) in the pelvis concerning for ruptured appendicitis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007132,"Axial MRI of the right knee. The popliteus is visualized in the blue circle with an enlarged cross section resulting from retraction and scarring of the muscle.Abbreviations: M, Medial; L, Lateral; A, Anterior; P, Posterior."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007133,"Coronal MRI of the right knee. The distal popliteal muscle is visualized (blue arrows), however a gap is seen where the tendon should attach proximally at the fibular head and lateral femoral condyle (yellow circle). A few proximal tendinous fibers remain.Abbreviations: S, Superior; I, Inferior; M, Medial; L, Lateral."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007134,"MRI of the abdomen and pelvis (T1-weighted axial image) showing parasitic fibroid, uterus, and urinary bladder.MRI: magnetic resonance imaging"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007135,Right-sided diaphragmatic eventration
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007136,CT of the abdomen and pelvis showing multiple fecalized loops of small bowel without definitive transition point concerning for early/partial small bowel obstruction. There is mesenteric lymphadenopathy (measuring up to 1.9 cm) (right arrow) in conjunction with mural thickening of the small bowel along with slight aneurysmal dilatation of the lumen concerning for small bowel lymphoma (left arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007137,Anteroposterior chest radiograph confirming chest tube placement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007138,Anteroposterior chest radiograph taken 1 week after chest tube placement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007139,Computed tomography of abdomen showed a 2.8 × 3.3 × 3.5 solid partially calcified right retroperitoneal mass arising from the pancreatic head/duodenum and associated mild retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007140,Contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography image. The circle indicates the pulmonary vein thrombosis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007141,Computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) with gastric varices (blue arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007142,CT angiography of the chest showing the largest right lower lobe nodule (blue arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007143,Transthoracic echocardiogram apical two-chamber view demonstrating severe mitral annular calcification.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007144,Transesophageal echocardiogram four-chamber view showing layering of highly echogenic material along the posterior left atrial wall.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007145,"A plain chest X-ray on admission indicating the enlargement of the left ventricle silhouette (asterisk) and a perihilar haze (white arrow). Note the focal enlargement of the paratracheal strip indicating the silhouette of dilated azygos vein arch on the right superior mediastinum (in retrospective analysis, white arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007146,Postoperative reexamination of an X-ray displaying that the bone cement component is filled in the segmental metacarpal bone defect area.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007147,Cleaning and destruction of the bone and installation a self-made Kirschner wire external fixator in the broken ends of segmental bone defects.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007148,A case of self-dynamism: breakage of the distal screw (white arrow) followed by a fracture of the nail (shadow arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007149,"Sagittal view of planning computed tomography images in fusion with MRI. The planning target volume (thick red line) covered the gross tumor volume plus an appropriate margin and was treated with a total dose of 60 Gy at 2 Gy per daily fraction over 6 weeks (BED 10 72 Gy). Radiation dose distribution represented by radiation isodose lines: The thick red line represents the planning target volume and the thick green line represents the 57 Gy isodose line (that is 95% isodose, encompassing planning target volume). One cm thick bolus material was used to ensure sufficient surface dose."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007150,T1 MP-RAGE 3D weighted sagittal contrast-enhanced MRI sequence 3 months after radiotherapy. MR image showed a dramatic response to definitive radiotherapy with residual inflammatory tissue on the base of the initial ulcer.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007151,"Multiple intradural drop metastases in the thoracic levels related to the patient's known malignant chordoma, worse at the T2-T3 level."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007152,Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showing non‐transmural subendocardial perfusion defect in the medial inferior territory
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007153,Barium esophagogram after the procedure.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007154,"Diagnostic coronary angiogram demonstrating compression of the left internal mammary artery to obtuse marginal graft. This is a LAO 2.8° and cranial 27.2° view with the left internal mammary artery graft selectively engaged. There is a diffuse segment of flow-limiting disease in the mid-section of the left internal mammary artery to obtuse marginal graft with flow distal to the lesion, secondary to extrinsic compression of the tumour. There is no atherosclerotic disease in the rest of the graft."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007155,Final image of left circumflex artery after the intravascular ultrasound-guided percutaneous coronary intervention of the chronic total occlusion. In the LAO 49.7° and caudal −15.0° view with engagement of the left main coronary artery showing flow restored to a revascularized proximal left circumflex artery after the intravascular ultrasound-guided percutaneous coronary intervention with intravascular lithotripsy and placement of two drug-eluting stents (Osiro 3.0 × 22 mm + 2.5 × 26 mm).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007156,Coronal fat-suppressed T1 post-contrast sequence of a 61-year-old male with small bowel CD; suboptimal distension and marked motion artifacts in proximal small bowel (arrow); optimal distension and minor motion artifacts in distal small ball (arrowhead).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007157,Preoperative angiography results. There is marked extravasation of uterine artery contrast.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007158,"This is a radiograph after surgery. No obvious contrast extravasation was observed, indicating successful embolization."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007159,Transoesophageal echocardiogram short-axis aortic valve view. The mass and its size can be clearly seen taking up the atrial chamber.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007160,Computed tomography scan of the head showing chronic subdural hematoma in right fronto‐parieto‐temporal convexity
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007161,"Small bowel obstruction in a 31-year-old female with known scleroderma presenting with generalized abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting without previous Hx of surgery. Axial view of CTE shows extensive cutaneous and subcutaneous calcifications (thick white arrows). Short segment benign-looking stricture (white arrowhead) is seen at the distal ileum in the pelvis, leading to upstream small bowel dilatation (white asterisks). Following segmental resection and anastomosis, this was confirmed to be a fibrotic stricture. Collapsed ileum distal to stricture is also depicted (thick black arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007162,MRI brain with multiple infarctions in both the cerebrum and cerebellum. MRI: magnetic resonance imaging
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007163,"CT scan of the abdomen showing that both kidneys are in normal size and position, and the urinary tract is not obstructed.CT, computed tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007164, Papillary myxoma presenting with ischemic stroke. Transesophageal echocardiography shows a fragile papillary myxoma. The young patient presented with acute ischemic stroke.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007165, Calcified myxoma in the left atrium. Transesophageal echocardiography shows a large calcified myxoma occupying the left atrial cavity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007166,"The x-ray showed that the foreign bodies were in the middle and lower abdomen. The patient had obvious symptoms of abdominal pain and vomiting. After laparotomy, it was found that the foreign bodies were in the stomach and small intestine, which attracted each other and caused injury"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007167,"Petrous bone CT scan, coronal view."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007168,"Measurement method of anterior body compression index (ABCI). A, B and C represent the anterior height of each vertebral. ABCI = 2A/(B + C)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007169,"X-ray view of the cranial and caudal facet joints for each patient in the study. ○ shows the caudal facet joints, and △ shows the cranial facet joints"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007170,"Computed tomography, sagittal section, showing evidence of cerebellar tonsillar herniation through foramen magnum. (Red arrow showing the level of the foramen magnum.)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007171,Dose distribution of the treatment plan using 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy. The dose distribution of the reirradiation plan (30 F × 2 Gy) with 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007172,SC – (Schlemm’s canal) and CC (collector channel) visible on ultrasound biomicroscopy images.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007173,Chest computed tomography scan revealed ground-glass opacity in the basal area of both lungs and nodule in the left lower lobe.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007174,Right-sided pneumothorax with right lower lobe collapse.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007175,Chest X-ray at discharge: re-expansion of the right lung field.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007176,MRI T1 weighted sagittal image of a canine stifle identifying both bone and soft tissue anatomy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007177,Infusion of agitated saline during snoring confirms right to left shunt.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007178,"X-thorax.Fig. 1: X-thorax performed 4 days postpartum which shows an enlarged heart. C represents the maximal span of the heart, T represents the maximal span of the thorax. (Cardial/Thorax ratio (C/T) ratio 0,6 = enlarged)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007179,Coronal MPR CT image with contrast demonstrating heterogeneously enhancing left adrenal mass (black arrow).MPR: multiplanar reformation; CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007180,Axial view with evidence of Chilaiditi sign.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007181,Abdomen CT scan: axial view. White arrow: Multiple hypervascular tumors measuring up to 6 cm in size
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007182,Chest radiograph findings. The figure shows a chest radiograph with bilateral pleural effusion on the day of admission.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007183,A transesophageal echocardiogram performed early during the patient’s hospitalization showed a hypermobile vegetation along the anterior mitral valve leaflet (circled) confirming suspected infective endocarditis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007184,Active transpapillary drainage of a pseudocyst located in the pancreatic tail.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007185,"Skin incision and target point on the fluoroscopic anteroposterior view. The target (white circle) is the superior sacral notch. The 2 incisions (blue lines) are approximately 3 cm apart, where the center of the incision is made 1 cm lateral to the target (dotted line). A scope is placed through the left incision and a working tool is placed through the right incision."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007186,"An example measurement of the posterior translation of the GT was defined by the ratio AD/AB according to Batailler et al. Posterior tilt of the greater trochanter (GT), defined as the angle between the femoral neck axis using Murphy’s technique (line EF) and the greater axis of the greater trochanter (line AC). This axis is defined anteriorly by the most lateral point of the anterior facet (point A) and posteriorly by the edge of the GT (point C) A—most lateral point of the anterior facet; B—center of the axis of the greater trochanter (GT); C—edge of the GT; D—point of intersection between the femoral neck axis (EF) and GT axis (AC); E—center of the femoral head; F—marking the direction of the femoral neck axis"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007187,CT scan showing a low‐density intragastric mass which contains air bubbles and exhibits a characteristic mottled appearance. The arrow is demonstrating the intragastric mass
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007188,Dilation of the anterior and posterior horns of the lateral and third ventricles.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007189,"Axial non-contrast chest CT showing consolidation and ground-glass opacities in the right upper, right middle and left upper lobe."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007190,T2-weighted MRCP of the abdomen without fat saturation in a coronal view. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) of the abdomen illustrating a normal appearance of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct in our patient.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007191,"2D-echo suggestive of RA, RV dilatation with floating mass in RA approximately 1-2cm with severe pulmonary artery hypertension.RA - right atrium, RV - right ventricle"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007192,CT pulmonary angiogram showing thrombus in pulmonary artery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007193,Chest X-ray of the patient on admission.Chest X-ray: peripheral patchy air space opacification in lower zones with diffuse ground opacities bilaterally. 
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007194,"Axial T2 FLAIR MRI image for case 2 at age 10 demonstrating diffuse abnormal white matter signal which predominates in the frontal lobes, accompanied by scattered cystic changes. The anterior corpus callosum is thin."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007195,"MRCP shows dilation of the common bile duct (arrow), the pancreatic duct orifice is located in the wall of the dilated bile duct, and a filling defect can be seen in the duodenal cavity. At first it was considered a duodenal diverticulum, but later it was confirmed to be a herniated dilated bile duct (open arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007196, CT showing pleural metastasis of osteosarcoma
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007197,CXR showing the right lung adenocarcinoma and pleural effusion due to dissemination. CXR: chest X-ray
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007198,"Ultrasound showing a superficial vein in the transverse section in the right calf’s sub-cutaneous fat, with the lateral extent measured on both sides by the calipers."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007199,"The definition of the frontal sinus roof-supraorbital margin (F-O), frontal sinus roof-nasion (F-N), and inter-orbital distance."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007200,Schmorl nodes.Sagittal MR image demonstrates large cartilaginous (Schmorl) node (arrow). Note disruption of the midportion of the vertebral end-plate (arrowhead).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007201,Left kidney tumor on plain CT at the time of first recurrence.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007202,Left kidney tumor on plain CT at the time of second recurrence.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007203,The peri-implant radiolucent halo found with silicone implants (red arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007204,"In the T1WI/FF sequence, the software can automatically calculate the fat content in the measured area by selecting the pancreas measurement range."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007205, Enhanced computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed patchy slightly low-density image at the top of the liver.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007206,"CT sagital image. Retroperitoneal hematoma "" arrows"""
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007207,Blue Phantom Thyroid Simulator Model© Thyroid Nodule Example. This figure shows an image of the right inferior nodule in the simulated thyroid gland with a needle inserted in long-axis for an aspiration attempt [26]
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007208,A bedside echocardiogram revealed massive pericardial effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007209,"Midesophageal long-axis view with color-flow Doppler demonstrating anterior mitral leaflet flail, a posteriorly directed mitral regurgitant jet exhibiting the Coanda effect, and a subvalvular vegetation in the mitral chordal apparatus."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007210, Venous phase of computed tomography scan of the patient. The image shows low-density liquid dark areas of the left renal capsule.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007211," Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the patient at the initial visit. The left renal capsule had a crescent-shaped, low-density shadow, and the computed tomography value of the contrast-enhanced scan without enhancement was 53 HU."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007212,apical four chambers view showing the absence of re-accumulation of pericardial effusion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007213,"Proximal LAD stenosis involving bifurcation with first diagonal branch (Medina-1, 1, 0) with FFR of 0.64. Given the patient’s young age and suitable target lesion characteristics, it was felt an Absorb BVS was preferred over a permanent metallic implant"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007214,Biliary sludge and gravel of stones.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007215,Normal gallbladder with complete resolution of the initial finding.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007216,Dilation of the fistula (red lines) connecting gastric pouch (green outline) to remnant stomach (blue outline) with a 12- to 15-mm balloon catheter under fluoroscopic guidance.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007217,"CTA chest depicting small amount of heterogeneous hyperdense material along the medial aspect of the right atrium (red arrow) and a 1.4 cm mass at the superior medial aspect of the right atrium (blue arrow).CTA, computed tomography angiogram"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007218,Transesophageal echocardiogram with intra right atrial mass with mobile attachments.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007219,Manual selection of the spongy matter region.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007220,"Shows abdominal CT angiogram venous phase with an arrow pointing at the site of the aneurysm and a circle indicating extensive hemoperitoneum (50 HU), no active contrast extravasation could be seen."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007221,MRI diffusion weighted imaging with acute infarcts in the splenium of the corpus callosum and the posterior superior frontal lobe.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007222,"PET-CT scan showing the hypermetabolic nodule with a SUV of 5.7, concerning for a possible primary pulmonary malignancy."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007223,Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) showing vegetation attached on the ventricular side of aortic valve
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007224,"Transversal ultrasound picture of the A. brachialis (A) in the cubital fossa. The distal humerus (white arrows) forms an abutment, which helps for manual compressions. Two brachial veins (V) often accompany the distal A. brachialis"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007225,"Digital subtraction angiogram (DSA) of a high-grade subclavian stenosis, treated with retrograde brachial access"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007226,Transthoracic echocardiogram: pulmonary artery aneurysm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007227,Transoesophageal echocardiogram double atrial septum and interatrial communication: Arrow: septum and ostium primum. Asterisk: accessory atrial septum and its ostium.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007228,The patellar width (PW) is the length between the medial (A) and lateral edge (B) of the patella. The patellar thickness (PT) is the length between the patellar front polar (C) and back polar (D). The modified Wiberg index is defined as the ratio of the transverse length of the lateral patellar facet (AE) to the medial patellar facet (BE)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007229,The lateral patellar facet angle is the angle formed by the patellar transverse axis and the lateral patellar facet tangent
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007230,"Image of gastric antral cross-sectional area. DL, diameter longitudinal; DT, diameter transversalis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007231,"A suboptimal quality image of antral CSA obtained after ingestion of 400 mL volume in supine position. CSA, cross-sectional area."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007232,"MRI enterography depicting intestinal malrotation and ileal loops in the central abdomen dilated up to 5 cm, consistent with malrotation and a small bowel obstruction."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007233, Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen showing dilated appendix.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007234,Assessment of the psoas muscle index (PMI). Sarcopenia was assessed by measuring the longest diameter (D1) and the perpendicular diameter (D2) of the right (ri) and left (le) psoas muscle on an axial computed tomography (CT) scan in the same plane and normalizing it for the patients’ height squared. This value is referred to as the psoas muscle index (PMI).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007235,Dorsoplantar weightbearing radiograph of Engel’s angle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007236,Dorsoplantar weightbearing radiograph of Kite’s angle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007237,Dorsoplantar weightbearing radiograph of modified Kilmartin’s angle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007238,Transthoracic echocardiography measuring aorto-mitral curtain thickness. Example TTE image of aorto-mitral curtain thickness in a 55-year-old man with a history of mediastinal radiation therapy for non-Hodgkin lymphoma at the age of 30. He underwent aortic and mitral valve replacement for symptomatic severe valvular stenosis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007239,Mass showing peripheral blood flow (cranial is to the left)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007240,Computer tomography revealing marked splenomegaly (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007241,Chest X-ray on postoperative day four showing bilateral pulmonary infiltrates
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007242,CXR showing acute right pleural effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007243,"Cardiac catheterization: Aneurysm in the middle third of the right coronary artery, measuring 9.43 mm × 5.8 mm with an image of intracoronary thrombus occupying 2/3 of the aneurysmal lumen."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007244,"Cardiac catheterization: Aneurysm in the circumflex artery, measuring 5.9 mm × 5.3 mm without evidence of thrombus."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007245,"FDG-PET-CT showed FDG uptake in the tumor, with a SUVmax of 3.4."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007246,Preoperative oblique x-ray of the affected finger.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007247,Postoperative x-ray of the affected finger.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007248,"CT axial reconstruction without contrast injection showing a regular circumferential parietal thickening spontaneously hyperdense of the D2, D3 portions of the duodenum (arrowheads) with densification of the surrounding mesenteric fat (star)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007249, Arteriography obtained after a 2-Fr microcatheter was advanced coaxially into the left gastric artery from a 4-Fr catheter placed in the common hepatic artery. The right gastric artery and the left hepatic artery are seen (arrow). Subsequent embolization of the right gastric artery was successful.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007250,CT scan in the axial plane showing the megarectum after the first surgery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007251,CT scan in the sagittal plane showing the megarectum after the first surgery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007252,"Abdominal CT scan showing markedly enlarged kidneys bilaterally extending downwards to the pelvis with innumerable multiple variable-sized renal cysts. Right kidney measures about 29cm, and the left kidney measures about 33cm."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007253,"Axial greyscale Right internal jugular vein ultrasound image. Axial greyscale right internal jugular vein ultrasound image showing a right internal jugular vein complete valve as a thin echogenic linear structure in the central lumen at the level of the thoracic inlet (arrow). The valve is of the bicuspid type, in which its motion throughout the cardiac cycle can be appreciated, as seen in Video 1."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007254,"Fluoroscopic image upon contrast injection at the level of the right brachiocephalic vein. Fluoroscopic image upon contrast injection at the level of the right brachiocephalic vein showing the contrast filling the right brachiocephalic vein (arrowhead), which directly drains into the PLSVC (Arrow). The contrast continues into the dilated coronary sinus (*) without leakage to the left atrium."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007255,Normal ocular ultrasound with the lens visible at the superior aspect of the image and the optic nerve sheath visible at the inferior aspect of the image.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007256,Chest CT of case 3 remarkable for bilateral patchy GGOs.CT: computed tomography; GGOs: ground-glass opacities
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007257,"Echocardiographic image: solid neoplasm floating in the left ventricle outflow chamber, connected to the anterolateral papillary muscle of the left ventricle and characterized by homogeneous density, large base implant, and regular margins."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007258,CT scan: right lower lobe consolidation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007259,The four chambers viewed at admission. Note the severe reduction in systolic function (LVEF 30% using the Simpson biplane method).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007260,"Computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses in the coronal plane, showing extensive disease with marked expansion of the sinuses, more pronounced in the right frontal sinus."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007261,Sagittal brain CT scan showing a subdural empyema.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007262,"Computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses in the coronal plane, showing a frontal meningocele protruding through a frontal sinus defect."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007263,Colour Doppler image of the anterior tibial artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007264,FLAIR sequence on brain MRI depicting multiple hyperintense signal foci (yellow arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007265,Cervical aortic arch. Arch above the thoracic inlet
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007266,CT chest sagittal view showing tracheal compression
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007267,Coronal computed tomography image of the spine demonstrating complete lateral dislocation of the lumbar spine (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007268,"Selected cine image from a left atrial (LA) cine-angiogram in a left axial oblique (30° LAO and 30° cranial) view illustrating atretic mitral valve (AMV). Opacification of the coronary sinus (CS) is seen via a connecting (C) vein. Such communications, including levoatriocardinal veins [16] have been documented in the literature. Reproduced from [4]."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007269," Neck computed tomography showed low density soft tissue shadow in the right submandibular space, laryngeal shift to the left, and subcutaneous tissue thickening. Sternocleidomastoid (s); Submandibular gland (sg); Blood accumulation (orange star)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007270,CT imaging of the lungs showing mild ground glass opacities in the right lung.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007271,Case C6. A pregnant 1-years-old Maine Coon cat with FAC presenting placental remnants at ultrasound after the treatment with aglepristone.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007272,Ultrasonography image of optic nerve sheath. Optic nerve sheath diameter (B: 4.7 mm) is measured 3 mm behind the optic disc (A).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007273,CT showing the duodenum (D3) anterior to the superior mesenteric artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007274,Chest x-ray depicting large right and small left pleural effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007275,CT scan of the chest confirming the large pericardial effusion (orange arrow) and a large right and small left pleural effusion (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007276,Chest X-ray showing bilateral symmetrical and diffuse alveolar opacities.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007277,"Craniospinal irradiation phase dosimetry. The radiation target is the whole brain and spinal canal (dark green line) inclusive of the thecal sac. The doses received by these regions are shown by a series of isodose lines for the 5 Gy (dark purple), 20 Gy (light purple), 23 Gy (dark blue), and 23.4 Gy (light blue) dose levels. Note the lack of low-dose radiation received by structures anterior to the spinal canal when using a proton beam that enters from the posterior surface."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007278,B-mode transrectal ultrasound revealed a huge prostatic cyst.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007279,Posteroanterior chest X-ray on admission showing right lower lobe mass (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007280,Transesophageal echocardiogram with Definity® contrast perfusion study showing contrast uptake by the right ventricle (RV) mass. The mass in the right ventricle (RV) has irregular borders and shows significant contrast uptake. 
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007281,"Chest radiograph of five-year-old patient obtained in the emergency department. The left hemithorax is radiopaque, concerning for a possible large pleural effusion (asterisk). There is a normal cardiac silhouette and hazy interstitial opacities concerning for an infectious process present in the right hemithorax (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007282,The computerized tomography showing colocolic intussusception within the sigmoid colon.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007283,Computed tomography findings of the urinary bladder mass lesion (arrow denotes the tumor).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007284,"CT abdomen showing a thick-walled, distended gallbladder, in keeping with acute cholecystitis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007285,"CT abdomen showing peri-pancreatic inflammatory stranding in keeping with acute severe pancreatitis, with no evidence of necrosis. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007286,"CT abdomen showing a sagittal view of a paraumbilical hernia containing bowel, causing small bowel obstruction."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007287,CT angiogram showing an axial view of a large 7.5 cm infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm with incidental bilateral renal cysts.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007288,"Retention of a patency capsule in a patient with Crohn’s disease.The patency capsule demonstrated as a linear, strong echo accompanied by an acoustic window is trapped at the oral side of the stenotic lesion (probe: 4 MHz convex)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007289,"Impending perforation of the cecum in a patient with ulcerative colitis.Deep ulcers are demonstrated, and an ulcer is as deep as the subserosa, indicating a high risk of perforation (probe: 7 MHz linear)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007290,A CT scan showing thrombus in left common iliac vein (CIV).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007291,"Two-year Rx follow-up. Rx check, 2 years after implantation."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007292,"Esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula.The feeding tube terminates in the proximal esophagus, with bowel gas noted throughout the abdomen. The appearance was suggestive of esophageal atresia with associated tracheoesophageal fistula."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007293,Follow-up computed tomography a year and 6 months after pancreaticoduodenectomy (coronal image). The superior mesenteric vein was obstructed near the splenic vein confluence (arrowhead)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007294,CT abdomen and pelvis without contrast revealing hepatosplenomegaly
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007295,MRI of the left knee with and without contrast revealing bony involvement
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007296,Selective right coronary aneurysm was showed in this figure. Right coronary angiogram showed a beaded pattern of a saccular/fusiform aneurysm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007297,CT scan (skull) of facial bones and periorbital sinuses (blue and red arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007298,Coronal CT image demonstrating a large lipomatous lesion (arrow) extending into the pelvis.CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007299,Spiral computed tomography (CT) scan of abdomen. The contrast-enhanced CT scan shows a mass that is approximately 2.8 × 2.0 cm in size in the right adrenal gland.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007300,Pre-operative X-ray knee AP view.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007301,Immediate post-operative X-ray knee AP view.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007302,Follow-up X-ray at 1.5 years (knee AP view).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007303,"CT scan showing pneumomediastinum (red arrows), pneumorrhachis (blue arrows) and subcutaneous emphysema (green arrows). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007304,Ultrasound images of scalp nodules showing fibrotic and granulomatous characteristics.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007305, CT scan showing hyperattenuation of the portal vein lumen (arrow) suggestive of PVT and resultant differential enhancement of the liver. PVT - portal vein thrombosis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007306,"Axial computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen.The image shows a cystic mass in the antrum (white arrow) corresponding to the lesion seen on endoscopy. Liver (L), gallbladder (Gb indicated by open black arrow); body of stomach (S), spleen (Sp), pancreas (P), and left kidney (K)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007307,Right submandibular lymph node with mild inflammatory changes
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007308,Chest RadiographyChest radiograph showing a large pneumopericardium (asterisk) and pneumoperitoneum (diamond). AP = anteroposterior; R = right; SCA = subclavian artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007309,"An example image of intervertebral disc extrusion MRI (1.5 T, T2 transverse planes)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007310,The area of 4th lymph node group in target delineation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007311,CT scan of the abdomen in 2018 showing large heterogenous enhancing right adrenal mass 11.0x9.8x14.8 cm (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007312,"CT scan of thorax, abdomen, pelvis in 2018 revealing paraspinal mass (red arrow). Right kidney is displaced inferiorly by the huge right adrenal mass (yellow arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007313,CT scan of the abdomen in 2020 showing size reduction of the right adrenal mass 9.8 x 8.8 x 13.2 cm (yellow arrow) and paraspinal mass (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007314,"Chest CT 3 weeks before patient presentation. Cardiomegaly with no pericardial effusion. CT, computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007315,Computed tomography scan showing left subclavian artery occlusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007316,"Coronary angiogram, the arrow revealing an acute occlusion of the proximal left circumflex artery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007317,"Coronary angiogram, the arrowrevealing an acute occlusion of the proximal left circumflex artery with a high thrombus load."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007318,Brain MRI showing periventricular and subcortical hyperintense FLAIR lesions (arrows)MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; FLAIR: fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007319,X-ray chest (Posterior anterior view) showing multifocal infiltrates (arrows) involving both lung fields.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007320," On the 3rd day after birth, abdominal X-ray showed that the intestinal tube was inflated, there was no obvious sign of gas separation downstream of the diaphragm, and there was no obvious gas-liquid level. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007321," After 4 d of treatment, liver ultrasound showed that hepatic portal venous gas disappeared completely. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007322,"Axial image of abdominal CT scan showing a mass of the right adrenal gland (red arrow) with major fatty component and a minimal soft tissue density, including a macrocalcification. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007323,HRCT features of an atypical pneumonic with less than 10% parenchymal involvement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007324,Transthoracic echocardiography (parasternal long-axis view) showing the presence of large vegetation in the aortic valve (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007325,"Axial post-contrast T1-weighted MRI (repetition time msec/echo time msec, 7.2/2.7) of the brain centered at the level of the lateral ventricles demonstrates two regions of leptomeningeal nodular enhancement near the caudate head and the right foramen of Monro (arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007326,Chest X-ray showing AICD lead in the superior vena cava.Chest x-rays were obtained at Upstate Medical University.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007327,"Primary TB in an 18-year-old man. Axial mediastinal-window CT image shows multiple enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes (short arrows), and right hilar lymph nodes are characterized by central low density and peripheral enhancement after contrast administration forming the rim sign (long arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007328,Preoperative chest X-ray did not show any abnormalities
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007329,"Patchy areas of consolidation with air bronchogram, tractional bronchiectasis with linear opacities in bilateral lung field"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007330,Axial contrast-enhanced chest CT in lung window showing bilateral peripheral ground-glass opacities.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007331,Antegrade pyelogram post drainage and insertion of nephrostomy tube.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007332,B-scan ultrasonography reveals massive suprachoroidal hemorrhage with kiss choroidal central and retinal apposition. The macula is spared.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007333,"B-scan ultrasonography of the patient 6 weeks after drainage with radial sclerotomies. Note that the hemorrhage has been cleared from the suprachoroidal space, but the retina is detached."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007334,Magnetic resonance imaging of the girl's mandible (T1 TSE fat sat contrast medium sequence) showed areas of bone necrosis (star) with peripheral reactive bone contrast enhancement (arrows) and enhancement of the soft tissue edema (arrowheads).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007335,Large left pneumothorax with complete left lung collapse
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007336,CT scan of the chest with arrows showing multiple bilateral pulmonary masses of varying sizes.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007337,Relevant anatomy is not visible (contralateral hip)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007338,Trochanter is not levelled
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007339,Radiograph with adequate gross lateral rotation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007340,DH: disc height; SL: segmental lordosis; LL: lumbar lordosis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007341,Right renal angiography. No bleeding spots were found.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007342, Chest computed tomography showing spiculating lung tumour in S6 of the right lung.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007343,Transthoracic echocardiography: Modified parasternal long axis view. Myocardial defect is located in the inferolateral wall (posterior wall) of left ventricle and Red arrow indicates neck of the cavity that connected to left ventricle. Green arrow indicates pseudoaneurysm. LA: left atrium; LV: left ventricle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007344," Coronary angiogram demonstrated occluded left circumflex arteries, the middle segment of the left anterior descending coronary artery was 30% narrowed, and the distal segment was occluded. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007345,HRCT temporal bone - coronal section showing the length of manubrium – M1 - 4.89mmHRCT - high-resolution computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007346,HRCT temporal bone - coronal section showing the total length of incus – I1 - 6.5mm. HRCT - high-resolution computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007347,"Computed tomography pulmonary angiography showing a round-shaped tumour (10 mm × 8 mm) in the right ventricular (black arrow) adherent to the interventricular septum and with regular borders, suspected to be benign."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007348,"Sagittal positioning of tibial component. A: horizontal axis of tibial component, B: a line perpendicular to a line drawn along posterior tibial cortex."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007349,"Sagittal positioning of femoral component. Ideally, an implant is placed perpendicular to the line drawn along anterior femoral cortex. A: a line along the anterior femoral cortex, B: a line along distal femoral resection."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007350,Sagittal cone beam computed tomography slice of a central incisor showing type (1-2-1).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007351,is an axial view of the non-contrast CT scan in which the periphery of the cystic component shows foci of coarse calcification (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007352,is the coronal contrast view showing the solid and cystic areas of the tailgut cyst
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007353,Ultrasound of authors' patient shows echogenicity with a posterior acoustic enhancement of hydrocele of the canal of Nuck
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007354,Coronal CT scan of authors' patient in venous phase shows the proximal origin of hydrocele of the canal of Nuck (yellow arrow) lateral to inferior epigastric vessels (white arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007355,IVUS image of the right coronary artery—diameters’ measurements.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007356,Heterogenous mass in the pouch of Douglas
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007357,"Post-operative anteroposterior X-ray view. A constrained prosthesis with long femoral and tibia stems was placed. A tantalum porous scaffold was placed in the proximal tibia due to bone loss, while augments supported the femoral and tibia components."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007358,Postoperative panoramic radiograph of the patient showing arrest of disease progression and remodeling of the affected area at six months after surgery. Encircled area shows no sign of osteonecrosis or new sequestrum
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007359,"Thrombosis in an extra-atrial Fontan conduit. Axial maximum intensity projection image shows an eccentric hypodensity in the extra–atrial Fontan conduit which persists in the delayed venous phase, suggesting thrombosis (arrow).C: conduit, RA: right atrium."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007360,Aorto-pulmonary collaterals in a post-operative case of the Fontan procedure. Coronal maximum intensity projection image shows numerous aorto pulmonary collaterals (arrow) arising from the brachiocephalic artery (white arrow) and supplying the right pulmonary circulation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007361,"Systemic-pulmonary venovenous shunt in a post-operative case of the Fontan procedure. Coronal maximum intensity projection image shows a prominent systemic-to-pulmonary venous collateral (arrow) draining a sub diaphragmatic vein into the left inferior pulmonary vein (*).C: conduit, LA: left atrium."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007362,"Protein losing enteropathy after the Fontan procedure in a patient with edema, hypoalbumenia, and chronic diarrhea. Coronal contrast-enhanced computed tomography image shows abdominal ascites and diffuse circumferential thickening of small bowel loops (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007363,"Chest X-ray with defibrillator coils in RV, SVC, subclavian vein, coronary sinus, left parasternal subcutaneous, and epicardial space. Additional pace-sense lead in RV."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007364,Subsequent lateral chest radiograph revealed no opacity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007365,Brain MRISagittal view showing the cerebrum and cerebellum. Mild global parenchymal volume loss is noted.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007366,Coronal cone-beam computed tomography section of a mandibular first molar with a pulp stone and medium restoration.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007367,Fluoroscopic images showing that the side‐viewing duodenoscope to be set to the push position for endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) via the minor papilla (MP)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007368,"CXR on admission showed lung fields are symmetrically aerated. Tracheostomy tube position somewhat eccentrically to the right. Pneumomediastinum was a new finding after the tracheostomy tube was changed by the surgery team, which was resolved with conservative management. A lung nodule is noted at the left lung base."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007369,AP pelvis x-ray reveals a femoral neck fracture of the left hip
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007370,"Coronal section CT scan of abdomen. Organ inversion, splenomegaly, and intestinal effusion-labeled spleen."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007371,CT angiography demonstrating communication between the right superficial femoral (dashed arrow) and profunda femoral artery branches to the right common femoral vein (bolded arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007372,Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) of an arteriovenous fistula between the right superficial femoral (dashed arrow) and profunda femoral artery branches to the right common femoral vein (bolded arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007373,X-ray of the left hip showing dislocation and uncoupling of the femoral head. X-ray shows the decoupled bipolar head lying in the supracetabular area.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007374,CT abdomen post ERCP (axial slice). Arrows pointing to gas locules within seroma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007375,Transthoracic echocardiography: two-dimensional parasternal long-axis view showing LA mass (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007376,"ADC map brain showing bilateral thalamic infarcts, right thalamus is more involved left"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007377,An avulsion fracture of the lesser tuberosity in a 34-year-man who had fallen from a 7 meter high building. The axillary radiograph of the shoulder shows an avulsion fracture of the lesser tuberosity (arrow). Provided by Inje University Busan Paik Hospital.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007378,"HRCT of chest showing multifocal consolidation with ground glass opacities, interlobular septal thickening, and fibrotic bands in the lungs."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007379,Chest computed tomography with contrast showing bilateral pulmonary emboli and multifocal lung consolidations.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007380,Showing filling defect in Cholangiogram.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007381,"Demonstrated a hypoechoic lesion in hyperechoic thickening peritoneum. The lesion was biopsy with a 20-gauge needle (EchoTip ProCore 20 gage needle; Cook Medical, Limerick, Ireland)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007382,Coronal B (T2-weighted sequence)—Thicker cortical layer on the right side.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007383,Coronal (T2-weighted sequence). Slight delayed myelination.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007384,Patient’s orthopantomography presenting Primary Failure of Eruption in all four dental quadrants.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007385,CT scan of the chest (lung window)A giant cystic lesion with an air-fluid level on the left and air bronchogram containing pulmonary consolidation on the right lung.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007386,CT scan of the chest (mediastinal window)A giant cyst measuring 11 × 16 cm with a thick wall and floating hydatid membranes in the pleural fluid (serpent sign).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007387,Venous contrast study showing thrombus (arrow) and flow obstruction at the thoracic outlet.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007388,Measurement of Placental Thickness at the Level of Cord Insertion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007389,Very large area of opacification in the right perihilar region measuring 12 × 6 cm shape (a) and right lung base involving mediastinum and transecting right bronchus (b).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007390,Computed tomography–guided percutaneous aspiration of the cystic lesion in the left psoas muscle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007391,Plain abdominal radiography shows diffuse calcification of the renal graft in the right iliac fossa; continuous (‘tram line’) calcifications of the pelvic arteries suggestive for arteriosclerosis are present; the peritoneal dialysis catheter is correctly positioned
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007392,Anterior-posterior chest X-ray showing extensive bilateral nodular densities
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007393,Pre-operative computerized tomography demonstrating hemiazygos vein draining into left SVC and subsequently into the left and anterior aspect of common atrium. LSVC = left superior vena cava.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007394,Post-operative computerized tomography demonstrating septation between the left and right atrium. LA = left atrium; RA = right atrium.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007395,"Radiographic image of a mesiodens, no other supernumerary teeth are visible"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007396,Postoperative radiographs showing revision surgery with cemented hemiarthroplasty of the hip
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007397,"Gastric ultrasound in the right lateral decubitus (RLD) position using a Philips Lumify C5-2 broadband curvilinear probe. This is a screenshot of a three second mp4 video clip. The MP4 clip is also available for viewing. The liver; GA (gastric antrum), and Ao (Aorta) are labelled."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007398,Abdominal CT scan without contrast shows resolution of abscesses.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007399,Panoramic X-ray of case #2.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007400,Intraoral X-ray of case #2 at one-year follow-up exam.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007401,OPG X-ray of case #4.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007402,Chest X-ray arrows show bilateral prominent bronchovascular markings with no obvious consolidation or infiltrate seen
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007403,Axial T2-weighted MRI demonstrating intermediate to slightly low signal intensity of the orbital masses
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007404,Pelvis coronal view by MRI showing the left testis with uterus continuing as cervix and upper vagina
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007405,Illustrative 3 T MRI slices of the patient’s cervical spine. C1–Th2 are in sagittal (A T2w TSE and C T1w TSE with fat-saturation and after iv application of GBCA) and coronal orientation (B short tau inversion recovery [STIR]). Representative transversal slices at the C4 level are depicted in D (T2w TSE) and E (T1 fs TSA with iv GBCA). Long-range (C2–C6) T2-signal increase of the anterior horn of the myelon (white arrows) with subtle corresponding contrast enhancement (white arrowheads)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007406,Bilateral hand‐wrist radiographs
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007407,Orthopantogram depicting condylar flattening and bifid tendency on left side
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007408,Angiography of the right common carotid angiography demonstrated a large pseudoaneurysm filling from the junction of the right petrous and laceral segments of the internal carotid artery with active bleeding
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007409,Fluoroscopic image showing temporary pacing lead at RV apex. RV: right ventricle
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007410,"Standardised collection of data from UBM images. ACD = 2.70 mm, ILCD (nasal) = 0.58 mm, ILCD (temporal) = 0.58 mm, ILA(nasal) = 11.7°, and ILA (temporal) = 12.6°."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007411,Sagittal T2 magnetic resonance images of the craniocervical junction in a 12-year-old girl with achondroplasia. There is subtle increased T2 signal (arrow) without evidence of foramen magnum stenosis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007412,A CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) revealed a filling defect in the pulmonary arterial phase in the right main pulmonary artery cava. and right pleural effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007413,Contrast-enhanced CT image at the level of the diaphragm shows a filling defect (thrombus) in the inferior vena cava. and perihepatic free fluid.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007414,"Chest X-Ray of a 14-years-olf girl with Pre-XDR TB. It shows opacity at the right hilar, lobulated infiltrate in the left apex, nodular at left hilar, and lymph node enlargement at bilateral peri-hilar."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007415,Axial Gradient Echo Image shows internal hypointense foci with blooming effect suggesting haemorrhage (red arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007416,Periapical radiograph showing the line of action of the force.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007417,CT scan showing right-sided lung mass (green arrow) and pleural effusion (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007418,"Dynamic computed tomography (CT) shows a massive, contrast-enhanced fluid collection in the stomach"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007419,"EUS demonstrates a 52 mm, mostly anechoic cystic lesion between the posterior gastric wall and the head/body of the pancreas."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007420,"CT abdomen and pelvis (coronal view, bone window) showing clusters of greater than three distinct foci of intramedullary gas with irregularly irregular sizes, giving the classic ""Pumice Stone sign"" of emphysematous osteomyelitis.CT: Computed tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007421,"CT abdomen and pelvis (axial section, soft tissue window) showing intra-osseous pneumatosis of the pubic bone."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007422," CT abdomen and pelvis (axial section, bone window) showing intra-medullary gas with irregularly irregular sizes, consistent with emphysematous osteomyelitis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007423,CT thorax (coronal mediastinal window) showing a filling defect at the bifurcation of upper and lower segmental pulmonary branches indicating pulmonary embolism.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007424,"Radiograph of the hips in a 1.5-year-old girl with unilateral dysplasia of the right hip. In black, presentation of measurement of acetabular angle (angle between the acetabular roofline and Hilgenreiner’s line). Lateral head distance in the radiograph is indicated by the light short gray line."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007425,Resolution of Chilaiditi's sign at one month radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007426,Axial orbital CT scan of the patient.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007427,Intraoral periapical radiograph revealing a donut-like radiopacity (indicated by white arrow mark) in the periapical root region of the broken right maxillary central incisor tooth
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007428,A 67-year-old man with splenic lymphoma. Multiple hypoechoic nodules are visible in the splenic region. Some of the nodules are fused with each other. Striations in the hyperechoic areas are observed in the nodule (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007429,A 54-year-old man clinically suspected of having splenic lymphoma. Two-dimensional ultrasound (2D US) showed uniform splenic echogenicity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007430,Ultrasound image and landmarks of the erector spinae plane block. Ultrasonographic visualisation of the needle positioning after the injection of the local anaesthetic in the interfascial plane. Note the distribution of the local anaesthetic observed in the interfacial plane between the erector spinae muscle and the lumbar transverse process.ES = Erector spinae complex; TP = transverse process; IT = intertransversarii lumborum muscles; LA = local anaesthetic; IFP = interfascial plane
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007431,Preoperative OPT of a 72 y old male showing highly alveolar ridge atrophy in the maxilla before treatment
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007432,OPT after implant-loading by CAD-CAM- milled bar construction for cover-denture
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007433,"Sagittal T1 fat-saturated image showing abnormal enhancement of the anterior surface of the clivus (blue arrow), the dura (red arrow), and the prepontine cistern (yellow arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007434,Chest X-ray showing dual-chamber pacemaker with intact leads
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007435,CT scan image at first presentation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007436,Chest X-ray 16 years after second surgery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007437,Mediastinal shift angle (MSA) calculation. True-Fisp axial image at the level of four-chamber view of the heart shows a sagittal midline (continuous line) drawn from the posterior face of the vertebral body to the mid of the sternum and a second line (dashed line) drawn from the same point of the vertebral body to touch the lateral wall of the right atrium tangentially
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007438,"- Axial contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the chest of one 69-year-old woman with colon cancer for staging, demonstrating bilateral elastofibroma dorsi. Lesion thickness was taken using the maximum axial dimension (bold white line)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007439,Transoesophageal echocardiogram demonstrating size of mobile calcific lesion on mitral valve.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007440,panoramic X-ray showing the oroantral fistula with intrasinus displacement of root of maxillary left second molar in the sinus
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007441," Follow-up brain computed tomography on day 3 of hospitalization. Arrowhead: Hyperdense acute hemorrhage at the right parietal lobe, in resolution. Asterisk: Hypodense perifocal edema around the acute hemorrhage, indicating the early phase of hematoma absorption."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007442,A pelvic magnetic resonance imaging scan (coronal plane) showing high signals in the bilateral sciatic nerves (arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007443,An enhanced abdominal computed tomography scan (transverse plane) showing effusions of pericardial and pleural fluid (white arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007444,"Transverse abdominal US of the gallbladder (case number 8) shows an echogenic polyp (arrow) in the gallbladder. GB, gallbladder; US, ultrasonography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007445,Anteroposterior long-leg weight-bearing radiograph after high tibial osteotomy for valgisation of genu varum
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007446,"High-resolution chest CT without intravenous contrast revealed multiple large thick-walled cavitating lesions in both upper lobes with post-fibrotic bronchiectatic changes. Another large cavity was present in the left lower lobe, and multiple small cavitary lesions were observed in the right middle lobe and superior segment of the right upper lobe. No pleural thickening or effusion was noted."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007447,"CTof the paranasal sinuses. The nasal septum was deviated to the left side. Residual mild mucosal thickening was observed in the bilateral ethmoid, sphenoid and maxillary sinuses, in addition to right-sided chronic suppurative otitis media."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007448,"PA radiograph of the left hand for bone age evaluation. A radiograph of the left hand is depicted. The patient's chronological age at the time of the evaluation was 12 years and 2 months. According to the second edition of Greulich and Pyle, the patient's bone age is 11 years. Also noted is a short first metacarpal bone. The remaining bones have normal morphology. There is normal bone mineral density."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007449,Motion degraded post-operative image demonstrates interval resection of the left frontoparietal (a) and right posterior frontal lesions (b) with a small amount of blood involving the surgical resection (left > right) without evidence of enhancement and a small left posterior convexity subdural hematoma.MRI - magnetic resonance imaging.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007450,CT angiogram of the abdomen/pelvis with demonstration of the classic “beads on a string” appearance of the mid right renal artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007451,"The skin entry point was determined by drawing a line from the posterior annulus at the midpedicular level to the lateral margin of the facet joint on axial computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging, usually located approximately 6-7 cm from the midline."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007452,Dislodged needle below the tricuspid valve and imbedded in the interventricular septum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007453,Transverse magnetic resonance (MR) images of patient 7. T2-blade shows delayed myelination and enlargement of the lateral ventricles.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007454,Original design of the MRI lumbar spine image.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007455,"TG sonogram of patient K., 45, with DTG. Heterogeneity of the parenchyma echostructure due to areas of reduced and increased echogenicity."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007456,"Sonoelastogram of the liver in patient M., 56, with DTG. Increased stiffness of the liver parenchyma, an indicator of 7.2 kPa, corresponds to the degree of fibrosis F2."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007457,Axial view of CT abdomen and pelvis with severe urinary retention. The urinary bladder measures 169.84 mm in diameter.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007458,Initial angiogram of RCA shows the patent stent in the mid-segment of RCA and severe disease in ostioproximal segment of the right posterior descending artery (arrow).RCA: right coronary artery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007459,Sagittal T2-weighted MRI showing mass centred on the lower uterine segment with associated uterine distortion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007460,"X-ray of the right upper limb shows moth-eaten appearance of distal radius metaphyseal region, lytic lesion, and cortex breakage at the radius styloid."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007461,MRI of the right upper limb shows soft tissue mass occupying the distal right radius and ulna with extension to the carpal bones.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007462,Computed tomography pelvis with contrast showing bilateral pelvic and groin lymphadenopathy with penile base mass and scrotal edema.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007463,MRCP with IV contrast coronal view six months later. White arrow showing no evidence of previously observed mass or signs of obstruction.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007464,Intra-operative radiographic view after plate fixation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007465,Plain radiograph of the chest showing mild cardiomegaly with left atrialization and slight increase in pulmonary blood flow.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007466,Normal chest X-ray - no signs of bronchial Infiltrates
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007467,Five to seven days (expected) since first contact - increased viral load
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007468,CT chest axial lung window showing irregular soft tissue density left lower lobe mass (arrow). CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007469,X-ray of the knee: anteroposterior view.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007470,X-ray showing the axial view of the patella.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007471,X-ray of the knee post total knee replacement: lateral view.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007472,"Right parasternal short-axis view of the aorta (Ao), body of the left atrium (LA) and left atrial appendge (LAA). The LA and LAA are severely enlarged"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007473,Chest X-ray showing cardiomegaly
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007474,Two weeks post pericardiocentesis showing minimal pericardial recollection. PE: pericardial effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007475,Dilation of the veins of the left pampiniform plexus up to 0.72 cm in B-mode
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007476,Brain MRI sagittal view showing focal anterior pituitary hypoenhancing lesion at the midline and eccentric to the right
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007477,Chest CT findings Clustered centrilobular nodular opacities bilaterally and multiple new pulmonary nodules indicated by yellow arrows.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007478,"Sagittal T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI T2W1) of injured spinal cord. There showed some patchy abnormal shadows with a hyperintense signal of spinal cord below thoracic 1 vertebrae (white arrow), indicating the possibility of spinal cord edema or contusion. There showed also spinal cord swelling at the level of thoracic 10–12 vertebrae (red arrow) with spine fracture, which indicated spinal cord injury (ASIA-A)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007479,Right upper lobe 5.4 cm mass with a central cavity with the eccentric region with thick walls.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007480,"One year later CT showed chronic fibrotic changes involving large portions of the middle, lateral, and basilar portions of the right lung.Abbreviation: CT, computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007481,MRI at the initial presentation.The sagittal view shows a fistula tracking from the prostate coursing anteriorly to the symphysis pubis.MRI: magnetic resonance imaging
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007482,Gallium scan SPECT/CT.Axial SPECT/CT gallium scan (48 hours post-gallium 67 citrate injection) shows minimal uptake within the pubic symphysis in comparison to the bone scan done previously. This is consistent with treated osteomyelitis.SPECT/CT: single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007483,Pretreatment orthopantomogram.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007484,Panoramic radiographic view. Panoramic radiograph revealing a well-defined unilocular radiolucency around impacted mesiodens.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007485,Axial chest CT image demonstrates peripheral ground-glass opacities in a patient with the early phase of COVID-19 infection.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007486,CT scan postchemotherapy treatment showing a reduction in the size of the mediastinal mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007487,Chest computed tomography-scan performed on day 40 after onset of symptoms showed excavations in right lower lobe with residual ground glass opacities.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007488,CT scan of the brain (case 2) reveals a large hyperdense suprasellar lesion and mild ventricular dilatation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007489,Beam arrangement and dose distribution in SBPT planning.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007490,"Coronal view of the preoperative CT scan, demonstrating features of small bowel obstruction (yellow arrows), as well as the retrocecal location of the internal hernia (red arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007491,Intraoperative X-ray fluoroscopy.X-ray fluoroscopy revealed extravasation of intravenous contrast from the left common iliac to the ureter.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007492,Axial contrast-enhanced CT image demonstrating aneurysmal dilatation of the left common iliac artery (arrow) with surrounding hematoma
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007493,"X-ray showing A) Preoperative radiograph of the right hip joint with features of synovial chondromatosis, B) Fused right-sided sacroiliac joint, and C) 'Dagger' signs which are suggestive of ankylosing spondylitis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007494,"High-resolution chest computed tomography. Computed tomography revealed interstitial changes, multiple lytic and lucent lesions of varying sizes, bilateral pulmonary nodules, and multiple fat density areas in the inferior mediastinum."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007495,Ultrasonography demonstrating inguinal lymph nodes of a habitual size
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007496,Small lymphatic vessels (black arrows) carrying the contrast to the deep pelvic basins
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007497,Lipiodol being aspirated through the previously allocated percutaneous drain (black arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007498,Radiological measurements. The superolateral angle between the mechanical axis of the femur and the joint surface of the femoral condyle was defined as the mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA). The inferomedial angle between the anatomical axis of the tibia and the articular axis of the proximal tibia was labeled as the medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA). The mechanical axis deviation (MAD) was designated as the distance from the center of the knee to the mechanical axis of the lower leg. Mechanical axis = AB.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007499,"CT KUB showing swelling of the bilateral gluteus medius and minimus muscles with faint hypodense areas within, with overlying subcutaneous fat stranding and oedema. CT KUB: computed tomography of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007500,Lateral direct radiograph shows a hydatid cyst resembling a heart.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007501,Chest radiograph after right thoracentesis. The catheter was removed. Lung fields were clear.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007502,"Coronal computed tomography (CT) scan of case 2. Enhanced CT scan on day 4 revealing a marked thickening with a target sign in the upper jejunum (arrows). The lesion is distributed segmentally, suggesting an ischemic rather than an infectious enterocolitis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007503,"Mid-esophageal TEE aortic valve long-axis view showing aortic insufficiency due to aortic annulus entrapment.NCC: noncoronary cusp, RCC: right coronary cusp, LA: left atrium, LVOT: Left ventricular outflow tract, ASC: ascending aorta, and RV: right ventricle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007504,"Postoperative mid-esophageal TEE aortic valve long-axis view showing normal aortic valve with no evidence of aortic insufficiency. NCC: noncoronary cusp, RCC: right coronary cusp, LA: left atrium, LVOT: left ventricular outflow tract, ASC AO: ascending aorta, and RV: right ventricle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007505, Spine magnetic resonance imaging made on admission. High signal intensity was apparent within the left spinal cord at level T2-8 on a T2-weighted image.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007506,Parasternal long-axis view showing correct Impella positioning with aliasing in the ascending aorta.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007507,The patient’s CT imaging of the thoracic region showed enhancement of the left axillary lymph node.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007508,Computed tomography image showing an intrahepatic cyst (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007509,CT image of a patient with lung nodule.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007510,Admission chest X-ray demonstrating only mildly increased lung markings
