FN Clarivate Analytics Web of Science VR 1.0 PT J AU Grab, S AF Grab, S TI Glacial and periglacial phenomena in Ethiopia: A review SO PERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE periglacial morphology; review; Ethiopia AB The glacial and periglacial geomorphology for the Simen and Bale Mountains in Ethiopia is reviewed. The Simen Mountains are mostly absent of relict periglacial landforms and today host a variety of miniature cryogenic phenomena. The Bale Mountains host a few localized large relict cryogenic landforms (e.g. stone stripes), suggesting past sporadic permafrost. A variety of regional factors may have contributed to the more extensive periglacial activity in southern Ethiopia than in the higher Simen Mountains to the north. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Witwatersrand, Fac Sci, Sch Geog Archaeol & Environm Studies, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. RP Grab, S (corresponding author), Univ Witwatersrand, Fac Sci, Sch Geog Archaeol & Environm Studies, P Bag 3, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. CR GOTTELLI D, 1990, SIMIEN JACKAL ECOLOG Hamilton A. C., 1982, ENV HIST E AFRICA HASTENRATH S, 1977, J GLACIOL, V18, P309 Hastenrath S., 1974, ERDKUNDE, V28, P176 HOVERMANN J, 1954, VEROFFENTLICHEN AKAD, V28, P87 HURNI H, 1982, GEOGRAPHICA BERNENSI, V2, P1 Hurni H, 1989, QUATERNARY ENV RES E, P105 MAHANEY WC, 1989, Q ENV RES E AFR MOUN MESSERLI B, 1992, MT RES DEV, V12, P315, DOI 10.2307/3673683 MESSERLI B, 1977, XINQUA C BIRM Miehe S., 1994, ERICACEOUS FORESTS H Mohammed MU, 1998, GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE, V17, P121 POTTER EC, 1976, J GLACIOL, V17, P148 WALKER BW, 1992, GEOGRAPHY REV, V6, P36 WERDECKER J, 1955, ERDKUNDE, V9, P305 Williams M.A.J., 1978, ERDKUNDE, V32, P40, DOI DOI 10.3112/ERDKUNDE.1978.01.04 NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1045-6740 EI 1099-1530 J9 PERMAFROST PERIGLAC JI Permafrost Periglacial Process. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 13 IS 1 BP 71 EP 76 DI 10.1002/ppp.405 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Geology SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 545AZ UT WOS:000175195200007 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU SilleroZubiri, C Tattersall, FH Macdonald, DW AF SilleroZubiri, C Tattersall, FH Macdonald, DW TI Bale Mountains rodent communities and their relevance to the Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis) SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bale; Ethiopia; Arvicanthis; Lophuromys; Stenocephalemys; Canis ID SMALL MAMMALS; ECOLOGY; ARVICANTHIS; AFRICA; MALAWI AB Rodent communities in the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia, form the prey base for the endangered Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis) and therefore a knowledge of their ecology and biomass is an important management tool. The rodent communities are also of intrinsic interest, being composed of a high proportion of little-known endemic species. Data are presented on the habitat preferences, abundance and biomass of rodents in the Afroalpine belt, the ericaceous belt and montane grasslands of the Bale Mountains. Three species - Lophuromys flavopunctatus, Stenocephalemys griseicauda and Otomys typus-characterize the montane grasslands. Stenocephalemys albocaudata, Arvicanthis blicki and Lophuromys melanonyx characterize the Afroalpine belt, and data are presented on their activity and population dynamics. All three species for which data were available bred during the wet season. Minimum density estimates ranged between 32-89/ha for L. melanonyx, 3.2-127/ha for A. blicki and 16-60/ha for S. albocaudata. The mean monthly biomass of three diurnal rodent species was estimated at 25.7 kg/ha and 23.8 kg/ha in two Afroalpine regions. Ethiopian wolf abundance correlated positively with an index of diurnal rodent biomass and total biomass, but not with nocturnal rodent biomass. 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TI Long-term data for endemic frog genera reveal potential conservation crisis in the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia SO ORYX LA English DT Article DE Africa; Afromontane; amphibians; Bale Mountains National Park; chytrid; decline; Ethiopia; management ID AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS; EXTINCTION; ECOLOGY AB Populations of many frogs have declined alarmingly in recent years, placing nearly one third of the > 6,000 species under threat of extinction. Declines have been attributed largely to habitat loss, environmental degradation and/or infectious diseases such as chytridiomycosis. Many frogs undergo dramatic natural population fluctuations such that long-term data are required to determine population trends without undue influence of stochastic factors. We present long-term quantitative data (individuals encountered per person hour of searching) for four monotypic frog genera endemic to an Afromontane region of exceptional importance but growing conservation concern: one endemic to the Ethiopian highlands (Spinophrynoides osgoodi) and three endemic to the Bale Mountains (Altiphrynoides malcolmi, Balebreviceps hillmani, Ericabatrachus baleensis), collected during 15 field trips to the Bale Mountains between 1971 and 2009. Only a single confirmed sighting of S. osgoodi has been made since 1995. The other three species have also declined, at least locally. E. baleensis appears to have been extirpated at its type locality and at the same site B. hillmani has declined. These declines are in association with substantial habitat degradation caused by a growing human population. Chytrid fungus has been found on several frog species in Bale, although no dead or moribund frogs have been encountered. These results expose an urgent need for more amphibian surveys in the Bale Mountains. Additionally, we argue that detrimental human exploitation must be halted immediately in at least some parts of the Harenna Forest if a conservation crisis is to be averted. C1 [Gower, David J.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Zool, London SW7 5BD, England. [Aberra, Roman K.] Ethiopian Wildlife Conservat Author, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Schwaller, Silvia; Mengistu, Abebe A.; Loader, Simon P.] Univ Basel, Inst Biogeog, Dept Environm Sci, Basel, Switzerland. [Collen, Ben] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England. [Menegon, Michele] Museo Tridentino Sci Nat, Sez Zool Vertebrati, Trento, Italy. [Zimkus, Breda M.] Harvard Univ, Museum Comparat Zool, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [de Sa, Rafael] Univ Richmond, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. [Mengistu, Abebe A.; Gebresenbet, Fikirte; Saber, Samy A.] Univ Addis Ababa, Dept Biol, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Moore, Robin D.] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA. [Saber, Samy A.] Al Azhar Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Zool, Assiut, Egypt. RP Gower, DJ (corresponding author), Nat Hist Museum, Dept Zool, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, England. EM d.gower@nhm.ac.uk RI de Sa, Rafael Omar/AAK-1409-2021; Collen, Ben/F-2543-2016 OI Collen, Ben/0000-0003-2564-4243; Loader, Simon/0000-0003-4162-0575 FU Museum of Comparative Zoology's Putnam Expedition Grants; National Geographic Expedition GrantNational Geographic Society [8532-08]; Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority; University of Basel; European UnionEuropean Commission; Natural History Museum London; University of Richmond Faculty Research Committee; Stipendienkommission fur Nachwuchskrafte aus Entwicklungslandern, Basel FX For advice, help with fieldwork, and permits for research and export, we thank (in no particular order) Hailu Tadesse, Kifle Argaw, Yeneneh Teka, Daniel Pawlos and Birutesfa Yimer (Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority), Afework Bekele and Abebe Getahun (Addis Ababa University), Isa (WWF), Daniel Tilaye (Bale Mountains National Park), Ryan Kerney (Harvard University), Alastair Nelson, Anouska Kinahan and Thadaigh Baggallay (Frankfurt Zoological Society), Michael Geiser (University of Basel), Zelealem Tefera, Addis Berhanu, Sisay Shewamene, Red Jackal Tour Operators, the people of Rira, Colin Tilbury, Bill Branch, Chris Smith, Jon Gower, Alexia Kerney, Jonathan and Tim Spawls, and our guides in 2008-2009 (Issa, Ahmed, Hussein, Hussein and Mohammed). The Harvard University expedition received funding from the Museum of Comparative Zoology's Putnam Expedition Grants. Fieldwork in 2008 and 2009 was supported in part by a National Geographic Expedition Grant (CRE Grant #8532-08). The following bodies also funded surveys and laboratory work: Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority, University of Basel, European Union Synthesys project (AAM), The Natural History Museum London (DJG, SPL), University of Richmond Faculty Research Committee (RdS), and Stipendienkommission fur Nachwuchskrafte aus Entwicklungslandern, Basel (AAM). 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N., 2017, GEN ADDITIVE MODELS, V2nd NR 50 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 18 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0030-6053 EI 1365-3008 J9 ORYX JI Oryx PD JAN PY 2013 VL 47 IS 1 BP 59 EP 69 DI 10.1017/S0030605311001426 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 155DR UT WOS:000319726600016 OA Bronze, Green Published DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Gil-Romera, G Adolf, C Benito, BM Bittner, L Johansson, MU Grady, DA Lamb, HF Lemma, B Fekadu, M Glaser, B Mekonnen, B Sevilla-Callejo, M Zech, M Zech, W Miehe, G AF Gil-Romera, Graciela Adolf, Carole Benito, Blas M. Bittner, Lucas Johansson, Maria U. Grady, David A. Lamb, Henry F. Lemma, Bruk Fekadu, Mekbib Glaser, Bruno Mekonnen, Betelhem Sevilla-Callejo, Miguel Zech, Michael Zech, Wolfgang Miehe, Georg TI Long-term fire resilience of the Ericaceous Belt, Bale Mountains, Ethiopia SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Africa; Erica; flammability; fire trap; charcoal; palaeoecology ID SUB-ALPINE HEATHLANDS; PERSISTENCE; MANAGEMENT; LIGNOTUBER; ARBOREA AB Fire is the most frequent disturbance in the Ericaceous Belt (ca 3000-1300 m.a.s.l.), one of the most important plant communities of tropical African mountains. Through resprouting after fire, Erica establishes a positive fire feedback under certain burning regimes. However, present-day human activity in the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia includes fire and grating systems that may have a negative impact on the resilience of the ericaceous ecosystem. Current knowledge of Erica-fire relationships is based on studies of modern vegetation, lacking a longer time perspective that can shed light on baseline conditions for the fire feedback. We hypothesite that fire has influenced Erica communities in the Bale Mountains at millennial time-scales. To test this, we (1) identity the tire history ot the Bale Mountains through a pollen and charcoal record from Garba Guracha, a lake at 3950 m.a.s.l., and (2) describe the long-term bidirectional feedback between wildfire and Erica, which may control the ecosystem's resilience. Our results support fire occurrence in the area since ca 14 000 years ago, with particularly intense burning during the early Holocene, 10.8-6.0 cal ka BP. We show that a positive feedback between Erica abundance and fire occurrence was in operation throughout the Lateglacial and Holocene, and interpret the Ericaceous Bolt of the Ethiopian mountains as a long-term fire resilient ecosystem. We propose that controlled burning should be an integral part of landscape management in the Bale Mountains National Park. C1 [Gil-Romera, Graciela; Grady, David A.; Lamb, Henry F.] Aberystwyth Univ, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, Aberystwyth, Dyfed, Wales. [Gil-Romera, Graciela; Sevilla-Callejo, Miguel] CSIC, IPE, Pyrenean Inst Ecol, Zaragoza, Spain. [Gil-Romera, Graciela; Fekadu, Mekbib; Miehe, Georg] Phillips Marburg Univ, Dept Geog, Marburg, Germany. [Adolf, Carole] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Long Term Ecol Lab, Oxford, England. [Benito, Blas M.] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol Sci, Bergen, Norway. [Bittner, Lucas; Lemma, Bruk; Glaser, Bruno; Mekonnen, Betelhem; Zech, Michael] Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg, Soil Biogeochem, Inst Agron & Nutr Sci, Halle, Saale, Germany. [Johansson, Maria U.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Ecol Environm & Plant Sci, Stockholm, Sweden. [Fekadu, Mekbib] Addis Ababa Univ, Coll Nat & Computat Sci, Dept Plant Biol & Biodivers Management, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Sevilla-Callejo, Miguel] Univ Zaragoza, Dept Geog & Land Management, Zaragoza, Spain. [Zech, Michael] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Geog, Dresden, Germany. [Zech, Wolfgang] Univ Bayreuth, Inst Soil Sci & Soil Geog, Bayreuth, Germany. RP Gil-Romera, G (corresponding author), Aberystwyth Univ, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, Aberystwyth, Dyfed, Wales.; Gil-Romera, G (corresponding author), CSIC, IPE, Pyrenean Inst Ecol, Zaragoza, Spain.; Gil-Romera, G (corresponding author), Phillips Marburg Univ, Dept Geog, Marburg, Germany. EM graciela.gil@ipe.csic.es RI Callejo, Miguel Sevilla/AAW-7495-2020; Zech, Michael/F-8026-2018; Glaser, Bruno/ABC-1676-2021; Gil-Romera, Graciela/C-9262-2016; Benito, Blas M./D-4681-2014 OI Callejo, Miguel Sevilla/0000-0003-1856-4659; Zech, Michael/0000-0002-9586-0390; Glaser, Bruno/0000-0002-3057-3868; Gil-Romera, Graciela/0000-0001-5726-2536; Bittner, Lucas/0000-0003-2521-5596; Adolf, Carole/0000-0002-5127-3004; Lamb, Henry/0000-0003-0025-0766; Lemma, Bruk/0000-0002-9943-2158; Benito, Blas M./0000-0001-5105-7232 FU DFGGerman Research Foundation (DFG)European Commission [FOR 2358]; FRIMEDBIO (Research Council of Norway)Research Council of Norway [249894]; Swiss National Science FoundationSwiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)European Commission [P2BEP2_178414] FX This study was funded by the DFG research unit FOR 2358. B.M.B. was supported by FRIMEDBIO (Research Council of Norway) trough IGNEX (project 249894). C.A. was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (P2BEP2_178414). 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PD JUL PY 2019 VL 15 IS 7 AR 20190357 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2019.0357 PG 5 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA IO1JB UT WOS:000479136400027 PM 31337290 OA Bronze, Green Accepted, Green Published DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Mohammed, MU Bonnefille, R AF Mohammed, MU Bonnefille, R TI A late Glacial late Holocene pollen record from a highland peat at Tamsaa, Bale Mountains, south Ethiopia SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15 INQUA Symposium on Carbon Cycle CY AUG, 1995 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP INQUA Commiss Carbon, IGCP 404, INTAS DE peat; pollen; highland; Bale Mountains; Ethiopia; late Glacial late Holocene ID CLIMATE AB Pollen analysis of a 1 m 80 core, taken from Tamsaa swamp at 3000 m on the northern side of the Bale Mountains, southern Ethiopia, shows, from ca. 13,000-10,000 C-14 year BP, Apiaceae-dominated pioneer toeless vegetation on the deglaciated landscape. 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Change PD MAY PY 1998 VL 17 BP 121 EP 129 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA ZY040 UT WOS:000074580600010 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Reber, D Fekadu, M Detsch, F Vogelsang, R Bekele, T Nauss, T Miehe, G AF Reber, David Fekadu, Mekbib Detsch, Florian Vogelsang, Ralf Bekele, Tamrat Nauss, Thomas Miehe, Georg TI High-Altitude Rock Shelters and Settlements in an African Alpine Ecosystem: The Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia SO HUMAN ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE High-altitude habitation; Tropical mountains; Pastoralism; Settlement history; GPS mapping; Bale Mountains National Park; Ethiopia ID MOCHENA BORAGO ROCKSHELTER; MIDDLE STONE-AGE; LATE PLEISTOCENE; ARCHAEOLOGY; OCCUPATION AB This first survey of rock shelters and settlements in the Bale Mountains in Ethiopia is a baseline assessment for further research into the settlement history of Africa's largest alpine highlands. Extensive GPS-based mapping and interviews resulted in two detailed maps, a catalogue of profiles, and complete photographic documentation. In total, 331 rock shelters (four permanently inhabited, 51 seasonally inhabited, and 276 currently uninhabited) and 870 settlements (207 permanently inhabited, 449 seasonally inhabited, 214 uninhabited) were recorded together with information about the activities and livelihoods of the inhabitants of the current settlements. This 2015 study was part of the Ethiopian-European research project "The mountain exile hypothesis - how humans benefited from and re-shaped African high-altitude ecosystems during Quaternary climate changes" (DFG FOR 2358). It was designed to support future management plans in this internationally important conservation area that has recently faced increasing land-use pressure and the threat of degradation. C1 [Reber, David; Fekadu, Mekbib; Detsch, Florian; Nauss, Thomas; Miehe, Georg] Univ Marburg, Fac Geog, Deutschhausstr 10, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. [Fekadu, Mekbib; Bekele, Tamrat] Addis Ababa Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Biodivers Management, Coll Nat & Computat Sci, POB 3434, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Vogelsang, Ralf] Univ Cologne, Inst Prehist Archaeol, Weyertal 125, D-50923 Cologne, Germany. RP Miehe, G (corresponding author), Univ Marburg, Fac Geog, Deutschhausstr 10, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. EM miehe@staff.uni-marburg.de RI Nauss, Thomas/H-7270-2013 OI Nauss, Thomas/0000-0003-3422-0960 FU German Research Foundation (DFG)German Research Foundation (DFG) [NA 783/12-1, AOBJ 628803] FX This study was funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG; grant number NA 783/12-1, AOBJ 628803). 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R., 1981, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ACCL NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0300-7839 EI 1572-9915 J9 HUM ECOL JI Hum. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2018 VL 46 IS 4 BP 587 EP 600 DI 10.1007/s10745-018-9999-5 PG 14 WC Anthropology; Environmental Studies; Sociology SC Anthropology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Sociology GA GR6CI UT WOS:000442732300012 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Ermilov, SG Sidorchuk, EA Rybalov, LB AF Ermilov, Sergey G. Sidorchuk, Ekaterina A. Rybalov, Leonid B. TI New oribatid mites of the superfamily Ceratozetoidea (Acari: Oribatida) from Ethiopia SO AFRICAN INVERTEBRATES LA English DT Article DE Oribatida; Ceratozetoidea; Africoribates; Ceratozetes; Ocesobates; mites; new species; Afro-tropical; Ethiopia ID EASTERN PART AB Four new species of oribatid mites of the superfamily Ceratozetoidea, Ceratozetes baleensis sp. n. (Ceratozetidae), Ocesobates schatzi sp. n. (Chamobatidae), Africoribates subiasi sp. n. and A. amorphus sp. n. (both Humerobatidae), are described from southern Ethiopia. The first two species were collected in soil from Harenna Forest of Bale Mountains National Park (the second species was also collected in plants on rock from Cholomu Forest, 10 km to the south of Ginchi city); the third and fourth species were collected in litter (Cholomu Forest) and plants (Bale Mountains National Park, plateau Sanetti). The genus Ocesobates is recorded for the first time in Africa. The genus Africoribates is recorded for the first time in Ethiopia. Identification keys to all known species of Ocesobates and Africoribates are presented. C1 [Ermilov, Sergey G.] Nizhniy Novgorod Referral Ctr Fed Serv Vet & Phyt, Phytosanit Dept, Entomol Lab, Nizhnii Novgorod 603107, Russia. [Sidorchuk, Ekaterina A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Paleontol, Lab Arthropods, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Rybalov, Leonid B.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Ecol & Evolutionary Problems, Lab Soil Zool & Gen Entomol, Moscow 117071, Russia. RP Ermilov, SG (corresponding author), Nizhniy Novgorod Referral Ctr Fed Serv Vet & Phyt, Phytosanit Dept, Entomol Lab, Prospekt Gagarina 97, Nizhnii Novgorod 603107, Russia. EM ErmilovAcari@yandex.ru; esidorchuk@rambler.ru; lrybalov52@mail.ru RI Sidorchuk, Ekaterina/G-3089-2014 FU Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Academy of Sciences; Ambo Plant Protection Research Centre, EIAR FX We gratefully acknowledge Dr Umukusum Shtanchaeva (Caspian Institute of Biological Resources, Makhachkala, Russia) and Prof. Luis Subias (Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain) for consultations. We thank Prof. G. Weigmann (Free University Berlin, Germany) and an anonymous reviewer for valuable comments. We gratefully acknowledge Prof. Roy A. Norton (State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, USA) and Kerstin Franke (Senckenberg Museum fur Naturkunde Gorlitz, Germany) for help with collecting literature. We gratefully acknowledge A.I. Bastrakov (Institute of Ecological and Evolutionary Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia) for help with collecting Ethiopian oribatid mites. The work was performed within the framework of the Joint Russian-Ethiopian Biological Expedition financially supported by the Russian Academy of Sciences. We are grateful to our Project Coordinators Dr Andrey Darkov and Ato Girma Yosef for management of the expedition. We thank Dr Kemal Ali, director of the Ambo Plant Protection Research Centre, EIAR, for supporting field studies and organizing laboratory operations. 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A., 1965, Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, V72, P83 Willmann C., 1931, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V9, P240 NR 30 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU COUNCIL NATAL MUSEUM PI PIETERMARITZBURG PA PRIVATE BAG 9070, PIETERMARITZBURG, KWAZULU-NATAL 00000, SOUTH AFRICA SN 1681-5556 EI 2305-2562 J9 AFR INVERTEBR JI Afr. Invertebr. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 52 IS 2 BP 323 EP 343 DI 10.5733/afin.052.0208 PG 21 WC Entomology; Paleontology; Zoology SC Entomology; Paleontology; Zoology GA 859GS UT WOS:000297865500008 OA gold DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU UHLIG, SK UHLIG, K AF UHLIG, SK UHLIG, K TI STUDIES ON THE ALTITUDINAL ZONATION OF FORESTS AND ALPINE PLANTS IN THE CENTRAL BALE MOUNTAINS, ETHIOPIA SO MOUNTAIN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article C1 TECH UNIV DRESDEN,BOT GARTEN,O-8019 DRESDEN,GERMANY. RP UHLIG, SK (corresponding author), TECH UNIV DRESDEN,SEKT FORSTWIRTSCHAFT,O-8223 THARANDT,GERMANY. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA JOURNALS DEPT 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 SN 0276-4741 J9 MT RES DEV JI Mt. Res. Dev. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 11 IS 2 BP 153 EP 156 DI 10.2307/3673574 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA FN089 UT WOS:A1991FN08900007 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Yineger, H Kelbessa, E Bekele, T Lulekal, E AF Yineger, Haile Kelbessa, Ensermu Bekele, Tamrat Lulekal, Ermias TI Plants used in traditional management of human ailments at Bale Mountains National Park, Southeastern Ethiopia SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL PLANTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ethnobotany; ethnomedicine; indigenous knowledge; medicinal plant; traditional medicine; traditional healer; Bale; Ethiopia ID MEDICINAL-PLANTS; KNOWLEDGE; PEOPLE; ANTIFUNGAL; DISTRICT; REGION; ZONE AB Though the majority of people in Ethiopia at large, and at Bale Mountains National Park in particular, rely on ethnomedicinal plant species to manage human ailments, the indigenous knowledge largely remains undocumented. Therefore, an ethnobotanical study was conducted on medicinal plant species used to manage human ailments at Bale Mountains National Park, Southeastern Ethiopia. Observations and semi-structured interviews were used to gather ethnobotanical data. Altogether, 56 ailments were reported to be managed using 101 different ethnomedicinal plant species. Consensus of traditional healers was high in managing eczema (ICF = 0.58), tinea versicolor (ICF = 0.50), rheumatism (ICF = 0.43), haemorrhoids (ICF = 0.33), earache (ICF = 0.33) and gonorrhoea (ICF = 0.27). The mean number of plant species used by each healer showed significant difference with district. Most medicinal plant species reported in this study were found to be under threat and this calls for urgent conservation measures so as to maximize the sustainable use of these vital resources in the study area. C1 [Yineger, Haile] Jimma Univ, Dept Biol, Jimma, Ethiopia. [Kelbessa, Ensermu; Bekele, Tamrat] Univ Addis Ababa, Natl Herbarium, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Lulekal, Ermias] Debre Berhan Univ, Dept Biol, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia. RP Yineger, H (corresponding author), Jimma Univ, Dept Biol, POB 5195, Jimma, Ethiopia. EM haile_mulu@yahoo.com FU World BankThe World Bank India FX This research was funded by the World Bank through the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Medicinal Plants Project in Ethiopia. Traditional healers of Bale Mountains National Park and buffer zones are genuinely acknowledged for their hospitality. We thank Mr. Getachew Addis and Sister Tsehay Ayitenew for their invaluable help in the translation of diseases into their medical terms. The field assistants and translators Mr. Mebratie Alebel, Mr. Kebede Shibru, Mr. Abdurahaman Wario and Mr. Addisu Assefa are also thanked. We are also grateful to the Bale Mountains National Park administration office and The National Herbarium (ETH), Addis Ababa University for letting us use the available facilities. Dr. David Ebbutt of UK, a native speaker of the English language, edited this manuscript. Mr. Zeleke Kebede, a GIS specialist, constructed map of the study area. 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Med. Plants Res. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 2 IS 6 BP 132 EP 153 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 367DA UT WOS:000260531500004 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Dullo, BW Grootjans, AP Roelofs, JGM Senbeta, AF Fritz, C AF Dullo, B. W. Grootjans, A. P. Roelofs, J. G. M. Senbeta, A. F. Fritz, C. TI Fen mires with cushion plants in Bale Mountains, Ethiopia SO MIRES AND PEAT LA English DT Article DE Astelia pumila; erosion; drainage; Eriocaulon schimperi; hydrology; over-grazing ID NATIONAL-PARK AB In March 2013 we investigated two small peatlands in the Bale Mountains in central Ethiopia. The mires are located on the Sanetti Plateau at an altitude of approximately 4000 metres above mean sea level (a.m.s.l.). Their vegetation is dominated by tussocky Carex species and locally also by a cushion plant Eriocaulon schimperi, which occurs elsewhere in eastern Africa in montane areas at altitudes between 2000 and 4100 m a.m.s.l. We studied the vegetation and pore water at different depths. The pore water chemistry suggested that these mires were groundwater fed, but also received water as precipitation and calcium-poor runoff from adjacent hills. The cushion plants (Eriocaulon schimperi) on the Sanetti Plateau resemble Astelia pumila, a cushion plant that dominates large 'blanket bog type' mires in south-west Chile and the south-eastern part of Tierra del Fuego (Argentina). Both species appear to expand in slightly degrading fens or bogs under rather extreme environmental conditions. We also discuss possible evolutionary adaptations within the Eriocaulon family to the harsh environment of mountain mires at high altitudes. C1 [Dullo, B. W.; Grootjans, A. P.] Univ Groningen, NL-9700 AB Groningen, Netherlands. [Dullo, B. W.; Grootjans, A. P.; Roelofs, J. G. M.; Fritz, C.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Senbeta, A. F.] Hawassa Univ, Awasa, Ethiopia. [Dullo, B. W.] Univ Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Fritz, C.] Hsch Rhein Waal, Kleve, Germany. RP Dullo, BW (corresponding author), Univ Addis Ababa, Dept Plant Biol & Biodivers Management, Coll Nat Sci, POB 3434, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM kooket@gmail.com RI Grootjans/I-1638-2012; Roelofs, Jan GM/C-1243-2011 OI Dullo, Bikila Warkineh/0000-0002-8488-4020; Fritz, Christian/0000-0003-2687-9749 FU NAM (Nederlandse Aarolie Maatschappij); ERA Foundation (Netherlands) FX This study was financed by NAM (Nederlandse Aarolie Maatschappij) and the ERA Foundation (Netherlands). The department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology of Radboud University in Nijmegen, The Netherlands, provided laboratory facilities, technical assistance and accommodation. We also acknowledge the Ethiopian Wild Life Conservation Authority for their permission to conduct this field study in Bale Mountains National Park. 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TI New species of oribatid mites of the superfamily Galumnoidea (Acari: Oribatida) from Ethiopia SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE oribatid mites; new species; Ethiopia; Bale Mountains National Park ID EASTERN PART; REGION ACARI AB Three new species of oribatid mites of the superfamily Galumnoidea, Pilizetes anufrievi sp. nov., Taeniogalumna behanae sp. nov., Galumnella baleensis sp. nov., are described from Bale Mountains National Park (African region, Ethiopia). Keys to closely related species of these genera are presented. C1 [Ermilov, Sergey G.] Ctr Independent Examinat NN, Entomol Lab, Nizhnii Novgorod 603107, Russia. [Sidorchuk, Ekaterina A.] Russian Acad Sci, Lab Arthropods, Inst Paleontol, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Rybalov, Leonid B.] Russian Acad Sci, Lab Soil Zool & Gen Entomol, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow 117071, Russia. RP Ermilov, SG (corresponding author), Ctr Independent Examinat NN, Entomol Lab, Gagarin 97, Nizhnii Novgorod 603107, Russia. EM ermilovacari@yandex.ru; esidorchuk@rambler.ru; lrybalov52@mail.ru RI Sidorchuk, Ekaterina/G-3089-2014 FU Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS)Russian Academy of Sciences FX The authors are very grateful to Prof. Dr. Roy A. Norton (State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, USA) for his consultations and help with collecting literature, as well as thorough review of this manuscript (except description of Galumnella baleensis) and many valuable suggestions. The authors also are very grateful to Dr. Umukusum Shtanchaeva (Caspian Institute of Biological Resources, Makhachkala, Russia) and Prof. Dr. Luis Subias (Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain) for consultations and to Edit Horvath (Hungarian Natural History Museum, Hungary) for help with collecting literature. The work was performed within the framework of the Joint Russian-Ethiopian Biological Expedition (JERBE) financially supporting by the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS). 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A. Khasanov, B. F. Krylovich, O. A. Debella, H. Jebessa Worku, W. Girmay Yirga, S. Savinetsky, A. B. TI Vegetation and Climate History of the Harenna Forest (Bale Mountains, Ethiopia) in the Holocene SO BIOLOGY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID NON-POLLEN PALYNOMORPHS; ECOLOGICAL CHANGES; AFRICAN; REGENERATION; TERMINATION; SPORES; FUNGI AB The results of spore-pollen analysis and analysis of non-pollen palynomorphs of the Katcha zoogenic deposit, located in the Harenna Forest (Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia) are presented. It is revealed that bamboo monodominant communities have inhabited areas at altitudes of 2700-2800 m above sea level for at least the past 6500 years. A trend towards a decrease in bamboo communities due to climate aridization in the last 5000 years has been revealed. It is established that active human impact on these ecosystems began 1000 years ago. C1 [Kuzmicheva, E. A.; Khasanov, B. F.; Krylovich, O. A.; Savinetsky, A. B.] Russian Acad Sci, Severtsov Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow 119071, Russia. [Debella, H. Jebessa; Yirga, S.] Addis Ababa Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Fac Life Sci, Addis Ababa 1176, Ethiopia. [Worku, W. Girmay] Addis Ababa Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Ctr Environm Sci, Addis Ababa 1176, Ethiopia. RP Kuzmicheva, EA (corresponding author), Russian Acad Sci, Severtsov Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow 119071, Russia. EM kuzmicheva.evgeniya@gmail.com RI Debella, HabteJebessa/N-4775-2019; Khasanov, Bulat/Y-2371-2019; Krylovich, Olga/A-7330-2016; Savinetsky, Arkady B/A-5356-2016 OI Debella, HabteJebessa/0000-0002-2738-5268; Khasanov, Bulat/0000-0001-6535-9741; FU Russian Foundation for Basic ResearchRussian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) [16-34-00292 mol_a]; Joint Russian-Ethiopian Biological Expedition; Basic Research Program of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences "Origin and Evolution of Biophere" FX This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 16-34-00292 mol_a), the Joint Russian-Ethiopian Biological Expedition, and the Basic Research Program of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences "Origin and Evolution of Biophere." 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Bull PD NOV PY 2018 VL 45 IS 6 BP 537 EP 548 DI 10.1134/S1062359018060067 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA HO6GK UT WOS:000461027600003 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Reuber, VM Rey-Iglesia, A Westbury, MV Cabrera, AA Farwig, N Skovrind, M Sumbera, R Wube, T Opgenoorth, L Schabo, DG Lorenzen, ED AF Reuber, Victoria M. Rey-Iglesia, Alba Westbury, Michael, V Cabrera, Andrea A. Farwig, Nina Skovrind, Mikkel Sumbera, Radim Wube, Tilaye Opgenoorth, Lars Schabo, Dana G. Lorenzen, Eline D. TI Complete mitochondrial genome of the giant root-rat (Tachyoryctes macrocephalus) SO MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Mitochondrial genome; Tachyoryctes; phylogenetics; Bale Mountains AB The endangered giant root-rat (Tachyoryctes macrocephalus, also known as giant mole rat) is a fossorial rodent endemic to the afro-alpine grasslands of the Bale Mountains in Ethiopia. The species is an important ecosystem engineer with the majority of the global population found within 1000 km(2). Here, we present the first complete mitochondrial genome of the giant root-rat and the genus Tachyoryctes, recovered using shotgun sequencing and iterative mapping. A phylogenetic analysis including 15 other representatives of the family Spalacidae placed Tachyoryctes as sister genus to Rhizomys with high support. This position is in accordance with a recent study revealing the topology of the Spalacidae family. The full mitochondrial genome of the giant root-rat presents an important resource for further population genetic studies. C1 [Reuber, Victoria M.; Farwig, Nina; Schabo, Dana G.] Univ Marburg, Dept Biol, Conservat Ecol, Marburg, Germany. [Rey-Iglesia, Alba; Westbury, Michael, V; Cabrera, Andrea A.; Skovrind, Mikkel; Lorenzen, Eline D.] Univ Copenhagen, GLOBE Inst, Sect Evolutionary Genom, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Sumbera, Radim] Univ South Bohemia, Dept Zool, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. [Wube, Tilaye] Addis Ababa Univ, Coll Nat & Computat Sci, Dept Zool Sci, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Opgenoorth, Lars] Univ Marburg, Dept Biol Plant Ecol & Geobot, Marburg, Germany. RP Reuber, VM (corresponding author), Univ Marburg, Dept Biol, Conservat Ecol, Marburg, Germany. EM reuber@staff.uni-marburg.de; dana.schabo@staffuni-marburg.de RI Opgenoorth, Lars/C-9624-2018; Cabrera, Andrea A./E-8130-2013 OI Westbury, Michael/0000-0003-0478-3930; Cabrera, Andrea A./0000-0001-5385-1114; Skovrind, Mikkel/0000-0002-5430-5884 FU German Research Council (DFG) of the joint Ethio-European DFG Research Unit 2358 "The Mountain Exile Hypothesis. How humans benefited from and re-shaped African high-altitude ecosystems during Quaternary climate changes"German Research Foundation (DFG) [FA-925/14-1, OP-219/10-2, SCHA-2085/3-1]; Czech Science FoundationGrant Agency of the Czech Republic [18-17398S] FX This work was supported by the German Research Council (DFG) in the framework of the joint Ethio-European DFG Research Unit 2358 "The Mountain Exile Hypothesis. How humans benefited from and re-shaped African high-altitude ecosystems during Quaternary climate changes" [FA-925/14-1], [OP-219/10-2], [SCHA-2085/3-1] and the Czech Science Foundation [18-17398S]. 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PD AUG 3 PY 2021 VL 6 IS 8 BP 2191 EP 2193 DI 10.1080/23802359.2021.1944388 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA TC5YU UT WOS:000668719500001 PM 34263047 OA Green Published, gold DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Nelson, WR Hanan, BB Graham, DW Shirey, SB Yirgu, G Ayalew, D Furman, T AF Nelson, Wendy R. Hanan, Barry B. Graham, David W. Shirey, Steven B. Yirgu, Gezahegn Ayalew, Dereje Furman, Tanya TI Distinguishing Plume and Metasomatized Lithospheric Mantle Contributions to Post-Flood Basalt Volcanism on the Southeastern Ethiopian Plateau SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE East African rift; mantle plume; metasomatism; HIMU; Ethiopian Plateau ID EAST-AFRICAN RIFT; OS ISOTOPE SYSTEMATICS; SPINEL PERIDOTITE XENOLITHS; CONTINENTAL FLOOD BASALTS; HIGH-MU VOLCANISM; TRACE-ELEMENT; MAFIC LAVAS; NORTHERN KENYA; RE-OS; CRUSTAL CONTAMINATION AB Magmatism in the East African Rift System (EARS) contains a spatial and temporal record of changing contributions from the Afar mantle plume, anciently metasomatized lithosphere, the upper mantle and the continental crust. A full understanding of this record requires characterizing volcanic products both within the rift valley and on its flanks. In this study, three suites of mafic, transitional to alkaline lavas, were collected over a northeast-southwest distance of similar to 150 km along the southeastern Ethiopian Plateau, adjacent to the Main Ethiopian Rift. Specifically, late Oligocene to Quaternary mafic lavas were collected from Chiro, Debre Sahil and the Bale Mountains. New major element, trace element, Ar-40/(39) Ar ages and isotopic results (Sr, Nd, Pb, Hf, Os, He) show spatial and temporal variation in the lavas caused by dynamical changes in the source of volcanism during the evolution of the EARS. The trace element compositions of Oligocene and Miocene Chiro lavas indicate derivation from mildly depleted and nominally anhydrous lithospheric mantle, with variable inputs from the crust. Further south, Miocene Debre Sahil and alkaline Bale Mountains lavas have enriched incompatible trace element ratios (e.g. Ba/Nb = 12-43, La/Sm-N = 3.1-4.9, Tb/Yb-N = 1.6-2.4). Additionally, their Sr-87/Sr-86, Nd-143/Nd-144, Hf-176/Hf-177 and Pb-206/Pb-204 values trend toward a radiogenic Pb (HIMU) component. Radiogenic Os-187/Os-188 in these lavas correlates positively with Pb-206/Pb-204 and trace element indicators consistent with ancient metasomatic enrichment of their mantle source. In contrast, transitional Miocene Bale Mountains lavas have lower incompatible trace element abundances, less enriched trace element ratios (Ba/Nb similar to 7, La/Sm-N = 2.3-2.5) and less radiogenic isotopic signatures that originate from melting garnet-bearing, anhydrous lithospheric mantle (Tb/Yb-N = 2.5-2.9). Pliocene and Quaternary Bale Mountains basaltic lavas are chemically and isotopically similar to Main Ethiopian Rift lavas. Trace element and isotopic indicators in both of these suites denote an amphibole-bearing source distinct from that sampled by the older Bale Mountains lavas. Isotopically, Pliocene and Quaternary Bale lavas have notably less radiogenic Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic ratios. Quaternary Bale Mountains lavas have the strongest mantle plume contribution (He-3/He-4 = 12.1-12.5 R-A), while other Bale Mountains, Debre Sahil and Chiro lavas were derived dominantly by melting of lithospheric or upper mantle sources (He-3/He-4 = 5. 1-9.1 R-A). A multi-stage, regional-scale model of metasomatism and partial melting accounts for the spatial and temporal variations on the southeastern Ethiopian Plateau. Early Debre Sahil and alkaline Bale Mountains mafic lavas are melts derived from Pan-African lithosphere containing amphibole-bearing metasomes, while later transitional Bale basalts are melts of lithosphere containing anhydrous, clinopyroxene-rich veins. These ancient metasomatized domains were eventually removed through preferential melting, potentially during thermal erosion of the lithosphere or lithospheric foundering. Pliocene and Quaternary Bale Mountains lavas erupted after tectonic extension progressed throughout Ethiopia and was accompanied by increased plume influence on the volcanic products. C1 [Nelson, Wendy R.; Furman, Tanya] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hanan, Barry B.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Graham, David W.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Shirey, Steven B.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, 5241 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Yirgu, Gezahegn; Ayalew, Dereje] Addis Ababa Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Nelson, Wendy R.] Towson Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Geosci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. RP Nelson, WR (corresponding author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.; Nelson, WR (corresponding author), Towson Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Geosci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. EM wrnelson@towson.edu RI Graham, David/C-3612-2014 OI Graham, David/0000-0002-7411-1905; Nelson, Wendy/0000-0002-3047-0172 FU National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-0551954, GEO-0631377, OCE-0079943, OCE12-59964]; Pennsylvania State University Department of Geosciences [Paul D. Krynine Memorial Fund] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation [EAR-0551954 to T.F., GEO-0631377 to T.F, OCE-0079943 to B.H., OCE12-59964 to D.G.] and the Pennsylvania State University Department of Geosciences [Paul D. Krynine Memorial Fund to W.N.]. 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Petrol. PD MAY PY 2019 VL 60 IS 5 BP 1063 EP 1094 DI 10.1093/petrology/egz024 PG 32 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JH9TW UT WOS:000493112300006 OA Bronze DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Refera, B Bekele, A AF Refera, B Bekele, A TI Population status and structure of mountain nyala in the Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bale Mountains; mountain nyala; population structure AB The study on the population status and structure of mountain nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni) was carried out in the Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia during the wet and dry seasons of 2000/2001. Total counts were carried out in an area of 13.1 km(2). The count ranged between 682 and 732 individuals. Females comprised 62.9% while males 27.4%. The calf ratio was 9.7%. The group structure of the animals varied with season. Large herds were frequently observed during the wet season and smaller groups during the dry season. Group size changed seasonally. In both seasons, 7-12 individuals were the frequent group size formation. The maximum group (62) was observed during the wet season. The population trend of the animal from 1975 to 1990 indicated a recovery and increase. But between 1990 and 1995 the population showed a continuous and steep decline. However, between 1995 and 2000 the population trend showed a better condition when compared with the previous years. C1 Univ Addis Ababa, Dept Biol, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Bekele, A (corresponding author), Univ Addis Ababa, Dept Biol, POB 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM Zagt@telecom.net.et CR ANSELL WFH, 1971, MAMMALS AFRICA ID 15 ATWALL AS, 1974, APPL ANIMAL ECOLOGY Bergerud A.T., 1971, WILDLIFE MONOGR, V25, P3 Borkowski J, 1998, J ZOOL, V245, P29, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1998.tb00068.x BOWYER RT, 1984, J MAMMAL, V65, P414 BROWN L H, 1969, Mammalia, V33, P545, DOI 10.1515/mamm.1969.33.4.545 BROWN LH, 1971, STATUS HABITAT BEHAV, P23 BUER CE, 1971, UNPUB REPORT SURVEY, P31 Estes RD, 1991, BEHAV GUIDE AFRICAN Foster, 1996, MEASURING MONITORING Hillman J. 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J. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 42 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1111/j.0141-6707.2004.00437.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 809HN UT WOS:000220627900001 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Osmaston, HA Mitchell, WA Osmaston, JAN AF Osmaston, HA Mitchell, WA Osmaston, JAN TI Quaternary glaciation of the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia SO JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Ethiopia; Bale Mountains; Quaternary; glaciation; air photographs ID CHRONOLOGY AB Central Ethiopia comprises a high plateau at 2000-3000 m, formed from Tertiary lava flows and bisected by the Eastern African Rift. Ten volcanic mountains rise to altitudes of just over 4000 m, but on only three has Quaternary glaciation been substantiated by published field observations. On the Bale Mountains (4400m), a previous report based on limited evidence proposed an ice-cap extending to 600 km(2). Based on aerial photographs and ground surveys, this paper reports evidence of a more complex situation. A wide spread of large erratic boulders on the plateau records a central ice cap of 30 km(2), though ice probably extended for a further 40 km(2). Further north two groups of deeply incised and clearly glaciated valleys contain moraines and roches moutonnees (60 km(2)). On interfluves between them and on the open north slopes are moraines from an earlier stage of the same glaciation or from a distinct older event. Altogether about 180 km(2) may have been glaciated. Cores dated by C-14 from inside and outside the glaciated area suggest that at least the northern valley glaciers may date from the Last Glacial Maximum. Estimated equilibrium line altitudes for these glaciers and the ice-cap are 3750-4230 m. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Mott Macdonald & Partners, Cambridge CB1 2RS, England. RP Osmaston, HA (corresponding author), Thwaite End, Ulverston LA12 8BN, Cumbria, England. 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PD SEP PY 2005 VL 20 IS 6 BP 593 EP 606 DI 10.1002/jqs.931 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 969DF UT WOS:000232212900007 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Chignell, SM Laituri, MJ Young, NE Evangelista, PH AF Chignell, Stephen M. Laituri, Melinda J. Young, Nicholas E. Evangelista, Paul H. TI Afroalpine Wetlands of the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia: Distribution, Dynamics, and Conceptual Flow Model SO ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF GEOGRAPHERS LA English DT Article ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; HIGHER-ORDER INTERPOLATION; LAND-USE; CLASSIFICATION; VEGETATION; TRANSFORMATION; PREDICTION; LANDSCAPE; CONNECTIVITY; TOPOGRAPHY AB The Bale Mountains of Ethiopia contain the largest contiguous area of alpine habitat in Africa. The region provides critical water resources and other essential environmental services to highland communities, endemic wildlife, and millions of downstream people in East Africa. Increasing land use change has created concern over degradation to headwater wetlands and potential impacts on hydrologic regimes. Baseline understanding of wetland dynamics is lacking, however, and little is known about their function in the regional hydrologic system. We used remote sensing, machine learning, and field surveys to map the distribution of Afroalpine wetlands in the Bale Mountains. We developed a wetland typology based on hydrogeomorphic characteristics and a conceptual model of surface-groundwater flow. Our results show that wetland extent more than doubles between wet and dry seasons and that only 4 percent of the Afroalpine zone is saturated year-round. We also found evidence of a hydrologic continuum based on volcanic and glacial legacies, with wetlands at elevations above approximately 3,800 m asl likely to be ephemeral and wetlands at lower elevations tending to be perennial. Further interpretation suggests that local geology is a principal control on wetland distribution and hydrologic attenuation in the Bale Mountains. This lays the foundation for further research into surface-groundwater connectivity, climate change impacts, and conservation planning. Key Words: Afroalpine, Ethiopian highlands, HGM classification, mountain water tower, tropical alpine. C1 [Chignell, Stephen M.; Laituri, Melinda J.; Evangelista, Paul H.