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007511,Sagittal CTPA slice demonstrating pneumomediastinum. CTPA: computed tomography pulmonary angiogram
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007512,"Panoramic radiograph showing a radiopaque image associated with the left posterior maxillary alveolar process, with divergence of the crowns of the first and second molars and loss of bone insertion."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007513,Skin Aortic Ring Center Distance (SARCD) measurement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007514,Ultrasound scan shows a gestational sac in the right ovary.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007515,"PET/CT image of a mouse bearing a hPD-L1POS tumor at 1 h 20 p.i. of the [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-(hPD-L1) nanobody, obtained on the β-CUBE PET/CT system. Scale on the PET image is in kBq/mL. Adapted with permission from [53]."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007516,CT angiography showing the saccular aneurysm (red arrow) that measured 1.7 cm in maximal dimension. Enhancement was similar to the arterial network and there was a significant communication with the internal cavernous carotid artery. No additional aneurysms were identified and there was no arterial occlusion or hemodynamically significant narrowing (Color version of the figure is available online.)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007517,Post-trauma lateral radiographic projection of the seventh lumbar vertebra fracture showing cranio-ventral displacement of the sacrum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007518,Octopolar linear leads placed over the bilateral T8 and T9.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007519,Preoperative ventrodorsal radiographic view of cadaver pelvis of which sacroiliac luxation has been artificially induced. Pelvic canal narrowing due to sacroiliac luxation is observed. The length of the screw used for surgery is calculated from the sum of the sacral width and the width of one iliac wing (yellow line).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007520,Coronary angiography image. Coronary angiogram on admission in Case 1 shows the total occlusion of the mid circumflex
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007521,Brain MRI image. Brain MRI on six days from admission in Case 2 shows infarctions in the right thalamus
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007522,The coronary arteries after the arterial switch operation. 3D balanced steady state free precession (bSSFP) reconstructed image of the origin of the left coronary artery (LCA). The origin of the LCA (*) is occasionally wedged between the main pulmonary artery (MPA) and the aortic root (AO).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007523,"Aortic root dilation. bSSFP cine image in a vertical long-axis view through the inlet and outlet of the LV demonstrates a significant dilation of the aortic root. Ao indicates aorta; LA, left atrium; and LV, left ventricle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007524,Candy cane view of a 12 year old after subclavian flap angioplasty repair of coarctation of the aorta with a moderate sized aneurysm formation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007525,Post-Op CT scan. Clear hypopharynx with no sign of recurrence.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007526,Portal venogram of Decell-recell liver graft demonstrating patency of vasculature and no evidence of thrombosis after 1-h in vivo perfusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007527,MRI cervical spine: sagittal T2: hyper intense intra-medullary T2 signal
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007528,"MRI thoracic spine, axial T2: showed central intra medullary T2 hyper intense signal"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007529,MRI thoracic spine: Sagittal T2: After 6 cycles of cyclophosphamide treatment: resolving of T2 signal. Atrophy of the spinal cord
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007530,"Oval shaped corpus callosum lesion with diffusion restriction, high T2 and FLAIR signal without enhancement or hemorrhagic component on SWI consistent with cytotoxic lesion of corpus callosum (Transient splenial lesion)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007531,Transthoracic echocardiogram image with parasternal short axis view. Yellow arrow points towards the left atrial mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007532,Transthoracic echocardiogram image with apical four-chamber view. Yellow arrow points towards the left atrial mass at the septal wall.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007533,"Postoperative X-ray after sternal stabilization, stabilization of ribs 3–6 on the right side and right clavicle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007534,CT angiography (CTA) axial view shows severe narrowing of the left vertebral artery at C2 level with possible dissection (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007535,Cerebral angiogram with head in the neutral position.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007536,Cerebral angiogram with the head rotated to the right shows the dynamic stenosis of the left vertebral artery on head-turning (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007537,Cervical CT scan showing a big quantity of gas corresponding to a mediastinitis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007538,Radiological parameters are shown. A : Cervical lordosis. B : T1 slope. C : Segmental lordosis. D : C2–7 sagittal vertical axis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007539,A 2D (top) and M-mode (bottom) imaging of parasternal long-axis echocardiogram showing pericardial tamponade. Bright yellow arrows show dark echo-free signal from pericardial fluid with left ventricular contraction in both end-diastolic and end-systolic.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007540,DWI images showing large acute infarction seen in the left MCA territory (shown in blue arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007541, CT (transverse) image showing enlargement of the appendix and cluster of lymph nodes (circled).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007542,Immediate post-operative plain radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007543,Measurement of the widest dimension of the ulnar physis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007544,Drawing of a circle centered on the ulnar side of the ulnar physis (circle radius is the width of the ulnar physis).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007545,Drawing of a circle centered on the radial aspect of the radius physis (circle radius is the width of the radial physis).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007546,"Radiographic evaluation of T1 slope, NT (neck tilt), and TIA (thoracic inlet angle), C2–7 Cobb angle, and C2–7 SVA (sagittal vertical axis)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007547,"A 48-year-old man with a chronic plantar fascial tear.He had acute extreme pain at the plantar heel when he slammed on the brakes during a traffic accident 2 years ago. Long-axis view of the proximal plantar fascia shows marked thickening, blurred margin, and disruption of the normal fibrillar pattern (arrows). The abnormality of the plantar fascia is most pronounced at 2-3 cm distal to the calcaneal insertion, which is the typical site for a plantar fascial tear."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007548,"A 76-year-old woman with peroneal tendinopathy and split tear of the peroneus brevis.Short-axis view of the peroneal tendons at the retromalleolar level shows enlarged peroneal tendons with a longitudinal split tear gap (arrow) at the peroneus brevis tendon, which is pushed anteriorly by the peroneus longus tendon toward the lateral malleolus. PB, peroneus brevis tendon; PL, peroneus longus tendon."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007549,Abdominal ultrasound showing gastric distension.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007550,Preoperative MRI scan (sagittal cut).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007551,Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the right femur in axial inversion recovery sequence image demonstrates extensive signal abnormality within the right hip muscles which shows features of muscle edema (green arrow). The orange arrow demonstrates the normal muscle
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007552,Echocardiogram in an apical four-chamber view shows a large pericardial effusion present circumferentially around the entire heart (red arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007553,Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) (subcostal view) shows the membrane arising from the inferior vena cava (IVC) and reaching the interatrial septum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007554,"In Axial MRI, the red arrow shows a lesion on the posterior side of the vertebra with severe central canal stenosis. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007555,Representative computed tomography (CT) images of a 71-year-old male patient that presented with recurrent oedema of the left lower extremity for 6 years: (a) contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen and pelvis showed a massive diverticulum of the bladder that resulted in severe compression of the left iliac vein (white arrow) and (b) CT re-examination indicated that the bladder diverticulum was obviously retracted and there was no compression of the left iliac vein (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007556,Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain illustrates cortical and subcortical atrophy with mild compensatory ventricular ectasia
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007557,Coronal CT showing hepatic abscess with drains.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007558,"CT scan showing giant hepatic abscess with occult bile leak. The outlined arch indicates the liver nestled within the ribs, preventing natural wound contractile forces."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007559,"Coronary angiogram showing obstruction in the left anterior coronary artery, as shown by the blue arrow."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007560,"Computed tomography scan showing the tracheostomy tube through the fenestrated silicone stent. Tt, tracheal tube. Black arrow, tracheal wall reconstruction with tracheal stent. Dotted arrow, tracheal tube cuff placed above the carina to avoid selective ventilation."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007561,Doppler ultrasound examination of PVT.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007562,Chest X-ray: extensive abnormal densities (arrows) throughout the lung fields are consistent with COVID-19 infection. COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007563,CT of abdomen and pelvis: multiple pulmonary emboli (arrows). CT: computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007564,CT of abdomen: diffuse fatty change and perihepatic edema (arrow) are in keeping with acute hepatitis. CT: computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007565,Lung CT scan of the patient at previous admission shows moderate involvement of the patient's lungs.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007566,Preoperative chest radiography of a 64-year-old female patient that was admitted for the surgical repair of a left femur neck fracture showing evidence of a left pneumonectomy that was undertaken 20 years previously for tuberculosis-destroyed lung that was the sequela of pulmonary tuberculosis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007567,Illustration of lateral capitellohumeral angle (LCHA)The image is taken from Hasegawa et al. (2021) [14]; permission of use obtained.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007568,"Axial ultrasound image showing a predominantly solid, isoechoic nodule in the right lobe with central punctate echogenic foci which was more difficult to classify using BTA. BTA, British Thyroid Association"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007569,Spinal thoracic computed tomography (CT) scan without intravenous (IV) contrast. The CT scan shows mild grand glass opacity (GGO) and micronodules on the posterior side of both lungs.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007570,"MRI of the brain with contrast in a T2-weighted axial view. The axial view shows increased signal intensity and diffusion restriction is seen in the anteromedial aspect of the right temporal lobe, insular cortex, and right hippocampus (red arrows). There is a loss of gray-white differentiation in the medial aspect of the right temporal lobe."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007571,MRI brain without contrast in a T1-weighted axial view. MRI brain without contrast in a T1-weighted axial view shows hemorrhagic transformation (red arrows) in the right mesial temporal lobe.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007572,"MRI brain without contrast focused on orbits, T1-weighted, axial view The axial view shows bilateral ocular globes and extra-ocular muscles that are normal."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007573,MRV of the brain. Magnetic resonance venography  (MRV) of the brain shows patent dural venous sinuses (red arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007574,Axial contrast-enhanced CT of the neck with prominent circumferential thickening (blue arrow) of the subglottic airway with calcifications and associated airway narrowing.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007575,MRI of the knee joint (cross-sectional view). The red arrow points to the tumor.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007576,"Trajectory of the portal vein, with absent left portal vein."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007577,Portal vein surrounding liver metastasis in segment 7.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007578,MRI image again demonstrating segment 5 metastatic lesion in close proximity to portal vein.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007579," Actual finding of arterioportal shunting. The ileocecal vein and artery were anastomosed in a side-to-side fashion. In a patient in whom the initial endovascular treatment failed (patient 14), hemostasis was completed by additional transcatheter arterial embolization, and liver infarction subsequently occurred. Therefore, an arterioportal shunt was surgically created to oxygenate the portal vein flow. In this case, arterioportal shunting minimized progression to fatal liver infarction due to hepatic ischemia and refractory liver abscess due to biliary ischemia. PV: Portal vein."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007580,HRCT thorax showing cavitary lesion in enlarged view with green cross
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007581,"Chest radiography. Chest radiography shows cardiomegaly with prominent lung markings. Airspace opacities, pleural effusion, and pneumothorax are absent."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007582,Postoperative x-ray.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007583,"Draw a transecting line to the center of the sacral end plate from the center of the right femoral head (cursor). By subtracting the angle shown in the figures from 90°, the orthogonal angle was obtained to display the pelvic incidence (PI). For example, this patient’s right-sided PI = 90° -22°= 68°"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007584,"Draw a transecting line to the center of the sacral end plate from the center of the left femoral head (cursor). By subtracting the angle shown in the figures from 90°, the orthogonal angle was obtained to display the pelvic incidence (PI). For example, this patient’s left-sided sided PI = 90° -28° = 62° for the left-sided PI. Add the right- and left-sided PIs and divide by 2 to obtain the average PI = 68°+ 62°=65°"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007585,Computed tomography angiography showing celiac artery stenosis due to overlying median arcuate ligament with post-stenotic dilation.SMA = superior mesenteric artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007586,Mesenteric ultrasound showing the angle between the celiac artery and aorta on deep expiration.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007587, Magnetic resonance imaging finding. No abnormal lesions were found in either breast.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007588,Two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in the long axis-view shows the pacing lead (arrow) in the left atrium. The lead passes across the mitral valve to the left ventricle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007589,A 61 year-old male patient with adhesive intestinal obstruction complicated with small intestinal volvulus. He had received surgery for rectal cancer 2 years ago. The CT image shows a beak sign in front of abdominal aorta. No bowel wall ischemia was identified during surgery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007590,A 78 year-old male patient with megacolon complicated with volvulus. The CT image shows a whirl sign. Bowel wall ischemia and mesenteric venous thrombosis were observed during surgery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007591,An 88 year-old male patient with intussusception caused by stromal tumor of the small intestine. The CT image shows a target sign. Ischemic necrosis of the intestinal wall was seen during surgery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007592,"A 22 year-old female patient suffered from uterine perforation caused by curettage surgery, and adhesive intestinal obstruction afterwards, which led to abdominal abscess and formation of internal ileal fistula. During surgery, partial bowel wall necrosis was seen at the fistula orifice."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007593,An 81 year-old female patient with internal hernia of the small intestine. The CT image shows incarcerated intestinal canal and wall pneumatosis. Ischemic necrosis of the incarcerated intestinal canal was seen during surgery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007594,"A 28 year-old female patient had received “appendectomy” and suffered from “intestinal obstruction” for several times after the operation. The CT image shows a fish tooth sign. Partial ileum and its mesenterium adhered to the abdominal wall of the incision, and no bowel wall ischemia was identified during surgery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007595,Axial magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine Axial spine MRI demonstrated enhancement of the left L4 nerve roots (as indicated by the red circle) suggestive of inflammation or neuropathy. There was no evidence of masses or impingement on imaging. 
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007596,"CT scan of a 66-year-old unvaccinated woman with COVID-19 interstitial pneumonia. CO-RADS 4, confirmed by molecular swab; RNSA CT severity score of 22 points. The patient was admitted to the subintensive care unit."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007597,Standard manual segmentation result.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007598,Patient transverse T2 magnetic resonance imaging results. The swallow-tail sign (red arrow) was absent.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007599,Full-length radiography of the lower limbs shows pelvic tilt and right genu varum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007600,Computed tomography of the hip joint shows marked atrophy of the right gluteus medius muscle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007601,Chest radiograph depicting free air under the diaphragm shown by blue arrow pointing to free air.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007602,Venous phase of right internal carotid artery angiography finding. Black arrows indicate cerebral venous thrombosis in the superficial sagittal sinus. White arrows indicate some collateral venous flow from the right bridging vein to the left bridging vein.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007603,Abdominal computerized tomography (CT) scan with pneumatosis intestinalis of the right colon (arrows) (soft tissue window)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007604,Abdominal computerized tomography (CT) scan with pneumatosis intestinalis of the right colon (arrows) (lung window)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007605,"Chest x-ray shows bilateral parahilar and peripheral-based opacities, cavity-like radiolucent lesions (black arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007606,Neck CT: sagittal section of right deep cervical lymphadenopathy with central necrosis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007607,Incomplete partition type I. A 5-year-old female with profound right SNHL. A 45-year-old-man with progressive left HL. Axial MRI T2 high-resolution 3D sequence obtained at IAC level shows typical IP-I malformation abnormalities on the left side (arrow) with a cystic appearance of the cochlea (asterisk) that is clearly separated from the vestibule
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007608,Same patient shown in Fig. 10. Multiplanar reconstruction on the coronal plane allows the vestibular aqueduct dilatation to be easily measured (> 1.5 mm is considered pathological)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007609,A 34-year-old male with IAC partition occasionally found in trauma screening. Isolated facial canal is demonstrated (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007610,Thickened endometrium is seen with no pregnancy sac in the uterine cavity
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007611,"Dark area, about 2.2 cm long, is seen in the parametrial uneven echoic mass. A yolk cyst‐like echo is seen in the dark area without a heartbeat"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007612,CT scan of abdomen and pelvis; red arrow points to air in portal venous vasculature.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007613,Postoperative X-ray shows the medial fracture trans-sternoclavicular locking plate fixation and lateral fracture hook plate fixation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007614,Preoperative chest computed tomography finding. The chest tube protruding into the left lower lobe. The tip of the chest tube is placed near the left main bronchus and pulmonary artery (arrow). Multiple pyothoracic cavities are present (arrowhead).PA: pulmonary artery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007615,"Chest radiograph finding after surgery. The chest tube intruding into the left lung parenchyma was successfully removed, and pyothoracic cavities were decorticated."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007616,Preoperative CBCT scan (axial section) showing mixed lesion with well-defined borders (arrow)CBCT: cone-beam computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007617, Hepatomegaly and decreasing ascites after fetal transfusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007618,"MRI orbits MRI orbits reveal mild inflammatory changes of the left conjunctiva, anterior chamber, anterolateral sclera, left lacrimal gland, and paranasal sinuses."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007619,Modified two-chamber view showing a 22 × 15 mm pedunculated thrombus in the inferior apical segment of the left ventricle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007620,Axial T1 demonstrating signal intensity at insular cortices bilaterally (yellow arrows) along with bilateral parietal cephalohematomas (purple arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007621,"T1 coronal sequence demonstrating cortical highlighting at the insular cortices bilaterally (yellow arrows), suggestive of neonatal HIE. Bilateral parietal cephalohematomas were also appreciated (purple arrows).HIE: hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007622,Chest X-ray showed cardiomegaly with perihilar hilar vascular congestion (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007623,"TTE showing left ventricular hypertrophy, right ventricular enlargement, and severe left atrial dilation.Abbreviation: LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; RV, right ventricle; TTE, transthoracic echocardiogram."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007624,Axial T1 contrast gadolinium-enhanced image of brain secondary lesions
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007625,CT examination revealed no local tumoral recurrence or adenopathies.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007626,"Twenty-four hours after admission, lung computed tomography showed increased lung markings."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007627,Longitudinal scan of the hip joint of a 5-year-old girl. Between the arrowheads—hyaline cartilage of the femoral head; arrow—level of the growth plate of the femoral head; asterisk—the labrum. Linear probe 3–12 MHz.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007628,"A case of OCD in a 15-year-old boy. Cross-section at the level of the medial femoral condyle (MFC); arrow—break in the subchondral bone at the edge of the OCD lesion; arrowheads—subchondral bone in the OCD zone; asterisks—swollen cartilage in the OCD zone; empty stars—cartilage covering the healthy part of the MFC, also with symptoms of slight swelling (increased echogenicity and slightly increased thickness); PAT—patella. Linear probe 7–18 MHz."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007629,Echocardiogram on 7-week follow-up—resolution of pericardial effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007630,Sagittal section of cervical MRI with STIR sequence showing PLC disruption
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007631,"The “yin-yang” sign. Doppler ultrasound demonstrates the “yin-yang” sign, which indicates bidirectional flow due to blood swirling within the aneurysmal sac."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007632,CT showed 3 smaller lung nodules (red arrows) were found surrounding the lower polar of the main lesion (white arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007633,X-ray of the head of the patient at admission.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007634,"CBCT sagittal section confirmed that it is a type II DI, showing a wide radiolucent periapical image measuring 25.82 mm × 23.39 mm communicating with the nasal cavity."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007635,CBCT axial section showing the rupture of the internal and external bony cortices caused by the extension of the periapical lesion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007636,Tumor thrombus extending to the right subclavian vein and jugular vein spillage was detected within the vena cava superior lumen in computed tomography scan.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007637,Right pleural effusion and a mass lesion filling all mediastinum and enveloping the trachea and bronchi in thoracic computed tomography scan.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007638,Endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation (EPLBD) was performed with a balloon size of 13 mm
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007639,Image from a MRgFUS treatment of a small osteoid osteoma of the femoral neck (arrow); the transducer (*) lies on the patient’s skin and produces and focuses the ultrasound beam.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007640,X-ray film showing multiple air-filled structures occupying the left hemithorax (black arrow). The mediastinum is shifted to the right (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007641,Localization of the supraclavicular lymph nodes (blue) with uptake of radiocolloids with regard to the European Society for Radiation Therapy and Oncology contours (green) and the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group contours (yellow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007642,PA chest radiograph: mildly enlarged left atrial sillouhette (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007643,Contrast-enhanced axial CTA image: aneurysmal dilation of the LCX CAF measures up to 26 mm (ruler measurement).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007644,Intraoperative X-ray showing properly placed iliac bone graft after C3 corpectomy and fusion C2–C4 with plate and screws with correction of the kyphotic deformity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007645,"Echocardiography showed anterior, septal, apical and anterolateral wall hypokinesia."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007646,"Two ovarian cysts shown by ultrasonography. Diameter of cyst (1 and 2), diameter of second cyst (3) and full layers diameter (4)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007647,Axial diffusion-weighted image showing acute infarction in the right lentiform nucleus (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007648,Enhanced abdominal CT scan five days after initial CT scan and first intervention showing increased amount of free pelvic fluid.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007649,"Brain MRI with IV Contrast, Trigeminal Nerve EnhancementT1 thin slice section of brain MRI with IV gadoterate meglumine showing nonspecific enhancement involving the cisternal segment of the right trigeminal nerve extending into Meckel's cave.MRI: magnetic resonance imaging."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007650,Example of transverse computed tomography images at 3rd lumbar vertebra. a: skeletal muscles area (between green and purple lines) b: abdominal perimeter (red line).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007651,The mediastinal window on chest CT showed a tiny nodule close to the diaphragm
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007652,Ultrasound image 24 hours after block.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007653,"Selected image from DSA demonstrated a high flow aneurysmal AVF at right renal hilum. The fistula (white arrow) measures 7.34 mm and connects an aneurysmally dilated anterior division of right renal artery (white arrowhead) with the superior venous varix (black arrowhead). The IVC (black arrow) was dilated and opacified early, with impaired renal parenchymal staining, indicating rapid high flow arteriovenous shunting"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007654,"Plain film of the abdomen (kidney, ureter, and bladder film) before removal of the ureteral stent."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007655," Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (T2-weighted imaging sequence) control performed in 2015, midsagittal plane. Note the slight increase in tumor mass over the 5 years following the initial surgery. Neoplastic expansion is accommodated by bony decompression and duraplasty."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007656,Chest X-ray findings.A single anteroposterior portable chest X-ray was obtained. No acute intrathoracic processes were observed.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007657,Echocardiogram showing the absence of a thrombus after anticoagulation treatment.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007658,Post‐operative head CT scan showing the correct placement of the cranioplasty
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007659,"Typical blush in lung contusion. Arrows indicate extravasation of contrast media in the lung contusion, which is defined as blush."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007660,Chest Xray demonstrating pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema in the neck.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007661,"MRI showed talonavicular (TN) arthritis and calcaneal cuboid arthritis in a stage IV M-Weiss disease (MWD). Bone edema was observed in the navicular, talus head, calcaneous, and cuboid bone."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007662,Endoscopic appearance at endoscopic ultrasound of a pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm located at the tail of the pancreas during fine needle aspiration/biopsy procedure.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007663, Case 1. Contrast-enhanced abdominal CT scan This shows a retroperitoneal adipocytic mass displacing the right colon and kidney to the left (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007664,"Case 2. Contrast-enhanced abdominal CT scan. This shows a heterogeneous mass on the posterior wall of the antrum, part of the stomach (the white cross inside the tumor is to show the borders of the tumor because it is heterogeneous)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007665,Case 2. Contrast-enhanced abdominal CT scan. The white arrow points to a homogenous mass on the posterior wall of the stomach.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007666,Coronal sections of abdominal CT images revealed a mass of the abdominal wall invading the colon (yellow circle).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007667,"Native thoraco-pulmonary CT of the patient, revealing a viral SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia with a degree of damage around 50–60% and with unsystematized central and peripheral pulmonary infiltrates and ground-glass opacities."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007668,"Axial fat-saturated proton density-weighted MR image at the level of the maximum mediolateral diameter of the femoral epicondyles. The middle plane (middle arrow) connects the medial and lateral femoral epicondyles. The anterior and posterior planes (anterior and posterior arrow, respectively) are drawn half way between the middle plane and a line tangent to the anterior and posterior femoral cortical margins, respectively."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007669,"MRI brain with contrast, T1-weighted image showing 1.5 cm left frontal lobe lesion"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007670,"MRI brain with contrast, T1-weighted image showing 2.0 cm and 1.7 cm lesions within the right cerebellar hemisphere"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007671,"Conjoined twins, longitudinal plane; extent of ventral union: thorax."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007672,"Computed tomography scan before atezolizumab treatment initiation (January 17, 2018): aorto-caval retroperitoneal lymph node—the target lesion (25 mm × 18 mm)—green arrow"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007673,Echocardiogram showing mild pericardial effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007674,Computed tomography scans of the head (March 2021) reveal no abnormalities.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007675,"Computed tomography scan of the abdomen in the axial plane showing a gallbladder fossa collection (green marks), retroperitoneal, perihepatic, and perisplenic haematomas (yellow stars)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007676,"Panoramic X-ray of a bar-retained superstructure on six implants in the augmented maxilla (test: left side, control: right side)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007677,CT scan performed 2 days after the first admission to the Emergency Department (ED). The arrow points at remaining FIA along the ascending colon/right flexure.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007678,"CT scan performed 3 months after the first admission to the ED. The arrow points at increased FIA and air bubbles in the colonic wall as signs of Pneumatosis cystoides Intestinalis, PCI."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007679,Axial CT scan demonstrating ring enhancing subcarinal mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007680,"Prenatal ultrasound, sagittal scan, or long-axis view of the aorta shows a small aorta arch (tubular hypoplasia) connecting to the descending aorta with shelf appearance. (AAo: ascending aorta; i-AoA: isthmic aortic arch; t-AoA: transverse aortic arch; DAo: descending aorta)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007681,"Initial abdominal US; abdominal US demonstrating hypoechoic, peri-pancreatic mass between stomach and pancreas (white box)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007682,Transthoracic echocardiogram. Modified four-chamber view showing the gigantic RAAA ten years later.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007683,Transthoracic echocardiogram ten years later. Modified subcostal view showing the gigantic RAAA and the RA (estimated surface or RAAA + RA = 25 cm2).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007684,Case 11. Echocardiography shows a hypermobile clot in the LV (1.5 × 1.5 cm)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007685,Non-contrast Coronal Computed Tomography Sinus. Mucosal thickening is present in the maxillary sinuses bilaterally without evidence of orbital or intracranial extension. Radiological findings correlate with clinical findings of acute sinusitis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007686,"CT neck with contrast of an irregular, peripherally enhancing mass within the left sublingual (blue arrow) and submandibular space (red arrow) measuring up to 4.7 cm. CT: computed tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007687,"Schematic diagram of ultrasound guided thoracic paravertebral block. TP, transverse process."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007688,"X-ray imaging reveals extensive periosteal reaction across the mid to distal tibia, which is suspicious for osteomyelitis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007689,Measurement of the diameter of the posterior superior alveolar artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007690," Bilateral thickened cranial nerve V (red arrows).MRI of the patient courtesy of Dr. Marc Swerdloff, August 2021."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007691,Completion angiography after TEVAR.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007692,"B-scan of malignant lymph node in neck level II of the left side, short axis diameter (2) of 1.80 cm, Solbiati-Index 1.98, necrotic areas, absence of hilum sign."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007693,"Marked improvement in centrilobular nodularity, with residual seen at the right upper and middle lobes"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007694,"Sagittal gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted MRI showing the size and classic location of OGM. OGM, olfactory groove meningioma."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007695," Thoracic computed tomography scan, 15 November 2020. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007696,HCRT of chest for showing mosaic attenuation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007697,HRCT of chest showing centrilobular nodules.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007698,Ultrasound scan of a 22 weeks fetus with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita showing extended right upper extremity with fixed joints: elbow in extensions and wrist in flexion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007699,Head CT scan showing a right temporo-parietal hypodense area with suspicion of a cerebral venous thrombosis with no signs of intracranial hypertension.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007700,"Cervical CT (computed tomography) scan in axial section shows a 11 mm air image located in the right posterolateral tracheal wall, at the thoracic inlet. It communicates with the tracheal lumen"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007701,"US thyroid. This demonstrates a large solid hypoechoic nodule in the right thyroid lobe (blue arrow) with likely extra-capsular extension measuring 32 × 22 × 41 mm3 in dimension, graded a U5 thyroid nodule. An fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was subsequently performed."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007702,Patient’s accessory navicular bone (Arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007703,"Abdominal CT with oral and IV contrast, axial view; tumoral mass and intussusception (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007704,"MRI of a human insula. The anatomy of the insula can be viewed on this sagittal slice. The insula is classically divided into the anterior insula and the posterior insula, which are separated by the central insular sulcus. IG: insular gyrus."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007705,MRI showed a thickening of the medial plica protruding far into the medial patellofemoral joint (PFJ).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007706,CT showed that the ileocecal intestinal wall was thickened.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007707,Repeat RUQ US redemonstrating distended gallbladder filled with echogenic material and a now thickened gallbladder wall measuring 0.4 cm.RUQ: right upper quadrant
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007708," CT imaging findings. CT, computed tomography "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007709,"GRADE 1. A case of 46 years old female with pelvic inflammatory disease, less than 5 vascular spots (orange color) in the image of cervix. (Cx: Cervix)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007710,Coronal section of CEMRI PNS showing frontal sinuses with retained secretions
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007711,MRI axial section showing marked mucosal thickening of the right maxillary sinus
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007712,Computed tomography (CT) of chest depicting left upper lobe peripheral necrotizing lesion (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007713,"A coronal section of abdomen computed tomography with intravenous contrast demonstrating a rim enhancing hypodense amorphous lesion in mesentery. This lesion is contiguous with the inferior aspect of the greater curvature of the stomach as well as a loop of bowel. Also surrounding the lesion, an extensive fat stranding was noted (orange arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007714,Rx periapical before peri-implant therapy: infra-bony defect around the distal implant.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007715,Magnetic resonance imaging showing a right adrenal adenoma with a size of 19 mm × 25 mm × 22 mm (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007716,CT scan axial view showing conforming military tuberculosis with numerous 1–3 mm punctuate nodules.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007717,MRI of the lumbar spine revealing osteomyelitis at the L4-L5 level.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007718,Axial CT section of the chest showing consolidation in a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007719,Axial CT section of the chest showing the “crazy-paving” appearance of ground-glass opacities with intralobular septal thickening in a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007720,Digital radiograph of the chest showing successful maintenance of reduction of the left sternoclavicular joint.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007721,"Pericardial effusion and tamponade following epicardial lead placement. Transthoracic echocardiogram in parasternal long axis demonstrates circumferential pericardial effusion (top and bottom arrows) and right ventricular collapse (middle arrow) in early diastole. LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007722,Target lesions at baseline. Target lesions at the vaginal stump and in front of rectum was 44 mm in longest diameter at baseline (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007723,Non-target lesions at baseline. Multiple lymph nodes below 8 mm in the internal iliac vessel region were observed for non-target lesions at baseline (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007724,Neck CT angiogram shows coronal maximal intensity projection. Note the irregular beaded narrowing of the mid to distal cervical right ICA consistent with fibromuscular dysplasia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007725,Panoramic radiograph of a 73-year-old woman. An oroantral communication can be noted in the upper right quadrant in the right maxillary first molar extraction site (white arrow). Note the discontinuity of the maxillary sinus floor.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007726,Lateral image showing the dilator and internal retraction guide placed over the guide pin and seated within the sacroiliac joint.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007727,"Patient aged 15 years and 9 months with a right thoracic AIS producing thoracic translocation and listing of the trunk to the right, as well as a lordotic thoracic spine causing spinal penetration into the chest, partial bronchial obstruction and right lower lobe atelectasis (A,B). The patient underwent posterior scoliosis correction using the HS technique which restored segmental and global coronal/sagittal spinal balance at latest follow-up (age 19 years and 2 months) into adult life (C,D). Clinical photographs demonstrate excellent correction of the coronal deformity and associated rib hump after scoliosis surgery (E–H)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007728,EUS-guided gastro-jejunostomy by lumen-apposing metal stent (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007729,"A 59-year-old male with gas within the gallbladder lumen. A nonenhanced CT showed gas (arrow) within the gallbladder lumen. The patient underwent PC on the same day, and the bile was purulent"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007730,Chest CT demonstrated bilateral ground-glass infiltrates
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007731,Sagittal image of abdominal CT angiography demonstrating dissection of the superior mesenteric artery (arrow)CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007732,Preoperative radiograph showing the impacted mandibular left third molar.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007733,Location of IPE proximal to the superior pubic ramus osteotomy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007734,Shows pulmonary venography. No specific finding is observed
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007735,Preoperative lateral radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007736,Preoperative anteroposterior radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007737,Postoperative anteroposterior radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007738,Cystography 2 months after operation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007739," Computed tomography scan image showing acute necrotizing pancreatitis involving the body and tail of the pancreas (green arrow), with acute peripancreatic fluid collections (white arrow). "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007740, Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography image showing the dilated common bile duct (white arrow) with several filling defects consistent with gallstones. The main pancreatic duct (green arrow) is depicted as well.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007741, Cholangiogram through the T tube showing the out of the ordinary source of bile into the walled off necrosis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007742,Broken drill bit
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007743,Retrieving the broken drill bit
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007744,"Normal MRI scan of the patient with antipsychotic-induced psychomotor seizures. MRI, magnetic resonance imaging."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007745,Pre-operative CT scan sagittal view.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007746,Computed tomography of head showing multiple foci of intraparenchymal air (red arrows) suggestive of air emboli.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007747,Abdominal computed tomography image showing the bilateral adrenal masses (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007748,Coronal CT (urographic phase) demonstrating filling defect left upper pole.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007749,Chest X-ray showing reticular densities with patchy alveolar opacities in the left lung base/retro cardiac region (suggesting developing pneumonia)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007750,Axial lung window allows for visualization of bowel wall pneumatosis (green arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007751,Axial lung window demonstrating very subtle mesenteric vein air (green arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007752,A prostate tumor on the right lateral peripheral zone with a Gleason score of 4+3 is given. Axial T2 weigheted image shows the dominant tumor foci verified with pathology. Pathological analyses revealed p-RD = 1.7 mm and p-LCC = 25.0 mm while the radiologists respectively report MR-LCC1 = 24.8 mm and MR-LCC2 = 24.0 mm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007753,Coronal MRI view of the orbits.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007754,Above pregnancy show bulky with homogeneous myometrium and endometrium appears thickened with no evidence of any intrauterine gestation sac or pseudo sac.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007755,Resection of the volar beak at the base of the thumb metacarpal.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007756,Detailed ultrasound imaging assessment of the right gastrocnemius muscle showing a collection of small hyperechoic (hypoperfused) “TrP speckles” within the contracture knot.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007757,Ultrasound imaging assessment of the left upper trapezius muscle showing a palpable contracture knot as a hypoechoic (hyperperfused) area.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007758,Recheck echocardiogram. Right parasternal long-axis view. The previously noted endocarditis lesion has reduced in size with a small hyperechoic region noted at the basilar septum (*) and hyperechoic lesion on the septal leaflet of the mitral valve (>). There is also progressive left atrial (LA) enlargement
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007759,Ultrasonographic image of the left testicle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007760,"Ultrasonographic image of the left paratesticular lesion.Arrow indicating the paratesticular lesion, measuring (1) L 3,21 x (2) H 2,27.Doppler ultrasound measurements indicating blood supply of the lesion: - Red: Arteries - Blue: Veins "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007761,The follow-up of ONSD after 48hs of surgical interventions of the previous patient is shown in Figure 1 (4.86 mm).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007762,An axial enhanced CT showing: a. Dilated small bowel up stream to the transition point. b. Acute transition point caused by a fat density band indenting the bowel. c. Non-dilated but edematous small bowel downstream to the transition point. This was initially misinterpreted as recurrent Crohns but was re-reported as congestion and edema downstream to the fibrofatty band obstruction.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007763,"Integrity of the internal and external anal sphincters. Three fistulas identified, all with setons in place: transphincteric fistula at the anterior quadrant at 12 o’clock, right quadrant at 9 o’clock and posterior quadrant at 7 o’clock."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007764,High-resolution CT (HRCT) scan of the chest with a coronal view of the patient with ground glass opacities bilaterally as shown by arrows with a CT severity score of 31/40
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007765,The patient’s chest X-ray showing widened mediastinum. Formal read: large curvilinear soft tissue mass. Convex outward into the right upper lobe arising from the mediastinum. Vascular etiology is considered. Small right pleural effusion. CT is recommended if this is not a known finding from previous studies
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007766,"CT abdomen and pelvis with contrast, axial plane showing diffuse colonic wall thickening"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007767,CXR upon admission.CXR shows lungs with bilateral interstitial infiltrates more extensive on the right (blue arrow) concerning for atypical pneumonia and pneumonitis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007768,An ultrasonographic image of the gallbladder showed wall thickening with multiple gallstones in the lumen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007769,Chest computer tomography imaging. Bilateral multiple consolidations and ground glass opacities suggesting severe pneumonia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007770,A sufficient amount of dorsal space for the spinal cord could be achieved with a lesser extent of bone removal by shallowing the approach angle (dotted line arrow) for C7 dome-like laminectomy. The shallowing of the approach angle could be facilitated by resection or splitting of the C6 spinous process which makes the approach angle steeper (solid line arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007771,Postoperative noncontrast CT showing erosion of right petrous bone at the site of attachment of tumor.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007772,Chest x-ray showing no evidence of any infectious origin or pleural effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007773,Axial magnetic resonance image illustrating poor enhancement areas within both corpora cavernosa as a result of necrosis and early fibrosis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007774,CT chest showing right basilar opacities.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007775,"CT scan performed in April 2021, i.e., 6 years and 8 months after stopping somatostatin analog treatment, showing no lesions of the pancreas"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007776,"Cephalometric reference planes and measurements. Yellow, vertical reference line (vert T); Blue, (a) S-N (b) U1-SN (c) mandibular plane (d) IMPA; Red, (1) U1 apex (2) L1 tip (3) U1 tip (4) L1 apex. Incisal movements were quantified by measuring the horizontal distance from incisor tip and apex to vert T, which is Nasion perpendicular line."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007777,"Chest computed tomography reveals the thickened and calcified pericardium (yellow allow), mechanical valve (blue allow), and bilateral pleural effusion [Colour figure can be viewed at ]"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007778,Initial axial pre-contrast T1-weighted MRIThe image is demonstrating inflammatory changes in the right posterior orbital apex (yellow arrow) consistent with Tolosa-Hunt syndrome.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007779,Initial coronal contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI The image is demonstrating enhancement of the right cavernous sinus extending into the right orbital apex (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007780,Three-month follow-up axial contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRIThe image is showing markedly decreased inflammation of the right posterior orbital apex and right cavernous sinus (yellow arrows) after treatment with prednisone 60 mg.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007781,CECT chest and abdomen.Legend: Arrow showing pleural effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007782,"An AP view of a displaced left proximal humerus fracture fixed with a locked plate. The screws in the humeral head are heading towards a convex articular surface, so many more (and technically infinite) views are needed in addition to simple orthogonal views to ensure all the proximal screws are subarticular"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007783,"Balanced patient: PI of 35° and LL of 44°, with an adequate relationship between these (35–44 = –9°) and a neutral SVA with a TPA of 2°, without compensatory mechanisms, PT = 2° and SS = 33° (35° = 2° + 33°).Note. PI, pelvic incidence; LL, lumbar lordosis; SVA, sacral vertical axis; TPA, T1-pelvic angle; PT, pelvic tilt."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007784,Abdominal x-ray showing a radio-opaque collection of secretions in the gallbladder.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007785,"Coronal contrast-enhanced CT after thrombolysis and rheolytic thrombectomy. Although improvement is seen at the portosplenic confluence (black arrow), a large clot burden remains (white arrows). A transhepatic vascular sheath and thrombolysis catheter are partially visualized. Mesenteric edema (*) is also noted"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007786,Rotational malunion of a supracondylar humerus fracture. Malunion was present when there was a difference in width of > 5 mm between the capitellum and the metaphysis proximal to the fracture.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007787,A posteroanterior (PA) chest X-ray showing a near-complete opacification of the right hemithorax with displacement of the mediastinum towards the left.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007788,Chest X-ray showing mediastinal metallic density (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007789,"GGO and grid shadows could be seen under the pleura of bilateral lungs and around the bronchial vascular bundles, which were consistent with NSIP. GGO = ground-glassopacities, NSIP = nonspecific interstitial pneumonia."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007790,"GGO and large solid shadows could be seen in bronchovascular bundles of both lungs, which were consistent with OP. GGO = ground-glassopacities, OP = organizing pneumonia."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007791,T2-weighted fat-suppressed MRI sequence in the coronal plane demonstrating a fistulous tract between openings in the left groin and the perineum (arrows). The perineal end of the tract demonstrates a component extending medially towards the rectum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007792,TEE showing mild RV/RA dilatation (arrows)TEE: transesophageal echocardiography; RV: right ventricle; RA: right atrium
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007793,Preoperative X-ray showing right-sided AVN (arrow)AVN: avascular necrosis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007794,Axial MRI view demonstrating volar and dorsal extension of the fatty lesion from the middle of the palm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007795,CT head venogram: arrow showing new filling defect in the left sigmoid sinus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007796,Ultrasound image of a triple negative breast cancer showing posterior echo enhancement as shown by the arrow heads
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007797,The coronal image shows the ruptured adhesion cord in the right pleural apex (red arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007798,"Supine examination of a male patient showed increased gallbladder volume, interrupted continuity of the gallbladder wall, perforation (straight arrows), uneven thickening of the gallbladder wall with mucosal layer abscission (swan-tail arrows), cholestasis (pentagonal star), and effusion around the gallbladder (curved arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007799,Image of L4–S1 with ultrasonic long-axis scanning
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007800,"Measuring muscle length using radiologic images. The length of the multifidus muscle was measured from the cranial dorsal edge of the mamillary process of caudal vertebra to the caudal dorsal edge of the spinous process of cranial vertebra, in lateral view."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007801,"CT of the chest in lung window. Irregular and spiculated mass located at the right superior lobe, highly suspicious of malignancy."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007802,Pelvic computed tomography image showing fluid retention in the posterior part of the prostate.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007803,Chest radiograph on admission to ICU
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007804,Abdominal CT on admission showed acute pancreatitis with peripancreatic exudation (red arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007805,MRI abdomen in the axial view showing a normal left adrenal gland
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007806,"Subcortical structures of interest in mid-coronal view. Hippocampus depicted in yellow, amygdala depicted in turquoise, and thalamus depicted in green."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007807,"Chest x-ray: bilateral, diffused interstitial opacities in lower lobes, especially by the left side"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007808,"Parasternal long-axis view, with no vegetation on the aortic valve."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007809,"Skin. Multiple adjacent cystic formations varying in size, with a maximum diameter of 8.60 mm, are present involving different parts of dog's body. Ultrasonography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007810,Intraoperative cholangiogram showing normal biliary ductal anatomy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007811,"Axial chest computed tomography (CT) (lung window setting) showing 8.5 cm mass shadow in the left lower lobe, and many flat nodules along with the left pleura."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007812,"MRI right tibia‐fibula, coronal image, showing infiltrative enhancing lesion involving the distal tibia with satellite lesions suggested throughout the remainder of the tibia and central portion of the talus"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007813,EOS imaging. PI: pelvic indigence; SS: sacral slope; PT: pelvic tilt; SVA: sagittal vertical axis; CAM: center of the acoustic meatus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007814,Initial presentation on chest x-ray showing asymmetric left lung area of consolidation with small left effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007815,Left foot X‐ray post‐operation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007816,Right foot X‐ray presentation post‐operation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007817,Panoramic radiograph showing mild bony changes (yellow arrow) in the right condyle
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007818,"T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the maxillary sinuses of a patient with mucormycosis after coronavirus disease, Pune, India, shows hypointense mucosal thickening bilaterally, more on the left side than the right. Near-complete occlusion of the sinus cavities and obliteration of left osteomeatal unit are seen. There is a mild deviation of the nasal septum with convexity toward the right side. There is mild soft tissue edema with altered signal abnormality involving the left pterygopalatine fossa extending to the left masticator space. L, left; R, right."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007819,Abdominal x-ray demonstrating gastric distension.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007820,Coronal water-only Dixon T2-weighted magnetic resonance image in a 14-year-old girl with an area of high signal intensity with the same width on both sides of the physis scored as focal periphyseal edema (FOPE) (arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007821,Coronal T2-weighted MRI of small bowel after 72 hours of symptom onset.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007822,Ultrasound - transverse view.Arrows pointing to the cystic spaces.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007823,A point of maximal anterior femoral head translation was localised by scanning medial to lateral to identify the highest point of the femoral head in relation to the acetabulum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007824,"Real-time ultrasound views for needle. PC indicate the posterior complexes. The arrow and open arrow indicate the epidural needle and the needle tip, respectively. PC: posterior complex, SP: spinous process, L: laminae."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007825,Panoramic radiograph taken immediately postoperatively in the 22-year-old patient. The image shows good reduction of the subcondyle fracture.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007826,Right axillary artery pre-intervention
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007827,Left axillary artery follow-up
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007828,Chest X-ray on discharge day after SSRF (11 December 2021).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007829,Chest X-ray after applying a 10 FR drainage thoracic catheter into the submuscular layer (11 March 2022).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007830,Disappeared submuscular pneumothorax (16 March 2022).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007831,X-Ray Left Elbow (AP View) identifies an ill defined osteophytic lesion in the lateral epicondyle with loss of joint architecture and associated soft tissue swelling
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007832,MRI Pelvis (Coronal View) confirming Zinner Syndrome Note that there is no local lymphadenopathy or bony metastasis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007833,MRI Abdomen and Pelvis (Coronal View): Coronal view reveals a large simple seminal vesicle cyst with complex features
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007834,Color Doppler echocardiography shows left ventricular apical aneurysm formation and left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007835,Left ventricular angiography using a pigtail catheter shows ventricular aneurysm formation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007836,"The bones and joints of the wrist. Numerals 1 to 5 display the most common described locations of chondral injuries in the wrist (S = Scaphoid, L = Lunate, Tq = Triquete, P = Pisiforme, Tm = Trapezium, Td = Trapezoid, C = Capitate, H = Hamate)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007837,“Swiss-cheese” or “Moth-eaten” appearance of the placenta.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007838,CT thorax abdomen and pelvis showing prostate cancer (blue arrow) with liver metastases (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007839,Radiographic AP view of the pelvis illustrating location of PSIS. Note the PSIS position in relation to the needle entrance point (∗) when utilizing FCO technique.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007840,Lateral view of FCO needle placement (large arrow) with arthrogram enhancement (small arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007841,Sagittal gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates a partially empty sella (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007842,Postoperative chest X-ray.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007843,Axial lumbar MRI showing a tiny Tarlov cyst on the right side indicated by an arrow.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007844,Axial pelvic MRI showing a large uterine fibroid measuring approximately 120 x 100 mm. Structures (sciatic nerve) in between the fibroid and piriformis muscle on the left side appear compressed compared to the right side.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007845, Enhanced chest computed tomography scan at the beginning of the disease. The arrow points to the tumor.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007846,Orthopantomogram showing generalized alveolar bone loss
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007847," Contrast enhanced tomography scan image demonstrating a large enhancing heterogeneous mass in the left lobe of the liver (white arrow), surrounding normal the liver tissue (blue arrow). "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007848,"Bicaval transesophageal echocardiogram view. Right atrial appendage thrombus is noted by the yellow circle. LA, left atrium; RA, right atrium; IVC, inferior vena cava; SVC, superior vena cava."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007849,Case 1—Anteroposterior X-ray of the shoulder showing calcification in the supraspinatus area (denoted by broken white arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007850,Abdominal computed tomography showing a normal image of the pancreas.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007851,Acute appendicitis (arrow) can be observed.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007852,Lateral x-ray at three-month follow-up revealed complete fracture healing (red arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007853,Radiograph of the neonate’s chest and abdomen showing generalized edema and tense distended abdomen with a mount of ascites.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007854,"The voiding cystourethrogram showed the obstruction and the proximal dilation of the urethra without vesicoureteral reflux, and a large amount of residual contrast solution in the bladder after voiding. The arrow points to the circular defect of the anterior urethra."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007855,Appearance of a cholangiocellular carcinoma in the simulation sequence at the MR-Linac. Red arrow signs to the hypo-intense tumor region
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007856,Abdominal ultrasound showing an enlargement of the portal vein trunk and parietal irregularities due to partial thrombosis (yellow arrow) and periportal hyper echogenicity compatible with periportal fibrosis (blue arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007857,"MLO view from screening mammogram 16 years prior to presentation.There is a focal asymmetry in the central inner right breast at posterior depth. This focal asymmetry was biopsied, and pathology revealed stage IA estrogen receptor-positive/progesterone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (ER+/PR+/HER2-) invasive ductal carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).MLO: mediolateral oblique"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007858,"CC view from screening mammogram 13 years after original diagnosis.There are post-treatment changes in the central inner right breast at posterior depth, which were stable for many years.CC: craniocaudal"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007859,Spot compression diagnostic mammogram (MLO view) at the time of presentation.New increasing density at scar site persists on spot compression view.MLO: mediolateral oblique
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007860,"Maximum intensity projection (MIP) MRI image.Corresponding to the mammographic and ultrasound findings at the site of the surgical scar, there is an enhancing mass in the central inner right breast at posterior depth (white arrow) with pectoralis muscle invasion (yellow arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007861,A CT abdomen and pelvis scan showing a wide neck fistula.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007862,"Microcatheter PositionStraight anteroposterior projection, demonstrating the Echelon 10 microcatheter position after it was advanced retrograde through the venovenous collateral."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007863,"Final ResultStraight anteroposterior projection of a hand injection in the left lower pulmonary vein, after recanalization of the atretic branch, demonstrating continuity into the left atrium."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007864,Standard axial views were obtained using 2- to 4-mm cuts through each disc level perpendicular to the standard sagittal cuts at each vertebral junction.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007865,Identification of pseudoaneurysm and wiring.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007866,A representative image of adrenal glands with computed tomography. The axial un-enhanced computed tomography performed at time 0 shows enlarged and ill-defined adrenal glands and fluid film with a mean density of 50 Hounsfield Unit.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007867,A representative image of adrenal glands with magnetic resonance imaging. The marked hypointensity signal confirmed the presence of adrenal hemorrhage.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007868,Nonobstetric pelvic ultrasound showing 1 cm hyperechoic left ovarian lesion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007869,Cervical spine X-ray demonstrating polyether ether ketone (PEEK) interbody after a C5–C6 anterior cervical discectomy and fusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007870,Abdominal CT image. CT image demonstrating massive tumor recurrence in the liver after surgical resection of primary tumor and prior to initiation of temsirolimus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007871,Post-operative image. Post-operative anteroposterior radiograph. Conversion of left side hip fusion to THA was successfully completed.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007872,DSA lateral view showing an aneurysm of the right ICA (red arrow) along with the site of the aneurysmal rupture (green arrow).DSA: digital subtraction angiogram; ICA: internal carotid artery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007873,The final post-procedure angiogram demonstrating adequate perfusion of the right cerebral hemisphere from the left-sided cerebral vasculature.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007874,DSA showing a large wide-necked aneurysm of the left ICA.DSA: digital subtraction angiogram; ICA: internal carotid artery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007875,Computed tomography angiography (axial view) more clearly demonstrated that part of the coil was extruded into the junction of the main and right pulmonary arteries. A anterior; AsAo ascending aorta; C coil; DsAo descending aorta; L left; LPA left pulmonary artery; MPA main pulmonary artery; P posterior; R right; RPA right pulmonary artery; RV right ventricle; SVC superior vena cava; V vertebra
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007876,Sagittal image of merged 3-dimentional chest computed tomography with transparency and 3-dimentional volume rendering of metallic coil also more clearly showed that part of the coil was extruded into the junction of the main and right pulmonary arteries. A anterior; AsAo ascending aorta; C coil; DsAo descending aorta; ECG electrocardiography; I inferior; LA left atrium; LPA left pulmonary artery; LV left ventricle; MPA main pulmonary artery; P posterior; R right pulmonary artery; RV right ventricle; S superior
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007877,"T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) image (axial view) showing bilateral expanded optic sheaths (normal range 5.17±1.34 mm to 3.55±0.82 mm) with optic nerve tortuosity (cyan arrow) and posterior globe flattening (magenta arrow), more prominent in the left eye"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007878,T1 (sagittal view) showing low-lying cerebellar tonsils (green arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007879,Chest radiograph showing multiple tubular opacities.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007880,Chest CT showing some high-density intracavitary cement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007881,Abdominal X-ray showed intestinal obstruction.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007882,Preoperative anteroposterior X-ray of the left shoulder showing proximal humerus fracture with the humeral head sheared off and displaced medially in the region of the first rib and medial clavicle. Comminuted fragments are noted around the proximal humeral metaphysis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007883,Preoperative CT scan of the chest with contrast confirms 4-part fracture of the proximal humerus with sheared off humeral head displaced posterior to the medial left clavicle above the first rib. The left subclavian vein is attenuated.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007884,"Coronal section of the abdominal CT scan performed on admission, showing abscesses in the psoas (orange arrow) and quadratus lumborum (yellow arrow) muscles, and local cellulitis adjacent to the latter (ellipse)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007885,"The UT (uterine) cavity was separated, and a small amount of fluid was seen in the uterine cavity at approximately 4 mL."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007886,Shows a single lower extremity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007887,Patient's CT pulmonary angiogram. Red arrow: clot in the left pulmonary artery. 
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007888,"Axial CT scan without contrast at the level of the maxillary sinus in soft tissue window depicting the erosive, right sided nasal mass arising from the cartilaginous septum (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007889,Coronal magnetic resonance image of the right shoulder.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007890,Dilation using a 12 × 80 mm balloon at the point of biliary-enteric stricture.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007891,Pelvic XRays was performed (Figure 1) showing an osteolytic lesion of the right ischio pubic ramus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007892,"Coronal reconstruction with the bone algorithm of a left lateral orbito-zygomatic fracture. Coexistence of fracture of the orbital floor and the lateral wall (white arrows), fracture of the lateral wall of the left maxillary sinus (empty arrow), and fracture of the zygomatic arch, with medial intraorbital displacement. Presence of intraorbital emphysema (arrowhead) and hemosinus (asterisk)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007893,"Axial CT acquisition showing a left hyphema, visible as a hyperdense (hemorrhagic) focal component in the anterior chamber, anterior to the lens (white arrow). The content of the contralateral chamber is homogeneous and hypodense (empty arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007894,Axial CT acquisition of a retrobulbar hemorrhage visible as a retrobulbar inhomogeneous hyperdensity (white arrow). Diffuse thickening of the left palpebral subcutaneous soft tissues
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007895,"Coronal reconstruction showing the presence of retrobulbar emphysema due to a fracture of the right lamina papyracea, visible as air within the upper right orbit, that mimics the appearance of an eyebrow (asterisk). This is an important indirect sign of orbital bone fracture [42]"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007896,COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine-associated Myocarditis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007897,Postoperative posteroanterior chest X-ray showing sternal fixation bars placed between opposing ribs.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007898, Bedside chest X-ray result after the patient had been transferred to the urosurgery ward. No evidence of pneumothorax or lib injury was found after the lung dilation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007899,hepatic CT finding.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007900,Pelvis radiograph with both hips' bipolar prosthesis in situ
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007901,Chest radiography showing diffuse multifocal nodular opacities
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007902,Transthoracic echocardiogram showing elevated systolic left ventricle internal dimension with left ventricular dilation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007903,"High-resolution computed tomography scan (HRCT) axial cut shows a 12 × 13 mm foreign body, about 19 mm distal to carina lodged in the left main bronchus"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007904,Coronal view of abdominal computed tomography. Residual gallstone in the gall bladder with pneumobilia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007905,Axial view of abdominal computed tomography. Gallstone in the distal ileum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007906,Obvious enlargement of the left side pterygoid muscles appear on computed tomography scanning. The boundary of the lateral and medial pterygoid muscles is obscure. Bone destruction and thickened mucous membrane on the maxilla sinus back wall appear as well (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007907,"Recurrence at the superior mesenteric plexus. At 30 months after the first operation, contrast-enhanced computed tomography findings showed an abdominal mass at the superior mesenteric plexus (arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007908,Axial CT imaging revealing pulmonary embolism in the right lower lobe segmental pulmonary arteries (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007909,2D Echocardiography parasternal short axis view (systolic frame) at the level of aortic valve shows an unicuspid aortic valve in a 12-year-old patient.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007910,"T1 weighted image - sagittal section - shows empty sella filled with CSF, with thin rim of pituitary gland along the wall of the cavity.CSF, cerebrospinal fluid"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007911,"Axial MR T2WI showing multiple prostatic nodules with slightly hyperintense signals.MR, magnetic resonance; T2WI, T2-weighted imaging."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007912,High‐resolution CT pulmonary angiogram showed no evidence of pulmonary embolism but bilateral ground glass opacities
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007913,Oblique view mammogram (with demarcated/measured calcified vessels).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007914,CT chest showing bilateral multiple pulmonary opacities (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007915,Contrast-enhanced CT scan again demonstrating a transition point but raising concerns of intraluminal abnormality such as intussusception or a foreign body.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007916,Computed tomography angiography demonstrating no overt contrast flow around a well-sealed ASD Amplatzer occlusion device within the ascending aortic anterior pseudoaneurysm one month following the procedure.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007917,Anteroposterior (AP) view radiograph upon presentation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007918,Lateral view knee radiograph upon presentation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007919,Grade 2 (partial tear) anterior cruciate ligament injury. Indicated by arrowhead
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007920,"Undisplaced far lateral tibial plateau fracture (indicated by arrowhead), deemed likely to be an avulsion related to lateral ligamentous injury or tibiofibular joint injury"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007921,Measurement of pronator quadratus thickness in interosseous area in sagittal view.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007922,Noncontrast thoracic CT scan (axial view) showing bilateral lung infiltrations (black arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007923,Coronal view of the patient’s CT PNSThe osteoma is indicated by the green arrow.MT: middle turbinate; UP: uncinate process; CT: computed tomography; PNS: paranasal sinus
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007924,Axial view of the patient’s CT PNSThe osteoma is indicated by the green arrow.CT: computed tomography; PNS: paranasal sinus
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007925,"B-line is a vertical line shaped by numerous small horizontal lines, as seen in numerous pathologies, including bacterial or viral pneumonia.Adapted by Lichtenstein [17]. Copyright © 2012 Bentham Science Publishers. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (  which permits unrestrictive use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007926,T2W dark-blood coronal MRI image shows diffuse myopericardial thickening. The thickening is hypointense on T2W images and is causing attenuation of the proximal SVC (arrow). The image was adapted from [53].
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007927,Magnetic resonance image of a 12- × 10-mm left pituitary tumor with low T1 and T2 signal.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007928,Patient with ovarian cancer and peritoneal carcinomatosis. Coronal reconstructed CT image shows multiple voluminous calcified implants in the peritoneum (black arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007929,Repeat TTE parasternal long axis view with no more basal and mid segments ballooning (blue arrow). TTE: transthoracic echocardiogram.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007930,Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) of the abdomen showing no acute pathology of the liver.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007931,TTE showing RA myxoma seen extending into the RV in the apical four chamber view.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007932,X-ray chest showing a homogenous opacity occupying most of the right hemithorax.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007933,Postoperative cervicothoracic spine X-ray. Anterior–posterior view. The right first and second ribs were surgically resected (circle).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007934,Fluoroscopy from previous endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography demonstrating a hilar stricture with proximal dilation of the intrahepatic biliary tree.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007935,Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sagittal T2-weighted MRI showing a globular uterus containing multiple endometrial foci related to deep diffuse internal adenomyosis. Reproduced with permission from Habiba et al. (2020).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007936,Upper gastrointestinal contrast study. Arrow - Z sign due to duodenojejunal flexure on the right side of spine
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007937, Computerized tomography scan of abdomen and pelvis showing left renal cell carcinoma (thin arrow) invading in to the hepatic portion of inferior vena cava (thick arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007938,Patient no. 2: anterior wall thrombus. Transthoracic echocardiogram shows iso-hypoechogenic thrombus attached to the anterior wall of the left ventricle (dimensions 21 mm × 13 mm).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007939,Patient no. 2: Computed tomography scan of the chest. Oval-shaped thrombus attached to the anterior wall of the left ventricle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007940,X-ray showing opacity of the right hemithorax.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007941,MRI enterography of a 46-year-old woman with CD with an enterocutaneous fistula (ECF) at the right iliac fossa (white arrow). She has undergone two ileocolic resections previously and a stricturoplasty of the end to end anastomosis within a 7-year period. The image demonstrates proximal bowel dilatation and a possible distal stricture (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007942,Pantomographic radiograph of an 8-year-old girl.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007943,Heterogeneously enhancing mass in left kidney
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007944,Pancreaticolith
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007945,"Abdominal CT scan, axial view, showing the low attenuating area of the lower spleen."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007946,MRI brain spine (sagittal view T2) showing (a) brainstem and (b) cervical cord hyperintense signals.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007947,"Cervical MRI, sagittal plane, T2-weighted image. Spinal canal stenosis is visible at C1-C2 level, associated with spinal cord hyperintensity (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007948,X-ray shows endoprosthesis in the right lower limb after resection of the tumor.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007949,Transesophageal echocardiography showed global hypokinesia of left ventricle and no intracardiac thrombus
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007950,Preoperative MRI demonstrating the duplicate trunks of the left IJV.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007951,"Chest Computed Tomography showing extensive prominent bulky heterogenous lymph nodes in the anterior and middle mediastinum (measures 8 cm in AP dimension and 7 cm transversely), including involvement of the pre-tracheal and perivascular spaces. As a result of the extensive involvement, there is significant narrowing of the left brachiocephalic vein as it traverses the mediastinum. There is also narrowing of the superior vena cava. No clear evidence of hilar adenopathy."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007952,Radiograph of the cervical spine shows a stump rib on both sides (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007953,Angiogram of Right Popliteal Artery at Rest in a College Athlete With Functional Popliteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007954,Chest radiograph demonstrating pulmonary oedema prior to implantation of biventricular assist device.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007955,Abdominal computed tomography findings on day 34 of admission of an 83‐year‐old woman with emphysematous gastritis. Portal vein gas is recognized (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007956,Ultrasound of the thyroid and parathyroid showing right and left thyroid lobes along with isthmus. Of note is the heterogeneous thyroid with a nodule on the right as well as left sides (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007957,"A 72-year-old male patient with grade 2 costochondral junction chondrosarcoma. Contrast-enhanced axial chest CT shows a large (90 mm) soft tissue mass at the right costochondral junction with small calcifications, necrotic areas, mediastinal invasion and right pleural effusion."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007958,"Echocardiogram performed on July 31, 2020 showing a 4.97×2.72 cm mass-like echogenicity on the right ventricular free wall."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007959,"Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging on August 19, 2020, revealing a lobulated and infiltrative enhancing soft tissue mass, mainly located in the anterior wall of the right ventricle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007960,Axial MRI of the abdomen further delineating the infiltration extension into the liver.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007961,Echocardiography (Apical four-chamber view showing thick anterior mitral leaflet)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007962,The representative intraoperative cholangiography in patients with congenital biliary atresia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007963,"Fluoroscopy showing 4 coils implanted in the neck of the aneurysm. (Interlock™ Fibered IDC™ Occlusion System 4 × 80 mm, 4 × 150 mm, 4 × 150 mm, Boston Scientific™; Target XL Detachable Coils 3 × 90 mm Striker Corporation)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007964,"X‐ray photograph showing a coil (Interlock™ Fibered IDC™ Occlusion System 4 × 80 mm, Boston Scientific™) in the site proximal to the aneurysm, 4 coils in the neck of the aneurysm, (Interlock™ Fibered IDC™ Occlusion System 4 × 80 mm, 4 × 150 mm, 4 × 150 mm, Target XL Detachable Coils 3 × 90 mm Striker Corporation) and 2 coils distal to the aneurysm (Target XL Detachable Coils 2 × 60 mm, 2 × 60 mm were implanted). Hemostasis was achieved successfully after coiling of radial artery"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007965,"Stent undersizing demonstrated at IVUS. The white dotted line marks the lamina externa, where the stent struts (*) should lie."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007966,"Tissue prolapse after PCI of a chronic total occlusion. The stent struts are marked with *, at 1 o’clock a prolapse of a calcific plaque can be seen."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007967,Signal intensity was normalized against non-enhancing tibial plateau articular cartilage using coronal plane images
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007968,Pulmonary artery hypoplasia before surgery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007969,Markedly distended urinary bladder (Yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007970,Sclerotic bony densities in the spine consistent with metastatic prostate carcinoma (Yellow arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007971,"Endoscopic ultrasonography image. Endoscopic ultrasonography showed tortuous vessels and low echoic lesions in the pancreas head, and no findings suspicious of malignancy."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007972,Upper GI series revealed a passage disorder of the duodenal descending portion (dotted area).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007973,Measurement of grovel femoral offset (GFO). The preoperative GFO was measured by adding the distance between the longitudinal axis of the femur and the centre of the femoral head (A) to the distance between the centre of the femoral head and a perpendicular line passing through the pubic symphysis (B). GFO was defined as A + B
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007974,Postoperative videofluoroscopic swallow study indicates durable repair with no extravasation of contrast medium.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007975,"Postoperative videofluoroscopic swallow study displays no extravasation of contrast medium, indicating no leak following fasciocutaneous radial forearm free flap."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007976, X-rays of the patient’s right hand showing an extra phalanx centrally with a bifid third metacarpal bone
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007977, A distal colostogram with structures labeled. The two dots represent the urethral orifice anteriorly and the anoplasty location posteriorly.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007978,Pre-operative PET scan demonstrating a hypermetabolic anterior mediastinal mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007979,"Preoperative ultrasonographic finding (long-axis image). Two ossicles are in the deep infrapatellar bursa. (DIB, deep infrapatellar bursa; OS, ossicle; PT, patellar tendon; TT, tibial tuberosity.)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007980,"Ultrasound image of the patient’s left knee after ossicle removal. The area is inspected again by ultrasound to confirm the absence of remnant ossicles, The white arrows indicate where the ossicle is located. (DIB, deep infrapatellar bursa; PT, patellar tendon.)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007981,Measured bladder. Distended bladder is commonly seen secondary to outflow obstruction from urogenital sinus abnormalities
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007982,CT chest axial view shows groundglass opacities primarily involving right middle lobe and lingula.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007983,"Illustrative Post-Operative Standing RadiographExample of 6-month postoperative standing lateral radiograph of one-level lordotic cage demonstrating anterior cage placement and measured sagittal parameters using validated imaging software (Surgimap, NYC, NY)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007984,Chest X-ray result showing perihilar patchy opacities.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007985,Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain (sagittal view): re-demonstration of restricted diffusion in the left paramedian tegmentum on diffusion-weighted imaging (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007986,Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain (coronal view): re-demonstration of restricted diffusion in the left paramedian tegmentum (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007987,Nonenhanced pelvic CT scan. Notes: The red arrow shows a large stone (approximately 9.0 cm × 9.0 cm) in the neobladder
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007988,"Measurement of the caudal vena cava (CVC) from the hepatic view in the horizontal and vertical diameters. The horizontal (hor) diameter was assessed at the largest diameter, and the vertical (vert) diameter was assessed perpendicular to it. The CVC is marked in red, and the portal vein is marked in blue"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007989,"Computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen, in coronal view, showing multiple hypoechoic lesions within the spleen."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007990, Low-grade mucinous appendiceal neoplasm presenting as a right adnexal mass (transvaginal ultrasound).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007991,FLAIR of head MRI showing normal posterior fossa.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007992,"Chest CT angiography showing no acute pulmonary embolism within the central pulmonary arteries. Ill-defined ground-glass opacities are shown within the lung bases bilaterally, indicated within the circles."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007993,Axial view of the spine MRI.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007994,CT TAP showing a huge mediastinal mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007995,A coronal abdominopelvic CT scan shows hypodense cystic mass in segment 6 of the liver and an additional cystic mass in the mesentery of the small intestine with a moderate amount of free fluid in the abdomen (arrow). CT: computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007996,Chest radiography on the 10th day of symptoms.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007997,"Chest X ray on day 1 of admission, showing extensive bilateral consolidations"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007998,"Repeated chest X-ray at day 21, showing worsening infiltrates"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_007999,"At day 30, high-resolution computed tomography showing interval improvement of bilateral ground-glass opacities with stable fibrotic changes"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008000,Chest X-ray at admission. Initial chest X-ray demonstrated mild interstitial pulmonary edema (red arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008001,Contrast-enhanced CT scan showing Grade IV liver laceration.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008002,Repeated CT scan of the abdomen after 4 weeks revealed partial healing of the liver injury with disappearance of the pseudoaneurysm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008003,A shoulder dislocation with a concomitant greater tuberosity fracture.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008004,The height was measured by measuring the difference between the center of the lesions and the most cranial point of the humeral head.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008005,A case of cardiopulmonary arrest (4-year-old boy) shows upper cervical cord stem swelling in the postmortem spine T2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008006,Coronal CT imaging obtained at the time of penile and scrotal metastatic presentation showing nodular mesenteric and peritoneal infiltration and thickening consistent with peritoneal carcinomatosis and a large mass present in the right hemiscrotum.CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008007,Transverse CT imaging of the patient at the time of penile and scrotal metastatic presentation displaying infiltration into the right hemiscrotum.CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008008,CT scan in the axial plane pelvic cut showing apple-core appearance (arrows) of the rectosigmoid mass lesion keeping with malignancy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008009,CT scan chest of the same patient’s lung window showing a small nodule (arrow) 5 mm at the middle lobe on the right side.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008010,"T1-weighted axial MRI obtained at age 16 years, showing occlusion of the foramen of Monro by a colloid cyst (arrow) and a cystic enlargement of the posterior horn of the right lateral ventricle. * = lateral ventricle"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008011,"Coronal contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the abdomen showing a large pseudoaneurysm in area of the gastroduodenal artery, measuring up to 3 cm (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008012,"Post-embolization angiography demonstrating complete occlusion of the gastroduodenal artery, with no further filling of the pseudoaneurysm (circle)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008013,Final selective angiogram of the superior mesenteric artery showing no retrograde filling of the pseudoaneurysm through the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (circle).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008014,"False-positive diagnosis using the conventional criterion for anastomosis site abnormality in a 46-year-old male who underwent deceased-donor liver transplantation.Maximal intensity projection image shows more than 50% focal narrowing (arrow) without distal run-off abnormality because of hepatic artery angulation. Doppler ultrasound abnormalities were normalized after 1 month, and no associated complication was seen in this patient within 6 months of follow-up."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008015,"Radiograph showing analysis to ascertain the proximal femoral morphology. Reprinted from Early Post-operative Periprosthetic Femur Fracture in the Presence of a Non-cemented Tapered Wedge Femoral Stem, Cooper HJ et al, 2010, by the HSS Journal: the Musculoskeletal Journal of Hospital for Special Surgery. cortical index = a/b, canal cone ratio = c/d, canal to calcar ratio = c/e, canal-flare index = f/c"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008016,"Open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) of a periprosthetic fracture with a pre-contoured helical plate, female 80 years old"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008017,Measurement of angle of mesio-lingual canal orifice–disto-lingual canal orifice–disto-buccal canal (ML–DL–DB) orifice
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008018,"Contrast enhanced computed tomography scan of the chest showing multiple pulmonary nodules (red arrow) within lower lung fields, in addition to intralobular septal thickening (green arrow) in a nodular fashion."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008019,22-year-old man with a rhinopharyngeal vault PMT who presented with a 4-year history of generalized pain and progressive weakness confining him to a wheelchair. Plain radiograph demonstrates multiple insufficiency fractures (arrowheads) with features of osteomalacia in the feet
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008020,"47-year-old man with a PMT of the 4th rib. He presented to the rheumatology service, with an 18-month history of recurrent back pain and unexpected weight loss. On physical examination, he had reduced spinal movement and point tenderness over his sacroiliac joints. Chest X-ray shows a well-defined rounded dense lesion in the 4th rib, with uniform calcification"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008021,65-year-old man with a PMT of the right elbow. Ultrasound of the proximal forearm shows a large extraosseous component (arrow heads) which was not apparent on plain radiograph. Biopsy needle (arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008022,"Coronal section from contrast-enhanced fat suppressed MRI of brain, orbits and postnasal space demonstrating bilateral ethmoid polyposis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008023,"Magnetic resonance image of a pregnant woman, midsagittal plane, (courtesy of Tanja Restin, University of Zurich). Note the oblique orientation of the pelvic floor (arrow) and the position of the pubic symphysis (PS) relative to the fetus and the sacrum (S)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008024,Sagittal view of the contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the chest demonstrating pulmonary embolism in the right lower lobe (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008025,UGI Gastrografin.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008026,Postoperative right side total hip arthroplasty x-ray
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008027,Postoperative left side total hip arthroplasty x-ray
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008028,"Computerized tomography scan of abdomen and pelvis, showing gallbladder calculus"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008029,Preoperative radiographic images. The blue arrows indicate the type II superior labrum anterior and posterior (SLAP) lesion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008030,"Based on the simulative cup size and position, the contact length and angle between the acetabular cup and the superolateral part of bone stock on the two-dimensional X-ray image were measured"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008031,"Post-operative upper gastrointestinal contrast. Normal contrast flow into duodenum (arrows) and through the gastro-jejunal bypass (arrows), without any stay of contrast material in the remnant stomach."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008032,Postoperative CT control. a axial scan; b frontal scan
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008033,Chest CT showing pleural effusion (1) and mediastinal adenopathy (2).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008034,Pleural-based consolidation with cavity and a radio-opaque shadow within the cavity leading to formation of ‘air crescent’ (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008035,Brain CT scan showed recurrence of the previous tumor
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008036,Chest radiograph PA view showing absent clavicles
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008037,Case 2. One-year postoperative radiographs. No implant loosening or spinal structure fracture was noted in the images.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008038,TM cup with augments and screws
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008039,Delee and Charnley zones
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008040,Figure 1 LGED patient SBRT treatment plan with GTV (red) and isodose color wash with 50 Gy isodose line (blue) and 35 Gy isodose line (yellow). The lobar bronchus maximum point dose in this case was 62.3 Gy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008041,Color Doppler of the right breast
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008042,"Short-axis oesophageal view of the superior vena cava at the level of the right pulmonary artery. Right superior pulmonary vein can be seen entering into medial aspect of the superior vena cava. RSPV, right superior pulmonary vein; SVC, superior vena cava."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008043,"A small transient right-to-left shunt is evident by the movement of the bubble contrast from right atrium to left atrium almost immediately. ASD, atrial septal defect; LA, left atrium; RA, right atrium; SVC, superior vena cava."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008044,MRI scan of the uterus on the 13w + 3d.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008045,Left cornu of the uterus visualized by transabdominal ultrasonography 1 day postpartum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008046,Left cornu of the uterus visualized by transvaginal ultrasonography 30 days postpartum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008047,Chest computerized tomography showing extensive severe bilateral focal ground-glass infiltrates typical characteristics of COVID-19 (axial view)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008048,"HRCT of thorax findings. Diffuse ground-glass appearance of lung fields more severe in the lung bases on the right with irregular consolidation (black arrows) and associated thickening of the interlobular septae (white arrows) were observed. HRCT, high-resolution computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008049,Coronary angiogram. An obstruction in the midportion of right coronary artery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008050,Coronary angiogram. Relief in right coronary artery obstruction after intracoronary injection of nitroglycerin
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008051,"LLD, FO, and AO measurements. An example case of THA showing measurements of LLD (yellow lines), FO (blue line), and AO (red line) in posteroanterior X-ray. See text for the description of these measurements"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008052,3D-endoanal ultrasound image: A migrated prosthesis in a 56.4° angle to the anal canal.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008053,Preoperative angiographic image showing coronary artery aneurysm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008054,"Frontal ratio (%) = a/b × 100, (a: distance from the frontal angle of the lateral ventricle to the cerebrum falx; b: width of the corresponding horizontal frontal lobe)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008055,Coronary angiogram shows partial restoration of blood flow in RCA (TIMI 3 in posterior descending artery (PDA) and TIMI 1-2 in the posterior left ventricular (PLV) branch. RCA: right coronary artery; TIMI: thrombolysis in myocardial infarction
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008056,"Hand X‐ray; soft tissue swelling, no fracture or dislocation, no destructive lesions or periosteal reaction"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008057,Computed tomography scan of the abdomen demonstrating a heterogenous fat density mass anterior to the ascending colon with adjacent fat stranding (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008058,Abdominal computed tomography in the axial plane showing diffuse thickening and edema of the body and tail of the pancreas with peripancreatic fat stranding and no evidence of pancreatic necrosis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008059,"Chest X-ray obtained in the first observation, revealing two images of condensation, in the right pulmonary base (black arrow) and in the superior right lobe (white arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008060,"Transthoracic echocardiogram obtained during hospitalization, revealing a mobile tricuspid vegetation (white arrow), with dimensions of 22x18 mm."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008061,Ultrasound image showing hydrodissection of the patient’s brachial artery in subcoracoid space beneath the pectoralis muscles
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008062,"Hydrodissection of the patient’s brachial artery beneath the pectoralis muscles. Arrow 1: needle (red), arrow 2: hydrodissection space from injected fluid (yellow), arrow 3: brachial artery (green)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008063,"CT when the patient was transported in a state of shock shows increased bloody ascites but no apparent extravasation. CT, computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008064,"Echocardiographic right parasternal short-axis left atrial and aortic valve view showing all 3 aortic valve cusps, demonstrating the disproportionately large aortic annulus compared to the adjacent left atrium in a male Newfoundland dog. The right cusp also is larger than the other 2. Age 2.5 years. 1, right aortic valve cusp; 2, left aortic valve cusp; 3, septal (noncoronary) aortic valve cusp; LA, left atrium."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008065,"Lateral thoracic radiograph showing effacement of the cranial cardiac waist and a very prominent bulge of the cranial cardiac silhouette (arrow), corresponding to enlargement of the ascending aorta. Age 8 years."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008066,"Echocardiogram showing a right-sided parasternal long-axis view in a male Newfoundland dog. A marked, diffuse enlargement of both sinuses of Valsalva is apparent."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008067,Panoramic radiograph (January 2020).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008068,Preoperative posterior-anterior radiograph of the spine showing a right thoracolumbar curvature of 94 degrees from T4 to L2 following a chest wall resection of the ninth rib and radiation therapy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008069,angiogram showing a patent renal transplant anastomosis without stenosis (red arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008070,angiogram showing stent deployment in the external iliac artery (red arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008071,A slight curve of septal base from apical 4 chamber view during end-diastole in a patient with systemic hypertension and basal septal hypertrophy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008072,Predominantly placed hypertrophy over septal base from apical 4 chamber view during end-diastole in a patient with aortic stenosis and basal septal hypertrophy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008073,"The tumor, with a maximum size of 13 × 13 cm, is located in the left lateral abdomen (arrow). The tumor is uniformly high-intensity with partial low intensity on T2-weighted image"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008074,"Patient's MRI. T2/FLAIR shows nonspecific hyperintensities in the periventricular (purple arrows) and subcortical (yellow arrows) regions, which is otherwise unremarkable.FLAIR: fluid-attenuated inversion recovery"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008075,"Axial T1‐weighted contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging shows the low intensity mass was located on the front edge of the right brain ventricle, with a few darker strands and no enhancement (arrowhead)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008076,Panoramic radiography at the first consultation negative for pathological bone imaging
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008077,"Bilateral periocular tendon involvement in a patient with OAL presenting via blurry muscle insertions of the four recti muscles (coronary CT with contrast agent, soft tissue window)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008078,"Infiltration of the lacrimal system and ethmoidal cells (arrow) in a patient with IgG4-ROD (axial CT scan with contrast agent, bone window)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008079,Coronal T2-weighted MRI showing multiloculated cystic mass on PCL (black arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008080,Lower abdominal ultrasonography showing a hypoechoic mass in the lower abdomen with a clear boundary and visible color Doppler blood flow signal.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008081,Coronal section of the CT showing renal left renal mass involving upper and mid pole
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008082,"Figure 3. Ultrasound image of the infraspinatus muscle.PD = posterior deltoid and ISP = infraspinatus. Green Line = muscle thickness, orange line = deep aponeurosis, blue line = muscle fascicle, and red curve = pennation angle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008083,Pre-operative X-ray of 21 prior to shield preparation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008084,OPG showing fracture site. OPG: orthopantomograph
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008085,"Patient 3: Thrombus load, right axillary artery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008086,"Representative radiation isodose lines for planning post-LITT stereotactic radiotherapy, corresponding to the first case in Figure 1. Obtained from CT scan, the most central line denotes 1890 cGy radiation and the most superficial 540 cGy. LITT, laser interstitial thermal therapy."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008087,CT scan of abdomen and pelvis showed a large uterine mass with necrotic appearance (white arrow)CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008088,Longitudinal section of computed tomography scan of the chest showing mediastinal lymphadenopathy abutting the esophagus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008089,Thin cut Axial T1 postcontrast imaging through the internal auditory cancals demonstrates enhancement of the bilateral 7th/8th cranial nerve complexes.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008090,"Coronal view of the thorax computed tomography scan. To further investigate the alterations on the previous X-ray, a computed tomography scan was performed. As demonstrated, a severe bilateral consolidation of both lungs is present (arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008091,"Chest X-ray after the hospital stay. After two years, there seems to be no major sequel on thoracic imaging."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008092,Computed tomography scan of the chest without contrast showing small bilateral pulmonary effusions (red arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008093,"Ultrasound image obtained with an 11 MHz linear transducer in a cat with pyometra. The uterus is enlarged and tortuous, measuring approximately 1 cm between the calipers. The lumen is filled with particle-rich, hypoechoic fluid. Courtesy of Jessica Ingman"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008094,Chest X-Ray (Single View) on Day 3 of Hospitalization
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008095,"T2-weighted MRI shows a pronounced effusion of the shoulder joint, especially the subacromial bursa and axillary recess. Multiple hypointense lesions are present within the articular space"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008096,Upright abdominal X-ray of the Pezzer catheter (green arrow) 4 months after placement
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008097,"Upright abdominal X-ray of the patient showing the Foley catheter migrating forward in the pelvis and air-fluid levels. The intraabdominal part of the Foley catheter is indicated (yellow line). Intravenous lines (white arrows), bladder catheter (red arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008098,Soft tissue ultrasound: a rectopectoral tissue mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008099,"Brain MRI, T1Bilateral basal ganglia atrophy (caudate, lentiform, and thalamus).Blue arrow: caudate, Red: lentiform, Green: thalamus, Circle: basal ganglia atrophy."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008100,"Brain MRI, multiplanar reconstructed sagittal. Sagittal brain MRI, showing cerebellar atrophy (red arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008101,CT follow up 24 hours after acute reperfusion therapies shows acute ischemic stroke in right PCA territory with substantial hemorrhagic transformation (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008102,Flow of contrast agent into the gallbladder. Flow of the contrast agent into the gallbladder was deemed positive when the contrast agent was observed flowing into the gallbladder or cystic duct on fluoroscopic imaging in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008103,Tumor invasion to the cystic artery. Tumor invasion to the cystic artery (arrow) was visible on multidetector computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008104,Cephalometric image showing the tracing of soft tissue landmarks in Kannadiga group1. Facial angle; 2. Upper lip curvature; 3. Skeletal convexity; 4. H-line angle (Holdaway angle); 5. Nose tip to H line; 6. Upper sulcus depth; 7. Upper lip thickness; 8. Upper lip strain; 9. Lower lip to H line; 10. Lower sulcus depth; 11. Soft tissue chin thickness; 12. Glabella thickness.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008105,Angiosarcoma of the spleen. Axial FDG PET-CT of the upper abdomen shows an intensely hypermetabolic splenic tumor (white arrow) with scattered areas of necrosis. A hypermetabolic right adrenal metastasis is also present (white arrowhead).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008106,"Ganglioneuroma. Axial FDG PET-CT image of the chest shows a large, partially calcified tumor of the right posterior chest (white arrow). These tumors arise from intercostal nerves that connect to sympathetic thoracic ganglia and are typically benign."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008107,Color Doppler echocardiographic images (systolic frames) of trivial mitral valve regurgitation jets in three clinically healthy Labrador retrievers without heart murmur. (A). Standard right parasternal four-chamber view showing a central jet. (B). Standard left parasternal four-chamber view showing a central jet. (C). Standard right parasternal four-chamber view showing two eccentric jets.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008108,Soft tissue neck X-Ray showing Montgomery T-tube placed as a stent following Coblation release of stenosis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008109,Diffusion weighted imaging sequence magnetic resonance imaging brain: small foci of diffusion restriction in the right occipital lobe.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008110, Computed tomography reconstruction of a fishbone-like (approximately 20 mm long) high-density image.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008111,"TEE midesophageal two-dimensional bicaval (111°) view immediately after cardiac resuscitation. Heterogeneous hyperechoic mobile content inside the right atrium is trapped within the Chiari network and measures 5.8 cm (white double arrow). IVC, Inferior vena cava; LA, left atrium; RA, right atrium; SVC, superior vena cava."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008112,"TEE midesophageal two-dimensional modified four-chamber (3°) view showing right atrial and ventricular dilatation after cardiac resuscitation. The hyperechoic mass is visible in the right atrium (white arrow). The interatrial septum is shifted toward left atrium due to increase right atrial pressure. LA, Left atrium; LV, left ventricle; RA, right atrium."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008113,"TEE midesophageal two-dimensional bicaval (115°) view showing regression of the hyperechoic mass (white double arrow) after 5 days of therapeutic anticoagulation and before VA ECMO withdrawal. The mass is still trapped within the Chiari network albeit reduced in size and measuring 2.8 cm. LA, Left atrium; IVC, inferior vena cava; RA, right atrium; SVC, superior vena cava."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008114,Abdominal-pelvic computed tomography (CT) scan showing intra- and peri-bladder gas bubbles (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008115,"Anteroposterior X-ray of the right hip showing dislocated polyethylene liner-metal cup articulation of dual-mobility total hip arthroplasty. The polyethylene liner is attached to the prosthetic head, as demonstrated by the green arrows."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008116,Fluoroscopy image of the right hip showing the eccentric position of the prosthetic head within the acetabular cup.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008117, Right mediolateral oblique (RMLO) mammogram demonstrates breast masses.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008118,CT brain T2 axial view shows interval regression in the size of the known left partial and posterior frontal abscesses with improvement of the surrounding vasogenic edema.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008119,Breast ultrasound showed inflammatory changes in the left breast (the arrow points).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008120,Chest angiotomography showing saddle pulmonary embolism.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008121,Axial contrast CT scan showing extravasation of the contrast at the left renal pelvis one week post traumatic injury (red arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008122,Fluoroscopy image - left antegrade study showing extravasation of the contrast into the peritoneal cavity three weeks post injury
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008123,Left retrograde study showing the contrast ascended to the left kidney 11 weeks post traumatic injury
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008124,Coronal CT view of abdomen and pelvis displaying severe left hydronephrosis with multiple stones.CT: computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008125,MRI shows hydronephrosis of the left kidney with a large mass within it centrally and further satellite lesions.MRI: magnetic resonance imaging.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008126,CT chest coronal MIP (maximum intensity projection) rightward mediastinal shift and partial right lung collapse secondary to left hemithoracic mass effect.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008127,"Immediate postoperative anterior-posterior pelvis radiograph. This radiograph demonstrates the new S-ROM femoral prosthesis and a 58-mm multi-hole acetabular cup with 20 degrees of added anteversion. Seven screws were placed, with two of these screws being ischial. S-ROM: Sivash-range of motion"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008128,Perianal abscess identified on CT A/P
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008129,Preoperative ultrasonography image shows the hypoechoic mass anterior to the femoral head (asterisk) and its communication with the intraarticular space (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008130,CT scan - coronal view. CT scan showing a homogeneous nodular mass of soft tissue with the erosion of the frontal maxillary apophysis extending into the nasal vestibule. CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008131,"Anterior-posterior view of a cavovarus foot with measurements, kite angle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008132,Saltzman view of a cavovarus foot.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008133,Coronal CTA with contrast demonstrating a PSA (black arrow) arising from the left internal iliac artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008134,"This is a scout image featuring the dysmorphic characteristics including micrognathia, beak-like nose, and receding forehead"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008135," Standard posteroanterior chest X-ray. CXR of a 49-year-old male who presented with a week of edema involving bilateral lower extremity, thighs, and scrotum, abdominal distention, cough productive of whitish phlegm, 18 pounds weight gain, orthopnea and dyspnea on exertion. The CXR shows enlarged cardiac silhouette, cardiomegaly, and pericardial effusion."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008136,Transesophageal echocardiogram taken two days after admission showing quadricuspid valve (1-4)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008137,Axial view of cone-beam computed tomography before bone graft (Group A patient). Group A: patients treated with chin symphysis bone+allograft.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008138,Reformatted panoramic view before bone graft (Group B patient) (arrow). Group B: patients treated with iliac bone graft.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008139,Reformatted panoramic view after bone graft (Group B patient). Group B: patients treated with iliac bone graft.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008140,Anteroposterior right knee radiography. Knee replacement with prosthetic material
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008141,Fluoroscopic image of catheters positioned for simultaneous bi‐atrial noncontact mapping
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008142,T2-weigthed axial magnetic resonance image in the same patient three months after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation which was performed after two failed percutaneous sclerotherapies with sotradecol. Hyperintense rim (white arrows) around the ablated area suggestive for perileasional oedema.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008143,Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pelvis showing the axial view of the soft tissue mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008144,Coronal view of the MRI showing lesion in the left temporoparietal region
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008145,Sagittal view of the MRI showing lesion in the left temporoparietal region
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008146,Sagittal T1 Post-Contrast. There are large bilateral heterogeneously enhancing masses centered within the body (white arrow) and genu (yellow arrow) of the corpus callosum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008147,"Daughter cyst. The specific imaging features are exclusively observed in fetal ovarian cysts, but not in other intra-abdominal cyst diseases."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008148,CT chest showing a well-defined fluid-filled cystic lesion in the right hemithorax. CT- Computed Tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008149,"Measurement example of VHS. Right lateral thoracic radiograph displaying the Vertebral Heart Size (VHS) measurement in a dog of the control group. The long axis was drawn from the ventral margin of the carina tracheae to the most distal margin of the cardiac apex, and perpendicular to the short axis was drawn at the level of the ventral intersection of the caudal vena cava and the cardiac silhouette (red lines on cardiac silhouette). These lines were repositioned onto the vertebral column (red lines on vertebral column) beginning at the cranial margin of the fourth thoracic vertebrae. The VHS was 10.5 vertebral units."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008150,Measurement example of LAWidth. The Left Atrial Width (LAWidth) measurement in the same right lateral thoracic radiograph is shown in Figure 1. The long axis was measured as described in Figure 1 (white dotted line). The short axis was drawn at a 90° angle to the long axis at the height of the dorsal intersection between the cardiac silhouette and the caudal vena cava (red line on cardiac silhouette). This line was repositioned onto the vertebral column (red line on vertebral) as described in Figure 1. The LAWidth was 1.6 vertebral units.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008151,"Chest CT of a 44-year-old male, showing a small, well-defined lesion (arrow) with low attenuation (≤ 20 HU), consistent with a hepatic cyst."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008152,Unenhanced axial CT image showing a gallstone (arrow) in a patient with metastatic angiosarcoma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008153,Chest CT of a 66-year-old female with porcelain gallbladder (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008154,"A 36-year-old female. Chest CT, performed for the investigation of cervical lymphadenopathy, showing a splenic cyst (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008155,A 67-year-old male with dyspnea. Chest CT showing a hyperdense renal cyst (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008156,A 39-year-old female with dyspnea. Chest CT showing a very low-density lesion (arrow) in the right kidney.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008157,An 83-year-old female. Chest CT showing a duodenal diverticulum (arrow) discovered as an incidental finding after blunt chest trauma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008158,MRI spine T2-weighted sagittal image showing evidence of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008159,Frontal chest radiograph showing hyperinflation of the left lung (arrow) with mediastinal shift to the right side.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008160,CT scan of the abdomen showed a large upper and mid-rectal mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008161,Computed tomography (CT) of the head with contrast showing a well-defined hyperdense subcutaneous soft tissue lesion seen at the medial aspect of the left orbit (eyelid-extra orbital).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008162,Preoperative axial cross-sectional T2 magnetic resonance imaging of the L4-L5 level. The facet cyst is visible on the left facet joint.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008163, Small erosion at the radial aspect of the trischape joint
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008164,Abdominal ultrasound.Abdominal ultrasound revealed a distended gallbladder with possible internal debris and suggestion of wall thickening. No stones were visualized.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008165, Positron emission tomography-computed tomography imaging findings. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography showed a lobulated mass with intense 18-Fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the pancreatic body. No evidence of distant metastasis was identified.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008166,"Cardiac gated CT angiogram, post-contrast coronal reconstruction shows that the fat attenuation mass (M, Hounsfield unit of −79) arises from the interventricular septum between the RV and LV.Abbreviations: CT, computerized tomography; RV, right ventricle; LV, left ventricle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008167,T2-weighted triple inversion recovery fast spin echo sequence demonstrates markedly suppressed mass with the application of fat suppression (arrow). Note equivalent suppression of signal in the mass and in the mediastinal and subcutaneous fat.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008168,Immediate post-gadolinium-enhanced axial ECG-gated T1-weighted SE image shows no enhancement of the mass as well as no enhancement of heterogeneous regions within the mass (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008169,EUS image showing intense doppler signals of the vascular lesion around the celiac artery take-off
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008170,Computed tomography image showing the hemangioma before the coil embolization therapy
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008171,Computed tomography image showing the hemangioma after the coil embolization therapy
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008172,"CT image after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Small tumor reduction (indicated by the yellow arrow) measuring 3.0 × 2.6 cm. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008173,Position of the lead following single-chamber pacemaker implantation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008174,"Axial view, CT soft tissue neck. An amorphous calcified soft tissue mass lesion"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008175,"MRI soft tissue neck. Large, right‐sided parapharyngeal mass"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008176,Lumbar MRI without contrast: sagittal view.MRI: magnetic resonance imaging
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008177,Ultrasonography feature of extrathyroidal extension of the thyroid cancer to the recurrent laryngeal nerve.Protrusion of thyroid cancer into the tracheoesophageal groove. Diagnosis: gross extrathyroidal extension to the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Adapted from Chung et al. Korean J Radiol 2020;21:1187-1195 [129].