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Young, Nicholas E.; Evangelista, Paul H.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Chignell, SM (corresponding author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Steve.Chignell@colostate.edu; Melinda.Laituri@colostate.edu; Nicholas.Young@colostate.edu; Paul.Evangelista@colostate.edu OI Chignell, Stephen/0000-0002-8277-4338 FU National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation (NSF) [1313728]; Murulle Foundation; International Development Interdisciplinary Studies Program at Colorado State University; National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNational Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) [NNX14AB60A] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (Award No. 1313728), The Murulle Foundation, and a travel grant from the International Development Interdisciplinary Studies Program at Colorado State University. A portion of the material is based on work supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under award No. NNX14AB60A. 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Am. Assoc. Geogr. PD MAY 4 PY 2019 VL 109 IS 3 BP 791 EP 811 DI 10.1080/24694452.2018.1500439 EA FEB 2019 PG 21 WC Geography SC Geography GA HW6CC UT WOS:000463573700001 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Kuzmicheva, EA Debella, H Khasanov, B Krylovich, O Babenko, A Savinetsky, A Severova, E Yirga, S AF Kuzmicheva, E. A. Debella, H. Khasanov, B. Krylovich, O. Babenko, A. Savinetsky, A. Severova, E. Yirga, S. TI Holocene hyrax dung deposits in the afroalpine belt of the Bale Mountains (Ethiopia) and their palaeoclimatic implication SO ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Holocene; Pollen; Ethiopia; Dung deposit; Hyrax; Climate; Vegetation history ID LATE QUATERNARY; VEGETATION HISTORY; LATE PLEISTOCENE; EAST-AFRICA; CLIMATE; POLLEN; RECORD; RAINFALL; PLATEAU; MIDDENS AB The results of pollen analysis and radiocarbon dating are presented for two hyrax dung deposits from rock shelters found in the Afroalpine zone of the Bale Mountains (South-Central Ethiopia). Deposits accumulated from about 15,000 to 1500 (cal) years BP and from 7000 (cal) years BP till nowadays, respectively. Pollen spectra of the initial stages of deposit development (up to 15,000 (cal) years BP) correlate with unfavourable conditions in the Late Glacial Maximum. The African Humid Period (AHP) (15,000-5000 (cal) years BP) is registered in this palaeoecological record as well as the Younger Dryas event (about 12,500 (cal) years BP). Upward shift of Afromontane forest belt and expansion of ericoid communities at high altitudes were characteristic of the Pleistocene/Holocene transition (about 10,000 (cal) years BP). The AHP which continues around 10,000 (cal) years BP after Younger Dryas, was interrupted by a dry episode around 8200 (cal) years BP. Principal aridisation trend during the last 5000 years was observed. Presumably the first traces of human activities in this area can be shown for up about 2500 (cal) years BP. C1 [Kuzmicheva, E. A.; Khasanov, B.; Krylovich, O.; Babenko, A.; Savinetsky, A.] Russian Acad Sci, Severtsov Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow 119071, Russia. [Debella, H.; Yirga, S.] Univ Addis Ababa, Fac Life Sci, Coll Nat Sci, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Severova, E.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Higher Plants, Fac Biol, Moscow 119234, Russia. RP Kuzmicheva, EA (corresponding author), Russian Acad Sci, Severtsov Inst Ecol & Evolut, Leninsky Pr 33, Moscow 119071, Russia. 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PD FEB PY 2013 VL 18 IS 1 BP 72 EP 81 DI 10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000018 PG 10 WC Archaeology; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Archaeology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 140TT UT WOS:000318679000007 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Yimer, F Ledin, S Abdelkadir, A AF Yimer, Fantaw Ledin, Stig Abdelkadir, Abdu TI Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks as affected by topographic aspect and vegetation in the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE slope aspect; carbon sequestration; forest soils; organic matter; vegetation zonation ID EASTERN AUSTRALIAN SITES; FOREST SOILS; MATTER; GRADIENT; AGRICULTURE; TRANSECT; PROVINCE; CLIMATE; STORAGE; IMPACT AB Soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (total N) stocks in 0-0.3 and 0.3-1.0m soil layers were estimated following the standard procedures for three vegetation communities; Schefflera-Hagenia, Hyperieum-Erica-Schefflera, and Erica arborea (shrub size), at different topographic aspects (east-, west-, north- and south-facing) on the Bale Mountains in the south-eastem highlands of Ethiopia. The results showed that SOC and total N in the top 0.3m depth varied significantly among vegetation communities (p < 0.001) and aspects (p=0.003). At all aspects studied, the overall mean SOC and total N amounts to a depth of 1.0m ranged from 32.67 to 46.03 kg cm(-2) and 2.89 to 3.61 kg N m(-2) among the vegetation communities. The overall mean SOC and total N stocks to a depth of 1.0m varied from 35.13 to 44.97kg C m(-2) and 2.90 to 3.75kg N m(-2) among aspects. Topographic aspect induced microclimatic differences and vegetation community types were found to be important factors for the significant variations in SOC and total N stocks in the Bale Mountains. About 45% of the SOC stock in the 0-1.0 m layer of the mineral soil was held in the top 0.3 m of the soil, indicating the potentially large amount of CO2 that can be released from the top surface soils when these vegetations are deforested and converted into grazing and cultivation. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 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Res. Dev. PD MAY-AUG PY 1988 VL 8 IS 2-3 BP 253 EP 258 DI 10.2307/3673456 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA P1425 UT WOS:A1988P142500025 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Gower, DJ Wade, EOZ Spawls, S Bohme, W Buechley, ER Sykes, D Colston, TJ AF Gower, David J. Wade, Edward O. Z. Spawls, Stephen Bohme, Wolfgang Buechley, Evan R. Sykes, Daniel Colston, Timothy J. TI A new large species of Bitis Gray, 1842 (Serpentes: Viperidae) from the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Africa; Bitis parviocula; Harenna; Macrocerastes; snake; taxonomy; viper ID PHYLOGENY AB A new species of viperine viperid snake is described, Bitis harenna sp. nov. The new species is a member of the subgenus Macrocerastes based on it having three scales separating the nasal and rostral shields, and on the combination of 'divisions' of dorsal scale rows on the upper flanks and 'fusions' of rows on the lower flanks. Bitis harenna sp. nov. is distinguished from other members of the subgenus by its unique colour pattern, posterior parietal flange on the lateral wall of the braincase, and possibly by differences in scalation and head proportions. Only a single museum specimen is known, a female collected from 'Dodola' in Ethiopia probably in the late 1960s and previously identified as a possibly unusually coloured and patterned B. parviocula. A live, presumably male, specimen very closely resembling the holotype of Bitis harenna sp. nov. was photographed on the Harenna escarpment of the Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia in 2013, providing secure occurrence data and evidence that the holotype is not a uniquely aberrant specimen. A revised key to the species of Bitis in Ethiopia is presented. Aspects of body scalation are compared among species of the subgenus Macrocerastes and between species of Macrocerastes and Bitis, and several systematic characters are highlighted and clarified. C1 [Gower, David J.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Life Sci, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, England. [Wade, Edward O. Z.] Middlesex Univ, London NW4 4BT, England. [Spawls, Stephen] 7 Crostwick Lane, Norwich NR10 3PE, Norfolk, England. [Bohme, Wolfgang] Zool Forsch Museum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany. [Buechley, Evan R.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Sykes, Daniel] Nat Hist Museum, Imaging & Anal Ctr, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, England. [Colston, Timothy J.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Biol, 108 Shoemaker Hall, University, MS 38677 USA. [Colston, Timothy J.] Univ Addis Ababa, Zool Nat Hist Museum, Arat Kilo, Ethiopia. RP Gower, DJ (corresponding author), Nat Hist Museum, Dept Life Sci, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, England. 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Data were collected in three forest patches and in open grassland using total count technique in 2009 and 2011. The total number of ungulate groups found in interspecific associations was 444, comprising 26.8% of the total 1657 groups recorded. For the five study species, the relative frequency with which a given species occurred in interspecific association deviated significantly from the expected mean relative frequency (i.e. 26.8%). Each study species showed preferences to form interspecific associations with one or two other species. Interspecific association formation increased mean group sizes for bohor reedbuck and mountain nyala. And most of the species had greater overall mean group sizes in the open habitat compared to forest habitat. In general, the association pattern reported here could be attributed to antipredator response and/or mutual grazing facilitation, which might be beneficial to one or all of the species involved. C1 [Asefa, Addisu] Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Asefa, Addisu] Ethiopian Wildlife Conservat Author, POB 386, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Asefa, A (corresponding author), Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa.; Asefa, A (corresponding author), Ethiopian Wildlife Conservat Author, POB 386, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM aa.mitiku@gmail.com OI Asefa, Addisu/0000-0002-6042-9592 FU Fitzpatrick Institute of Ornithology Centre of Excellence/University of Pretoria; Frankfurt Zoological Society-Bale Mountains Conservation Project FX Jemal Kassim and Usman Abdella are duly acknowledged for their help during the data collection. These data were collected during a bird study conducted in the study area, a project funded by the Fitzpatrick Institute of Ornithology Centre of Excellence/University of Pretoria and Frankfurt Zoological Society-Bale Mountains Conservation Project. 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J. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 54 IS 2 BP 217 EP 224 DI 10.1111/aje.12290 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DM2BR UT WOS:000376151600011 OA Green Submitted DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Mekonnen, A Bekele, A Hemson, G Teshome, E Atickem, A AF Mekonnen, Addisu Bekele, Afework Hemson, Graham Teshome, Eyob Atickem, Anagaw TI Population size and habitat preference of the Vulnerable Bale monkey Chlorocebus djamdjamensis in Odobullu Forest and its distribution across the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia SO ORYX LA English DT Article DE Bale monkey; bamboo; Chlorocebus djamdjamensis; distribution; Ethiopia; habitat preference; Odobullu Forest; population size ID KAKAMEGA FOREST; NATIONAL-PARK; ABUNDANCE; CONSERVATION; DIVERSITY; DENSITIES; PRIMATES; BIOMASS; EASTERN; PATTERNS AB The Bale monkey Chlorocebus djamdjamensis is a little-known primate endemic to the south-eastern highlands of Ethiopia. From August 2007 to May 2008 we surveyed to determine the species' habitat preferences and population size in the Odobullu Forest and its range across the Bale Mountains. In Odobullu Forest a total of 136 transects of 1.8-3.0 km were surveyed over a total distance of 280 km. Bale monkey groups were encountered only in bamboo forest, suggesting that the species is a bamboo forest specialist. The density and population size of the Bale monkey in the bamboo forest of Odobullu Forest were estimated to be 121-141 km(-2) and 1,718-2,002, respectively. At a larger scale, we assessed the distribution of the Bale monkey in 40% of the bamboo forest across the Bale Mountains within the species' altitudinal range of 2,400-3,250 m. We identified the areas to be surveyed using a 200 m digital elevation model and a 10-m resolution satellite image. We found the Bale monkey in five areas, three of which are previously unrecorded locations for the species. The Bale monkey is now categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, partly based on the results of our surveys. Although extensive, our surveys did not cover all of the species' potential habitat and further surveys are required across all of the bamboo forest of the Bale Mountains and Sidamo region (the western extension of the Bale Mountains). C1 [Mekonnen, Addisu; Bekele, Afework] Univ Addis Ababa, Dept Biol, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Hemson, Graham] Ethiopian Wolf Conservat Programme, Robe, Ethiopia. [Teshome, Eyob] Frankfurt Zool Soc, Robe, Ethiopia. [Atickem, Anagaw] Univ Oslo, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, Oslo, Norway. RP Mekonnen, A (corresponding author), Univ Addis Ababa, Dept Biol, POB 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM addisumk@yahoo.com RI Mekonnen, Addisu/U-6087-2018 OI Mekonnen, Addisu/0000-0001-8403-1071 FU Ethiopian Wolf Conservation Programme; Primate Conservation, Inc.; Pittsburgh Zoo and PPG Aquarium FX This research was funded by the Ethiopian Wolf Conservation Programme, Primate Conservation, Inc. and Pittsburgh Zoo and PPG Aquarium. Satellite imagery was provided by FARM-Africa and SOS Sahel Ethiopia. We thank Addis Ababa University (Department of Biology) and Frankfurt Zoological Society for logistical support, the Federal Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority and Oromia Region Wildlife Department for permission to conduct this research, and Peter Fashing, Nga Nguyen, Colin Groves, Tom Butynski and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and for providing access to relevant literature. We are also grateful to our field assistants and camp attendants and to the local villagers across the region. 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Kasso, Mohammed Komarova, Valeria A. Martynov, Alexey A. Gromov, Anton R. Alexandrov, Dmitry Y. Bekele, Afework Zewdie, Chemere Bryja, Josef Lavrenchenko, Leonid A. TI Taxonomic and genetic diversity of rodents from the Arsi Mountains (Ethiopia) SO MAMMALIA LA English DT Article DE Afromontane biodiversity hotspot; endemic rodents; Ethiopia; faunal survey ID BALE-MOUNTAINS; GENUS STENOCEPHALEMYS; SPECIES COMPLEX; MURIDAE; LOPHUROMYS; EVOLUTION; MAMMALS; TACHYORYCTES; PLEISTOCENE AB The Arsi Mountains (Southeastern Ethiopian mountain block) are a unique region comprising a range of habitats, including natural montane forest, extensive ericaceous scrub and small, restricted patches of Afroalpine ecosystem. During 3 years of sampling small mammals, 13 rodent species were recorded, including the extremely rare Mus imberbis and Dendromus nikolausi. Genetic analysis was used to shed light on the taxonomic diversity of rodents in the Arsi Mountains and their evolutionary associations with populations from other Ethiopian montane massifs (including the neighbouring Bale Mountains). All species recorded are endemic to the Ethiopian highlands. The results of this study provide the first genetically confirmed data on the occurrence of such endemic species as Lophuromys melanonyx, L. chrysopus and a yet undescribed Dendromus species in the Arsi Mountains. The genetic affinities of some Arsi rodents with their conspecifics in the neighbouring Bale Mountains were also explored. The results suggest the Arsi Mountains as one of the most important hotspots of unique Ethiopian mammal diversity. C1 [Kostin, Danila S.; Komarova, Valeria A.; Martynov, Alexey A.; Gromov, Anton R.; Alexandrov, Dmitry Y.; Lavrenchenko, Leonid A.] Russian Acad Sci, AN Severtsov Inst Ecol & Evolut, Leninskii Pr 33, Moscow 119081, Russia. [Kostin, Danila S.] Russian Acad Sci, NK Koltzov Inst Dev Biol, Vavilov Str 26, Moscow 119334, Russia. [Kasso, Mohammed] Dire Dawa Univ, Dept Biol, Dire Dawa 1362, Ethiopia. [Bekele, Afework] Addis Ababa Univ, Dept Zool Sci, Addis Ababa 1176, Ethiopia. [Zewdie, Chemere] Oromia Forest & Wildlife Enterprise, Debre Zeit 1075, Ethiopia. [Bryja, Josef] Czech Acad Sci, Inst Vertebrate Biol, Kvetna 8, Brno 60365, Czech Republic. [Bryja, Josef] Masaryk Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Bot & Zool, Kotiarska 2, Brno 61137, Czech Republic. RP Kostin, DS (corresponding author), Russian Acad Sci, AN Severtsov Inst Ecol & Evolut, Leninskii Pr 33, Moscow 119081, Russia.; Kostin, DS (corresponding author), Russian Acad Sci, NK Koltzov Inst Dev Biol, Vavilov Str 26, Moscow 119334, Russia. EM ds.kostin@yandex.ru RI Lavrenchenko, Leonid/N-7129-2017; Martynov, Aleksey/AAO-5855-2020; Bryja, Josef/C-3013-2008; Komarova, Valeria/U-6599-2019; Kostin, Danila/AAO-5818-2020 OI Lavrenchenko, Leonid/0000-0001-9961-8748; Bryja, Josef/0000-0003-0516-7742; Komarova, Valeria/0000-0002-9357-688X; Kostin, Danila/0000-0001-9138-5222 FU Russian Foundation for Basic ResearchRussian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) [15-04-03801-a, 18-04-00563-a]; Czech Science FoundationGrant Agency of the Czech Republic [18-17398S] FX We are indebted to the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority (EWCA) and the Oromia Forest and Wildlife Enterprise (OFWE) for the permission to work in the Arsi Mountains National Park (permission no. EWCA Ref. No. 31/336/05, 20/03/2013; OFWE 06/02/2015, and OFWE 18/02/2016). We are grateful to the JERBE Coordinators Dr. Andrei Darkov (Joint Ethio-Russian Biological Expedition, Fourth Phase - JERBE IV) and Ato Woubishet Tefessa (Ethiopian Ministry of Science and Technology) for management of the expedition in the field and in Addis Ababa. We thank Dr. Elena Zemlemerova for help with genotyping. We are grateful to Dr. Kevin Roche for the help with English corrections. Financial support for this study was provided by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, projects no. 15-04-03801-a and 18-04-00563-a (Funder Id: 10.13039/501100002261), and the Czech Science Foundation, project no. 18-17398S. 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W., 2013, MAMMALS OF AFRICA, V3, P547 Yalden D.W., 2013, MAMMALS AFRICA, V3, P472 YALDEN DW, 1988, AFR J ECOL, V26, P281, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2028.1988.tb00980.x Yalden DW, 1996, TROP ZOOL, V9, P73, DOI 10.1080/03946975.1996.10539304 YALDEN DW, 1992, MAMMAL REV, V22, P115, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2907.1992.tb00128.x NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0025-1461 EI 1864-1547 J9 MAMMALIA JI Mammalia PD MAY PY 2019 VL 83 IS 3 BP 237 EP 247 DI 10.1515/mammalia-2017-0135 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA HW2OR UT WOS:000466525900005 OA Bronze DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Koppetsch, T Necas, P Wipfler, B AF Koppetsch, Thore Necas, Petr Wipfler, Benjamin TI A new chameleon of the Trioceros affinis species complex (Squamata, Chamaeleonidae) from Ethiopia SO ZOOSYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Bale Mountains; biogeography; Ethiopia; Great Rift Valley; key; morphology; new species; systematics; taxonomy; Trioceros wolfgangboehmei sp. nov ID MOUNTAINS-NATIONAL-PARK; SAURIA CHAMAELEONIDAE; BALE-MOUNTAINS; EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS; MALAGASY CHAMELEONS; UDZUNGWA MOUNTAINS; CRYPTIC DIVERSITY; MONTANE FOREST; ALBERTINE RIFT; EAST-AFRICA AB A new species of chameleon, Trioceros wolfgangboehmei sp. nov., inhabiting the northern slopes of the Bale Mountains in Ethiopia, is described. It differs from its Ethiopian congeners by a combination of the following features: presence of a prominent dorsal crest with a low number of enlarged conical scales reaching along the anterior half of the tail as a prominent tail crest, a casque raised above the dorsal crest, heterogeneous body scalation, long canthus parietalis, rugose head scalation, high number of flank scales at midbody and unique hemipenial morphology. Based on morphological characteristics, phylogenetic discordances of previous studies and biogeographical patterns, this new species is assigned to the Trioceros affinis (Ruppell, 1845) species complex. An updated comprehensive key to the Trioceros found in Ethiopia is provided. C1 [Koppetsch, Thore; Wipfler, Benjamin] Zool Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany. [Necas, Petr] Archaius, Rozdelovaci 1380, CZ-66434 Kurim, Czech Republic. RP Koppetsch, T (corresponding author), Zool Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany. 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Norman, John, III Berhanu, Lakew Kumar, Sunil Alley, Nathaniel TI Predicting habitat suitability for the endemic mountain nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni) in Ethiopia SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE classification tree; ecological niche model; habitat suitability; WorldClim ID BALE-MOUNTAINS; VEGETATION; MODELS; PATTERNS; FORESTS AB The use of statistical models to predict species distributions and suitable habitat has become an essential tool for wildlife management and conservation planning. Models have been especially useful with rare and endangered wildlife species. One such species is the mountain nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni), a spiral-horned antelope endemic to the Ethiopian highlands. The full range of the species has never been adequately defined and recent discoveries of new populations suggest that others may exist undetected. To identify potential mountain nyala occurrences, we used classification tree analysis to predict suitable habitat using 76 climatic, topographical and vegetative variables. Three model evaluation methods showed a strong performance of the final model with an overall accuracy of 90%, Cohen's maximised kappa of 0.80 and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value of 0.89. Minimum temperature and maximum precipitation generally had the greatest predictive contributions to suitable mountain nyala habitat. The predicted habitat covered an area of 39378 km(2), with the majority occurring in remote forests on the southern escarpment of the Bale Mountains. Other areas within the predicted range may be too impacted by human and livestock populations to support mountain nyala; however, the model will be useful in directing future surveys for new populations while offering clues to the species historical range. C1 [Evangelista, Paul H.; Norman, John, III; Kumar, Sunil] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Evangelista, Paul H.; Alley, Nathaniel] Murulle Fdn, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Berhanu, Lakew] Ethiopian Wildlife Conservat Dept, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Evangelista, PH (corresponding author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM paulevan@nrel.colostate.edu RI Evangelista, Paul/D-2315-2016; Evangelista, Paul/F-4801-2011; Kumar, Sunil/A-6730-2009 FU Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Department; Oromia Regional Land; Natural Resource Department; The Murulle Foundation FX The authors would like to thank the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Department and Oromia Regional Land and Natural Resource Department for their support of this important work and for sharing their survey data. We also would like to thank The Murulle Foundation for funding and logistical support; the USA Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center and Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, for technical support; ESRI (R) GIS and Mapping Software for software support; and Ethiopian Rift Valley Safaris for use of their facilities and field personnel. Additional gratitude is expressed to Banovich Wildscapes Foundation, Conklin Foundation, Dallas Ecological Foundation, R. Baker, G. Bond, A. Randell, P. Ripepi, J.C. and N.A. Roussos, A. Sackman, W. Stout, SCI Pittsburg Chapter, Shikar Safari Club and P. Swartzinski. 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Parameters such as the presence or absence of both livestock and Mountain Nyala dung, extent of browsing, vegetation height and evidence of wood extraction by the local communities were assessed from 171 randomly laid plots (each covering 100 m(2)). Additional 25 plots were used to measure spatial changes of vegetation structure and cover across Gaysay grassland area. Presence of livestock and other human activities in the area negatively affected habitat availability and quality for Nyala. C1 [Bekele, A.] Univ Addis Ababa, Dept Biol, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Mamo, Y.] Hawassa Univ, Dept Wildlife & Ecotourism, Hawassa, Ethiopia. RP Bekele, A (corresponding author), Univ Addis Ababa, Dept Biol, POB 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM afeworkbekele@hotmail.com FU Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources; Swedish International Development Authority FX We would like to express our gratitude to Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources, and Swedish International Development Authority for their financial and logistic assistance. Staff members of BMNP are also thanked for their support during the study period. 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PD SEP PY 2011 VL 52 IS 3 BP 265 EP 273 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 804TY UT WOS:000293678100004 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Aseres, SA Sira, RK AF Aseres, Sintayehu Aynalem Sira, Raminder Kaur TI Estimating visitors' willingness to pay for a conservation fund: sustainable financing approach in protected areas in Ethiopia SO HELIYON LA English DT Article DE Protected areas; Bale Mountains National Park; Conservation; Conservation fund; Ecotourism; Contingent valuation method; Sustainable financing; Willingness to pay; Nature conservation; Social sciences; Tourism; Tourism management; Tourism economics ID CONTINGENT VALUATION; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; NATIONAL-PARK; COMMUNITY LIVELIHOODS; ECONOMIC VALUATION; WILDLIFE TOURISM; ECOTOURISM; BENEFITS; DETERMINANTS; MANAGEMENT AB An increasing number of protected areas (PAs) are being established in many countries to conserve and preserve the wildlife species and to maintain earth's ecological balance, but in emerging economies such as Ethiopia, PAs are currently confronted with inadequate conservation funding that makes it tough to protect the remaining biodiversity. PAs, therefore try to use other financial means such as ecotourism to subsidize their financial shortage and nourishes the nexus between conservation and development. Estimation of visitors' willingness to pay (WTP) would be useful to craft strategies to strengthen the self-financing capability of PAs and hence realizing environmental and livelihood goals. In this study, the visitors' WTP for the proposed conservation fund in the context of Bale Mountains National Park (BMNP) was estimated using a contingent valuation method. The finding indicated that 75% of visitors were willing to pay a conservation fee. The mean WTP was estimated to be US$7.40 for foreign visitors and US$1.00 for domestic visitors. The finding suggests that the implementation of conservation fee in addition to the existing entry fee helps to improve the long-term sustainable financing of PAs. C1 [Aseres, Sintayehu Aynalem] Madda Walabu Univ, Dept Tourism Management, Bale Robe, Ethiopia. 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FU Volk-swagenStiftung, GermanyVolkswagen FX Financial support for the study from Volk-swagenStiftung, Germany, is gratefully acknowledged. 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Currently, the importance of ecotourism services quality (ESQ) is gaining tremendous attention due to the growing demand for ecotourism worldwide and ever-increasing expectations from visitors. Indisputably, service quality has become an instrument for policy framework and a show map for an organization's success. Thus, this study measured the ESQ and visitor satisfaction in Bale Mountains National Park (BMNP), Ethiopia. Based on a survey of 293 international visitors, a revised ECOSERV model was proposed with 7 ESQ dimensions and 28 attributes which particularly apply in an ecotourism context. The SERVICE GAP Analysis also revealed the negative disconfirmation and, therefore, the existing ESQ is not meeting the growing visitor expectations in BMNP. Thus, park management should address the off-putting service gaps to enhance visitors' overall satisfaction, eco-experience and increase ecotourism competitiveness. 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Leis. Res. PD MAY 26 PY 2020 VL 23 IS 3 BP 386 EP 406 DI 10.1080/11745398.2019.1642769 EA JUL 2019 PG 21 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA MI0JQ UT WOS:000476071600001 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Gower, DJ Doherty-Bone, TM Aberra, RK Mengistu, A Schwaller, S Menegon, M de Sa, R Saber, SA Cunningham, AA Loader, SP AF Gower, David J. Doherty-Bone, Thomas M. Aberra, Roman K. Mengistu, Abebe Schwaller, Silvia Menegon, Michele de Sa, Rafael Saber, Samy A. Cunningham, Andrew A. Loader, Simon P. TI High prevalence of the amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) across multiple taxa and localities in the highlands of Ethiopia SO HERPETOLOGICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Africa; Bale Mountains; conservation; frogs; Harenna; Kaffa; life history ID POPULATION DECLINES; CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; FROGS; BIODIVERSITY; WIDESPREAD; PATHOGEN; MONTANE; ORIGIN; ANURA; TIME AB Surveys of the potentially lethal amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis - Bd) in Africa are patchy, especially in some regions of high species endemicity. We present results of the first Bd surveys of wild amphibians in Ethiopia, for two upland regions on either side of the Rift Valley: the Bale Mountains and the Kaffa region. Surveys were opportunistic so that robust interpretation of the data is limited. Utilizing diagnostic qPCR assays, 51 out of 120 frogs (14 species in 10 genera) tested positive for Bd at altitudes of 1,620-3,225 m, across all genera and species, and all but two localities. Prevalence was not significantly different between the two regions or two years (2008, 2009) sampled. Prevalence and parasite load was higher in species with aquatic tadpoles than those with terrestrial early life-history stages, but these differences were not significant. Impacts of Bd infection were not investigated, but no dead or dying frogs were found. This is the first report of Bd in Ethiopia, a country in which approximately 40% of its more than 60 species are endemic. Declines have occurred in some frog species in some localities in Ethiopia, and although habitat degradation is a likely cause in at least some places, further studies of Bd in Ethiopia are required to understand if it is a threat. C1 [Gower, David J.; Doherty-Bone, Thomas M.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Zool, London SW7 5BD, England. [Aberra, Roman K.] Ethiopian Wildlife Conservat Author, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Mengistu, Abebe; Schwaller, Silvia; Loader, Simon P.] Univ Basel, Inst Biogeog, Dept Environm Sci, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. [Menegon, Michele] Museo Tridentino Sci Nat, Sez Zool Vertebrati, I-38100 Trento, Italy. [de Sa, Rafael] Univ Richmond, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. [Saber, Samy A.] Univ Addis Ababa, Dept Biol, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Cunningham, Andrew A.] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England. RP Gower, DJ (corresponding author), Nat Hist Museum, Dept Zool, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, England. EM d.gower@nhm.ac.uk RI Doherty-Bone, Thomas/L-7109-2016; de Sa, Rafael Omar/AAK-1409-2021; Cunningham, Andrew A/E-7536-2010 OI Doherty-Bone, Thomas/0000-0002-8074-5955; FU National GeographicNational Geographic Society [8532-08]; Conservation Leadership Programme; Institute of Biogeography, University of Basel; Stipendienkommission fur Nachwuchskrafte aus Entwicklungslandern, Basel; Natural History Museum, London FX We thank staff of the Ethiopia Wildlife Conservation Authority for practical assistance and issuing of research and export permits, in particular Daniel Pawlos, Yeneneh Teka, Kifle Agraw and Birutesfa Yimer. Biologists of the University of Addis Ababa provided important support towards this project and are thanked, especially Dr Abebe Getahun, Professor Afework Bekele, Dr Araya Asfaw, and Dr Satish Kumar. The Swiss Tropical Institute provided important logistical and financial support, especially Dr Juerg Utzinger. Funding for survey work was supported by National Geographic [CRE Grant #8532-08: Amphibians of the Fractured Dome] and the Conservation Leadership Programme. Further funding from the following institutes was important in conducting the surveys and the taxonomic work: Institute of Biogeography, University of Basel; Stipendienkommission fur Nachwuchskrafte aus Entwicklungslandern, Basel; the Natural History Museum, London. Our work in the field would not have been possible without the help of many individuals, in particular Anoushka Kinahan and Thadaigh Baggallay (both Frankfurt Zoological Society), Michael Geiser, Fikirte Gebresenbet, Yoseph Assefa, Red Jackal Tour Operators and our Harenna guides Ahmed, Hussein, Hussein, Issa and Mohammed. Matthew Perkins and Frances Clare provided invaluable assistance to T.D-B in the laboratory. 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However, intensive reaction was detected to an alarm call of the black-clawed brush-furred rat, a social rodent often occupying root-rats' burrows. This result is understandable given the two rodents have the same principal predator, the Ethiopian wolf. C1 [Hrouzkova, Ema; Bernasova, Eliska; Skliba, Jan] Univ South Bohemia, Fac Sci, Branisovska 1760, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. RP Skliba, J (corresponding author), Univ South Bohemia, Fac Sci, Branisovska 1760, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. 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TI Quaternary glacial and periglacial processes in the Ethiopian Highlands in relation to the current afro-alpine vegetation SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GEOMORPHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Quaternary environment; (peri)glacial landforms; Ethiopian Highlands; afroalpine vegetation ID BALE MOUNTAINS; LAKE; MAXIMUM; AFRICA; BEHAVIOR; MONSOON; MAPS AB The highlands of Ethiopia show a great variety in present and past climate. The environments differ in altitude, latitude and local conditions. This has an influence on vegetation and geomorphologic processes. Present knowledge of past glacial and periglacial landforms concentrates around the highest mountain ranges of Ethiopia, the Semien Mountains, the Bale Mountains and the Arsi Mountains. Many intermediate mountains stay unexplored or just briefly discussed. No present glaciated mountains exist in Ethiopia but current periglacial processes occur on the highest peaks. The climate change sensitivity of the mountain environment can be assessed which can contribute to the study of the temperature sensitive treeline and land cover changes. Afro-alpine vegetation can be influenced by the presence of relict (peri)glacial landforms, which change the growing conditions by different soil properties. Further research will need to complement the existing observations by unexplored mountains and to establish altitudinal north-south trajects in Ethiopia regarding vegetation, geomorphological processes and landforms. C1 [Hendrickx, H.; Jacob, M.; Frankl, A.; Nyssen, J.] Univ Ghent, Dept Geog, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Guyassa, Etefa] Mekelle Univ, Dept Land Resources Management & Environm Protect, Mekelle, Ethiopia. RP Nyssen, J (corresponding author), Univ Ghent, Dept Geog, Krijgslaan 281 S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. EM jan.nyssen@ugent.be RI Frankl, Amaury/J-5908-2012; Nyssen, Jan/B-8280-2009; Jacob, Miro/D-9355-2017 OI Frankl, Amaury/0000-0002-1685-2780; Nyssen, Jan/0000-0002-2666-3860; Hendrickx, Hanne/0000-0001-8400-652X FU Ghent University through its Special Research Fund (BOF); Belgian Development Cooperation through VLIR-UOS FX The authors are grateful to Ghent University for funding this research through its Special Research Fund (BOF). H. Hendrickx benefited from a travel grant to Ethiopia awarded by the Belgian Development Cooperation through VLIR-UOS. 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PD MAR PY 2015 VL 59 IS 1 BP 37 EP 57 DI 10.1127/0372-8854/2014/0128 PG 21 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CE9TE UT WOS:000352185500003 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Atickem, A Williams, S Bekele, A Thirgood, S AF Atickem, Anagaw Williams, Stuart Bekele, Afework Thirgood, Simon TI Livestock predation in the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carnivores; human wildlife conflict; livestock; predation ID CANINE-DISTEMPER; RABIES; CONSERVATION; CARNIVORES; DOGS; CONFLICT AB In the Web Valley of the Bale Mountains National Park, the pastoral people suffer from livestock predation by wild carnivores. A total of 704 livestock were reported to be killed by wild carnivores over a 3-year period, causing a loss of potential revenue of 12 USD per year per household. Reported annual predation rates equated to 1.4% of the livestock population of the study area. Spotted hyaenas were responsible for most livestock predation (57%), followed by leopards (18%), common jackals (16%) and servals (9%). Hyaenas killed all livestock types (horses, donkeys, mules, cattle, goats and sheep) whilst leopards, common jackals and servals killed mostly goats and sheep. A survey of 362 households revealed that the pastoral people keep dogs to protect livestock from carnivores. During 250 nights of observation in the ten settlements, pastoralists were alerted to the presence of hyaenas on 80 occasions by the barking of their dogs. Such tradition of keeping dogs presents a threat to the persistence of the endangered Ethiopian wolf through diseases transmission. Given the frequency of carnivore attacks on livestock, it is desirable to develop alternative livestock protection methods that both minimize livestock losses and reduce the risk of disease transmission to Ethiopian wolves. C1 [Atickem, Anagaw] Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Williams, Stuart] Flora & Fauna Int, Africa Program, Maputo, Mozambique. [Bekele, Afework] Univ Addis Ababa, Dept Biol, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Thirgood, Simon] Macaulay Land Use Res Inst, Aberdeen AB15 8QT, Scotland. RP Atickem, A (corresponding author), Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, POB 1066, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. EM anagawa@yahoo.com FU Ethiopian Wolf Conservation; Born Free Foundation; Wildlife Conservation Network FX We thank the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority and the Bale Mountains National Park for permission to conduct this research. We are grateful to Ebrahim Abduke and Eddris Ebue for their assistance. This research was funded by the Ethiopian Wolf Conservation Programme which is supported by the Born Free Foundation and the Wildlife Conservation Network. Karen Laurenson and Deborah Randall made valuable comments on the manuscript. 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Haydon, Daniel T. TI Response of endemic afroalpine rodents to the removal of livestock grazing pressure SO CURRENT ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Afroalpine; Bale Mountains; Exclosures; Livestock grazing; Murid rodents ID BALE MOUNTAINS; MAMMAL DISTRIBUTION; BURROWING RODENTS; LARGE HERBIVORES; PRAIRIE DOGS; LAND-USE; VEGETATION; DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE; DYNAMICS AB The Bale Mountains of Ethiopia represent the world's largest continuous extent of afroalpine habitat. With a peak combined density of over 8000 individuals/km(2), the endemic giant mole rat Tachyoryctes macrocephalus, Blick's grass rat Arvicanthis blicki and the brush-furred mouse Lophuromys melanonyx are the dominant wild herbivores within this ecosystem and may be affected by the presence of high densities of domestic livestock. The purpose of this study was to establish whether these endemic rodent populations could respond to the removal of grazing pressure inside three 0.25 hectare livestock exclosures (paired with grazed control plots) and to determine whether such response was mediated through concomitant changes in the vegetation structure. We hypothesised that livestock grazing negatively affects endemic rodent populations through competition or increased predation risk and we predicted an increase in rodent biomass following the removal of grazing pressure. We found no evidence of rodent populations responding to the removal of livestock after fourteen months. The short-term nature of the experimental design, environmental fluctuations and the ecosystem's inherent stochasticity may explain the apparent lack of a significant response. However, while this study is inconclusive, it emphasises the need for more long-term experimental investigations to assess the effects of domestic grazers on vegetation and on dependent communities. The effects of rapidly increasing livestock numbers in the Bale Mountains will require continued close monitoring of vegetation and endemic animal communities as the afroalpine is altered by external biotic and abiotic forces [Current Zoology 57 (6): 741-750, 2011]. C1 [Vial, Flavie; Haydon, Daniel T.] Univ Glasgow, Coll Med Vet & Life Sci, Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth & Comparat Med, Boyd Orr Ctr Populat & Ecosyst Hlth, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Vial, Flavie; Macdonald, David W.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit, Tubney OX13 5QL, England. RP Vial, F (corresponding author), Univ Glasgow, Coll Med Vet & Life Sci, Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth & Comparat Med, Boyd Orr Ctr Populat & Ecosyst Hlth, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. EM f.vial@imperial.ac.uk OI Vial, Flavie/0000-0003-3603-4694 FU Royal Geographical Society with a British Airways Travel Bursary; Wildlife Conservation Society; Frankfurt Zoological Society FX We are very much indebted to Anteneh Girma, Hussein Safi and Yussefe Amano for their help with data collection. We thank the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Department, the Oromia Regional Government, and the Bale Mountains National Park for permission to undertake this research. We are grateful to the Ethiopian Wolf Conservation Project (in particular Dr Claudio Sillero-Zubiri) and Frankfurt Zoological Society for their logistical support and dedication in the field. Funding was provided by the Royal Geographical Society with a British Airways Travel Bursary; by the Wildlife Conservation Society under the Research Fellowship programme and Frankfurt Zoological Society. 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Zool. PY 2011 VL 57 IS 6 BP 741 EP 750 DI 10.1093/czoolo/57.6.741 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 865EN UT WOS:000298293800009 OA Green Submitted, gold DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Ayanu, Y Conrad, C Jentsch, A Koellner, T AF Ayanu, Yohannes Conrad, Christopher Jentsch, Anke Koellner, Thomas TI Unveiling Undercover Cropland Inside Forests Using Landscape Variables: A Supplement to Remote Sensing Image Classification SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAINS-NATIONAL-PARK; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; BALE-MOUNTAINS; AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; TOPOGRAPHIC ASPECT; WHEAT-VARIETIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAND-USE; BIODIVERSITY AB The worldwide demand for food has been increasing due to the rapidly growing global population, and agricultural lands have increased in extent to produce more food crops. The pattern of cropland varies among different regions depending on the traditional knowledge of farmers and availability of uncultivated land. Satellite images can be used to map cropland in open areas but have limitations for detecting undergrowth inside forests. Classification results are often biased and need to be supplemented with field observations. Undercover cropland inside forests in the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia was assessed using field observed percentage cover of land use/land cover classes, and topographic and location parameters. The most influential factors were identified using Boosted Regression Trees and used to map undercover cropland area. Elevation, slope, easterly aspect, distance to settlements, and distance to national park were found to be the most influential factors determining undercover cropland area. When there is very high demand for growing food crops, constrained under restricted rights for clearing forest, cultivation could take place within forests as an undercover. 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The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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Sidorchuk, Ekaterina A. Rybalov, Leonid B. TI THREE NEW SPECIES OF ORIBATID MITES (ACARI: ORIBATIDA: GALUMNOIDEA) FROM ETHIOPIA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Oribatid mites; Galumnidae; Galumnellidae; Galumna lanceosensilla n. sp.; Trichogalumna africana n. sp.; Galumnopsis giganteus n. sp.; new species; Ethiopia AB Three new species of oribatid mites of the superfamily Galumnoidea, Galumna lanceosensilla n. sp., Trichogalumna africana n. sp. (both Galumnidae), and Galumnopsis giganteus n. sp. (Galumnellidae), are proposed and described. All new species were collected in soil from Bale Mountains National Park of Southern Ethiopia. C1 [Ermilov, Sergey G.] Ctr Independent Examinat NN, Entomol Lab, Nizhnii Novgorod 603107, Russia. [Sidorchuk, Ekaterina A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Paleontol, Lab Arthropods, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Rybalov, Leonid B.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Ecol & Evolutionary Problems, Lab Soil Zool & Gen Entomol, Moscow 117071, Russia. RP Ermilov, SG (corresponding author), Ctr Independent Examinat NN, Entomol Lab, Gagarin 97, Nizhnii Novgorod 603107, Russia. EM ermilovacari@yandex.ru; e.a.sidorchuk@gmail.com; lrybalov52@mail.ru RI Sidorchuk, Ekaterina/G-3089-2014 FU Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Academy of Sciences FX The authors are very grateful to Dr. Umukusum Shtanchaeva (Caspian Institute of Biological Resources, Makhachkala, Russia) and Prof. Dr. Luis Subias (Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain) for consultations and help with collecting literature. The authors are also very grateful to Prof. Dr. Roy A. Norton (State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA), Prof. Dr. Heinrich Schatz (Institute of Ecology, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria), and Edit Horvath (Hungarian National History Museum, Hungary) for help with collecting literature. The work was performed within the framework of the Joint Russian-Ethiopian Biological Expedition financially supporting by the Russian Academy of Sciences. We are grateful to our Project Coordinators Dr. Andrey Darkov and Ato Girma Yosef for management of the Expedition. We thank Dr. Kemal Ali, director of the Ambo Plant Protection Research Centre, EIAR for supporting field studies and organizing laboratory operations. CR Balogh J., 1962, Annales du Musee Afrique Central, VNo. 110, P90 Balogh J., 2002, IDENTIFICATION KEYS, V1 Balogh J., 1960, COMPANHIA DIAMANTES, V48, P15 Balogh J., 1992, ORIBATID MITES GENER, V1 CHOI S-S, 1986, Korean Arachnology, V2, P47 GRANDJEAN F., 1931, BULL MUS NATION HIST NAT [PARIS], V3-4-5, P131 OHKUBO N, 1984, ACAROLOGIA, V25, P293 Subias L.S., 2010, LISTADO SISTEMATICO vonHeyden C. H. 