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008178,Imaging. Typical findings of radiographic imaging (Scranton and McDermott classification grade 2). Lateral view. Right ankle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008179,Schematic of a 63-year-old female patient following instrumented MIS-TLIF.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008180,"Computed tomography (CT) of the neck with contrast, axial plane, performed on the day of presentation, revealing extensive supraglottic inflammatory changes but no sign of drainable abscess."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008181,"Computed tomography of the abdomen showing a large non-enhancing hypodense liver lesion, suggestive of a liver abscess."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008182,Exemplary image seen during USG examination of pronator syndrome showing medial nerve compression. MN—Medial Nerve; 1—humeral head of Pronator Teres muscle; 2—ulnar head of Pronator Teres muscle; longitudinal cross section Mov. 1 Forearm USG examination result showing median nerve thickening distally to compression site.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008183,Apical 4 chamber view of left ventricular and right ventricular views shows severe segmental systolic dysfunction. Estimated LVEF was 20% by Simpson’s biplane method.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008184,Chest CT (axial view) showing ascending aortic dilation (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008185,"FIGO stage III. A 49-year-old female with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. Axial T2 weighted MRI image shows infiltrative vulvar tumor (asterisk) involving, anteriorly, the lower one-third of the urethra (long thin arrow) and, posteriorly, the lower one-third of the anus (long thick arrow). Moreover, there is a metastatic right inguinal lymph node (short thick arrow). The findings correspond to FIGO stage IIIB."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008186,Enhanced CT of IgG4-related retroperitoneal fibrosis showing a soft tissue mass in the renal pelvis (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008187,Chest x-ray on admission showing patchy lower left lung infiltrates compatible with pneumonia
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008188," Lamellar pleural effusion. Frontal chest radiograph of an 18-mo-old child with Pulmonary tuberculosis (primary complex) reveals a lamellar pleural effusion- (homogeneous increased radio-opacity along lateral aspect of right lung field with blunting of the right costophrenic angle- mimicking the appearance of pleural thickening) - [arrowheads]. Image courtesy – Department of Radiology, KEM Hospital, Mumbai."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008189,Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showing right aortic arch.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008190,Ultrasonographic gastric antrum measurement. A: antrum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008191,Contrast radiography findings. There was no evidence of postoperative leakage or stenosis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008192,Preoperative aortogram showing an intact left internal mammary artery (black arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008193,Chest x-ray showing dislocated tip of the catheter and bilateral pleural effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008194,"CT scan showing dislocated tip of the catheter, pneumomediastinum and bilateral hydrothorax."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008195,Cardiac MRI (pseudo-4-chamber view) revealing characteristic ILVNC morphology in segment 4–6 with non-compacted (NC)/compacted (C) ratio of ≥2:1.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008196,CECT chest transverse view (red arrows) shows nodules with the extensive fibrosis. CECT: contrast-enhanced computerized tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008197,Postoperative view with the graft.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008198,A radiographic image after denture delivery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008199,Cross-sectional ultrasound image of the uterine horn (Aloka SSD-500).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008200,X-ray post first surgery with antibiotic spacer for hip (Dx: right).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008201,Cement penetration into the left intercostal artery during percutaneous vertebroplasty (PV).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008202,Midsagittal T2-weighted MR image showing the epidural hematoma (red arrow) with compression of the thoracic spinal cord at the level of the vertebral bodies Th4 and Th5.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008203,Initial plain radiograph of fracture; Garden type Ⅱ of intracapsular fracture of the right femoral neck.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008204,Sagittal CT lumbar spine.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008205,AP chest radiograph on initial presentation demonstrating a wedge like consolidation in the right-lower-lobe delineated by yellow arrows.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008206,Computed tomography scan of the brain showing bilateral calcification (arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008207,Representative cardiac magnetic resonance image of microvascular occlusion in short-axis late gadolinium enhancement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008208,"Postoperative X-ray (anteroposterior view) of a round type lead placed at the T9-10 level, connected to a rechargeable implantable pulse generator. The electrode was placed through the contralateral L1-2 epidural space to evade the previous infection site."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008209,CT scan of immature teratoma ovary (Source: own photo)Axial computed tomography image shows a mass lesion in the pelvis with scattered fat (black arrow) and calcific foci (white arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008210,Angle between the reference line and the medial orbital wall (MOW)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008211,Length of orbital diameter (axial length)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008212,ORIF of left femur six weeks post-operatively.ORIF - open reduction internal fixation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008213,"Sonographic image showing spread of local anesthetic drug in the transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block plane and the separation of the fascial plane between IO and TA muscles. EO: external oblique, IO: internal oblique, TA: transversus abdominis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008214,Endoscopic ultrasound image showing the cyst's location before puncturing with the FNA needle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008215,Computed tomography thoracic angiogram (pulmonary window) showing the same embolism and demonstrating the Hounstield Unit (HU) measurement (934 HU).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008216, Field of vision with lateral displacement of the trocar and camera at 30º.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008217,Fetal skin edema
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008218,Fetal pericardial effusion and placentomegaly
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008219,Vector flow imaging (V Flow) of a canine femoral artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008220,Plain radiographs of an occult femoral neck fracture treated with internal fixation and who later developed a treatment failure
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008221,Computed tomography revealing external inguinal hernia
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008222,Axial palatal section on patient CBCT after maxillary expansion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008223, Ultrasound-controlled multiple needle liver biopsy. The procedure was performed to obtain hepatic tissue for histopathological examination.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008224,Coronal CT image of right De Garengeot hernia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008225,"Transthoracic echocardiography shows two hyperechoic tubular shadows at the tricuspid valve orifice and in the right ventricle. LV: left ventricle, RA: right atrium, RV: right ventricle"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008226,"Transthoracic echocardiography shows severe tricuspid regurgitation. LA: Left atrium, LV: left ventricle, RA: right atrium, RV: right ventricle"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008227,Liver ultrasound shows tubular hyperechoic shadow between the right hepatic vein and the right branch of the portal vein without blood flow signal in it
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008228,Right fronto basilar subarachnoid hemorrhage with ventricular flooding.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008229,CT angiography showing a varix in the sac of the umbilical hernia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008230,"Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, short-TI inversion recovery (STIR)) of the lumbar and pelvic: showing inflammation of the iliopsoas muscle (white arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008231,"Measurement of the mFTA with two perpendicular lines at the level of the femoral intercondylar notch and at the level of the medial tibia plateau mFTA, mechanical femoro-tibial angle"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008232,Orthopantomogram showing multilocular radiolucency with a mixed radiographic pattern of honeycomb appearance interspersed with soap bubble pattern in the right mandible.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008233,Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) imaging of the cystic transformation of the native pancreas.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008234,CT of the chest (coronal view) showing a mediastinal mass
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008235,CT of the abdomen (coronal view) showing adrenal nodules and kidney nodular densities
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008236,MRI of the brain (sagittal view) showing a contrast-enhancing lesion of the optic chiasm
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008237,Coronal section of the affected mandible shows the huge extension and thinning of the mandible. Significant expansion and absorption in the buccal and lingual plates of the mandible are clearly noted.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008238,1 month postoperatively.It is noticed that within one month the size of the cyst has reduced by half.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008239,Abdominal CT scan.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008240,"A representative echocardiographic image of the proband’s patent ductus arteriosus. The color flow image shows the presence of a patent ductus arteriosus between the left pulmonary artery and the descending aorta. DAO, descending aorta; LPA, left pulmonary artery; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008241,Forty-eight hour CT scan showing acute pancreatitis and peripancreatic fluid with no hypodense areas of pancreatic necrosis (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008242,Abdominal x-ray showing the presence of a large foreign body in rectum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008243,CT abdomen - transverse view showing falciform ligament sign.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008244,Preoperative panoramic X-ray (Group Bio-Oss®).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008245,The rx of inserted implants (Group Algipore®).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008246,"PET scan demonstrated no abnormal FDG processes throughout the body. Large right-sided pleural effusion was present, but without any hypermetabolic activity (arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008247,"A 52-year-old female with MPA vasculitis. Axial high-resolution CT shows GGO in the left upper lobe (white arrows), due to alverolar hemorrhage; a peribronchial opacity is also depicted in the pulmonary parenchyma (white arrowhead)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008248,"A female patient, with diagnosis of Wegener’s disease. CT image shows multiple bilateral lung nodules (arrowheads)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008249,Axial high resolution CT scan in a female patient with Granulomatosis with polyangiitis shows nodule with cavitation presenting thick walls and irregular margins (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008250,"CT scan shows subpleural reticulation and architectural distortion in the lower lobes in an 81-year-old female with AAV. Small, rounded cysts with thick walls are distributed in concentric layers in the subpleural region of the lower left lobe (honeycombing)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008251,"Lateral whole spine X-ray showing Scheuermann’s kyphosis at final follow-up after conservative treatment. Cobb’s angle was 64°, which means no improvement."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008252,Lateral whole spine X-ray of a 15-year-old boy with Scheuermann’s kyphosis. Cobb’s angle was 65°. The patient was treated surgically.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008253,Angiogram showing final result after crushing of deformed stent and placement of new stent.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008254,Chest radiograph of a two-month-old female with a large air collection in the left hemithorax with a thin edge identified at the superior left lateral aspect and a rightward shift of the heart and mediastinum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008255,"Large circumferential pericardial effusion surrounding the heart, as seen in the parasternal long axis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008256,"Chest computerized tomography showing the testicular mass, a second 4.4 cm nodule in the spermatic cord, and multiple solid lesions in both lungs, 15cm in maximum diameter."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008257,"Representation of mechanical tibiofemoral angle (mTFA), mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), mechanical medial proximal tibia angle (mMPTA), and joint line convergence angle (JLCA)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008258,X-ray abdomen supine and erect showing dilated small bowel loops with air fluid levels. Fecal loading of the colon is seen
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008259,CT scan showing bowel dilatation (air-fluid levels are marked with arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008260,"The final intraoperative angiography after the successful deployment of the ALTO endograft showed complete sealing of the aneurysm sac with no evidence of endoleaks and complete patency of the renal arteries. The suprarenal support mechanism of the endograft, polymer-filled rings, and crossed-limb “ballerina” configuration of the endograft legs were also observed."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008261,Mediolateral oblique view mammogram demonstrating axillary lymphadenopathy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008262,Right breast ultrasound of the spiculated lesion identified on the mammogram.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008263,MRI with enhancing primary right breast lesion and axillary lymphadenopathy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008264,Computed Tomography of the abdomen and pelvis with intravenous contrast: Coronal plane showing a 2.4 cm abscess in the appendix.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008265,Measurement of γ and δ angles.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008266,Dental Pantomogram (DPT) in which arrows indicate carotid artery calcifications. Reproduced from Ribeiro et al. (2018). Copyright© 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008267,"CT abdomen—complete obstruction of mid-CBD, intra and extrahepatic biliary duct dilatation; no obstructing lesion identified; enlarged pancreas with abnormal enhancement and hypodense rind; diffuse hypodense wedge-shaped lesions in bilateral kidneys."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008268,Computed tomography scan shows mild fatty change and small amount of ascites without focal lesions in the liver.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008269,Illustration of beta angle in a control hip at the squatting posture
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008270,Magnetic resonance image showing the cyst with clear margins located in the subcutaneous fat space of the left vulva.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008271,Chest computed tomography of the patient on presentation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008272,Preoperative THA template. Note the planned size of the bulk femoral head autograft wedge which is measured to have a width of 27 mm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008273,"3D shaped septum, small left ventricular and large right ventricular."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008274,Coronary angiogram of the RCA showing angiographically significant proximal RCA stenosis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008275,Coronal cut of a high resolution computed tomographic scan of the chest on inspiration using maximal intensity projection using bone windowing demonstrating the diffuse parenchymal calcifications throughout all lobes of the bilateral lungs.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008276,Transverse cut of a high resolution computed tomographic scan of the chest on inspiration using maximal intensity projection using bone windowing demonstrating the diffuse parenchymal calcifications throughout the bilateral lower lobes of the lungs.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008277,"Measurement of the preoperative radiologic parameters. TIH : total intervertebral height, SA : segmental angle, CA : C2-7 cobb angle, SVA : sagittal vertical axis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008278,"Subcostal view of the inferior vena cava (IVC) entering the right atrium (RA) with both the ductus venosus (DV) and the hepatic vein (HV) visible. This subcostal view represents the anatomical composition as was observed in all infants. Dashed line: location of the diaphragm. Blue arrow: direction of diaphragm movement with inspiration. Orange arrow: location of IVC collapse, directly caudal to the DV inlet."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008279, Urography shows complete ureteral transections (white arrowhead). An extraluminal contrast material (white arrows) is seen at the level of complete ureteral transection. Lipiodol accumulation in the bilateral pelvic lymph nodes is noted from previous lymphangiography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008280, Pyelogram shows complete ureteral transections. A focal outpouching of extraluminal contrast material (white arrow) is seen at the level of complete ureteral transection.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008281," Fluoroscopic image shows the plug (arrows), coil (white arrow), and NBCA glue (white arrowhead) in the ureter. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008282,"Serratus anterior plane block application. LDM: latissimus dorsi muscle, SAM: serratus anterior muscle, LA: local anesthetic."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008283,"TOE, short axis demonstrating a vegetation (V) on the right coronary cusp (RCC; 11 × 8 mm) and on the non-coronary cusp (NCC; 15 × 11 mm); LCC, left coronary cusp; LA, left atrium; RA, right atrium; TV, tricuspid valve; RVOT, right ventricular outflow tract."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008284,"Preoperative TOE, long axis with colour flow highlighting the vegetation (V) obstructing flow through the AV and the fistula (F) which has developed from left ventricular outflow tract to RVOT."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008285,"Images obtained with TVS after 6 weeks. The placental polyp with AVM had completely resolved after 6 weeks of GnRH antagonist therapy. AVM, arteriovenous malformation; GnRH, gonadotropin-releasing hormone; TVS, transvaginal sonography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008286,Chest radiograph showing catheter in the right atrium and ventricle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008287,Chest CT (sagittal view) demonstrating two left lower lobe cavitary lesions.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008288,Chest X-ray (2010) shows loss of lung volume and linear opacities in the lung bases and sub-pleural region.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008289,"The measurement of IFA (86.91°); 12w6d, normal Chinese fetus"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008290,"The measurement of FMA (72.53°); 13w3d, normal Chinese fetus"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008291,"The measurement of PL distance (3.1 mm); 13w1d, normal Chinese fetus"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008292,CT scan in horizontal view showing the synostosis of the left side.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008293,Chest X-ray of our patient on admission
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008294,"Repeat CT abdomen/pelvis on hospital day 9. Red arrow indicates a large 8.4 cm complex collection with surrounding mesenteric edema in the right lower quadrant is contiguous with the cecum, ascending colon, and terminal ileum."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008295,MRI demonstrating a large mass within the gallbladder (white arrow) and one of the two gallstones (red arrow) identified.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008296,Repeat head CT scan showing resolved pneumocephalus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008297,Antenatal ultrasound at 30 weeks of gestation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008298,Pelvic x-ray at time of presentation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008299,Acetabular cavity cement spacer with antibiotic.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008300,Pelvic x-ray after total hip replacement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008301,"Axial T1-weighted image of a 32-year-old male patient who sustained a compression fracture of the L1 vertebra in a road traffic accident with bilateral lamina fracture, disruption of the ligamentum flavum, intact left facet joint capsule, and thoracodorsal fascia. Because the right facet joint capsule cannot be identified with certainty as intact or disrupted, it is characterized as incompletely disrupted."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008302,Chest X-ray of a 31-year-old woman.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008303,Left anterior oblique (LAO) view of angiography with cranial (CRA) angulation showing excellent grade 3 TIMI flow after stenting of LAD
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008304,CTPA showing enlarged lingular lymph node (blue arrow)CTPA: computed tomography pulmonary angiogram
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008305,CTPA showing enlarged left atrium (blue arrow)CTPA: computed tomography pulmonary angiogram
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008306,T2 MRI STIR.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008307,MR angiography of cerebrospinal vessels.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008308,"PET imaging of the abdomen.The image shows diffuse high-intensity lesions on the peritoneum, centering on the right lower quadrant.PET: positron emission tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008309,Axial CT image showing intraventricular hemorrhage in a COVID-19 patient with ECMO
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008310,Radiofrequency ablation at a certain distance from the hepatic portal vein under ultrasound guidance (the white arrow points to the radiofrequency ablation probe and the orange arrow points to the hepatic segment portal vein).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008311,The original testing medical image.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008312,"Radiography of the infant on the day of deterioration, with non-specific signal characteristics in abdomen, such as distended abdomen and poor distribution of bowel gas."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008313,Chest X-ray in AP position showing a magnified cardiac silhouette and moderate right-sided pleural effusion noted with possible underlying atelectasis. There is perihilar congestion with a prominence of upper lobe vessels noted.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008314,"Computed tomography image (coronal view) showing a small lung abscess with air–fluid level (arrow) in the upper lobe of the right lung. Also, note the periarticular abscess around the right shoulder joint (arrowhead) that resulted from septic arthritis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008315,Computed tomography image (axial view) showing multiple small splenic abscesses (arrowhead) with minimal perisplenic fluid collection (arrow) that resulted from the abscess rupture.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008316,Contrast-enhanced CT scan showing a heterogeneously enhancing mass lesion involving the head of the pancreas (arrow) and the second part of the duodenum (D2) with cystic spaces (triangle)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008317,pacemaker implantation on chest X-ray
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008318,"Male patient, aged 62 years four days from onset of symptoms. Wide patches of ground glass infiltration and dense large vessels"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008319,"Female patient aged 47 years, with single nodule with Halo sign"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008320,"the cerebral CT scan also shows the right frontal ventriculoperitoneal shunt valve in place, with normal-sized ventricles"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008321,CT revealing excessive spherical masses with gas in the bladder (arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008322,Preoperative ultrasound imaging of the periprosthetic fluid collection
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008323,"Preoperative contrast-enhanced CT scan of the periprosthetic fluid collection. CT, computed tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008324,Diameter of aortic root 55.19 mm × 67.09 mm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008325,Chest X-ray of the patient showing right pleural effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008326,Chest X-ray of patient showing resolution of right pleural effusion on hospital admission day 7.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008327,Preoperative radiographic evaluation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008328,Periapical radiograph showing third root in left mandibular first primary molar.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008329,Postsurgery panoramic X-ray showing the amplitude of the bone resection and the choice of reinforcement using a 2.0 reconstruction plate at the basal margin.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008330,Radiograph showing the Erlenmeyer flask deformity of the distal femur.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008331,"Chest, abdomen, and pelvis CT scan of Patient #1 with contrast (2.9× magnification).CT: computerized tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008332,"Chest, abdomen, and pelvis CT scan of Patient #2 (2.9× magnification).CT: computerized tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008333,"Chest radiograph of a neurocysticercosis patient. Numerous small calcific lesions in the soft tissue can be seen, suggestive of calcified granulomas related to cysticercosis (easily found in the yellow rectangular areas)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008334,"Chest X-ray anterior-posterior view obtained in the emergency department, showing a large right pleural effusion (yellow arrows) and a small left pleural effusion. L: Left side"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008335,"TVUS transverse right adnexa, total 7.93 cm in width, with a 3.5cm diameter simple cyst. TVUS: transvaginal ultrasound; TV: transvaginal; TRANS RT ADNEXA: transverse right adnexa"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008336,"TVUS transverse left adnexa, 5.84 cm in width, with a simple cyst.TVUS: transvaginal ultrasound; EV: endovaginal; TRANS LT ADNEXA: transverse left adnexa"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008337,"Echocardiography showed no residual or recurrent tumour in the right ventricle at postoperative Day 7. RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008338,"Colonic transit time in a 72-year-old male PD patient.White spots in the entire colon are radiopaque markers (erect, anterior-posterior)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008339,"Coronal T2-weighted MRI at the level of the optic chiasm as an imaging parameter of the anterior perforated substance. The imaginary line (the Optic Chiasm – Insular Recess line) is drawn, from the optic chiasm medially to the insular recess laterally, to identify the anterior perforated substance (yellow line). The Porto Alegre line (Red Line) is as ascendent line from the lateral end of the OC-IR line and represents the lateral limit of the lateral LSTa inside the central core. In cases which the medial border of insular tumor crosses this line medially there is a great probability of involvement of the LSTa by the tumor."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008340,"Frontal chest radiograph on admission day 12, performed after intubation and cardiac arrest 2.5 hours after completion of plasma transfusion. The radiograph showed the endotracheal tube 4.9 cm above the carina, the right internal jugular central venous line tip in the superior vena cava, no pneumothorax, diffuse infiltrates/consolidations bilaterally (right greater than left). These findings were significantly worse than those observed in the morning; the pneumomediastinum was less conspicuous because of worsening lung disease."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008341,Endoscopic ultrasound of upper gastrointestinal tract showing dilated common bile duct.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008342,Abdominal ultrasound showing multiple gallstones.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008343,Axial CT abdominal scan showing a grossly distended gallbladder with multiple calculi and sludge within. Pericholecystic fluids are present in the gallbladder surrounding.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008344,Diffuse centrilobular nodularity.CT image of a current smoker (30 pack-years) shows ill-defined diffuse centrilobular nodules in the upper lobes (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008345,The outlines of oesophageal cancer manually drawn on contrast-enhanced CT data. CT = computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008346,CT transverse image of the thorax of the dog number 2 with pneumothorax secondary to multiple bullae after a road traffic accident. A bulla in the right hemithorax and another in the left are indicated in the image (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008347,"Right-lateral thoracic radiographic of the same dog in Figure 3, 24 hours after autologous blood patch pleurodesis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008348,Sagittal T2-weighted magnetic resonance image at 33 weeks’ gestation. The thin hypointense interface between the placenta and the myometrium is preserved (arrowheads). The internal cervical os is indicated by an arrow. P: placenta
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008349,Portable chest X-ray on the day of admission showing new patchy infiltrates bilaterally.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008350,Computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the chest taken on the day of admission showing bilateral diffuse parenchymal opacities right greater than left with interlobular septal thickening and some mild central bronchiectasis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008351,Axial CT scan showing closure of fistula (black arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008352,Posteroanterior chest Xray showing cavitary lesions with multiple air fluid levels silhouetting the right heart border and right hemidiaphragm accompanied by a mild right-sided pleural effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008353,Normal structure and function of bioprosthetic valve (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008354,Coronal imaging of the hypophysis on a 3-T T1-weighted MRI image
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008355,"MRI abdomen: the encircled area highlights the gallbladder, which has an asymmetrically thickened wall with a linear, crescent-like signal void in the medial aspect"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008356,ERCP: the arrow points toward the leakage of biliary contrast from the gallbladder into the duodenum. ERCP: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008357,Ultrasound image showing (A) bright reflection from tip of epiglottis (B) double reflection parasagittal surface (upper) and midsagittal surface (lower) of the tongue blade.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008358,A moderate amount of intraperitoneal gas is present anteriorly to the small bowel.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008359,PCI was ultimately identified retrospectively using lung window settings.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008360,"Axial orbital MRI (T1FS) showed that the enhancing infiltrative lesion involved the right sphenoid sinus, clivus, prepontine cistern, and right-side cavernous sinus. It also encapsulated the right ICA and caused moderate luminal narrowing."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008361,Oblique view misjudging the correct diagnosis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008362,Lateral view shows a clear Salter Harris type I fracture of distal phalanx of the toe.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008363,Graphical representation of measuring lines and points.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008364,"CTA image 1The image shows the narrowing of abdominal aorta distal to celiac artery and superior mesenteric artery and proximal to the inferior mesenteric artery (black arrows), and the internal thoracic artery-inferior epigastric artery collateral is one of the collaterals supplying blood flow to the lower extremity. CTA: computed tomography angiography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008365,"Monosodium urate (MSU) deposit in a dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) of the knee.Coronal DECT shows color-coded green MSU deposits in the right knee affecting the medial and lateral collateral ligaments, cruciate ligaments, and intracondylar fossa."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008366,Measurements of a) pedicle length and b) pedicle thickness.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008367,"Angiography of the left side of the chest showing a dextrocardia (*), a thrombosed left internal jugular vein, 1  a thrombosed left brachiocephalic vein, 2  a free LSVC, 3  and a left azygos vein  4  "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008368,"Angiography of the right side of the chest showing a free right jugular vein, 5  and a free right brachiocephalic vein  6  connected to the LSVC"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008369,Cross-sectional images of the computed tomography scan showed the dissection of the right external iliac artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008370,"Completion angiography after stenting showed fully restored blood flow into the right iliofemoral axis. A hydrophilic guidewire was used to cross the true lumen of the dissected common iliac artery into the superficial femoral artery, and 2 stents were successfully deployed."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008371,Thorax CT scan showing bilateral pleural effusion and parenchymal densification of the left lung. Gray arrows: bilateral pleural effusion; red arrow: parenchymal densification of the left lung.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008372,Postoperative radiograph after cementless total hip replacement with ceramic to ceramic bearing surface.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008373,CT scan showing mass lesion in caecum (Sagittal section).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008374,Supra-aortic arteries CT scan showed an occlusion of the right internal carotid artery (striped right arrow) and left bulbar.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008375,Axial section of cerebral CT scan in MIP (maximum intensity projection) reconstruction showing 2 aneurysms in the right M1 branch (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008376,"Intragastric nasogastric tube (or orogastric tube). The gastric POCUS technique found in the literature: The NGT was visualized using the curvilinear transducer or the phased transducer (with the iScan feature to optimize the view). Probe frequency was adapted to the size of the patient. The child was positioned in a dorsal decubitus position. The transducer was positioned in the middle of the epigastric region, allowing for visualization of the tube passing through the cardia and entering the gastric area. Then the transducer was positioned in the upper right quadrant toward the duodenum, to verify whether the tube was entering the pylorus. The correct position of the NGT corresponded to a hyperechogenic line passing through the cardia with its length continuing within the gastric area but not entering the pylorus. Otherwise, the transducer was placed transversely over the xiphisternum and was fanned downward and aimed toward the left upper quadrant to visualize the gastric body through the left lobe of the liver. Then, sagittal and transverse sweeps were performed over the epigastric area. If the NGT was not identified, the transducer was placed over the left flank in the sagittal position using the spleen as a window. The study was considered positive when the NGT could be visualized in the stomach as two parallel hyperechoic lines."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008377,The frontal chest X-ray shows several excavated opacities
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008378,Thoracic CT scan (performed after the second bolus of cyclophosphamide) showed radiological improvement of excavated nodules with the disappearance of condensation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008379,Computed tomography of the thorax demonstrating pulmonary nodules with multifocal ground-glass opacification suggestive of nonspecific pneumonia in patient 1.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008380,Computed tomography of the thorax demonstrating significant obstruction in the left upper lobe and left lower lobes of the left lung in case 2.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008381,Computed tomography findings in case 3.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008382,Manual alpha angle measurement. ‘hc’ = center of the femoral head. ‘nc’ = center of the femoral neck located at the neck's most narrowed point. ‘A’ = point where the distance from the bone to the center of the femoral head exceeds the radius of the best-fit circle around the femoral head
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008383,Computed tomography axial view with intravenous contrast of the abdomen of a 60-year-old female with bilateral lower extremity swelling. Multiple hepatic lesions are demonstrated (white arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008384,Chest X-ray showed widespread bilateral reticular shadowing air space disease (Pre-procedure)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008385,CT demonstrating severe edema of the pterygoid and masseter muscles with fat stranding.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008386,Results of post coronary rotation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008387,Results of re-examination (postoperative)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008388,Suspected tumor mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008389,"Right BAHA implant visualized on CT scan prior to bisphosphonate therapy on June 23, 2010BAHA: Bone-anchored hearing aids."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008390,"CT scan showing bone loss at the left implant site one month prior to extrusion on November 23, 2013"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008391, X-ray in the lateral position. Contrast scan showing the position of the puncture needle in the sacrococcygeal joint (SCJ).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008392,Surgical corridor through the favorable nasopalatine angle (NPL: Nasopalatine line or Kassam line; HPL: hard palate line).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008393,T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging showing complete absorption of the hematoma 1 year later.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008394,"CT thorax showing sub-pleural mass forming an acute angle with the pleura (yellow arrow).CT, computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008395,"CT brain without contrast. No acute intracranial bleed, mass, or midline shift was noted."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008396,"CXR demonstrates diffuse bilateral airspace opacities, new when compared to prior from approximately five months ago."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008397,"Coronal turbo inversion recovery magnitude MR image of the brain illustrating slit ventricles (long arrow), bilateral hygromas (short arrows), and subtle signs of myelopathy (arrow head)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008398,Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography findings. Small bowel loops with caliber change and edematous mesentery are in the right lower abdomen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008399,"Lung peri-hilar mass obliterating the left main bronchus. A large lung mass located in the left peri-hilar and peri-cardiac regions is apparent; it is spiculated and poorly defined, which, in association with the impressive hypereosinophilia that the patient presented with, made the diagnosis of lung malignancy likely."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008400,"Lung peri-hilar mass hiding behind the cardiac shadow. In the coronal view, we can see that the lung mass, albeit its important size, is largely hidden behind the cardiac silhouette, which justified why it was not apparent in the posteroanterior view of the X-ray."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008401,"Vertebrae metastasis. The staging also intended to search for eventual bone involvement and found a metastasis in the fifth thoracic vertebra, which was marked with a gray arrow."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008402,"Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed that the small intestine (arrow), which had an edematous wall with poor contrast enhancement, had invaginated into the remnant stomach"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008403,Chest x-ray done three months after initial treatment of GPAThe image shows improvement in cavitary lesions when compared with prior imaging as seen in Figure 1.GPA: granulomatosis with polyangiitis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008404,Two-week postoperative weightbearing radiograph appreciating well-seeded calcium phosphate injection. Patient successfully returned to full pain-free baseline activity at this time.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008405,MDCT scan two weeks after LVD procedure demonstrates significant hypertrophy of segments 2/3 (FRL of 552 mL)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008406,"CT of the abdomen and pelvis without contrast. Abdominal CT demonstrating gas in the renal collecting system, with the black arrow demonstrating gas in the ureter with hydroureter and the white arrow showing thickened bladder wall with perivesicular edema."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008407,X-ray KUB showing a large radiopaque density with branching pattern conforming to renal pelvis and calyces indicative of right staghorn calculus. There is another even bigger round to oval-shaped radiopaque density within the pelvic cavity suggestive of a giant bladder calculus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008408,"Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain with and without contrast showing increased T2 signal in the medial thalamus bilaterally (yellow arrows), consistent with Wernicke’s encephalopathy performed during hospital admission."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008409,"Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain with and without contrast showing improving T2 signal in the medial thalamus bilaterally with mild residual abnormal increased T2 signal persisting (yellow arrows), performed approximately seven months after hospital admission."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008410,Post-operative chest X-ray showing a representative image of severe pulmonary infection.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008411,"Acute edematous and bulky inferior part of the head and uncinate process of the pancreas with peripancreatic fluid collection (arrow) noted in infra pancreatic region, pancreaticoduodenal groove and precaval region."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008412,The peripancreatic fluid (arrows) extends into the right side anterior pararenal and paracolic gutters and then eventually into the right lateral pelvic wall and presacral region.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008413,Chest X‐ray: It showed enlargement of cardiac outline with the absence of pulmonary infiltratesreference
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008414,"T2-weighted images of the mass (red arrow) demonstrating hyperintensity consistent with edema or inflammation.LV: left ventricle, RV: right ventricle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008415,"Axial high-resolution T2-weighted MRI showing atrophic changes affecting the optic nerve bilaterally, with prominent CSF in the optic sheath, with no infratentorial abnormal signal intensity."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008416,"Solid ameloblastoma mimicking apical periodontitis. Well-defined unilocular radiolucency in the anterior maxilla extending from the right central incisor to the left first premolar, casuing displacement of the upper left central and lateral incisors (Courtesy: Drs. Marília Heffer Cantisano, Geraldo Oliveira Silva-Júnior, and Thays Teixeira - Stomatology section, Policlínica Piquet Carneiro, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008417,"Solid ameloblastoma mimicking apical periodontitis. Well-defined unilocular radiolucency in the anterior mandible extending from the left lateral incisor to the right second premolar, causing teeth displacement and root resorption (Courtesy: Drs. Roberto Bastos and Henrique Martins da Silveira - Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Pedro Ernesto, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008418,"Demonstration of the measurement technique in axial view of MRI. The femoral transepicondylar width (FW) is the distance from the most prominent point of medial femoral epicondyle (ME, arrow) to the most prominent point of the lateral femoral epicondyle (LE, arrowhead)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008419,CXR of Case 4 showing bilateral non-homogenous opacities (black arrows)CXR: chest x-ray
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008420,Chest CT showing an upper right lobar bronchus stenosis (white arrowhead)CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008421,PET-CT showing a hypermetabolic lesion (white arrowhead)PET-CT: positron emission tomography-computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008422,Chest CT showing an upper right lobe nodule (black arrowhead)CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008423,PET-CT showing the hypermetabolic state of the nodule (white arrowhead)PET-CT: positron emission tomography-computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008424,Color Doppler showing the blood flow around the embolus
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008425,"Fistulogram through the umbilical fistula showing communication with the common bile duct (CBD), ventro-dorsal view, in a 1-year-old male French Bulldog. It is possible to observe the aberrant bile duct (ABD) meeting the CBD, after the left and right hepatic duct (LHD and RHD, respectively) gathering. The spread of contrast to the gastro-intestinal tract (stomach, duodenum, and jejunum) can also be observed."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008426,"Non-contrasted CT scan, sagittal cut, showing recurrence along with cervical spine metastasis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008427,Lateral cervical radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008428,"Latero‐lateral radiograph of the craniodorsal thorax; cranial is to the left, image on admission. Due to the presence of air in the mediastinum the outlines of the mediastinal contents such as the oesophagus (O), major vessels (A) aorta, (PA) pulmonary arteries, (PV) pulmonary veins, (CVC) caudal vena cava‐cardiac outlines (black arrows) and outlines of the trachea (T) are abnormally well visualised. A pneumomediastinum was diagnosed. (H) heart, (D) diaphragm"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008429,"Left latero‐lateral radiograph of the caudodorsal thorax; cranial is to the left, image from day 7. Arrows outline the caudodorsal margins of the left and right collapsed lung lobes consistent with bilateral pneumothorax. The triangular radiolucent area in the caudodorsal pleural cavity is smaller than in the radiograph shown in Figure 2 "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008430,"Right latero‐lateral radiograph of the craniodorsal area of the abdomen, image from day of discharge (day 21). Indicating gas‐filled large intestinal loops (arrows) surrounded by small amount of free air in the abdominal cavity (arrowheads)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008431,Chest X-ray. Chest X-ray at admission showing clear lungs bilaterally.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008432,Brixia score 14-15
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008433,Brixia score 8-9
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008434,"CT chest soft tissue window showing right subclavian lymph nodes, with the largest measuring 19.54 mm, on 06/12/2017"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008435,CT chest lung window showing right upper lobe lung nodule during chemotherapy on 11/27/2017
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008436,CT chest lung window showing the increased size of the lung nodule to 14.61 x 8.46 mm on 03/12/2018
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008437,CT chest soft tissue window showing resolved right subclavian lymphadenopathy on 10/26/2018
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008438,CT chest lung window showing stable lung field with a resolution of a prior nodule on 04/26/2021
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008439,"AP chest X-ray showing large amounts of subdiaphragmatic free air, bilaterally (arrows)AP: anteroposterior"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008440,Axial CT of the abdomen showing large pneumoperitoneum (arrow)CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008441,Coronal T2 MR image of the left hip with fat saturation demonstrating the iliopsoas tendon with the torn aspect surrounded by edema (*)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008442,"Axial T2 MR image of the pelvis with multiple findings, including right greater trochanter bursal distention, partial tear of the right semimembranosus tendon at its ischial attachment and the left iliopsoas tendon stump with surrounding edema (*) that tracks posteriorly toward the lesser trochanter"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008443,Ultrasound views at 24 weeks and 4 days of gestation showing multiple dilatation of the bowel loops filled with fluid.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008444,Chest CT with contrast.Chest CT scan demonstrating multiple lung cavitations (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008445,Chest X-ray three months after discharge.Chest X-ray taken three months after discharge from hospital demonstrating complete resolution of changes demonstrated earlier.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008446," Abdominal computed tomography angiography. Abdominal computed tomography angiogram demonstrating a partly unopacified right kidney suggestive of kidney infarction (orange arrow), and occlusive thrombus in the right renal artery (white arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008447,CT Brain. Arrow indicates left middle cerebral artery territory stroke.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008448,Flouroscopy. Arrow indicates inferior vena cava filter.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008449,"Transthoracique echocardiography subcostal view, arrow indiates septal occluder device in position."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008450,"Demonstration of atlanto-dental interval (ADI), space available for cord at C1 (SAC), and basion axial interval (BAI) measurements. Note the basion is anterior to the line tangent to the posterior body of C2."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008451,Brain CTHaemorrhagic lesion (arrow) in the left lenticulocapsular region and tetraventricular haemorrhage with ectasia of the left ventricular system and moderate hydrocephalus
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008452,CT of the chest revealing mediastinal lymphadenopathy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008453,AP radiograph of the left shoulder demonstrating a comminuted proximal humerus fracture with posterior humeral head dislocation. AP: anteroposterior X-ray view
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008454,Lateral radiograph of the left shoulder demonstrating a comminuted proximal humerus fracture with posterior humeral head dislocation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008455,Final intraoperative fluoroscopic radiograph following plate and screw fixation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008456,Chest X-ray on admission showed normal lung parenchyma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008457,"Patient with wide symphysis resection after SAS debridement. At the 6 weeks follow-up, the patient was able to stand on one leg and walk with two crutches. The examination was performed at the Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008458, Lateral view neck X-ray
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008459,Chest X-ray showing normal cardiac shadow with a mechanical mitral valve in place and a prominent pulmonary vascular marking with bilateral diffuse interstitial edema.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008460,X-ray displaying the implantation of RNS device with 2-depth electrodes each with four contacts targeting the ANT and 2-strips in the prefrontal cortex of a 34-year-old patient with genetic generalized epilepsy; only the right ANT depth and right cortical strip were attached to the RNS device. Adapted with permission from Herlopian et al. (2019).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008461,Post-operative intra oral periapical radiograph with access sealed with composite resin after a month
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008462,"Coronal section of CT abdomen showing perinephric collection (red arrow). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008463,Abdominal X-rays with a calcified cyst at the left upper quadrant of the abdomen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008464,"Ultrasound biomicroscopy of right eye showing anterior iris insertion with anteriorly positioned ciliary body (arrow). The anterior chamber (AC), ciliary body (CB), cornea (C), iris (I), lens (L), posterior chamber (PC), and sclera (S) are annotated."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008465,"MRI T1-weighted images, axial sections − first admission, hospital day 1."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008466,"Posteroanterior chest radiograph on admission showing congestive changes, left-sided pleural effusion (arrow), and basilar underaeration."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008467,Mid-esophageal two-chamber view with omniplane angle of 71 degrees revealed a left-sided mass adjacent to the interatrial septum
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008468,Mid-esophageal aortic valve long-axis view revealed the left-sided mass to be 9.01 square centimeters in area and 7.11 centimeters in length
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008469,Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiogram with mid-esophageal aortic valve long-axis view revealed the left atrial mass prolapsing into the left ventricle
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008470,"CT scan of the chest without contrast showing consolidative opacity in the lateral basal left lower lobe, as well as small portion of the lingula. (A higher resolution / colour version of this figure is available in the electronic copy of the article)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008471,"Portable chest radiograph showing a large, right-sided pleural effusion causing a shift of the mediastinum to the left side."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008472,Pseudoaneurysm 8 years after VSRR located beneath the subannular stiches.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008473,An irregular high-density shadow was present in the left upper ureter.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008474,MRI brain showing hyperintensity of the left thalamus in T2 (arrow indicates the lesion).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008475,CT scan of the chest revealed mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy (red arrow indicating mediastinal nodes; yellow arrows indicating hilar nodes).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008476,A magnified four-chambered view of the heart with slight probe angulation shows a defect in the membranous part of the interventricular septum (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008477,Color Doppler showing the right to left shunting of blood through the ventricular septal defect.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008478,"T2 weighted image showing spinal cords (arrowheads) from each brain entering into a common spinal canal (arrow). The cystic lesion is noted around the neck (star), suggesting cystic hygroma."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008479,Angiographic view of placement of Solysafe® Septal Occluder over the guide wire to the defect area.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008480,Immediate postoperative image
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008481,"Post-reduction pelvis radiograph demonstrating bilateral concentric hip reductions and redemonstrating pubic symphysis widening (black line), left sacral fracture (two right arrows), and right sacroiliac joint widening (left arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008482,Coronal view of the pelvis computed tomography scan demonstrating non-displaced left sacral ala fracture
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008483,Axial view of the pelvis computed tomography scan demonstrating no widening at the right sacroiliac joint with left-sided sacral ala fracture re-demonstrated
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008484,Anterior-posterior pelvis post-operative radiograph demonstrating interval hardware placement and reduction of right sacroiliac joint and pubic symphysis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008485,Thoracoabdominal-pelvic CT: calcified atheromatosis of the entire aorta.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008486,Thoracic CT: Esophageal mass merged with the trachea.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008487,Pelvic antero-posterior radiograph at 1 year after the total right hip arthroplasty.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008488,Pelvic Magnetic Resonance Imaging showing the complete bilateral agenesis of the tensor of the fasciae latae muscles.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008489,Linear measurements of the posterior nasal width (PNW) and the posterior nasal floor width (PNFW) in the coronal plane.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008490,Anteroposterior erect chest radiograph at presentation. Frontal view of chest radiograph showing bilateral patchy infiltrates most pronounced in the right lower lobe concerning for multifocal pneumonia. Right PICC line and cardiac recorder device noted in the left anterior chest wall.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008491,Contrast enhanced MR lymphangiography image demonstrating an abnormal lymphatic structure between the cisterna chyli and the duodenum. Dynamic images (not shown here) revealed probable leakage into the duodenum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008492,"Free air and pneumatosis intestinalis adjacent to the descending colon/hepatic flexure, coronal view."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008493,MRI-T2 weighted axial section showing mucosal enhancement of left maxillary sinus (blue arrow) with left cheek abscess (yellow arrow) anterior to the maxillary sinus T: transverse relaxation time
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008494,"MRI brain, axial view showing partial thrombus in the cavernous portion of ICA (red arrow), left ethmoidal sinusitis (blue arrow), and meningeal enhancement over temporal lobes bilaterally (yellow arrow)ICA: internal carotid artery"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008495,Low-energy mammogram in medio-lateral oblique (MLO) position of the left breast demonstrates giant breast mass with no calcifications
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008496,"Axial HRCT scan of a 52-year-old male revealed pneumothorax on the right side. A cavitary lesion with irregular margins and few internal septations was detected in the right middle lobe, indicating the likelihood of a fungal infection within the cavity. A culture test revealed that the patient had candidiasis. Mechanical ventilation was the cause of the pneumothorax. Cavity formation might be caused by invasive candidiasis, mechanical ventilation, or a combination of the two"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008497,Computed tomography scan of the chest showing a right pleural effusion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008498,CT scan of the abscess at the level of the sternoclavicular joint.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008499,"Linear measurements of the distances between the mandibular incisive canal (MIC) and the basal (10.33 mm), vestibular (2.15 mm) and lingual (4.31 mm) cortical bone surfaces."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008500,Initial abdominal and pelvic computed tomography with contrast showing an ill-defined round density mass (white arrow) measuring 2.5 cm in greatest diameter adherent to or arising from the posterior margin of the abdominal wall.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008501,Abdominal ultrasound scan on admission showing spleen with heterogeneous echotexture and poorly defined contours.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008502,"Contrast-enhanced CT scan (axial plane) on admission showing heterogeneous splenomegaly with several hyperdense areas, corresponding to intrasplenic and subcapsular hematomas together with rupture of the splenic capsule."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008503,Contrast-enhanced CT scan (axial plane) 24 hours after admission showing splenic vein thrombosis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008504,"Fat-suppressed T2 weighted image (sagittal view) showed a hyperintense lession,the size was 3.2 cm × 1.9 cm × 2.1 cm"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008505,Balloon cholangiogram.A stent placed into the main bile duct bridging the distal common bile duct stricture.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008506,"MRI presentation of the tumor. MRI revealed a solid mass involved the nasal cavity and sinuses, destroying bone tissue."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008507,Pneumothorax seen on the right side
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008508,"The sagittal T1-weighted post contrast thoracic MRI shown above illustrated a single enhancing lesion at T7/T8.MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, T: thoracic "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008509,The axial T2-weighted thoracic MRI documented ring enhancement with a central low signal intensity intramedullary lesion.  
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008510,The axial T2-weighted thoracic MRI confirmed an intramedullary hypointense lesion with peripheral enhancement.  