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After comparing newly collected material with the type specimens and illustrations of both species, we propose that Aethiopiacris represents a junior synonym of Dorsthippus. Consequently, Dorsthippus parvus (La Greca, 1994) n. comb. becomes a new combination of Aethiopiacris parva. In this study, we summarize all the information on the genus Dorsthippus, which now includes two species. Morphology, type localities of the two species, distribution and habitat are discussed. Furthermore, a new record of D. baleensis in Bale Mountains National Park is presented. C1 [Felix, Rob; Massa, Bruno] Grasshopper Specialist Grp, SSC, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. [Massa, Bruno] Univ Palermo, Dept Agr & Forest Sci, Viale Sci 13, I-90128 Palermo, Italy. RP Felix, R (corresponding author), Grasshopper Specialist Grp, SSC, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. EM robfelix1@gmail.com OI Felix, Rob/0000-0003-1564-3781; MASSA, Bruno/0000-0003-2127-0715 CR Ash J. 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Soc. Entomol. Fr. PD SEP 2 PY 2020 VL 56 IS 5 BP 436 EP 446 DI 10.1080/00379271.2020.1833754 EA NOV 2020 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PE8EA UT WOS:000594043900001 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Ermilov, SG Sidorchuk, EA Rybalov, LB AF Ermilov, Sergey G. Sidorchuk, Ekaterina A. Rybalov, Leonid B. TI A new species of Separatoppia (Acari: Oribatida: Oppiidae) from Ethiopia SO SYSTEMATIC AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MITES AB The oribatid mite genus Separatoppia currently comprises four previously described species. We describe a new species, Separatoppia horvathae sp. nov., collected from soil in the Harenna forest within the Bale Mountains National Park (southeastern Ethiopia). This new species differs from its congeners by the extremely long sensilli. We present the first description of the ovipositor, gnathosoma and leg setation and solenidia of a Separatoppia species. 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Massa, Bruno TI Orthoptera (Insecta: Tettigonioidea, Pyrgomorphoidea, Acridoidea) of Kafa Biosphere Reserve, Bale Mountains National Park and other areas of conservation interest in Ethiopia SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Grasshopper; bushcricket; Horn of Africa; taxonomy; new species; species list; Ethiopian Insects Project ID HORATOSPHAGA SCHAUM; AFRICA; PHANEROPTERINAE; SPECIATION; GENUS AB An annotated checklist of 51 Orthoptera taxa (Tettigonioidea, Pyrgomorphoidea and Acridoidea) of Kafa Biosphere Reserve, Bale Mountains National Park and some additional sites in Ethiopia is presented. Ten species are newly recorded for the country. Four species are new to science: Peropyrrhicia attilioi n. sp., P. keffensis n. sp., P. semiensis n. sp. and Coryphosima danieli n. sp. The status of Peropyrrhicia cooperi Uvarov, 1934 and P. scotti Uvarov, 1934 is revised: both are considered valid species. C1 [Felix, Rob P. W. H.] Bijleveldsingel 42, NL-6524 AD Nijmegen, Netherlands. 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P., 1921, T ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC, V7, P106, DOI [10.1111/j.1365-2311.1921.tb02804.x, DOI 10.1111/J.1365-2311.1921.TB02804.X] Uvarov B.P., 1934, ZOOLOGICAL J LINNEAN, V38, P591 VONWATTENWYL CB, 1891, VERHANDLUNGEN KAISER, V41, P1 Watson C., 2011, WALIA, P181 YALDEN DW, 1992, MAMMAL REV, V22, P115, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2907.1992.tb00128.x NR 56 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD NOV 9 PY 2016 VL 4189 IS 1 BP 1 EP 59 DI 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.1.1 PG 59 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA EB9YZ UT WOS:000387755600001 PM 27988755 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Mekonnen, B Zech, W Glaser, B Lemma, B Bromm, T Nemomissa, S Bekele, T Zech, M AF Mekonnen, Betelhem Zech, Wolfgang Glaser, Bruno Lemma, Bruk Bromm, Tobias Nemomissa, Sileshi Bekele, Tamrat Zech, Michael TI Chemotaxonomic patterns of vegetation and soils along altitudinal transects of the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia, and implications for paleovegetation reconstructions - Part 1: stable isotopes and sugar biomarkers SO E&G QUATERNARY SCIENCE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; PALEOSOL SEQUENCE; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; LATE PLEISTOCENE; ORGANIC-MATTER; CARBON; CLIMATE; HIGHLANDS; DYNAMICS; PLANTS AB Today, on the Sanetti Plateau in the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia, only fragmented patches of Erica species can be found at high altitudes (between 3900 and 4200 m a.s.l.). However, it is hypothesized that during the later part of the last glacial period and the early Holocene the plateau was extensively covered by Erica shrubs. Furthermore, it is assumed that the vegetation was later heavily destroyed by human-induced fire and/or climate change phenomena. The objective of this study is to contribute to paleovegetation reconstructions of the Sanetti Plateau by evaluating the potential of stable isotopes (delta C-13 and delta N-15) and sugar biomarkers for distinguishing the dominant plant species, including Erica, and the soils below the plants. In a companion paper (Lemma et al., 2019a) we address the same issue by evaluating lignin-derived phenols and leaf-wax-derived n-alkane biomarkers. The stable carbon (delta C-13) and nitrogen (delta N-15) isotope values of the plant samples range from -27.5 parts per thousand to -23.9 parts per thousand and -4.8 parts per thousand to 5.1 parts per thousand, respectively. We found no significant delta C-13 and delta N-15 differences between the dominant plant species. Mineral topsoils (A(h) horizons) yielded more positive values than plant samples and organic layers (O layers), which reflects mineralization processes. Moreover, the delta N-15 values became generally more negative at higher altitudes. This likely indicates that the N cycle is more closed compared to lower altitudes. delta(15) N maxima around 4000 m a.s.l. point to fire-induced opening of the N cycle at the chosen study sites. Erica species yielded the lowest overall total sugar concentration (ranging from 58 to 118 mg g(-1)), dominated by galactose (G) and mannose (M). By contrast, Festuca species revealed much higher total sugar concentrations ranging from 104 to 253 mg g(-1), dominated by the pentose sugars arabinose (A) and xylose (X). Although a differentiation between Erica versus Festuca, Alchemilla and Helichrysum is possible based on (G + M) / (A + X) ratios, Erica cannot be unambiguously distinguished from all other plant species occurring on the Sanetti Plateau. In addition, plant-characteristic (G + M) / (A + X) sugar patterns change during soil organic matter formation in the A(h) horizons. This can be likely attributed to degradation effects and soil microbial build-up of galactose and mannose. In conclusion, soil degradation processes seem to render sugar biomarker proxies unusable for the reconstruction of the past extent of Erica on the Sanetti Plateau, Bale Mountains, Ethiopia. This finding is of relevance beyond our case study. C1 [Mekonnen, Betelhem; Glaser, Bruno; Lemma, Bruk; Bromm, Tobias; Zech, Michael] Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Agron & Nat Sci, Soil Biogeochem, Von Seckendorff Pl 3, D-06120 Halle, Germany. [Mekonnen, Betelhem] Misrak Polytech Coll, Dept Urban Agr, POB 785, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Zech, Wolfgang] Univ Bayreuth, Inst Soil Sci & Soil Geog, Univ Str 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. [Lemma, Bruk] Ethiopian Biodivers Inst, Forest & Rangeland Biodivers Directorate, POB 30726, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Nemomissa, Sileshi; Bekele, Tamrat] Addis Ababa Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Biodivers Management, POB 3434, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Zech, Michael] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Geog, Helmholtzstr 10, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. RP Mekonnen, B (corresponding author), Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Agron & Nat Sci, Soil Biogeochem, Von Seckendorff Pl 3, D-06120 Halle, Germany.; Mekonnen, B (corresponding author), Misrak Polytech Coll, Dept Urban Agr, POB 785, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM betymekonnen19@gmail.com RI Glaser, Bruno/ABC-1676-2021 OI Glaser, Bruno/0000-0002-3057-3868; Lemma, Bruk/0000-0002-9943-2158; Bromm, Tobias/0000-0001-5914-2917 FU DFGGerman Research Foundation (DFG)European Commission [GL327/18-1, ZE844/10-1] FX This research has been supported by the DFG (grant nos. GL327/18-1, ZE844/10-1). 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Sci. J. PD SEP 4 PY 2019 VL 68 IS 2 BP 177 EP 188 DI 10.5194/egqsj-68-177-2019 PG 12 WC Geology SC Geology GA IV3BK UT WOS:000484150100001 OA Green Submitted, gold DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Hailu, BT Fekadu, M Nauss, T AF Hailu, Binyam Tesfaw Fekadu, Mekbib Nauss, Thomas TI Availability of global and national scale land cover products and their accuracy in mountainous areas of Ethiopia: a review SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Review DE land use/land cover products; systematic review; Bale Mountains National Park; Ethiopia ID BLUE NILE BASIN; USE/COVER DYNAMICS; GERADO CATCHMENT; SOURCE REGION; IMPACTS AB A large variety of remote sensing-based land use/land cover (LULC) products are currently available on national and global scales. This literature review and in situ validation study evaluate the suitability of these products for local scale applications in the complex terrain of the Ethiopian mountains. For the review, 146 research papers are analyzed. Most studies (73%) have been published since 2013 and are based on individually computed maps. Not a single study relied on readily available LULC products. Nine readily available LULC products with 20-, 30-, 300-, 500-, and 1000-m spatial resolution have been identified at national and global scales. To complement and extend this body of research, the recent (since 2013) LULC products are validated using 185 ground truth points collected in the Bale Mountains National Park between 1500 and 4385 m a.s.l. The results indicate a rather poor overall accuracy (<50%). (C) The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. C1 [Hailu, Binyam Tesfaw; Fekadu, Mekbib; Nauss, Thomas] Philipps Univ Marburg, Dept Geog, Marburg, Germany. [Hailu, Binyam Tesfaw] Addis Ababa Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Fekadu, Mekbib] Addis Ababa Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Hailu, BT (corresponding author), Philipps Univ Marburg, Dept Geog, Marburg, Germany.; Hailu, BT (corresponding author), Addis Ababa Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM binyam.hailu@geo.uni-marburg.de RI Nauss, Thomas/H-7270-2013; Tesfaw, Binyam/P-4293-2019; Hailu, Binyam Tesfaw/P-6891-2019 OI Nauss, Thomas/0000-0003-3422-0960; FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Award [NA 783/12-1, AOBJ 628803] FX This work was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Award no. NA 783/12-1, AOBJ 628803 through a project entitled "The mountain exile hypothesis: how humans benefited from and re-shaped African high-altitude ecosystems during Quaternary climatic changes" within the framework of the Research Unit 2358. The authors acknowledge ESA CCI Land Cover project for making CCILCA available. Dr. Binyam Tesfaw Hailu is currently a Georg Forster post-doctoral Fellow with the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. 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Appl. Remote Sens. PD DEC 21 PY 2018 VL 12 IS 4 AR 041502 DI 10.1117/1.JRS.12.041502 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA HF5QM UT WOS:000454288000001 OA hybrid DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Watson, C Mourato, S Milner-Gulland, EJ AF Watson, Charlene Mourato, Susana Milner-Gulland, E. J. TI Uncertain Emission Reductions from Forest Conservation: REDD in the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE deforestation; emission reductions accounting; Ethiopia; forest carbon stocks; REDD; uncertainty ID TROPICAL FORESTS; CARBON EMISSIONS; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; SECONDARY FORESTS; NATIONAL FOREST; TREE ALLOMETRY; COVER CHANGE; DEFORESTATION; BENEFITS; BALANCE AB The environmental integrity of a mechanism rewarding Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) depends on appropriate accounting for emission reductions. Largely stemming from a lack of forest data in developing countries, emission reductions accounting contains substantial uncertainty as a result of forest carbon stock estimates, where the application of biome-averaged data over large forest areas is commonplace. Using a case study in the Bale Mountains in Ethiopia, we exemplify the implications of primary and secondary forest carbon stock estimates on predicted REDD project emission reductions and revenues. Primary data estimate area-weighted mean forest carbon stock of 195 tC/ha +/- 81, and biome-averaged data reported by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change underestimate forest carbon stock in the Bale Mountains by as much as 63% in moist forest and 58% in dry forest. Combining forest carbon stock estimates and uncertainty in voluntary carbon market prices demonstrates the financial impact of uncertainty: potential revenues over the 20-year project ranged between US$9 million and US$185 million. Estimated revenues will influence decisions to implement a project or not and may have profound implications for the level of benefit sharing that can be supported. 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Awas, Tesfaye Demissew, Sebsebe Bendiksby, Mika TI Speciation in the genera Anthericum and Chlorophytum (Asparagaceae) in Ethiopia-a molecular phylogenetic approach SO PHYTOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Anthericaceae; endemism; Horn of Africa; sister group relations; taxonomy ID INFERENCE; SYNOPSIS; ENDEMISM; MRBAYES; AFRICA AB Sister group relations of Ethiopian species of Anthericum and Chlorophytum and variation patterns in the C. gallabatense and C. comosum complexes were studied using molecular phylogenetic analyses, morphometrics, and scanning electron microscopy of seed surfaces. Results indicate that molecular data largely support previous morphological conclusions, and that speciation has occurred in Ethiopia at least three times in Anthericum and repeatedly within different subclades of Chlorophytum. Areas particularly rich in endemic species are the lowland area around Bale Mountains in SE Ethiopia and in the Beninshangul Gumuz regional state in W Ethiopia near the border to Sudan. A new species, Chlorophytum mamillatum Elden & Nordal, is described, and the names C. tordense and C. tetraphyllum are re-instated. C1 [Bjora, Charlotte S.; Bendiksby, Mika] Univ Oslo, Nat Hist Museum, POB 1172 Blindern, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway. [Elden, Marte; Nordal, Inger] Univ Oslo, Dept Biosci, POB 1066 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Brysting, Anne K.] Univ Oslo, Dept Biosci, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, POB 1066 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Awas, Tesfaye] Inst Biodivers Conservat, POB 30726, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Demissew, Sebsebe] Univ Addis Ababa, Coll Nat Sci, Nat Herbarium, POB 3434, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Bendiksby, Mika] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, NTNU Univ Museum, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. RP Bjora, CS (corresponding author), Univ Oslo, Nat Hist Museum, POB 1172 Blindern, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway. 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However, the past extent of Erica is not well known and climate versus anthropogenic influence on altitudinal shifts are difficult to assign unambiguously, especially during the Holocene. The main objective of the present study is to chemotaxonomically characterize the dominant plant species occurring in the Bale Mountains using lignin phenols and n-alkane biomarkers and to examine the potential of those biomarkers for reconstructing vegetation history. Fresh plant material, organic layer and mineral topsoil samples were collected along a northeastern and a southwestern altitudinal transect (4134-3870 and 4377-2550 m a.s.l., respectively). Lignin-derived vanillyl, syringyl and cinnamyl phenols were analyzed using the cupric oxide oxidation method. Leaf-wax-derived n-alkanes were extracted and purified using Soxhlet and aminopropyl columns. Individual lignin phenols and n-alkanes were separated by gas-chromatography and detected by mass spectrometry and flame ionization detection, respectively. We found that the relative contributions of vanillyl, syringyl and cinnamyl phenols allow us to chemotaxonomically distinguish contemporary plant species of the Bale Mountains. Erica in particular is characterized by relatively high cinnamyl contributions of > 40 %. However, litter degradation strongly decreases the lignin phenol concentrations and completely changes the lignin phenol patterns. Relative cinnamyl contributions in soils under Erica were < 40 %, while soils that developed under Poaceae (Festuca abyssinica) exhibited relative cinnamyl contributions of > 40 %. Similarly, long-chain n-alkanes extracted from the leaf waxes allowed for differentiation between Erica versus Festuca abyssinica and Alchemilla, based on lower C-31 / C-29 ratios in Erica. However, this characteristic plant pattern was also lost due to degradation in the respective O layers and A(h) horizons. In conclusion, although in modern-day plant samples a chemotaxonomic differentiation is possible, soil degradation processes seem to render the proxies unusable for the reconstruction of the past extent of Erica on the Sanetti Plateau, Bale Mountains, Ethiopia. This finding is of high relevance beyond our case study. C1 [Lemma, Bruk; Mekonnen, Betelhem; Glaser, Bruno; Bittner, Lucas; Zech, Michael] Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Agron & Nutr Sci, Soil Biogeochem, Von Seckendorff Pl 3, D-06120 Halle, Germany. [Lemma, Bruk] Ethiopian Biodivers Inst, Forest & Rangeland Biodivers Directorate, POB 30726, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Mekonnen, Betelhem] Misrak Polytech Coll, Dept Urban Agr, POB 785, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Zech, Wolfgang] Univ Bayreuth, Inst Soil Sci & Soil Geog, Univ Str 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. [Nemomissa, Sileshi; Bekele, Tamrat] Addis Ababa Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Biodivers Management, POB 3434, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Zech, Michael] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Geog, Helmholtzstr 10, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. RP Lemma, B (corresponding author), Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Agron & Nutr Sci, Soil Biogeochem, Von Seckendorff Pl 3, D-06120 Halle, Germany.; Lemma, B (corresponding author), Ethiopian Biodivers Inst, Forest & Rangeland Biodivers Directorate, POB 30726, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM bruklemma@gmail.com RI Glaser, Bruno/ABC-1676-2021 OI Glaser, Bruno/0000-0002-3057-3868; Lemma, Bruk/0000-0002-9943-2158; Bittner, Lucas/0000-0003-2521-5596 FU DFG within Research Unit "The Mountain Exile Hypothesis"German Research Foundation (DFG) [GL 327/18-1, ZE 844/10-1, ZE 154/70-1] FX This research has been supported by the DFG within Research Unit "The Mountain Exile Hypothesis" (grant nos. GL 327/18-1, ZE 844/10-1 and ZE 154/70-1). 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Sci. J. PD SEP 4 PY 2019 VL 68 IS 2 BP 189 EP 200 DI 10.5194/egqsj-68-189-2019 PG 12 WC Geology SC Geology GA IV3BK UT WOS:000484150100002 OA gold DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Marino, J AF Marino, J TI Threatened Ethiopian wolves persist in small isolated Afroalpine enclaves SO ORYX LA English DT Article DE Afroalpine highlands; Bale Mountains; Canis simensis; Ethiopia; wolf ID WOLF CANIS-SIMENSIS; RABIES AB The Ethiopian wolf Canis simensis is endemic to the Afroalpine highlands of Ethiopia. Half of the world population, estimated at c. 500 individuals, lives in the Bale Mountains of southern Ethiopia. Little is known, however, about the presence of wolves and suitable habitat in other Afroalpine ranges. Assessing the distribution, abundance and threats to all extant populations is a conservation priority for this Critically Endangered canid. With these objectives in mind, surveys were conducted between 1997 and 2000 in the little known regions of Arsi, Wollo, Gondar and Shoa. Suitable habitat and resident wolves were found in all regions. Outside Bale the existence of six other isolated populations, including two previously undescribed, was confirmed. All were small, estimated at no more than 50 individuals, and some with <25 individuals. Two population extinctions were documented, and habitat loss to agriculture largely explained local extinctions in small habitat patches. While Bale remains crucial for the long-term persistence of this species, the finding of several small and threatened populations highlights the need for in situ conservation actions to be expanded to other regions of the Ethiopian highlands. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. RP Marino, J (corresponding author), Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. CR ASH N, 2000, UNPUB REPORT WORK ET ASHENAFI ZT, 2001, THESIS U KENT CANTER GOTTELLI D, 1994, MOL ECOL, V3, P301, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.1994.tb00070.x GOTTELLI D, 1990, UNPUB SIMIEN JACKAL Gottelli Dada, 1992, Oryx, V26, P205 Haydon DT, 2002, CONSERV BIOL, V16, P1372, DOI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.00559.x IUCN, 2002, 2002 IUCN RED LIST T LAURENSON MK, 1997, ETHIOPIAN WOLF STATU, P32 Malcolm J.R., 1997, P12 MARINO J, 1999, UNPUB DISTRIBUTION E MIEHE G, 1993, OPERA BOT, V121, P85 Morrison M. L., 1998, WILDLIFE HABITAT REL Sillero-Zubiri C., 1997, ETHIOPIAN WOLF STATU SILLEROZUBIRI C, 1995, J ZOOL, V237, P65 SILLEROZUBIRI C, 1995, BIOL CONSERV, V72, P77, DOI 10.1016/0006-3207(94)00067-Z SilleroZubiri C, 1995, AFR J ECOL, V33, P301, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2028.1995.tb01041.x SilleroZubiri C, 1996, J WILDLIFE DIS, V32, P80, DOI 10.7589/0090-3558-32.1.80 SILLEROZUBIRI C, 2000, ENDANGERED ANIMALS R, P95 SILLEROZUBIRI C, 2000, UNPUB ETH WOLF CONS Soule M. E., 1987, VIABLE POPULATIONS C *STAT AUTH, 1998, UNPUB STAT ABSTR ETH YALDEN D, 1980, MONITORE ZOOLOGICO S, P169 YALDEN DW, 1992, MAMMAL REV, V22, P115, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2907.1992.tb00128.x NR 23 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 34 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0030-6053 J9 ORYX JI Oryx PD JAN PY 2003 VL 37 IS 1 BP 62 EP 71 DI 10.1017/S0030605303000139 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 672ZT UT WOS:000182554500020 OA Bronze DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Mamo, Y Asefa, A Mengesha, G AF Mamo, Yosef Asefa, Addisu Mengesha, Girma TI Effects of livestock grazing on an Afromontane grassland bird community in the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pielou's evenness; rarefaction curves; Shannon diversity; taxonomic distinctness; taxonomic diversity ID TAXONOMIC DISTINCTNESS; NATIONAL-PARK; BIODIVERSITY; CATTLE; IMPACT; AUSTRALIA AB Livestock grazing has been considered to be one of the major causes for biodiversity degradation worldwide. In this study, we examined this effect on Afromontane grassland birds by comparing their diversity between ungrazed and grazed grassland sites in the northern Bale Mountains, Ethiopia. We counted birds and recorded vegetation height and cover along 28 (14 in each land-use type) 1 km transects. We used six different diversity measures (richness, evenness, Shannon diversity, taxonomic diversity and taxonomic distinctness) to express bird diversity and explored which of these measures better reveal the diversity pattern. Vegetation structure differed significantly between the two sites; the first two principal components accounted for 78% of the variation. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) showed bird diversity to differ significantly between the two sites; taxonomic diversity (Delta) contributed the most to the difference between the two sites, while species richness contributed the least. The results of ANOVA indicated that all diversity measures, except species richness, were significantly higher in the protected site compared to the unprotected site. In general, this study showed that grazing had negatively affected bird diversity in the study area and the use of taxonomic diversity measures had enabled us to reveal the impact better. C1 [Mamo, Yosef] Hawassa Univ, Dept Biol, POB 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia. [Asefa, Addisu] Ethiopian Wildlife Conservat Author, POB 386, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Mengesha, Girma] Wondo Genet Forestry & Nat Resources, POB 128, Shashemene, Ethiopia. RP Mengesha, G (corresponding author), Wondo Genet Forestry & Nat Resources, POB 128, Shashemene, Ethiopia. EM gutgirma@gmail.com OI Asefa, Addisu/0000-0002-6042-9592 FU Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources; Hawassa University, Ethiopia FX We thank Daniel Tilaye and Girma Bekele for their assistance during the held work. 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PD SEP PY 2016 VL 54 IS 3 BP 328 EP 335 DI 10.1111/aje.12295 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EC5NF UT WOS:000388181700008 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Clouet, M Barrau, C Goar, JL AF Clouet, M Barrau, C Goar, JL TI The Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) in the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Golden Eagle; Aquila chrysaetos; Verreaux's Eagle; afro-alpine habitats; Ethiopia; prey abundance; interspecific competition; productivity ID BREEDING SUCCESS; FOOD; PREY; SCOTLAND; DENSITY AB We studied Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in the afro-alpine area (elevation 3500-4000 m) of the Bale Mountains in Ethiopia. We monitored seven territories from 1-5 successive years for a total of 26 territory-years. Home ranges varied from only 1.5-9 km(2), the smallest size recorded for the species. This was probably due to the abundance of prey, mainly hares and grass rats, that made up 50% and 30% of prey, respectively. Despite this, productivity of these Golden Eagles was quite low averaging only 0.28 young per occupied territory (N = 25). This was due to a large number of unmated territorial adults and poor bleeding performance by pairs (0.4 young per pair per year, N = 17). The high density and frequent interspecific interactions with Verreaux's Eagles (Aquila verreauxii) were key factors affecting the dynamics of this Golden Eagle population. The unusual coexistence of these two closely related species was a novel component of the rich predator guild in the area that included five other wintering or resident eagle species. This richness was related to the high density of rodents and lagomorphs, a characteristic of the Ethiopian afro-alpine ecosystem. RP Clouet, M (corresponding author), 16 Ave Charmettes, F-31500 Toulouse, France. 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Raptor Res. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 33 IS 2 BP 102 EP 109 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 210BB UT WOS:000081084300004 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Yirdaw, E Starr, M Negash, M Yimer, F AF Yirdaw, Eshetu Starr, Mike Negash, Mesele Yimer, Fantaw TI Influence of topographic aspect on floristic diversity, structure and treeline of afromontane cloud forests in the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Afromontane; Aspect; Cloud forests; Ethiopia; Floristic diversity ID HARENNA FOREST; MONTANE FOREST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SLOPE ASPECT; VEGETATION; REGENERATION; DECOMPOSITION; ESCARPMENT; POSITIONS; DYNAMICS AB We studied the influence of east and west aspects on floristic composition, diversity, structure and treeline of afromontane cloud forests at Rira in the Bale Mountains, southeast Ethiopia. In addition, we studied how aspect relates to and/or interacts with other topographic and edaphic factors in influencing vegetation diversity. Stratified systematic plot sampling was used to survey the floristic composition, diversity and structure of forests on east- and west-facing slopes. The sample plot size was 20 x 20 m and a total of 36 plots were inventoried. A total of 72 composite soil samples were collected and analysed. Woody species richness of the forest on the east-facing slope was 1.7 times higher than on the west-facing slope. Shannon, Simpson and Log-series alpha diversity indices and evenness of forests on the east-facing slope were significantly higher than on the west-facing slope. NMDS ordination indicated that the east- and west-facing slopes formed two clusters of species and aspect explained 55.2 % and 10.4 % of the variation in species richness and abundance, respectively. There was no significant difference between aspects in stand structure except in dominant height, which was higher on the east-facing slopes. There was significant interaction between aspect and elevation in influencing woody species diversity. The four plant community groups, which were identified using cluster and indicator species analysis were represented differently on the east and west aspects. The treeline on the east-facing slope (3352 m) was located about 110 m higher than on the west-facing slope (3240 m). Soil moisture deficiency was unlikely to be a limiting factor on either site. Near the equator, east-west aspect was shown to have considerable impact on floristic composition, diversity, structure, and treeline position of montane forests. Diurnal cloud movement patterns and its impact on microclimate of slope aspect should be taken into account in future studies of cloud forest diversity, structure, and treeline position. C1 [Yirdaw, Eshetu; Starr, Mike] Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Sci, Helsinki 00014, Finland. [Negash, Mesele; Yimer, Fantaw] Hawassa Univ, Wondo Genet Coll Forestry & Nat Resources, Shashemene, Ethiopia. RP Yirdaw, E (corresponding author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Sci, POB 27, Helsinki 00014, Finland. EM eshetu.yirdaw@helsinki.fi OI Starr, Michael/0000-0001-6678-4854 FU Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki FX The authors are very grateful for the logistical support offered by the Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources during the field work. The financial support of the Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki is thankfully acknowledged. 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For. Res. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 26 IS 4 BP 919 EP 931 DI 10.1007/s11676-015-0155-4 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA CU1BW UT WOS:000363255100014 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Evangelista, PH Norman, J Swartzinki, P Young, NE AF Evangelista, Paul H. Norman, John, III Swartzinki, Paul Young, Nicholas E. TI Assessing habitat quality of the mountain nyala Tragelaphus buxtoni in the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia SO CURRENT ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Expert knowledge; FunConn model; Habitat mapping; Land cover; Mountain nyala; Wildlife conservation ID NATIONAL-PARK; LAND-USE; WILDLIFE; GIS; BIODIVERSITY; FRAGMENTATION; VEGETATION; TREE AB Populations of the endangered mountain nyala Tragelaphus buxtoni are significantly threatened by the loss of critical habitat. Population estimates are tentative, and information on the species' distribution and available habitat is required for formulating immediate management and conservation strategies. To support management decisions and conservation priorities, we integrated information from a number of small-scale observational studies, interviews and reports from multiple sources to define habitat parameters and create a habitat quality model for mountain nyala in the Bale Mountains. For our analysis, we used the FunConn model, an expertise-based model that considers spatial relationships (i.e., patch size, distance) between the species and vegetation type, topography and disturbance to create a habitat quality surface. The habitat quality model showed that approximately 18,610 km(2) (82.7% of our study area) is unsuitable or poor habitat for the mountain nyala, while 2,857 km(2) (12.7%) and 1,026 km(2) (4.6%) was ranked as good or optimal habitat, respectively. Our results not only reflected human induced habitat degradation, but also revealed an extensive area of intact habitat on the remote slopes of the Bale Mountain's southern and southeastern escarpments. This study provides an example of the roles that expert knowledge can still play in modern geospatial modeling of wildlife habitat. New geospatial tools, such as the FunConn model, are readily available to wildlife managers and allow them to perform spatial analyses with minimal software, data and training requirements. This approach may be especially useful for species that are obscure to science or when field surveys are not practical [Current Zoology 58 (4): 525-535, 2012]. C1 [Evangelista, Paul H.; Young, Nicholas E.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Norman, John, III] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Conservat Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Swartzinki, Paul] AECOM, Ft Collins, CO 80303 USA. RP Evangelista, PH (corresponding author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. 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Zool. PY 2012 VL 58 IS 4 BP 525 EP 535 DI 10.1093/czoolo/58.4.525 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 973NV UT WOS:000306367800002 OA gold, Green Published, Green Submitted DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Yineger, H Kelbessa, E Bekele, T Lulekal, E AF Yineger, Haile Kelbessa, Ensermu Bekele, Tamrat Lulekal, Ermias TI Ethnoveterinary medicinal plants at Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE medical practitioners; indigenous knowledge; remedy; ailment ID NIGELLA-SATIVA SEEDS; SOMNIFERA ROOT EXTRACT; WITHANIA-SOMNIFERA; VOLATILE OIL; VERNONIA-AMYGDALINA; ALLIUM-SATIVUM; BLACK CUMIN; MODEL; CATTLE; DRUG AB An ethnobotanical study on veterinary medicinal plants of Bale Mountains National Park and adjacent areas was conducted from July 2003 to June 2004. Semi-structured interviews and observations were used to generate ethnoveterinary data from traditional healers residing in the park and buffer zones. A total of 25 animal ailments were reported, of which blackleg, Darissaa and hepatitis were the most frequently reported ailments. Seventy four veterinary medicinal plant species that were distributed among 64 genera and 37 families were recorded. The most utilized growth forms were herbs (35 species, 47.3%) followed by shrubs (28 species, 37.84%). Roots (54 species, 41.54%) followed by leaves (47 species, 36.15%) were the most frequently used plant parts for ethnoveterinary medicine. Usually, fresh materials (53 species, 43.44%) were preferred for medicine preparations. The most frequently used route of drug administration was oral (65 species, 42.76%) followed by dermal (55 species, 36.18%). Indigenous knowledge was mostly transferred to an elect of a family member in word of mouth indicating that it was prone to fragmentation or loss. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Jimma Univ, Dept Biol, Jimma, Ethiopia. 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Ethnopharmacol. PD MAY 30 PY 2007 VL 112 IS 1 BP 55 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.jep.2007.02.001 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 177CL UT WOS:000247131100009 PM 17368989 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Tesfaye, Y Roos, A Campbell, BJ Bohlin, F AF Tesfaye, Yemiru Roos, Anders Campbell, Bruce J. Bohlin, Folke TI Factors Associated with the Performance of User Groups in a Participatory Forest Management around Dodola Forest in the Bale Mountains, Southern Ethiopia SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES LA English DT Article ID COLLECTIVE ACTION; GROUP-SIZE; COMMUNITY FORESTRY; HETEROGENEITY; INSTITUTIONS; GOVERNANCE; POLITICS; SUCCESS; COMMONS AB This study analysed and determined factors associated with performance in collective action of a forest under participatory forest management in Southern Ethiopia. Data were collected in 22 user groups and a performance index was computed using indicators including forest cover change, households' perception of the change and satisfaction in their livelihoods, management activity, and length of overdue rent payment. The results show that heterogeneity, level of forest dependence and geographical variables such as altitude and distance to town are important variables that may affect the performance of user groups. The findings indicate the importance of taking into account the needs of members of user groups, differences among local people in dependence on forest income, and differences in values attached to the forest in the design of participatory forest management. C1 [Tesfaye, Yemiru; Roos, Anders; Bohlin, Folke] SLU, Dept Forest Prod, Uppsala, Sweden. [Campbell, Bruce J.] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Life Sci, CCAFS, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. 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Dev. Stud. PY 2012 VL 48 IS 11 BP 1665 EP 1682 DI 10.1080/00220388.2012.714123 PG 18 WC Development Studies; Economics SC Development Studies; Business & Economics GA 076GD UT WOS:000313943600007 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Ochyra, R Bednarek-Ochyra, H AF Ochyra, R Bednarek-Ochyra, H TI Pleurozium schreberi (Musci, Hylocomiaceae) recorded for tropical Africa and a review of its world distribution SO CRYPTOGAMIE BRYOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Bryophyta; Musci; Pleurozium; bryogeography; global distribution; East Africa; Ethiopia; North America; Cuspidaria morenoi AB The occurrence of the common Holarctic moss species Pleurozium schreberi (Brid.) Mitt. in tropical Africa is confirmed. The species was recorded twice in the Bale Mountains in central Ethiopia by Sabine and Georg Miehe in the upper montane Philippia-Hagenia forest at an elevation of 3 300-3 500 m.Me global range of the species is discussed, with special reference to North America, and mapped. Cuspidaria morenoi Mull. Hal. from western Patagonia is briefly assessed and it is suggested that this species should be considered conspecific with Acrocladium auriculatum (Mont.) Mitt., not with Pleurozium schreberi (Brid.) Mitt. C1 Polish Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Lab Bryol, PL-31512 Krakow, Poland. RP Ochyra, R (corresponding author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Lab Bryol, Ul Lubicz 46, PL-31512 Krakow, Poland. 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Bryol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2002 VL 23 IS 4 BP 355 EP 360 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 686KC UT WOS:000183320100004 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU van Kesteren, F Piggott, KJ Bengui, T Kubri, SB Mastin, A Sillero-Zubiri, C Paris, M Millar, RP Macdonald, DW Shiferaw, F Craig, PS AF van Kesteren, F. Piggott, K. J. Bengui, T. Kubri, S. B. Mastin, A. Sillero-Zubiri, C. Paris, M. Millar, R. P. Macdonald, D. W. Shiferaw, F. Craig, P. S. TI Helminth parasites in the endangered Ethiopian wolf, Canis simensis SO JOURNAL OF HELMINTHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARIA-HEPATICA INFECTION; ECHINOCOCCUS-GRANULOSUS; INTESTINAL HELMINTHS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; TAENIA-HYDATIGENA; TOXOCARA-CANIS; BALE-MOUNTAINS; WOLVES; DOGS; RABIES AB Ethiopian wolves, Canis simensis, are an endangered carnivore endemic to the Ethiopian highlands. Although previous studies have focused on aspects of Ethiopian wolf biology, including diet, territoriality, reproduction and infectious diseases such as rabies, little is known of their helminth parasites. In the current study, faecal samples were collected from 94 wild Ethiopian wolves in the Bale Mountains of southern Ethiopia, between August 2008 and February 2010, and were screened for the presence of helminth eggs using a semi-quantitative volumetric dilution method with microscopy. We found that 66 of the 94 faecal samples (70.2%) contained eggs from at least one group of helminths, including Capillaria, Toxocara, Trichuris, ancylostomatids, Hymenolepis and taeniids. Eggs of Capillaria sp. were found most commonly, followed by Trichuris sp., ancylostomatid species and Toxocara species. Three samples contained Hymenolepis sp. eggs, which were likely artefacts from ingested prey species. Four samples contained taeniid eggs, one of which was copro-polymerase chain reaction (copro-PCR) and sequence positive for Echinococcus granulosus, suggesting a spillover from a domestic parasite cycle into this wildlife species. Associations between presence/absence of Capillaria, Toxocara and Trichuris eggs were found; and egg burdens of Toxocara and ancylostomatids were found to be associated with geographical location and sampling season. C1 [van Kesteren, F.; Piggott, K. J.; Bengui, T.; Kubri, S. B.; Mastin, A.; Craig, P. S.] Univ Salford, Cestode Zoonoses Res Grp, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. [Sillero-Zubiri, C.; Macdonald, D. W.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit, Recanati Kaplan Ctr, Tubney OX13 5QL, Oxon, England. [Sillero-Zubiri, C.] Ethiopian Wolf Conservat Programme, Robe, Bale, Ethiopia. [Paris, M.; Millar, R. P.] Univ Pretoria, Inst Breeding Rare & Endangered African Mammals I, Mammal Res Inst, ZA-0028 Pretoria, South Africa. [Paris, M.] Univ Western Australia, Fac Nat & Agr Sci, Sch Anim Biol, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Millar, R. P.] Univ Pretoria, Mammal Res Inst, ZA-0028 Pretoria, South Africa. [Millar, R. P.] Univ Cape Town, UCT MRC Receptor Biol Unit, ZA-7925 Observatory, South Africa. [Shiferaw, F.] Ethiopian Wildlife Conservat Author, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Shiferaw, F.] King Khalid Wildlife Res Ctr, Conservat Programmes, Zool Soc London, Riyadh 11575, Saudi Arabia. RP van Kesteren, F (corresponding author), Univ Salford, Cestode Zoonoses Res Grp, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. 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PD JUL PY 2015 VL 89 IS 4 BP 487 EP 495 DI 10.1017/S0022149X14000534 PG 9 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA CO6KS UT WOS:000359266200014 PM 25007150 OA Green Submitted DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Wondirad, A Ewnetu, B AF Wondirad, Amare Ewnetu, Biruk TI Community participation in tourism development as a tool to foster sustainable land and resource use practices in a national park milieu SO LAND USE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Bale Mountains National Park; Community participation; Constraints; Dinsho; Stakeholder theory; Sustainable land and resource use; Sustainable tourism ID STAKEHOLDER THEORY; PROTECTED AREAS; ECOTOURISM; COLLABORATION; MANAGEMENT; INVOLVEMENT; POLICIES; IMPACT; MODEL; CONSERVATION AB Community participation has been on the spotlight in tourism academia as a tool to induce sustainable tourism development. However, despite profound commendations of literature, destinations often fail to adequately operationalize effective community participation. Under the lenses of stakeholder theory and Arnstein's ladder of citizen participation, the current study examines community participation in Dinsho area of Bale Mountains National Park, Southeastern Ethiopia. Arnstein's citizen participation model is employed to better understand the extent of community participation in the tourism development process, while stakeholder theory is adopted to gain a deeper insight regarding the interests of stakeholders along with the corresponding management strategies. Research findings unfold that in Dinsho, the extant community participation corresponds to nonparticipation continuum where citizens are simply deceived by pseudo and tokenistic participation which led to inequitable benefit-sharing. Based on study findings, the researchers challenge that communities' engagement in tourism development highly relies on gatekeepers' nature and communities' economic background and argue that in a venue where economically weak community and manipulative gatekeepers exist, ensuring community participation is more challenging. That, in turn, negatively affects the sustainable land and resource use practices leading to irreversible devastation on ecologically sensitive habitats such as the Bale Mountains National Park. C1 [Wondirad, Amare] Woosong Univ, Sol Int Sch Hospitality Management SIHOM, Sol Int Sch, 171 Dongdaejeon Ro, Daejeon 34606, South Korea. [Ewnetu, Biruk] Hawassa Univ, Dept Hotel & Tourism Management, POB 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia. RP Wondirad, A (corresponding author), Woosong Univ, Sol Int Sch Hospitality Management SIHOM, Sol Int Sch, 171 Dongdaejeon Ro, Daejeon 34606, South Korea. 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Rabies virus was detected in all five samples, and this confirmed that a further outbreak of rabies had occurred within the wolf population in the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia. Sequence comparison of a partial fragment of the nucleoprotein-coding gene demonstrated that all viruses showed 100% sequence identity, suggesting a single introduction of rabies virus. C1 [Johnson, N.; Mansfield, K. L.; Marston, D. A.; Wilson, C.; Goddard, T.; Selden, D.; Fooks, A. R.] Vet Labs Agcy Weybridge, Rabies & Wildlife Zoonoses Grp, Weybridge KT15 3NB, Surrey, England. [Hemson, G.; van Kesteren, F.; Stewart, A. E.; Sillero-Zubiri, C.] Univ Oxford, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit, Tubney OX13 5QL, England. [Hemson, G.; Edea, L.; van Kesteren, F.; Stewart, A. E.; Sillero-Zubiri, C.] Ethiopian Wolf Conservat Programme, Basel, Switzerland. [Shiferaw, F.] Ethiopian Wildlife Conservat Author, Addis, Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Johnson, N (corresponding author), Vet Labs Agcy Weybridge, Rabies & Wildlife Zoonoses Grp, Woodham Lane, Weybridge KT15 3NB, Surrey, England. EM n.johnson2@vla.defra.gsi.gov.uk RI Marston, Denise A/D-7993-2011; Mansfield, Karen L/D-8399-2011; Johnson, Nicholas/B-4654-2011; Fooks, Anthony R/F-5418-2010 OI Marston, Denise A/0000-0001-9215-088X; Johnson, Nicholas/0000-0002-6106-9373; FU Born Free Foundation; Wildlife Conservation Network; Defra UKDepartment for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA) [SV3500] FX We would like to thank the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority and Bale Mountains National Park for permission to work in Bale, and EWCP veterinary and monitoring teams for their hard work and dedication. EWCP is chiefly funded by the Born Free Foundation and Wildlife Conservation Network. Work at the Veterinary Laboratories Agency was funded by Defra UK grant SV3500. We also acknowledge the excellent technical support of Colin Black, and Deborah Randall for commenting on an earlier version of this manuscript. 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Policy and land use change can drastically alter fire regimes, affecting livelihoods, biodiversity, and carbon storage. In Ethiopia, burning of vegetation is banned, but the burn ban is more strongly enforced inside the Bale Mountains National Park. We investigated if and how policy and land use change have affected fire regimes inside/outside the park. The park was established in 1969, and both studied areas have been part of a new REDD+ project since 2013. Our hypothesis is that burnt heath-land stands are nonflammable and act as fuel breaks, and hence that reduced ignition rates leads to larger fires. To quantify change we analyzed remote-sensed imagery from 10 fire-seasons between 1968 and 2017, quantifying sizes of resprouting Erica stands and recording their postfire age. To elucidate underlying mechanisms of change we interviewed 41 local smallholders. There was a five order of magnitude variation in patch size (< 0.01- > 1000 ha). A significant interaction was found between year and site (inside/outside park) in explaining patch size, indicating that the park establishment has affected fire size. Inside the park there was a tendency of patch size increase and outside a clear decrease. Especially the largest fires (> 100 ha) increased in numbers inside the park but not outside. Respondents confirmed that large fires have increased in frequency and attributed this mainly to lack of fuel breaks and the fact that fires today are ignited in a more uncontrolled manner later in the dry season. Outside the park respondents explained that fires have become smaller because of increased ignition and intensified grazing. Both situations degrade pasture and threaten Erica shrub survival. For flammable ecosystems, REDD+ fire-exclusion policies need updating, and in this case complemented with a community-based fire management program making use of the vivid local traditional fire knowledge. 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Soc. PD DEC PY 2019 VL 24 IS 4 AR 26 DI 10.5751/ES-11260-240426 PG 28 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KB5ZV UT WOS:000506574000032 OA gold, Green Published DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Stephens, PA d'Sa, CA Sillero-Zubiri, C Leader-Williams, N AF Stephens, PA d'Sa, CA Sillero-Zubiri, C Leader-Williams, N TI Impact of livestock and settlement on the large mammalian wildlife of Bale Mountains National Park, southern Ethiopia SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Bale Mountains; census; distance sampling; Canis simensis; Tragelaphus buxtoni ID WOLVES CANIS-SIMENSIS AB Large mammals, both wild and domestic, were censused in four study areas in Bale Mountains National Park (BMNP), southern Ethiopia, from April until August 1997, using established road counts, horse-back counts and systematic transects, a new approach to censusing large mammals in BMNP. Data collected since 1983 were also examined to indicate trends in mammalian abundance. Civil unrest following the government changeover in 1991 disrupted management of BMNP, leading to an increase in human settlement and livestock densities. The effect of these factors on BMNP's wildlife is assessed and discussed. Most large mammalian wildlife has declined since 1983 but signs of recovery for some species in recent years are positive. The fates of two charismatic endemics are emphasised. BMNP's current population of mountain nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni, an endangered antelope) was estimated to be between 1100 and 1300. This is lower than estimates for the late 1980s, but shows an increase from very low levels recorded following social turmoil during the government changeover in 1991. Data on the Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis, a critically endangered canid) also indicate positive trends in abundance, following severe declines between 1989 and 1992 due to rabies epizootics. 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H., 1996, BIOSTATISTICAL ANAL, V3 NR 25 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 100 IS 3 BP 307 EP 322 DI 10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00035-0 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 454PX UT WOS:000169981900005 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Atickem, A Bekele, A Williams, SD AF Atickem, A. Bekele, A. Williams, S. D. TI Competition between domestic dogs and Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis) in the Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bale Mountains; Competition; diet; dogs; Ethiopian wolf ID CONSERVATION; ECOLOGY; WOLVES AB The potential effects of the domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) on the Endangered Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis) through exploitative and interference competition were studied in the Web Valley of Bale Mountains national park between November 2001 and February 2003. All dogs were owned in the study area and no feral dogs were reported or observed during the research period. The diet of domestic dogs was dominated by barley husks and human faeces which contributed 45% and 20.7% of the total 382 meals observed during focal watch observations. Analysis of dog faeces provided similar results with barley husks, human faeces and animal carcasses occurring in 86.8%, 21.4% and 19.4% of the 1200 faecal samples analysed. Both focal watch and faecal analyses revealed that rodents contributed only a very small proportion of the diet of dogs accounting for only 4.2% of the focal watch and 2.8% of the faecal analysis of roaming dogs. As Ethiopian wolves fed almost exclusively on rodent year round, no significant exploitative competition between dogs and wolves were assessed. Only small proportion of the domestic dogs roamed in the Ethiopian wolf range and interference competition did not appear to be a serious threat for the Ethiopian wolf. C1 [Atickem, A.; Williams, S. D.] Ethiopian Wolf Conservat Programme, Robe, Ethiopia. [Atickem, A.; Bekele, A.] Univ Addis Ababa, Dept Biol, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Atickem, A (corresponding author), Ethiopian Wolf Conservat Programme, POB 215, Robe, Ethiopia. EM anagawa@yahoo.com FU Ethiopian Wolf Conservation Program; Born Free Foundation FX This research was funded by the Ethiopian Wolf Conservation Program which receives core support from the Born Free Foundation. We acknowledge Ebrahim Abducke and all members of Ethiopian Wolf Conservation Program. We also thank the Biology Department of Addis Ababa University and Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority. 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J. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 48 IS 2 BP 401 EP 407 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2028.2009.01126.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 591RG UT WOS:000277320000013 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Lemma, B Grehl, C Zech, M Mekonnen, B Zech, W Nemomissa, S Bekele, T Glaser, B AF Lemma, Bruk Grehl, Claudius Zech, Michael Mekonnen, Betelhem Zech, Wolfgang Nemomissa, Sileshi Bekele, Tamrat Glaser, Bruno TI Phenolic Compounds as Unambiguous Chemical Markers for the Identification of Keystone Plant Species in the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia SO PLANTS-BASEL LA English DT Article DE paleoclimate; pollen; paleovegetation; oxidation; phenols; Erica; biomarkers; machine learning ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; LIGNIN; ANTIOXIDANT; VEGETATION; HOLOCENE; FOREST; LEAVES; POLLEN; RECONSTRUCTION; CHROMATOGRAPHY AB Despite the fact that the vegetation pattern and history of the Bale Mountains in Ethiopia were reconstructed using pollen, little is known about the former extent of Erica species. The main objective of the present study is to identify unambiguous chemical proxies from plant-derived phenolic compounds to characterize Erica and other keystone species. Mild alkaline CuO oxidation has been used to extract sixteen phenolic compounds. After removal of undesired impurities, individual phenols were separated by gas chromatography and were detected by mass spectrometry. While conventional phenol ratios such as syringyl vs. vanillyl and cinnamyl vs. vanillyl and hierarchical cluster analysis of phenols failed for unambiguous Erica identification, the relative abundance of coumaryl phenols (>0.20) and benzoic acids (0.05-0.12) can be used as a proxy to distinguish Erica from other plant species. Moreover, a Random Forest decision tree based on syringyl phenols, benzoic acids (>0.06), coumaryl phenols (<0.21), hydroxybenzoic acids, and vanillyl phenols (>0.3) could be established for unambiguous Erica identification. In conclusion, serious caution should be given before interpreting this calibration study in paleovegetation reconstruction in respect of degradation and underground inputs of soil organic matter. C1 [Lemma, Bruk; Grehl, Claudius; Zech, Michael; Mekonnen, Betelhem; Glaser, Bruno] Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg, Soil Biogeochem, Inst Agron & Nutr Sci, Von Seckendorff Pl 3, D-06120 Halle, Germany. [Lemma, Bruk] Forest & Rangeland Biodivers Directorate, Ethiopian Biodivers Inst, POB 30726, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Grehl, Claudius] Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Comp Sci, Bioinformat, Von Seckendorff Pl 1, D-06120 Halle, Saale, Germany. [Zech, Michael] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Geog, Helmholtzstr 10, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. [Mekonnen, Betelhem] Misrak Polytech Coll, Dept Urban Agr, POB 785, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Zech, Wolfgang] Univ Bayreuth, Inst Soil Sci & Soil Geog, Univ Str 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. [Nemomissa, Sileshi; Bekele, Tamrat] Addis Ababa Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Biodivers Management, POB 3434, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Lemma, B (corresponding author), Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg, Soil Biogeochem, Inst Agron & Nutr Sci, Von Seckendorff Pl 3, D-06120 Halle, Germany.; Lemma, B (corresponding author), Forest & Rangeland Biodivers Directorate, Ethiopian Biodivers Inst, POB 30726, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM bruklemma@gmail.com RI Glaser, Bruno/ABC-1676-2021; Zech, Michael/F-8026-2018 OI Glaser, Bruno/0000-0002-3057-3868; Zech, Michael/0000-0002-9586-0390; Lemma, Bruk/0000-0002-9943-2158 FU German Research Foundation within the DFG Research Unit 'The Mountain Exile Hypothesis' [DFG GL327/18-1, ZE844/10-1]; Catholic Academic Exchange Services (KAAD, Germany); German Research Foundation (DFG)German Research Foundation (DFG) FX This research work was funded by the German Research Foundation within the DFG Research Unit 'The Mountain Exile Hypothesis' (DFG GL327/18-1, ZE844/10-1). Bruk Lemma expresses his gratitude to the Catholic Academic Exchange Services (KAAD, Germany) for a PhD fellowship. We acknowledge the financial support within the funding programme Open Access Publishing by the German Research Foundation (DFG). 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new species; Ethiopia; montane forest AB A new species, Chamaeleo harennae, is described from forested sites in the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia. In the form and relative prominence of crests on the posterior region of the head, it closely resembles C. affinis Ruppell 1845, but differs most conspicuously from this species in the possession of an exceptionally well developed gular crest, similar to that found in C. hoehnelii Steindachner 1891 and C. rudis Boulenger 1906. RP Largen, MJ (corresponding author), LIVERPOOL MUSEUM,WILLIAM BROWN ST,LIVERPOOL L3 8EN,MERSEYSIDE,ENGLAND. CR Broadley Donald G., 1991, Syntarsus, V1, P1 de WITTE GASTON-FRANCOIS, 1965, ANN MUS ROY AFR CENTER SER 8[DEGREE] SCI ZOOL, V142, P1 LARGEN M J, 1989, Tropical Zoology, V2, P13 RAND A. S., 1963, BULL MUS COMP ZOOL [HARVARD UNIV], V130, P1 WELCH K.R.G, 1982, HERPETOLOGY AFRICA C NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTRO STUDIO FAUNISTICA ECOLOGIA TROPICALI, C N R PI FLORENCE PA VIA ROMANA 17, 50125 FLORENCE, ITALY SN 0394-6975 J9 TROP ZOOL JI Trop. Zool. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 8 IS 2 BP 333 EP 339 DI 10.1080/03946975.1995.10539290 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TU335 UT WOS:A1995TU33500009 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU SILLEROZUBIRI, C TATTERSALL, FH MACDONALD, DW AF SILLEROZUBIRI, C TATTERSALL, FH MACDONALD, DW TI HABITAT SELECTION AND DAILY ACTIVITY OF GIANT MOLERATS TACHYORYCTES-MACROCEPHALUS - SIGNIFICANCE TO THE ETHIOPIAN WOLF CANIS-SIMENSIS IN THE AFROALPINE ECOSYSTEM SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE GIANT MOLERAT; PREDATION; THERMOREGULATION; ETHIOPIAN WOLF; AFROALPINE ZONE; ETHIOPIA ID MARMOTS MARMOTA-MARMOTA; MAMMALS AB The giant molerat Tachyoryctes macrocephalus is a high-altitude specialist endemic to the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia, and an important prey species for the endangered Ethiopian wolf Canis simensis. We assessed molerat prevalence, habitat preferences and availability to wolves, using direct observation and transect sampling for field signs. Mean densities of molerats ranged from 17/ha to 40/ha, and they were most prevalent in Afroalpine grasslands, particularly along swamp shores in the Web Valley. Wolf densities were greatest in habitats with highest molerat populations. Molerats spent just under an hour a day above ground, and their peak activity periods correlated positively with wolf foraging activity. Molerat distribution may be restricted by thermoregulatory and burrowing requirements: field signs were most abundant where soil depth was greater than 50 cm. Conservation measures aimed at the Ethiopian wolf in the Bale Mountains should take account of the role of the giant molerat. RP SILLEROZUBIRI, C (corresponding author), DEPT ZOOL,WILDLIFE CONSEVAT RES UNIT,S PARKS RD,OXFORD OX1 3PS,ENGLAND. 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PY 1995 VL 72 IS 1 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1016/0006-3207(94)00067-Z PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QL531 UT WOS:A1995QL53100010 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Dullo, BW Grootjans, AP Roelofs, JGM Senbeta, AF Fritz, C Lamers, LPM AF Dullo, B. W. Grootjans, A. P. Roelofs, J. G. M. Senbeta, A. F. Fritz, C. Lamers, L. P. M. TI Radial oxygen loss by the cushion plant Eriocaulon schimperi prevents methane emissions from an East-African mountain mire SO PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bale Mountain National Park; carbon dioxide; Ethiopia; fen; peat; rhizosphere ID ALPINE VEGETATION; WETLANDS; TEMPERATURE; GRADIENTS; PEAT AB Groundwater-fed fens are known sources of methane (CH4) emissions to the atmosphere, and these are known to be mediated by the vegetation. In a fen located in the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia, we assessed the effects of a cushion plant (Eriocaulon schimperi) and a sedge (Carex monostachya) on rhizosphere biogeochemistry. Methane and CO2 concentrations and pH were measured in pore-water at different depths in the profile. Redox potentials and NaCl-extractable element concentrations were analysed in soil samples from sites dominated by either E. schimperii or C. monostachya. Nutrient and element concentration were analysed in plant tissues. At Carex-dominated sites, CH4 concentrations increased from 70 mu mol.l(-1) at a depth of 10 cm to 130 mu mol.l(-1) at a depth of 100 cm. CH4 concentrations at Eriocaulon-dominated sites were almost zero (< 1 mu mol.l(-1)) to a depth of 100 cm. Simultaneously, soil redox potentials and CO2 concentrations were higher at Eriocaulon-dominated sites, indicating a low potential for CH4 production and a high potential for CH4 oxidation. Eriocaulon schimperi displayed a root investment strategy to cope with the harsh environment, similar to the cushion plant Astelia pumila in Patagonian bogs. This strategy is characterised by high root/shoot ratios, high root porosity and density under high redox conditions. Both cushion plant species create an aerobic rhizosphere through radial oxygen loss from deep roots, which strongly reduce CH4 fluxes to the atmosphere. C1 [Dullo, B. W.; Grootjans, A. P.; Roelofs, J. G. M.; Fritz, C.; Lamers, L. P. M.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Aquat Ecol & Environm Biol, Inst Water & Wetland Res, Heijendaalse Weg 135, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Dullo, B. W.; Grootjans, A. P.; Fritz, C.] Univ Groningen, Ctr Energy & Environm Sci, Energy & Sustainabil Res Inst Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands. [Dullo, B. W.] Addis Ababa Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Biodivers Management, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Senbeta, A. F.] Hawassa Univ, Dept Biol, Hawassa, Ethiopia. RP Grootjans, AP (corresponding author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Aquat Ecol & Environm Biol, Inst Water & Wetland Res, Heijendaalse Weg 135, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM a.p.grootjans@rug.nl RI Roelofs, Jan GM/C-1243-2011; Grootjans/I-1638-2012; Lamers, Leon P.M./A-8718-2012 OI Lamers, Leon P.M./0000-0003-3769-2154; Fritz, Christian/0000-0003-2687-9749; Dullo, Bikila Warkineh/0000-0002-8488-4020 FU NAM (Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij); ERA Foundation in the NetherlandsNetherlands Government; NORHED FX This study was financed by NAM (Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij) and the ERA Foundation in the Netherlands. The Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology of Radboud University, Nijmegen, provided laboratory facilities, technical assistance and accommodation. We also acknowledge the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority for permission to conduct this field study in Bale Mountains National Park. We also thank the management of the National Park for providing assistance and allowing us to collect samples. Finally, the first author wish to acknowledge the CAPSNAC project, financed by the NORHED, for support provided to continue work on this project. 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PD SEP PY 2017 VL 19 IS 5 BP 736 EP 741 DI 10.1111/plb.12586 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FC7MC UT WOS:000407024500008 PM 28581674 OA Green Published DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Hailemariam, SN Soromessa, T Teketay, D AF Hailemariam, Sisay Nune Soromessa, Teshome Teketay, Demel TI Land Use and Land Cover Change in the Bale Mountain Eco-Region of Ethiopia during 1985 to 2015 SO LAND LA English DT Article DE land use and land cover change; forest; farmland; correlation; remote sensing; GIS ID ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; VEGETATION; LANDSCAPE; DYNAMICS AB Anthropogenic factors are responsible for major land use and land cover changes (LULCC). Bale Mountain Eco-Region in Ethiopia is a biodiversity-rich ecosystem where such LULCC have occurred. The specific objectives of this study were to: (i) determine which LULC types gained or lost most as a result of the observed LULCC; (ii) identify the major drivers of the LULCC/deforestation; and (iii) assess the approximate amount of carbon stock removed as a result of deforestation during the study period. Remote sensing and GIS were used to analyze LULCC. Landsat images acquired in 1985, 1995, 2005, and 2015 were used. Additionally, data from the Central Statistics Agency on cropland expansion, and human and livestock population growth were analyzed and correlations were made. The results showed that forest lost 123,751 ha while farmland gained 292,294 ha. Farmland and urban settlement expansion were found to be major drivers of LULCC. Aboveground carbon stock removed from forest and shrubland was more than 24 million tons. In the future, allocation of land to different uses must be based on appropriate land use policies. Integrating biodiversity and ecosystem values for each land cover as per the UN Sustainable Development Goal (UN-SDG) 15.9 may be one of the mechanisms to limit unplanned expansion or invasion of one sector at the expense of another. C1 [Hailemariam, Sisay Nune; Soromessa, Teshome] Univ Addis Ababa, Coll Nat Sci, Ctr Environm Sci, POB 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Teketay, Demel] Botswana Univ Agr & Nat Resources, Dept Crop Sci & Prod, Private Bag 0027, Gaborone, Botswana. RP Hailemariam, SN (corresponding author), Univ Addis Ababa, Coll Nat Sci, Ctr Environm Sci, POB 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 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Romme, William H. Evangelista, Paul H. Mengistu, Tefera Worede, Asrat TI Variation in population structure and dynamics of montane forest tree species in Ethiopia guide priorities for conservation and research SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE Afromontane forest; Bale Mountains; East Africa; Hagenia abyssinica; size-frequency distribution; systematic review ID REGENERATION STATUS; HARENNA FOREST; DIVERSITY; GERMINATION AB The greatest extent of Afromontane environments in the world is found in Ethiopia. These areas support exceptional biodiversity, but forest cover and ecological integrity have declined sharply in recent decades. Conservation and management efforts are hampered in part by an inadequate understanding of the basic ecology of major tree species. We investigated population structure and inferred population dynamics from size frequency distributions of 22 forest tree species encountered in montane forests of Ethiopia. We collected new empirical data from four sites in the Bale Mountains, where some of the country's most extensive and least disturbed forests remain, and conducted a systematic review and analysis of all such studies that reported population structure for one or more of these species in Ethiopia. Thirteen widespread montane tree species showed a reverse-J size distribution, indicating a relatively stable population structure. Six other species had size-frequency distributions that indicate episodic recruitment and/or removal of certain size classes. Specific causes of these patterns are uncertain: they may involve timber harvesting, herbivory, fire, or natural disturbances, but patterns were inconsistent and locality dependent. For three other tree species, existing data are inadequate for any interpretation of population structure and dynamics. A species of particular conservation concern that emerged from this analysis was Hagenia abyssinica, which was found in all areas to consist only of larger individuals with no recent recruitment. For management and conservation purposes, the species in most urgent need of new research are those with inadequate or inconsistent data, and H.abyssinica. C1 [Young, Nicholas E.; Romme, William H.; Evangelista, Paul H.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, A223 NESB, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Mengistu, Tefera] Minist Environm Forest & Climate Change, POB 12760, Addis Ababa, Aratkillo, Ethiopia. [Worede, Asrat] Ethiopia Rift Valley Safaris, POB 3658, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Young, NE (corresponding author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, A223 NESB, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Nicholas.Young@Colostate.edu FU National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation (NSF) [1313728]; Murulle Foundation FX Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation (# 1313728) and The Murulle Foundation. The authors thank the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority, Wondo Genet College, Ethiopian Rift Valley Safaris, and Bale Mountains National Park for their cooperation and logistical support in the field. Dan Binkley advised us on the prism sampling methods and analysis. We thank B. Belay, R. Bussman, F. Hailu, C. Kuroiwa, M. Luizza, H. Young, C. Reeder, J. Roussos, N. Roussos, P. Swartzinski, and D. Swift for sharing their expertise on various aspects of this study. The authors are also grateful to the Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Climate Change for their collaboration, support, and expertise. 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TI Daily activity patterns in the giant root rat (Tachyoryctes macrocephalus), a fossorial rodent from the Afro-alpine zone of the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE activity patterns; Afro-alpine; fossorial rodent; giant root rat; radio-tracking; behavioural thermoregulation; Tachyoryctes macrocephalus ID POCKET GOPHERS; SEASONAL ACTIVITY; HOME-RANGE; TEMPERATURE; HABITAT; THERMOREGULATION; ENERGETICS AB Rodents adjust their activity to environmental conditions. The adjustment can be especially pronounced in climatically challenging environments. We studied activity patterns in the free-living giant root rat (Tachyoryctes macrocephalus), a large fossorial rodent endemic to the Afro-alpine ecosystem of the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia, by means of radio telemetry. We radio-tracked 17 adults during two periods of a dry season differing in temperature and food supply. In both periods, root rats spent a large part of the day (around 79%) in their underground nests. The proportion of time the animals were active aboveground decreased from 6.9 to 3.8% between the early and late dry season, which contradicts our prediction that aboveground activity would increase under lower food supply. We propose that there are thermoregulation advantages of prolonged aboveground activity during warm hours in the colder early dry season. In both periods, the root rats displayed diurnal activity with a unimodal pattern positively related to the temperature at the soil surface. Unlike in some other burrowing rodents, there was no tendency to decrease activity in the warmest part of the day even in the relatively warm late dry season. C1 [Vlasata, T.; Skliba, J.; Lovy, M.; Sumbera, R.] Univ South Bohemia, Fac Sci, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. [Skliba, J.] Biol Ctr CAS, Inst Entomol, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. [Meheretu, Y.] Univ Mekelle, Dept Biol, Coll Nat & Computat Sci, Mekelle, Ethiopia. [Sillero-Zubiri, C.] Univ Oxford, Zool Dept, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit, Oxford, England. RP Vlasata, T (corresponding author), Univ South Bohemia, Fac Sci, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. EM Tereza.Vlasata@seznam.cz RI Yonas, Meheretu/AAQ-8265-2021; Sumbera, Radim/D-9072-2016 OI Yonas, Meheretu/0000-0002-5406-1672; Sumbera, Radim/0000-0001-8658-9378; Skliba, Jan/0000-0002-0567-9302 FU GACRGrant Agency of the Czech Republic [P506/11/1512]; GAJU [156/2013/P, 04-151/2016/P]; ERCEuropean Research Council (ERC)European Commission [669609] FX We are grateful to the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority (EWCA) for permission to conduct research in Ethiopia. We thank the Bale Mountains National Park and the Ethiopian Wolf Conservation Programme (EWCP) for the access to facilities of the Sodota camp in the Web Valley and for their help with logistics. We thank Sena Gashe and Abbas Geda for assistance during the field work. We also thank Keith Edwards for correcting the English. The study was funded by GACR (P506/11/1512), GAJU 156/2013/P, GAJU 04-151/2016/P, and ERC (669609). 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The former species was obtained in mosses on trees from Cholomu Forest (10 km to the south from Ginchi city); the second species was obtained from soil from Harenna Forest (Bale Mountains National Park). Both new species differ from all known species of the subgenus by presence of eight to nine pairs of genital setae (five-six in other species). A diagnostic key to African species of Austrocarabodes (Uluguroides) is presented. C1 [Ermilov, Sergey G.] Ctr Independent Examinat NN, Entomol Lab, Nizhnii Novgorod 603107, Russia. [Sidorchuk, Ekaterina A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Paleontol, Lab Arthropods, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Rybalov, Leonid B.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Ecol & Evolutionary Problems, Lab Soil Zool & Gen Entomol, Moscow 117071, Russia. RP Ermilov, SG (corresponding author), Ctr Independent Examinat NN, Entomol Lab, Gagarin 97, Nizhnii Novgorod 603107, Russia. 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PY 2010 VL 60 IS 4 BP 617 EP 626 DI 10.3161/000345410X550472 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 705TH UT WOS:000286160300011 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Yimer, F Ledin, S Abdelkadir, A AF Yimer, Fantaw Ledin, Stig Abdelkadir, Abdu TI Changes in soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents in three adjacent land use types in the Bale Mountains, south-eastern highlands of Ethiopia SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE nutrient dynamics; deforestation; land conversion; nutrient loss; soil property changes ID TOPOGRAPHIC ASPECT; SUBTROPICAL SOILS; CROPPING SYSTEMS; MATTER DYNAMICS; CULTIVATION; DEFORESTATION; VEGETATION; PASTURE; STOCKS; AGROECOSYSTEMS AB Improper cultivation practices are seriously and considerably degrading native forest ecosystems in the Bale Mountains of the south-eastern highlands of Ethiopia. This study investigated the effects of land use change on the contents of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen in three adjacent land uses: native forest, cropland and grazing. A total of 108 soil samples (3 replications x 3 treatments x 4 profiles x 3 soil depth layers-0-0.2, 0.2-0.4 and 0.4-1.0 in) were collected for laboratory analyses. Results showed that organic carbon and total nitrogen contents of soils were significantly lower in cropland (p < 0.001) compared to the contents in grazing and native forest. Conversion of a forest ecosystem into cropland during a 15-year period has significantly reduced the original amount of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in the top I in soil layer by 30.9 and 32.1%, respectively. The findings suggested that conversion of native forest and the subsequent cultivation had resulted in a distinct decrease in the amount of SOC and total N of the surface soil due to the lower supply and return of organic matter to the soil system. Soil carbon content and total nitrogen can be protected and maintained through improving existing land use practices and proper cropland management. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Wondo Genet Coll Forestry, Shashemane, Ethiopia. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Soil Sci, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Yimer, F (corresponding author), Wondo Genet Coll Forestry, POB 128, Shashemane, Ethiopia. EM Fantaw.Yimer@mv.slu.se; stig.ledin@mv.slu.se; aabdelkadir@yahoo.com CR Aber JD, 1991, TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTE, P200 BERHE SM, 1987, J GEOL SOC LONDON, V144, P213, DOI 10.1144/gsjgs.144.2.0213 Bremner J. M., 1982, Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. 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Ecol. Manage. PD APR 30 PY 2007 VL 242 IS 2-3 BP 337 EP 342 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.01.087 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 164XL UT WOS:000246268100027 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Kidane, Y Stahlmann, R Beierkuhnlein, C AF Kidane, Yohannes Stahlmann, Reinhold Beierkuhnlein, Carl TI Vegetation dynamics, and land use and land cover change in the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Biodiversity loss; Vegetation dynamics; Endemism; Elevational gradient; Land use change; Remote sensing; Tropical mountains ID SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA; NATIONAL-PARK; ECOSYSTEMS; HIGHLANDS; CLIMATE; CONSEQUENCES; STABILITY; IMPACT; FOREST; FIRE AB Shifts in biological communities are occurring at rapid rates as human activities induced global climate change increases. Understanding the effects of the change on biodiversity is important to reduce loss of biodiversity and mass extinction, and to insure the long-term persistence of natural resources and natures' services. Especially in remote landscapes of developing countries, precise knowledge about on-going processes is scarce. Here we apply satellite imagery to assess spatio-temporal land use and land cover change (LULCC) in the Bale Mountains for a period of four decades. This study aims to identify the main drivers of change in vegetation patterns and to discuss the implications of LULCC on spatial arrangements and trajectories of floral communities. Remote sensing data acquired from Landsat MSS, Landsat ETM + and SPOT for four time steps (1973, 1987, 2000, and 2008) were analyzed using 11 LULC units defined based on the dominant plant taxa and cover types of the habitat. Change detection matrices revealed that over the last 40 years, the area has changed from a quite natural to a more cultural landscape. Within a representative subset of the study area (7,957.5 km(-2)), agricultural fields have increased from 1.71% to 9.34% of the total study area since 1973. Natural habitats such as upper montane forest, afroalpine grasslands, afromontane dwarf shrubs and herbaceous formations, and water bodies also increased. Conversely, afromontane grasslands have decreased in size by more than half (going from 19.3% to 8.77%). Closed Erica forest also shrank from 15.0% to 12.37%, and isolated Erica shrubs have decreased from 6.86% to 5.55%, and afroalpine dwarf shrubs and herbaceous formations reduced from 5.2% to 1.56%. Despite fluctuations the afromontane rainforest (Harenna forest), located south of the Bale Mountains, has remained relatively stable. In conclusion this study documents a rapid and ecosystem-specific change of this biodiversity hotspot due to intensified human activities (e.g., deforestation, agriculture, infrastructure expansion). Specifically, the ecotone between the afromontane and the afroalpine area represent a "hotspot of biodiversity loss" today. Taking into consideration the projections of regional climate warming and modified precipitation regimes, LULCC can be expected to become even more intensive in the near future. This is likely to impose unprecedented pressures on the largely endemic biota of the area. C1 [Kidane, Yohannes; Stahlmann, Reinhold; Beierkuhnlein, Carl] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Biogeog, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. RP Kidane, Y (corresponding author), Univ Bayreuth, Dept Biogeog, Univ Str 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. EM yohannes-kidane@hotmail.com OI Stahlmann, Reinhold/0000-0001-5904-417X; Beierkuhnlein, Carl/0000-0002-6456-4628 FU Rufford Small Grants Foundation FX We express gratitude to the SPOT Planet Action Program and its partner institutes for the free grant of SPOT satellite images, ArcGIS 9.3.1 software, and ENVI-IDL 4.7 remote sensing software and books. We also acknowledge the financial support for this work from the Rufford Small Grants Foundation. 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PD DEC PY 2012 VL 184 IS 12 BP 7473 EP 7489 DI 10.1007/s10661-011-2514-8 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 032TO UT WOS:000310742200033 PM 22278677 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU BARBIERI, M CALDERONI, G DELITALA, MC GARBARINO, C MASI, U PETRUCCIANI, C AF BARBIERI, M CALDERONI, G DELITALA, MC GARBARINO, C MASI, U PETRUCCIANI, C TI GEOCHEMISTRY OF VOLCANIC BASIC ROCKS FROM THE BALE MOUNTAINS (SOUTHEASTERN ETHIOPIA) - EVIDENCE OF CRUSTAL CONTAMINATION SO CHEMIE DER ERDE-GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Major- and trace-element contents of volcanic rocks from the Bale Mountains, eastern Ethiopian plateau, have been determined. Radiometric K/Ar ages and initial Sr-isotope ratios of selected rocks have also been determined. The radiometric ages distinguish two groups of rocks: the Group I (Lower to Upper Miocene) and the Group II (Pliocene to Pleistocene); finally, two rocks have given no significant age, as they are very young. Correlation with other Ethiopian volcanics shows that the Group-I and Group-II rocks are contemporary of Termaber and Ethiopian rift volcanism, respectively. Bulk chemistry and initial Sr-isotope composition (0.70363-0.70441) of the Bale rocks show that these latter, which are mainly hawaiites, derived from partial melting of the upper mantle and underwent crystal contamination and crystal fractionation with magma differentiation. Crustal contamination appears to have affected the parental magmas of the Group-I rocks more than those of Group II, as the former rocks are often richer in K, other LIL elements, Li and radiogenic Sr-87 than the Group-II rocks of corresponding SiO2. However, taking into account the least contaminated and differentiated rocks, there is no major chemical and isotopic difference between the two Groups, indicating that no gross heterogeneity exists in the upper mantle beneath the eastern plateau since the Miocene. 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Bekele, Afework TI Demography and dynamics of mountain nyala Tragelaphus buxtoni in the Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia SO CURRENT ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Density; Dynamics; Group size; Mountain nyala; Movement; Sex ratio ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SEX-RATIOS; CONSERVATION AB We studied the population dynamics of endangered mountain nyala Tragelaphus buxtoni between 2003-2005 in the Bale Mountains National Park. Line-transect sampling and total count methods were used to gather data on demographics and movement patterns. The population's age-group composition was 58% adults, 25% sub-adults, 9% juveniles, 5% calves and 3% unidentified with a female-male sex ratio of 2:1. Population density was found to be significantly different between the two sub-populations (Dinsho Sanctuary and Gaysay/Adelay). A significant difference was found for age-group composition across the two sub-populations except adult females, sub-adult males and calves. The Dinsho sub-population was an isolated group. Separation and containment of the mountain nyala population could have negatively affected their ability to search for habitat requirements and mates from distant areas. The population varied between 830-908 individuals (95% CI), a reduction of 45% from earlier reports. However, the mean population density increased due to contraction of the species' habitat range. We observed a population decrease of 2%-5% per year over the course of our study. Many of the assessed demographic parameters did not significantly change over the three years. This suggests that the decrease in nyala population was not due to random variations in reproduction. Anthropogenic factors such as competition with livestock for forage, habitat encroachment and poaching by the local people might have been partly responsible for the depleted population in our study areas [ Current Zoology 56 (6): 660-669, 2010]. 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Zool. PY 2010 VL 56 IS 6 BP 660 EP 669 DI 10.1093/czoolo/56.6.660 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 680FR UT WOS:000284218300003 OA gold DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Mamo, Y Asefa, A Mengesha, G AF Mamo, Yosef Asefa, Addisu Mengesha, Girma TI Habitat use of ungulates in Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE distribution; diversity; habitat overlap; habitat use; park; ungulates ID HETEROGENEITY; FORESTS; NYALA AB This study was conducted to determine habitat use, distribution and diversity of five ungulate species in the Bale Mountains National Park. Habitat use by each ungulate species was assessed using a total count method in 11 vegetation types between August and October 2009. Results showed the ungulates had wide and uneven distribution except for mountain nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni) that mainly recorded in Adellay and Dinsho hill open lands. This nyala occupied all of the habitats, while Menelik's bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus meneliki) occupied nine habitats. Most species pairs had significant positive correlations regarding habitat use and preferences. Computed similarity index revealed the presence of considerable overlap in habitat among the ungulates (between 28% and 74%). The ungulates' habitat-use diversity index was 0.57-0.85, and mountain nyala had the highest and Menelik's bushbuck the lowest and the most habitat selective species. However, species known to be grazers had lower overlaps among themselves than between them and browsers, and vice versa reflecting a strategy used to avoid competition in some wildlife. The study provides useful information about ungulates and their habitats in the area. However, future research that focuses on their feeding behaviour is needed to enhance our understanding of the ungulates relationships with their habitat. C1 [Mamo, Yosef] Hawassa Univ, Dept Biol, Hawassa, Ethiopia. [Asefa, Addisu] Ethiopian Wildlife Conservat Author Project, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Mengesha, Girma] Wondo Genet Coll Forestry & Nat Resources, Dept Wildlife & Ecotourism, Shashemene, Ethiopia. RP Mengesha, G (corresponding author), Wondo Genet Coll Forestry & Nat Resources, Dept Wildlife & Ecotourism, POB 128, Shashemene, Ethiopia. EM gutgirma@gmail.com OI Asefa, Addisu/0000-0002-6042-9592 FU Frankfurt Zoological Society-Bale Mountains Conservation Project; Fitzpatrick Institute of Ornithology Centre of Excellence, University of Pretoria FX We are grateful for funding of this research by the Frankfurt Zoological Society-Bale Mountains Conservation Project and Fitzpatrick Institute of Ornithology Centre of Excellence, University of Pretoria. We are also thankful to the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority and the Bale Mountains National Park for the study permission given. CR Afework B, 2010, AFR J ECOL, V48, P502, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2028.2009.01139.x Asefa A., 2011, MAMMALS BALE MOUNTAI, P3 Barker N., 2005, EFFECTS SPECIES ASS Cromsigt JPGM, 2009, DIVERS DISTRIB, V15, P513, DOI 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00554.x Dereje Yazezew, 2011, International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, V37, P1 Erickson, 2002, RESOURCE SELECTION A Evangelista PH, 2008, WILDLIFE RES, V35, P409, DOI 10.1071/WR07173 Fetene A., 2011, NAT SCI, V9, P80 Fritz H, 1996, J APPL ECOL, V33, P589, DOI 10.2307/2404987 Gorley R.N., 2006, PRIMER V6 USER MANUA Green MJB, 1987, J ZOOL, V1, P693, DOI 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1987.tb00751.x Heinze E, 2011, FOREST ECOL MANAG, V261, P288, DOI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.10.022 Hillman J. C., 1986, MANAGEMENT PLAN BALE Hirst SM, 1975, WILDLIFE MONOGR, V44, P3, DOI DOI 10.2307/3830376 Illius AW, 2000, OIKOS, V89, P283, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.890209.x JONES RB, 1986, WORLD POULTRY SCI J, V42, P82, DOI 10.1079/WPS19860008 Kingdon, 1997, KINGDON FIELD GUIDE Krebs J., 1989, ECOLOGICAL METHODOLO Latham J, 1999, FOREST ECOL MANAG, V120, P13, DOI 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00539-8 Morrison M. 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J. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 53 IS 4 BP 512 EP 520 DI 10.1111/aje.12242 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DA2XH UT WOS:000367660000016 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Ermilov, SG Sidorchuk, EA Rybalov, LB AF Ermilov, Sergey G. Sidorchuk, Ekaterina A. Rybalov, Leonid B. TI TWO NEW SPECIES OF ORIBATID MITES (ACARI: ORIBATIDA) FROM ETHIOPIA SO ANNALES ZOOLOGICI LA English DT Article DE Oribatid mites; new species; Machadobelbidae; Microtegeidae; Machadobelba shtanchaevae; Microtegeus khaustovi; Ethiopia AB We described Machadobelba shtanchaevae sp. nov. and Microtegeus khaustovi sp. nov., collected in Bale Mountains National Park (Africa, Ethiopia). The first new species is similar to Machadobelba symmetrica Balogh, 1958 (Distribution: Africa, Congo) and to Machadobelba ceylonica Balogh, 1970 (Asia, Sri Lanka), but differs from the former species by body size, length of costulae and length of notogastral setae, and from the latter species by body size, morphology of cristae and position of adanal setae ad(3). Microtegeus khaustovi sp. nov. is similar to Microtegeus variabilis Mahunka, 1988 (Africa, Tanzania) and Microtegeus rugosus Mahunka, 1982 (Africa, Ethiopia), but differs from the former species by body size, number of prodorsal tubercles, length of notogastral setae c, and morphology of the notogaster; from the latter species it differs by morphology of lamellar setae, the number of prodorsal tubercles, and morphology of the notogaster. C1 [Ermilov, Sergey G.] Ctr Independent Examinat NN, Entomol Lab, Nizhnii Novgorod 603107, Russia. [Sidorchuk, Ekaterina A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Paleontol, Lab Arthropods, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Rybalov, Leonid B.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Ecol & Evolutionary Problems, Lab Soil Zool & Gen Entomol, Moscow 117071, Russia. RP Ermilov, SG (corresponding author), Ctr Independent Examinat NN, Entomol Lab, Gagarin 97, Nizhnii Novgorod 603107, Russia. EM ermilovacari@yandex.ru; esidorchuk@rambler.ru; lrybalov52@mail.ru RI Sidorchuk, Ekaterina/G-3089-2014 CR BALOGH J., 1959, ACTA ZOOL ACAD SCI HUNGARICAE, V5, P13 BALOGH J, 1970, Opuscula Zoologica (Munich), V10, P33 Balogh J., 1958, Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, V58, P1 Balogh J., 2002, IDENTIFICATION KEYS, V1 Balogh J., 1992, ORIBATID MITES GENER, V1 Berlese A., 1916, Redia Firenze, V12 MAHUNKA S, 1988, ACTA ZOOL HUNG, V34, P345 MAHUNKA S, 1982, ACTA ZOOL ACAD SCI H, V28, P293 Sanyal Asoh K., 2005, Zoos Print Journal, V20, P1856 Subias L. S., 2004, Graellsia, V60, P3 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUSEUM & INST ZOOLOGY PAS-POLISH ACAD SCIENCES PI WARSAW PA WILCZA STREET 64, 00-679 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0003-4541 J9 ANN ZOOL JI Ann. Zool. PY 2010 VL 60 IS 3 BP 407 EP 417 DI 10.3161/000345410X535398 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 673WX UT WOS:000283696000011 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Johansson, MU Granstrom, A AF Johansson, Maria Ulrika Granstrom, Anders TI Fire and grazing controlling a tropical tree line: Effects of long-term grazing exclusion in Bale Mountains, Ethiopia SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Erica arborea; Erica trimera; Ericaceous soils; forest regeneration; Hagenia abyssinica; heathlands; livestock grazing; pastoral fire; post-fire succession ID SUB-ALPINE HEATHLANDS; MEDITERRANEAN SHRUBS; VEGETATION STRUCTURE; AFRICAN HIGHLANDS; DYNAMICS; FORESTS; FUEL; FLAMMABILITY; DISTURBANCE; ECOSYSTEMS AB Aims Tropical tree lines are often associated with abrupt shifts in vegetation, soils and disturbance regimes, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We analysed the role of grazing, fuels and fire in maintaining a sharp tree line with flammable heathland above non-flammable forest. Location Bale Mountains, Ethiopia. Methods The study used grazing exclosures, repeated vegetation sampling, soil analyses and burning and sowing experiments along an altitudinal gradient withHagenia abyssinicaforest,Erica trimeraforest andEricaheathland; all were heavily grazed, the Erica heathland also burnt on short rotation. Results Contrary to expectation, livestock exclusion did not increase flammability in the forest, but instead resulted in a dense carpet of non-flammable herbs. In the heathland, livestock exclusion led to somewhat faster post-fire fuel recovery, but no major change in vegetation. Seeding of tree species resulted in some seedling establishment, but notablyHageniagrew poorly in the heathland, even when protected from livestock. A bioassay, as well as observations of outpost trees on atypical soil above the tree line, suggests that this poor growth is caused by the acidic soils, rather than harsh climate. Despite frequent fires, heathland soils had lower pH and higher organic matter content than forest soils. Below the tree line, tree seedling establishment was successful only in forest gaps, and if livestock was excluded. In both forest and heathland rapid vegetative regeneration in the ground flora after disturbance restricted major species shifts. Conclusions These results suggest that the contrasting fire potential between heathland and forest, and thus the sharp tree line would be maintained, or possibly even accentuated, in the absence of livestock grazing, and thatHageniacolonization upwards into the heathland is restricted not only by fire and grazing, but also the acidic soils, which is a legacy of centuries of dominance byErica. C1 [Johansson, Maria Ulrika] Stockholm Univ, Dept Ecol Environm & Plant Sci, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Johansson, Maria Ulrika; Granstrom, Anders] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Umea, Sweden. RP Johansson, MU (corresponding author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Ecol Environm & Plant Sci, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM johansson.maria.ulrika@gmail.com OI Granstrom, Anders/0000-0003-0723-024X FU Sida [SWE-2004-276] FX Sida (SWE-2004-276). 