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008511,CT image of pneumonitis of pembrolizumab-treated cancer patient. With permission of Hungarian Society of Clinical Oncology (5).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008512,"Ultrasound of left testicle: heterogeneous, dysmorphic left testicle with multiple large areas of internal hypoechogenicity, and a disruption of the capsule. Hypervascularity and edema within the epididymis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008513,Preoperative CT scan: axial view shows 4.7 x 3.5 cm left ethmoid lobulated hyperdense lesion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008514,Preoperative CT scan: coronal view shows lesion extension from left ethmoid sinus into left orbital cavity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008515,Echocardiographic image showing pericardial effusion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008516,"Contrast-enhanced CT axial view shows a giant localized hepatohilar mass, presenting poor and inhomogeneous enhancement, ~150 mm in size. The tumour compresses the neighbouring organs, however, the lumens of portal vein (arrow head) keeps the patency, and no intrahepatic bile duct dilatation is found."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008517,MRI of the neck showing ECT (arrow) is in the same intensity as the normal thymus tissue (asterisk)MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging ECT: Ectopic cervical thymus
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008518,"Standing lateral radiograph of an equinovarus left foot, showing the tibiocalcaneal angle which was utilized as the radiographic measure for equinus."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008519,"Standing anteroposterior radiograph of both feet, in a ten-year-old girl, before surgery. The landmarks for measuring the talo-navicular-coverage angle are indicated. On the left side, the value is positive indicating mild abduction of the forefoot. On the right/ spastic equinovarus side, the angle is negative, indicating marked abduction of the forefoot. The marked difference in anteroposterior talo 1st metatarsal angle is also obvious but not marked with arrows, in the interest of clarity."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008520,Axial image of abdominal CT shows diffuse thickening (arrow) of the gallbladder with a collapsed lumen (encircled)CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008521,"56 years old female patient. According to the CO-RADS category in terms of Covid pneumonia, a CO-RADS 3 patient had a ground glass parenchyma pattern (pattern 1) with a central lesion (white arrow), and the patient's total CT score value was 1 and the structured total CT score value was 1 according to HRCT scan"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008522,Computed tomography (CT) scan showing extensive carcinomatosis with multiple bulky necrotic masses.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008523,"Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis, indicating fibroids (red arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008524,Chest x-ray of the patient indicating pneumonia or aspiration (red arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008525,Follow-up MRI of the brain after the surgery (in December 2011). Axial post-contrast T1W image demonstrates a new enhancing nodule in the expected location of the cisternal segment of the left abducens nerve.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008526,Axial view of a CT abdomen/pelvis showing a hepatic lesion with multiple calcifications present (white arrows)CT: Computed Tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008527,Axial view of an MRI abdomen T-2 weighted imaging showing numerous hyperintense hepatic lesions. MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008528,"Axial view of a CT chest showing an eccentric, partially calcified, hypodense nodule (1.1 x 1.4 cm, white arrow) abutting and encroaching into the lower SVCCT: Computed Tomography, SVC: Superior Vena Cava"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008529, computed tomography axial image. Pneumoperitoneum (arrows) 
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008530,The plate of a hand highlighting the arthritic formation of the trapezium-metacarpal joint (circled area).Figure owned by Bordoni Bruno.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008531,Transesophageal echocardiography images. It shows the clot formation back to the device in the vertical vein.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008532,Cystic tumor on T2 sag MRI.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008533,B-mode ultrasound image of the common carotid artery (longitudinal axis) with tracing lines at the intima-lumen interface (red line) and the media-adventitia interface (green line). The pink colored line represents the outer lumen diameter
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008534,A postoperative T2-weighted image following a subtotal resection of the tumor shown by the arrow.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008535,Transvaginal ultrasound showing possible foreign body
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008536,"Measurement of radiological parameters. LCA, local Cobb angle; VWA, vertebral wedge angle; ABHR, anterior body height ratio (ABHR = h2 / [(h1 + h3) / 2] × 100%)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008537,PET-CT in coronal view of the mid-thoracic/axillary region showing approximately 2 cm axillary lymph nodes.PET-CT: positron emission tomography-computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008538,"Four-chamber echocardiographic demonstrating prominent left ventricular trabeculations. Left: Dilated left ventricle with arrowed lines illustrating deep myocardial recesses (pathological trabeculations). Right: Corresponding image with colour Doppler overlay illustrating blood flow into deep recesses. LV, left ventricle; RV, right ventricle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008539,"“Bear paw sign”: multiple, rounded, low density areas with enhancing rings arranged in a hydronephrotic pattern and hypoenhancement of the renal parenchyma (Small arrow). Multiple renal pelvis stones (Big arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008540," Axial multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) on lung  window demonstrates an isthmus of basal lung in continuity with the  right lung, extending across the midline between the heart anteriorly  and the aorta and vertebral body posteriorly. There is a distinct pleural  interface between the isthmus and the left lung. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008541,Chest computed tomography on admission to the referring hospital. Ground‐glass opacities and infiltrative shadows were observed in the lower lobes of the bilateral lungs with a subpleural predominance
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008542,"After the second admission, the preoperative chest radiograph showed nodular space in the right lung"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008543,"Abdominal CT with contrast showing a hyperintense, enhancing 1.9 cm soft tissue mass within the pancreatic tail distinct from the surrounding parenchyma.Arrows indicate the pancreatic mass and spleen."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008544,SPECT-CT/fusion imaging demonstrating splenic and ectopic radiotracer uptake.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008545,Cardiac echocardiography with D-loop ventricular morphology and right cardiac axis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008546,MRI showing atresia of the right external acoustic canal.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008547, Chest X-ray. The trachea is in the centre and the textures of both lungs are enhanced.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008548,Axial Soft Tissue Image with Contrast Administration Shows Bilateral Parapharyngeal Extension
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008549,CT scan showing irregular mass with central necrosis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008550,Abdominal X-ray showed moderately distended gas filled loops (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008551,Axial CT image of abdomen and pelvis showed an inflamed appendix (arrows). CT: computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008552,"Frontal chest radiograph showing the aortic knuckle (black arrow), apex of the heart (solid white arrow) and gastric bubble (arrowhead) all on the right."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008553,"Left lateral abdominal radiograph. Three well-defined rounded mineral opacities are visible caudal to the stomach, in the region of the pancreas. Note the focal lack of serosal detail in the cranial abdomen, just caudal to the liver"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008554,"Left limb of pancreas at second presentation. Note the marked enlargement of the pancreatic limb, multiple hyperechoic structures within the pancreatic parenchyma and the markedly hyperechoic surrounding mesentery"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008555,"Ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy revealed MEC of the breast, intermediate grade. MEC = mucoepidermoid carcinoma."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008556,"Coronal plane HRCT scan – Left side: caudal mastoid apex fracture (yellow arrow), with presence of SCE"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008557,"Axial plane HRCT scan – bilateral SCE evident at the level of C1‐C2, between the suboccipital muscles bilateraly"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008558,"Laterolateral X-Ray image of dog # 4, neutral position. Severe spondyloarthritis, narrow intervertebral disc space and thickened and sclerotic endplates can be seen."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008559,An anteroposterior view of total spine in standing position of a 30-year-old female patient with NF1 demonstrates a right thoracic curve of 12 degrees between 5th and 10th thoracic vertebras without signs of dystrophic malformations. (R: Right).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008560,Cranial CT scan showing an acute intracerebral haemorrhage with vasogenic edema
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008561,Apical five-chamber view demonstrating severe aortic stenosis with a maximum gradient of 86 mmHg.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008562,Computed tomography (CT) of the right lower extremity revealed punctate bubbles of gas in the subcutaneous tissue in the pelvis which extended to the medial right thigh consistent with NF ( arrow-marked area on the image)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008563,Patient 1: Postoperative radiograph of the right wrist showing changes of proximal row carpectomy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008564,Patient's brain MRI.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008565,"Coronal and axial fusion images of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) showing an increased elongated uptake corresponding to the distal part of the left external iliac vein and the proximal part of the femoral vein, with suspected phlebitis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008566,"A 61-year-old female patient with hypertension and diabetes. Pulmonary involvement: predominancy of GGO with peripheral, pleural-based distribution. Total pulmonary involvement (PI) score and PI density index were 6 and 1.2, respectively, and she was stratified as a low-risk patient in death predictive models."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008567,Preoperative CECT abdomen showing enhancing heterogenous transverse colon mass (arrow)CECT: contrast-enhanced computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008568,"Computed tomography scan, pulmonary embolism (PE) protocol. The red circle indicates the left pulmonary artery, which appears visually dilated, and the red arrows indicate the substantial, serpiginous thrombus burden, presumably arising from the isolated right ventricular noncompaction, consistent with a hemodynamically significant, submassive PE."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008569,CT with contrast (transverse image) with right-sided iliopsoas bursitis.CT: computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008570,An inguinal ovarian hernia. This is a transverse view with a linear high-frequency probe in sagittal orientation over the left inguinal area. The ovarian stalk (arrow) is seen to communicate with the abdomen. Color flow can be seen in the center of the ovary. The ovary is not edematous and is without secondary signs of ischemia such as surrounding free fluid.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008571,"Enlarged ovary (star) without secondary signs of torsion. This is a transverse view with a linear high-frequency probe. This ovary was found in an 11-year-old right presenting with ipsilateral lower abdominal pain. The diameter measured 3.6 centimeters. It lacks increased echogenicity indicative of edema, perifollicular enhancement. Gynecology evaluation found normal blood flow to the ovary."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008572,A torsed ovary with perifollicular edema. This is a sagittal view with a curvilinear low frequency probe of a torsed ovary in an 8-year-old. The ovary (star) is located to the left of the hypoechoic bladder. Perifollicular edema is represented by a hyperechoic ring (arrow) on the right side of the ovary.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008573,"Involuting corpus luteum. This ovary (arrow) was seen in a 14-year-old with ipsilateral lower abdominal pain, and was thought on POCUS to be torsed despite the presence of flow and isoechogenicity with the unaffected ovary. The structure demonstrated asymmetry in size when compared with the unaffected ovary, peripheralized follicles (arrowheads), and surrounding free fluid (triangle)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008574,Plain abdominal radiograph. This figure appears in color at
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008575,Computed tomography also revealed the presence of local invasion of the right hepatic pedicle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008576,Computed tomography revealing the patency of the graft as well as of the left hepatic pedicle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008577,"Chest x-ray on initial presentation, showing no infiltrate or any other significant changes"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008578,Placement of aortic cuff and molding of cuff with balloon protection of SMA bridging stent.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008579,"Coronal view of CT scan of the neck and thorax on mediastinal (soft tissue) window which showed diffuse thyroid gland enlargement, right side more than the left with retrosternal extension of the right lobe (as pointed by arrow). There are multiple hypodense nodules within both lobes and isthmus. The trachea is slightly displaced to left with 1.9 cm focal narrowing at the level of T1 vertebra, with the narrowest internal diameter of 0.7 cm. No cervical lymphadenopathy noted."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008580,Intraoral periapical radiograph showing odontome in the interradicular space in between the roots of deciduous molar
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008581," Axial post contrast computed tomography image showing retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy with encasement of celiac artery and portal vein (yellow asterisk). There are multiple hypoenhancing lesions in liver, spleen (orange arrow) and presence of chylous ascites (white arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008582,Initial chest CT-scan at the level of tracheal bifurcation directly after transfer to our ICU. The white arrows indicate bilateral ground glass opacities. Yellow arrows display the pneumomediastinum. The red arrow points at the thoracic drainage which was placed during the stay in the referring hospital.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008583,A 76-year-old woman with acute phlegmonous esophagitis. Lung window of an axial CT image at the liver dome level shows peri-bronchial ground-glass opacities and consolidations in both lower lobes.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008584,A 76-year-old woman with acute phlegmonous esophagitis. Endoscopic ultrasonographic image shows diffuse hypoechoic lesion (arrows) at the submucosal and inner muscularis layers of the esophagus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008585,Right side (red arrow) demonstrating elevated diaphragm compared to the left side (blue arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008586,Transabdominal ultrasonographic image of case 2 obtained from the right paralumbar fossa (R PLF) of a thickened (0.46 cm) small intestinal wall segment (arrows). Image was obtained at 5.5 to 8.5 MHz with a microconvex curvilinear transducer at a depth of 5.9 cm
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008587,Midsagittal magnetic resonance T1-weighted scan shows cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle and vermal hypoplasia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008588,MRI of the pelvis demonstrates a rectal mass spanning a length of 9 cm and located approximately 1 cm above the anorectal junction (red arrow). There are 7–8 enlarged lymph nodes adjacent to the mass in the mid rectum in the presacral space highly suspicious for nodal metastasis (yellow arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008589,MRI showed no significant pathology once patient awake.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008590,Validation images (coronary view) based on the porcine phantom. The orange (blue) intensity indicates that the CT value of the synthetic CT (verification CT) is bigger.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008591,CT chest showing multiple lesions in the lung suggestive of metastasis (black arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008592,"The artificial pneumothorax was created: Intraoperative scan was acquired with the patient in the supine position. the examination couch was adjusted to the level of the diaphragm dome on the puncture side. When the bevel tip of the 5-ml syringe needle reached the pleura, the syringe would be removed, a transparent rubber tube would be connected, and a little sterile saline would be injected into the tube to form a water column."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008593,"The artificial hydrothorax was created: Following the establishment of the artificial pneumothorax, the guide wire was inserted after the puncture needle gradually reached the pleural cavity containing the artificial pneumothorax, and an 8F central venous catheter was indwelled along the guide wire."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008594,"Intraoperative scan: the patient’s body position was adjusted to isolate the lesion and the adjacent vital organs, and the appropriate amount of normal saline was to form an isolation belt."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008595,Post-ablation scan: The lesion was achieved complete ablationthe: post-ablation ground-glass opacity around the post-ablation target zone should be at least 5 mm greater than the boundary of the gross tumor region.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008596,"Coronal image:Follow-up after 1 month found that the lesions were completely ablated, and no tumor lesions remained or recurred."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008597,Intimal flap seen on parasternal long-axis view (arrow) (point-of-care ultrasound)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008598,CT aortogram showing Stanford type A aortic dissection (arrow) (coronal view)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008599,Chest computed tomography (coronal view) showing large lung  abscess with dependent air-fluid level.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008600,"CT scan showing confluent multifocal white matter and basal ganglia hypoattenuation lesions.CT, computed tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008601,"MRI T2-weighted image showing multiple ring-enhancing lesions.MRI, magnetic resonance imaging"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008602,"CT demonstrating signs of BDA insufficiency (perihepatic collection, the presence of pneumobilia in the left liver lobe and a small amount of free intraperitoneal air). BDA, biliodigestive anastomosis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008603,Patient’s chest X-ray on arrival showed multiple nodular opacities in bilateral lungs (as indicated with the red arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008604,Axial computed tomography angiography image of the left brachial artery aneurysm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008605,Brain MRI showing cortico-subcortical atrophy and no evidence of brain metastasis or leptomeningeal disease.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008606,Chest CT taken at an outside hospital about 5 months prior to presentation demonstrates no abnormal mass lesion at the paraspinal area of the thoracic spine.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008607,Posterior-anterior chest x-ray on admission
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008608,Computerized tomography of the chest on admission
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008609,MRI imaging showing disseminated disease throughout the legs and abdomen
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008610,Distance between the lateral margins of the piriform fossa on both sides.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008611,"CT, the needle is seen perforated in the colonic wall."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008612,Brain MRI plain sagittal T2-weighted image shows dilated ventricular system with the fourth ventricle communicating with a large posterior fossa cyst compressing the brain stem anteriorly and pushing the hypoplastic cerebellar hemisphere superiorly.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008613,"Abnormal cerebral atrophy.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) depicting generalized cerebral atrophy with the prominence of the sulci, fissures, and ventricles, abnormal for the patient’s age."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008614,Thoracic CT scan of case 1: bilateral pneumatoceles and necrotizing pneumonia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008615,"Transient hip osteoporosis (T2 STIR sequence at the coronal level): Extensive disturbance of magnetic signal intensity of the right femoral head and neck with increased signal intensity on T2 STIR sequence, corresponding to bone edema (red arrows). The contour of the femoral head is kept normal. A small amount of fluid collection in the joint is seen (yellow arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008616,"Established RA: diffuse osteopenia, subluxations, joint space narrowing, bone erosions, and ankylosis affecting mostly the carpal and the carpometacarpal bones. Severe disease in a 50-year-old woman with a history of seropositive RA since the age of 31"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008617,Abdominal CT scan showing an intrasplenic lesion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008618,Control CT axial section after antibiotic therapy showing a stable aspect of the splenic abscess. CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008619,Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine in coronal view. The white arrow indicates compression fracture.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008620,Improved multifocal pneumonia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008621,"Brain Computed Tomography-scan with nodular, right insular lesion with cocoon enhancement and peri-lesional edema."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008622,CT scan showing the “Target Sign.”
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008623, Chest computed tomography shows pulmonary metastases progression from Hurthle cell thyroid cancer.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008624,Contrast axial view section shows an ill-defined margin between the exophytic mass and the kidney (curved yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008625,Coronal image of the retroperitoneal haematoma in portal venous phase.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008626,MRI brain showing posterior cerebral artery infarct (blue arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008627,Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) showing multiple atrial myxomas (red arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008628,"Brain CT scan showing no space occupying lesions nor hemorrhage in the parenchyma, a normal ventricular system with no hydrocephalus and no midline shift."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008629,Blowout fracture of the left orbital floor with no blood products in the maxillary sinus. Orbital emphysema can be seen superiorly and inferiorly.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008630,"Subcutaneous, subconjunctival, and orbital emphysema can all be observed in this single axial section."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008631,"Whole-body positron emission tomography and computer tomography imaging were performed with multi-planar imaging without oral or intravenous contrast material, revealing metastatic disease to lymph node (right external iliac lymph node measuring 2.5 × 4.2 cm), bone (medial aspect of the left clavicle, the posterior lateral aspect of the head of the left humerus, the posterior aspect of the T2 vertebral body, and the right iliac wing), lung (there are approximately 15 solid noncalcified pulmonary nodules in each lung, ranging between 2 and 10 mm), and bilateral adrenal glands."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008632,CT image demonstrating bilateral hydroureteronephrosis. Right > left indicated by arrows.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008633,High-resolution computed tomography of the thorax demonstrating multiple random nodules of varying size with some of them forming cavities
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008634,"Chest X-ray of a 40-year-old male coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient. Right pneumothorax of 30 mm. “Deep sulcus sign” was noted (black arrow). This patient developed pneumothorax after a cycle of non-invasive ventilation with a helmet interface. Ventilation was set at pressure support, 8 cm H2O; positive end-expiratory pressure, 10 cm H2O; and fraction of inspired oxygen, 0.55."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008635,"Right reverse shoulder arthroplasty demonstrating a 3.5 cm acromiohumeral distance. Such subacromial dead space caused by the ball-and-socket configuration is a risk factor for postoperative infection.Source: From , with permission."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008636,T2MRI of the entire spine showing an abnormal signal in the spinal canal and a hyperintensity of 5 mm in the anterior spinal canal likely intradural and extramedullary at the lower T9 level.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008637,Postoperative MRI axial view showing the little fluid collected at the intradural and extramedullary space where the tumor was located.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008638, Ground-glass nodule of right upper lobe in chest computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008639,MRI Pelvis T1 fluid sensitive STIR sequence with arrows pointing to abnormal muscle signal of the muscles of quadriceps femoris indicating myoedematous changes
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008640,CT image showing pancreatic injury
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008641,"(a) Anteverted uterus with the fundus near the pubic body. (b) Anteverted uterus in the most common position, close to perpendicular. (c) Anteverted uterus, above perpendicular, separated from the bladder. (d) Mildly retroverted uterus inserting at the apex of the vagina. (e) Markedly retroverted uterus inserting on the posterior wall of the vagina. Sample lines were drawn, and a sample measurement was placed on this image. The double layered line was drawn from the introitus of the vagina to the center of the surface of the cervix. The single layered line was drawn from this point parallel to the axis of the cervix."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008642,"Brain regions with higher ALFF values in the treatment group than in the control group. Note. The red part of the brain areas represents the brain areas of the treatment group, which had a higher ALFF value than the control group after treatment, and the blue part of the brain areas indicates the brain areas of the treatment group whose ALFF value was lower than that of the control group after treatment."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008643,"Brain regions with lower ALFF values in the treatment group than in the control group. Note. The red part of the brain areas represents the brain areas of the treatment group, which had a higher ALFF value than the control group after treatment, and the blue part of the brain areas indicates the brain areas of the treatment group whose ALFF value was lower than that of the control group after treatment."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008644,"Brain regions with increased f-ALFF values after and before treatment in the treatment group. Note. The red part of the brain areas indicates that the f-ALFF value of the treatment group after treatment was higher than the value before treatment, and the blue part of the brain areas means that the f-ALFF value of the treatment group after treatment was lower than that before treatment."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008645,Axial computed tomography image displaying the wire bristle with evidence of esophageal perforation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008646,"Axial T2 FLAIR, thalamic dorsomedial bilateral symmetric hyperintensity. FLAIR: fluid-attenuated inversion recovery"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008647,Post-Y-90 Bremsstrahlung SPECT/CT demonstrates uptake predominantly within the main right liver lobe lesion (GTV) with minor uptake into the Segment IVA lesion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008648,CT abdominal-pelvis scan. The image is showing left paratesticular liposarcoma measuring ~14cm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008649,"CT of the chest. White arrow shows extensive mixed sclerotic/lytic metastasis throughout the ribs. CT, computed tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008650,X-ray radiograph after plate removal in the Hook plate group
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008651, Parallel fixation of tillaux fracture.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008652,Postoperative computed tomography showing multiloculated fluid collection in perihepatic and perisplenic spaces. Red arrow indicates the point where bile leakage was found during surgery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008653,Coronal measurements
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008654, A typical PET scan of a BAT-negative subject.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008655,"11-month-old male infant with polysplenia syndrome operated for common atrioventricular canal.Findings: Abdominal CT scan in injected axial section showing a bilateral hyparterial bronchi (green arrows).Technique: Philips, 23 mL IV ultravist 300, kV 110, mA 93."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008656,"11-month-old male infant with polysplenia syndrome operated for common atrioventricular canal.Findings: Sagittal section reconstruction of an injected thoracic CT scan showing agenesis of the inferior vena cava with a suprahepatic vein (c) draining directly into the right atrium (d).Technique: Philips, 23 mL IV ultravist 300, kV 110, mA 93."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008657,"11-month-old male infant with polysplenia syndrome operated for common atrioventricular canal.Findings: Thoracic CT in injected axial section objectifying the azygos vein (g) located on the left which flows into the superior vena cava which is left (h).Technique: Philips, 23 mL IV ultravist 300, kV 110, mA 93."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008658,"11-month-old male infant with polysplenia syndrome operated for common atrioventricular canal.Findings: Chest CT scan with parenchymal window showing a mosaic lung with several frosted glass areas in relation to a perfusion disorder.Technique: Philips, 23 mL IV ultravist 300, kV 110, mA 93."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008659,CT evidence of acute pancreatitis with peri-pancreatic necrosis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008660,Computed tomography scan showing diffuse thickening of the stomach wall
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008661,"VOI definition for quantification of physiologic uptake. 99mTc-labelled denatured red blood cells single photon emission tomography (SPECT) is fused on low dose computed tomography (CT). Diameter of spherical 3D-VOIs: pancreas 1.5 cm, bone marrow 1.5 cm, spleen 3.0 cm, liver 3.0 cm."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008662,Contrast-enhanced abdominal CT scan shows a large heterogeneous mass adjacent to the inferior margin of the liver measuring (11.5 × 8.5 × 9 cm) and containing calcified areas (red arrows) and necrosis (blue arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008663," CT face without intravenous contrast with a sagittal view. Hard palate fracture (yellow arrow) and multiple bullet fragments at the sphenoid sinuses, ethmoid air cells, nasal cavity, posterior nasopharynx mucosa, and hard palate. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008664,"At 16-month follow-up, her slip had reduced to 30%. Pelvic tilt has decreased significantly and fusion mass is centered well over the hips. A good restoration of spinopelvic parameters is noted (sacral slope of 54°, pelvic tilt of 14°, lumbosacral angle of 12°, and lumbar lordosis of 64°)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008665,MRI liver revealed two metastases: (A) in segment VII and (B) straddling segments V and VI.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008666,Abdominal ct scan showed multipe metastasis in liver and free fluid around the liver and spleen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008667,"Digital zoom mammographic MLO projection of pleomorphic calcifications in a regional distribution within the tumor bed in a 56-year-old female two years post-BCS (blue star), which were found to be malignant at biopsy.MLO: mediolateral oblique"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008668,"The FN line, RMV, and UT line.This is an MRI T2-weighted image of a patient with pleomorphic adenoma. This picture shows the traditional radiological methods: FN line (solid line), RMV (dotted circle), and UT line (dotted line).FN: facial nerve; UT: Utrecht line; RMV: retromandibular vein."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008669,"MRI brain demonstrating the left vertebral artery causing chronic indentation on the medulla. Otherwise, mild chronic small vessel ischemic changes are visible. Tiny old lacunar infarct visible in the right cerebellar hemisphere."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008670,RUL apical bullous emphysema seen on chest CT scan
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008671,CXR showing increased RUL nodule size to 3.1 cm
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008672,Repeat chest CT scan demonstrating two new RUL nodules
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008673,Chest CT scan demonstrating two new left lung nodules
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008674,Computed tomography pulmonary angiogram showing right-sided renal malperfusion as shown by the pointed arrow
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008675,Computed tomography pulmonary angiography scan showing large left-sided haemothorax as shown by the pointed arrow
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008676,"Osteogenesis imperfecta in a premature neonate. Endotracheal tube and umbilical arterial and venous catheters were well placed. The patient is on a ventilator. Multiple fractures incurred in utero at various stages of healing; many with malunion, angulation, and bridging callus: multiple ribs bilaterally, left humerus, radii and ulnae, femora (segmental fractures in both), and fibulae.Case courtesy of Dr. Yair Glick, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 52436"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008677,"Cystourethrography showing the membranous urethral length (MUL, blue arrow) and position of vesico-urethral anastomosis (PVUA, yellow arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008678,Sagittal T2-weighted image with increased signal of the cyst lying just lateral to the semimembranosus tendon in the popliteal fossa.Selected sample MRI studies demonstrate the size of the cyst in relation to adjacent anatomical structures.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008679,Chest X-ray. Bilateral fluffy alveolar infiltrates predominantly affecting lower zones with blunting of both costophrenic angles.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008680,"Chest computed tomography (CT) scan with contrast. Scattered areas of patchy alveolar airspace opacities, as well as ground-glass opacities and bilateral pleural effusion."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008681,The arrow indicates rupture and bleeding of the mucosal artery of the renal pelvis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008682,Enhanced axial computed tomography image at the level of the upper trachea demonstrating a large thyroid mass (red asterisks) resulting in compression and right lateral displacement of the trachea (white asterisk).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008683,Positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan showing a focus of intense activity corresponding to the area of the pancreatic head (blue arrow) without a clear anatomical correlate.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008684,CT scan at 3 months postoperatively showed no recurrence.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008685,An image from computed tomography taken in 2006. A sheet-like foreign material (arrow) is observed in the preperitoneal space of the right midabdominal wall.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008686,Chest radiography revealed tracheal stenosis and right-sided deviation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008687,"Abdominal CT showing the pancreatic pseudocyst lesion in the transverse plane.CT, computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008688,"MRCP showed no evidence of bile duct stenosis.MRCP, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008689,"Abdominal CT showing no evidence of lesion recurrence at 4 months after stent insertion.CT, computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008690,"ERCP showed no evidence of lesion recurrence after 8 months.ERCP, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008691,PET-CT scan demonstrated right-sided pleural effusion due to inadvertent fluid overload secondary to hyperhydration for hypercalcemia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008692,CT scan of the chest shows esophageal-mediastinum fistula
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008693,Sagittal plane of lumbar spine showing compressed fracture of anterior column of L5 vertebra (blue arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008694,"Abdomen CT conducted at 3 months after cessation of miliary TB treatment. A newly defined presumed cold abscess within the left psoas muscle at the level of T10 to L2 and TB spondylitis at the T12 and L1 are observed. CT, computed tomography; TB, tuberculosis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008695,Coronal section of contrast CT scan of the abdomen.The arrow denotes circumferential thickening of the segment of the sigmoid colon causing a stricture and upstream dilatation of the loop of the colon. The lesion extends beyond the serosa and invades the adjacent rectum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008696,"Axial section of triphasic CT of the abdomen.The arrow depicts a hypoenhancing, space-occupying lesion in the segment IV of the liver with peripheral enhancement on the portal phase."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008697,CT axial image of a 47-year-old male patient with cystic mesothelioma showing nodular calcifications along the cyst walls (arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008698,CT image of a patient with malignant peritoneal mesothelioma and concurrent pleural disease shows pleural based nodules (arrow) and pleural effusion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008699,"T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the L3 level showed a high signal, indicating ischemia, in the left medulla of the lumbar spinal cord (yellow arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008700,A whole-body positron emission tomography showing a hypermetabolic mass in the lower posterior triangle of the right neck (blue arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008701,A repeat computed tomography of the chest after 2 months of treatment with BRAF/MEK inhibitor showing an enlarged mediastinal lymph node (blue arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008702,Axial computed tomography scan showing that the central venous catheter is located in the stomach.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008703,Axial computed tomography scan showing that the gastrostomy tube tip was placed into the stomach and fixed with the water balloon. No contrast medium extravasation was seen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008704,Display an anteroposterior view of an X-ray showing dynamic hip screw fixation of fracture fragments.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008705,Plain radiograph showing pathological fracture in the left humeral shaft.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008706,"Axial view of brain magnetic imaging resonance showing molar tooth sign (red circle), deep interpeduncular fossa (blue arrow) with thick and elongated superior cerebellar peduncles (red arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008707,CT showing a mass in the left spermatic cord (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008708,"US transverse scan sample acquired at the proximal carpal tunnel inlet. A red box includes the median nerve section; asterisks of different colors mark other relevant structures: pisiform bone profile in blue, semilunar bone profile in purple, ulnar artery in green, digital flexor tendons in orange"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008709,Two puncture needles are inserted into the foramen ovale.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008710,Computed tomography of the pelvis demonstrating a hetero-geneously enhanced solid cystic mass arising from the posterior wall of the uterus measuring 13.5×10×13.3 cm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008711,Patient's metatarsal motion fracture.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008712,Scrotal ultrasound. Arrow depicts calcifications identified on ultrasound
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008713,"Mid-esophageal aortic valve long-axis TEE view showing the Watchman device occluding the left ventricular outflow tract and aortic valve (TEE: transesophageal echocardiogram, LAA: left atrial appendage, LA: left atrium, LV: left ventricle, LVOT: left ventricular outflow tract, and AV: aortic valve)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008714,Computed tomography chest showing attenuation of the right pulmonary artery (arrow) and superior vena cava (dotted arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008715,Computed tomography chest showing dilation of the right internal jugular vein (arrow) in comparison to the left internal jugular vein.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008716,"Representative sagittal T2-weighted magnetic resonance image of the cervical spine obtained at 3 months after the onset of myelitis symptoms, showing a high T2 signal in C4 to C7 segments of the spinal cord."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008717,"Measurement of vertebral compression ratio is done using the following formula: B/[(A + C)/2]. A Anterior vertebral height of upper vertebra, B anterior vertebral height of fracture level, C anterior vertebral height of lower vertebra"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008718,Computed tomographic imaging: The enhanced computed tomographic (CT) scan revealed a mass of 30×40 mm in the upper pole of left renal that was classified as Bosniak category IV.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008719,MRI of the child's head
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008720,"Micturating cystourethrography in the micturating phase showed grade 5 reflux noted into the right renal pelvicalyceal system. Normal configuration of the urinary bladder with no contrast leak. During the micturating phase, grade 3 vesicoureteric reflux was noted on the upper pole of the left renal pelvicalyceal system."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008721,"Computed tomography scan of abdomen and pelvis I: showing well-circumscribed, complex pelvic mass (19 cm × 11.7 cm × 9.6 cm dimensions) and a solitary right kidney."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008722,"Plain chest radiograph of patient with COVID-19 and pleural fistula, with extensive thoracic and cervical subcutaneous emphysema. Presence of left pneumothorax slide and pigtail type Wayne chest drain"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008723,Chest computed tomography showing subpleural ground-glass shadows in the bilateral lower lobes. Typical image of acute interstitial pneumonia as coronavirus disease 2019.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008724,Axial contrast-enhanced abdominopelvic computed tomography image revealing intralesional fat (white arrow) and calcification (red arrow). Note the non-enhancing component of the lesion (arrowhead).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008725,"Esophagography image. We reviewed the esophagography image obtained before radiotherapy and measured the lumen diameter at the widest part (A) of the oral side and the narrowest part (B) of the lesion, then calculated the stenotic ratio (c = (a - b)/a * 100)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008726,Preoperative planning using cemented Mark III cup.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008727,Postoperative pelvic overview with acetabular defect filling using three tantalum augments in a “football” configuration and reconstruction of the hip center of rotation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008728,Computed tomography scan for follow-up without tumor recurrence or secondary metastatic lesions.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008729,Sagittal CT scan of the abdomen: the arrows show a dilated stomach and ileal levels.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008730,Chest CT scan: the arrows show bilateral lobar and segmental pulmonary embolism.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008731,X ray showed R scapular and humeral bone lower than the left one. No sign of local recurrence found.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008732,X-ray of the erect abdomen showing the CBD stent insitu.CBD- Common bile duct
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008733,T2-weighted magnetic resonance image showing intradural cystic lesion with an intrinsic nodular component causing compression of the spinal cord.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008734,OPG shows eruption of underlying mandibular right first premolar
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008735,"Black where it should not be. A 62-year-old male patient with left lower quadrant abdominal pain. Sigmoid colon appeared stratified with muscular prevalence (white arrow) and perivisceral fat was markedly hypoechogenic (*). Adjacent to the bowel wall, a loculated inhomogeneous fluid collection was detected. A suspected diagnosis of complicated diverticulitis was formulated. Final diagnosis: Hinchey stage II diverticulitis (pelvic abscess > 4 cm)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008736,"Black where it should not be. A 35-year-old man with a significant history of intravenous drug abuse presented with fever and local pain in the right forearm. The arm was warm and with tight skin. The ultrasound showed a necrotizing fasciitis with subcutaneous thickening, air, and fascial fluid. He underwent decompressive fasciotomy in association with large spectrum antibiotic therapy."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008737,P. jirovecii appearances on Chest CT scan in patient 2 as multiple patchy and flocculent high-density shadows in both lungs.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008738,Preoperative contrast computed tomography: pseudoaneurysm × (38 × 31 mm) with origin of the right internal proximal artery with 6 mm neck (arrow). Internal carotid artery occluded.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008739,Computed Tomography of Bladder Foreign Body1. Foreign body in urinary bladder encrusted; 2. Foley catheter in vagina
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008740, Intraoperative angiogram demonstrates the aortic stent graft appropriately deployed below the renal arteries (arrow showing right renal artery) to the level of the aortic bifurcation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008741,CT scan with IV contrast showing multiple liver abscesses (arrows)CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008742,CT scan with IV contrast showing multiple liver abscesses extending from the right to the left lobe of the liver. CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008743, Axial contrast-enhanced computed tomography image demonstrating multiple tortuous and thickened veins on the anterior wall and both sidewalls of the bladder (short arrow). The dilated vesical varices on the right side drained into the internal iliac vein (long arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008744," Contrast-enhanced coronal computed tomography-reconstructed images demonstrating abnormally dilated blood vessels (short arrow) surrounding the bladder, and the enlargement of inferior mesenteric veins (long arrow). "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008745,Axial section cone-beam computed tomography revealed bilateral tooth-like radiopacities with a central root canal
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008746,The second inverted mesiodens was extended into the floor of the nasal cavity
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008747,Maximum intensity projection cone-beam computed tomography image with nasopalatine nerve canal tracing done
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008748,Cervical computed tomography scan with Foley catheter inflated
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008749,Transthoracic echocardiogram short-axis view. Blue arrow showing tricuspid valve vegetation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008750,Transesophageal echocardiogram three-chamber mid-esophagus view. Blue arrow showing tricuspid valve vegetation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008751,"Transesophageal echocardiogram with midesophageal aortic valve view depicting aortic valve with aortic root abscess marked by a red arrow, with an echo-lucent channel centrally. Profound first-degree heart block is also observed.AoV, aortic valve; Ao, aorta; RA, right atrium; LA, left atrium; RV, right ventricle; LV, left ventricle"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008752,"Transverse ultrasonographic image of the left kidney of a dog with an ectopic left ureter acquired with the patient in right lateral recumbency using a Phillips EPIQ 7 ultrasonography machine with a curvilinear 8–5 MHz probe (Philips UK Ltd, Guildford, UK). The kidney shows poor to absent corticomedullary differentiation and an irregularly dilated renal pelvis. The ureter is dilated to 0.6 cm"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008753,"The width of retrosternal space was defined by the ratio of a to b. a the back of the sternum to the ventral part of the brachiocephalic artery. b the back of the sternum to the ventral part of the vertebra. To evaluate the retrosternal space, Contrast-enhanced CT was conducted preoperatively within 3 months"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008754,Non-UEDVT case after esophagectomy with gastric tube through the retrosternal reconstruction route. Open arrows indicate the compression of the left brachiocephalic vein by gastric tube and brachiocephalic artery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008755,MRI of the brain without contrast in sagittal view three days into hospitalization. The image shows upward and downward herniation of the cerebellar tonsils (white arrow) and mass effect on the ventricles (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008756,MRI of the brain without contrast in axial view on day 3 of hospitalization. The image shows worsening diffuse brain edema with decreased ventricular size.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008757,"Computed Tomography (CT) soft tissue of neck. Enhancing mass lesion in the tongue, slightly lateralized to the left side measuring about the 4.4 x 3.7 x 4.3 in transverse, AP and CC directions. The lesion involves both vallecula with probable involvement of ventral surface of epiglottis. There is extensive necrotic lymphadenopathy on left side of the neck involving left level 2 through level 4 regions. Most of these lymph nodes measure about 3 to 4 cm in size."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008758,Digital imaging of lung nodules.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008759,"Lumbosacral spine, lateral view. Depression of the superior endplate of the T12 vertebra with wedging suggests a compression fracture (white arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008760, Fluorography to confirm the position of the puncture needle in lateral view.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008761,Follow-up PET-CT showing resolution of FDG-avid mass in the pelvis status post-hysterectomy.PET-CT: positron emission tomography-computed tomography; FDG: fluorodeoxyglucose
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008762,Cropped panoramic radiograph (from a Figure 1) of the mental foramen region with tracing and measurements performed with the AudaXCeph software.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008763,CT Head With Dehiscence of Inner Table
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008764,Definition of the sagittal plane in the coronal plane (the same for both roots). In white: ruler tool; white line+dashed red line represents the middle point.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008765,CT spine showing endplate osseous erosions around T10 suggesting vertebral osteomyelitis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008766,CT spine showing 3.7 cm x 5.1 cm right iliopsoas retroperitoneal hematoma versus abscess
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008767,CT-scan (axial view) showing two large jejunal diverticula with wall thickening of the affected segment and the infiltration of the surrounding mesenteric fat
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008768,"Preoperative pituitary MRI shows a rim-enhancing 2.6 cm lesion with a new signal intensity in the cystic cavity suggestive of haemorrhage and compression of the optic chiasm, which had enlarged from 1.9 cm on prior imaging."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008769,Scout view radiograph demonstrating bilateral common iliac vein stents placed for May-Thurner Syndrome (white arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008770,Sagittal view CT demonstrating a migrated stent in the right ventricular outflow tract (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008771,Coronal view CT demonstrating the second migrated stent in the right interlobar pulmonary artery (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008772,Chest X-ray demonstrating kinking of the chest tube around a rib on the right side.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008773,CT of the head showing acute infarct involving the left basal ganglia and head of the left caudate (12/2018)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008774,X-ray image of the left wrist. X-ray showed that the bone age was 13 years old.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008775,OM: omohyoid muscle; IJV: internal jugular vein; α: The angle formed by the line connecting the centre point of OM and the IJV and the horizontal plane on the left side (right side)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008776,"A sagittal view of the MRI of patient’s left Achilles demonstrates an acute, complete, Achilles rupture (circled in red) ~4 cm above the calcaneal insertion."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008777,"Solid cystic tumor, with multiple septa, localized on the midline adjacent to the thyroid gland."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008778,Orthopantomography of the patient on his first visit.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008779,Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) carried out at seven disease days showing no aneurysmal dilatations or alterations in vascular tone
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008780,CT chest: sagittal view with multiple lytic and sclerotic lesions in the thoracic spine (yellow arrows).CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008781,"PLAX view 2D ECHO picture showing sclerosed MV leaflets and subvalvular structure with hockey stick appearance of AMV, restricted MV opening and dilated RV"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008782,"two-dimensional echocardiography (apical four-chamber view) showing large secundum ASD of 27mm, mild dilation of the left atrium, severe right ventricular and right atrial dilation"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008783,Angle between superior mesenteric and aorta artery measuring 21. deg.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008784,"Ultrasound at 23 weeks noting: “acalvaria with an absence of the parietal, temporal, and occipital bones but with skull base and facial bones intact; disorganized brain tissue is seen floating in the amniotic fluid.”"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008785,Anterograde study at the time of cystoscopy showing complete bilateral vesicoureteric junction obstruction with no contrast passing from the ureter into the bladder.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008786,Application of the clamp.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008787,Chest X-ray shows implantable cardioverter-defibrillator-cardiac resynchronization therapy (left) and the Barostim Neo® device (right).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008788,Computed tomography (CT) scans of the lymph nodes. A CT image (yellow asterisks) shows several enhanced masses in the cervical lymph nodes and both parotid lymph nodes.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008789,Bilateral sacroiliitis in pelvic X-ray.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008790,"Chest X-ray showing the central venous catheter in abnormal position, peripherally in the left lung"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008791,CT scan revealed 1 m of terminal ileum herniated inside the prolapsed stoma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008792,MRI sequence at 5-month follow up showed the left hippocampus was smaller than the contralateral side
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008793,Four-dimensional parathyroid CT scan of a patient with SHPT before parathyroidectomy. The image in the coronal planes shows three hyperplastic parathyroid glands (black arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008794,OPG taken on patient’s first visit to GDP. Demonstrates radiolucency at apex of LR7.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008795,MRI head (sagittal view) showing Burkitt’s infiltrating the mandible and oral mucosa.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008796,Panoramic radiographic image
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008797,"A slice from a representative treatment plan, showing the target, organs at risk and isodose lines. The prescription dose for this patient was 30Gy in five fractions"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008798,"Computed tomography of the chest showing numerous thin-walled, smooth, round pulmonary cysts of varying sizes across both lung fields."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008799,Axial cut of a computed tomography scan of the pelvis at recurrence showing thickened sacral area (Black dot).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008800,"A peripherally inserted central catheter in a patient with persistent left superior vena cava descending along the left side of the vertebral column. Chest X-rays in all eight cases showed similar results, with the only difference being in the peripherally inserted central catheter tip position."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008801,Right parasternal long-axis color flow Doppler echocardiography view of a heart from a cat with DCM. There is functional regurgitation of both the tricuspid (upper) and mitral (lower) valves in systole. There is also pleural effusion present. RA = right atrium; LA = left atrium; LV = left ventricle; RV = right ventricle
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008802,Computed tomography of the lungs. Chest computed tomography showed bilateral diffuse alveolar infiltrates.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008803,Chest X‐ray on presentation showing bilateral pleural effusion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008804,Case 1 postoperative cervical sagittal T2-weighted MRI image
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008805,Case 2 postoperative cervical sagittal T2-weighted MRI image
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008806,Cystography after several months of abstinence and symptomatic treatment. Bladder capacity up till 300 cc without signs of ureteral reflux or urethral leakage.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008807, Ultrasound scan of hypoechoic bilobulated mass with heterogeneous content and perilesional edema.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008808,"Markers created by injection of 10 µl of SAIB/x-SAIB guide delineation of the tumor resection surface in postoperative CT imaging. Moreover, markers created by the injection of 30 µl of SAIB/x-SAIB can be visually differentiated from the 10 µl markers and thus be applied to mark regions which require special attention in the postoperative setting"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008809,Chest X-ray of the patient (posteroanterior view).Heterogenous opacification can be noted in the right lower lobe of the lung with air bronchogram. Right lower lobe consolidation can be noted along with loculated right-sided pleural effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008810,"Chest x-ray during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 18 min after birth."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008811,Brain MRI revealing inflammatory lesions in sphenoid bone after the first infection.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008812,The horizontal tumor diameters were measured based on the axial T2-weighted MRI.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008813,"Frontal chest radiography showing 2 nodular opacities (arrows) in the left lung, one in the left lower lobe with silhouette sign with the left hemidiaphragm (black arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008814,Axial T1W1C + MR was obtained after starting antifungal treatment which shows enlargement of 4th ventricle with resolution of rim enhancing lesion and leptomeningeal enhancement in previous brain MRI
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008815,Longitudinal transvaginal ultrasound demonstrates an intrauterine gestational sac (red arrow) with a fetal pole (yellow arrow). Crown rump length measures 0.37 cm which correlates to the gestational age of 5 weeks and 5 days. Fetal heart rate was 128 beats per minute.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008816,Longitudinal transvaginal ultrasound of the right adnexa demonstrates a thick walled hypoechoic cystic structure (red arrow) with weak peripheral vascularity (“ring of fire”). There is no fetal pole present.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008817,Chest radiograph showing superior mediastinal mass (arrows) and tracheal deviation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008818,Abdominal CT showing an adenoma of the left adrenal gland (* marking the adenoma) - axial plan.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008819,"Axial view showed diffuse, irregular thickening of the parietal peritoneum up to 1.8 cm in thickness."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008820,CT chest showing normal anatomy of the heart and lungs.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008821,This figure demonstrates a computed tomography coronary angiography image of severely stenosed proximal left anterior descending artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008822,"Adhesion type: local adhesion of the left posterior wall of the uterus, and the slightly lower signal range of T2WI is about 3.2 cm × 1.9 cm × 3.9 cm."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008823,"Penetration: central placenta previa, with the anterior wall of the lower uterine segment and placenta implantation, on the right side, involving the serous membrane layer and the bladder wall. The T2WI low-signal range is about 2.7 cm × 1.1 cm × 1.4 cm."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008824,"Epiphyseal extension of an aneurysmal bone cyst of the left distal femur in a 14-year-old girl. An anteroposterior radiograph of the left femur shows a well-defined, lytic, expansile metadiaphyseal lesion (black asterisk) with multiple internal septations causing cortical thinning. There is clear epiphyseal extension (white asterisk) of the lesion across the physis (arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008825,"Radiographically aggressive, biopsy proven aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) of the distal femur in a 17-year-old boy (compare the striking similarity with patient from Fig. 10). An anteroposterior radiograph of the distal left femur shows a lytic distal metadiaphyseal lesion (asterisk) of the left femur. The lesion extends into the epiphysis and adjacent soft tissues with no calcified peripheral shell (black arrow). The ABC has a wide zone of transition (white arrows) and aggressive periosteal reaction proximally (arrowhead). The lesion was biopsied twice and ABC was confirmed twice"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008826,Normal A/P view X-ray of the knee showing no soft-tissue swelling or osteodegenerative changes. A/P: anteroposterior
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008827,Coronal T1 MRI demonstrating an intra-articular lesion exhibiting fat signals posterior to the PCL (arrow)PCL: posterior cruciate ligament
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008828,Sagittal PDFS sequences revealing suppression of intra-articular signals suggestive of lipoma. PDFS: proton density fat suppression
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008829,"Frontal fluoroscopic images. Radiodense coils in both cavernous sinuses, both superior ophthalmic veins, and inter-cavernous sinus."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008830,"Ultrasonography of the left eye, vertical scan: a normal lens is visible (4.6 mm, the space between the electronic calipers “+”) but not the anterior chamber; the cornea is thickened and without the normal doubled layer structure (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008831,Abdominal computed tomography showing the 23 × 11 × 10 cm mesenteric desmoid tumor with small intestine compression and free intraperitoneal air.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008832,"Left congenital cystadenoma. CT showed increased transmittance of the posterior segment of the upper lobe and the dorsal segment of the lower lobe of the left lung, with a range of about 38.5 ∗ 26.6 ∗ 42.9 mm, with multiple round areas of different sizes, with a maximum diameter of about 7.7 mm, some of the walls slightly thicker, enhancement of the cyst wall, thickened pulmonary artery blood supply, and cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung (type II). Ultrasound revealed irregular hypoechoic pulmonary consolidation areas, pleural lines were not smooth and unclear, A-lines decreased or disappeared, and dense B-lines or B-lines fused."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008833,"Right congenital cystic adenoid malformation of the lung, CT indicates abnormal changes of the right lung, considering congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (type I); multiple cystic transparent shadow can be seen in the right lung field, the range is about 57 × 68 × 68 mm, the boundary is clear, the size of the internal capsule is different, the largest is about 53 × 48 × 26 mm, a large amount of fluid density shadow can be seen in it, the liquid-gas plane can be seen, and a little normal lung tissue can be seen near the middle lobe of the right lung. Ultrasound revealed a huge cystic echo in the right lung."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008834,"Both sides of the thorax are symmetrical, and the bones of the thorax are complete. In the right lower lung field, there was a local increase in transparency, and the lung texture was disordered, with a range of about 24 × 25 mm; the distribution of the lung texture in the other two lungs was regular, the edge was clear, and no signs of pulmonary congestion or congestion were found; the size, shape, and location of the bilateral hilum were unknown. See abnormal; no mediastinal enlargement."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008835,Upper gastrointestinal series; arrow shows compression effect on posterior aspect of esophagus at the level of aorta arc suggestive of aberrant right subclavian artery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008836,Left VATS post-operative posterior–anterior chest radiograph showing no guidewire in the left pleural cavity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008837,Computed tomography (cross-sectional view) of the chest. The white arrow shows pulmonary embolism.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008838,MRI STIR Sequence Axial ViewAxial view of the right hip at the level of the greater trochanter.  High signal (Grade II muscle strain) in the obturator internus muscle belly at the intrapelvic route. No other pathology was revealed. The red arrow shows the obturator internus.STIR: Short Tau Inversion Recovery Image.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008839,Chest X-ray on admission showed diffuse reticulo-nodular infiltrates with irregular opacity in the right lower zone.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008840,"CT chest showed a diffuse bilateral air space consolidation, reticulation and ground glass appearance with lower lobes predominance."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008841,CT thoracic angiogram showing actively bleeding aberrant right subclavian artery perforating into the esophagus (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008842,Human heart computerized tomography scan [5].
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008843,Outpatient PET-CT (pre-SIRT).PET-CT performed pre-SIRT showing solid FDG avid tumour (black arrow) with an SUVmax of 18.6.PET-CT: positron emission tomography-computed tomography; SIRT: selective internal radiation therapy; FDG: fluorine-18-labelled fluorodeoxyglucose; SUVmax: maximum standardized uptake value
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008844,Coronal T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging showing a posterior root medial meniscus tear (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008845,Coronal computerized tomography (CT) scan. Red arrows show gross hemoperitoneum. White arrow shows splenomegaly. Yellow arrows show enlarged abdominal lymph nodes.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008846,"Multiple weak echo masses can be seen in the tendon sheath, with a maximum of about 0.7 × 0.4 cm, oval shape, clear boundary, no obvious blood flow signal in it."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008847,"CT scan caption showing the absence of thrombus in the LA, including the LAA. LA: left atrium; LAA: left atrium appendage; LV: left ventricle; MA: mitral annulus."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008848,"High resolution CT chest with small right pleural effusion (Black arrow). CT, computed tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008849,Orthopantomogram showing multicystic radiolucencies in mandibular body-ramus region
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008850,Post-operative orthopantomogram after three months of surgery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008851,Abdominal CT performed during the first visit. The axial view reveals right hydronephrosis at the center of the body.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008852,Penile duplex ultrasound demonstrated heavily calcification bilateral cavernosal penile arteries.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008853,Ultrasonography of patient 4 shows a hyperechogenic mass in the medial part of the right knee
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008854," Radiographic image at the 2-year follow-up. A radiograph obtained 2 years after treatment shows adequately filled canals, with no low-density area in the apical region."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008855,"Patient’s chest X-ray on admission, demonstrating a nodular infiltrate in the lower lobe and lingula of the left lung."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008856,Non-fibrotic sarcoidosis with pulmonary nodules in a peri-lymphatic distribution.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008857,Mild T2 hyperintensities at the level of the anterior perforated substance and hypothalamus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008858,Radiographical assessment of light-cured calcium hydroxide using intraoral periapical radiograph at three months' recall in relation to 37.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008859,Radiographical assessment of light-cured calcium hydroxide using intraoral periapical radiograph at six months' recall in relation to 37.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008860,Radiographical assessment of TheraCal LC using intraoral periapical radiograph at three months' recall in relation to 46.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008861,Radiographic image of an unwound and detached implant.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008862,Ultrasound abdomen demonstrating normal liver echogenicity and surrounding ascitic fluid.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008863,Shows Hilar and a few scattered infiltrates.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008864,Submento‐vertex view shows left zygomatic arch fracture
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008865,Post‐op USG of left side of zygomatic arch reduced fracture
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008866,Definition of exophthalmos index (EI). EI=a/b. The length of perpendicular line from the base line connecting the bilateral zygomatic bones to the most anterior point of the orbital globe is measured for both eyes. The ratio of the length (a) of the ipsilateral side of the tumor over the length (b) of the contralateral side of the tumor were calculated as EI score.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008867,CT image of air-fluid levels from the patient's second high-grade distal small bowel obstruction (arrows)CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008868,CT scan (axial view) of the right ankle depicting the deepened retromalleolar groove postoperatively (green arrow).CT: Computed Tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008869,Sagittal (a) and axial (b) gadolinium-enhanced MRI after the progression of the tumor that caused severe dysphagia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008870,Computed tomography (CT) of abdomen/pelvis in 2015 prior to trabectedin with a representative abdominal liposarcoma metastasis (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008871,Computed tomography (CT) of abdomen/pelvis in 2017 demonstrating treatment effect with trabectedin. The anterior abdominal wall metastasis (white arrow) has decreased in size and stabilized.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008872,"Pulley width was measured in a transverse plane (mm) at approximately 25%, 50% and 75% of the transverse pulley diameter to determine the average value."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008873,Example of manual annotation of fat tissue (green) and FGT (red) in WOFS image.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008874,A post-mortem SM sialogram with maximal caliber (arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008875,"A post-mortem sialogram with pathological findings: intraglandular SMD dilated, side branches “amputated” or dilatated"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008876,"MRI in T2 sequence showing a foreign body marked by the arrows, hypointense, not compromising vascular or neural structures compatible with a barb."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008877,Six-month surveillance imaging: MRI brain T1 sequence with contrast. There is interval decrease in pathologic enhancement involving the right Meckel’s cave mass with new enhancement within left Meckel’s cave
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008878,Pretreatment panoramic radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008879,abdominal computerized tomography scan showing hepatic hypodense lesions (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008880,FDG-PET/CT image at the first hospitalization. Abnormal accumulation in the S8 region of the liver (white arrows) is shown.FDG-PET/CT: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008881,Coronal plane CT scan showing the insertion of the inferior turbinate on the frontal process of the maxillary bone.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008882,"Using CoDiagnostix, a superimposition of the CBCT-scan with the axes reconstructed by the SSM and a dental wax up (both in yellow) was performed. The axes calculated by the SSM were depicted as yellow cylinders. Therefore, in this horizontal cross section, they appear as a dot. The yellow dots mostly match with the hypodense area of the root canals of the teeth (if existent)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008883,Paramedian cut of the CBCT-scan superimposed with a dental wax-up and the SSM-based tooth axis reconstruction. The predicted tooth axis of tooth 23 (yellow) is located at a similar position as the actual root canal of the tooth 23. The comparison of calculated tooth axis with dental roots of existent teeth enables to presume the validity of the SSM-based prediction of missing roots
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008884,"Paramedian cut of the CBCT-scan superimposed with a dental wax-up and the SSM-based tooth axis reconstruction (both in yellow). The SSM-based prediction of the tooth axis of tooth 11 deviates from the planned implantation axis in oro-vestibular direction. Due to vestibular bone loss, the implantation axis was adjusted to guarantee sufficient bone thickness in all dimensions"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008885,"Hepatocellular carcinoma in the non-cirrhotic liver in a 65-year-old male patient. B-mode ultrasound (BMUS) displayed a hyperechoic focal liver lesion in the right lobe of the non-cirrhotic liver, with an ill-defined margin and irregular shape (A). Dotted color flow signals could be detected inside the lesion (B). On Sonazoid-enhanced contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), the lesion showed heterogeneous hyperenhancement during the arterial phase (C) and relatively early washout (23 s after the injection of Sonazoid). The lesion showed hypoenhancement during the portal venous phase (D), late phase (E), and Kupffer phase (F)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008886,Computed tomography findings showing hepatic morphological changes and splenomegaly.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008887,Chest radiograph showing miliary TB features TB: tuberculosis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008888,MRI showing multiple tuberculomas
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008889,"Metastatic peritoneal disease on staging CT, in a 61-year-old female with invasive lobular carcinoma. Axial contrast-enhanced CT image shows multiple, ill-defined, tiny nodules in the peritoneum (arrow), which were highly suspicious for metastatic disease. This was confirmed on diagnostic laparoscopy and biopsy"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008890,CT chest showing isolated infiltrates and consolidation in both lungs.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008891,"Transverse computed tomography demonstrating a bony bridge between adjacent osteophytes, causing a left impression on the airway. The arrow pointing to the osteophytes at the C2-C3 vertebral level."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008892,Preoperative sagittal cervical computed tomography demonstrating bridging of the vertebral bodies. The arrow pointing to the bridging of the anterior wall of the C3-C4 vertebral level.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008893,A transthoracic echocardiography image showing a vegetation on the anterior mitral valve.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008894,X-ray check during LTT fitting.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008895,X-ray check 3 years after implant insertion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008896,"Anterior-posterior X-ray image of the inserted Inspan ISP construct at L4-L5 level. ISP: interspinous plate, ISD: interspinous device"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008897,Non-displaced osteoporotic fracture of the distal tibial plafond with an abnormal area of signaling in the anterior lateral tibial plafond measuring 1.8 cm x 2.1 cm
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008898,Axial MRI view of L5‐L4 before treatment
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008899,Transesophageal echocardiogram demonstrating (white arrows) hyperechoic thickening of the mitral valve with 0.5- and 0.8-cm vegetations.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008900,Lateral view of the right knee with the osteochondroma (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008901,CTA chest shows an incidental anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the left sinus of Valsalva (sagittal view).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008902,Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the left sinus of Valsalva.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008903,"Longitudinal plane view of 12-week fetus showing the umbilical vein, the ductus venosus and the descending thoracic aorta on color flow. The hepatic artery is the vessel coming into close contact with the ductus venosus."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008904,Acute interstitial edematous pancreatitis with acute peripancreatic fluid collections (APFC) in the left anterior pararenal space.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008905,A pseudocyst in the lesser sac.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008906,Walled of necrosis. A large liquefied collection with air bubbles in the bed of the pancreas.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008907,Transthoracic echocardiography. Vena contracta in severe mitral regurgitation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008908,Transesophageal echocardiography. Disproportional mitral regurgitation in a non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008909,"Two days later the patient reappeared to the dentist due to difficulties in swallowing and mouth opening. Typical findings of Ludwig’s angina were observed: mouth floor swelling, difficulties in speaking and swallowing and limited mouth opening. The dentist referred the patient to hospital. Features of severe infection were detected also in infection parameters: Body temperature was 38.5, C-reactive protein level (CRP) was 342 mg/l and white blood cell count was 19.2 E9/l. Computer tomography images (see also Fig 3.) confirmed the clinical diagnose of bilateral abscess which had spread from the mandibular third molar area (arrows). The airway was also restricted."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008910,"Soft tissue structures were measured by computed tomography (CT) at the axial section of a 58-year-old female dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) patient. The axial section at the midglobe level showed the interzygomatic line (IZ) (labeled line a) and maximum horizontal diameters of the right lateral rectus muscle (labeled line b and the length was 9.11 mm) and the medial rectus muscle (labeled line c and the length was 10.48 mm). The distance from the midpoint of the maximum muscular diameter of the lateral rectus muscle (labeled line d and the length was 17.47 mm) and medial rectus muscle (labeled line e and the length was 13.88 mm) to the IZ was recorded. Proptosis of the right eyeball was measured from the center of the anterior cornea to the IZ (labeled line f and the length was 24.66 mm). The optic nerve stretch of the left eyeball was measured from the retrobulbar optic nerve to the orbital apex point (labeled line g and the length was 36.21 mm). Intracranial fat prolapse was present in the right eye (labeled h), and the red line connected the most inner border of the sphenoid wing and the most anterior border of the sphenoid body groove."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008911,"CT of the brain performed in view of patient’s persistent worsening headache revealed no acute intracranial hemorrhage or large territorial infarct. A few foci of isodensity with foci of calcifications (arrow) were seen in the right parietal lobe, associated with adjacent gliosis, and likely related to underlying vascular malformation. CT: computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008912, Automatic measurements of joint space width (JSW) medial and lateral JSW using Matlab-based computer program.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008913,Esophageal videofluorography (lateral scan) showing DISH at C4-C5 level and Zenker's diverticulum at C6 level (red arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008914,Neck CT (axial scan) showing suppurated diverticulum at the level of C6-C7 (red arrow) and DISH C6-T1 level
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008915,Chest x-ray showing massive right-sided pleural effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008916,Four chamber view of the heart showing the accessory mitral valve tissue (AMVT) and the outpouching of left ventricular diverticulum (LVD) at 26 weeks of gestation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008917,CT angiography of the abdomen and pelvis. Axial CTA image of the abdomen and pelvis showing active extravasation into pancreatic pseudocyst (green arrow). 
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008918,CT abdomen pelvis with contrast. Axial CT image showing post-embolization coils (red arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008919,A 6-year-old female clinically diagnosed with cystic fibrosis was scanned on a PCD-CT (CT dose index: 0.05 mGy inspiration [shown] and 0.05 mGy expiration).PCD-CT demonstrates cylindrical bronchiectasis in the right middle lobe (arrow). PCD = photon-counting detector
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008920,Chest radiography. Chest X-ray showing left lower lung opacity (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008921,Lateral chest radiography. Lateral chest X-ray showing opacity in the lower lobes posteriorly (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008922,"Axial image of CT angiogram on day 4 post-admission showing inflammatory stranding and wall thickening involving the proximal anastomosis of the aorto-bi-iliac graft and the posterior aspect of third part of the duodenum, small gas locules present within the wall of the aortic sac where it was crossed by the duodenum, indicated by yellow arrow."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008923,Pneumonia due to COVID-19. Thoracic ultrasound where multiple B lines are seen leaving the pleural line very typical of COVID-19 pneumonia
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008924,Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) with contrast demonstrating apical hypertrophy and end-diastolic obliteration with an ejection fraction (EF) of 65%-70%
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008925,"Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography images. There was a large pancreatic stone in the pancreas head (dotted line circles), expanded main pancreatic duct (dotted orange arrowhead), and a pancreatic cyst in the pancreas tail (orange arrowheads)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008926,T2-weighted magnetic resonance image with molar tooth sign (blue arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008927,Ultrasonography showing a large retrobulbar cyst in the left eye (blue arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008928,Chest computed tomography. Hilar and mediastinal lymph node swelling and numerous nodular lesions are seen in the bilateral middle lung lobes
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008929,Chest radiograph shows multiple metastatic nodules in all lobes of both lungs.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008930,Patient after an upper jaw osteosarcoma resection and reconstruction with FFF. (19 December 2018).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008931,Final implant-supported prosthesis rehabilitation on a free fibula flap reconstruction. (25 February 2020).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008932,Vertebral column and pelvis (x-ray findings)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008933, Cardiac MRI showing the fistula and shunting (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008934,The patient undergoing percutaneous closure with a 16 mm Amplatzer Vascular Plug II and coils.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008935,An anteroposterior radiograph of case 2 showing a total elbow implant in place.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008936,A lateral radiograph of case 4 showing a total elbow implant in place.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008937,Intima media thickness.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008938,"Computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest showing bilateral hilar adenopathy (white arrows), massive bilateral ground glass opacities in the middle and lower parts of the lungs (black arrows) accompanied by parenchymal infiltrations (black asterisks) and bronchial walls thickening."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008939,"Intra-vascular ultrasound (IVUS) images obtained following stent placement, demonstrating incomplete stent apposition (ISA)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008940,Imaging example of bronchial wall thickening (arrow) in a patient with probable COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA). CT was performed 10 days after symptom onset on the day of the CAPA diagnosis. The T/D ratio (wall thickness (T) divided by the total diameter of bronchus (D)) was 0.32 in this case.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008941,Echocardiography showed massive pericardial effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008942,CT-Angio of 58 yo female with stage IIB acute right lower limb ischemia 14 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008943,"Female NMO patient, 25 years old, bilateral optic neuritis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008944,"Female NMO patient, T2WI scan of 37-year-old cervical spinal cord cross section shows cervical spinal swelling, and the lesion mainly involves central gray matter of the spinal cord."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008945,"Female NMO patient, 45 years old, with sagittal T2WI showing a medullary and cervical spinal cord lesion with swelling in the spinal cord."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008946,Moderate splenomegaly of 18.6 cm
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008947,Sclerotic focus of 1.7 cm in the left ilium
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008948,X-ray in 16th day of life. Recurrence of pneumothorax despite two suction chest drains.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008949,"X-ray on the 17th day of life, 24 h after the occlusion. The Fogarty’s catheter in the right bronchus reduces pneumothorax and partial collapse of the right lower lobe."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008950,IV Pyelogram showing symmetric excretory function of the kidneys bilaterally. There is mass effect visualized in the right kidney without obstruction. The ureters are slender bilaterally.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008951,"A 42-year-old woman with right foot pain 4 days after sprain. Long axis proton density-weighted images show discontinuity and a wavy appearance of Lisfranc ligament fibers (arrowhead). Continuous fibers remain at the medial aspect of the Lisfranc ligament (long arrow). This case was judged an incomplete tear. There was a complete tear of the Lisfranc ligament at surgery. C1, medial cuneiform; M1, first metatarsal; M2, second metatarsal; M3, third metatarsal."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008952,An ultrasound scan showing severe polyhydramnios with a single DVP of 13.9 cm at 30 weeks and 2 days.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008953,"MRI of the spine.Spine MRI showing C3 lesion with posterior extension to the ventral and lateral epidural spaces encircling the spinal cord associated with cord compression, edema, and expansion (top arrow). There is an extensive osseous metastatic disease with cortical breakthrough along with compression from the C5-C6 vertebral bodies that effaces, but does not surpass the thecal sac at the C5-C6 level (bottom arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008954,Axial CT scan of the pelvis. Axial CT scan showing enlarged right external iliac lymph node measuring 1.22 cm in diameter.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008955,Anatomic measures scored from patients’ CT images. Cranio-caudal measures are not shown.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008956,"Sagittal T1WI MRI Pituitary showing enlargement of the pituitary stalk, measuring 13 mm in AP diameter."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008957,Gestational sacs and their embryos on Doppler ultrasound
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008958,"RAO caudal view showing diffuse stenoses in the LAD and LCx arteries with angiographically different segment involvement and severity. Compared to Figure 2, there is shorter segment involvement of the mid LCx artery (arrow) and more severe involvement of the mid to distal LAD artery (arrowheads). RAO: right anterior oblique; LAD: left anterior descending; LCx: left circumflex."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008959,Digitally obtained dimensions of obturation with respect to tooth 11
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008960,Post fit evaluation with respect to tooth 11
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008961,Common radiographic findings associated with discospondylitis. Osteolysis of vertebral end plates and adjacent vertebral bodies with collapse of the intervertebral disk space is observed between L1 and L2.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008962,"CT chest without contrast. Multiple arch mediastinal and bilateral hilar lymph nodes, including a subcarinal lymph node conglomerate measuring 7.9 x 3.6 cm."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008963,A 5-year-old girl diagnosed with hypophosphatemic rickets; significant varus deformity of the lower extremities.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008964,"Axial view of abdominal CT, the yellow arrow indicates the obstruction of the appendix by appendicolith."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008965,Illustration of the deviation of the mechanical from the anatomical axis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008966,"After combined therapy, the primary tumor size significantly decreased and the miliary lung metastasis almost wholly disappeared on 16-slice computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008967,A contrast-enhanced CT scan before treatment showing an enlarged umbilical lesion with intraperitoneal nodule and ascites. CT: computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008968,Transverse CT image of the contrast-enhancing nodule affecting the left thyroid gland (arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008969,"Transverse T2-weighted image of the cat’s brain at the level of the thalamus, showing a heterogeneously hyperintense extracranial lesion surrounding the calvarium (arrows)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008970,Entry for the proximal femoral nail with K-wire in place (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008971,Outer example for validation (number 1 to 5 from left to right).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008972,CT abdomen showing pneumoperitoneum. CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008973,Hypoenhancing lesions in the spleen (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008974,Posterior gastric wall pneumatosis (arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008975,Calcified plaques at the origins of the celiac artery and the superior mesenteric artery (arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008976,Posteroanterior view of chest radiograph.The image shows faint two rounded nodular opacities in the right upper and left middle zones (arrows). There is subtle lucency in the right upper nodule likely representing breakdown (small cavity).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008977,"Immediate post-procedure right lateral thoracic radiograph (Case 3). The dog had pulmonary edema before the procedure, which was managed with medical treatment. The device is readily visible in situ. Mild pulmonary infiltrate was still observed in the lung field, especially the caudal lung lobes, after the procedure."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008978,"Postoperative X-ray with measurement with femoral offset (FO), acetabular offset (AO), leg length difference (LL), stem alignment, cup inclination and anteversion, Canal Fill Indices (CFI) I, II and III"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008979,Scout image of abdomen and pelvis. The scout image of the CT scan shows a well defined rounded high density structure measuring approximately 1 cm projecting over the right sacral bone in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen (red arrow). 
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008980,"Coronal CT image of the abdomen and pelvis without contrast. There is around 1 cm appendicolith seen at the appendices orifice with consequent dilatation of the residual appendix. The diameter of the residual appendix measures about 1.1 X 2 cm. The residual appendix is surrounded by significant fat stranding and multiple reactive regional lymph nodes. There is minimal pelvic free fluid. However, no free air is seen. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008981,"Sagittal view of a contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the abdomen showing stomach distension and a thickened, narrow segment of the third portion of the duodenum with surrounding enlarged lymph nodes."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008982,Residual calcification (Gärtner type 1). This patient was clinically and radiographically assessed 10  years after diagnosis. The x-ray showed the absence of arthritic signs
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008983,Post-operative coronary computed angiography (CCTA) displaying anastomosis via 10 mm Hemashield graft between the Aorta (Ao) and left coronary artery (LCA).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008984,"Diagram of the measurement of imaging data. SVA (sagittal vertebral axis; red line), PJA (proximal junction angle; blue line), LL (lumbar lordosis; white line), PI (pelvic incidence; green line), PT (pelvic tilt; black line), and SS (sacral slope; yellow line)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008985,Response to palliative radiation therapy followed by three cycles of paclitaxel-carboplatin systemic therapy (December 2018).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008986,"Following chemotherapy, the patient's CT neck scan with contrast showed a significant decrease in the thyroid size measured approximately 4.2 × 4.2 cm, with marked improvement in tracheal narrowing."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008987,Sagittal view X-ray of sinuses.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008988,Axial section of the normally concave rotator interval showing conspicuous coracohumeral ligament thickening (red double arrow) with a rounded and convex profile (yellow dotted arrows). LHBT long head of the biceps tendon
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008989,Sagittal view of CT angiography in patient with median arcuate ligament syndrome demonstrating narrowing of the truncus celiacus with poststenotic dilation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008990,"Angiogram of the brachiocephalic artery shows the hypertrophic ectopic bronchial artery (red arrow) arising from the right thyrocervical trunk (black arrow), findings that corresponded with the CTA image"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008991,Preoperative computed tomography image demonstrates a mass-like lesion in the right heart.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008992,"CT scan of abdomen and pelvis with contrast. Diagnosis of splenomegaly, 20 cm. Inferior peri-splenic hemorrhage, three grade laceration."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008993,Abdominal CT-scan shows pneumoperitoneum secondary to perforated viscus (right yellow arrow) and peri-hepatic free fluid with sub-capsular liver collection (left yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008994,Coronary angiography showing evidence of critical stenosis (80%) in the right coronary artery territory.RCA: right coronary artery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008995,Initial computed tomography of the abdomen showing portal vein thrombosis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008996,Initial computed tomography of the abdomen showing diverticular abscess and superior mesenteric vein thrombosis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008997,Wrist and hand X-ray for bone age.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008998,Full-length anteroposterior radiograph of both lower limbs showing restored alignment of the right knee.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_008999,Transthoracic echocardiogram (apical four chamber view) showing a compression of the right ventricle by a significant pericardial effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009000,Coronal computed tomography of the chest.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009001, Median neck cyst in a 32 year old female patient. The median neck cyst is depicted in the longitudinal and transverse direction. The cyst has a volume of 2mL and lies in the ventral and lateral position of the trachea. (A higher resolution / colour version of this figure is available in the electronic copy of the article).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009002,"Mid sagittal CT image demonstrates a sclerotic lesion in the L2 vertebral body with irregular margins and destruction of the posterior cortex. No mineralization is seen in the epidural soft tissue component. No other suspicious lesion was identified on this CT of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis with IV contrast."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009003,Representative image showing CT-guided biopsy of the L2 vertebral body sclerotic lesion from a right posterolateral approach.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009004,OPG demonstrating an ill-defined periapical pathology with #31.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009005,"CT of chest, abdomen, and pelvis (sagittal view) revealing infiltrating sacral mass (red arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009006,CT thorax during systemic work up showing multiple pulmonary nodule.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009007,Chest X-ray after insertion of Seldinger chest drain showing reduced small right pneumothorax with a width of about 1.5cm at the apex. A small left apical pneumothorax is still present
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009008,Lung CT scan after bilateral lung transplant.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009009,"Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography, in portal phase, showed multiple nodules ranging from 1.0 or 2.0 mm to 0.75 cm in diameter diffusely distributed in the liver, and ranging from 1.0 mm to 2.0 cm in the spleen."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009010,Post-contrast T1-weighted MRI image in sagittal plane demonstrating regression of the leptomeningeal infiltration (shown by arrows) after treatment
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009011,Ct brain follow-up showed regression of the right parieto-occipital hypo dense lesion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009012,Chest CT showing an anterosuperior mediastinal mass (the yellow star represents the tumor mass)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009013,An abdominal computed tomography (CT) with contrast shows some bloody collection in the subphrenic space and between the splenic and renal veins
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009014,"Axial small field of view T2-weighted turbo spin echo (TSE) MRI of the perineum. Right-sided and left-sided perianal fistulous tracts (red arrows). High signal within denotes fluid consistent with active tracts. Low signal surrounding the tracts is fibrosis consistent with chronicity. A, anterior; L, left; R, right."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009015,"Multiplanar reconstruction of CT enterography shows active disease of the neoterminal ileum (red arrow) with mucosal hyperenhancement, mural thickening and engorged vasa recta of the adjacent mesentery known as the ‘comb sign’ (white arrow). A, anterior; P, posterior."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009016,Abdominal CT scan showing bladder pneumaturia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009017,Computed tomography scan of the abdomen. Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis demonstrating the right ovary with cystic changes (circle) and uterine fibroids (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009018,CT pulmonary angiography shows bilateral pulmonary embolism (arrows).CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009019,CT abdominal angiography shows a filling defect (arrow) in the inferior vena cava representing a thrombus.CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009020,Chest X-ray scan showed mediastinal haziness in the upper right mediastinum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009021,EUS image of the tumor arising from the 2nd and 3rd layer
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009022,"Axial CT scan view showing scattered ground glass in both lung fields, with 50% lung involvement (red arrows)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009023,"The axial section of an MRI before the second intervention shows a tumor. It demonstrates an expansive lesion (white arrow) in the postsurgical cavity, infiltrating the temporal bone and exerting a mass effect over the left cerebellar hemisphere. Compared to the previous findings, it is a more aggressive tumor. MRI, magnetic resonance imaging."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009024,"The axial section of an MRI 10 months after the first surgery shows recurrence of the tumor. There is evidence of a well-defined mass with soft tissue density (white arrow). The mass is in close contact with the cerebellum. MRI, magnetic resonance imaging."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009025,"The extent of metastatic disease following treatment was determined by 18F‐FDG uptake in the PET/CT scan conducted in August 2019 after 6 months of sorafenib treatment (reduced to 600 mg/day) and 5 months of lenvatinib treatment (20 mg/day). Multiple lymph node metastases were observed in the neck and mediastinum, with multiple secondary lesions in subcutaneous tissues and muscles, the liver, adrenal gland, and right pleura were identified (coronal view). 18 F‐FDG, 2‐deoxy‐2‐[fluorine‐18] fluoro‐D‐glucose; PET/CT, positron emission tomography/computed tomography "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009026,"After 4 weeks on larotrectinib treatment, an 18F‐FDG PET/CT scan showed a near‐complete response—only neck lymph node and lung (arrowed) lesions persisted in October 2019 after 4 weeks of larotrectinib (200 mg/day) treatment (transverse view); most lesions had disappeared. 18 F‐FDG, 2‐deoxy‐2‐[fluorine‐18] fluoro‐D‐glucose; PET/CT, positron emission tomography/computed tomography "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009027,Panoramic X-ray
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009028," Coronal image in arterial phase of CT abdomen and pelvis which shows the feeding vessel (small arrow) into the pseudoaneurysm (big arrow) which is arising from a terminal branch of SMA. SMA, superior mesenteric artery"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009029,"Selective SMA angiogram confirmed a right iliac fossa pseudoaneurysm supplied by the terminal branch of the SMA (arrow).SMA, superior mesenteric artery"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009030,Angiogram post pseudoaneurysm coiling confirmed the coil successfully deployed and excluded flow into the pseudoaneurysm (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009031,Postoperative CT scan without neither residual fragments nor subcapsular hematoma
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009032,MRI of superselective intubation angiography showing hyperplasia (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009033,No uptake in the mass was found on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009034, Magnetic resonance imaging of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (arrow)[23].
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009035,"The first principle to decrease the revision rate is to ensure sufficient purchase. The thread of the male component needs to be fully submerged into the epiphysis, and the flange (*) of the nail must exceed the physis or at least stop at the level of the physis. If the distal epiphysis of the tibia is small, the tip of the nail may reach the subchondral area (arrow) to ensure that the whole thread goes through the physis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009036,Six months follow-up lateral radiographs of a 34-year-old nonsmoker showing united distal third fracture of the left tibia with IMIL nail in situ
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009037,X-ray confirming blood circulation in the great cardiac vein.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009038,"Ultrasound of the right testicular pouch. Presence of nodular image, measuring 2.6 x 2.1 x 1.0 cm, isoechogenic to adipose tissue"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009039,Axial view of computerized tomographic angiography scan showing active contrast extravasation into the lumen of esophagus or gastric cardia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009040,"Left ventricular angiogram after valve-in-valve implantation showing a very small residual contrast shunt from the left-to-right ventricle (encircled). *Pulmonary artery catheter, #Pleural drain."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009041,"Axial lung window showing ground-glass opacities with interlobular septal thickening realizing a crazy paving pattern, as well as right lung peripheral pulmonary consolidation.SARS-Cov-2 RT-PCR positive, CT findings consistent with COVID-19 pneumonia CO-RADS 6."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009042,Angiography image LAD blockage (blue arrow)LAD: left anterior descending artery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009043,"Sagittal T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging with asymptomatic hyperintensity within the cervical spine, worse at cervical level 5–7 (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009044,"Anteroposterior plain radiogram of the left hip and proximal femur of our patient on the second admission to the emergency department.The implant was in the previous correct position, while the yellow arrow demonstrates the compression of the fracture line and the green arrow shows the sliding of the lag screw. Red arrows indicate the excessive edema of the thigh."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009045,Axial computed tomography angiography image demonstrates the small extravasation (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009046,Coronal conventional angiography image of the left hip and proximal femur demonstrates the coil embolization and stoppage of bleeding (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009047,CTAP showing multiple loops of dilated small bowel with transition point in the right iliac fossa.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009048,"Modiolar electrode, first turn, HFMS SV Position. Star represents diminishing electrode signal, arrow represents basilar membrane. Pat.No.10."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009049,Lesion is partially suppressed on coronal fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009050,Enhancing solid component at the left lateral region of the mass with multiple thick irregularly enhancing septations at the superior region.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009051,"(a) Antero-posterior pelvis radiograph of a 75-year-old woman with severe bilateral hip osteoarthritis. During the right THA surgery, the acetabular cavity was reamed to 47 mm. A monobloc acetabular component of 48 mm was implanted with a DM polyethylene head of 41 mm (28 mm metal head). A polished tapered stem was cemented. (b) Post-operative anteroposterior pelvis radiograph."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009052,Failure of non-operative management. Right clavicle x-ray demonstrating fracture non-union AP view at 6 months post fall.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009053,"MRI—T1 post contrast sequence, coronal imaging plane: inhomogeneous cephalopancreatic lesion."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009054, Lateral and broad approaches for endosonography-guided celiac plexus neurolysis. SMA: Superior mesenteric artery; CT: Celiac trunk.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009055, Central approach for endosonography-guided celiac plexus neurolysis. SMA: Superior mesenteric artery; CT: Celiac trunk.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009056,The left temporomandibular prosthesis is in place. The scatter of shrapnel throughout the area
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009057,Sagital plane of cecum volvulus on CT scan.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009058,Axial plane of cecum volvulus on CT scan.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009059,CT abdomen showing the presence of mesenteric and retroperitoneal adenopathy (red arrow) and multiple ill-defined splenic lesions (white arrows)CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009060,Thrombus in the aortic arch seen on transesophageal echocardiography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009061,Huge inferior vena cava aneurysm that could not allow to deploy an inferior vena cava filter.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009062,Representative CT cut of a subject with moderate bronchiectasis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009063,Rectal iodine contrast examination revealed stenosis of the rectal anastomosis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009064,Preoperative T2-weighted MRI of the lumbar spine - axial view
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009065,X‐ray erect abdomen showing normal findings
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009066,proper position of Cribriform device in angiographic view
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009067,A coronal abdominopelvic computed tomography scan demonstrating multilocular fluid collection around the pancreas (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009068,"An axial computed tomography scan of the upper abdomen showing a huge pancreatic pseudocyst, with pressure effect on the stomach and duodenum."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009069,Thyroid ultrasound also confirmed a left parathyroid adenoma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009070,Fluoroscopic view of cement-augmented sacroiliac screw osteosynthesis with fully threaded screw on the right side and partially threaded screw on the left side
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009071,CBCT images of CGF group 6 months after operation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009072,"An example of CTR measurement on a chest radiograph in the AP projection. A: transverse dimension of the heart silhouette, B: transverse dimension of the chest."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009073,MSC measurement in an ankle in neutral position for the MCS 1 centimeter below the joint line
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009074,"A chest X-ray finding six months after the initial surgery. A chest X-ray, six months after initial surgery, showed an abnormal shadow protruding from the hepatic dome (arrows)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009075,"Normal lung. Pleural line is regular. The first artefactual replica of the pleural line is clearly seen (deeper arrow). Between the pleural line and the first A-line, a blurred superposition of the parietal acoustic discontinuities appears due to the mirror and replica effects caused by the strong reflection of the pleural line. Linear probe, 8 MHz."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009076,"Vertical artifacts from a patient with scleroderma and pulmonary fibrosis. They show variable brightness, width, and length. Convex probe, 3 MHz."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009077,Transesophageal echocardiogram evaluating the aortic valve.AOV: aortic valve.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009078,Measurement of acetabular component anteversion by the ischiolateral method. A line is drawn tangential to the opening of the acetabular shell connecting the two endpoints of the ellipse (AB). Another straight line is drawn along the long axis of the ischial tuberosity (CD). The anteversion angle (*) is measured between the perpendicular (EF) to a line drawn along the ischial tuberosity and the tangent to the acetabular shell (AB).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009079,"Fascia iliaca block (infrainguinal approach). The image shows the site of injection (white arrow), femoral artery, fascia iliaca and the iliopsoas muscle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009080,Transthoracic echocardiography showing left ventricular apical hypertrophy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009081,"CT chest (mediastinal window), January 2019: there is multiple mediastinal enlarged lymph nodes."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009082,"CT chest (lung window), January 2019: Bilateral ground-glass opacities with bilateral bronchial wall thickening of both upper lobes."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009083,"CT chest (lung window), December 2020: normal CT chest."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009084,"Chest x-ray PA, April 2020: showing left upper lobe mass-like opacity."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009085,"CT chest, March 2021: left upper lobe cystic changes resolved."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009086,"Preoperative X-ray of the pelvis: preoperative X-ray of the pelvis, performed in March 2014, showing no implants yet in place."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009087," Computed tomography scan. Large plaque-like lesion heterogeneously enhanced, including multiple cystic low-density lesions in the arterial phase with delayed portal washout, size 13.6 × 10.5 cm."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009088,Position of the Beacon® transponders in the tumor on a MSCT scan.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009089,Preoperative x-ray showing Shepherd's crook deformity with neck-shaft angle of 114 degrees
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009090, Two-year follow-up panoramic image (2021).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009091,KUB x-ray demonstrating a shadow of a staghorn stone in the pelvic region. KUB - Kidney Ureter Bladder
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009092, Full abdominal enhanced computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009093,Axial NECT shows an extradural hemorrhage in the right parietal region. NECT: non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009094,Axial NECT shows a subdural hemorrhage in the right cerebral hemisphere. NECT: non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009095,Axial NECT shows an intraparenchymal contusion in right capsulo-ganglionic region and intraventricular bleed noted with minimal mass effect compressing basal cisterns - Rotterdam score 3NECT: non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009096,"Axial NECT shows subdural hemorrhage in the left cerebral hemisphere, with mass effect compressing basal cisterns and lateral ventricles, midline shift more than 5mm, subarachnoid hemorrhage noted - Rotterdam score 5NECT: non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009097, Pre-operative computed tomography-scan. The lesion occupying the right posterior segments of the liver (black arrow) and two other confluent lesions in the left lobe with intrabiliary growth pattern (orange arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009098,Computed tomography scan showing the primary lung tumor (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009099,"Superior mesenteric artery angiography after embolization. Embolization of the distal ileocolic artery was successfully performed using coils and N-butyl cyanoacrylate, and no contrast leakage was observed"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009100,Surveillance positron emission tomography scan obtained following chemotherapy with B-ICE consistent with complete remission.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009101,CT angiogram demonstrating location of the thoracic outlet obstruction (up arrow) and retrograde thrombosis (down arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009102,T2-weighted MRI sagittal view showing signal hyperintensity within the splenium of the corpus callosum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009103,Axial GRE sequence demonstrating symmetric hypodensities in the bilateral deep gray nuclei consistent with calcification
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009104, Digital templating using TraumaCAD®. Acetabular and femoral components of an uncemented total hip arthroplasty are digitally templated to a desired size from a standardised and calibrated pelvic radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009105,"Noncontrast CT brain performed on day 3, revealing haemorrhage in the ACA territory."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009106,"Computed tomography of abdomen. Contrast-enhanced imaging obtained at initial presentation identifying a large, well-circumscribed 9 cm left adrenal mass (*), just above the kidney."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009107,Panoramic radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009108,"Dental radiograph of #45, #46, and #47."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009109,Bilateral double inferior vena cava (Type IIIA). Abdominal CT in the coronal plane.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009110,Right vertebral artery (pre-occlusion) - axial image
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009111,Right vertebral artery occlusion - coronal image
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009112,CECT Sagittal section showing right axillary lymph node metastasis (white solid arrow). The liver shows no metastatic lesions
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009113,CECT Axial section showing bilateral axillary lymph nodes with invasion of right lymph node metastatic mass into the skin of right axilla (white solid arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009114, Radiographic measurement of Drennan’s metaphyseal-diaphyseal angle. The metaphyseal-diaphyseal angle (MDA) is measured from a perpendicular line to the tibial diaphyseal axis and a line passing through the axial plane of the proximal tibial metaphysis. An MDA > 10 degrees associated with a tibiofemoral angle > 20 degrees indicates a toddler at risk. MDA: Metaphyseal-diaphyseal angle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009115,The diffuse lymphadenopathy noted on CT abdomen/pelvis from admission
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009116,Screen protractor tool.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009117,preoperative magnetic resonance imaging of the liver showing hepatic lesions with central necrosis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009118,Preoperative radiograph before the surgical extrusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009119,Barium enema showing reduced intussusception with irregular narrowing of the ascending colon (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009120,Left lung mass with regular borders in the apical region and moderate pleural effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009121,CT scan of the chest (axial view) demonstrating subtle ground-glass opacities (arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009122,Mucosal thickening is seen in both maxillary sinuses and ethmoidal air cells.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009123,"Coronal sections of T2-weighted MRI demonstrating marked oedema in the right parasymphyseal region, likely in keeping with a further area of stress reaction or stress fracture."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009124,Magnetic resonance imaging head—T1 flair sagittal view shows there is a small intra-parenchyma subacute haemorrhage (red arrow) in the medial part of the left frontal lobe adjacent to the inferior margin of anterior horn of the left lateral ventricle with a haemorrhage measuring 17 mm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009125,X‐ray image after surgical fixation with PFN and bone cement of the fracture
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009126,Axial non‐contrast CT image of the skull in bone window showing destructive lesion of the parietal and dura component
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009127,Coronary angiography of the left circumflex artery showing normal vessel.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009128,Transthoracic echocardiogram apical 4 chamber view showing a large embolic clot that extended from the right atrium into the RV.RV: right ventricle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009129,"Parasternal long axis view showing a LV clot that protruded into the aorta.LV: left ventricle, RV: right ventricle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009130,CT scan − penetration of gastric ulcer to the spleen and infiltration of transverse colon.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009131,"Abdominal and pelvic CT showing mild diffuse bilateral ground-glass opacities, which may reflect infection, inflammation versus pulmonary edema (arrows)CT: computed tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009132,"Chest X-ray showing near total atelectasis of the left lung, with interval increased bilateral opacities consistent with pulmonary hemorrhage (arrows)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009133,"Postoperative upper gastrointestinal fluoroscopy showed little gastric deformity, good peristalsis, and the smooth flow of contrast agent into the duodenum"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009134,Axial computed tomography (CT) image of an osteolytic sternal mass
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009135,Flex view of the left knee
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009136,Anteroposterior view of the left knee
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009137,Severe mediastinitis in a patient with esophageal perforation. Esophagus (arrowhead); air dissection (arrow); sternal notch (asterisk)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009138,CT pulmonary angiography showing bilateral axillary lymphadenopathy (red arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009139,Fluoroscopic image after the placement of the left ureteric stent.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009140,Four chest tubes were inserted to manage pneumothorax in COVID [19] infected patient following barotrauma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009141,Axial slice of the CTA abdomen of the ruptured hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009142,Ultrasound (US) image before the first treatment of Case 1.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009143,US image before the first treatment in Case 2.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009144,Radiovisiography taken the day of the consultation (2019).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009145,Portion of a 2021 control panoramic radiography focused on the old lesion emplacement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009146,Neck computed tomography image. A diffuse wall thickening and intraluminal irregularity are noted in the proximal trachea (arrowhead).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009147,"Contrast-enhanced pelvic computed tomographic image showing a well-enhanced intraluminal bladder mass, consisting of components"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009148,High-resolution CT thorax (mediastinal window) showing right-sided moderate pleural effusion (red arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009149,A chest X-ray revealing a pleural effusion with increased densities in the right chest.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009150,A postoperative weight bearing plain radiograph demonstrating the difference of femoral stem lengths
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009151,Large left pleural effusion seen on chest computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009152,MRI scan of the brain. Sagittal T1 with contrast taken 2 years after surgery showing no residual or recurrent tumor
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009153,"Parasternal long-axis echocardiogrpahy showing pericardial effusion, suggesting pericarditis. LV: left ventricle; LA: left atrium; RV: right ventricle"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009154,Cerebral imaging showed an occipital stroke.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009155,CT scan in favor of eft colonic ishemia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009156,Non-contrast computed tomography scan showing right inguinal lymphadenopathy of largest size measuring 2.7 x 1.6 cm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009157,Computed tomography of the chest shows gas-accumulated lesions on the wall of the esophagus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009158,Normal chest X-ray. Histology of the left testis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009159,Abdominal MRI showed a low-signal nodule on T1-weighted image (encircled).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009160,Digital panoramic radiograph of the patient
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009161, Preoperative chest computed tomography scanning at the local hospital. Space occupying and calcification within the lumen of the thoracic aorta were observed.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009162,Chest radiograph showing pulmonary edema (red arrows) and small pleural effusions (black arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009163,Abdominal CT scan showing a thickened elongated jejunal stricture past the gastrojejunostomy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009164,Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan images revealed a tumor that had spread bilaterally from the sphenoid sinus to the ethmoid sinus and showed multiple honeycomb-like low-density areas and suggested skull base infiltration
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009165,Positron emission tomography-CT (PET-CT) showed uptake of 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose in the sphenoid sinus (maximum standardized uptake value of 15.83) (white arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009166,MRI showing a moderate right mastoid effusion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009167,"67-year-old male patient with suspected and ultimately confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, who presented with fever, dry cough, dyspnea, headaches, and myalgia. Chest CT revealed peripherally accentuated ground-glass opacities (white arrow) and consolidations (black arrows) without pleural effusion. Quality rating: 0 (optimal quality). DLP: 83.4 mGy*cm."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009168,Method for measuring NSD. NSD nasal septal deviation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009169,"Chest X-ray revealing bilateral basal lung infiltration in the COVID-19 patient. COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009170,Chest X-ray revealing severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. A pacemaker was inserted for arrhythmia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009171,Computed tomography imaging of a 55-year-old Chinese woman that presented with sudden numbness and weakness of her left limbs on admission showing a left lung metastasis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009172,Computed tomography imaging of a 55-year-old Chinese woman that presented with sudden numbness and weakness of her left limbs on admission. Imaging at 2 weeks after surgery that showed that the bleeding had disappeared in the focus area and the focus area showed a low-density softened shadow.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009173,Computed tomography imaging of a 55-year-old Chinese woman that presented with sudden numbness and weakness of her left limbs on admission. Imaging after three cycles of the etoposide and cisplatin induction chemotherapy regimen showing that the pulmonary lesions were reduced significantly.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009174,"Three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography-guided localization of reimplanted coronary ostia. The green arrows show coronary ostia, while the blue line represents the distance from the annular plane."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009175,PET/CT showed a thickening of the distal sigmoid colon and distant lymph nodes in the left supraclavicular region.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009176,Ultrasonography showed scrotum with fluid collection.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009177,T1-weighted MRI lumbar spine without contrast demonstrated L5-S1 disc space narrowing with posterior disc bulge.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009178,CT abdomen and pelvis with contrast demonstrated persistent right hip effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009179,"Elastography of Patient's LiverThe first three of twelve separate sections of our patient's liver examined using elastography. Note heterogenous blue, green, yellow, orange, and red admixed, indicating increasing areas of fibrosis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009180,"Elastography of Medical Student's LiverHomogenously blue liver, indicating the normal velocity of shear wave transmission (1.33 m/s). Elastography indicates normal hepatocytes with no sign of fibrosis (METAVIR F = 0)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009181,Arterial enhanced T1: no arterial enhancement shown within the lesion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009182,Chest X-ray (anteroposterior view) demonstrating right-sided pulmonary infiltrates as pointed by arrows.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009183,"In vivo [18F]FSPG PET/CT imaging of a mouse bearing a subcutaneous A549 tumor. Maximum intensity projection 40–60 min after [18F]FSPG injection following the manual removal of the bed. White arrowheads indicate the tumor margins. P, pancreas; B, bladder."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009184,Color Doppler image demonstrating cord prolapse
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009185,CT Chest showing extensive subcutaneous emphysema.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009186,"Post-contrast phase axial CT showing long segment edematous thickening of the mid ileal loop with surrounding fat stranding (shown in red arrow), multiple enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes (shown by the yellow arrow), and fluid and adjacent extra luminal air"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009187,Aortogram post-bilateral percutaneous subclavian artery stenting (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009188,"Intraoperative ultrasound findings.In the sagittal plane, the lesion was located at the L3-L4 level, but there was no continuity with the disc. Dura continuity was identified between the lesion and the ventral low echoic region."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009189,Post-treatment MR showed a completed response of the right parapharyngeal space tumor.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009190,Typical radiological findings seen on a chest radiograph of the patient following endotracheal intubation for acute respiratory distress syndrome.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009191,Shows the atrial septal defect.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009192, Postoperative plain film: The orange arrow shows that the physis of the distal tibia has started to close.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009193,Right cardiac catheterization demonstrated a narrowing of the right pulmonary artery before endovascular procedure.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009194,The deployment of the device. Contrast injection confirming no residual leakage.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009195,Chest X-ray on Admission
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009196,Ultrasonography (transverse view) showing an incarcerated ovary (arrow) within an inguinal hernia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009197,Ultrasonography with Doppler showing an incarcerated ovary (arrow) within an inguinal hernia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009198,Postoperative X-rays of hip joints showed well integrated and positioned component.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009199,3D Reconstruction of Lower Limb CT Angiography Showing Left Leg Arterial and Venous Dilation with Extensive Venous Varicosities in the Left Calf
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009200,Sonar raw data. This is the raw data picture of the sonar facing the corner of the experimental pool.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009201,Typical mild CT finding - 85-year-old male patient - Dead - peripheral ground glass density in the lower lobe of both lungs
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009202,Atypical CT finding - 53-year-old male patient - peripheral focal ground glass density in right lung lower lobe
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009203,Typical mild CT finding - 60-year-old male patient -peripheral focal ground glass densities in lower lobes of both lungs
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009204,"Computed tomography of the orbits with intravenous contrast, axial image, demonstrating a large right draining vein into the cavernous sinus (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009205,"Aortic arch arteriography: injection of contrast through a catheter advanced to the aortic arch revealed no antegrade flow to the innominate artery, which appeared to fill via collateral vessels and via retrograde flow. Unobstructed antegrade flow through the left carotid artery and the left subclavian artery was visualized."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009206,Initial post-operative AP radiograph demonstrating a satisfactory position of the bipolar hemiarthroplasty.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009207,"MRI cervical spine, Sagittal T2 view showing hyperintensity along with the dorsal columns at multiple levels (arrow). Some posterior disc bulges are also present."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009208,"MRI cervical spine, axial T2 at the level of C3-4 showing dorsal column hyperintensity in a classic ‘inverted V’ pattern typical for subacute combined degeneration/copper myeloneuropathy (arrow). "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009209,Trans-oesophageal echocardiogram showing mitral valve infective endocarditis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009210,"Short axis view showing dilated proximal left coronary artery, measuring 4.8 mm in diameter"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009211,"Short axis view showing dilated proximal left coronary artery, measuring 5.5 mm in diameter"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009212,"The plain CT brain showed acute left parietal epidural hematoma at the convexity of the left parietal bone (pointed in the image), measuring 9.7 x 5.2 x 8.4 cm in maximum AP, CC, and transverse dimensions with significant mass effect and a midline shift of 4 mm. AP: anterior-posterior, CC: craniocaudal"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009213,CT brain done showed redemonstration of operative bed subgaleal and epidural heterogenous marginally enhancing collection measuring 7 x 4.5 x 4.5 cm (pointed in the image).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009214, Abdominal computed tomographic scanning of Case 2. The axial image showed saccular extrahepatic aneurysmal dilatation of the portal vein (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009215,B-scan ultrasonography revealing hyperechogenicity of lens capsule and cortex indicating cataract with normal other ocular structures for the left eye.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009216,Computed tomographic scan of the abdomen with contrast depicting moderate to severe dense ascites (asterisks) with peritoneal thickening and omental caking (dashed arrows). Multiple subcentimetric lymph nodes (solid arrows) are seen at the root of the mesentery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009217,A chest X-ray at the second admission shows bilateral diffuse coalescent miliary airspace opacities.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009218,"Retrograde pyelogram showing invagination of mid ureter for about 4–5 cm, lumbar vertebra 3 is shown for orientation."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009219, Computed tomography revealed left emphysematous pyelonephritis and multiple renal stones with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009220," Computed tomography image. Computed tomography showed no stones in the left renal pelvis, and the stones in the lower calyx were also significantly smaller in size and fewer in number than before."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009221,"Maximum intensity projection of CXCR4-directed PET/CT with [68Ga]Pentixafor in a 67-year-old patient with acute COVID-19 infection. Beyond bilateral pneumonia with reactive hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes, inflammatory foci in the lymphoid tissue of the neck could be depicted. In addition, the reactive activation of both bone marrow and spleen is visualized. The patient’s condition deteriorated quickly after imaging and he was transferred to the ICU on the day after PET/CT [C. Lapa, unpublished data]."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009222,Pre-operative X-ray showing a subcoracoid subtype of anterior shoulder dislocation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009223,One-year follow-up X-ray showing well-reduced glenohumeral joint.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009224,MRI post-contrast subtracted axial image of the breast. There is a 12 × 7 mm lesion within the lower central aspect of the breast. This demonstrated Type 3 enhancement. This was given an MRI grading of MRI 4 (BI-RADS 4B). No abnormal axillary lymph nodes were detected at the time.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009225,Pelvis with zero rotation and tilt with no positive crossover sign.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009226,The same pelvis with a change in tilt (4 degrees) and the appearance of a positive crossover sign.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009227,Radiological evidence showing post-operative united bone of femoral neck.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009228,Axial computed tomography image through the mid lung fields showing cannonball rounded lung lesions bilaterally consistent with metastases.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009229,Axial computed tomography image through the liver showing heterogeneous attenuation of the liver parenchyma caused by multiple ill-defined hypodense liver lesions infiltrating both lobes.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009230,Computed tomography scan of patient B demonstrating enlarged left axillary lymph nodes (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009231,Contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen showed perihepatic hemorrhage and splenic aneurysm (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009232,Mitral Annular Disjunction Characterised by the Detachment of the Roots of the Posterior Part of the Mitral Annulus Under P1 and P2 Segments
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009233,Antegrade urethrogram with the resected area marked in red line.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009234,US image showing a hypoechoic nodule of a maximum diameter of 47.5 mm with regular margins and with some contextual anechoic areola.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009235,"Female 42 years old, left thyroid papillary microcarcinoma, size 7.5∗7∗5.7 mm, no cervical lymph node metastases."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009236,Coronal view of the pre-operative abdominal CT. The appendix was incarcerated inside the inguinal hernia and surrounded by a large amount of simple fluid.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009237,CT angiogram chest showing no evidence of pulmonary emboli and extensive patchy multifocal pneumonia consistent with COVID-19 pneumonia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009238,Axial CT image of depicting the bladder and showing no evidence of abnormal nodularity 3 months later.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009239,Sagittal view computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the abdomen and pelvis with a yellow arrow showing moderate median arcuate ligament compression of the celiac artery resulting in moderate ostial stenosis and post-stenotic dilatation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009240,Abdominal MRI. Blue arrow: neoplastic lesions of the duodenal papilla. Green and red arrows: severe dilatation of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009241,Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography performed 7 months after stent graft placement shows a marked increase in FDG accumulation (maximum standardized uptake value = 36.95) in the mass lesion (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009242,"CT obtained on ED presentation, showing evidence of SBO with dilated loops of bowel (yellow arrows)SBO: small bowel obstruction"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009243,MRI showing superior mesenteric vein thrombus. Arrow: superior mesenteric vein with thrombus inside the vein lumen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009244,MRI of the neck revealed diffused contrast enhanced right sided neck mass with extension to the base of the tongue.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009245,CT Scan image showing right upper pole kidney TB lesions—transversal view.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009246,CT Scan showing perinephric edema mimicking pyelonephritis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009247,"Brain CT, ventricular enlargement, and periventricular calcification."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009248,Chest radiograph showing cavitary lesion in the right upper lung lobe (circle) and new focal opacity (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009249,CT angiogram of the head and neck showing aberrant right subclavian artery. CT angiogram of the head and neck showed an aberrant right subclavian artery (blue arrow) arising directly from the aortic arch distal to the left subclavian artery and traversing posterior to the trachea and esophagus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009250,Axial reformatted unenhanced thorax computed tomography image demonstrates subpleural ground-glass opacities (arrows) in the bilateral lung.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009251,Lateral neck X-ray. A: Thickening of the palatine tonsils. B: Thickening of the epiglottis. C: Thickening of the aryepiglottic folds. D: Patent airway.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009252,Computerized tomography myelogram suggestive of left foraminal stenosis at C5–6 level due to bony spur (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009253,Right descending aortic arch with left arteria lusoria originating from a Kommerell diverticulum (*) with compression of the trachea. Reproduced with permission from Cardiovasc Med: w10132: doi 104414.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009254,Postoperative CT-angiography after resection of the diverticulum (dotted line). Just on the right is the distally translocated left subclavian artery. Reproduced with permission from Cardiovasc Med: w10132: doi 104414.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009255,"Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of isolated CoA. Cardiac MRI showing a discrete and isolated CoA. This modality offers high resolution imaging of the entire aortic arch, helping localize the extent and significance of the coarctation."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009256,"Ultrasound image of the BI-RADS-US class 4b, diabetic mastopathy-type lesion measuring 11 × 8 × 9 mm in a 37-year-old female."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009257,"CT of the head shows mild, vague patchy areas of low attenuation in the periventricular white matter, likely ischemic/hypertensive in nature. Dense bilateral near-symmetric areas of increased density/mineralization in the left and right basal ganglia and to a lesser degree, the left and right posterior thalamus dentate nuclei are seen as well, likely representing Fahr’s disease."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009258,"CT chest pulmonary angiogram shows atelectasis in the right middle lobe and bilateral lower lobes, significantly worse in the left lower lobe"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009259,Computed tomography scan at the level of kidney displaying hyperdensity at the left pedicle suggestive of bone metastasis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009260,Axial fused image of a patient. There was a big hyperintense lesion on b1000 diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging diagnosed as cholesteatoma localized in the tympanic and mastoid cavities. Empyema was found in this localization during the surgery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009261,"CT chest with contrast, axial 3 mm slice taken just below the level of the subclavian artery origin."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009262,The resection was performed and the reconstruction plate was fixed to the area.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009263,Sagittal 2D CT with C0-2 construct with condylar screws and mature fusion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009264,"Coronary angiogram after percutaneous coronary intervention. LAD, left anterior descending artery; RCA, right coronary artery; RCX, ramus circumflexus."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009265,Posteroanterior chest radiograph.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009266,"Magnetic resonance imaging scan of the chest (axial view, T2-weighted imaging)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009267,Sagittal plane: Cranial computed tomography scan.Arrows indicate the osteolytic regions of the hard palate and posterior table of the frontal sinus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009268,Brain magnetic resonance imaging of the patient: Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery after the first surgical intervention.The arrow shows the ischemic regions of the brain.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009269,Transthoracic echocardiography (parasternal long-axis view) shows LV hypertrophy and the involvement of the mitral leaflets (arrow) and the subvalvular apparatus by deposits in a patient with mucopolysaccharidosis syndrome type I-S.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009270,Transesophageal echocardiography (short-axis view) shows an aortic valve area of 0.7 cm2 (arrow) via the direct planimetry method.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009271,"On the post-contrast study, the arterial phase axial section shows a well-defined dilated vascular channel arising from the branch of the right pulmonary artery within a large cavity in the right middle lobe with homogenous intense enhancement similar to the aorta in the arterial phase image."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009272,Cronarography (RAO straight projection). No lesions in the right coronary artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009273,Magnetic resonance imaging of the heart showing disseminated subepicardial and midwall late enhancement lesions here in the lateral wall of the left ventricle (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009274,The plain radiograph one year before the patient succumbed to death. There was an extensive involvement of the proximal right femur with no evidence of a similar lesion within the visualized contralateral femur. The left femoral nail remained in situ. R: right.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009275,Enhanced chest CT scan findings. Enhanced chest CT showed an about 22-mm-sized heterogeneous enhanced nodule in the left chest wall at the fifth–sixth intercostal level
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009276,"MRI angiography, axial LAVA sequence acquired in arterial phase after administration of intravenous contrast media, with Maximum Intensity Projection reformatting. This image depicts the highly vascularized lesion and its feeding vessels (blue arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009277,"FDG PET/CT (image fusion technique) acquired in an early phase, 3 min after administration of the 18FDG. The image shows intense uptake of the 18FDG by the tumor (white arrow). The smaller high uptake spot on the left corresponds to physiological collection of urine within the ureter (purple arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009278,Computed tomography scan of gallbladder fundus herniation into parastomal hernia (arrow) with thickened fundal wall and pericholecystic fluid in axial plane.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009279,Sagittal view (MRI) of the right adnexal cyst. Note its simple appearance.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009280,"Cardiac CT scan with diffuse myocardial calcinations and pericardial effusion, performed on day 20 of ICU treatment (axial image)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009281,Midtreatment OPG showing OIEARR varying from moderate to severe in maxillary teeth and mild in mandibular teeth.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009282, Color Doppler image showing an edema acardiac twin with reverse perfusion through the umbilical cord.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009283,Radiography of pelvic bone. A needle fragment showed in the right groin (yellow circle).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009284,"A 16-slice computed tomographic scan revealed a left lung nodule superior lobe (2.8×1.2 cm) anterior segment. The nodule had a spiculated sign, pleural indentation, vessel convergence, and multiple burr shadows on the edges."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009285,An enlarged lymph node that can be touched on the surface of the body is proven to be structurally abnormal by color ultrasound and is eventually used for pathological biopsy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009286, Postoperative neck computed tomography when swelling under the left ear and fever occurred. A hypodensity shadow within the caudal lobe of the left parotid gland was present (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009287,"X-ray chest in a single view. The central line of the right internal jugular vein (IJV) as highlighted by an arrow is visible, with the tip protruding into the predicted location of the mid- superior vena cava (SVC).  There is no evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Bilaterally, ill-defined patchy mild interstitial alveolar opacities are visible as highlighted by arrows."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009288,Periprosthetic femoral fracture with stem mobilization and inadequate bone stock
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009289,Distal details of revision arthroplasty 
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009290,X-ray showing stage I sarcoidosis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009291,Axial view of the contrast enhanced computed tomography of the pelvis showing an irregular heterogenous mass arising from the uterine cervix (yellow arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009292,"Axial, post-contrast CT, arterial phase demonstrating fetal head with hydrocephalus (horizontal arrow), fetal thoracic cavity located within the left side of the maternal abdomen (vertical arrow), and early filling of the engorged right ovarian vein (oblique arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009293,"Axial, venous phase post-contrast CT, through the pelvis, showing engorged, tortuous right ovarian vein (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009294,"Coronal post IV contrast MIP image showing fetal head with scaphocephaly (oblique arrow), fetal body within the left paracolic gutter (horizontal arrow), and early filling of the right ovarian vein (vertical arrow).MIP: maximum intensity projection"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009295,Right uterine artery angiogram showing the prominent tortuous right uterine artery (horizontal arrow) and early filling of the right ovarian vein (oblique arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009296,The intervertebral foramen and vertebral artery foramen can be displayed on the same plane. The dorsal point of the foramen was selected as the target point. The orientation of the positional line was parallel to the pedicle of the foramen and the intersection of the extension line and the skin is the needle insert point.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009297,"Second step we insert the Radiofrequency needle along the line path, and the depth was not deeper than 1/2 of the upper articular surface."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009298,"A sample processed CT image of a study patient obtained using the slice. Omatic software program that includes cross-sectional areas of SKM (red), visceral fat (blue), subcutaneous fat (teal), and intramuscular fat (green)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009299, Computerized tomography (CT) of the head. Coronal non-contrast head CT image showing left-sided nasal bone spur (blue arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009300,CT angiography showing the nodular extravasation of contrast outlining the hematoma (arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009301,Preoperative MRI brain contrast - B
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009302,Postoperative CT scan brain - B
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009303,Initial CT chest without contrast findings.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009304,Panthoracic subcutaneous emphysema with single chest tube in place s/p resolution of recurrent PTX.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009305,Preoperative right foot lateral radiograph taken at the time of presentation showing prior dorsal cheilectomy.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009306,Postoperative oblique radiograph of the right foot demonstrating hallux rigidus correction with OCA implantation on the metatarsal head.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009307,Anteroposterior radiograph of the right foot taken three years post-OCA implantation with complete resolution of hallux rigidus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009308,Oblique radiograph of the right foot taken three years post-OCA implantation with complete resolution of hallux rigidus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009309,Chest X-Ray showing finding suggestive of left pleural effusion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009310,Coronal view CT of the abdomen and pelvis with intravenous contrast post cystogastrostomy stent (arrow) placement demonstrating decompression of the giant pseudocyst. Residual gas and fluid are present in the collection.CT - computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009311,Sagittal view CT of the abdomen and pelvis with intravenous contrast post cystogastrostomy stent (arrow) placement demonstrating decompression of the giant pseudocyst. Residual gas and fluid are present in the collection.CT - computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009312,Sagittal view CT of the abdomen and pelvis with intravenous contrast at three-month follow-up showing a drainage catheter extending from the stomach to the collapsed pseudocyst within the left upper quadrant. There was no evidence of fluid re-accumulation.CT - computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009313,"Endoscopic ultrasonography demonstrated an irregular hypoechoic area within the head of the pancreas above, involving the lower common bile duct"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009314,Contrast CT angiogram demonstrating left internal carotid artery aneurysm
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009315,Final orthopantomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009316,Portal imaging of radiotherapy for osteoarthritis of multiple finger joints
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009317,"Pre-operative computed tomography coronary angiogram image of mycotic aneurysms and para-aortic abscess. Abnormal aortic appearance with outpouching of both right and left coronary cusps resulting in abnormal cavity consistent with ‘mycotic aneurysms’. There is also a para-aortic thickening and extravasation of contrast suggestive of ‘para-aortic abscess’ formation. Abs, abscess; Asc A, ascending aorta; AV, aortic valve; LMCA, left main coronary artery; LV, left ventricle; MA, mycotic aneurysms; RCA, right coronary artery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009318,In the superior pole there is a focal area of marked increased flow (arrow) with disorganized echoes cyst suggesting an arteriovenous fistula.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009319,Postembolization arteriogram demonstrates resolution of the venous drainage area.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009320,"Morphometric measurements cross-sectional total paraspinal area (TPA, green), total rotator-cuff area (TRA, red), and total pectoral area (TPeA, yellow). Total muscle area (TMA) was defined as the sum of the former three measurements segmented on axial cross-sectional plane at the level of the fifth thoracic vertebra. Both transverse processes are visible in this plane."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009321,Post-embolization computed tomography scan showing successful occlusion of gastroduodenal artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009322,Contrast computed tomography scan of abdomen and pelvis showing increased fluid within the lesser sac and peripancreatic location (transverse view).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009323,Intraoperative lateral X-ray fluoroscopic image of a left knee after tibial tubercle distalization osteotomy to confirm that the tubercle is appropriately positioned and patellar height is appropriate.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009324,Chest computed tomography showing bilateral pulmonary crazy paving appearances
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009325,Multifocal ground‐glass opacities in low‐dose high‐resolution chest computed tomography (HRCT)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009326,CT abdomen showing right hydrosalpinx
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009327,CT abdomen showing bilateral hydrosalpinx right greater than left
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009328,"Sagittal T1, sagittal T2, axial T2, with addition of sagittal STIR and resolve sequences. There is increased signal in the right piriformis muscle consistent with myositis (circled)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009329,"Sagittal T1, sagittal T2, axial T2, with addition of sagittal STIR and resolve sequences. MRI demonstrated small amount of fluid in the right SI joint with associated bone marrow edema suggesting sacroiliitis and osteomyelitis (circled)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009330,FLAIR image of brain MRI after development of neurological symptoms reveals high-intensity area in bilateral temporal lobes (red arrowheads).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009331,"A panoramic scan showed several missing teeth, extensive interdental alveolar bone loss, and teeth that seemed to be ""floating in air"" due to their increased spacing and gingival recession up to the apical third of roots on the patient."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009332,Intraoral Periapical radiograph showing minimal bone loss in interdental aspect of teeth 21 and 22 [Site A].