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Veg. Sci. PD SEP PY 2020 VL 31 IS 5 BP 841 EP 853 DI 10.1111/jvs.12905 EA JUL 2020 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA NT2NC UT WOS:000546474500001 OA hybrid, Green Published DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Mekonen, S AF Mekonen, Sefi TI Coexistence between human and wildlife: the nature, causes and mitigations of human wildlife conflict around Bale Mountains National Park, Southeast Ethiopia SO BMC ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biodiversity; Conservation; Human-wildlife interactions; Management; Protected area ID CHALLENGES; PEOPLE AB Human-wildlife conflict occurs when the needs and behavior of wildlife impact negatively on humans or when humans negatively affect the needs of wildlife. To explore the nature, causes and mitigations of human wildlife conflict, the coexistence between human and wildlife assessment was conducted around Bale Mountains National Park. Data were collected by means of household questionnaires, focus group discussion, interview, field observation and secondary sources. The nature and extent of human wildlife conflict in the study area were profoundly impacted humans, wild animal and the environment through crop damage, habitat disturbance and destruction, livestock predation, and killing of wildlife and human. The major causes of conflict manifested that agricultural expansion (30%), human settlement (24%), overgrazing by livestock (14%), deforestation (18%), illegal grass collection (10%) and poaching (4%). To defend crop raider, farmers have been practiced crop guarding (34%), live fencing (26%), scarecrow (22%), chasing (14%), and smoking (5%). However, fencing (38%), chasing (30%), scarecrow (24%) and guarding (8%) were controlling techniques to defend livestock predator animals. As emphasized in this study, human-wildlife conflicts are negative impacts on both human and wildlife. Accordingly, possible mitigate possibilities for peaceful co-existence between human and wildlife should be create awareness and training to the local communities, identifying clear border between the closure area and the land owned by the residents, formulate rules and regulation for performed local communities, equal benefit sharing of the local communities and reduction of human settlement encroachment into the national park range. Generally, researcher recommended that stakeholders and concerned bodies should be creating awareness to local community for the use of wildlife and human-wildlife conflict mitigation strategies. C1 [Mekonen, Sefi] Debre Berhan Univ, Dept Biol, Coll Nat & Computat Sci, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia. RP Mekonen, S (corresponding author), Debre Berhan Univ, Dept Biol, Coll Nat & Computat Sci, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia. 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PD SEP 14 PY 2020 VL 20 IS 1 AR 51 DI 10.1186/s12898-020-00319-1 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NQ4CM UT WOS:000570811000001 PM 32928171 OA gold, Green Published DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Vial, F Sillero-Zubiri, C Marino, J Haydon, DT Macdonald, DW AF Vial, Flavie Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio Marino, Jorgelina Haydon, Daniel T. Macdonald, David W. TI An analysis of long-term trends in the abundance of domestic livestock and free-roaming dogs in the Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE afroalpine pastures; Ethiopian wolf; land use patterns; livestock trends ID RABIES; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS AB Livestock inside the Bale Mountains National Park poses a threat to the persistence of the Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis) through grazing-induced habitat degradation and the transmission of diseases from the domestic dogs kept alongside the herds. We used a 21- year time series to explore long-term trends in the numbers of cattle, caprines and free-roaming domestic dogs in two core Ethiopian wolf areas (the Web valley and the Sanetti plateau) and to test whether seasonal variations in primary productivity underlies the current livestock production system. No trends in livestock numbers were detected in the Web valley, where livestock are most abundant and graze seasonally. Livestock numbers have increased significantly on most of the Sanetti plateau, grazing all year-round albeit at a lower intensity. Livestock use of the Web valley was positively correlated with vegetation productivity as derived from remotely sensed data, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). On the Sanetti plateau, neither primary productivity nor livestock numbers showed signs of strong seasonality. The current livestock production system has the potential to degrade the vegetation that sustains the wolves' rodent prey while an increase in free-roaming domestic dogs in parts of their range may heighten the risk of disease transmission.Resume Le betail qui pait dans le Parc National des Bale Mountains est une menace pour la survie du loup ethiopien Canis simensis parce que le paturage entraine une degradation de l'habitat et favorise la transmission de maladies des chiens domestiques qui accompagnent les troupeaux. Nous avons utilise une serie de donnees couvrant 21 annees pour etudier les tendances a long terme du nombre de bovins, de chevres et de chiens domestiques parcourant librement deux zones cles pour les loups d'Ethiopie, la Vallee de Web et le Plateau de Sanetti, et pour tester si des variations saisonnieres de productivite primaire sous-tendent le systeme actuel de production de betail. Nous n'avons detecte aucune tendance dans le nombre de tetes de betail dans la Vallee de Web, ou le betail est le plus abondant et ou il pait de facon saisonniere. Le nombre de betes a augmente significativement sur la plus grande partie du Plateau de Sanetti, ou elles paissent toute l'annee quoique a plus faible intensite. La frequentation de la Vallee de Web etait positivement liee a la productivite de la vegetation selon des donnees recueillies a distance (NDVI). Sur le Plateau de Sanetti, ni la productivite primaire, ni le nombre de tetes de betail ne presente de signe fort de saisonnalite. Le systeme actuel de production du betail a le potentiel de degrader la vegetation permettant le maintien du rongeur qui est la proie du loup d'Ethiopie, cependant que la libre circulation des chiens domestiques dans plusieurs parties de leur aire de repartition pourrait accroitre le risque de transmission de maladies. 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PD DEC PY 2011 VL 7 IS 2 BP 322 EP 324 AR 111207 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 871EK UT WOS:000298720500022 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Bittner, L Bliedtner, M Grady, D Gil-Romera, G Martin-Jones, C Lemma, B Mekonnen, B Lamb, HF Yang, H Glaser, B Szidat, S Salazar, G Rose, NL Opgenoorth, L Miehe, G Zech, W Zech, M AF Bittner, L. Bliedtner, M. Grady, D. Gil-Romera, G. Martin-Jones, C. Lemma, B. Mekonnen, B. Lamb, H. F. Yang, H. Glaser, B. Szidat, S. Salazar, G. Rose, N. L. Opgenoorth, L. Miehe, G. Zech, W. Zech, M. TI Revisiting afro-alpine Lake Garba Guracha in the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia: rationale, chronology, geochemistry, and paleoenvironmental implications SO JOURNAL OF PALEOLIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Paleolimnology; Afro-alpine; Radiocarbon dating; XRF scanning; Sedimentation rate; Biomarkers ID AFRICAN HUMID PERIOD; FLY-ASH PARTICLES; LATE PLEISTOCENE; ORGANIC-MATTER; PALEOSOL SEQUENCES; MAAR SEDIMENTS; ISOTOPE-RATIO; EAST-AFRICA; LAND-USE; HOLOCENE AB Previous paleolimnological studies demonstrated that the sediments of Garba Guracha, situated at 3950 m asl in the afro-alpine zone of the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia, provide a complete Late Glacial and Holocene paleoclimate and environmental archive. We revisited Garba Guracha in order to retrieve new sediment cores and to apply new environmental proxies, e.g. charcoal, diatoms, biomarkers, and stable isotopes. Our chronology is established using(210)Pb dating and radiocarbon dating of bulk sedimentary organic matter, bulkn-alkanes, and charcoal. Although bedrock was not reached during coring, basal ages confirm that sedimentation started at the earliest similar to 16 cal kyr BP. The absence of a systematic age offset for then-alkanes suggests that "pre-aging" is not a prominent issue in this lake, which is characterised by a very small afro-alpine catchment. X-ray fluorescence scans and total organic carbon contents show a prominent transition from minerogenic to organic-rich sediments around 11 cal kyr BP coinciding with the Holocene onset. While an unambiguous terrestrial versus aquatic source identification seems challenging, then-alkane-based P(aq)proxy, TOC/N ratios, delta C-13 values, and the sugar biomarker patterns suggest a predominantly autochthonous organic matter source. Supraregional climate events, such as the African Humid Period, the Younger Dryas (YD), a 6.5 cal kyr BP short drying event, and the 4.2 cal kyr BP transition to overall drier climate are recorded in our archive. The Garba Guracha record suggests that northern hemisphere forcings played a role in the Eastern African highland paleoclimate. C1 [Bittner, L.; Lemma, B.; Mekonnen, B.; Glaser, B.] Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Agron & Nutr Sci, Soil Biogeochem, Halle, Germany. [Bittner, L.; Zech, M.] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Geog, Heisenberg Chair Phys Geog Focus Paleoenvironm Re, Dresden, Germany. [Bliedtner, M.] Friedrich Schiller Univ Jena, Inst Geog, Dept Phys Geog, Jena, Germany. [Grady, D.; Gil-Romera, G.; Lamb, H. F.] Aberystwyth Univ, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, Aberystwyth, Dyfed, Wales. [Gil-Romera, G.] CSIC, Pyrenean Inst Ecol, Dept Geoenvironm Proc & Global Change, Zaragoza, Spain. [Martin-Jones, C.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Geog, Cambridge CB2 3EN, England. [Martin-Jones, C.] Univ Ghent, Dept Biol, Limnol Unit, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Mekonnen, B.; Zech, W.] Univ Bayreuth, Inst Soil Sci & Soil Geog, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. [Yang, H.; Rose, N. L.] UCL, Environm Change Res Ctr, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Szidat, S.; Salazar, G.] Univ Bern, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bern, Switzerland. [Szidat, S.; Salazar, G.] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, Bern, Switzerland. [Opgenoorth, L.; Miehe, G.] Univ Marburg, Dept Geog, Marburg, Germany. RP Bittner, L (corresponding author), Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Agron & Nutr Sci, Soil Biogeochem, Halle, Germany. EM lucas.bittner@tu-dresden.de; marcel.bliedtner@uni-jena.de; dig3@aber.ac.uk; graciela.gil@ipe.csic.es; cmm201@cam.ac.uk; bruklemma@gmail.com; betymekonnen19@gmail.com; hfl@aber.ac.uk; handong.yang@ucl.ac.uk; bruno.glaser@landw.uni-halle.de; soenke.szidat@dcb.unibe.ch; gary.salazar@dcb.unibe.ch; n.rose@ucl.ac.uk; Lars.Opgenoorth@staffuni-marburg.de; miehe@staff.uni-marburg.de; w.zech@uni-bayreuth.de; michael_zech@gmx.de RI Glaser, Bruno/ABC-1676-2021; Opgenoorth, Lars/C-9624-2018; Gil-Romera, Graciela/C-9262-2016 OI Glaser, Bruno/0000-0002-3057-3868; Gil-Romera, Graciela/0000-0001-5726-2536; Lemma, Bruk/0000-0002-9943-2158; Bittner, Lucas/0000-0003-2521-5596; Lamb, Henry/0000-0003-0025-0766; Bliedtner, Marcel/0000-0002-4109-9014; Rose, Neil/0000-0002-5697-7334 FU Projekt DEAL; German Research Council (DFG)German Research Foundation (DFG); Geography Laboratories, Cambridge FX Open Access funding provided by Projekt DEAL. This research was funded by the German Research Council (DFG) in the framework of the joint Ethio-European DFG Research Unit 2358 "The Mountain Exile Hypothesis. How humans benefited from and re-shaped African high-altitude ecosystems during Quaternary climate changes". We thank the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority for permitting our research in the Bale Mountains National Park. We are grateful to the project coordination, the Philipps University Marburg, University of Addis Abeba, the Frankfurt Zoological Society, the Ethiopian Wolf Project, the Bale Mountains National Park, and the related staff members, especially Katinka Thielsen, Mekbib Fekadu, Bahru Zinaye Asegahegn, Elias Tadesse, Ermias Getachew, and Terefe Endale, for their logistic assistance during our fieldwork. CMJ was supported by the Geography Laboratories, Cambridge, and thanks Iris Buisman (Cambridge) and Emma Tomlinson (Trinity College, Dublin) for guidance with tephra analysis. 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Paleolimn. PD OCT PY 2020 VL 64 IS 3 BP 293 EP 314 DI 10.1007/s10933-020-00138-w EA JUN 2020 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NI3AX UT WOS:000544528600001 OA Green Published, hybrid, Green Submitted DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Asefa, A Mengesha, G AF Asefa, Addisu Mengesha, Girma TI The Selection, Testing, and Application of Ecological Bioindicator Birds: A Case Study of the Bale Mountains, Southeast Ethiopia SO MOMONA ETHIOPIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bioindication; Conservation; Ecological; Monitoring; Afromontane Grassland; Grazing; Indicator Value ID NATIONAL-PARK; DUNG BEETLES; SPECIES ASSEMBLAGES; INDICATORS; CONSERVATION; PATTERNS; FORESTS; ANTS AB The interest in using ecological bioindicators - species or higher taxa, whose presence/absence or abundance reflect the abiotic or biotic state of an ecosystem - as cost-effective means of ecological monitoring has been globally increasing. The main aim of this study was to assess if such ecological bioindicator species could be identified within Afromontane grassland avifauna that would be used for monitoring the effects of livestock grazing on ecosystem in the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia. We collected data on birds and vegetation structure along 14 transects each in the light (protected) and heavy (unprotected) grazing sites in June 2014 (referred to as the first sampling period) and in December 2014 (the second sampling period). Then, we (i) initially identified potential bioindicator species for the light grazing site, based on data collected during the first sampling period; (ii) examined relationships between abundance of these bioindicators and level of grazing pressure; (iii) tested the consistency of those initially selected bioindicator species, based on independent data collected during the second sampling period. We used the Indicator Value (IndVal) Analysis method to identify bioindicator species for the light grazing site. Species with significant IndVal>60% were considered as potential bioindicator for the site compared to the heavy grazing site. Six species were initially identified as potential bioindicators from the first sampling period dataset, and four of these species were again consistently identified from the second sampling period. Furthermore, abundance of the bioindicators had significantly declined with increasing grazing pressure, but positively correlated with four habitat variables (i.e. heights of shrub, herb and grass, and cover of shrub). These findings suggest that those consistently identified four species represent suite of reliable bioindicators that can successfully be used for monitoring of changes in habitat structure in the site. Recommendations on how to apply these findings for ecological monitoring are provided. C1 [Asefa, Addisu] Ethiopian Wildlife Conservat Author, POB 386, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Mengesha, Girma] Wondo Genet Coll Forestry & Nat Resources, POB 128, Shashemene, Ethiopia. RP Asefa, A (corresponding author), Ethiopian Wildlife Conservat Author, POB 386, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM aa.mitiku@gmail.com; gutgirma@gmail.com OI Asefa, Addisu/0000-0002-6042-9592 FU Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources/Hawassa University, Ethiopia FX We thank Daniel Tilaye and Shubbisa Godana for their assistance during the field work. This study was conducted with a financial support provided by Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources/Hawassa University, Ethiopia. We also thank the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority and the Bale Mountains National Park for the research permission provided. 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J. Trop. Geogr. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 36 IS 3 BP 357 EP 375 DI 10.1111/sjtg.12124 PG 19 WC Geography SC Geography GA CU7WH UT WOS:000363752000007 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Abebe, BA Jones, KW Solomon, J Galvin, K Evangelista, P AF Abebe, Bethlehem A. Jones, Kelly W. Solomon, Jennifer Galvin, Kathleen Evangelista, Paul TI Examining social equity in community-based conservation programs: A case study of controlled hunting programs in Bale Mountains, Ethiopia SO WORLD DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Devolution of power; Environmental justice; Incentive-based conservation; Social diversity; Social processes; Trophy hunting ID ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; EMPIRICAL-ANALYSIS; NATIONAL-PARK; GOVERNANCE; MANAGEMENT; FORESTS; JUSTICE; INSIGHTS; LESSONS AB We examine social equity in a complex community-based controlled hunting program in the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia. We use a grounded qualitative approach and apply a multi-dimensional equity framework to assess locals' perceptions of equity in the distribution of benefits and costs, the processes of engagement and participation, and the recognition of traditional land use practices and values, paying attention to the inter- and intra-community power dynamics, institutional characteristics, and broader contextual factors that shape perceptions. We conducted interviews with 15 focus groups across four communities and contrast two community-based management models: one that employs a community power sharing mechanism and one without. In each community, we stratified respondents into groups of young men, elder men, women, and community leaders to respect differences in gender, age, and role in the community. The results demonstrate the interweaving effects that broader contextual factors, individual characteristics, and institutional support have on equity perceptions. Important contextual dimensions included pre-existing and ongoing social, political, and economic processes such as population growth and land scarcity, legacy of land use interactions, lack of community infrastructure, and youthled political activism and unrest. Individual attributes that influenced perceptions included landlessness and joblessness among the youth, the extreme reliance of women on forest products for subsistence, and the traditional value systems and practices among elders. Access to information, transparency of decision making, and the presence of monitoring and accountability also influenced perceived equity. This study contributes to the literature on community-based conservation by demonstrating how and why local's concepts of fairness diverge from generic and externally defined notions of equitability. Moving forward, equity assessments need to evaluate local actor's diverse and contextualized relationships with other actors and the natural world, and give recognition to how perceptions interplay with broader social and environmental processes, prior to designing and implementing conservation programs. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Abebe, Bethlehem A.; Jones, Kelly W.; Solomon, Jennifer] Colorado State Univ, Dept Human Dimens Nat Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Galvin, Kathleen] Colorado State Univ, Dept Anthropol & Geog, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Evangelista, Paul] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Jones, KW (corresponding author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Human Dimens Nat Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.; Jones, KW (corresponding author), Warner Coll Nat Resources, 1480 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Bethlehem.Astella@colostate.edu; kelly.jones@-colostate.edu; Jennifer.Solomon@colostate.edu; Kathleen.Galvin@colostate.edu; paul.evangelista@colostate.edu OI Jones, Kelly/0000-0001-9664-7615 FU Murelle Foundation; Center for Collaborative Conservation at Colorado State University FX This study was funded in part through The Murelle Foundation and the Center for Collaborative Conservation at Colorado State University. We thank Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority, Oromia Forest and Wildlife Enterprise, and the woreda and kebele administrative units for their permission and facilitation of the field research process. We are grateful to Abdul Kedir Ebrahim, community outreach facilitator from Frankfurt Zoological Society; Muktar Kedir, a community engagement officer from Oromia Forest and Wildlife Enterprise; and Zerayehu Edalew, for field support. We also want to thank Ethiopian Rift Valley Safari and Rocky Valley Safari for information provided. 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Ethiopia's geoheritage is well known to, and has been extensively studied by, earth scientists but is given little recognition by authorities within the country or by local communities and is not promoted to tourists. Many geosites such as the Tis Isat Falls on the Blue Nile, the lakes of the Rift Valley and even such iconic sites as the Dallol geothermal area are endangered, often by large-scale infrastructure, mineral extraction or agricultural projects. Historical heritage is recognised and valued in Ethiopia; historic sites are well protected and are the main drawcard for tourists visiting the country. Similar recognition of and respect for geoheritage could be promoted by education through geotourism, thus encouraging protection of geosites and their conservation for the future. C1 [Williams, Frances] Univ Adelaide, Dept Earth Sci, Adelaide, SA, Australia. RP Williams, F (corresponding author), Univ Adelaide, Dept Earth Sci, Adelaide, SA, Australia. 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WOS:000519386900001 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Umer, M Lamb, HF Bonnefille, R Lezine, AM Tiercelin, JJ Gibert, E Cazet, JP Watrin, J AF Umer, M. Lamb, H. F. Bonnefille, R. Lezine, A. -M. Tiercelin, J. -J. Gibert, E. Cazet, J. -P. Watrin, J. TI Late pleistocene and holocene vegetation history of the bale mountains, Ethiopia SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; EAST-AFRICA; LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS; RUKIGA HIGHLANDS; LAKE TANGANYIKA; NATIONAL-PARK; RIFT-VALLEY; POLLEN; RECORD; CLIMATE AB A sediment core recovered from Garba Guracha, a glacial lake at 3950 m altitude in the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia, at the boundary of the Ericaceous and Afroalpine vegetation belts, provides a 16,700-year pollen record of vegetation response to climatic change. The earliest vegetation recorded was sparse and composed mainly of grasses, Amaranthaceae-Chenopodiaceae and Artemisia, indicating an arid climate. At 13,400 cal BP, Amaranthaceae-Chenopodiaceae pollen declined sharply and Cyperaceae increased, suggesting a change to moister conditions. The Younger Dryas interval is represented by a small increase in Artemisia and reduced Cyperaceae, indicating aridity. Just after the start of the Holocene (11,200 cal BP), the upper altitudinal limit of the Ericaceous belt rose, and woody Ericaceous vegetation extended across the Sanetti plateau, in response to increased moisture and temperature. The marked change from elastic to organic lake sedimentation at this time reflects the increase in woody vegetation cover in the lake catchment, accompanied by soil stabilisation, and increased leaf litter and soil humus content. From about 6000 cal BP, and especially after 4500 cal BP, mid-altitude dry Afromontane Juniper-Podocarpus forests developed on the northern slopes of the mountains in response to reduced rainfall in a shortened wet season. Erica shrub and forest decreased in area and altitude, and the Afroalpine ecosystem expanded on the plateau. Podocarpus declined from about 2000 cal BP, as Juniperus increased to its present dominance at 2500-3300 m attitude. Human impact on the high-altitude Afroalpine and Ericaceous vegetation has been relatively minor, confirming that the endemic biodiversity of the Ethiopian mountains is a legacy of natural Holocene vegetation change, following repeated expansion and contraction of the upland ecosystems during the Quaternary. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wales, Inst Geog & Earth Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3DB, Dyfed, Wales. Univ Addis Ababa, Dept Earth Sci, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. CEREGE, F-13545 Aix En Provence 04, France. CEA, CNRS, UMR 1572, UVSQ,Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Inst Univ Europeen Mer, CNRS, UBO 6538, UMR, F-29280 Plouzane, France. Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IDES, UMR,UPS 8148, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Lamb, HF (corresponding author), Univ Wales, Inst Geog & Earth Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3DB, Dyfed, Wales. 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However, conservation of these areas is challenging due to increasing human threats, including encroachment of agriculture and settlements, overgrazing of livestock, and selective logging. We examined the effects of forest disturbances on birds, and highlights the potential conservation value of unprotected tropical montane forests for birds in the dry evergreen Afromontane forests of the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia. We sampled birds across 2 yr in both protected forests (characterized by low levels of cultivation, overgrazing, and logging) and unprotected forests (higher levels of disturbance). Using functional traits of birds related to habitat type, diet, and foraging stratum, we characterized the differences between protected and unprotected forests in terms of avian species richness, abundance, and assemblage composition. Overall, species richness was 27% higher and bird abundance was 19% higher in unprotected forests. In contrast, species richness and abundance of forest specialists and canopy foragers were significantly higher in protected forests. These findings suggest that unprotected, disturbed tropical montane forests in Ethiopia help to achieve conservation aims in an area recognized for its global biodiversity importance. At the same time, intact forest ecosystems need continued protection to maximize functional heterogeneity associated with specialist tropical forest C1 [Asefa, Addisu; McKechnie, Andrew E.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, Percy FitzPatrick Inst, DST NRF Ctr Excellence, Pretoria, South Africa. [Davies, Andrew B.; van Rensburg, Berndt J.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, DST NRF Ctr Excellence Invas Biol, Pretoria, South Africa. [Kinahan, Anouska A.] Frankfurt Zool Soc, Bale Mt Natl Pk, Bale Mt Conservat Project, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [van Rensburg, Berndt J.] Univ Johannesburg, DST NRF Ctr Invas Biol, Dept Zool, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Asefa, Addisu] Ethiopian Wildlife Conservat Author, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Davies, Andrew B.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA USA. [Kinahan, Anouska A.] Frankfurt Zool Soc, Protected Areas Commiss Headquarters, Natl Pk, Georgetown, Guyana. [van Rensburg, Berndt J.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. RP Asefa, A (corresponding author), Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, Percy FitzPatrick Inst, DST NRF Ctr Excellence, Pretoria, South Africa.; Asefa, A (corresponding author), Ethiopian Wildlife Conservat Author, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM addisu.asefa@yahoo.com RI van Rensburg, Berndt/A-4154-2009; Davies, Andrew/AAF-1298-2019 OI van Rensburg, Berndt/0000-0002-5274-5536; Davies, Andrew/0000-0002-0003-1435; Asefa, Addisu/0000-0002-6042-9592 FU DST-NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick InstituteDepartment of Science & Technology (India); University of Pretoria; Frankfurt Zoological Society, Bale Mountains Conservation Project FX This study was undertaken with financial support from DST-NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Pretoria, and Frankfurt Zoological Society, Bale Mountains Conservation Project. None of our funders had any influence on the content of the submitted or published manuscript, and none of them required approval of the final manuscript to be published. Ethics statement: Research permission was obtained from the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority. 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This is the case for the giant root-rat Tachyoryctes macrocephalus endemic to the Afroalpine ecosystem of the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia. We studied the impact of root-rats on various ecosystem features within a 3.5-ha study locality dominated by Alchemilla pasture, which represents an optimal habitat for this species, in 2 periods of a year. The root-rats altered plant species composition, reducing the dominant forb, Alchemilla abyssinica, while enhancing Salvia merjame and a few other species, and reduced vegetation cover, but not the fresh plant biomass. Where burrows were abandoned by root-rats, other rodents took them over and A. abyssinica increased again. Root-rat burrowing created small-scale heterogeneity in soil compactness due to the backfilling of some unused burrow segments. Less compacted soil tended to be rich in nutrients, including carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, which likely affected the plant growth on sites where the vegetation has been reduced as a result of root-rat foraging and burrowing. C1 [Skliba, Jan; Vlasata, Tereza; Lovy, Matej; Hrouzkova, Ema; Sumbera, Radim] Univ South Bohemia, Fac Sci, Branisovska 1760, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. [Skliba, Jan] CAS, Ctr Biol, Inst Entomol, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. [Meheretu, Yonas] Mekelle Univ, Dept Biol, Coll Nat & Cmputat Sci, Mekelle, Ethiopia. [Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit, Oxford, England. RP Skliba, J (corresponding author), Univ South Bohemia, Fac Sci, Branisovska 1760, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. EM jskliba@yahoo.com RI Yonas, Meheretu/AAQ-8265-2021; Sumbera, Radim/D-9072-2016 OI Yonas, Meheretu/0000-0002-5406-1672; Sumbera, Radim/0000-0001-8658-9378; Skliba, Jan/0000-0002-0567-9302; Hrouzkova, Ema/0000-0002-6289-7613 FU GACRGrant Agency of the Czech Republic [P506/11/1512]; ERCEuropean Research Council (ERC)European Commission [669609]; GAJU [156/2013/P, 151/2016/P] FX We thank the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority (EWCA) for permission to conduct our research in Ethiopia. We thank the Bale Mountains National Park for kind cooperation. We thank Sena Gashe, Abbas Geda, Aschalew Gashaw and the Ethiopian Wolf Conservation Programme (EWCP) team for their help with logistics and fieldwork, Melaku Wondafrash for plant determination, Jiri Jan and Tomas Picek for analyses of soil nutrients and Vladimir Kviz and Eda Gregr for processing of photographs. We also thank anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript and Chris Steer for correcting the English. The study was funded by GACR (P506/11/1512), ERC (669609) and GAJU (156/2013/P, 151/2016/P). 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Zool. PD JUL PY 2017 VL 12 IS 4 BP 333 EP 344 DI 10.1111/1749-4877.12241 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA FA5ZV UT WOS:000405524000006 PM 27734606 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Yimer, F Ledin, S Abdelkadir, A AF Yimer, Fantaw Ledin, Stig Abdelkadir, Abdu TI Concentrations of exchangeable bases and cation exchange capacity in soils of cropland, grazing and forest in the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE nutrient dynamics; deforestation; land conversion; nutrient loss; soil property changes; land degradation ID SOUTH-EASTERN HIGHLANDS; LAND-USE; ORGANIC-CARBON; TOPOGRAPHIC ASPECT; NITROGEN STOCKS; PASTURE; MATTER; DEFORESTATION; CULTIVATION; VEGETATION AB Conversion of native forest ecosystem to cropland has considerably degraded the soil nutrient levels in the Bale Mountains, south-eastern highlands of Ethiopia. This study investigated the effects of land use change through conversion of native forest to cropland and/or grazing land on soil pH (H2O), base cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+), CEC and percentage base saturation (PBS) in three adjacent land-use types: cropland, grazing land and native forest. A total of 108 soil samples (3 replications x 3 land-use types x 4 profiles x 3 soil depth layers, 0-0.2, 0.2-0.4 and 0.4-1.0 m) were collected for laboratory analyses. Results showed that soil pH, Na+ and K+, CEC, and PBS varied significantly with respect to land use and soil depth while Ca2+ and Mg2+ varied with soil depth (rho < 0.05). Conversion of native forest ecosystem to cropland during a 15-year period significantly increased soil pH and PBS while reducing Na+ and K+. The CEC in the cropland was reduced by 37.7% (similar to 2.6% per annum) compared to the native forest, which could be attributed to the decline in organic matter concentrations. If such rapid declines in soil nutrient concentrations continue unabated, the soils will reach at the point of no return within a few decades. Although the effect of grazing on most of the properties was found to be minimal, adapting the number of stock to the carrying capacity of the land and thereby enhancing the natural regeneration, combined with proper cropland management practices could help restoring soil nutrients for sustainable agricultural production and ecosystem functions. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yimer, Fantaw; Abdelkadir, Abdu] Wondo Genet Coll Forestry & Nat Resources, Shashemene, Ethiopia. [Yimer, Fantaw; Ledin, Stig] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Soil Sci, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Yimer, F (corresponding author), Wondo Genet Coll Forestry & Nat Resources, POB 128, Shashemene, Ethiopia. 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Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 5 PY 2008 VL 256 IS 6 BP 1298 EP 1302 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.047 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 356EY UT WOS:000259762700007 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Skliba, J Vlasata, T Lovy, M Hrouzkova, E Meheretu, Y Sillero-Zubiri, C Sumbera, R AF Skliba, J. Vlasata, T. Lovy, M. Hrouzkova, E. Meheretu, Y. Sillero-Zubiri, C. Sumbera, R. TI The giant that makes do with little: small and easy-to-leave home ranges found in the giant root-rat SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dispersal; radio tracking; space use; home range; fossorial rodent; Tachyoryctes; Afroalpine; subterranean ID TACHYORYCTES-MACROCEPHALUS; BALE MOUNTAINS; RODENTIA; DIET; FOOD AB Mammalian space-use patterns are largely determined by the resources utilized as well as by given habitat characteristics, as can be illustrated by rodents displaying predominantly subterranean activity. These rodents are largely limited in their use of space by their burrow systems. This results in smaller home ranges than is usual for rodents of a similar size. However, there is little information regarding how stable these home ranges are over time. We studied space use in the giant root-rat, Tachyoryctes macrocephalus, a large fossorial rodent endemic to the Bale Mountains of southern Ethiopia where it is the principal prey of the Ethiopian wolf Canis simensis. We radio-tracked 22 root-rats during a period of 36 days in the early dry season and 17 of them once again during a period of 37 days in the late dry season. The root-rats occupied very small (around 100 m(2)) home ranges which were often tightly packed, especially on a wetland shore that was a part of the study locality, but displayed little overlap. Almost 30% of the radio-collared root-rats of either sex dispersed (80-428 m from their original home range) during the 5 months of the study, mostly in a period between the early and late dry season characterized by a decreasing food supply and the soil becoming dry and hard. Individuals who did not disperse during this time usually shifted their home range. Root-rats living on the wetland shore, which were the largest and therefore likely competitively strongest individuals, shifted their home ranges into the wetland, likely for the purpose of increasing their food supply. C1 [Skliba, J.; Vlasata, T.; Lovy, M.; Hrouzkova, E.; Sumbera, R.] Univ South Bohemia, Fac Sci, Branisovska 1760, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. [Meheretu, Y.] Univ Mekelle, Coll Nat & Computat Sci, Dept Biol, Mekelle, Ethiopia. [Sillero-Zubiri, C.] Univ Oxford, Zool Dept, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit, Oxford, England. [Sillero-Zubiri, C.] Born Free Fdn, Horsham, W Sussex, England. RP Sumbera, R (corresponding author), Univ South Bohemia, Fac Sci, Branisovska 1760, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. EM sumbera@prf.jcu.cz RI Sumbera, Radim/D-9072-2016; Yonas, Meheretu/AAQ-8265-2021 OI Sumbera, Radim/0000-0001-8658-9378; Yonas, Meheretu/0000-0002-5406-1672; Skliba, Jan/0000-0002-0567-9302 FU GACRGrant Agency of the Czech Republic [P506/11/1512]; GAJU [156/2013/P, 151/2016/P, 048/2019/P]; ERCEuropean Research Council (ERC)European Commission [669609] FX We are grateful to the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority for permission to conduct research in Ethiopia. We thank the Bale Mountains National Park and the Ethiopian Wolf Conservation Programme for access to the Sodota camp in the Web Valley and for their help with logistics. We thank Sena Gashe and Abbas Geda for assistance during field work. We also thank Chris Steer for correcting the English and three anonymous reviewers for reviewing earlier versions of the manuscript. 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Trop. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 19 BP 197 EP 207 DI 10.1017/S0266467403003225 PN 2 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 673XQ UT WOS:000182606600009 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Serur, AB Sarma, AK AF Serur, Abdulkerim Bedewi Sarma, Arup Kumar TI Current and projected water demand and water availability estimates under climate change scenarios in the Weyib River basin in Bale mountainous area of Southeastern Ethiopia SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Earth system models; RCP emission scenarios; ArcSWAT hydrologic model; Water demand-water availability estimates; Weyib River basin; Southeastern Ethiopia ID RESOURCES AB This study intended to estimate the spatial and temporal variation of current and projected water demand and water availability under climate change scenarios in Weyib River basin, Bale mountainous area of Southeastern Ethiopia. Future downscaled climate variables from three Earth System Models under the three RCP emission scenarios were inputted into ArcSWAT hydrological model to simulate different components of water resources of a basin whereas current and projected human and livestock population of the basin is considered to estimate the total annual water demand for various purposes. Results revealed that the current total annual water demand of the basin is found to be about 289 Mm(3), and this has to increase by 83.47% after 15 years, 200.67% after 45 years, and 328.78% after 75 years by the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s, respectively, from base period water demand mainly due to very rapid increasing population (40.81, 130.80, and 229.12% by the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s, respectively) and climatic variability. The future average annual total water availability in the basin is observed to be increased by ranging from 15.04 to 21.61, 20.08 to 23.34, and 16.21 to 39.53% by the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s time slice, respectively, from base period available water resources (2333.39 Mm(3)). The current water availability per capita per year of the basin is about 3112.23 m(3) and tends to decline ranging from 11.78 to 17.49, 46.02 to 47.45, and 57.18 to 64.34% by the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s, respectively, from base period per capita per year water availability. This indicated that there might be possibility to fall the basin under water stress condition in the long term. C1 [Serur, Abdulkerim Bedewi; Sarma, Arup Kumar] Indian Inst Technol Guwahati, Civil Engn Dept, Gauhati 781039, Assam, India. RP Serur, AB (corresponding author), Indian Inst Technol Guwahati, Civil Engn Dept, Gauhati 781039, Assam, India. 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Nauss, Thomas Negash, Agazi Nemomissa, Sileshi Veit, Heinz Vogelsang, Ralf Woldu, Zerihun Zech, Wolfgang Opgenoorth, Lars Miehe, Georg TI Middle Stone Age foragers resided in high elevations of the glaciated Bale Mountains, Ethiopia SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MOCHENA BORAGO ROCKSHELTER; PERMANENT HUMAN OCCUPATION; LATE PLEISTOCENE; TIBETAN PLATEAU; GROUND BEETLES; SOUTHEASTERN ETHIOPIA; HOUSE FLOORS; GODA BUTICHA; BLACK CARBON; ALTITUDE AB Studies of early human settlement in alpine environments provide insights into human physiological, genetic, and cultural adaptation potentials. Although Late and even Middle Pleistocene human presence has been recently documented on the Tibetan Plateau, little is known regarding the nature and context of early persistent human settlement in high elevations. Here, we report the earliest evidence of a prehistoric high-altitude residential site. Located in Africa's largest alpine ecosystem, the repeated occupation of Fincha Habera rock shelter is dated to 47 to 31 thousand years ago. The available resources in cold and glaciated environments included the exploitation of an endemic rodent as a key food source, and this played a pivotal role in facilitating the occupation of this site by Late Pleistocene hunter-gatherers. C1 [Ossendorf, Goetz; Tekelemariam, Minassie Girma; Vogelsang, Ralf] Univ Cologne, Inst Prehist Archaeol, Cologne, Germany. [Groos, Alexander R.; Veit, Heinz] Univ Bern, Inst Geog, Bern, Switzerland. [Bromm, Tobias; Glaser, Bruno] Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg, Dept Soil Biogeochem, Halle, Saale, Germany. [Lesur, Josephine] CNRS, MNHN, UMR 7209 Archaeozool Archaeobot Lab AASPE, Paris, France. [Schmidt, Joachim] Univ Rostock, Inst Biosci, Rostock, Germany. [Akcar, Naki] Univ Bern, Inst Geol Sci, Bern, Switzerland. [Bekele, Tamrat; Demissew, Sebsebe; Nemomissa, Sileshi; Woldu, Zerihun] Addis Ababa Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Biodivers Management, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Beldados, Alemseged] Addis Ababa Univ, Dept Archaeol & Heritage Management, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Kahsay, Trhas Hadush] Addis Ababa Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Nash, Barbara P.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Nauss, Thomas; Miehe, Georg] Philipps Univ Marburg, Fac Geog, Marburg, Germany. [Negash, Agazi] Addis Ababa Univ, Paleoanthropol & Paleoenvironm Program, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Zech, Wolfgang] Univ Bayreuth, Inst Soil Sci & Soil Geog, Bayreuth, Germany. [Opgenoorth, Lars] Philipps Univ Marburg, Dept Ecol, Marburg, Germany. [Opgenoorth, Lars] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland. RP Ossendorf, G (corresponding author), Univ Cologne, Inst Prehist Archaeol, Cologne, Germany.; Groos, AR (corresponding author), Univ Bern, Inst Geog, Bern, Switzerland.; Glaser, B (corresponding author), Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg, Dept Soil Biogeochem, Halle, Saale, Germany. EM gossend1@uni-koeln.de; alexander.groos@giub.unibe.ch; bruno.glaser@landw.uni-halle.de RI Opgenoorth, Lars/C-9624-2018; Nauss, Thomas/H-7270-2013; Ossendorf, Gotz/ABA-4814-2020; akcar, Naki/C-1417-2008; Glaser, Bruno/ABC-1676-2021 OI Nauss, Thomas/0000-0003-3422-0960; Ossendorf, Gotz/0000-0002-6618-6544; akcar, Naki/0000-0002-5604-3179; Glaser, Bruno/0000-0002-3057-3868; Bromm, Tobias/0000-0001-5914-2917; Groos, Alexander Raphael/0000-0002-9379-0333 FU German Research Foundation (DFG)German Research Foundation (DFG) [2358]; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) [200021E-165446/1] FX This research was funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) in the framework of the joint Ethio-European DFG Research Unit 2358 "The Mountain Exile Hypothesis." Additional funding was provided by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF grant no. 200021E-165446/1). 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Evangelista, Paul H. Mengitsu, Tefera Leisz, Stephen TI Twenty-three years of forest cover change in protected areas under different governance strategies: A case study from Ethiopia's southern highlands SO LAND USE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Change detection; Conservation; Deforestation; Governance; Highlands; Landsat; Ownership; Random forests ID NYALA TRAGELAPHUS-BUXTONI; BALE-MOUNTAINS; LAND-USE; CONSERVATION; TRANSFORMATION; BIODIVERSITY; DYNAMICS; DEFORESTATION; DERIVATION; ECOSYSTEM AB Tropical deforestation has heightened the need for effective governance of protected areas aimed at conserving natural resources, biodiversity, and ecosystem services. The southern highlands of Ethiopia hold some of the largest expanses of contiguous tropical forest in Ethiopia. This area also is undergoing rapid land conversion. Multiple protected areas with different management strategies and objectives have been established, in part, to conserve forests and the ecosystem services they provide. We examined four types of protected areas; a national park, a state-run forest enterprise, two occupied privately leased hunting concessions, and two unoccupied hunting concessions, to evaluate their effectiveness at protecting forest cover. We used 1509 field plots with medium-resolution Landsat imagery from 1987 to 2015 to develop models of forest cover at approximately five-year time intervals. We found protected areas that were actively managed for timber production or hunting were more effective at conserving forest cover than the national park and the unoccupied hunting concessions. Over the study period, net forest cover change was -7.8% for the national park, 12.9% for the state-run forest enterprise, -0.2% and 13.3% for the occupied hunting concessions and -14.0% and -13.0% for the unoccupied hunting concessions. We also discuss how the change in forest cover relates to historic political events. In places like Ethiopia where the federal resources needed to conserve forests are limited, promoting a network that includes both federally and non-federally managed protected areas can result in more area and forests under protection. C1 [Young, Nicholas E.; Evangelista, Paul H.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, A223 NESB, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Mengitsu, Tefera] UNDP Minist Environm Forest & Climate Change, Inst Strengthening Forest Sector Dev Program, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Leisz, Stephen] Colorado State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. 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We tested the human shield hypothesis in a population of mountain nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni) subjected to predation from the nocturnal spotted hyena (Crocuta Crocuta) in the Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia by radio-marking 15 mountain nyala (seven females and eight males) and tracking them for up to 2yr. Occurrence of hyena estimated by faecal transects decreased close to human settlements substantiating the occurrence of a zone with lower risk of hyena predation. The diurnal pattern in the average distance between mountain nyala relocations and human settlements was consistent with the human shield hypothesis with significantly shorter distances during night (when exposed to predation) than during day. However, mountain nyala showed large individual heterogeneity in use of human shields. While nearly all individuals occasionally moved out of the park to human settlements during night, the frequency of such excursions varied from 0% to 71%. The excursions occurred year-round and were not driven by seasonal access to crops. We have previously demonstrated a strong negative effect of humans on the large-scale distribution pattern of mountain nyala. The use of human shield documented here is indicative of a positive small-scale effect of humans. Our study thus supports the view that the effect of human-wildlife interactions can be scale-dependent. C1 [Atickem, Anagaw; Stenseth, Nils Chr] Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, CEES, Oslo, Norway. [Loe, Leif Egil] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Ecol & Nat Resource Management, As, Norway. RP Loe, LE (corresponding author), Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Ecol & Nat Resource Management, As, Norway. EM leif.egil.loe@nmbu.no RI Loe, Leif Egil/M-5798-2016; Stenseth, Nils Chr./G-5212-2016 OI Loe, Leif Egil/0000-0003-4804-2253; Stenseth, Nils Chr./0000-0002-1591-5399 FU Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES); International Foundation for Science (IFS)International Foundation for Science FX We thank Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES) and International Foundation for Science (IFS) providing funding to purchase collars. We thank Saint Louis Zoo, Conservation des Especes et des Populations supporting the field work and the Ethiopian wildlife conservation authority for giving permission for the work. We are very grateful to Stuart Williams for his support in establishing this research. We also wish to thank three anonymous referees that greatly improved an earlier version of the manuscript. 