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009333,Transesophageal echocardiography illustrates a mass (arrow) in the LA with dynamic mitral valve stenosis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009334,Chest X-ray showing bilateral intraparenchymal lung lesions
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009335,Pelvic MRI revealing normal ovaries (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009336,"CT scan chest: right-sided pleural effusion, anterior mediastinal mass. CT: computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009337,Arrow: CT revealed a 2.16 × 1.92 cm enhancing nodule over ampulla vater region. CT = computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009338,Arrow: Angiography showed extravasation of contrast from proper hepatic artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009339,"Angiography before deployment of 2nd Viabahn stent to determine landing zone, 2 mm before bifurcation into right and left hepatic artery. Arrow: Bifurcation of right and left hepatic artery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009340," A 39-year-old female patient presented with right loin pain due to right hypoplastic kidney. An intravenous urography film showing the right hypoplastic kidney with preservation of the normal shape of the pelvicalyceal system and fine details of the whole kidney without obstruction, despite the presence of a right lower ureteral stone. Note the difference between the sizes of both kidneys that are outlined by the arrows."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009341,Heterogeneous fat and partial soft tissue opacity nasopharyngeal mass lesion depressing the soft palate
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009342,A sixteen-slice CT examination of the mediastinal window revealed a soft tissue shadow near the bronchus (see arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009343,Ultrasound picture showing empty uterus with fundal vascularization.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009344,"Axial thoracic CT scan cut of lower thoracic region set at pulmonary window; this cut depicts pleural effusion, ground‐glass opacity and collapse consolidation"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009345,Computed tomography (axial view) scan of abdomen showing diffuse peripancreatic inflammatory changes and fat stranding.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009346,"Transesophageal echocardiography images indicate residual chordae causes restraining the closure of mitral valve leaflet. LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; RA, right atrium."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009347,"Basal lung consolidation in a 8 month-old girl, showing hypoechoic triangular shape, pleural line attenuation (thick arrows), air (thin arrows) and fluid (triangles) bronchograms. Depth is approximately 2.5 cm (dotted green line). Ultrasonographic appearance is compatible with pneumonia. Image captured using a 3.0–16.0 MHz linear array transducer."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009348,Brain MRI (DWI) on day two of hospital admission. The axial view of the DWI shows symmetrical high-intensity lesions at the bilateral head of caudate nucleus and putamen.DWI: diffusion-weighted imaging
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009349,Computed tomography scan section of a 23-year-old female patient investigated for a 4-month long febrile syndrome that shows discretely circumferentially thickened walls at the left subclavian artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009350,Computed tomography scan section of a 23-year-old female patient investigated for a 4-month long febrile syndrome that shows discretely circumferentially thickened walls at the emergence of the brachiocephalic arterial trunk and at the emergence of the left common carotid.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009351,A 17-year-old male with protein C deficiency. 2D time of flight magnetic resonance venography image shows nonocclusive thrombus within the dominant right sigmoid sinus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009352,The ventrodorsal radiograph of adult White-Tailed Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) (number 5). Arrow showing small metallic opacities suggestive for ingested Pb ammunition particles in different segments of gastrointestinal tract.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009353,"Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrates a massive pericardial effusion (21 mm) at the posterior, without any sign of right ventricle chamber collapse."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009354,CT of the Heart Showing the Anatomy of the Left Atrium Appendage and its Relationship with Adjacent Structures
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009355,MRI showing the lower lesion (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009356,CT scan of chest showing multiple lung metastases (black arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009357,Fracture classification and displacement degree.Radiograph showing a Delbet type-Ⅲ femoral neck fracture with significant displacement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009358,Reduction quality.Unsatisfactory reduction: The widest distance of the fracture ends is obvious (more than 10mm); the diaphragm is poorly aligned (more than 10°).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009359,"Reduction quality.Satisfactory reduction: The fractures ends have good alignment, no displacement and no angle."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009360,"The last follow-up evaluation at 12 months postoperatively.Radiograph reveals regular femoral head morphology, uniform density, and no avascular necrosis of the femoral head."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009361,Axial T2-weighted MRI image post right total parotidectomy presenting a standard view of the post-operative site with one remaining lesion in the superficial lobe of the left parotid gland
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009362,Computed tomogram (CT) Chest- Coronal view. Marked volume loss in the left upper lobe with a large cavity containing some soft tissue density material the appearances of which are those of an aspergilloma (blue arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009363,A contrast-enhanced T1 axial MRI showed a cranial epidural abscess. on the left side of the epidural space.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009364,"FDG-PET revealed multiple lesions with intense FDG uptake due to malignant disease (thyroid, mediastinal lymph nodes, lungs, bone, muscle, heart, liver, and adrenal)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009365,"MRCP showing dilatation of CBD measuring 16 mm in diameter.MRCP, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography; CBD, common bile duct."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009366,Input T1 sequence image.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009367,Image enhancement of Figure 8.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009368,Axial plane CT showing infiltration around the mesh.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009369,Axial plane CT showing the mesh migration into the bladder.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009370,Contouring of the portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) (black arrow) and organ at risk (OAR) and the treatment plans were developed.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009371,"Moderate-sized intraperitoneal hematoma in the right hemiabdomen, between the duodenal C-loop and the transverse colon hepatic flexure, measuring 92 x 78 x 89 mm"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009372,Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen showing multiple pancreatic pseudocysts in the abdomen
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009373,"Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen showing pseudocyst at diaphragm level, traversing the hiatus"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009374,Transverse view of computed tomography with angiography of the chest showing a ventricular free wall rupture with extravasation of contrast from the left ventricle to the pericardial space (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009375,(A) The needle penetrated the foramen ovale; (B) the puncture needle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009376,Contrast media is injected into the balloon to fill the balloon and obtain the “pear” shape.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009377,USG image of the erector spinae plane block application. USG: ultrasonography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009378,Magnetic resonance imaging displaying a soft-tissue mass with low signal intensity between the second and third metatarsal in a T-1 weighted sequence
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009379,Preoperative intraoral periapical radiograph
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009380,Working length determination
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009381,12 months follow up radiograph
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009382,Post-TAVI aorta-gram showing mild aortic regurgitation (AR).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009383,"On computed tomography, right and left condylar fractures were level 2, but there were multiple fragments on the left side."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009384,US of left groin area showed left groin abscess.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009385,Fat-suppressed T1 coronal image on MRI revealed no contrast enhancement of the optic nerve in both eyes.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009386,Antero-posterior view radiograph of the left ankle shows an increased medial clear space (white arrow) of the ankle joint.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009387,Lateral view radiograph of the left ankle shows posterior malleolar fracture (white arrow) with less than 25% involvement of tibiotalar articulation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009388,"Postoperative antero-posterior view radiograph of the left ankle at three months, shows a reduced ankle joint with normal medial clear space (white arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009389,Transthoracic echocardiography showing a 2 cm X 2.1 cm mobile mass in the left atrium
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009390,"Contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen in coronal view showing the “double-duct” sign (double arrows) with the solid-line arrow representing a dilated CBD and the broken-line arrow representing a dilated MPD. Also shown are dilated intrahepatic ducts (single solid-line arrow). CT, computerized tomography; CBD, common bile duct; MPD, main pancreatic duct."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009391,A 5 Fr Judkins right 4 catheter was used for angiography of the right system demonstrating no luminal disease (image obtained in LAO/Cranial view).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009392,"Doppler ultrasound of penis: cross section, CC—Corpus Cavernosum Penis. CS—Corpus Spongiosum Penis, Yellow Arrow—Dorsal Superficial penile vein without flow, Red Arrow—Right Dorsal penile artery"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009393,CT findings of subdural effusion after DC in the pressure dressings group.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009394, 18FDG PET‐CT scan showing multifocal myeloid sarcomas
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009395,"Fragment of the panoramic radiograph showing “ghost teeth” (in the mandibular left quadrant) characteristic of regional odontodysplasia—personal collection (K.N., Poland, 2019)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009396,Radiograph of the same dog in Fig. 4 at the recurrence of the clinical signs. Note the caudal migration of the stent.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009397,Selected coronal CT image showing a large right upper lobe cavity with an irregular nodular wall
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009398,"PET-CT of the tumor (red circle) shows 18FDG uptake, especially in the mass area inside the tumor. The uptake in the tumor capsule is less intense, but well defined in the acquired images. The silicone implant (white triangle) is rotated, with a low uptake area in the fibrous capsule dehiscence (orange arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009399,Postoperative orthopantomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009400,"Chest computed tomography scan shows a well marginated, round, solid mass lesion about 3.5 cm in the right middle lobe between the medial and lateral segmental bronchi (arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009401,"MRI Brain with contrast enhancement. T. 1 image showing central clearing, heterogeneous contrast enhancement with rim enhancement. Consistent with glioblastoma multiforme."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009402,Post-operative CT scan disclosed a well-decompressed hypoglossal canal (asterisk).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009403,Post-operative follow-up MRI only demonstrated post-operative changes (arrows) and did not reveal any evidence of IPT recurrence.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009404,"Cephalometric analysis according to the method of Kim.14,15"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009405,Image of the patient's pulmonary embolism as assessed by chest computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009406,Transvaginal ultrasound showing the longitudinal view of uterus revealing intrauterine gestational sac with single fetal pole and yolk sac
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009407," The thickened appendix shows complete loss of the regular bowel layers, in general is hypoechoic (between arrows). There is no marked hyperperfusion of the tissue. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009408," The periappendiceal tissue is hyperechoic, representing edema (asterisks). "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009409,"Ultrasound of Left Breast Mass (Radial View)This focused ultrasound image (radial view) of the palpable left breast mass, taken approximately 10-11 cm from the nipple at the eight o'clock position, reveals a prominent fat lobule measuring 6 cm x 2 cm with an area of hypoechoic change along the edge of the lobule that is avascular and has the sonographic appearance of probable fat necrosis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009410,"Computed tomography chest (axial cut), depicting bilateral, peripheral-basal predominant ground-glass opacities, and small pericardial effusion."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009411,"CT scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis. It shows that the lesion is seemingly invading the lower posterolateral pleura (red arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009412,CT mesenteric angiogram showing contrast extravasation in distal ileum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009413,Abdominal computed tomography showing dilated stomach
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009414,Upper gastrointestinal radiogram showing stomach dilatation
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009415,"High-resolution CT image through the mid-chest demonstrating ground-glass opacities (oblique arrow), smooth bronchial wall thickening (horizontal arrow), and atelectasis (vertical arrow) within the middle lobe of the right lung."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009416,CT scan of retroperitoneal left mass after four cycles of chemotherapy
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009417, Computed tomography with contrast of the head and neck on day 2 (coronal view) found a dilated left internal mammary artery with possible bleeding (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009418, Computed tomography with contrast of the head and neck on day 2 (axial view) demonstrated dilated left internal mammary artery with possible bleeding (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009419,"Patient’s RUG before operation, showing stenosis in the proximal region of the bulbar urethra"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009420,Speckled tracking applied to the B-mode ultrasound clip of the pleura of an acute decompensated congestive heart failure patient; yellow lines the vector of movement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009421,A pelvic CT scan showed cutaneous ulceration over the left labia and air in the subcutaneous fat of the left groin and left lower abdominal wall.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009422,A thoracic CT scan showing a right breast lump (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009423,"Sagittal T1 Gd+ MRI of the lumbar spine. Sagittal T1 Gd+ MRI of the lumbar spine showing two intradural cauda equina tumours, a larger one at the L3 level (big arrow) and a smaller one at the S2 level (small arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009424,"Axial T1 Gd+ MRI Axial T1 Gd+ MRI above the superior end of the tumour shows a large intrathecal vessel that continues rostrally (arrow), indicative of a hypervascular lesion."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009425,"Sagittal post-operative T1 Gd+ MRISagittal post-operative T1 Gd+ MRI showing complete removal of the tumour at L3 (grey arrow) and increase in the size of the smaller one at S2 (red arrow), at the time of patient’s coccygodynia relapse."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009426,Chest X-ray showing right pleural effusion
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009427,Use of the 3D:OnDemand software to locate the specific points of median sagittal sections for maxillary anterior teeth and to measure crown to root angle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009428,re-operative radiograph
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009429,radiograph of maxillary incisors 2 years after injury
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009430,Thrombosis of left femoral and external and common iliac veins.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009431,"Under fluoroscopy, an aortic occlusion balloon catheter was positioned in the restricted free inferior caval space just below the renal veins."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009432,Pre-treatment tracheal collapse in a patient.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009433,A CT abdomen with contrast demonstrating scant partial pneumomediastinum captured in an intubated patient with COVID-19
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009434,An Anterior-Posterior portable film demonstrating extensive soft-tissue subcutaneous emphysema with underlying patchy bilateral opacities within the lung in an intubated patient with COVID-19
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009435,"Ultrasonography image of foreign body Subcutaneous, associated with the parotid gland, approximately 14x2 mm in size, linear-shaped, hyperechoic image."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009436,Transesophageal echocardiogram showing severe mitral regurgitation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009437,Transesophageal echocardiogram showing trivial mitral regurgitation after valve-in-valve procedure.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009438,Initial 10 April 2008 orthopantomography (OPG) X-ray (10-year-old).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009439,Pelvis radiography in 2021 with a wide pubic symphysis (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009440,Post-interventional Angiography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009441,A case of tracheoscopic operation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009442,T1 weighted image sagittal section showing a well-defined solid-cystic lesion involving the subcutaneous plane of the right shoulder.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009443,The 5×5-right atrial mass (black arrow) extending into the vena cava (white arrowhead). Left ventricular wall (white arrow) and pericardial lining (black arrowhead) also associated with a large pericardial effusion (asterisk).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009444,"Preoperative computed tomography (CT) revealed a 20‐mm diameter solid nodular shadow (arrowheads) in the posterior basal (S10) segment, which was strongly suspected to be a pulmonary metastasis from colorectal cancer"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009445,"CT Head without contrast, demonstrating subacute infarct and cerebral edema (arrow)CT: computed tomography"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009446,The chest and abdominal radiograph shows the presence of an umbilical venous catheter with its tip situated in the right branch of the portal vein (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009447,"FDG PET-CT images. FDG PET-CT showed FDG uptake in the whole pancreas (SUV max of 5.4, arrowhead). FDG, fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose; PET-CT, positron emission tomography/computed tomography; SUVmax, maximum standard uptake value."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009448,Neck of the pancreas lesion (arterial phase)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009449,Head of the pancreas lesion (arterial phase)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009450,Abdominal X-ray showing the IVC filter. IVC: Inferior Vena Cava
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009451,"The measurement of femoral neck shortening. On the anteroposterior radiograph, the line was made through the center of the femoral head in the long axis of the femoral neck on both sides. The distance between the tip of the femoral head and the intertrochanteric line was measured. And the length of femoral neck shortening is the distance on the uninjured side minus the distance on the injured side"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009452,Preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan. The yellow arrow indicates a pancreatic cancer site
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009453,"Contrast-enhanced computed tomography examination on day 134 after surgery. The yellow and blue arrows indicate the drain and the abscess cavity, respectively"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009454,PA chest x-ray showed bilateral lung mass with opacification of the right and left hemithorax.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009455,Chest CT showing huge mediastinal mass (measurements as noted) along with massive left-sided pleural effusion (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009456,Abdominal CT showing portacaval and aortocaval lymph nodes
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009457,Tangential fluoroscopic image of subchondral bone of acetabulum at 3-o’clock position. The drill guide is in position for drilling of a 3-o’clock anchor.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009458,Non-significant stenosis in LADLAD: left anterior descendent
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009459,Right coronary artery (RCA) angiogram
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009460,"T2-weighted magnetic resonance image demonstrating the tumor mainly with low signal intensity (arrow). The tumor shows a capsule-like rim at the left lobe of the prostate, suggesting that it is partially invading the rectal wall (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009461,Anteroposterior mandibular diameter (APD) measurement.Jaw index = APD/biparietal diameter x 100.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009462,Thoracic computed tomography scan revealed pulmonary embolism in bilateral lower lobes.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009463,Chest X-ray at presentation. Blue arrows: Peripheral bilateral patchy opacities
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009464,"42-year-old RAD51C mutation carrier patient with right breast cancer. There is an oval, hypoechoic mass with indistinct margins (arrows), parallel orientation compared to skin, with internal vascularity and soft elastography appearance (TSUKUBA score 2). Pathology: IDC-NST, ER/PR/HER2-negative, grade 3, Ki67 = 80%."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009465,ALCAPA coming off the main pulmonary artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009466,Persisting giant right and left coronary aneurysm (arrows) in a boy with previous Kawasaki syndrome (echocardiographic short-axis view).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009467,Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of the left supraclavicular lymph node.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009468,Weightbearing anteroposterior ankle radiograph from a patient submitted to the described technique and 12 months of follow-up.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009469,CT angiography abdomen demonstrating multiple infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009470,"Transvaginal grayscale ultrasound image of the uterus in sagittal plane demonstrates gestational sac (arrow) implanted in the niche of previous caesarean scar site, crossing serosal line (red line), while uterine cavity line (green line) remains intact"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009471,Transthoracic echocardiogram apical-4-chamber view showing reduction of right ventricle basal diameter from 5.2 to 4.3 cm within 3 months.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009472,Echocardiography (subxiphoid view) showing vegetation in the anterior mitral leaflet.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009473,Coronal section of CT demonstrating the site of ureteric rupture and fluid collection inferiorly with perinephric fat stranding. There is also a simple renal cyst.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009474,Axial section of CT demonstrating the site of ureteric rupture and fluid collection inferiorly with perinephric fat stranding.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009475,Coronal section of CT with excretory phase demonstrating no extravasation of contrast.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009476,Coronary angiogram demonstrating occlusion of LCXLCX: left circumflex artery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009477,CECT brain axial view (parenchymal window) showing large right frontotemporal extradural empyema (measuring 8.9 × 2.4 × 9.2 cm) causing mass effect and midline shift.CECT: contrast-enhanced computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009478,Soft tissue interposition (arrowhead) between the fracture fragment
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009479,CT chest showing no consolidation and emphysematous changes due to COPD. Incidental finding of small GGO in the left lower lobe.CT: computed tomography; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GGO: ground-glass opacities
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009480,"FLAIR image, postoperative day 0"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009481,Patient's CXR demonstrating improved aeration of the lungs.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009482,CT Scan showing a polypoidal enhancing mass arising from the bladder diverticulum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009483,Chest computerized tomography (coronal). This is a coronal chest CT showing bilateral peripheral consolidations with diffuse pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009484,Chest X-ray on discharge. This is a chest radiograph performed on hospital day 7 that showed resolution of pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009485,"Large heterogeneous soft tissue mass identified within the right lower quadrant, which indents upon the ascending colon with significant mass-like thickening of the cecum (black arrows)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009486,MRCP: biliary dilatation with a shouldering appearance in the ampulla region. MRCP: magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009487,Chest x-ray showing a significant increase in the cardiac silhouette with bilateral pleural effusion without pulmonary lesions
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009488,"Panoramic radiograph of the patient in the last follow-up visit, at the age of 10 years. He is in mixed dentition phase with normal development of teeth. Failure of exfoliation of upper primary lateral incisors is noticed regardless of eruption of permanent lateral incisors."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009489,"CEMRI axial cut of the brain showing multiple predominantly rim enhancing thick walled lesions with surrounding edema in left frontal, right thalamus, and right ganglio-capsular regions."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009490,Chest CT image of a COVID-19 patient with hyposmia. Axis chest CT scan showed bilateral patchy ground-glass opacities consistent with typical moderate COVID-19.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009491,Blunt aortic injury pathology in Patient #2.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009492,Chest X-ray was acquired in the semi-sitting position and showed bilateral diffuse pulmonary infiltrates consistent with pulmonary edema and bilateral pleural effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009493,CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis with intravenous contrast in the portal venous phase.CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009494,Computed tomography (CT) of the chest showing a large hyperdense pericardial effusion and calcifications.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009495,"Breast radiotherapy plan. An axial cut of patient A's computed tomography (CT) radiotherapy planning scan, through the thorax, of the right breast at the level of the tumor bed (red), surrounded by planning target volume (brown), breast clinical target volume (pink). Turquoise  =  50% isodose line (2120cGy), red  =  95% isodose line (4028cGy), Green  =  100% isodose line (4240cGy)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009496,Abdominal B-type ultrasonography showing both kidneys (normal size) with no separation observed in the collecting system and no dilation in the upper ureter.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009497,Postoperative abdominal X-ray showing performance of double-J tube drainage in the right urinary system.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009498,"Ultrasound of the abdomen showing (white arrows) oval-shaped hyperechogenic area within the abdominal wall, non-vascular on color Doppler, suggesting fat necrosis or lipoma."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009499,"Computerised tomography of the petrous bone. Blue arrow shows 5mm structure in the left external auditory canal near the tympanic membrane. It is in contact with the anterior inferior canal wall which looked eroded. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009500,CT scan showing a Vancouver C type diaphyseal fracture of the right femur. The revision hip arthroplasty with a cemented stem remaining intact.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009501,"Transesopheagal echocardiography showing a large mass, occupying nearly all the left atrium (blue arrow) and mitral obstruction."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009502,CT (coronal reconstruction): huge relapse of mediastinal mass with cardiac and tracheal compression.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009503," On day 1 postesophageal dilatation, the lining of the pericardium is visualized by the extravasation of the contrast during an upper gastrointestinal study. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009504,CT scan with coronal view showing the renal parenchyma shifted to the right and a mass with hypo and hyperdense components within the renal capsule (white arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009505,"Computed tomography of the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis. Coronal reconstruction showing a giant HH involving the stomach and part of the duodenum and transverse colon. The blue arrow corresponds to the esophagus compressed by the hiatal hernia; the red arrow corresponds to the duodenum."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009506,Cervical lesion observed on cervical CT scan
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009507,CT of the brain showing evidence of right basal ganglia infarct on 14.07.2020 (day of admission).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009508,HRCT of chest (28.07.2020) showing right-sided lower lobe lung abscess with right-sided pleural effusion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009509,Computed tomography urography image showing a mixed solid-cystic mass in the right testicular and epididymal area.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009510,"Snapshot of transthoracic echocardiogram (off axis right ventricular inflow view) showing two large, mobile vegetations (arrows) attached to the right atrial ICD lead with the largest one measuring approximately 2 × 1 cm."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009511,"Visualization of the application of the condyle plate, with a modification to hold the upper segment."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009512,Coronary cineangiography demonstrating right coronary artery originating from left coronary cusp.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009513,"- Two gallstone in the superficial gallbladder, one at the neck and the other at the funds (white arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009514,"Angiography showed bilateral occlusion of both main pulmonary arteries (* = pulmonary trunk, x = thrombotic burden)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009515,"CT scan revealed regredient embolic burden (x) and improved recanalization after ECMO explantation (* = pulmonary trunk, aA = ascending aorta, dA = descending aorta)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009516,"Transapical 3-chamber echocardiographic view of the incorporating/release mechanism in the sheep model. The anterior mitral leaflet (AML) (yellow arrow) is released then incorporated to the mitral annulus. Ao, Aorta; LV, left ventricle. Video slowed to 35% of normal speed. Video available at:  "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009517,"Anteroposterior (AP) chest x-ray. Admission chest x-ray revealing portable, anterior-posterior view, left anterior oblique rotation, spinous processes visualized, normal exposure, good respiratory effort, patent airway without tracheal deviation, diffuse hazy pan-lobar infiltrates bilaterally concerning for atypical pneumonia, cardiac silhouette not enlarged, and no obvious bony deformities."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009518,"Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain for altered mental status. Multiplanar/multisequence MRI of the brain was performed with and without intravenous contrast using the standard departmental protocol and findings of diffuse central volume loss without focal intracranial mass, hemorrhage, hydrocephalus, restricted diffusion, or abnormal enhancement. Patent flow demonstrated in cavernous carotid arteries, basilar artery, and superior sagittal sinus."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009519," Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in a patient with pancreaticobiliary maljunction showed a long common channel[22]. Citation: Wang CL, Ding HY, Dai Y, Xie TT, Li YB, Cheng L, Wang B, Tang RH, Nie WX. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography study of pancreaticobiliary maljunction and pancreaticobiliary diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20: 7005-7010. Copyright © The Authors 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009520," Computed tomography scan showing the right mandibular third molar level of impact, fusion root, buccal and lingual to the crown, and range of emphysema in patient 1 when the emphysema occurred. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009521,CT scan image (transverse view) showing appendiceal wall thickening.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009522,Pre-creation left brachial arteriogram in a 27-year-old man with ESRD. The radial artery (star) is diminutive in its proximal aspect and occluded in the mid forearm with flow in the hand from the ulnar artery (arrow) & interosseous artery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009523, Contrast magnetic resonance imaging T2-weighted images revealed a 2-cm tumor near the gall bladder neck (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009524,MRI with contrast of the cervical spine showing intraspinal metastasis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009525,Thoracic computed tomography image showing an endoluminal tissue defect in the right atrium measuring 42 × 38 mm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009526,Transesophageal image showing a mass of the right ventricle measuring 14 mm × 13 mm × 12 mm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009527,Chest X-ray revealed bilateral perihilar patchy and hazy airspace opacities (red arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009528,Computed tomography of the chest with contrast coronal view revealed bibasilar right greater than left consolidations and ground-glass opacities (red arrows) with subsegmental atelectasis suggestive of pneumonia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009529,Echocardiography showing pericardial effusion and tamponade signs.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009530,Coronal maximum intensity projection computed tomography image shows dilated azygos vein (arrow) in right side of vertebral column and multiple venous collaterals in hilum of kidneys (asterisks)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009531,"Lateral view (X-ray) of the knee showing the assessment of the Insall–Salvati Ratio (ISR, A/B)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009532,"Ultrasound image obtained by Venue scanner (GE Healthcare) with a curvilinear transducer in the same case as Figure 5. As the single focal point (arrow) is shifted to a deeper level, each B-line becomes wider and overlaps each other."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009533,Chest CT demonstrating diffuse alveolar infiltrates.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009534,Cardiac tamponade on the subsequent CT (arrows)CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009535,Pericardial drainage catheter for pericardiocentesis (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009536,Right thigh MRI showed no obvious abnormal signal in subcutaneous and layers of muscle group.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009537,ground-glass opacities and consolidations in the apex part of bilateral lungs
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009538,Plain radiograph of the right knee demonstrating mild suprapatellar soft tissue swelling (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009539,Computed tomography of left knee demonstrating near-complete tear of quadriceps tendon with retraction of the central portion of the tendon (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009540,"The uterine fundus (arrow) passes through the cervical ring, though this is not clear in the image"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009541,ACEA of 10.2° suggestive of dysplasia. Angle centered at femoral head with one vertical arm and another arm at most anterior portion of acetabular sourcil
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009542,"L4, L5, and L6 interpedicular distance. A line is drawn from the most medial edges of the vertebral pedicles"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009543,Mammillary process height. Vertical height of sacral mammillary processes perpendicular to a line connecting most superior aspects of sacroiliac joint
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009544,Castellvi grade 3b. Appreciable bilateral fusion of transverse processes with sacrum
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009545,"Coronal CT scan with oral contrast - dilated small bowel loops, foreign body (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009546,Cardiac CT examination from a year prior demonstrating a normal non-contrast appearance of the kidneys and retroperitoneum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009547,Multiple hyperintense small cysts inside the tumor on T2-weighted imaging (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009548,MRI images of a cadaver head (cases 22 and 23). The HA depots are marked by white arrows.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009549,Full-body CT revealed a mass in the right hilar region.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009550,Magnetic resonance imaging of the head and neck showing the large multilocular cystic hygroma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009551,CT performed about 1 month after revealing hypodense lesions and cortical thinning of the mid and upper pole of right kidney consistent with scarring due to previous ischemic insult (arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009552,CT imaging of the hematoma. CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009553,Left inferior epigastric artery (marked with an arrow) after embolization
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009554, Computed tomography scan coronal section displayed the right lateral orbit subperiosteal abscess (black arrow) and right maxillary sinusitis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009555,"Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography showing the right ventricular lead perforating through the apex. Abbreviations: IVS, interventricular septum; LV, left ventricle; MV, mitral valve; RV, right ventricle; TV, tricuspid valve."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009556,Chest X-ray Chest X-ray showing a right upper lung zone mass (asterisk) and leftward tracheal deviation (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009557,PSMA uptake in granulomatous lymph nodes. 6. 8. Ga PSMA PET/CT in axial projection through the chest shows mild uptake in the small granulomatous hilar lymph nodes (white arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009558,"The nodule in the right middle lobe of the lung, with shallow lobulated."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009559,Mid-esophageal short axis view with omniplane angle of 19 degrees showing a 2.8 x 2.6 centimeter right atrial mass adjacent to the interatrial septum
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009560,CT scan showing a polycystic retroanal mass containing calcifications.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009561,CT image not showing a SARS-CoV-2 type attack.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009562,Preoperative anteroposterior radiograph showing the unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009563,"Sagittal angiography image showing the pseudoaneurysm originating from the popliteal artery, directly dorsal of the tibial part of the total knee arthroplasty."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009564,Postoperative sagittal radiograph after treatment showing the position of the stent graft.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009565,"CT of the chest without contrast in April 2021 which showed an elongated lingular nodule (red arrow) which previously appeared as a cavitation of the left lung.Abbreviation: CT, computed tomography."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009566,Coronal plane of CT scan of abdomen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009567,Regional CT values of the lumbar spine were measured by the nine-zone method.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009568,Final root shot revealed a small paravalvular leak with mild aortic regurgitation and without pathological findings of the ascending aorta.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009569,Schematic diagram of imaging marker point measurement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009570,CT angiography of the chest with evidence of multifocal patchy ground glass attenuation (see arrows) within both lungs and areas of coalescing airspace consolidation.Abbreviation: CT = computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009571,Chest x-ray: bilateral patchy opacities (white arrows) consistent with COVID-19 pneumonia.COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009572,Axial view
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009573,"Separated B-lines with irregular pleura.P: pleura, B: B-lines, arrow: subpleural consolidation."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009574,Postoperative anteroposterior shoulder radiographs of the patient.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009575,"Computed tomography image from case #2. Transverse image at the level of the mid-scapula (*). Within the dorsal aspect of the right cranial lung lobe there are areas of pulmonary consolidation with relatively well-defined margins. ( <) The patient is contained in a fitted box. Image displayed C:320 W2800. Slice thickness 0.69 mm, 120 kV, 139 mA. The pulmonary changes could represent mycobacteriosis as the pulmonary parenchyma was positive on PCR. The distribution of the consolidation, the timeframe of event, and the evolution of the consolidation on the repeat CT would not be considered usual for either aspiration pneumonia nor pulmonary atelectasis"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009576,Transesophageal echocardiogram measuring a large thrombus within the left atrium atop an implanted WATCHMAN FLX™ device.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009577,Repeat transesophageal echocardiogram showing a decrease in clot formation on a WATCHMAN FLX™ device within the left atrial appendage.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009578,Coronary angiogram showing failed attempts to wire the occluded distal left anterior descending artery and first diagonal due to false lumen as indicated by arrows.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009579,Preoperative radiological image of primary disease (white arrow) in Case 2: a 69-year-old female patient with a heterogeneous enhancing mass arising from left renal pelvis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009580,Axial CT scan showing compression of the Eustachian tube by a cholesterol granuloma (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009581,Axial CT scan showing erosion of the right cochlear basal turn (white arrow) by a cholesterol granuloma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009582,Computed tomography angiogram of the chest showing intraluminal thrombus in the distal thoracic aorta.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009583,Initial chest radiograph showing no focal evidence of airspace disease
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009584,CT abdomen and pelvis showing mild splenomegaly
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009585,"Thoracic radiography image (lateral position) of a feline, mixed-breed, 4 years old, affected by peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia. Notice an increase in all cardiac chambers. Veterinary Support and Diagnosis Center - RJ (04/2020)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009586,"Echocardiographic image of feline, mixed-breed, 4 years old, affected by peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia (left caudal parasternal window in longitudinal section of the ventricle and left atrium in the region of the left ventricular outflow tract). Notice the liver (FIG) in proximity to the left ventricle (VE) and left atrium (AE). On the arrow, evidence of the pericardial sac. Cat para Gatos RJ (05/2020)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009587,CT of chest revealing left upper lobe cavitary pneumonia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009588,Bilateral diffuse alveolar opacities suggestive of pulmonary hemorrhage.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009589,CT abdomen and pelvis w/contrast.Multiple left lower masses are seen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009590,CT abdomen/pelvis w/ contrast.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009591,Chest X-ray after pacemaker placement
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009592,CT brain axial view: significant bilateral subacute subdural hematoma with significant mass effect on the brain cortex with effacement of the sulci and brain edema.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009593,"Abdominal CT scan of the patient at admission. There is a 12 × 11 × 8 cm lesion in the retroperitoneal space. The shape and irregularity of the lesion, and its density are coherent with hematoma."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009594,A 52-year-old diagnosed case of mucormycosis post-COVID infection. Coronal fat sat T1W post-contrast image showing the expansion of left cavernous sinus with non-enhancing area suggestive of partial thrombosis (orange arrow). Note the attenuated caliber of intracavernous left ICA
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009595,F2 abdominal ultrasound scan showing an evolving mono-fetal pregnancy with an estimated weight of 1 kg and a.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009596,"T2-weighted brain MRIThe image demonstrates too-numerous-to-count areas of ring-enhancing lesions within the frontal, parietal, right occipital, brainstem, and cerebellar regions. Ring-enhancing mass seen within the right parietal scalp region concerning for abscess. MRI: magnetic resonance imaging"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009597,Diffuse T2 hyperintensive enhancing lesions throughout the liver.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009598,Chest MS CT scan after hospital discharge before xenon-oxygen gas mixture treatment
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009599,"High-frequency ultrasonography of the neck (C6–C7 level), with the aim of detecting the longus colli (LC). The long arrow indicates the path of the injection needle.SG, stellate ganglion; SCM, sternocleidomastoid; ASM, anterior scalenus muscle; CA, carotid artery; IJV, internal jugular vein; VV, vertebral vein; VA, vertebral artery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009600,Bedside echocardiography: posterior loculated pericardial effusion compressing the left atrium (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009601,CT of the abdomen/pelvis with contrast showing low-attenuation masses present in both adrenal glands measuring 6.9 x 5.3 cm on the right (dark gray arrow) and 4.5 x 3.9 cm on the left (light gray arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009602,"Computed tomography (CT) angiogram showing aortic dissection in the ascending aorta (arrow) and descending aorta (thin arrow), and no clots within the pulmonary artery to suggest pulmonary embolism (arrowhead)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009603,Lateral radiograph of vertebral anomalies taken at 3 months of age. White arrow pointing to the T10 hemivertebrae. Black arrow pointing to the L3 vertebrae
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009604,Sagittal CT image from the lumbar spine acquired 34 months postoperatively. White arrow demonstrates the smooth margin and fusion at the vertebrectomy site
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009605,Mammogram in craniocaudal projection. There is a cluster of 3 partially calcified masses (arrow) lateral to the nipple.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009606,Color flow ultrasound image. There is an irregular vascular mass with acoustic shadowing.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009607,The white matter lesions in the cranial axial T2 (FLAIR) MRI in a patient with migraine (Black arrows showing the lesions)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009608,Immediate post-operative x-ray with k-wire
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009609,Fluoroscopy showing compression at the confluence of the hepatic ducts.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009610,"Single coronary artery anomaly angiography. (A) Aortogram (LAO 60° projection) demonstrating large right coronary artery with retrograde filling of the left circumflex and left anterior descending arteries with no left main coronary artery originating from aorta. (B) Selective coronary artery angiogram (PA 35° cranial projection) showing single right coronary artery (star). Large distal right coronary artery branch (arrow) retrogradely supplies left circumflex. Right coronary artery supplies posterior descending artery. Left anterior descending is filled retrogradely from a large collateral artery from a right coronary artery ventricular branch (triangle) that extends to the cardiac apex. Antegrade flow into left anterior descending from left circumflex is present. The middle left anterior descending segment (diamond) is hypoplastic. LAD, left anterior descending; RCA, right coronary artery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009611,AP view of chest showing an elevated right hemidiaphragm in this infant with respiratory distress. Bilateral lung fields are otherwise clear.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009612,Ultrasound abdomen showing normal liver size and echotexture.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009613,CT axial view demonstrating cuboid comminution1: Cuboid comminution.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009614,Lateral intraoperative imaging
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009615,Anteroposterior radiograph of the left foot at four months post-operative
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009616,"Long axis (apico-basal axis) diameter was measured from RA roof (center of superior RA wall) to the center of tricuspid valve annulus, parallel to interatrial septum (blue arrow), whereas short axis (septal-lateral axis), plane perpendicular to RA long axis was defined that reflects the maximum diameter between the lateral border of the RA and the inter-atrial septum (yellow arrow). Circumference was drawn from lateral to septal border of the tricuspid annulus, excluding the area between tricuspid leaflets and annulus, along RA endocardium, excluding Vena cava inferior/Vena cava superior and RA appendage (yellow line)2."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009617,Chest radiograph showing bilateral pulmonary nodules (arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009618,Sagittal thoraco-lumbar CT scan showing L1 metastatic lesion with altered bone density and osteolytic areas.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009619,1-year postoperative upper GI series. The gastric banding is at the right spot and there is no stenosis nor leakage to be seen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009620," Upper occlusal radiograph showing an increase in the periodontal ligament space in the 12, 11 and 21"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009621,Thrombi in the ascending (red arrow) and descending aorta (blue arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009622,Bilateral PE of right and left main pulmonary arteries (red arrows)PE: Pulmonary emboli.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009623,Extensive bilateral ground-glass opacities in the setting of COVID-19 infection
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009624,Curettage and removal of the necrotic bone.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009625,"Dilated loops of small bowel (blue arrow), oedematous mesentery (suggestive of closed-loop obstruction; red arrow), free fluid (evidence of CA; white arrow) and collapsed small bowel (orange arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009626,Coronal reconstruction computed tomography demonstrating the cryptorchid testicle in the left inguinal canal (circle).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009627,Focal jejunal wall thickening and sub-occlusion in a patient with jejunal AL amyloidosis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009628,Parasternal long-axis view demonstrating septal thickness.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009629,Abdominal ultrasound showed a huge mass in the right adrenal gland
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009630,Multilobular bilateral pulmonary infiltration on chest X-ray
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009631,Interlobular septal thickening and ground glass with unclear border on CT thorax
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009632,Radiographic appearance at the final follow-up.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009633,Abdominal CT scan (axial plane) showing gallstone in the duodenum with a cholecystoduodenal fistula.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009634,T1W Sagittal post-contrast MRI head showing leptomeningeal enhancement in the superior cerebellum.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009635,Brain MRI on admission
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009636,"58-year-old female. Hepatic lesion with irregular margins, calcifications (circle), and large cystic-necrotic component (N) are seen."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009637,Initial anterior radiograph showing two clusters of three 5 mm spherical magnets in the right abdomen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009638,Repeat anterior radiograph following surgical removal of magnets. Magnets can no longer be visualized. There is residual post-operative pneumoperitoneum and gaseous distention of the bowel.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009639,Upper gastrointestinal tract radiography performed on postoperative day 26.The image shows no signs of esophageal transit disorder.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009640,Coronal reconstruction of an unenhanced CT image showing hyperattenuation in the occluded cortical vein—the so-called “cord sign” (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009641,A 43-year-old woman with Behçet’s disease and persistent headache. Sagittal MR venogram showing a lack of flow in the torcular herophili.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009642,"Trigeminal cystic schwannoma. An 84-year-old asymptomatic male in whom the lesion was discovered as an incidental finding. Fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition MRI sequence showing an extra-axial, predominantly cystic expansive mass along the cisternal segment of right cranial nerve V (arrows on the left), extending anteriorly to Meckel’s cave. The arrow on the right indicates the normal trigeminal nerve."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009643,"Jugulotympanic paraganglioma. 61-year-old female presenting with hearing loss, right facial palsy, dysphagia, and Horner syndrome. Gadolinium-enhanced axial spin-echo T1WI showing an enhancing lesion (arrow) centered in right jugular foramen, involving the glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves (cranial nerves IX, X, and XI, respectively). The lesion extended superiorly to the internal auditory canal—involving the facial and vestibulocochlear nerves (cranial nerves VII and VIII, respectively—and the middle ear, extending inferiorly to the hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII) and carotid canals (not shown)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009644,Coronal CT scan showing a mass (red arrow) extending superiorly to the ethmoid sinus