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TI Habitat use by mountain nyala Tragelaphus buxtoni determined using stem bite diameters at point of browse, bite rates, and time budgets in the Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia SO CURRENT ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Behavioural indicators; Bite rates; Mountain nyala; Natural giving-up densities; Non-invasive techniques; Stem bite diameters; Vigilance ID PATCH USE; NUBIAN IBEX; SEX-DIFFERENCES; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; PREDATION RISK; VIGILANCE; SUITABILITY; PREFERENCE; SELECTION; ECOLOGY AB We studied the habitat use of mountain nyala Magelaphus buxtoni in the northern edge of the Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia. The aims of this study were to: (1) measure and quantify habitat-specific stem bite diameters of mountain nyala foraging on common natural plant species in two major habitat types (i.e. grasslands versus woodlands), and (2) quantify the bite rates (number of bites per minute) and the activity time budgets of mountain nyala as functions of habitat type and sex-age category. We randomly laid out three transects in each habitat type. Following each transect, through focal animal observations, we assessed and quantified stem diameters at point of browse (dpb), bite rates, and time budgets of mountain nyala in grasslands versus woodlands. Stern dpb provide a measure of natural giving-up densities (GUDs) and can be used to assess foraging costs and efficiencies, with greater stem dpb corresponding to lower costs and greater efficiencies. The results showed that stem dpb, bite rates, induced vigilance, and proportion of time spent in feeding differed between habitats. In particular, mountain nyala had greater stern dpb, higher bite rates, and spent a greater proportion of their time in feeding and less in induced vigilance in the grasslands. In addition, adult females had the highest bite rates, and the browse species Solanum marginatum had the greatest stem dpb. Generally, grasslands provide the mountain nyala with several advantages over the woodlands, including offering lower foraging costs, greater safety, and more time for foraging. The study advocates how behavioural indicators and natural GUDs are used to examine the habitat use of the endangered mountain nyala through applying non-invasive techniques. We conclude that the resulting measures are helpful for guiding conservation and management efforts and could be applicable to a number of endangered wildlife species including the mountain nyala. C1 [Tadesse, Solomon A.; Kotler, Burt P.] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Blaustein Inst Desert Res, Mitriani Dept Desert Ecol, IL-84990 Midreshet Ben Gurion, Israel. RP Tadesse, SA (corresponding author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Blaustein Inst Desert Res, Mitriani Dept Desert Ecol, IL-84990 Midreshet Ben Gurion, Israel. EM solomon.ayele11@yahoo.com RI Kotler, Burt P/F-1381-2012 OI Kotler, Burt P/0000-0003-2693-8788 FU State of Israel; Murelle Foundation (TMF) FX We are grateful to thank A. Girma and A. Abiso for their many hours of assistance in the fieldwork. P. Evangelista deserves to be much acknowledged for sharing with us his critical ideas and practical knowledge on mountain nyala and their habitats in Ethiopia. We would like to thank the Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources (WGCF-NR) for the vehicle and equipment support during the fieldwork. We express our heartfelt thanks to the staff of the Bale Mountains National Park in particular and the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority (EWCA) in general for their cooperation in permitting us to work on the endangered mountain nyala and their habitats. We also thank the editor-in- chief of Journal of Current Zoology and the two anonymous reviewers whose comments helped much to improve the manuscript. During this research, the State of Israel and The Murelle Foundation (TMF) provided financial assistance. 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Zool. PY 2013 VL 59 IS 6 BP 707 EP 717 DI 10.1093/czoolo/59.6.707 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 253OU UT WOS:000327099400002 OA gold, Green Submitted DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Berihu, T Girmay, G Sebhatleab, M Berhane, E Zenebe, A Sigua, GC AF Berihu, Tesfay Girmay, Gebreyohannes Sebhatleab, Mulugeta Berhane, Emiru Zenebe, Amanuel Sigua, Gilbert C. TI Soil carbon and nitrogen losses following deforestation in Ethiopia SO AGRONOMY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Land use; Land cover; Soil properties; Soil organic carbon; Carbon sequestration; Ethiopia ID LAND-USE CHANGE; ORGANIC-MATTER; BALE MOUNTAINS; VEGETATION; FOREST; STOCKS; CULTIVATION; HIGHLANDS AB Ethiopia faces high risk of soil carbon depletion for nearly half of its total land mass largely due to forest clearing and continuous cultivation. Conversion of natural ecosystems to cultivated agriculture resulted in losses of between 20 and 50% of the soil C stocks in the first meter of the soil depth. Dry Afromontane forests of northern Ethiopia have faced vast exploitation, and almost all these forests have been converted to agricultural lands affecting the functionality and stability of agroecosystem. Here, we studied the effect of land use-land cover changes on soil organic C, total N, and soil C sequestration. Specifically, (a) we characterized major soils of the Desa'a Dry Afromontane forest, northern Ethiopia, and (b) we analyzed the organic C and total N contents of soils with varying land use-land cover types of the Desa'a Dry Afromontane forest. Results show that soil organic C (1.9%) and total N (0.3%) were higher for the middle landscape position than that observed for the upper and lower landscape positions. Soil organic C that ranged from 1.2 in farmland to 2.3% in dense forest also varied with land use-land cover types. Concentration of soil organic C was different among dense forest (2.3%), open forest (1.7%), grazing land (1.6%), and farmland (1.2%). Due to the effect of land use-land cover types, soil total N varied from 0.2% in the farmland to 0.3% in the dense forest. The soil organic C and total nitrogen of the top and lower layer soils were 2.0 and 1.5 and 0.2 and 0.3%, respectively. The soil organic C sequestration for dense forest was significantly higher (48.5 t ha(-1)) than that of grassland, open forest, and farm land. The top soil sequestered higher soil organic C (44.9 t ha(-1)) than the lower soil layer. Thus, the top soil layers of dense forest at the middle landscape positions stored significant amount of soil organic carbon. C1 [Berihu, Tesfay; Girmay, Gebreyohannes; Sebhatleab, Mulugeta; Berhane, Emiru; Zenebe, Amanuel] Mekelle Univ, Dept Land Resources Management & Environm Protect, Mekelle, Ethiopia. [Zenebe, Amanuel] Mekelle Univ, Inst Climate & Soc, Mekelle, Ethiopia. [Sigua, Gilbert C.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soils Water & Plants Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. 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Sustain. Dev. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 37 IS 1 AR 1 DI 10.1007/s13593-016-0408-4 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Green & Sustainable Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EM0JM UT WOS:000395004600001 OA Green Published, Bronze DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Ketema, H Yimer, F AF Ketema, Haile Yimer, Fantaw TI Soil property variation under agroforestry based conservation tillage and maize based conventional tillage in Southern Ethiopia SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Agroforestry; Conservation tillage; Conventional tillage; Soil properties; Ages of land management ID LAND-USE TYPES; TOPOGRAPHIC ASPECT; EASTERN HIGHLANDS; ORGANIC-CARBON; BALE MOUNTAINS; NITROGEN; CULTIVATION; VEGETATION; MATTER AB With the objectives of assessing variations in selected soil properties, two tillage types: agroforestry based conservation tillage (AFCST) and maize based conventional tillage (MCVT) under three age categories (5, 10 and 15-years) were selected in Chichu and Haroresa Kebels, Dilla Zuria, Ethiopia. A total of 48 composite soil samples (4 replication x 2 tillage types x 3 age categories x 2 soil depth layers: 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm) were collected to analyze texture and soil organic carbon (SOC%). Addational undisturbed core samples were also collected to determine soil bulk density (g cm(-3)). Water infiltration capacity was also measured in the field using double ring infiltrometer. The results showed that clay and sand textural fractions significantly varied (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, respectively) with age of land management. Soil bulk density, soil moisture content (SMC), total porosity (P-t) and soil organic carbon (SOC) varied significantly with tillage types (p < 0.001) and soil depth (p < 0.001). Water infiltration (rate and cumulative) significantly varied (p < 0.001) with tillage types: higher in the AFCST than in the MCVT. Lower soil bulk density, higher soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil moisture content (SMC) were observed in the top 0-10 cm soil layer under the AFCST than in the MCVT. Soil bulk density and soil moisture content (SMC) increased while total porosity (Pt) and soil organic carbon (SOC) decreased with soil depth in both tillage types. Improvement in the soil properties under AFCST was due to higher soil organic matter (SOM) input and less soil disturbance. Thus, reducing the frequency of soil disturbance through application of conservation tillage would help to improve the soil quality. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ketema, Haile] Dilla Univ, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, Dept Nat Resource Management, Dilla, Ethiopia. [Yimer, Fantaw] Hawassa Univ, Wondo Genet Coll Forestry & Nat Resources, Shashemene, Ethiopia. RP Ketema, H (corresponding author), Dilla Univ, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, Dept Nat Resource Management, POB 419, Dilla, Ethiopia. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 141 BP 25 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.still.2014.03.011 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA AJ7OE UT WOS:000337885200004 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Ashenafi, ZT Leader-Williams, N Coulson, T AF Ashenafi, Zelealem Tefera Leader-Williams, Nigel Coulson, Tim TI Consequences of Human Land Use for an Afro-alpine Ecological Community in Ethiopia SO CONSERVATION & SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Afro-alpine; rodent; conservation; human use; indigenous resource management; Guassa; Ethiopia ID SMALL MAMMALS; ARVICANTHIS RODENTIA; BALE MOUNTAINS; SYSTEMATICS; DIVERSITY; STATE; KAROO AB The Guassa area of Menz in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia is an Afro-alpine ecological community with an indigenous resource management system. The local community harvest different resources including collecting grass and firewood from the Guassa area. Cattle and other livestock are also grazed in the Guassa area, especially during the dry season. Several sympatric species of endemic rodents dominate the small mammal ecological communities in the Guassa area, and form most of the diet of the endangered Ethiopian wolf. This study aimed to determine if current levels of resource use by the local community through the indigenous resource management system had any discernible effect on rodent community structure We that the structure of the rodent community differs between habitat types, and that different species of rodents show diurnal variations in their patterns of activity. We also found that populations of different species show variable responses to each type of resource use in different habitats; some species show increases in abundance in relation to use while others show decreases. Although the indigenous resource management system was not specifically designed to conserve wildlife, it has nevertheless allowed wildlife, specifically small mammals or rodent communities, to co-exist alongside the ongoing resource use by the local community. We conclude the Guassa area represents an interesting model of community-led resource management of an Afro-alpine habitat which supports populations of endemic and threatened species. C1 [Ashenafi, Zelealem Tefera; Coulson, Tim] Zool Soc London, London, England. [Ashenafi, Zelealem Tefera; Leader-Williams, Nigel] Univ Kent, Durrell Inst Conservat Ecol, Canterbury, Kent, England. [Ashenafi, Zelealem Tefera] Frankfurt Zool Soc, Frankfurt, Ethiopia. [Leader-Williams, Nigel] Univ Cambridge, Dept Geog, Cambridge CB2 3EN, England. [Coulson, Tim] Imperial Coll London, Dept Biol Sci, Ascot, Berks, England. RP Coulson, T (corresponding author), Zool Soc London, London, England. 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PD JUL-SEP PY 2012 VL 10 IS 3 BP 209 EP 216 DI 10.4103/0972-4923.101829 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Studies SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V31RU UT WOS:000208901500001 OA Green Submitted, hybrid, Green Published DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Tesfaye, Y Roos, A Bohlin, F AF Tesfaye, Yemiru Roos, Anders Bohlin, Folke TI Attitudes of local people towards collective action for forest management: the case of participatory forest management in Dodola area in the Bale Mountains, Southern Ethiopia SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Theory of planned behavior; Co-management; Perceptions; Collective action ID COMMUNITY-BASED CONSERVATION; PLANNED BEHAVIOR; PROTECTED AREAS; PERCEPTIONS; WILDLIFE; RESERVE; INDIA; NEPAL; DETERMINANTS; RESOURCES AB The theory of planned behaviour was applied to study the attitude and intention of households towards participating in collective forest management (tree planting) activity. Households were randomly selected from 22 forest user groups. The results indicate that the success of planting activities in terms of survival rate of seedlings has a strong effect in motivating households to participate in planting. Although households in general show a positive attitude and intention to participate in tree planting, there were significant differences among households on the basis of socio-economic characteristics. Dependence on crop income, possession of bigger farmlands and better physical assets, and higher education level are positively related to intention to participate in planting activity. On the other hand, dependence on forest income is negatively related to attitude and intention. A continuous exchange of ideas and information between user groups and the government counterparts that provide technical support and advice is recommended. C1 [Tesfaye, Yemiru; Roos, Anders; Bohlin, Folke] SLU, Dept Forest Prod, Uppsala, Sweden. RP Tesfaye, Y (corresponding author), SLU, Dept Forest Prod, Box 7060,Vallvagen 9A, Uppsala, Sweden. 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Conserv. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 21 IS 1 BP 245 EP 265 DI 10.1007/s10531-011-0181-2 PG 21 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 863TD UT WOS:000298190000016 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Wesche, K Miehe, G Kaeppeli, M AF Wesche, K Miehe, G Kaeppeli, M TI The significance of fire for afroalpine ericaceous vegetation SO MOUNTAIN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop of the German-Study-Group on High Mountain Ecology CY 1999 CL BERN, SWITZERLAND SP Univ Berne, Inst Geog DE Erica; fire ecology; tropical timberline; afroalpine environments; human impact; Uganda; Ethiopia AB This paper presents results from studies in 4 mountain regions in East Africa, 2 in Ethiopia (Simen Mountains, Bale Mountains), and 2 in Uganda (Rwenzori Mountains, Mount Elgon). The focus is on the ericaceous vegetation that forms the (upper) treeline ecotone at all sites. There is little evidence for climatic control of the patchy appearance of this belt in all afroalpine environments. Since traces of former fires were observed in all ranges, repeated burning is most probably responsible for the present appearance of the ericaceous vegetation in East Africa. The fires observed were almost exclusively lit by local people, who utilize the afroalpine zone for poaching, livestock grazing, and honey hunting. Although these fires are man-made and not strictly natural, they help to maintain a structurally and biologically diverse environment. C1 Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Geobot, D-06108 Halle, Saale, Germany. Univ Halle Wittenberg, Bot Garden, D-06108 Halle, Saale, Germany. Univ Marburg, Fac Geog, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. RP Wesche, K (corresponding author), Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Geobot, D-06108 Halle, Saale, Germany. 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Res. Dev. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 20 IS 4 BP 340 EP 347 DI 10.1659/0276-4741(2000)020[0340:TSOFFA]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 388FN UT WOS:000166166900010 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Kotov, AA Taylor, DJ AF Kotov, Alexey A. Taylor, Derek J. TI A new African lineage of the Daphnia obtusa group (Cladocera: Daphniidae) disrupts continental vicariance patterns SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cladocera; systematics; new species; COI; 12S; zoogeography ID AMERICAN DAPHNIA; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; CRUSTACEA; NORTH; BRANCHIOPODA; ANOMOPODA; GENUS; DIFFERENTIATION; ZOOPLANKTON; ENDEMISM AB The Daphnia (Daphnia) obtusa group (Cladocera: Daphniidae) is commonly studied, but there is little known of the affinities of African or Asian representatives. We found a new endemic obtusa-like taxon of Daphnia to be common in lakes, pools and puddles of the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia (3857-4100 m.a.s.l.). We provide a phylogenetic analysis using DNA sequences from two mitochondrial genes and a detailed morphological description of this species as Daphnia izpodvala sp. nov. Among the characters that separate D. izpodvala sp. nov. from other members of this group are a large ocular dome, bordered by a distinct pre-ocular and a deep post-ocular depression. The closest relative according to our genetic evidence is North American Daphnia pileata. However, several obtusa-like species remain unexamined. We also found two new lineages in Japan that appear to have no known close relatives. These Japanese species are likely to have been described in the nineteenth century and later falsely synonymized with D. obtusa or other species from Europe. Our results bolster the accumulating evidence for cladoceran regionalism but indicate that strict continental vicariance may not explain the biogeography of the D. obtusa complex. C1 [Kotov, Alexey A.] AN Severtsov Inst Ecol & Evoult, Moscow 119071, Russia. [Taylor, Derek J.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Biol Sci, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Kotov, AA (corresponding author), AN Severtsov Inst Ecol & Evoult, Leninsky Prospect 33, Moscow 119071, Russia. EM alexey-a-kotov@yandex.ru RI Kotov, Alexey A./B-1549-2010 OI Kotov, Alexey A./0000-0002-8863-6438 FU Joint Ethio-Russian Biological Expedition (JERBE); Russian Foundation for Basic ResearchRussian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) [09-04-00201-a]; Presidium of Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Academy of Sciences [1.1.6]; Russian Science Support FoundationRussian Science Foundation (RSF); National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-0331095] FX This work was supported by the Joint Ethio-Russian Biological Expedition (JERBE), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant 09-04-00201-a for A.A.K.), "Biodiversity" Program of the Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences (grant 1.1.6 for A.A.K.), Russian Science Support Foundation (for A.A.K.) and a National Science Foundation grant (DEB-0331095). 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TI Persistence and stability of Eastern Afromontane forests: evidence from brevicipitid frogs SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Africa; ancestral area reconstruction; biogeography; Brevicipitidae; diversification models; diversification rates; Eastern Afromontane; forest persistence; phylogenetic diversity; radiation ID AMPHIBIA ANURA BREVICIPITIDAE; AFRICAN BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT; ARC MOUNTAINS; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS; LATE PLEISTOCENE; BALE MOUNTAINS; RAIN-FORESTS; CONSERVATION; DIVERSITY; TANZANIA AB Aim The persistence and stability of habitats through time are considered predictors of high levels of biodiversity in some environments. Long-term habitat persistence and stability may explain the species-rich, endemic forest fauna and flora of the Eastern Afromontane Biodiversity Region (EABR). Using complementary phylogenetic and biogeographical approaches, we examine evolutionary patterns in EABR brevicipitid frogs. Using these data, we test whether brevicipitid history reflects patterns of long-term forest persistence and/or stability across the EABR. Location East Africa. Methods A dated phylogeny for brevicipitids was constructed using two nuclear and three mitochondrial markers. Alternative diversification models were used to determine signal for constant or varying net diversification rates. Using our dated tree, we identified areas of high phylogenetic diversity (PD), and inferred ancestral areas using likelihood and Bayesian approaches. Results Brevicipitids have a long history, with generic diversification among extant lineages pre-dating the Oligocene (> 33 Ma). Ancestral-area reconstructions indicate the presence of brevicipitids in the EABR since the Oligocene, and support a scenario of palaeoendemics surviving in EABR refugia. Ancestral-area reconstructions indicate that the central Eastern Arc Mountains (EAM) formed the initial centre of diversification of forest brevicipitids. Measures of PD show that diversity varies across the EABR but is highest in the EAM. Constant net diversification rate in brevicipitids is a significantly better fit than alternative, rate-variable models. Main conclusions The degree of persistence of forest habitats appears to be a contributing factor to the varying levels of diversity across the EABR in brevicipitids (and other organisms). In contrast to the Southern Highlands and Ethiopian Bale Mountains, the EAM stands out as an area that enabled the constant accumulation of brevicipitid species over a long period of time. C1 [Loader, Simon P.; Ceccarelli, F. Sara] Univ Basel, Dept Environm Sci, Biogeog Res Grp, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. [Menegon, Michele] MUSE Museo Sci Trento, Trop Biodivers sect, I-38123 Trento, Italy. [Howell, Kim M.] Univ Dar Es Salaam, Dept Zool Marine Biol & Wildlife Conservat, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Kassahun, Roman] Ethiopian Wildlife Conservat Author, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Mengistu, Abebe A.] Adama Sci & Technol Univ, Sch Nat Sci, Nazareth, Ethiopia. [Saber, Samy A.] Al Azhar Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Zool, Assiut, Egypt. [Gebresenbet, Fikirte] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [de Sa, Rafael] Univ Richmond, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. [Davenport, Tim R. B.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Zanzibar, Tanzania. [Larson, Joanna G.] Harvard Univ, Museum Comparat Zool, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Mueller, Hendrik] Univ Jena, Inst Spezielle Zool, D-07743 Jena, Germany. [Mueller, Hendrik] Univ Jena, Evolut Biol Phyletischem Museum, D-07743 Jena, Germany. [Wilkinson, Mark; Gower, David J.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Life Sci, London SW7 5BD, England. RP Loader, SP (corresponding author), Univ Basel, Dept Environm Sci, Biogeog Res Grp, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. EM simon.loader@unibas.ch RI Mueller, Hendrik/B-4979-2010; de Sa, Rafael Omar/AAK-1409-2021; Ceccarelli, F. Sara/L-3208-2019 OI Mueller, Hendrik/0000-0001-6764-7376; Loader, Simon/0000-0003-4162-0575 FU NERC studentshipUK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NER/S/A/2000/3366]; Systematics Association; Swiss National Science FoundationSwiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)European Commission [31003A-133067]; NHM Museum Research Fund; Percy Sladen Memorial Fund; Volkswagen Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship [I/82 772]; DAPFT grant; Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology Putnam Expedition Grant; Fulbright Fellowship; award NSF [DEB-1144692]; Biomedizin-Naturwissenschaft-Forschung; National Geographic Expedition Grant (CRE Grant) [8532-08]; Conservation Leadership Program; Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority; University of Basel; European Union Synthesys project; Natural History Museum London; Stipendienkommission fur Nachwuchskrafte aus Entwicklungslandern, Basel FX For advice, help with fieldwork, permits for research and export in Tanzania, we thank (in no particular order) the Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology (COS-TECH research permit RCA 2001-272; RCA 2007-153, RCA 2009-306-NA-2009-201, 2011-239-NA-2011-82), Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute (TAWIRI), and the Wildlife Division. This work was funded by various organizations, including a NERC studentship (NER/S/A/2000/3366) to S. P. L., grants from the Systematics Association to S. P. L., from the Swiss National Science Foundation (31003A-133067) to S. P. L., from the NHM Museum Research Fund to D. G., M. W. and S. P. L., from the Percy Sladen Memorial Fund to M. W., from the Volkswagen Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship (I/82 772) to H. M., a DAPFT grant to S. P. L., M. W., D. G. and H. M., a Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology Putnam Expedition Grant to H. M., and a Fulbright Fellowship to J.G.L.; R.d.S. was supported by award NSF DEB-1144692; S. C. is supported by the Biomedizin-Naturwissenschaft-Forschung. Fieldwork in Ethiopia in 2006, 2008 and 2009 was supported in part by a National Geographic Expedition Grant (CRE Grant #8532-08) and the Conservation Leadership Program. The following bodies also funded surveys and lab work: Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority, University of Basel, European Union Synthesys project (A. M.), The Natural History Museum London (D.J.G., S. P. L.) and Stipendienkommission fur Nachwuchskrafte aus Entwicklungslandern, Basel (A. M.). Krystal Tolley is thanked for critical comments that improved the manuscript. 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During any given year, births in packs of one subpopulation coincided closely but were out of synchrony with those in a nearby subpopulation. From this we infer the existence of a mechanism for synchronizing breeding locally. We suggest that mating synchrony helps breeding females to reduce the capacity of dominant males to intersperse, monopolizing them with philandering. C1 Dept Zool, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. RP Sillero-Zubiri, C (corresponding author), Dept Zool, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. 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Mammal. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 79 IS 3 BP 853 EP 858 DI 10.2307/1383093 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 114TJ UT WOS:000075624900016 OA Bronze DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Admasu, E Thirgood, SJ Bekele, A Laurenson, MK AF Admasu, E Thirgood, SJ Bekele, A Laurenson, MK TI Spatial ecology of white-tailed mongoose in farmland in the Ethiopian Highlands SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ethiopia; farmland; habitat use; Ichneumia albicauda; range size; social organization ID GALERELLA-PULVERULENTA; SOLITARY MONGOOSE; BEHAVIOR; SURVIVAL; REPRODUCTION; DISPERSION; SERENGETI; SOCIALITY; CARNIVORE; EVOLUTION AB The spatial ecology of the white-tailed mongoose Ichneumia albicauda was studied during November 1998 to February 2000 on farmland adjacent to the Bale Mountains National Park in southern Ethiopia. Four male and one female white-tailed mongooses were captured and radiotagged. The average range size was 3.2 km(2) for three adult males and 2.6 km(2) for the female which is larger than previously recorded in savannah habitat. Asymptotic range size was reached at approximately 50 locations for the males and twenty locations for the female. The ranges of the three adult male mongooses overlapped on average only 2% whereas the single female range overlapped with two adjacent males by 81 and 25%, respectively. Twenty per cent of mongoose sightings were of groups that consisted of a male and female. Diurnal resting sites were found amongst rocks or in empty buildings. The mongooses foraged on grassy areas within woodland and bush during nocturnal activity periods. We conclude that white-tailed mongoose social organization in this agricultural landscape was similar to other solitary mongooses and was characterized by a mosaic of exclusive male ranges overlapping a separate mosaic of smaller female ranges. C1 Ethiopian Wolf Conservat Programme, Robe, Ethiopia. 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J. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 42 IS 2 BP 153 EP 159 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2028.2004.00498.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 825VW UT WOS:000221787700010 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Yahya, N Bekele, T Gardi, O Blaser, J AF Yahya, Nesibu Bekele, Tesfaye Gardi, Oliver Blaser, Jurgen TI Forest cover dynamics and its drivers of the Arba Gugu forest in the Eastern highlands of Ethiopia during 1986 - 2015 SO REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS-SOCIETY AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Deforestation; Ecosystem services; Afforestation ID LAND-USE CHANGE; BALE MOUNTAINS; SURFACE RUNOFF; DEFORESTATION; POPULATION; IMPACT; MANAGEMENT; LANDSCAPE AB Change in forest cover can affect both ecological and socio-economic systems. In order to understand the dynamics of this process, accurate and spatially explicit information is urgently required. Quantifying the past forest cover change of Arba Gugu forest of Ethiopia has been lacking despite its significance in formulating effective forest conservation and management policy and strategy in the area. This study was intended to quantify the dynamics of forest cover over a period of 29 years (1986-2015) and to identify related driving forces or causal mechanisms. Satellite images of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) were used for the year 1986 and 1999. For the year 2015, the latest Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensor of Landsat was used. The three images were classified using the random forest algorithm of the supervised classification technique. In addition, focus group discussions were conducted with three groups (a youth group from both sexes within 15-24 age range, a landowner group from women and a landowner group from men) in two highly deforested and two low deforested villages to explore drivers of deforestation. The results depicted that, the landscape encompasses stable non-forestland (54.6%) and stable forestland (13.9%) which were not converted since 1986 up to 2015. The remaining 31.5% experienced changes, of which 23% was converted from forest to non-forest and the rest (8.5%) transitioned from non-forest to forest class. The forest cover declined from 99,416 ha in 1986 to 60,334 ha in 2015. The rates of net-deforestation were 1.6% year 1 and 1.4% year 1 in the period 1986-1999 and 1999-2015, respectively. The most commonly reported drivers of deforestation were logging (39.1%) and farm expansion (36.8%). Thus, establishing a continuous forest monitoring system after formulating site-specific forest conservation plan is important. C1 [Yahya, Nesibu; Bekele, Tesfaye] Ethiopian Environm & Forest Res Inst, POB 30708,Code 1000, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Gardi, Oliver] Bern Univ Appl Sci, Sch Agr Forest & Food Sci, Laenggasse 85, CH-3052 Zollikofen, Switzerland. [Blaser, Jurgen] Bern Univ Appl Sci, Sch Agr Forest & Food Sci, Buchzopfen 9, CH-3250 Lyss, Switzerland. RP Yahya, N (corresponding author), Ethiopian Environm & Forest Res Inst, POB 30708,Code 1000, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM sof.swt@gmail.com; tesbek7@gmail.com; oliver.gardi@bfh.ch; juergen.blaser@bfh.ch FU Swizz Development Corporations (SDC) through AFF -HAFL (African Forest Forum -Bern University of Applied Sciences, HAFL) scholarship program FX The Swizz Development Corporations (SDC) funded this research through AFF -HAFL (African Forest Forum -Bern University of Applied Sciences, HAFL) scholarship program. We thank SDC, AFF, HAFL as well as the Ethiopian Environment and Forest Research Institute (EEFRI) for the valuable support in providing logistics and technical assistance for this research. Special thanks go to local experts and farmers in the study area for their participation and time. We also thank Dr. Karin Zbinden and Dr. Alemayehu Negassa for their technical assistance on the social part of this work. We are grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. 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Appl.-Soc. Environ. PD NOV PY 2020 VL 20 AR 100378 DI 10.1016/j.rsase.2020.100378 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA SH7XE UT WOS:000654346100004 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Foerster, V Vogelsang, R Junginger, A Asrat, A Lamb, HF Schaebitz, F Trauth, MH AF Foerster, Verena Vogelsang, Ralf Junginger, Annett Asrat, Asfawossen Lamb, Henry F. Schaebitz, Frank Trauth, Martin H. TI Environmental change and human occupation of southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya during the last 20,000 years SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Archeology; Paleoclimate; African humid period; Push factor; Adaption; Migration; Hunter-gatherers; Foragers; Pastoralism; Chew Bahir ID AFRICAN HUMID PERIOD; LAKE TURKANA; STONE-AGE; EASTERN AFRICA; LATE PLEISTOCENE; BALE MOUNTAINS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GODA BUTICHA; RIFT-VALLEY; HOLOCENE AB Our understanding of the impact of climate-driven environmental change on prehistoric human populations is hampered by the scarcity of continuous paleoenvironmental records in the vicinity of archaeological sites. Here we compare a continuous paleoclimatic record of the last 20 ka before present from the Chew Bahir basin, southwest Ethiopia, with the available archaeological record of human presence in the region. The correlation of this record with orbitally-driven insolation variations suggests a complex nonlinear response of the environment to climate forcing, reflected in several long-term and short-term transitions between wet and dry conditions, resulting in abrupt changes between favorable and unfavorable living conditions for humans. Correlating the archaeological record in the surrounding region of the Chew Bahir basin, presumably including montane and lake-marginal refugia for human populations, with our climate record suggests a complex interplay between humans and their environment during the last 20 ka. The result may contribute to our understanding of how a dynamic environment may have impacted the adaptation and dispersal of early humans in eastern Africa. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Foerster, Verena; Trauth, Martin H.] Univ Potsdam, Inst Earth & Environm Sci, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Vogelsang, Ralf] Univ Cologne, Inst Prehist Archaeol, D-50969 Cologne, Germany. [Junginger, Annett] Univ Tubingen, Dept Earth Sci, Senckenberg Ctr Human Evolut & Palaeoenvironm HEP, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. [Asrat, Asfawossen] Univ Addis Ababa, Sch Earth Sci, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Lamb, Henry F.] Aberystwyth Univ, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3DB, Dyfed, Wales. [Schaebitz, Frank] Univ Cologne, Seminar Geog & Educ, D-50931 Cologne, Germany. RP Foerster, V (corresponding author), Univ Potsdam, Inst Earth & Environm Sci, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. EM Verena.Foerster@geo.uni-potsdam.de RI Trauth, Martin H/A-6293-2008; Schabitz, Frank/ABE-5116-2020; Junginger, Annett/A-1909-2017 OI Trauth, Martin H/0000-0001-5164-7267; Schabitz, Frank/0000-0003-3879-9308; Junginger, Annett/0000-0003-3486-0888; Foerster, Verena/0000-0002-3480-5769; Lamb, Henry/0000-0003-0025-0766 FU CRCAustralian GovernmentDepartment of Industry, Innovation and ScienceCooperative Research Centres (CRC) Programme [806]; International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) [TR 419/9-1, TR 419/9-2, SCHA 472/18-1, SCHA 472/18-2]; German Science Foundation (DFG)German Research Foundation (DFG); Natural Environment Research CouncilUK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/K014560/1] Funding Source: researchfish FX We thank Addis Ababa University for support in the realization of the Chew Bahir field campaign in difficult terrain. We are also grateful to our colleagues from the Universities of Cologne and Potsdam for their lab support and fruitful discussions. Most of all we are much obliged to Bernd Wagner, Finn Viehberg and Nicole Stroncik for providing valuable advice. We would also like to thank Steven Brandt, Elisabeth Hildebrand, Friederike Jesse, Birgit Keding, Josephine Lesur and Clement Menard for their constant readiness to answer our questions and their participation in discussions. We thank the two anonymous reviewers whose comments and helpful suggestions greatly improved the manuscript. The work is part of a pilot study to the Hominin Sites and Paleolakes Drilling Project (HSPDP) in the framework of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP). This work presented here is supported by the CRC 806 and the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) (grant numbers TR 419/9-1,2 and SCHA 472/18-1,2). We thank the German Science Foundation (DFG) for funding these projects. 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Serbezov, Dimitar Bekele, Afework Stenseth, Nils Chr TI Population genetic structure and connectivity in the endangered Ethiopian mountain Nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni): recommending dispersal corridors for future conservation SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Mountain Nyala; Landscape genetics; Isolation by distance; Dispersal corridors; Gene flow; Least-cost path ID MICROSATELLITE NULL ALLELES; SEX-BIASED DISPERSAL; COST PATH MODEL; BALE-MOUNTAINS; NATIONAL-PARK; FAUNAL COLLAPSE; GAME RESERVES; LANDSCAPE; INFERENCE; SOFTWARE AB Habitat fragmentation is an increasing threat to wildlife species across the globe and it has been predicted that future biodiversity will decrease rapidly without the intervention of scientifically-based management. In this study we have applied a landscape genetics approach to suggest a network design that will maintain connectivity among populations of the endangered mountain Nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni) in the fragmented highlands of Ethiopia. DNA was obtained non-invasively from 328 individuals and genetic population structure and gene flow were estimated using 12 microsatellite markers. In addition, a 475-bp segment of the mitochondrial control region was sequenced for 132 individuals. Potential dispersal corridors were determined from least-cost path analysis based on a habitat suitability map. The genetic data indicated limited gene flow between the sampled mountain Nyala populations of the Bale Massif and the Arsi Massif. The genetic differentiation observed among five sampling areas of the Bale Massif followed a pattern of isolation by distance. We detected no impact of habitat resistance on the gene flow. In the future, however, the current expanding human population in the highlands of Ethiopia may reduce the current mountain Nyala habitat and further limit migration. Hence, maintaining habitat connectivity and facilitating survival of stepping-stone populations will be important for the future conservation of the species. The approach used here may also be useful for the study and conservation of other wildlife species inhabiting areas of increasing human encroachment. C1 [Atickem, Anagaw; Rueness, Eli K.; Serbezov, Dimitar; Stenseth, Nils Chr] Univ Oslo, Dept Biosci, CEES, Dept Biol, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Loe, Leif E.] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Ecol & Nat Resource Management, N-1432 As, Norway. [Bekele, Afework] Univ Addis Ababa, Dept Biol, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Stenseth, NC (corresponding author), Univ Oslo, Dept Biosci, CEES, Dept Biol, POB 1066, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. EM n.c.stenseth@bio.uio.no RI Loe, Leif Egil/M-5798-2016; Stenseth, Nils Chr./G-5212-2016 OI Loe, Leif Egil/0000-0003-4804-2253; Stenseth, Nils Chr./0000-0002-1591-5399 FU Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES) at the University of Oslo; Saint Louis Zoo Conservation; Rufford Small Grants for Nature Conservation FX This research was funded by Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES) at the University of Oslo. We are grateful to Saint Louis Zoo Conservation and Rufford Small Grants for Nature Conservation for their financial support to fieldwork and the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority for permitting this research. 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Genet. PD APR PY 2013 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 427 EP 438 DI 10.1007/s10592-013-0450-6 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 119DD UT WOS:000317076500016 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Tiercelin, JJ Gibert, E Umer, M Bonnefille, R Disnar, JR Lezine, AM Hureau-Mazaudier, D Travi, Y Keravis, D Lamb, HF AF Tiercelin, J. -J. Gibert, E. Umer, M. Bonnefille, R. Disnar, J. -R. Lezine, A. -M. Hureau-Mazaudier, D. Travi, Y. Keravis, D. Lamb, H. F. 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The land use/ land cover change was determined by interpreting the 1985, 1995, 2005 and 2017 Landsat images with ArcGIS 10.3, and the selected landscape structural metrics was analyzed using FRAGSTATS 4.2.1. All land cover classes showed a declining trend, except the farmland, and grassland depicted the highest area reduction. From 1985 to 2017 grassland, Erica, forestland, and afro-alpine were decreased by 9.36 %, 0.26 %, 0.06 %, and 0.01 %, respectively. Whereas, farmland was increased by 43.67 %. The study area was characterized as progressively fragmented since it was signified by the escalated value of patch number (40.22 %), area-weighted mean shape index (18.84 %), and edge density (22.27 %) and a declined value of mean patch size (28.68 %) and core area (10.60 %) over the study period. Considering this result, there was a high loss in area available for core dependent species, particularly for Mountain nyala in the grasslands and woodlands, Ethiopian wolf in afro-alpine regions, and Bale monkey in the bamboo forest. Both forestland and grassland need a conservation priority since these habitats were the most fragmented and habitat lost area. C1 [Muhammed, Annissa; Elias, Eyasu] Addis Ababa Univ, Coll Nat & Computat Sci, Ctr Environm Sci, POB 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Muhammed, Annissa] Arsi Univ, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Dept Nat Resource Management, POB 193, Assela, Ethiopia. RP Muhammed, A (corresponding author), Addis Ababa Univ, Coll Nat & Computat Sci, Ctr Environm Sci, POB 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Muhammed, A (corresponding author), Arsi Univ, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Dept Nat Resource Management, POB 193, Assela, Ethiopia. EM annissamuhammed@gmail.com OI Ahmedin, Annissa/0000-0003-3004-4728 FU Addis Ababa University; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia FX This work was supported by Addis Ababa University and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 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Designing effective conservation strategies requires an understanding of the socioecological context and people's preferences towards conservation programs. This study investigates preferences of rural residents for management options defined by conservation program attributes to protect the endangered Ethiopian wolf, Canis simensis, in the Bale Mountains National Park of Ethiopia. The conservation program attributes examined include population targets for the Ethiopian wolf, increases in the size of the protected habitat area, monitoring outposts, local participation in monitoring, and provision of financial incentives to the local residents. Using a scale extended latent class model, we analyse choice experiment data collected from households living inside, adjacent to and outside the park. We find that preferences for the conservation programs are heterogeneous. Proximity to the park and park associated livelihoods influence residents' preference for the conservation programs. A significant proportion of residents, predominantly agro-pastoralists, prefer increases in the population of the Ethiopian wolf and receiving financial incentives from wolf-related tourism. Addressing local livelihood interests, and promoting alternative livestock management strategies among rural residents, would help ensure tolerance to and the recovery of the wolf population. C1 [Estifanos, Tafesse Kefyalew; Pandit, Ram; Hailu, Atakelty; Burton, Michael] Univ Western Australia, UWA Sch Agr & Environm, Agr & Resource Econ, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Polyakov, Maksym] Univ Western Australia, UWA Sch Agr & Environm, Ctr Environm Econ & Policy, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Estifanos, Tafesse Kefyalew] Hawassa Univ, Dept Biol, POB 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia. [Pandit, Ram] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Global Food Resources, Kita Ku, Kita 15,Nishi 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600815, Japan. RP Estifanos, TK (corresponding author), Univ Western Australia, UWA Sch Agr & Environm M089, Agr & Resource Econ, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. EM tafesse.estifanos@research.uwa.edu.au RI ; Hailu, Atakelty/G-1687-2010 OI Pandit, Ram/0000-0003-4053-5694; Hailu, Atakelty/0000-0002-1024-7520; Polyakov, Maksym/0000-0002-0193-6658; burton, michael/0000-0003-4213-4093 FU Australian Government Research Training ProgramAustralian Government; Graduate Research School Travel Award, University of Western Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental DecisionsAustralian Research Council FX This research was financially supported by the Australian Government Research Training Program, Graduate Research School Travel Award, University of Western Australia, and the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions. The authors are grateful to the Bale Mountains National Park staff, Frankfurt Zoological Society (FZS), and field assistants for their support during the fieldwork. Our gratitude extends to Hawassa University in Ethiopia for their administrative and logistic support during the fieldwork. Thanks are also due to Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority for permitting the fieldwork and to the villagers who participated in the survey. 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Econ. PD MAR PY 2020 VL 169 AR 106511 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.106511 PG 15 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA KH9FD UT WOS:000510953600018 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Kidane, YO Steinbauer, MJ Beierkuhnlein, C AF Kidane, Yohannes O. Steinbauer, Manuel Jonas Beierkuhnlein, Carl TI Dead end for endemic plant species? A biodiversity hotspot under pressure SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Elevational gradients; Tropical mountains; Sky islands; Range shifts; Endemism; Extinction ID BALE MOUNTAINS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EVOLUTIONARY RESPONSES; ELEVATIONAL GRADIENTS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; VASCULAR PLANTS; OCEANIC ISLAND; LA-PALMA; RICHNESS; ALTITUDE AB Tropical high mountains are hosting important hot spots of biodiversity on small mostly remote areas. Recently, these precious ecosystems are under threat from land use change and climate change coupled with other local drivers of biodiversity loss. Along the East African Afroalpine ecosystems, area above the treeline have experienced long-term spatial isolation and extreme climatic conditions (climatic factors such as low mean temperature, diurnal freeze-thaw cycles and other energy-related factors) which lead to the formation of "Sky Island" like ecosystems that are rich in endemics and unique. The Bale Mountains of Ethiopia are home to the largest tropical alpine plateau in Africa, with no spacious high summits that provide space for upward shift of species. Here, we studied plant species diversity and distribution patterns and tested potential future impacts of climate change induced warming on those patterns. This study is based on distribution data acquired from nested circular plots along an elevational gradient ranging from 2000m asl to the highest elevation (4385 m asl). We find hump shaped species richness patterns on both aspects, i.e. the dry north-eastern and the wet monsoon exposed south-western escarpment. In addition, the proportion of endemic species increases monotonically towards the summit on all slopes. Based on our data and literature, we project future climate impact for three regional warming scenarios (+2 degrees C, + 3 degrees C and + 4 degrees C). We quantify the future range of 114 endemic plant species based on their current occurrence records applying a lapse rate of 0.6 degrees C per 100 m of elevation. We find that future climate change would significantly alter species distribution patterns with pronounced impact on the unique ecosystems and endemic species restricted to the afroalpine plateau. Very likely this will be leading to the extinction of many endemic species. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kidane, Yohannes O.; Beierkuhnlein, Carl] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Biogeog, Bayreuth, Germany. [Steinbauer, Manuel Jonas] Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg FAU, Dept Geog & Geosci, GeoZentrum Nordbayern, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. [Beierkuhnlein, Carl] Bayreuth Ctr Ecol & Environm Res BayCEER, Bayreuth, Germany. [Beierkuhnlein, Carl] GIB, Bayreuth, Germany. RP Kidane, YO (corresponding author), Univ Bayreuth, Dept Biogeog, Bayreuth, Germany. EM Yohannes-kidane@hotmail.com FU UK based Rufford Small Grants Foundation; European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme through the project ECOPOTENTIAL [641762] FX We express gratitude to the UK based Rufford Small Grants Foundation for financially supporting the field work, travel and material purchases. Furthermore, this study has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme through the project ECOPOTENTIAL under grant agreement No 641762. 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PD JUL PY 2019 VL 19 AR e00670 DI 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00670 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA IM0RE UT WOS:000477695200023 OA Green Published, gold DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Milishnikov, AN Lavrenchenko, LA Aniskin, VM Varshavskii, AA AF Milishnikov, AN Lavrenchenko, LA Aniskin, VM Varshavskii, AA TI Allozyme variability among populations of three species of brush-furred mice (Lophuromys, rodentia, muridae) from the Bale Mountains National Park (Ethiopia) SO RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF GENETICS LA English DT Article ID GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; BIOGEOGRAPHY; DIVERSITY; SHREW AB Allozyme variability was examined in populations of three endemic species of the species complex Lophuromys flavopunctatus sensu lato: L. chrysopus, L. brevicaudus, and L. melanonyx. These species replace each other in adjacent altitudinal belts of the Bale Massif in Ethiopia. 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Karen Malcolm, James R. Marino, Jorgelina Regassa, Fekede Stewart, Anne-Marie E. Fooks, Anthony R. Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio TI Canine Distemper in Endangered Ethiopian Wolves SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DOMESTIC DOGS; RABIES; EPIDEMIC; DISEASE; CONSERVATION; PATHOLOGY; DYNAMICS; THREATS; LIONS; RISK AB The Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis) is the world's rarest canid; approximate to 500 wolves remain. The largest population is found within the Bale Mountains National Park (BMNP) in southeastern Ethiopia, where conservation efforts have demonstrated the negative effect of rabies virus on wolf populations. We describe previously unreported infections with canine distemper virus (CDV) among these wolves during 2005-2006 and 2010. Death rates ranged from 43% to 68% in affected subpopulations and were higher for subadult than adult wolves (83%-87% vs. 34%-39%). 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[Regassa, Fekede] Ethiopian Wildlife Conservat Author, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Fooks, Anthony R.] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. RP Banyard, AC (corresponding author), Anim & Plant Hlth Agcy, Woodham Lane, Weybridge KT15 3NB, Surrey, England. EM ashley.banyard@apha.gsi.gov.uk RI Joka, Fekede Regassa/ABC-5872-2020; Banyard, Ashley/C-7998-2011; Fooks, Anthony R/F-5418-2010 OI Joka, Fekede Regassa/0000-0001-9510-3309; Banyard, Ashley/0000-0002-1286-9825; FU Born Free Foundation; Wildlife Conservation Network FX The Ethiopian Wolf Conservation Programme is chiefly funded by the Born Free Foundation and the Wildlife Conservation Network. 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Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2015 VL 21 IS 5 BP 824 EP 832 DI 10.3201/eid2105.141920 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CG9BW UT WOS:000353610400011 PM 25898177 OA Green Published, Green Submitted, gold DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Lemma, B Bittner, L Glaser, B Kebede, S Nemomissa, S Zech, W Zech, M AF Lemma, Bruk Bittner, Lucas Glaser, Bruno Kebede, Seifu Nemomissa, Sileshi Zech, Wolfgang Zech, Michael TI delta H-2(n-alkane) and delta O-18(sugar) biomarker proxies from leaves and topsoils of the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia, and implications for paleoclimate reconstructions SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE n-Alkane; Hydrogen– 2; Sugar; Oxygen– 18; Evapotranspirative enrichment; Paleo– hygrometer AB The hydrogen isotopic composition of leaf wax-derived n-alkane (delta H-2(n-alkane)) and oxygen isotopic composition of hemicellulose-derived sugar (delta O-18(sugar)) biomarkers are valuable proxies for paleoclimate reconstructions. Here, we present a calibration study along the Bale Mountains in Ethiopia to evaluate how accurately and precisely the isotopic composition of precipitation is imprinted in these biomarkers. n-Alkanes and sugars were extracted from the leaf and topsoil samples and compound-specific delta H-2(n-alkane) and delta O-18(sugar) values were measured using a gas chromatograph-thermal conversion-isotope ratio mass spectrometer (GC-TC-IRMS). The weighted mean delta H-2(n-alkane) and delta O-18(sugar) values range from - 186 to - 89 parts per thousand and from + 27 to + 46 parts per thousand, respectively. Degradation and root inputs did not appear to alter the isotopic composition of the biomarkers in the soil samples analyzed. Yet, the delta H-2(n-alkane) values show a statistically significant species dependence and delta O-18(sugar) yielded the same species-dependent trends. The reconstructed leaf water of Erica arborea and Erica trimera is H-2- and O-18-enriched by + 55 +/- 5 and + 9 +/- 1 parts per thousand, respectively, compared to precipitation. By contrast, Festuca abyssinica reveals the most negative delta H-2(n-alkane) and least positive delta O-18(sugar) values. This can be attributed to "signal-dampening" caused by basal grass leaf growth. The intermediate values for Alchemilla haumannii and Helichrysum splendidum can be likely explained with plant physiological differences or microclimatic conditions affecting relative humidity (RH) and thus RH-dependent leaf water isotope enrichment. While the actual RH values range from 69 to 82% (x = 80 +/- 3.4%), the reconstructed RH values based on a recently suggested coupled delta H-2(n-alkane) -delta O-18(sugar) (paleo-) hygrometer approach yielded a mean of 78 +/- 21%. Our findings corroborate (i) that vegetation changes, particularly in terms of grass versus non-grassy vegetation, need to be considered in paleoclimate studies based on delta H-2(n-alkane) and delta O-18(sugar) records and (ii) that the coupled delta H-2(n-alkane) -delta O-18(sugar) (paleo-) hygrometer approach holds great potential for deriving additional paleoclimatic information compared to single isotope approaches. C1 [Lemma, Bruk; Glaser, Bruno; Zech, Michael] Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Agron & Nutrit Sci, Soil Biogeochem, Von Seckendorff Pl 3, D-06120 Halle, Germany. [Lemma, Bruk] Ethiopian Biodivers Inst, Forest & Rangeland Biodivers Directorate, POB 0726, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Bittner, Lucas; Zech, Michael] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Geog, Helmholtzstr 10, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. [Kebede, Seifu] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Agr Earth & Environm Sci, Ctr Water Resources Res, ZA-3021 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. [Nemomissa, Sileshi] Addis Ababa Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Biodivers Management, POB 3434, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Zech, Wolfgang] Univ Bayreuth, Inst Soil Sci & Soil Geog, Univ Str 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. RP Lemma, B (corresponding author), Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Agron & Nutrit Sci, Soil Biogeochem, Von Seckendorff Pl 3, D-06120 Halle, Germany. EM bruklemma@gmail.com; lucas.bittner@tu-dresden.de; bruno.glaser@landw.uni-halle.de; seifukebede@yahoo.com; snemomissa@gmail.com; w.zech@uni-bayreuth.de; michael_zech@gmx.de RI Glaser, Bruno/ABC-1676-2021 OI Glaser, Bruno/0000-0002-3057-3868; Lemma, Bruk/0000-0002-9943-2158 FU Projekt DEAL; German Research Foundation within the DFG Research Unit 'The Mountain Exile Hypothesis' [DFG: ZE 844/10-1, GL 327/18-1, GL 327/18-2, ZE 154/70-1, ZE 154/70-2]; DFGGerman Research Foundation (DFG)European Commission FX Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. This research work was funded by the German Research Foundation within the DFG Research Unit 'The Mountain Exile Hypothesis' (DFG: ZE 844/10-1, GL 327/18-1,2, ZE 154/70-1,2). We acknowledge the financial support within the funding programme Open Access Publishing by the DFG. 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Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA RH0PQ UT WOS:000629098600001 OA hybrid DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Kennedy, LJ Randall, DA Knobel, D Brown, JJ Fooks, AR Argaw, K Shiferaw, F Ollier, WER Sillero-Zubiri, C Macdonald, DW Laurenson, MK AF Kennedy, L. J. Randall, D. A. Knobel, D. Brown, J. J. Fooks, A. R. Argaw, K. Shiferaw, F. Ollier, W. E. R. Sillero-Zubiri, C. Macdonald, D. W. Laurenson, M. K. TI Major histocompatibility complex diversity in the endangered Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis) SO TISSUE ANTIGENS LA English DT Article DE Canis simensis; dog leucocyte antigen; Ethiopian wolf; major histocompatibility complex; rabies ID MEDIATED CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES SSOP; NOMENCLATURE COMMITTEE; BALANCING SELECTION; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; DLA DIVERSITY; SYSTEM DLA; DRB LOCI; WOLVES; RABIES AB The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) influences immune response to infection and vaccination. In most species, MHC genes are highly polymorphic, but few wild canid populations have been investigated. In Ethiopian wolves, we identified four DLA (dog leucocyte antigen)-DRB1, two DLA-DQA1 and five DQB1 alleles. Ethiopian wolves, the world's rarest canids with fewer than 500 animals worldwide, are further endangered and threatened by rabies. Major rabies outbreaks in the Bale Mountains of southern Ethiopia (where over half of the Ethiopian wolf population is located) have killed over 75% of wolves in the affected sub-populations. In 2004, following a rabies outbreak, 77 wolves were vaccinated, and 19 were subsequently recaptured to monitor the effectiveness of the intervention. Pre- and post-vaccination rabies antibody titres were available for 18 animals, and all of the animals sero-converted after vaccination. We compared the haplotype frequencies of this group of 18 with the post-vaccination antibody titre, and showed that one haplotype was associated with a lower response (uncorrected P < 0.03). In general, Ethiopian wolves probably have an adequate amount of MHC variation to ensure the survival of the species. However, we sampled only the largest Ethiopian wolf population in Bale, and did not take the smaller populations further north into consideration. C1 [Kennedy, L. J.; Brown, J. J.; Ollier, W. E. R.] Univ Manchester, Ctr Integrated Genom Med Res, Manchester M13 9PT, Lancs, England. [Randall, D. A.; Sillero-Zubiri, C.; Laurenson, M. K.] Ethiopian Wolf Conservat Programme, Robe, Bale, Ethiopia. [Randall, D. A.; Sillero-Zubiri, C.; Macdonald, D. W.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit, Recanati Kaplan Ctr, Tubney, England. [Randall, D. A.; Laurenson, M. K.] Frankfurt Zool Soc, Arusha, Tanzania. [Knobel, D.] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Dick Sch Vet Studies, Ctr Trop Vet Med, Edinburgh EH9 1QH, Midlothian, Scotland. [Fooks, A. R.] Vet Labs Agcy, Rabies & Wildlife Zoonoses Grp, Surrey, England. [Argaw, K.; Shiferaw, F.] Ethiopian Wildlife Conservat Author, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Kennedy, LJ (corresponding author), Univ Manchester, Ctr Integrated Genom Med Res, Stopford Bldg,Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PT, Lancs, England. EM Lorna.Kennedy@manchester.ac.uk RI Kennedy, Lorna/AAK-8767-2020; Fooks, Anthony R/F-5418-2010; Knobel, Darryn/O-7057-2014 OI Kennedy, Lorna/0000-0002-3087-4548; Knobel, Darryn/0000-0002-0425-3799 FU Born Free Foundation; Frankfurt Zoological Society; Conservation International; Morris Animal Foundation [D07ZO-002]; UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural AffairsDepartment for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA) [SEV3500] FX All animal-handling, sampling procedures and ethical approval were undertaken in compliance with The Ethiopian Wolf Conservation Project (EWCP). We thank the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority, the Oromia Regional Government and the Bale Mountains National Park for permission to undertake this research and conservation work. We are grateful to the Ethiopian Wolf Conservation Programme staff for their dedication and commitment in the field and the IUCN/SSC Canid and Veterinary Specialist Groups and other rabies experts for their advice. A consortium of funders led by the Born Free Foundation, Frankfurt Zoological Society and Conservation International supported the emergency vaccination campaign and collection of samples. We also thank the Morris Animal Foundation for funding support (project number: D07ZO-002). ARF was supported by a grant from the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra grant No. SEV3500). We thank Sarah Cleaveland for helpful advice and discussion. 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Kerby, Jeffrey T. Nga Nguyen Ashenafi, Zelealem Tefera Fashing, Peter J. TI Solitary Ethiopian wolves increase predation success on rodents when among grazing gelada monkey herds SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Afroalpine; Canis simensis; Ethiopia; interspecific association; rodents; Theropithecus gelada ID WOLF CANIS-SIMENSIS; HABITAT SELECTION; BALE MOUNTAINS; SMALL MAMMALS; BEHAVIOR; ASSOCIATIONS; COMMUNITIES; ENCOUNTERS; ECOLOGY; COLOBUS AB Mixed-species associations generally form to increase foraging success or to aid in the detection and deterrence of predators. While mixed-species associations are common among mammals, those involving carnivorous predators and potential prey species are seldom reported. On the Guassa Plateau, in the Ethiopian highlands, we observed solitary Ethiopian wolves (Canis simensis) foraging for rodents among grazing gelada monkey (Theropithecus gelada) herds. The tolerant and sometimes prolonged (> 1 h) associations contrasted with the defensive behaviors exhibited by geladas toward other potential predators. Ethiopian wolves spent a higher proportion of time foraging and preyed more successfully on rodents when among geladas than when alone, providing evidence that gelada herds increase the vulnerability of subterranean rodents to predation. Ethiopian wolves appear to habituate gelada herds to their presence through nonthreatening behavior, thereby foregoing opportunistic foraging opportunities upon vulnerable juvenile geladas in order to feed more effectively on rodents. For Ethiopian wolves, establishing proximity to geladas as foraging commensals could be an adaptive strategy to elevate foraging success. The novel dynamics documented here shed light on the ecological circumstances that contribute to the stability of mixed groups of predators and potential prey. C1 [Venkataraman, Vivek V.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Kerby, Jeffrey T.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Nga Nguyen; Fashing, Peter J.] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Anthropol, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. [Nga Nguyen; Fashing, Peter J.] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Environm Studies Program, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. [Ashenafi, Zelealem Tefera] Frankfurt Zool Soc, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Venkataraman, VV (corresponding author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Class 1978 Life Sci Ctr,78 Coll St, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM vivek.v.venkataraman@dartmouth.edu OI Kerby, Jeffrey/0000-0002-2739-9096 FU National GeographicNational Geographic Society [8864-10]; American Primatological Society; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship ProgramNational Science Foundation (NSF) [DGE-1313911, DGE-0750756]; CSU Fullerton; Cleveland Metroparks Zoo; Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation; Pittsburgh Zoo; Primate Conservation Inc.; D. Gibson and San Diego Zoo FX We thank the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority, Amhara Regional government, and Mehal Meda Woreda for permission to conduct this research. The Ethiopian wolf foraging success study was funded by a Young Explorers Grant (8864-10) from National Geographic, a small grant from the American Primatological Society, and the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program (DGE-1313911 to VVV and DGE-0750756 to JTK). The long-term gelada research project at Guassa has received support from CSU Fullerton, Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation, Pittsburgh Zoo, Primate Conservation Inc., D. Gibson and San Diego Zoo, Gisela and N. Fashing, Donna and K. Krueger, A. and H.-P. Profunser, and C. Schroen. We thank A. Koenig and J. Fleagle for their advice. H. Glowacka and T. Kraft provided useful comments on the manuscript. We thank M. Ramsay and T. 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Mammal. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 96 IS 1 BP 129 EP 137 DI 10.1093/jmammal/gyu013 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CG5LV UT WOS:000353334300016 OA Bronze DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Girma, Z Bekele, A Hemson, G AF Girma, Zerihun Bekele, Afework Hemson, G. TI Small mammals of Kaka and Hunkolo, southeast Ethiopia SO TROPICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Age structure; diversity; distribution; small mammals ID BALE-MOUNTAINS; HABITAT ASSOCIATION; SPECIES COMPOSITION; RODENTS; COMMUNITIES; FOREST AB A study on small mammals was carried out in four habitat types (afroalpine, Erica scrub, agricultural land and riverine forest) in Kaka and three habitat types (afroalpine, Erica/scrub and agricultural land) in Hunkolo during August 2008 - March 2009. In each habitat type, a permanent 4900 m(2) live trapping grid was used to capture the small mammals. In Kaka, a total of 612 rodents and 79 insectivores were trapped in 2352 trap nights and in Hunkolo, 307 rodents and 49 insectivores were trapped in 1764 trap nights. The following were the species recorded. from Kaka: Lophuromys flavopunctatus, Lophuromys melanonyx, Stenocephalemys albipes, Stenocephalemys albocaudata, Stenocephalemys griseicauda, Arvicanthis blicki, Otomys typus, Dendromus lovati, Crocidura glassi and Crocidura fumosa, Tachyoryctes splendens and Hystrix cristata. From Hunkolo, all of those species reported in Kaka, except for O. typus, were recorded. L. flavopunctatus was the most abundant species in both Kaka (26.1 %) and Hunkolo (28.9 %) and D. lovati and A. blicki, were the least abundant species in Kaka (0.4 %) and Hunkolo (1.9 %), respectively. L. flavopunctatus was the most widely distributed species. C1 [Girma, Zerihun; Bekele, Afework] Univ Addis Ababa, Dept Biol, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 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Five species of Leptopelis occupy the Ethiopian highlands and provide a good opportunity to study the evolutionary transition from an arboreal to a fossorial lifestyle, as well as the diversification in this biodiversity hot spot. We sequenced 14 nuclear and three mitochondrial genes, and generated thousands of SNPs from ddRAD sequencing to study the evolutionary relationships of Ethiopian Leptopelis. The five species of highland Leptopelis form a monophyletic group, which diversified during the late Miocene and Pliocene. We found strong population structure in the fossorial species L. gramineus, with levels of genetic differentiation between populations similar to those found between arboreal species. This could indicate that L. gramineus is a complex of cryptic species. We propose that after the original colonization of the Ethiopian highlands by the ancestor of the L. gramineus group, episodes of vicariance fragmented the ancestral populations of this group. 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Ecol. PD MAY PY 2018 VL 27 IS 9 BP 2256 EP 2270 DI 10.1111/mec.14573 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA GF1BP UT WOS:000431667000008 PM 29603468 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Clausnitzer, V Kityo, R AF Clausnitzer, V Kityo, R TI Altitudinal distribution of rodents (Muridae and Gliridae) on Mt Elgon, Uganda SO TROPICAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rodents; Mt Elgon; ecology; elevation gradient; conservation; biogeography ID SMALL MAMMALS; SPECIES RICHNESS; BALE MOUNTAINS; CENTRAL-AFRICA; TEMPERATURE; EVOLUTION; ETHIOPIA; ECOLOGY; COMMUNITIES; GRADIENTS AB Small mammals were surveyed along a transect in Mt Elgon National Park, Uganda, at altitudes from 2900 to 4300 in a.s.l., with the main focus in the Afro-alpine grasslands above 3500 in a.s.l. In this study, 13 species belonging to the Muridae were recorded, but only one species Lophuromys flavopunctatus Thomas 1888, occurred in all habitats. The highest species and individual numbers were found in richly structured vegetation in the Afro-alpine zone. Twenty-four species of Muridae and one Gliridae have been recorded from the Mt Elgon NP, Uganda (> 2000 in a.s.l.) so far, two more have been found on the Kenyan side and are likely to occur in Uganda. A total of 34 species of Muridae have been recorded on the whole range of Mt Elgon, two being endemic to the Afro-alpine zone, one listed as vulnerable and one as rare by the IUCN (LIDICKER 1985). The present distribution patterns and composition of the montane rodent communities are a result of different evolutionary histories mainly brought about by past changes in climate and vegetation. 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Bryja, Josef TI Phylogenetic position of a monotypic Ethiopian endemic rodent genus Megadendromus (Rodentia, Nesomyidae) SO MAMMALIA LA English DT Article DE Dendromurinae; Ethiopia; karyotype; Megadendromus; phylogeny ID MYOMYS-STENOCEPHALEMYS COMPLEX; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; AFRICAN; MAMMALIA; CLIMATE; MURIDAE; MURINAE AB The taxonomic and phylogenetic position of the Nikolaus's African climbing mouse (Megadendromus nikolausi), formerly known only from four specimens, remained for a long time ambiguous. Here, we report, for the first time, the phylogenetic analysis of this species using mitochondrial (cytochrome b) and nuclear (interphotoreceptor binding protein) gene sequences obtained from a new specimen recently caught in the Bale Mountains in south-eastern Ethiopia. Our analyses strongly suggest that the Nikolaus's climbing mouse does not belong to a distinct monotypic genus, but to the genus Dendromus. The first karyotype description of this enigmatic Ethiopian endemic is presented. The diploid set comprises 18 pairs of bi-armed chromosomes, 2N = 36, one of the lowest diploid numbers reported for the genus Dendromus (2N = 30-52). Moreover, the phylogenetic analysis reveals that another very distinctive Ethiopian endemic, Dendromus lovati, sometimes placed in a subgenus Chortomys, occupies an internal position within Dendromus s.s. The results suggest that the Ethiopian Plateau is an important center of high diversity and adaptive radiation for the genus Dendromus. The conservation status of M. nikolausi is assessed. C1 [Lavrenchenko, Leonid A.; Nadjafova, Rena S.; Mironova, Tatiana A.] Russian Acad Sci, AN Severtsov Inst Ecol & Evolut, Leninskii Pr 33, Moscow 119081, Russia. [Bekele, Afework] Univ Addis Ababa, Dept Zool Sci, Addis Ababa 1176, Ethiopia. [Bryja, Josef] Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Vertebrate Biol, Kvetna 8, CS-60365 Brno, Czech Republic. [Bryja, Josef] Masaryk Univ, Dept Bot & Zool, Fac Sci, Kotlarska 2, CS-61137 Brno, Czech Republic. RP Lavrenchenko, LA (corresponding author), Russian Acad Sci, AN Severtsov Inst Ecol & Evolut, Leninskii Pr 33, Moscow 119081, Russia. EM llavrenchenko@gmail.com RI Bryja, Josef/C-3013-2008; Lavrenchenko, Leonid/N-7129-2017; Mironova, Tatiana/K-1501-2015 OI Bryja, Josef/0000-0003-0516-7742; Lavrenchenko, Leonid/0000-0001-9961-8748; Mironova, Tatiana/0000-0002-4827-7530 FU Russian Foundation for Basic ResearchRussian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) [15-04-03801-a]; Czech Science FoundationGrant Agency of the Czech Republic [14-36098G] FX We are indebted to the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority (EWCA) for the permission to work in the Bale Mountains National Park (permission no. EWCA Ref. No. 31/336/05; 20/03/2013). We thank the warden and staff of the Bale Mountains National Park for the use of the Park buildings and equipment. We are grateful to the JERBE Coordinators Dr. Andrei Darkov (Joint Ethio-Russian Biological Expedition, Fourth Phase - JERBE-IV) and Ato Girma Yosef (Ethiopian Ministry of Science and Technology) for management of the expedition in the field and in Addis Ababa. We also thank Tatiana Aghova and Anna Bryjova for help with genotyping. Financial support for the research was provided by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 15-04-03801-a (to LL, RN and TM) and the Czech Science Foundation, project no. 14-36098G (to JB). 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Observations of foraging behavior (n = 380) and seat analysis (n = 689) suggested that the Ethiopian wolf specializes in eating rodents. Rodents accounted for 96% of the prey occurrences and 97% volume in the droppings. The giant molerat (Tachyoryctes macrocephalus) was the main food item, followed in importance by three species of rats (Arvicanthis blicki, Lophuromys melanonyx, and Otomys typus). Ethiopian wolves foraged solitarily throughout the day, but occasionally small packs (less than or equal to 6) hunted hares, young antelopes, and sheep. During food-choice experiments, wolves significantly preferred Tachyoryctes to Arvicanthis and Lophuromys, Arvicanthis to Lophuromys, and either of them to Stenocephalemys, which was invariably discarded. Lepus starcki was preferred to any of the species of rats. The contribution of different species of prey to the diet of the Ethiopian wolf correlated with abundance of prey. C1 ZOOL SOC LONDON,INST ZOOL,LONDON NW1 4RY,ENGLAND. 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PD MAY PY 1995 VL 76 IS 2 BP 531 EP 541 DI 10.2307/1382361 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA QZ502 UT WOS:A1995QZ50200021 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Tiutenko, A Zinenko, O AF Tiutenko, Arthur Zinenko, Oleksandr TI A new species of Leptopelis (Anura, Arthroleptidae) from the south-eastern slope of the Ethiopian Highlands, with notes on the Leptopelis gramineus species complex and the revalidation of a previously synonymised species SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Bale Mountains; Ethiopia; Harenna Forest; Leptopelis diffidens sp. nov.; Leptopelis montanus nom. nov.; Leptopelis rugosus; Pseudocassina ocellata; Pseudocassina rugosa AB A new ground-dwelling species of treefrog in the genus Leptopelis is described from the Harenna Forest in south-eastern Ethiopia. The description is based on morphology and acoustics and is supported by molecular data. The new species has a small body size, and the digital discs on fingers and toes are significantly more conspicuous than in other semi-fossorial members of the L. gramineus complex. It occupies forest habitats at lower altitudes and is separated ecologically and geographically from high-altitude species of the complex. One of them, a parapatric cryptic species from Bale and Arsi Mountains, is resurrected from synonymy of L. gramineus and given a new name, L. montanus. Genetic barcoding of specimens from both populations showed that they belong to two distinct lineages that had been revealed by recent phylogenetic research. To confirm the geographic separation of the studied populations, the collection area of L. gramineus types was verified through analysis of the diary and the final report of the 2nd expedition of V. Bottego, and through matching of the route described in it with modern maps. The type locality of L. gramineus sensu stricto is restricted to Gamo Gofa, Ethiopia. Following the results of recent phylogenetic studies, the range of L. gramineus is limited to west of the Great Rift Valley. An identification key to the named Ethiopian species of the genus is provided. C1 [Tiutenko, Arthur] Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Schlosspl 4, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. [Zinenko, Oleksandr] Kharkov Natl Univ, 4 Svobody Sq, UA-61058 Kharkiv, Ukraine. RP Tiutenko, A (corresponding author), Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Schlosspl 4, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. EM arthur.tiutenko@fau.de RI Zinenko, Oleksandr/N-4867-2015; Tiutenko, Arthur/AAG-3767-2019 OI Zinenko, Oleksandr/0000-0001-5228-9940; Tiutenko, Arthur/0000-0001-5952-4923 FU National Geographic SocietyNational Geographic Society [WW-243S-17]; NGS Committee for Research and Exploration; Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority [31/196/2011]; [777970] FX This study was part of a Harenna Forest exploration project funded by the National Geographic Society (grant WW-243S-17 to Arthur Tiutenko). We thank the NGS Committee for Research and Exploration for this support. The fieldwork in four expeditions between 2012 and 2019 was carried out with support of representatives of a number of Ethiopian governmental authorities, including administrations of the Bale Zone, of districts Goba and Delo Mena (ref. no. 777970 from 22.10.2018), and the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority (ref. no. 31/196/2011 from 16.10.2018). 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Messing, I. Ledin, S. Abdelkadir, A. TI Effects of different land use types on infiltration capacity in a catchment in the highlands of Ethiopia SO SOIL USE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Deforestation; infiltration capacity; land conversion; soil property changes; soil moisture ID SOUTH-EASTERN HIGHLANDS; SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; BALE MOUNTAINS; TOPOGRAPHIC ASPECT; VEGETATION; RATES; QUALITY; DENSITY; SYSTEMS; IMPACT AB Infiltration capacity is an important variable for understanding and predicting a range of soil processes. This study investigated for different slope positions the effects of forest conversion to cultivation and grazing on soil infiltration capacity. Infiltration capacity was measured in the field in each land use type using a double-ring infiltrometer. A total of 108 soil samples (3 slope positions x 3 land use types x 4 soil profiles x 3 soil depths) were collected to determine the variables that affect infiltration capacity viz. particle size distribution, organic carbon content, dry bulk density and soil moisture content. The results showed that in the cultivated and grazed land compared with forest, infiltration capacity and soil moisture content were 70 and 45% smaller respectively, and dry bulk density was 13-20% larger. Changes in soil structure caused by surface soil compaction because of tillage and animal trampling coupled with a smaller soil organic carbon content, are likely to be the principal factors causing the decline in infiltration capacity and soil moisture content after conversion of forest to cultivation and grazing. C1 [Yimer, F.; Abdelkadir, A.] Wondo Genet Coll Forestry & Nat Resources, Shashemene, Ethiopia. [Yimer, F.; Messing, I.; Ledin, S.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Soil Sci, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Yimer, F (corresponding author), Wondo Genet Coll Forestry & Nat Resources, POB 128, Shashemene, Ethiopia. EM fantawyimer2003@yahoo.com CR ABDELMAGID AH, 1987, J RANGE MANAGE, V40, P307, DOI 10.2307/3898725 BERHE SM, 1987, J GEOL SOC LONDON, V144, P213, DOI 10.1144/gsjgs.144.2.0213 Bertrand A.R., 1965, METHODS SOIL ANAL PA BROERSMA K, 1995, COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN, V26, P1795, DOI 10.1080/00103629509369409 CAMERON DR, 1981, AGR LAND OUR DISAPPE, P186 Delvaux B, 2004, CATENA, V56, P31, DOI 10.1016/j.catena.2003.10.003 Dexter AR, 2004, GEODERMA, V120, P201, DOI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2003.09.004 Famiglietti JS, 1998, J HYDROL, V210, P259, DOI 10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00187-5 Fu BJ, 2000, CATENA, V39, P69, DOI 10.1016/S0341-8162(99)00084-3 GIFFORD GF, 1978, WATER RESOUR RES, V14, P305, DOI 10.1029/WR014i002p00305 Jimenez CC, 2006, J SOIL WATER CONSERV, V61, P153 JULIE P, 2001, STEP BY STEP GUIDE D Landon J. 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PD DEC PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4 BP 344 EP 349 DI 10.1111/j.1475-2743.2008.00182.x PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 375JA UT WOS:000261108800004 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Randall, DA Pollinger, JP Argaw, K Macdonald, DW Wayne, RK AF Randall, Deborah A. Pollinger, John P. Argaw, Kifle Macdonald, David W. Wayne, Robert K. TI Fine-scale genetic structure in Ethiopian wolves imposed by sociality, migration, and population bottlenecks SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Dispersal; Genetic drift; Microsatellites; Disease; Canid conservation ID SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION ANALYSIS; NONEQUILIBRIUM CONDITIONS; DOMESTIC DOG; FLOW; SIZE; DIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; RABIES; CONSEQUENCES; INFERENCE AB We used demographic, spatial, and microsatellite data to assess fine-scale genetic structure in Ethiopian wolves found in the Bale Mountains and evaluated the impact of historical versus recent demographic processes on genetic variation. We applied several analytical methods, assuming equilibrium and nonequilibrium conditions, to assess demography and genetic structure. Genetic variation (H-E = 0.584-0.607, allelic richness = 4.2-4.3) was higher than previously reported for this species and genetic structure was influenced by geography and social structure. Statistically significant F-ST values (0.06-0.08) implied differentiation among subpopulations. STRUCTURE analyses showed that neighbouring packs often have shared coancestry and spatial autocorrelation showed higher genetic similarity between individuals within packs and between individuals in neighbouring packs compared to random pairs of individuals. Recent effective population sizes were lower than 2n (where n is the number of packs) and lower than the number of breeding individuals with Ne/N ratios near 0.20. All subpopulations have experienced bottlenecks, one occurring due to a rabies outbreak in 2003. Nevertheless, differentiation among these subpopulations is consistent with long-term migration rates and fragmentation at the end of the Pleistocene. Enhanced drift due to population bottlenecks may be countered by higher migration into disease-affected subpopulations. Contemporary factors such as social structure and population bottlenecks are clearly influencing the level and distribution of genetic variation in this population, which has implications for its conservation. C1 [Randall, Deborah A.] Frankfurt Zool Soc, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Randall, Deborah A.; Macdonald, David W.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit, Tubney OX13 5QL, England. [Pollinger, John P.; Wayne, Robert K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Argaw, Kifle] Ethiopian Wildlife Conservat Author, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Randall, DA (corresponding author), Frankfurt Zool Soc, POB 100003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM deborahrandall@fzs.org FU Ethiopian Wolf Conservation Programme (EWCP); Iris Darnton Trust; Jesus College; Sophie Danforth Conservation Biology Fund (Rhode Island Park Zoo); National Science Foundation (US)National Science Foundation (NSF); Conservation Genetics Resource Center at UCLA; Overseas Student Award (UK); University of Oxford FX We thank the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority, the Oromia Rural Land and Natural Resources Administration Authority, and the Bale Mountains National Park for permission to undertake this research. We are grateful for the support of the Ethiopian Wolf Conservation Programme (EWCP) and, in particular, Stuart Williams, Lucy Tallents, Edriss Ebu, Hussein Adam, Mustefa Dule, and Gedlu Tessera for their assistance in the field. The field work was funded by the Iris Darnton Trust, Jesus College, and the Sophie Danforth Conservation Biology Fund (Rhode Island Park Zoo). The genetic work was funded by a National Science Foundation (US) grant to RKW and supported by the Conservation Genetics Resource Center at UCLA. DAR was supported by an Overseas Student Award (UK) and a Clarendon Fund Award from the University of Oxford. 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Genet. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 11 IS 1 BP 89 EP 101 DI 10.1007/s10592-009-0005-z PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 545OQ UT WOS:000273744300008 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Kasso, M Bekele, A Hemson, G AF Kasso, Mohammed Bekele, Afework Hemson, Graham TI Species composition, abundance and habitat association of rodents and insectivores from Chilalo-Galama Mountain range, Arsi, Ethiopia SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE altitudinal zonation; Chilalo-Galama Mountains; distribution; habitat association; small mammals ID SMALL MAMMALS; ELEVATIONAL GRADIENT; PRAOMYS ALBIPES; BALE MOUNTAINS; DIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; SYSTEMATICS; MURIDAE; ECOLOGY; FOREST AB A study on the ecology of rodents and insectivores on Mount Chilalo and the Galama Mountain range was conducted during August, 2007-April, 2008. Study grids were marked in nine randomly selected habitats. Sherman live traps and snap traps were used to capture the small mammals. A total of 2525 (including recaptures) individual rodents and insectivores were captured in 5488 (Sherman) and 1590 (snap) trap-nights. Among the live-trapped animals, 2037 (96.2%) and 80 (3.8%) were rodents and insectivores, respectively, that comprised 17 species. These were as follows: Arvicanthis abyssinicus, Arvicanthis blicki, Arvicanthis dembeensis, Lophuromys flavopunctatus, Lophuromys melanonyx, Mastomys natalensis, Mus mahomet, Otomys typus, Rattus rattus, Stenocephalemys albipes, Stenocephalemys albocaudata, Stenocephalemys griseicauda, Crocidura glassi, Crocidura flavescens and Crocidura thalia. Tachyoryctes splendens and Hystrix cristata were sighted but not captured. Endemics to Ethiopia constituted 60% of the trapped small mammals. Lophuromys flavopunctatus was the most abundant and widely distributed rodent species, while M. mahomet was the least. The altitudes between 3301 and 3400 m asl had the highest species composition and abundance although it is second in number of catches per trap-nights. The majority of rodents and insectivores were associated with montane forest habitat, whereas the least were in the shrubland. Anthropogenic effects were witnessed affecting the distribution of small mammals.Resume C1 [Bekele, Afework] Univ Addis Ababa, Dept Biol, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Kasso, Mohammed] Dire Dawa Univ, Dept Biol, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia. [Hemson, Graham] Queensland Pks & Wildlife Serv, Red Hill, Qld 4701, Australia. RP Bekele, A (corresponding author), Univ Addis Ababa, Dept Biol, POB 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM afeworkbekele@hotmail.com FU Ethiopian Wolf Conservation FX We thank the Ethiopian Wolf Conservation Programme for financial support and provision of the necessary field materials and equipment and Addis Ababa University, Biology Department for facilitating and providing all the necessary materials. We also appreciate the contribution made by all members of Oromia Regional State, Wildlife Department, Arsi Rural and Agricultural Development and all Woredas and Kebeles, whose borderlines lie within the study. We also thank Abdella Umer, Lomi Dhabi, Daddafo Tusa, Dejene Deme, Berhanu Tesema and Idris Ebu. 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J. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 48 IS 4 BP 1105 EP 1114 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2028.2010.01222.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 678YC UT WOS:000284118400030 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT C AU Friis, I Demissew, S AF Friis, I Demissew, S BE Friis, I Ryding, O TI Vegetation maps of Ethiopia and Eritrea. A review of existing maps and the need for a new map for the Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea SO BIODIVERSITY RESEARCH IN THE HORN OF AFRICA REGION SE BIOLOGISKE SKRIFTER LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on the Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea CY AUG 25-27, 1999 CL CARLBERG ACAD, COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SP Danish Nat Sci Res Council, Danish Council Dev Res, Carlsberg Fdn HO CARLBERG ACAD AB The main features of the existing vegetation maps of Ethiopia and Eritrea, especially those of R.E.G. Pichi-Sermolli from 1957, F. von Breitenbach from 1963 and F. White from 1983, are reviewed. The mapping units on these maps are compared in the light of modern classification of the characteristic species. Later modifications, especially those of I. Friis from 1992 and those of Sebesebe Demissew and others from 1996, are also reviewed. The majority of the long-known vegetation types in the central part of the region have been described, classified and interpreted rather differently by the different authors, and the maps they have produced are therefore at some points notably different. Human activity, especially agriculture for hundreds or thousands of years has had a major impact on the natural vegetation, especially in the highlands, and different authors interpret these secondary vegetation types differently. This is probably one of the main reason for the discrepancies between the maps. Another reason is that a number of characteristic vegetation types in remote areas, for example the vegetation of the Bale Mountains and various forests in the southwestern part of Ethiopia, have been explored and described in the international literature after printing of the maps of Pichi-Sermolli and Breitenbach. Something was known about these vegetation types while White produced his map, but our knowledge has been completed since. A debate at the 3(rd) International Symposium on the Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea demonstrated the difficulties with the production of a new, informative vegetation map of Ethiopia and Eritrea at a reasonable scale. Such a map has been planned to accompany the general volume of the Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Suitable criteria for mapping units and additional research that might lead to a satisfactory solution were suggested at the symposium and are discussed further here. C1 Univ Copenhagen, Bot Museum & Lib, DK-1123 Copenhagen K, Denmark. RP Friis, I (corresponding author), Univ Copenhagen, Bot Museum & Lib, Gothersgade 130, DK-1123 Copenhagen K, Denmark. EM ibf@bot.ku.dk; nat.heb@telecom.net.et RI Friis, Ib/A-4779-2013 OI Friis, Ib/0000-0002-2438-1528 CR BERHAN T, 1988, MOUNTAIN RES DEV, V8, P211 Chaffey DR, 1979, 31 LAND RES DEV CTR CHAFFEY DR, 1978, 28 LAND RES DEV CTR CHAFFEY DR, 1978, 29 LAND RES DEV CTR CHAFFEY DR, 1978, 30 LAND RES DEV CTR *CSE, 1997, CONS STRAT ETH CSE R Demissew S, 1996, IMPORTANT BIRD AREAS, P36 DOVE K, 1990, PETERM GEO MITTEIL E, V21 Friis Ib, 1992, V15 Hall J.B., 1981, DISTRIBUTION ECOLOGY, V1 HEDBERG OLOV, 1951, SVENSK BOT TIDSKR, V45, P140 Keay R. W. J., 1959, VEGETATION MAP AFRIC LOGAN WEM, 1946, 24 IMP FOR I Pichi Sermolli R. E. G., 1957, Webbia, Firenze, V13, P15 PICHISERMOLLI REG, 1955, UNESCO ARID ZONE RES, V6, P302 SCHWEINFURTH G, 1868, PETERMANN GEOGR MITT, P113 VONBREITENBACH F, 1963, INDIGENOUS TREES ETH White F., 1983, VEGETATION AFRICA DE NR 18 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL DANISH ACADEMY SCIENCES & LETTERS PI COPENHAGEN V PA H C ANDERSENS BLVD 35, DK-1553 COPENHAGEN V, DENMARK SN 0366-3612 BN 87-7876-246-4 J9 BIOL SKRIF PY 2001 VL 54 BP 399 EP 439 PG 41 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BV38A UT WOS:000178753600026 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Largen, MJ AF Largen, MJ TI Catalogue of the amphibians of Ethiopia, including a key for their identification SO TROPICAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Amphibia; Ethiopia; taxonomy; identification; ecology; zoogeography; endemicity ID PTYCHADENA BOULENGER 1917; ANURA-RANIDAE; SPECIES AMPHIBIA; GENUS; CHECKLIST; ERITREA; BUFONIDAE AB This review recognises 63 amphibian species in Ethiopia, a total that is sure to increase as many still remote regions come to be more adequately surveyed. It incorporates the following taxonomic changes: Bufo chappuisi Roux 1936 is considered a synonym of B. lughensis Loveridge 1932, Ptychadena largeni Perret 1994 a synonym of P. neumanni (Ahl 1924) and Rana schubotzi Sternfeld 1917 a synonym of Plychadena tellinii (Peracca 1904). The ecological profile and zoogeographical affinities of every species is analysed and its recorded distribution within Ethiopia is mapped. More than half of these taxa are savanna forms, found in lowland areas around the margins of the central plateau and often widespread in other parts of Africa. In contrast, 25 species (40% of the total) are at present considered endemic; seven of the eight families include endemic representatives, amongst which are six endemic genera: Sylvacaecilia Wake 1987, Altiphrynoides Dubois 1987, Spinophrynoides Dubois 1987, Ericabatrachus Largen 1991, Balebreviceps Largen & Drewes 1989 and Paracassina Peracca 1907. Three species appear to be confined to lowland forest in southwestern Ethiopia, but the majority of endemics are most clearly associated with montane forest, grassland or moorland in the altitudinal range 1800-4000 m. Widespread environmental degradation by an ever-increasing human population is a severe problem in Ethiopia and the threat to montane and forest endemics, both known and yet to be discovered, gives particular cause for concern. National Parks, established to conserve selected environments for the benefit of entire communities, provide the best prospects for the protection of amphibian species in the immediate future. The Bale Mountains National Park alone provides a refuge for at least 17 amphibian taxa, including 48% of the endemic species and five of the six endemic genera. C1 Liverpool Museum, Liverpool L3 8EN, Merseyside, England. RP Largen, MJ (corresponding author), Liverpool Museum, William Brown St, Liverpool L3 8EN, Merseyside, England. 