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009645,Baseline computerized axial tomography image without acute changes.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009646,Axial slice CT paranasal sinus at the level of sphenoid sinus with white arrow showing mucosal thickening within the dominant left sphenoid sinus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009647,Panoramic image of the patient depicting complete agenesis of the permanent canines in the maxilla and the mandible.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009648, Computed tomography plain scan showed a curved high density mass beneath the subhepatic space.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009649,"T2-weighted MRI of the head shows no abnormalities, including the optic nerve."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009650,Orbital MRI showed local edema of the right optic nerve.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009651,"Selective right internal carotid arteriogram (positive view) showed a small fistula between dural CCF and peritoneal pituitary artery, and the sinus drainage was through the lower sinus rock."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009652,"Apical four-chamber view shows solely an opacification of the left heart (LV left ventricle, LA left atrium) without contrast media affecting the right sided cavities (RV right ventricle, RA right atrium)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009653,"Two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography of the tumour in the left ventricle and papillary muscle at the base of the anterolateral papillary muscle (orange arrow, tumour; blue arrow, anterolateral papillary muscle)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009654,CT angiogram showing normal findings on the right side but the left kidney is severely hypoperfused with probably multiple renal infarcts.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009655,0.014-inch wire across the occlusion still showing no renal blush and no distal arterial vasculature. Second wire placed in the renal artery due to difficulty in advancing the thrombectomy catheter into multiple distal renal artery branches to restore perfusion to multiple renal lobes.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009656,"After aspiration thrombectomy, underlying irregular angiographic appearance looks like a plaque rupture at the ostial left renal artery suggesting in situ thrombosis rather than embolism."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009657,"CT angiogram a month later now shows much better renal perfusion with minimal infarcts on the left side, compared to Figure 1."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009658,The angiojet thrombectomy was done inside the stent.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009659,"Postrestenting of the renal artery now shows excellent left kidney blush and patent lobular, arcuate and distal kidney vessels with less spasm, and no embolic cut offs, compared to Figure 7."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009660,US color Doppler shows patent color flow in distal vessels.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009661,"CT scan of abdomen without contrast (axial view) demonstrating distended stomach, thickened gastric wall with gas bubbles (green arrow), and gas in peri-gastric vein along the greater curvature of stomach (blue arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009662,Hypoplasia of the umbilical artery (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009663,ECHO-guided transthoracic puncture measurement of PAP. Parasternal short-axis section: puncture needle (white arrow) was inserted into pulmonary artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009664,Abdominal ultrasound showing a gallstone (arrowhead)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009665,Diffusion-weighted MRI when the patient presented. Arrows show both brachium (left>right) of pons with extensive hyperintense T2-signal abnormality (also present over pericallosal and periventricular white matter suggesting demyelination).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009666,FLAIR image with an arrow showing hyperintense signal abnormality over left brachium pontis. FLAIR: Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009667,FLAIR imaging. The arrow shows the resolution of the hyperintense lesion in the left brachium pontis.FLAIR: Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009668,FLAIR imaging post-enhancement. The arrow points at the resolution of the prior enhancement.FLAIR: Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009669,The axial non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan showing the presence of gas in pelvicalyceal systems of both kidneys (white arrows) and gas foci in the bladder wall. CT scans were taken at admission to the hospital.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009670,The coronal non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan (The bladder level) revealed complete regression of the imaging findings of the disease. CT scans were taken on the 27th day of hospitalization.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009671,A 59-year-old Asian woman with an isolated bursal-side infraspinatus tear. Subacromial bursography shows localized pooling of contrast medium in a tendon area of the rotator cuff (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009672,Anteroposterior radiograph of the right shoulder of a 59-year-old Asian woman showing a marked subacromial spur (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009673,Anteroposterior radiograph of the right shoulder of a 71-year-old Asian woman. There is no apparent subacromial spur
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009674,Two-dimensional ultrasound supraspinatus tendon injury.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009675,Two-dimensional ultrasound subscapular tendon injury.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009676,"Doppler indices of uterine artery (resistance index [RI] and pulsatility index [PI]) and endometrial thickness of a patient in the bleeding group, three months after insertion."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009677,X-ray displaying symmetrical minor lateral bowing of each femoral shaft.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009678,X-ray film displays example measurement of the index (2D) and middle (3D) metacarpals used for ratio analysis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009679, Chest CT performed upon COVID-19 diagnosis showing multiple ground-glass opacities and patchy consolidations in both lungs.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009680,MRI of right ankle showing large complex tibiotalar joint effusion with synovitis and associated fluid collection along the flexor hallucis longus muscle belly (day 3 of hospitalization).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009681,An axial CT scan view showing left cavernous sinus diffuse thickening with filling defect and enhancement extending anteriorly to the left orbital apex.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009682,CT scan showing the calcified lesion arising within the bladder wall.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009683,MRI scan showing the connection of the calcified cystic lesion with the bladder lumen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009684,Maternal chest X‐ray on postoperative day 3
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009685,Lateral talonavicular subluxation in the transverse plane of MRI (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009686,Tracing template used in this study: the red line in the maxillae connecting the anterior and posterior nasal spine (ANS-PNS line) represents the maxillary plane reference (MxPl); the red line in the mandible connecting the menton and the gonion (Me-Go line) represents the mandibular plane reference (MnPl); the yellow line in the maxillae is the line bisecting the maxillary residual ridge; the yellow line in the mandible is the line bisecting the mandibular residual ridge. The angles in green represent the maxillary and the mandibular incisal inclination adopted from dentate tracing.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009687,"An abdominal x-ray divulging multiple air-fluid levels within the colon, thus alluding to an obstructive etiology."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009688,Chest X-ray after the placement of a pacemaker
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009689,Left gastric vein. A 76-year-old female with a three-year history of autoimmune-related liver cirrhosis presented with recurrent hematemesis and melena. The coronal contrast-enhanced CT scan on the portal vein phase demonstrated the enlarged and tortuous left gastric vein (red arrow) at the lesser curvature of the stomach and the posterior wall of the left hepatic lobe.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009690,Transesophageal echocardiography during surgery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009691,MRI sagittal section T2-weighted image (one year post-surgery).The MRI shows a completely decompressed cord with residual hyperintensity.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009692,Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (coronal section). Asterisk indicates bulky left psoas muscle with haematoma extending into the left iliacus muscle (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009693,Cross-section showing a bulbar thrombus (MRI).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009694,Septal flash on M-mode echocardiography of the patient
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009695,MRI Coronal T1 imaging of right hip demonstrating a linear low signal subchondral line in the superior femoral head consistent with subchondral insufficiency fracture.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009696,Pre-operative plain chest x-ray showed left lung hyperinflation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009697,Panoramic radiography showed a heterogeneous radiolucency with a soap bubble appearance extending from the apical to distal areas of the right mandibular third molar tooth germ at the first examination.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009698,CT pulmonary angiogram showing bilateral pleural effusions with no evidence of pulmonary embolism. CT: computerized tomography; red arrows: pleural effusions; green arrows: pulmonary arteries
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009699,Postoperative plain radiographs of the right shoulder showing percutaneous pinning of the proximal humerus fracture using three k-wires.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009700,"Magnetic resonance imaging in October 2019 showed a 4 × 5 cm mass lesion in the left anterior cervical region, with involvement of the skin and subcutaneous tissue but leaving out the larynx."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009701,"MRI in December 2019 showed involvement of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and strap muscles."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009702,Shown is air in the gastric wall (red arrow) and air in the hepatic portal venous system (blue arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009703,X-ray of the left wrist. Images not attributable to periosteal reaction.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009704,Successful coil embolization of gastroduodenal artery aneurysm. Arrow shows the patient’s coil embolization.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009705,The erect view of the abdominal X-ray. A jejunal feeding tube was placed distal to the duodenojejunal junction.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009706,pelvic X-ray showing extensive soft tissue calcification
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009707,Fluoroscopic intraoperative image of the left femur showing no residual opacification of feeding vessels (*) to the metastatic lesion. The pathologic left proximal femur fracture (**) is also well seen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009708,"Chest CT without contrast sagittal view showing moderate patchy bilateral airspace disease most pronounced at the lung bases with areas of bronchiectasis (red arrow), cystic changes, and pneumoperitoneum (blue arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009709,Nonopacification of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) with hyperdense MCA sign in Case 1
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009710,Posteroanterior (PA) chest x-ray showing a soft tissue-density consolidation in the right mid-and-lower hemithorax with obliteration of the right cardiac border (*).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009711,"HRCT scans on hospital admission: bilateral, superimposed air space consolidations with GGO in lower and upper lobes, more marked on right are described."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009712,CT abdomen and pelvis with IV contrast. The arrow shows diffuse abdominal wall subcutaneous stranding with no abdominal wall abscess.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009713,Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the brain showing findings of occlusion in the origin of the left riddle cerebral artery (MCA) and severe stenosis and occlusion of the right MCA
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009714,Follow-up abdomen radiograph showing distal tip of VP shunt projects over right scrotal sac.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009715,"Follow-up abdominal radiograph, unchanged."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009716,"Ill-defined radiolucent lesion, persistent after dental extraction."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009717,Sagittal CT angiogram of the abdomen showing an undulating appearance of the descending and abdominal aorta (black dashed ellipse).CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009718,Axial double inversion recovery sequence of MRA of the chest showing the mural thickness of the descending aorta measuring 6 mm (white arrow).MRA: magnetic resonance angiography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009719,Plain radiograph of left ankle showing a radiolucent lesion (arrow) in the calcaneum with well-defined margins.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009720,CT brain axial showing hyperdense lesion in the pineal gland region measuring 2.2 cm x 2.6 cm x 1.8 cm (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009721,Enhanced MRI brain (T1) axial post-contrast showing an ill-defined lesion in the fourth ventricle (yellow arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009722,MRI brain (T1) sagittal showing an ill-defined lesion measuring 2.1 cm x 2.1 cm x 1.7 cm (yellow arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009723,Conventional radiotherapy. Dose distribution shown on the CT scan. Isocenter plane of the 3rd stage of initial plan
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009724,Dose distribution in the Eclipse system (physical dose sum of the conventional radiotherapy and the stereotactic radiosurgery boost). Isocenter plane of the stereotactic boost plan
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009725,"Diagram showing the position of the target volume, the bladder, and the rectum in a patient with cervical cancer. The coloured area denotes the target volume receiving > 45 Gy. The area marked with the red solid line is the clinical target volume (CTV), the blue solid lines denote the manually segmented contours, and the yellow solid lines denote the auto-segmented contours."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009726,"Computed tomography axial view at the level of lumber spine, showed marked abdominopelvic ascites."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009727,Echocardiogram: moderate-to-severe mitral valve regurgitation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009728,Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan (sagittal view) exhibiting wall thickening in the left subclavian (green arrow) artery and its branches.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009729,Intimal flap present in all the supra-aortic vessels.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009730,Chest XR at day 6 showing progression of pulmonary lesions suggesting superimposed pulmonary edema.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009731,Initial echocardiogram showing four-chamber view with color Doppler
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009732,CT scan showing chronic inflammation of the liver with moderate ascites.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009733,"Plain radiograph showed dilated bowel loop, no pneumatosis intestinalis, no free gas, and no portal venous gas."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009734,Periapical X‐ray at the definitive crown delivery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009735,MRI of the abdomen showing the gallbladder hydrops (arrow)MRI: magnetic resonance imaging
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009736,A track and field athlete with a sacral stress reaction. The increased intensity was detected at the right lateral mass of the sacrum on the axial STIR image (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009738,esophagogram showing the classic bird´s beak of achalasia (yellow arrow) and dilatated esophagus above
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009739,MRI brain scan axial T1 image demonstrates resolved hydrocephalus at 6 months follow up post APC resection.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009740,57-year-old female with rheumatoid arthritis. Moderate demineralization with scattered erosions in the carpal bones (yellow arrowheads) as well as distal radius and ulna (blue circle) are noted.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009741,60-year-old female with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis. Hand radiographs shows erosive changes in the PIP and MCP joints as well as the wrist. Ulnar subluxation of the fingers at MCP joints is also present. Note the distal interphalangeal joints are spared.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009742,79-year-old male with psoriatic arthritis. Hand radiographs demonstrate diffuse soft-tissue swelling in the index finger (sausage finger). Small marginal erosions are present in the DIP joint along with mild fluffy periosteal reaction.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009743,76-year-old female with erosive arthritis. Severe osteoarthritis of most of the distal and proximal interphalangeal joints with central erosions and seagull appearance.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009744,"80-year-old male with CPPD arthropathy. Severe first carpometacarpal osteoarthritis, chondrocalcinosis (blue arrow), degenerative changes and hook osteophytes in the second and third metacarpals (yellow arrows) are findings to lead to the diagnosis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009745,42-year-old female with SLE. Frontal hand radiograph with Boutonnière deformity of the thumb and ulnar subluxation of the fifth finger PIP joint. Note the absence of erosions.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009746,"43-year-old female with scleroderma. Early acro-osteolysis at the tip of the middle finger distal tuft (yellow finger). Foci of soft-tissue calcifications in the thumb, index and middle fingers."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009747,Sagittal MRI of the lumbar spine.Large paracentral L4-5 disc herniation (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009748,"X-ray chest AP view; arrows show pulmonary opacities.AP, anteroposterior."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009749,"An X-ray on admission showing a distal, one-third spiral humeral fracture (arrow)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009750,"On the tenth-week visit, the X-ray showed well-healed and complete union"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009751,"Measurement on the sagittal plane (JL, joint line; FAA, femoral anatomical axis; DCL, distal cutting line; BTB, border of tibial baseplate; TAA, tibial anatomical axis; FEA, femoral flexion-extension angle; TSA, tibial posterior slope angle)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009752,Postoperative orthopantomogram
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009753,"Computed tomographic angiography showing many of the characteristic signs of an aortic graft infection. Here, there is evidence of effacement of the soft tissue planes between the aortic graft and the adjacent duodenum (yellow arrow). Also, there is evidence of soft tissue thickening surrounding the graft (orange arrow). Finally, there is a small focus of ectopic air outside of the duodenum adjacent to the aortic graft (blue arrow). This patient was found to have an aorto-enteric erosion between the fourth portion of the duodenum, and the right limb of the previously placed aortobifemoral bypass graft."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009754,Anteroposterior view of the pelvis showing nil acute pathology
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009755,Pelvis MRI axial view. Yellow arrows show bilateral sepiginous low-signal circumscribed areas in both femoral heads.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009756,Pelvis X-ray with bilateral prostheses in situ
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009757,- Computed temography scan of the abdomen shows bilateral renal atrophy and splenomegaly (blue arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009758,Plain radiograph of pelvis before right hip arthroplasty. Bilateral Ficat IV stage avascular necrosis of femoral head is shown
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009759,Plain radiograph of pelvis 15 months after right hip arthroplasty. Plain pelvic radiograph shows no protrusion of the ceramic liner. The liner remained properly seated after spontaneous reduction
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009760,Distance in mm from the distal root to the occlusal plane.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009761,The tracheal ulceration
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009762,"Computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealing a high-density lesion (foreign body) in the colon, evidence of abdominal infection, and an incomplete jejunal obstruction (black arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009763," Non-contrast CT scan of the abdomen on postoperative day 2.Blue arrows point toward the boundaries of the pancreatic cyst, and the cyst is filled with inflammatory debris, which appears as hypodense on the CT scan."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009764,"Oral contrast CT scan of the abdomen on postoperative day 8.Blue arrows point toward the pancreatic cyst, which is markedly reduced in size."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009765, Non-contrast CT scan of the abdomen three months post-surgery. Blue arrows highlight the margins of the pancreatic cyst.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009766,Chest x-ray showing left lung collapse
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009767,"A – p X-ray of 72 year aged male patient with rIMN, 14.mos postoperatively. The alpha angle: 101°."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009768,"Lateral X-ray of the patient. The shortening was 12 mm, gamma angle: 80°."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009769,Parasternal long-axis view showing interventricular septal hypertrophy and dilated left atrium. RVOT: right ventricle outflow tract; AO: aorta; AV: aortic valve; LV: left ventricle; LA: left atrium; IVS: interventricular septum
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009770, Digital radiography. There was no obvious manifestation of intestinal obstruction.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009771,"A panoramic radiograph taken at the time of the patient’s initial consultation revealed maxillary and mandibular partial edentulism. On the patient’s right side (left side of radiograph), there is an enlarged ankylotic mass fusing the mandible to the right base of the skull (circled in red), with impingement of the right maxillary tuberosity on the anterior aspect of the right mandible (yellow arrow). On the left mandible (right side of radiograph), there is a TMJ prosthetic implant with the mandibular condylar portion dislocated from the glenoid fossa component (blue arrow). Both mandibular coronoid processes are missing, having been surgically removed. The patient’s teeth are slightly apart – she can neither fully open nor close her mouth due to the bony fusion."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009772,Enhanced contrast CT scan of the abdomen shows calcification of the abdominal aorta and its branches.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009773,Fluoroscopic image of the nephrostomy balloon dilator
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009774,Fluoroscopic image of the inserted 16F nephrostomy tube
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009775,Abdominal CT scan revealing parietal thrombosis of the superior mesenteric artery.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009776,"RD measurement.There is excessive intimal hyperplasia in the outflow vein causing the stenosis. By diameter reduction, this stenosis would be significant if compared with the left or right part of the vein. Nevertheless, the RD is 2.35 mm, so this stenosis was considered borderline, and soon, reevaluation (within 6–8 weeks) was indicated."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009777,Aortic valve in the short axis view showing vegetation on all three cusps
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009778,"Chest radiograph showing cardiomegaly (cardiothoracic ratio, 0.55)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009779,Chest radiograph showing placement of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator system.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009780,Computed tomography showing bony mass extending from zygoma to ramus of mandible
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009781,"X-ray examination of the pelvis with hip joints in the AP projection. Visible lysis changes around the acetabular component of the right hip joint at the time of admission to the Orthopaedic Trauma Emergency Room, degenerative changes in the left hip joint."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009782,"Cervical sagittal angle (CSA), segmental angle (SA), and anterior, middle, and posterior intervertebral height (AIH, MIH, and PIH) on lateral radiographs of the cervical spine."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009783,X-ray showing dilated small bowel loops.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009784,X-ray chest AP view showing a cystic area in left hemithorax demonstrating air-fluid level (red arrow)AP: anteroposterior
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009785,Apical 4 Chamber View - Transthoracic Echocardiogram
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009786,Endoscopic ultrasound revealing a 1.5-cm sessile polypoid lesion in the same location (white arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009787,MRI T1-weighted brain and optic nerve revealing left intraorbital optic nerve thickening (yellow arrow) associated with perineural enhancement and intraconal fat involvement on DWI/ADC (DWI/ADC image is not included in this figure).DWI: diffusion-weighted imaging; ADC: apparent diffusion coefficient
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009788,Ultrasound picture of pregnancy of the case (Z) at 28 weeks showing normal fetus with multiple variable-sized vesicles that cannot be separated from another placenta. The fetus is looking morphologically normal
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009789,Doppler-enhanced transvaginal ultrasonography revealed central vascularity (yellow arrow) of the lesion (white arrows)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009790,Transthoracic Echocardiographic of interventricular septum hydatid cyst in 4chamber view
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009791,Ultrasonographic findings of the jejunal mass. The red arrows indicate the hypogenic mass in the jejunum. The yellow arrows indicate the normal jejunum wall at the border between the mass and the healthy tissue
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009792,"Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography of the patient’s abdomen revealed a 1.28 cm thickening of the gallbladder wall (arrow), consistent with gallbladder inflammation."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009793,"Right parasternal short-axis duplex ultrasound images of the left ventricle. The upper portion shows a B-mode image of the ventricles and the orientation of the M-mode cursor. The lower image is an M-mode study showing right and left ventricular dilation, as well as diminished systolic function, especially of the interventricular septum"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009794,Erect abdominal plain film shows mild dilated small bowel loops with air-fluid levels in bowel and stomach.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009795,Contrast-enhanced CT of the brain showing no focal lesions or cortical venous thrombosis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009796,Hyperintensity seen in the right temporoparietal region
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009797,"The original routine panoramic radiograph, showing supernumerary teeth."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009798,"Computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and pelvis showing left kidney and extensive expansion into the left retroperitoneum, psoas muscle, and possibly even the left posterior abdominal wall with multiple loculated abscesses."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009799,"Pelvic computed tomography findings. Pelvic computed tomography showed that intraperitoneal fat herniate in the left scrotum through widened left inguinal canal, and there is a mass appearing as soft tissue density in hernia contents with a size of approximately 2.5 cm × 1.3 cm × 3.0 cm."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009800,"Computed tomography scan (coronal view) of the paranasal sinuses showing a well-defined soft tissue density lesion in the left nasal cavity, measuring 1.95 × 1.51 cm."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009801,Grashey view demonstrating glenohumeral osteoarthritis with acromiohumeral space narrowing and superior humeral head migration.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009802,Postoperative Scapular-Y view.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009803,Axial contrast abdominal computed tomography demonstrating multiple areas of splenic infarction.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009804,Normal axial non-contrast CT of brain.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009805,"Chest X-ray: emphysema is observed in the cervical region, the cardiothoracic index was within normal limits, and no rib fractures, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion are identified, without consolidations or interstitial infiltrate."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009806,"Subcutaneous emphysema is observed dissecting the visceral, carotid, and prevertebral space and causing anterior and middle pneumomediastinum, with a decrease in the diameter of the airway at the level of the glottis."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009807,Computerized tomography of the abdomen and pelvis.Consistent with small bowel obstruction and significantly dilated small bowel (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009808,DSA image of placed self-expanding metallic stent (7FG × 10 cm) and contrast flow distal to the stricture.DSA: digital subtraction angiography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009809,Abdominal computed tomography scan
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009810,MRI of patient’s lumbar spine. T1 with contrast image with arrows indicating areas of enhancement in lumbar paraspinal muscles
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009811,Tomography showing extrinsic compression of the intrahepatic inferior cava vein (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009812,Tomography showing percutaneous drainage of the compressor liver cyst.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009813,"transthoracic echocardiography showing a right atrial mass passing through the tricuspid valve; 1: voluminous right atrial mass, RA: right atrium, RV: right ventricle, LA: left atrium, LV: left ventricle"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009814,CT axial scan demonstrating cecal diverticulitis on the right (red arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009815,Computed tomography examination of a 68-year-old male patient that presented with severe dysphonia and dysphagia during the previous 3 months revealed a voluminous expansive neoformation that presented enhancement after contrast into the left lateral wall of the larynx. There were also multiple bilateral lymphadenopathies.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009816,Coronal CT demonstrating segmental wall thickening of the descending colon with adjacent inflammation favoring acute diverticulitis or segmental colitis.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009817,Cross-section image of the pelvic outlet and pelvic diaphragm muscles
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009818,"CT scan of brain (fourth postoperative day, sagittal view). Bleeding along the left electrode with maximum in the cortical area, at the site of insertion of the electrode, and in the globus pallidum internum, at the end of the electrode (red arrows). The image quality is partially affected by artifacts from the electrode (electrode – black color; artifact around the electrode - white color)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009819,The CT scan of the paranasal sinuses shows a left ethmoid mass.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009820,The right ethmoid sinus and nasal space growth encompassing penetration of the orbital as well as cerebral interplanetary are perceived preceding the paranasal coronal CT scan image.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009821,Postoperative paranasal coronal CT scan.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009822,"Two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography 30 degrees short axis at great vessels level. It shows the aortic valve in cross-section and, just below, a 17 × 13 mm sessile mass at the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009823,Sagittal T1 MRI Brain.Hyperintense lesion in frontal lobe suggestive of hemorrhage.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009824,Posteriorly directed intraosseous needle in the proximal tibial diaphysis. The needle tip was extraosseous and was in the soft tissues along the posterior aspect of the tibia.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009825,Chest radiograph on admission.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009826,"The points and lines used for measurements. O1 and O2 points: The most lateral points of the ramus, RT: Ramus tangent, PL1: Perpendicular line 1, PL2: Perpendicular line 2, PL3: Perpendicular line 3, CN1 and CN2 points: The intersections between the PL2 and the posterior (CN1) and anterior (CN2) of the condylar neck"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009827,"Abdominal ultrasonography images in the epigastric sagittal view: a hypoechoic, irregularly shaped solid mass was seen adjacent to the IVC."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009828,Preoperative contrast-enhanced CT images revealed a ball-shaped mass with heterogeneous enhancement in the left lung lobe.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009829,Contrast-enhanced CT images at 18 months after second surgery: lump in lower lobe of the right lung.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009830,"MRI abdomen post-contrast axial view demonstrating numerous scattered high-signal lesions throughout the liver.MRI, magnetic resonance imaging."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009831,Coronal view of a CT image of a large faecaloma in the sigmoid.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009832,Plain film radiograph of the abdomen.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009833,"An orthopantomogram (OPG) illustrating the method of measurement used in the study. The impacted lower right third molar is classified as class II and level C according to Pell and Gregory's classification. The long axis of the impacted lower left third molar forms a 42° angle with the long axis of the adjacent second molar. Therefore, it is classified as mesioangular according to Winter’s classification"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009834,Left heart catheterization demonstrating coronary artery dissection of the mid-to distal-LAD (yellow arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009835,"Coronary angiography of left coronary artery showing a narrowed first obtuse marginal branch with coronary slow flow (white arrows). LAD, left anterior descending artery; LCX, left circumflex artery."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009836,Figure 1. Coronal computed tomography scan of a 15-year-old female level 9 competitive gymnast with a history of growth hormone deficiency showing an avulsion fracture of the ischial tuberosity (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009837, The foreign body was located using two mosquitoes.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009838,CT scan (coronal and axial axis) showing a solid antero-superior mediastinal vascularized mass (16 × 13 cm) encasing the great thoracic vessels.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009839," Magnetic resonance image with balanced turbo field echo, showing that the pregnant uterus vertically stretched the bladder (arrow). "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009840,"Image of a mixed solid-cystic nodule. In such nodules, only the solid component should be scored for the echogenicity, margin, and echogenic foci categories. In this case, the nodule was assigned 1 point for being mixed, 2 points for being hypoechoic, 0 points for being wider-than-tall, 0 points for having undefined margins, and 0 points for having no acoustic shadowing artifacts or echogenic foci. Therefore, the total score was 3 points and the risk level was classified as TR3."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009841,"Image of a completely solid nodule, with echogenicity similar to the rest of the thyroid parenchyma, presenting a hypoechoic halo that should not be scored for the echogenicity or margin categories. The features of (scores for) this nodule were as follows: solid (2 points); isoechoic (1 point); wider-than-tall (0 points); smooth margins (0 points); and no acoustic shadowing artifacts or echogenic foci (0 points). Therefore, the total score was 3 points and the risk level was classified as TR3."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009842,"Image of a hyperechoic nodule. Note the heterogeneous echotexture of the thyroid parenchyma, especially the presence of nodules with well-defined margins and echogenicity greater than that of the rest of the parenchyma. The nodule pictured was solid (2 points), hyperechoic (1 point), and wider-than-tall (0 points), with smooth margins (0 points) and without acoustic shadowing artifacts or echogenic foci (0 points). Therefore, the total score was 3 points and the risk level was classified as TR3."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009843,"Image of a markedly hypoechoic nodule. Compare the echogenicity of the nodules with that of the cervical musculature. Attention should be paid to the ultrasound parameters. The nodule pictured was solid (2 points), markedly hypoechoic (3 points), and wider-than-tall (0 points), with undefined margins (0 points) and without acoustic shadowing artifacts or echogenic foci (0 points). Therefore, the total score was 5 points and the risk level was classified as TR4."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009844,"Image of a predominantly solid, hypoechoic, taller-than-wide nodule with well-defined margins. The features of (scores for) this nodule were as follows: solid (2 points), hypoechoic (2 points), taller-than-wide (3 points), smooth margins (0 points), and no acoustic shadowing artifacts or echogenic foci (0 points). Therefore, the total score was 7 points and the risk level was classified as TR5."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009845,"Image of a mixed solid-cystic nodule. Note that the medial margin of the nodule cannot easily be distinguished from the rest of the parenchyma. In this case, the nodule was assigned 1 point for being mixed, 2 points for being hypoechoic, 0 points for being wider-than-tall, 0 points for having ill-defined margins, and 0 points for having no acoustic shadowing artifacts or echogenic foci. Therefore, the total score was 3 points and the risk level was classified as TR3."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009846,"Image of a nodule with macrocalcification. Note the intense acoustic shadowing. The features of (scores for) this nodule were as follows: solid (2 points); isoechoic (1 point); wider-than-tall (0 points); smooth margins (0 points); and macrocalcification (1 point). Therefore, the total score was 4 points and the risk level was classified as TR4."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009847,"Image of a nodule with peripheral echogenic foci corresponding to calcifications. The nodule pictured was solid (2 points), hypoechoic (2 points), and wider-than-tall (0 points), with well-defined margins (0 points) and peripheral calcifications (2 points). Therefore, the total score was 6 points and the risk level was classified as TR4."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009848,"Image of a nodule that was solid (2 points), markedly hypoechoic (3 points), and wider-than-tall (0 points), with smooth margins (0 points) and without echogenic foci or acoustic shadowing artifacts (0 points). Therefore, the total score was 5 points and the risk level was classified as TR4."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009849,"Image of a mixed solid-cystic nodule (1 point) that was isoechoic (1 point), was wider-than-tall (0 points), and extended beyond the anterior limit of the thyroid gland (3 points), without echogenic foci or acoustic shadowing artifacts (0 points). Therefore, the total score was 5 points and the risk level was classified as TR4."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009850,Radiographic method of WL determination
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009851,Pre-operative OPG.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009852,X-ray (front) showed clear calcific deposits in the target shoulder.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009853,Guidewire passed through tumour.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009854,"MRI showing small, non-enhancing lesions (arrows) in the thenar musculature and edema in the metacarpals and wrist."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009855,Postoperative CT brain showing diffuse cerebral edema with a significant decrease in the hematoma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009856,Case 2. Postoperative radiograph at the two-year follow-up
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009857,CT scan of subjects with vascular subtype of retroperitoneal fibrosis. Scan shows an aortic inflammatory aneurysm after endovascular stent insertion.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009858,A heterogenic mass outside the uterus measuring 11 × 8 cm and containing blood clots and placental tissues.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009859,"EUS image of lobular, multiseptated serous cystadenoma"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009860,Mixed type IPMN
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009861,"The lower pharyngeal airway was located between the palatal plane, extending to the posterior pharyngeal wall (superior limit), and a plane parallel to the palatal plane passing through vertebra C4 (inferior limit). The lower pharyngeal airway was divided into three segments including the velopharynx (VP), oropharynx (OP), and hypopharynx (HP)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009862,"CT thorax showing bilateral basal large consolidations associated with multifocal peripheral ground glass opacities, typical for COVID-19 pneumonia."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009863,"Axial view of the fetal thorax with dextroposition of the heart secondary to a diaphragmatic hernia on the left, at 20 weeks of pregnancy. The four-chamber view shows a dominance of the right ventricle, with a large ventricular septal defect. The gastric bubble is just behind the heart. The small bowel is visible within the left chest."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009864,Breast UltrasonographyImage of a 15 x 10 x 5 cm breast seroma organized in pockets with hyperechoic capsule formation. 
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009865,Embolization of the cervical branch of the left uterine artery
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009866,Transvaginal ultrasound (axial plane) of the residual trophoblastic tissue in resorption – mild peripheral vascularization
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009867,"Epiaortic echocardiography demonstrates intimal ulceration (arrow) with subsequent penetration into the media and adventitia. However, neither aortic dissection nor intramural hematoma was observed adjacent to the ulcer."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009868,"Transesophageal mid-esophageal view at zero-degree orientation showing the annular density CMAC (arrowhead). Though the orientation has changed, chamber labeling remains the same. LA = left atrium, LV= left ventricle, CMAC = caseous mitral annular calcification."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009869,"Transesophageal mid-esophageal view at zero-degree orientation showing MAC (white arrow) without the previously seen CMAC density.RA = right atrium, LA = left atrium, LV = left ventricle, RV = right ventricle, MAC = mitral annular calcification, CMAC = caseous mitral annular calcification. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009870,"femoral intercondylar notch roof angle (""α""), proximal tibial slope (""β"")"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009871,"LAT ""CLASS"" view (blue point: centroid ACL femoral footprint, red point: centroid ACL tibial footprint, yellow point: the styloid process of fibular head)"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009872,Abdominal ultrasound demonstrating ascitic fluid around the liver (arrow)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009873,CT abdomen reveals huge ascitic fluid concentration (red arrows) that led to the push-down of the spleen to the level of the backbone (yellow arrow)CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009874,Postoperative radiograph demonstrating the treatment with bipolar hemiarthroplasty of the femoral neck on the right side and with osteosynthesis on the left side.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009875,A left hip radiograph obtained at 1 year postoperatively demonstrating a radiolucent line around the implant that was not present immediately postoperatively.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009876,Case 2. Enostosis. 68-year-old female presents with right pelvic pain after a fall. Coronal CT image shows a densely sclerotic lesion (arrow) with spiculated margins in the proximal femur with mean density = 1644 HU
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009877,A chest computed tomography scan showing peripheral ground-glass opacities in lungs.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009878,Image of a ruptured inflammatory aortic aneurysm (CT)—haemorrhage into posterior pararenal and perirenal compartment
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009879,"Pre-operative lateral film, measuring PPTA."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009880,"Post-operative long film, measuring MPTA."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009881,CT: Highly suggestive of severe bilateral SARS-CoV-2 lung infection.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009882,Sizing balloon showing indentation on fluoroscope once inflated with diluted saline contrast after positioning it across the defect and indentation was measured
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009883,T2‐weighted MRI of the left hip: Coronal image reveals widespread bone marrow edema
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009884,A posterior-anterior (PA) chest X-ray showing normal results with no evidence of tuberculosis in the lungs
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009885,Hyperechoic foci with posterior reverberation artefact (arrows) just deep to the abdominal wall consistent with free intraperitoneal air.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009886,Focal fluid collection with septations (arrow) indicating bowel perforation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009887,Loop of bowel with thinned wall adjacent to the liver.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009888,Hyperechoic foci with reverberation artefact within the bowel wall (thin arrow) consistent with pneumatosis. Adjacent thickening of the valvulae in an area of slightly hyperechoic bowel wall (thick arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009889,"Small shadowing foci within the bowel wall consistent with pneumatosis (long arrow). Additional intraluminal air (short arrow) is seen in the adjacent segment of bowel, differentiated clearly from the bowel serosa (curved arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009890,Apical five-chamber view echocardiogram showing left ventricular thrombus and severe global reduction in left ventricular function.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009891,Apical four-chamber view echocardiogram demonstrating resolution of left ventricular thrombus.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009892,Chest radiograph demonstrating pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema just above the right clavicle (arrows).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009893,"CT scan shows the short axis of the right ventricle (dashed line) is wider than the left ventricle (solid line), a condition called RV strain and is caused by acute pulmonary embolism"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009894,X-ray scan showing right hip dislocation in the girl (at 2 years of age).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009895,Cystic mass of 2.8 x 3.2 cm compressing the inferior vena cava on ECHO.ECHO: echocardiogram
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009896,Chest X-ray at admission
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009897,CT abdomen with IV contrast on presentation showing ascending colon hematoma.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009898,CT showing retroperitoneal hematoma centered about the right anterior right pararenal space measuring up to 10.4 × 7 × 9.5 cm.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009899,Cardiomegaly with typical boot‐shaped heart in chest X‐ray posteroanterior view
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009900,Cranioencephalic CT revealing a cerebral atrophy with subcortical predominance
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009901,Preoperative chest X-ray: tumor shadow in the right upper lung field.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009902,Noncontrast CT scan of the abdomen in our patient.Right renal pelvis showing an increase in size (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009903,MRI of right forearm. MRI of the right forearm shows subcutaneous emphysema and changes of cellulitis involving the anterolateral aspect of the forearm with extensive edema signals in proximal intermuscular facial planes without any definitive evidence of osseous or muscular involvement.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009904,"Grade 2 fibrosis, interlobuler septal thickening at the upper lobes."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009905,"Grade 3 fibrosis, subpleural lineer streaks or paranchimal band at the lung bases."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009906,Stenosis of the gastric outlet. R means right and L means left.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009907,"A 44-year-old man who had fallen from an overhead duct onto his right forearm, evolving to pain and deformity. Anteroposterior X-ray of the right elbow showing a Bado type III Monteggia fracture-dislocation, characterized by a fracture in the proximal third of the ulna with lateral dislocation of the radial head (thick arrow). Note also the trace fracture in the medial epicondyle (thin arrow), due to avulsion."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009908,"A 53-year-old man who had fallen from a height of 2 m, evolving to pain, edema, and restricted movement in the left wrist. Anteroposterior X-ray of the wrist showing a fracture of the scaphoid neck (thick arrow), in addition to densification and edema of the soft tissue on the lateral face of the wrist, with obliteration of the scaphoid fat stripe (arrow)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009909,"A 63-year-old woman who had fallen out of bed. Anteroposterior X-ray of the right hip showing a marked reduction in bone density with a complete fracture (thin arrow) affecting the greater and lesser trochanters. Note the involvement of the posteromedial cortex (thick arrow), resulting in fracture instability."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009910,"A 36-year-old man, victim of being struck by a bicycle, who evolved to pain in the right knee. Anteroposterior X-ray of the right knee showing a comminuted bicondylar fracture with significant depression of the lateral condyle of the tibia (thick arrow) and involvement of the tibial spines (thin arrow). Fracture of the medial tibial condyle, characterized by the double line (arrowhead), which, in and of itself, indicates greater severity of the injury, because it represents the load area of the joint."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009911,CT of the chest without contrast on admission showing bilateral pleural effusion (arrows)CT: computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009912,Chest X-ray after thoracotomy with two left-sided chest tubes and a small-to-moderate left pneumothorax (indicated by arrows on the right side of the X-ray) with a persistent large right pleural effusion (arrow on the left)
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009913,An example of the tumor VOI segmentation on T2WI.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009914," Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography. After distal papillotomy, contrast filled the periampullary duodenal duplication cysts."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009915, Coronal T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the left shoulder with fat saturation shows focal osseous edema within the humerus at the level of the infraspinatus muscle insertion on the greater tubercle (arrow). A complex paralabral cyst can also be partially seen near the posterosuperior glenoid (dashed arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009916, Axial proton density weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the left shoulder with fat saturation again demonstrates edema signal within the greater tubercle (arrow). Edema is also deep in the deltoid muscle and within the teres minor tendinous insertion (dashed arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009917,"Repeat T2-weighted cervical spine MRI on day 8, sagittal view, showing nearly complete resolution of increased T2 signal at the C7 level. MRI: magnetic resonance imaging"
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009918,"Chest X-ray reveals consolidation in the right lung base with small right pleural effusion, which is concerning for lobar pneumonia. The arrow is pointing toward the area of consolidation."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009919,Chest CT taken on day 1 of hospitalization. Imaging reveals right lower and right middle lobe airspace disease consistent with pneumonia. No evidence of pulmonary embolism. The arrows point toward the areas of consolidation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009920,Dorsoplantar view of bovine autopod (in natural stand) on which 15 landmarks occurring on the acropodium for each limb were located.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009921,a chest computed tomography scan reveals a large diaphragmatic defect in the left side and complete collapse of the left lung
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009922,Chest X-ray (AP) of COVID-19 patient. Chest X-ray shows patchy peripheral ground-glass opacities in the bilateral lung fields.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009923,Left ventricular time movement ™ mode providing left ventricular dimensions in tracheotomized DMD patient on permanent HMV. 2: cardiac measurements during insufflation cycle; 1: cardiac measurement during non-insufflation phase. VGd: left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; FE: left ventricular ejection fraction; Vol.Teled: left ventricular end-diastolic volume; Vol. Télés: left ventricular end-systolic volume. HMV: home mechanical ventilation.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009924,RV diastolic inflow pattern in a tracheotomized patient on permanent mechanical ventilation. We recorded the peak tricuspid early inflow velocity (E) and the peak atrial velocity (A). Note the reduction of peak E and peak A velocity during insufflation. RV: right ventricle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009925," Computed tomogram of the 94-year-old woman, 6 years and 9 months after the second surgery. The axial chest computed tomogram shows bilateral pleural effusion due to chronic congestive heart failure. No lung metastases are observed."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009926,"Contrast-enhanced computed tomography, coronal reconstruction, arterial phase of the exam reveals numerous confluent cystic lesions (white arrows) in the region of pancreatic tail and body (A) and also multiple small scattered solid hypervascular tumors (white arrows) (B)."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009927,CT image showing well defined lesion in skin and subcutaneous tissue (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009928,"Thrombus on LAAO device. LAAO, left atrial appendage occlusion."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009929,"Measurement of the ECA: On the neutral sagittal T2WI, the bone endplate of vertebra is in arc shape. A line was drawn from the summit/bottom of arc along to the endpoints, and the angle between these 2 lines was defined as the ECA."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009930,Negative flexion intervertebral angle.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009931,CT scan shows the absence of the left kidney. CT: computed tomography.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009932,Cardiac tamponade on the subsequent computed tomography
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009933,Pericardial drainage catheter for pericardiocentesis
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009934,Measurement of the severity of KOA. Coronal intermediate‐weighted fat suppressed MRI shows focal cartilage damage (red arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009935,Follow-up magnetic resonance angiography at 17 months of age demonstrates residual tortuosity of forearm vessels with normalization of lower extremity abnormalities and no gadolinium enhancement
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009936,"Large angiomyolipoma adjacent to the right kidney. The image is a sagittal section of a contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography scan obtained from an adult patient diagnosed with TSC, which reveals a lobulated right kidney and a voluminous mass (arrow), consisting essentially of fat, adjacent to it."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009937,"Chest X-ray showing reduction in the size of the left hemithorax, plethora of the right lung and leftward shift of the mediastinum. "
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009938,Hypoplastic and oligemic left lung.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009939, Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) showing a pseudoaneurysm within the right gluteus maximus muscle (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009940, Final angiography showing the pseudoaneurysms had disappeared.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009941,Middle segment of the left circumflex artery post‐percutaneous intervention
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009942,Oblique view of lumbar vertebrae with squared off endplates and facet centered at the midpoint of the vertebrae (arrow).
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009943,"Trocar tip marks skin entry site when targeting the S1 pedicle. Once a Ferguson view is obtained, extend an imaginary line from the L5 transverse process (star) to the ipsilateral iliac crest and this marks the entry site of the introducer cannula assembly."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009944,"A color Doppler image from TEE shows a superior SVASD.TEE: transesophageal echocardiogram, SVASD: sinus venosus atrial septal defect."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009945,Axial CT image at the level of the aortic arch demonstrates a right SVC and a left SVC.SVC: superior vena cava.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009946,"A CT image in the axial plane demonstrates multi-chamber cardiac enlargement. The PLSVC (not imaged) connects to a dilated coronary sinus which drains into the right atrium.PLSVC: persistent left superior vena cava, CS: coronary sinus, RA: right atrium."
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009947,Ultrasound and zero pressure-level line setting.
ROCOv2_2023_valid_009948,"12-year-old boy with known case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, presented with fever for 4 days, conjunctivitis, maculopapular rash, hypotension and cardiogenic shock he was ventilated due respiratory distress, his COVID status was PCR swab positive , COVID IgM negative COVID IgG positive , ; axial chest CT shows extensive consolidation implicating the left lung (CT severity score= 13). Note the associated pleural effusion on both sides (asterisk). The patient was on ventilatory support."