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PD DEC PY 2001 VL 14 IS 2 BP 307 EP 402 DI 10.1080/03946975.2001.10531159 PG 96 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 529HY UT WOS:000174295000008 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Aseres, SA Sira, RK AF Aseres, Sintayehu Aynalem Sira, Raminder Kaur TI Ecotourism development in Ethiopia: costs and benefits for protected area conservation SO JOURNAL OF ECOTOURISM LA English DT Article DE Biodiversity conservation; benefit-sharing schemes; community participation; ecotourism-conservation nexus; and protected areas ID NATURE-BASED TOURISM; NATIONAL-PARK; COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION; LOCAL-COMMUNITIES; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; IMPACTS; MANAGEMENT; VISITORS; LIVELIHOODS AB Ecotourism and conservation are among the major issues of concern in the study of protected areas, yet the nexus between ecotourism and biodiversity conservation is still dynamic and debatable, especially in emerging economies. This study conceptualizes the relationship between ecotourism and biodiversity conservation by drawing on a case study of the Bale Mountains National Park in Ethiopia. The study used a quantitative research approach to investigate and parameterize the dynamic ecotourism components, and a qualitative approach to explore the nexus between ecotourism and conservation and its major challenges. The data were collected using self-administered questionnaires by intercepted 389 park visitors, and semi-structured interviews by recruited 20 participants from representative stakeholders between September 2017 and February 2018. The findings unfold that conceptually ecotourism development and conservation can be positively inter-linked, but practically, ecotourism-conservation conflict is precarious in protected areas due to major burdens, such as low level of education and awareness, less community participation, unfair distribution of benefits and costs, inadequate sustainable financing, and other environmental pressures associated with population growth. The findings enlighten the ongoing conflicts and sustainable symbiosis between ecotourism and conservation, and this calls urgent policy intervention, especially to integrate the principles and practices of ecotourism with the neoliberal conservation approach. C1 [Aseres, Sintayehu Aynalem] Madda Walabu Univ, Dept Tourism Management, Bale Robe, Ethiopia. [Sira, Raminder Kaur] Punjabi Univ, Sch Management Studies, Patiala, Punjab, India. RP Aseres, SA (corresponding author), Madda Walabu Univ, Dept Tourism Management, Bale Robe, Ethiopia. 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Ecotourism PD JUL 3 PY 2021 VL 20 IS 3 BP 224 EP 249 DI 10.1080/14724049.2020.1857390 EA DEC 2020 PG 26 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA UG6PO UT WOS:000599680600001 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Admasu, E Thirgood, SJ Bekele, A Laurenson, MK AF Admasu, E Thirgood, SJ Bekele, A Laurenson, MK TI Spatial ecology of golden jackal in farmland in the Ethiopian Highlands SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Canis aureus; Ethiopia; farmland; habitat use; range size; social organization ID BLACK-BACKED JACKALS; CANIS-AUREUS; HOME-RANGE; FOOD; ORGANIZATION; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR; DIET AB The spatial ecology of golden jackal Canis aureus was studied on farmland adjacent to the Bale Mountains National Park in southern Ethiopia during 1998-2000. Three adult and four subadult jackals were captured in leg-hold traps and radiotagged. The range size of the adult jackals varied from 7.9 to 48.2 km(2) and the subadults from 24.2 to 64.8 km(2) . These ranges are the largest recorded for this species. Range overlap of the tagged jackals averaged 54%, which, in conjunction with observations of associations between individuals, suggested that all the tagged jackals belonged to one social group. Tagged jackals were observed alone on 87% of occasions despite the extensive overlap in individual ranges. Pairs consisting of a male and female were the most commonly observed group and larger groups were seen on only five occasions. Jackals in this population appeared less gregarious than observed elsewhere. The jackals used all the habitats available to them, particularly at night when they foraged in Artemesia and Hypericum bush and farmland. During the day they were more frequently found in Hagenia and Juniper woodland and their diurnal resting sites were characterized by thick cover. 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J. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 42 IS 2 BP 144 EP 152 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2028.2004.00497.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 825VW UT WOS:000221787700009 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Atickem, A Loe, LE AF Atickem, Anagaw Loe, Leif E. TI Livestock-wildlife conflicts in the Ethiopian highlands: assessing the dietary and spatial overlap between mountain nyala and cattle SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE browsing; competition; feeding type; grazing; mitigation; rangeland conflict ID NATIONAL-PARK; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; WESTERN UGANDA; MULE DEER; HABITAT; RUMINANTS; SELECTION; ANTELOPE; ECOLOGY; KENYA AB Livestock grazing is an increasing conservation challenge throughout protected wildlife areas in Africa. We report here on a negative correlation in abundance between cattle and the mountain nyala across seven study areas in the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia, and investigate if this can be explained by similarity in feeding ecology and spatial overlap. Mountain nyala foraging behaviour was studied using scan sampling of 17 GPS/VHF-collared animals, while faecal sampling of both species was used to quantify abundance and spatial overlap. We found that female and male mountain nyala grazed during 87% and 50% of the feeding observations respectively. Although mountain nyala has earlier been classified as a browser, our findings indicate a feeding ecology closer to a grazer. The overall spatial overlap between mountain nyala and cattle was 22%, with a range of 2.4-100% among areas, and illegal cattle grazing was common. Based on the negative correlation in abundance, the similarity in feeding ecology and the relatively high spatial overlap we speculate that a competitive interaction between mountain nyala and cattle might occur. Our findings points to the potential for existence of a wildlife-cattle conflict also in the Ethiopian highlands, as frequently reported in savannah ecosystems. C1 [Atickem, Anagaw] Univ Oslo, CEES, Dept Biol, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Loe, Leif E.] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Ecol & Nat Resource Management, As, Norway. RP Loe, LE (corresponding author), Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Ecol & Nat Resource Management, As, Norway. EM leif.egil.loe@umb.no RI Loe, Leif Egil/M-5798-2016 OI Loe, Leif Egil/0000-0003-4804-2253 FU Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES); International Foundation for Science (IFS)International Foundation for Science FX We thank the Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), especially Nils Chr. Stenseth and Eli K. Rueness and the International Foundation for Science (IFS) for providing funding to purchase collars. We further thank Saint Louis Zoo, Conservation des Especes et des Populations and Riverbanks Zoo and Garden for supporting the field work. We thank three anonymous referees that improved a previous version of the manuscript. 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J. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 52 IS 3 BP 343 EP 351 DI 10.1111/aje.12126 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AM6DQ UT WOS:000339952800011 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Lesur, J Hildebrand, EA Abawa, G Gutherz, X AF Lesur, Josephine Hildebrand, Elisabeth A. Abawa, Gedef Gutherz, Xavier TI The advent of herding in the Horn of Africa: New data from Ethiopia, Djibouti and Somaliland SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID LATE PLEISTOCENE; EASTERN AFRICA; BALE MOUNTAINS; WEST ETHIOPIA; SITES; HIGHLANDS; ARCHAEOLOGY; VEGETATION; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE AB Although early food production is not as well-studied in the Horn of Africa as in other regions of the world, recent archaeological and archaeozoological studies have yielded new data suggesting that pastoral societies emerged at the beginning of the 2nd millennium BCE - two millennia later than in the neighbouring regions of the Sahel, NW Kenya, and Yemen. Understanding the processes through which herding began in the Horn is a complex task due to region's geographic position between multiple possible sources areas for livestock, and its immense environmental diversity caused by variations in topography and rainfall. Considering new evidence from Djibouti, Somalia, and southwest Ethiopia in tandem with prior data from multiple parts of the Horn, this article proposes that the diffusion of herding occurred via different processes in different areas. Data from northern and western parts of the Horn suggest slow migration of Sudanese groups and/or dense contacts with transfer of techniques and practices, beginning in foothills near today's Sudan border and, at least in the North, slowly spreading deep into the highlands of the Horn. In the eastern part of the Horn of Africa, herding practices and pottery technology may have come from Yemen via contacts across the Red Sea, or from Sudan via contacts through the coastal plain of Eritrea and/or the northern highlands of the Horn; because ceramics are absent or of specific local design it is likely that herding began via selective adoption of domestic animals rather than through in-migration of pastoralists. In the southwestern highlands of Ethiopia, livestock and pottery (with no foreign influence) appear much later, at the end of the 1st millennium BCE. Several environmental factors may have helped maintain southwest Ethiopia as a cultural isolate where people had only a late interest in switching their subsistence to food production and where incorporation of livestock and ceramic production took place in longstanding, highly conservative, technological and economic systems. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 [Lesur, Josephine] CNRS, Museum Natl Hist Nat, UMR 7209, F-75005 Paris, France. [Hildebrand, Elisabeth A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Anthropol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Hildebrand, Elisabeth A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Turkana Basin Inst, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Abawa, Gedef] Univ Bergen, Archaeol Hist Cultural Studies & Relig Inst, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Gutherz, Xavier] Univ Montpellier 3, CNRS, Minist Culture, INRAP,UMR 5140, F-34032 Montpellier, France. RP Lesur, J (corresponding author), CNRS, Museum Natl Hist Nat, UMR 7209, CP-55,55 Rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France. EM jolesur@mnhn.fr FU Wenner-Gren Foundation; Fulbright Scholarship; University of Paul Valary-Montpellier III; French Ministry of Foreign Affairs ("Premieres societes de production dans la Corne de l'Afrique" program); association ARCA (Archeologie de la Corne de l'Afrique); Institut Francais de Biodiversit FX Fieldwork in Kafa was funded by the Wenner-Gren Foundation (2004-2006 grant to EH), and a Fulbright Scholarship (2004-2005 to EH). Fieldwork at Mochena Borago (Ethiopia), at Asa Koma and Wakrita (Djibouti) and Laas Geel (Somaliland) was part of research project directed by Xavier Gutherz and supported by the University of Paul Valary-Montpellier III, by the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs ("Premieres societes de production dans la Corne de l'Afrique" program) and by the association ARCA (Archeologie de la Corne de l'Afrique). Jos phine Lesur's work at Mochena Borago was also financed by the Institut Francais de Biodiversit. 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PD SEP 1 PY 2014 VL 343 BP 148 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2013.11.024 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AN9ET UT WOS:000340909600012 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Reyes-Velasco, J Goutte, S Freilich, X Boissinot, S AF Reyes-Velasco, Jacobo Goutte, Sandra Freilich, Xenia Boissinot, Stephane TI Mitogenomics of historical type specimens clarifies the taxonomy of Ethiopian Ptychadena Boulenger, 1917 (Anura, Ptychadenidae) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Grass frogs; Historical DNA; Ptychadena; taxonomy; type specimens ID FROGS PTYCHADENIDAE; DIVERSITY; SELECTION; AMPHIBIA; SOFTWARE; KEY AB The taxonomy of the Ptychadena neumanni species complex, a radiation of grass frogs inhabiting the Ethiopian highlands, has puzzled scientists for decades because of the morphological resemblance among its members. Whilst molecular phylogenetic methods allowed the discovery of several species in recent years, assigning pre-existing and new names to clades was challenged by the unavailability of molecular data for century-old type specimens. We used Illumina short reads to sequence the mitochondrial DNA of type specimens in this group, as well as ddRAD-seq analyses to resolve taxonomic uncertainties surrounding the P. neumanni species complex. The phylogenetic reconstruction revealed recurrent confusion between Ptychadena erlangeri (Ahl, 1924) and P. neumanni (Ahl, 1924) in the literature. The phylogeny also established that P. largeni Perret, 1994 represents a junior synonym of P. erlangeri (Ahl, 1924) and distinguished between two small species, P. nana Perret, 1994, restricted to the Arussi Plateau, and P. robeensis Goutte, Reyes-Velasco, Freilich, Kassie & Boissinot, 2021, which inhabits the Bale Mountains. The phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial DNA from type specimens also corroborate the validity of seven recently described species within the group. Our study shows how modern molecular tools applied to historical type specimens can help resolve long-standing taxonomic issues in cryptic species complexes. C1 [Reyes-Velasco, Jacobo; Goutte, Sandra; Boissinot, Stephane] New York Univ Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. [Freilich, Xenia] CUNY Queens Coll, Dept Biol, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. RP Boissinot, S (corresponding author), New York Univ Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. EM stephane.boissinot@nyu.ed FU NYUAD [AD180]; NYUAD Research Institute grant [G1205A] FX We thank curators and collection managers from multiple institutions, including Bezawork Afework Bogale and M. Ketema, Natural History Collection, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; Jeff Streicher, Natural History Museum, London; Andreas Schmitz, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneve; Mark-Oliver Rodel and Frank Tillack, Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin. Multiple undergraduate students and postdoctoral researchers helped with fieldwork. Kyle O'connell provided useful tips for the extraction of DNA from museum material. Yann Bourgeois assisted with the use of MITObim. Yann Bourgeois and Joseph Manthey provided helpful suggestions on an earlier version of this manuscript. We are in debt with Marc Arnoux and Nizar Drou, from the Genome Core Facility and the Bioinformatics group at NYUAD. This research was carried out on the High-Performance Computing resources at New York University Abu Dhabi. We also thank Simon Maddock and Lois Rancilhac for reviewing an earlier version of this manuscript, which helped improve the article.This project was funded by NYUAD Grant AD180 to SB. The NYUAD Sequencing Core is supported by NYUAD Research Institute grant G1205A to the NYUAD Center for Genomics and Systems Biology. 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This study addressed the effects of topographic aspect and vegetation community types on soil physical and chemical properties in the Bale Mountains, south-eastern highlands of Ethiopia. At each stratified vegetation community; Schefflera-Hagenia, Hypericum-Erica-Schefflera, and Erica arborea (shrub size), and in each of the four topographic aspects, four representative soil profiles giving a total of 3 x 4 x 4 = 48 were opened and described. Soil texture, bulk density, soil pH, plant available phosphor-us, CEC, exchangeable base cations, and percent base saturations were analyzed and interpreted. Except in few cases, all considered soil properties showed significant differences among vegetation communities and topographic aspects. The differences may be attributed to leaching and differences in organic matter (carbon) contents within the soil profiles due to topographic aspect-induced microclimatic differences, reflecting the response of vegetation communities to the conditions. Soil textural fractions, mainly silt and clay, bulk density, pH, plant available phosphorus, percent base saturation, CEC, and exchangeable base cations generally increased in the Schefflera-Hagenia vegetation community zone. Further studies might be required to fully understand and clarify the influence of aspect, topography and vegetation types on soil properties for site-specific soil resource management practices in this mountainous area. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Wondo Genet Coll Forestry, Shashemene, Ethiopia. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Soil Sci, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Yimer, F (corresponding author), Wondo Genet Coll Forestry, POB 128, Shashemene, Ethiopia. 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PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 232 IS 1-3 BP 90 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.05.055 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 075DV UT WOS:000239864300011 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Fu, XL Shao, MA Wei, XR Horton, R AF Fu, Xiaoli Shao, Mingan Wei, Xiaorong Horton, Robert TI Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen as affected by vegetation types in Northern Loess Plateau of China SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Soil organic carbon; Total nitrogen; Vegetation type; Northern Loess Plateau ID LAND-USE CHANGE; BALE MOUNTAINS; WATER EROSION; STORAGE; SEQUESTRATION; DYNAMICS; ETHIOPIA; TILLAGE; LOSSES; STOCKS AB One of the most fragile areas in the China Loess Plateau, is the transitional belt that is subjected to wind and water erosion. The transitional belt accounts for about 30% of the Loess Plateau area. To reduce soil degradation in the Loess Plateau, the Chinese government initiated a state-funded vegetation restoration project in 1999. The effectiveness of this project on transitional belt soils is unknown. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of four dominant vegetation types on soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) in a selected catchment within the transitional belt. Korshinsk Peashrub (KOP), purple alfalfa (ALF). and natural fallow (NAF) were selected as vegetation restoration types because they have been used widely to remedy soil degradation. The fourth vegetation type selected was millet (MIL) because it has been an important crop in the region. In 2004, four 61 x 5 m plots were established on 12 degrees slope land. The plots were parallel and separated by 80 cm. Based upon soil samples collected in August of 2007, there were large variations in the distributions and stocks of SOC and N across the four vegetation types. Compared with MIL, KOP significantly increased the concentration and stock of SOC and total nitrogen (TN) in 0-100 cm soil profiles, while ALF and NAF were not significantly different. The distributions of SOC and TIN concentrations and stocks of KOP, ALF and NAF were relatively uniform along a hillslope, while there was an increasing trend along the hillslope in MIL This result suggests that ALF and NAF would be beneficial in SOC and TN sequestration over a long-term because of their ability to reduce the loss of SOC and TN by soil erosion. We also found that both vegetation types and hillslope position had no significant effects on C:N ratio. Our Study demonstrated that improvements of SOC and TN stocks in the transitional belt could be made through well managed vegetation restoration measures. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Fu, Xiaoli; Shao, Mingan; Wei, Xiaorong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming Loess P, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Fu, Xiaoli; Shao, Mingan; Wei, Xiaorong] Minist Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Fu, Xiaoli] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. [Horton, Robert] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Shao, MA (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming Loess P, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM mashao@ms.iswc.ac.cn FU National Key Basic Research ProjectNational Basic Research Program of China [2007CB106803]; Natural Science Foundations of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [40801111]; Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences; West Light Foundation of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences FX Financial support for this research came from the National Key Basic Research Project (2007CB106803), the Natural Science Foundations of China (40801111), innovation team project of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and West Light Foundation of Chinese Academy of Sciences. We thank Dr. John Zhang for his constructive suggestions, and Qian Zhang and Yong Li for their assistance with field sampling and laboratory measurements. 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A, 2n = 34, NFa = 32 (32A + XA + YA), from five localities of the Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia, were analyzed. In both species all autosomes contained C-positive pericentromeric blocks. In M. mahomet, heterochromatin blocks of different chromosomes varied in size. In addition, the X chromosomes of both species contained a pericentromeric block and showed more intensive staining throughout the chromosome. The Y chromosome was two times larger in Mus sp. A than in M. mahomet and C-positive in both species. Comparative analysis of G-banding patterns revealed a similarity with respect to nine autosomes and the X chromosome. Autosome 1 of Mus sp, A was demonstrated to result from centromere-telomere fusion of two M. mahomet acrocentrics, The other five autosomes represent different linkage groups determining a specificity of the karyotypes. The karyotypes of M. mahomet and Mus sp. A were also compared with that of M. musculus. The evolution of M. mahomet and Mus sp. 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This is a particular concern with endangered species characterized by small population sizes. From June 2016 to May 2017, we measured the effects of human activities on daily the activity budget and home range size of mountain nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni), an endemic antelope of the Ethiopian highlands. We tracked two groups of mountain nyala from two study sites that differ in the level of human activities; Adaba-Dodola Community Conservation Area (Adaba-Dodola CCA) and Arsi Mountains National Park (Arsi Mountains NP). Our results showed that the time spent on vigilance and movement was dramatically higher in Adaba-Dodola Community CCA, where human presence is significant, than in Arsi Mountains NP, whereas the opposite was true for time spent foraging and resting. In addition, mean home range size (95% KDE) was significantly larger for the Adaba-Dodola CCA group (13 +/- 7.4 km(2)) than for the Arsi Mountains NP group (6.3 +/- 2.7 km(2)) covering larger areas during the dry season (18.7 +/- 6.9 km(2)) than the wet season (4.9 +/- 1.0 km(2)). The finding that increased investment in vigilance and movement trade-off against the restorative behaviors of foraging and resting in human-disturbed areas have implications for conservation managements; specifically, it underscores the need to (i) establish the fitness consequences of behavioral changes, and (ii) monitoring behavioral change in the disturbed population with the aim of bringing it closer to the undis-turbed baseline. The study highlights the importance of protected areas, limiting human activities and monitoring the behavioral change of endangered species in human-disturbed areas. C1 [Worku, Ejigu Alemayehu; Stenseth, Nils Chr] Univ Oslo, Dept Biosci, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth CEES, POB 1066, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Atickem, Anagaw; Bekele, Afework] Addis Ababa Univ, Dept Zool Sci, POB 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Bro-Jorgensen, Jakob] Univ Liverpool, Dept Evolut Ecol & Behav, Mammalian Behav & Evolut Grp, Neston CH64 7TE, England. [Evangelista, Paul] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, B254 NESB, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Worku, EA (corresponding author), Univ Oslo, Dept Biosci, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth CEES, POB 1066, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. EM ejiguaw@student.matnat.uio.no FU Norwegian State Educational Loan Fund (Lanekassen) under the Quota Scheme FX The financial support to Ejigu Alemayehu Worku from the Norwegian State Educational Loan Fund (Lanekassen) under the Quota Scheme is indebted. This research received logistic and institutional support from the Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES) of the University of Oslo, Norway. We are grateful to the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority and Oromia Forest and Wildlife Enterprise for permitting us to conduct this research. We thank research assistants Abebaw Limenh and Jemal Kedir for their valuable help. 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PD DEC PY 2021 VL 32 AR e01900 DI 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01900 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WZ3AW UT WOS:000719844300013 OA gold DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Lemma, B Gurmessa, SK Nemomissa, S Otte, I Glaser, B Zech, M AF Lemma, Bruk Gurmessa, Seifu Kebede Nemomissa, Sileshi Otte, Insa Glaser, Bruno Zech, Michael TI Spatial and temporal H-2 and O-18 isotope variation of contemporary precipitation in the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia* SO ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES LA English DT Article DE Ethopia; hydrogen-2; isotope hydrology; meteoric water line; natural isotope variations; oxygen-18; precipitation; seasonal effect; weather ID METEORIC WATER LINE; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; LATE PLEISTOCENE; STABLE-ISOTOPES; CLIMATE; LAKE; SEA AB East Africa is an underrepresented region in respect of monitoring the stable isotopic composition of precipitation (delta O-18(prec) and delta H-2(prec)). In 2017, we collected precipitation samples from ten weather stations located along an altitudinal transect ranging from 1304 to 4375 m a.s.l. The delta O-18(prec) and delta H-2(prec) values varied from -8.7 to +3.7 parts per thousand and -38 to +29 parts per thousand, respectively. The local meteoric water line is characterised by a lower slope, a higher intercept and more positive d-excess values (delta H-2 = 5.3 +/- 0.2 * delta O-18 + 14.9 +/- 0.9) compared to the global meteoric water line. Both altitude and amount of precipitation clearly correlate with our isotope data. However, the delta O-18(prec) and delta H-2(prec) values show at the same time a seasonal pattern reflecting rainy versus dry season. More enriched isotope values prevailed shortly after the end of the dry season; more depleted isotope values coincided with high precipitation amounts recorded in May, August and September. Moreover, HYSPLIT trajectories reveal that during the dry season water vapour originates primarily from the Arabian Sea, whereas during the wet season it originates primarily from the Southern Indian Ocean. These findings challenge the traditional amount effect interpretation of paleoclimate isotope records from East Africa and rather point to a previously underestimated source effect. C1 [Lemma, Bruk; Glaser, Bruno; Zech, Michael] Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Agron & Nutr Sci, Soil Biogeochem, Halle, Germany. [Lemma, Bruk] Forest & Rangeland Biodivers Directorate, Ethiopian Biodivers Inst, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Gurmessa, Seifu Kebede] Addis Ababa Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Gurmessa, Seifu Kebede] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Ctr Water Resources Res, Sch Agr Earth & Environm Sci, Durban, South Africa. [Nemomissa, Sileshi] Addis Ababa Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Biodivers Management, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Otte, Insa] Philipps Univ Marburg, Fac Geog, Environm Informat, Marburg, Germany. [Zech, Michael] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Geog, Dresden, Germany. RP Lemma, B (corresponding author), Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Agron & Nutr Sci, Soil Biogeochem, Halle, Germany.; Lemma, B (corresponding author), Forest & Rangeland Biodivers Directorate, Ethiopian Biodivers Inst, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM bruklemma@gmail.com RI Glaser, Bruno/ABC-1676-2021; Zech, Michael/F-8026-2018 OI Glaser, Bruno/0000-0002-3057-3868; Zech, Michael/0000-0002-9586-0390; Lemma, Bruk/0000-0002-9943-2158; Kebede Gurmessa, Seifu/0000-0003-0283-2014 FU German Research Foundation within the DFG Research Unit 'The Mountain Exile Hypothesis' [DFG GL327/18-1, ZE844/10-1]; Catholic Academic Exchange Services (KAAD, Germany) FX This research work funded by the German Research Foundation within the DFG Research Unit 'The Mountain Exile Hypothesis' [DFG GL327/18-1, ZE844/10-1]. Mr. Bruk Lemma expresses his gratitude to the Catholic Academic Exchange Services (KAAD, Germany) for the PhD fellowship. 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Environ. Health Stud. PD MAR 3 PY 2020 VL 56 IS 2 SI SI BP 122 EP 135 DI 10.1080/10256016.2020.1717487 EA JAN 2020 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LM9WO UT WOS:000512289900001 PM 32008378 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Sumbera, R Lovy, M Marino, J Simek, M Skliba, J AF Sumbera, Radim Lovy, Matej Marino, Jorgelina Simek, Miloslav Skliba, Jan TI Gas composition and its daily changes within burrows and nests of an Afroalpine fossorial rodent, the giant root-rat Tachyoryctes macrocephalus SO ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE burrow atmosphere; fossorial rodent; afroalpine; Tachyoryctes ID DAILY ACTIVITY PATTERNS; SUBTERRANEAN MOLE-RAT; TOLERANCE; HELIOPHOBIUS AB Fossorial mammals are supposed to face hypoxic and hypercapnic conditions, but such conditions have been rarely encountered in their natural burrow systems. Gas composition in burrows after heavy rains, deeper burrows and especially nest chambers, where animals usually spend most of the day, could be even more challenging than in shallow burrows. Such situations, however, have been rarely surveyed in the wild. In our study, we determined concentrations of O-2, CO2 and CH4 in active burrows and nests of the giant root-rat Tachyoryctes macrocephalus, a large fossorial rodent endemic to the Afroalpine zone of the Bale Mountains in Ethiopia. We were able to determine the precise location of nests by tracking individuals equipped with radiocollars. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that analyses air samples taken directly from the nests of actually occupied burrow systems in any free-living fossorial mammal. We found no evidence for environmental hypoxia in the examined burrows and nests (range 19.7-21.6% O-2). Concentrations of CO2 in the burrows increased after the burrows were plugged in the evening, but did not reach physiologically problematic levels. The highest CO2 concentrations in burrows were detected in the evening during a wet period (up to 0.44%). In root-rat nest chambers, the highest (but still harmless) CO2 concentrations (up to 1.31%) were detected in the morning (measured in the late dry season only) together with an elevated concentration (up to 13.5 ppm) of CH4. Regular surface activity of giant root-rats, combined with the relatively large dimensions of their nest chambers and tunnels, and the absence of heavy soils, may contribute to harmless atmospheres within their burrow systems. C1 [Sumbera, Radim; Lovy, Matej; Skliba, Jan] Univ South Bohemia, Fac Sci, Branisovska 1760, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. [Marino, Jorgelina] Univ Oxford, Zool Dept, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit, Oxford, England. [Simek, Miloslav] CAS, Inst Soil Biol, Biol Ctr, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. RP Sumbera, R (corresponding author), Univ South Bohemia, Fac Sci, Branisovska 1760, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. EM sumbera@prf.jcu.cz RI Simek, Miloslav/G-1532-2014; Sumbera, Radim/D-9072-2016 OI Sumbera, Radim/0000-0001-8658-9378; Lovy, Matej/0000-0002-6451-2393 FU Czech Science Foundation GACRGrant Agency of the Czech Republic [P506/11/1512, 17-19896S]; ERCEuropean Research Council (ERC)European Commission [669609] FX The study was funded by the Czech Science Foundation GACR (P506/11/1512 and 17-19896S) and ERC (669609). 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Twenty-six new species are described and figured in detail: Trechus abalkhasimi sp. nov. (southeastern slope of Bale Mts, below Mt Abalkhasim); T. adaba sp. nov. (western Bale Mts, above Adaba); T. angavoensis sp. nov. (western Bale Mts, above Dodola); T. balesilvestris sp. nov. (western Bale Mts, above Adaba); T. bombi sp. nov. (southern escarpment of Bale Mts, Harenna Forest); T. colobus sp. nov. (western Bale Mts); T. depressipennis sp. nov. (northeastern margin of Sanetti Plateau, Bale Mts); T. dodola sp. nov. (western Bale Mts, above Dodola); T. fisehai sp. nov. (northern slope of Bale Mts, above Goba); T. grandipennis sp. nov. and T. hagenia sp. nov. (southern escarpment of Bale Mts, Harenna Forest); T. haggei sp. nov. (northeastern margin of Sanetti Plateau); T. harenna sp. nov. and T. harryi sp. nov. (southern escarpment of Bale Mts, Harenna Forest); T. iridescens sp. nov. (southeastern slope of Bale Mts, below Mt Abalk-hasim); T. mattisi sp. nov. (southern escarpment of Bale Mts, Harenna Forest); T. mekbibi sp. nov. (southern and western part of Bale Mts); T. minitrechus sp. nov. (northeastern slope of Mt Enkuolo); T. nanulus sp. nov. (southern escarpment of Bale Mts, Harenna Forest); T. nigrifemoralis sp. nov. and T. oppositus sp. nov. (western Bale Mts, above Dodola); T. rira sp. nov. (southern escarpment of Bale Mts, upper Rira Valley); T. sanettii sp. nov. (southeastern slope of Sanetti Plateau, Bale Mts); T. tragelaphus sp. nov. (western Bale Mts, above Dodola); T. transversicollis sp. nov. (southern escarpment of Bale Mts, Harenna Forest); T. wiersbowskyi sp. nov. (southern escarpment of Bale Mts, upper Rira Valley). New distributional data are provided for T. baleensis (Basilewsky, 1974), T. bastianinii Magrini & Sciaky, 2006, T. batuensis Magrini & Sciaky, 2006, T. chillalicus Jeannel, 1936, T. clarkeianus (Basilewsky, 1974), T. culminicola Jeannel, 1936, T. ericalis Magrini, Queinnec & Vigna Taglianti, 2013, T. gallorites Jeannel, 1936, T. gypaeti Vigna Taglianti & Magrini, 2010, T. oromiensis Magrini, Queinnec & Vigna Taglianti, 2012, T. relictus Magrini, Queinnec & Vigna Taglianti, 2012 and T. rotundicollis (Basilewsky, 1974). Cothresia robini Basilewsky, 1974 is considered a junior synonym of T. chillalicus Jeannel, 1936. A key to all species known to occur in the Bale Mts and adjacent volcanos is presented. C1 [Schmidt, Joachim] Univ Rostock, Inst Biosci Gen & Systemat Zool, Univ Pl 2, D-18055 Rostock, Germany. [Schmidt, Joachim] Univ Marburg, Fb Biol 17, Karl von Frisch Str 8, D-35043 Marburg, Germany. [Faille, Arnaud] Univ Pompeu Fabra, CSIC, Inst Evolutionary Biol, Passeig Maritim Barceloneta 37, Barcelona 08003, Spain. [Faille, Arnaud] CNRS, UMR 7179, MNHN, MECADEV, Paris, France. RP Faille, A (corresponding author), Univ Pompeu Fabra, CSIC, Inst Evolutionary Biol, Passeig Maritim Barceloneta 37, Barcelona 08003, Spain.; Faille, A (corresponding author), CNRS, UMR 7179, MNHN, MECADEV, Paris, France. EM schmidt@agonum.de; arnaud1140@yahoo.fr FU German Research CouncilGerman Research Foundation (DFG) [FOR 2358 OP-5-1] FX We are very grateful to all entomologists who provided specimens of Trechus for study. We thank the Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, University of Addis Ababa, the Ethiopia Biodiversity Institute, the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority, and the managements of the Bale Mountain and Arsi Mountain National Parks, for the possibility of carrying out field work in the Ethiopian Highlands. Mekbib Fekadu, Fiseha Getachew, Daniel Wiersbowsky, Yeshitla Merene Abebe, and Yitbarek Wolde-hawariat (Addis Ababa), Robert Beck (Munich), Katinka Thielsen, David Hauth, Georg Miehe, Thomas Nauss and Lars Opgenoorth (Marburg), and Mattis Berndt (Rostock) gave comprehensive support for the field work of JS in Ethiopia. We would like to thank Max Barclay (NHMUK), Achille Casale (Torino) and an anonymous reviewer for critical reading of the MS, and Thierry Deuve (MNHN) for allowing us access to the material of African Trechus at the MNHN. The study was supported by the German Research Council (FOR 2358 OP-5-1). 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J. Taxon. PD JUN 21 PY 2018 VL 446 BP 1 EP 82 DI 10.5852/ejt.2018.446 PG 82 WC Plant Sciences; Entomology; Zoology SC Plant Sciences; Entomology; Zoology GA GJ9LK UT WOS:000435722900001 OA Green Submitted, gold DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU van Kesteren, F Paris, M Macdonald, DW Millar, R Argaw, K Johnson, PJ Farstad, W Sillero-Zubiri, C AF van Kesteren, Freya Paris, Monique Macdonald, David W. Millar, Robert Argaw, Kifle Johnson, Paul J. Farstad, Wenche Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio TI The physiology of cooperative breeding in a rare social canid; sex, suppression and pseudopregnancy in female Ethiopian wolves SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Dominance rank; Estradiol; Ethiopian wolves; Glucocorticoids; Progesterone; Reproductive suppression ID AFRICAN WILD DOGS; FECAL GLUCOCORTICOID LEVELS; REPRODUCTIVE SUPPRESSION; PACK SIZE; PREGNANCY; BEHAVIOR; OVARIAN; ESTRUS; CYCLE; WOLF AB Ethiopian wolves, Cards simensis, differ from other cooperatively breeding canids in that they combine intense sociality with solitary foraging, making them a suitable species in which to study the physiology of cooperative breeding. The reproductive physiology of twenty wild female Ethiopian wolves (eleven dominant and nine subordinate) in Ethiopia's Bale Mountains National Park was studied non-invasively through the extraction and assaying of estradiol, progesterone and glucocorticoids in collected fecal samples using enzyme and radioimmunoassays. All dominant females showed increased estradiol concentrations and/or mating behavior during the annual mating season. In contrast, none of the subordinate females showed increased estradiol concentrations or mating behavior during the mating season. However, two subordinate females came into estrus outside of the mating season. Both dominant and subordinate females had higher average progesterone concentrations during the dominant female's pregnancy than at other times of the year, and two subordinate females allosuckled the dominant female's pups. No statistically significant differences in glucocorticoid concentrations were found between dominant and subordinate females. These results suggest that subordinate females are reproductively suppressed during the annual mating season, but may ovulate outside of the mating season and become pseudopregnant. No evidence was found to suggest that reproductive suppression in subordinate females was regulated through aggressive behaviors, and no relationship was found between fecal glucocorticoids and dominance status. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [van Kesteren, Freya; Macdonald, David W.; Johnson, Paul J.; Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit, Recanati Kaplan Ctr, Tubney OX13 5QL, England. [van Kesteren, Freya; Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio] Ethiopian Wolf Conservat Programme, Robe, Bale, Ethiopia. [van Kesteren, Freya; Paris, Monique; Millar, Robert] Univ Pretoria, Mammal Res Inst, IBREAM, ZA-0028 Pretoria, South Africa. [Paris, Monique] Univ Western Australia, Fac Nat & Agr Sci, Sch Anim Biol, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Argaw, Kifle] Ethiopian Wildlife Conservat Author, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Farstad, Wenche] Norwegian Sch Vet Sci, Dept Prod Anim Sci, N-0033 Oslo, Norway. RP van Kesteren, F (corresponding author), Univ Salford, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Cestode Zoonosis Res Grp, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. EM freyavankesteren@gmail.com OI van Kesteren, Freya/0000-0002-3034-9022; Millar, Robert P/0000-0003-3606-2708 FU Institute for Breeding Rare and Endangered African Mammals (IBREAM); Born Free Foundation; Wildlife Conservation Network; Peoples' Trust for Endangered Species; Prins Bernhard Cultuurfonds FX This research was funded mainly by the Institute for Breeding Rare and Endangered African Mammals (IBREAM). Prof. R. Millar (IBREAM director) and Dr. M. Paris (IBREAM research director) helped supervise the research, including the study design, sample analysis and writing up of results. 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In the framework of the resource dispersion hypothesis, we test the effect of resource abundance and spatial variation in resource distribution on the age/sex composition of social groups. 2. We explore these drivers of territory size and group size/composition in Ethiopian wolves Canis simensis in the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia, using fine-scale distribution maps of their major prey species based on satellite-derived vegetation maps. 3. The number of adult males is correlated with territory size, while prey density, wolf population density and intruder pressure are not associated with territory size. On average, each additional adult male increases territory size by 1.18 km(2). 4. Prey abundance increases with territory size (average biomass accumulation of 6 5 kg km(-2)), and larger territories provide greater per capita access to prime foraging habitat and prey. 5. The age/sex composition of wolf packs is more closely related to territory quality than territory size. 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Anim. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 81 IS 1 BP 24 EP 35 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01911.x PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 859BO UT WOS:000297849300004 PM 21954918 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Laurenson, K Sillero-Zubiri, C Thompson, H Shiferaw, F Thirgood, S Malcolm, J AF Laurenson, Karen Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio Thompson, Hal Shiferaw, Fekadu Thirgood, Simon Malcolm, James TI Disease as a threat to endangered species: Ethiopian wolves, domestic dogs and canine pathogens SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID HARBOR SEALS; DISTEMPER; RABIES; EPIDEMIC; SIMENSIS AB With increasing awareness of disease as an endangering process, an assessment of which pathogens might pose a problem and their patterns of infection in natural hosts is necessary. This paper examines the exposure of sympatric Ethiopian wolves (Canis simensis) and domestic dogs to canine distemper virus (CDV), canine adenovirus (CAV) and canine parvovirus (CPV) in the Bale region, Ethiopia and then relates these data to population trends of wolves. Wolves (n = 30) sampled between 1989 and 1992 had been exposed to CDV, CAV and CPV, but only CAV might be able to persist in this wolf population. Anecdotal and serological evidence suggested that an epidemic of CDV occurred in the dog population of the Bale Mountains National Park (BMNP) in 1992-93. All park dogs born since this time were seronegative to CDV, although some young dogs in the nearby urban population were seropositive. Despite evidence of CAV infection in wolves, none of the dogs sampled in the park were CAV seropositive, although this virus appeared highly seroprevalent and endemic in urban dogs. All dogs tested for CPV antibodies were seropositive. The BMNP wolf population declined in the late 1980s and early 1990s, with rabies responsible for a dramatic population reduction between 1990 and 1992. Although the population declined further up until 1995, it is not possible to assess whether the concurrent canine distemper epidemic in park dogs also affected wolves. Nevertheless, with evidence of rabies, CDV, CAV and CPV infections in sympatric domestic dogs and Ethiopian wolves, canid diseases clearly pose a significant threat to the future persistence of this Ethiopian wolf population. C1 [Laurenson, Karen] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England. [Laurenson, Karen; Thompson, Hal] Univ Glasgow, Sch Vet, Canine Infect Dis Res Unit, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio] Wildlife Conservat Res Unit, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. [Thirgood, Simon] Game Conservancy Trust, Newtonmore PH20 1BE, Inverness, Scotland. [Shiferaw, Fekadu] Ethiopian Wildlife Conservat Org, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Malcolm, James] Univ Redlands, Dept Biol, Redlands, CA 92373 USA. RP Laurenson, K (corresponding author), Royal Dick Sch Vet Studies, Dept Trop Anim Hlth, Epidemiol Unit, Roslin EH25 9RG, Midlothian, Scotland. EM karen.laurenson@ed.ac.uk FU People's Trust for Endangered Species; African Wildlife Foundation; Wildlife Conservation Society; Zoological Society of London; Deutsches Tierhilfswerk; Born Free Foundation FX We would like to thank the People's Trust for Endangered Species, the African Wildlife Foundation, the Wildlife Conservation Society, the Zoological Society of London, Deutsches Tierhilfswerk and the Born Free Foundation for financial support for this work. We are grateful to Edriss Ebu, Mulat Tegegn, Dinku Degu, Dr Esayas and Kassim Biftoo for helping to collect and store samples and to Ann Weir for carrying out the serological analysis. The Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Organisation and Steve Albon kindly gave encouragement and logistical support. 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Conserv. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 1 IS 4 BP 273 EP 280 DI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.1998.tb00038.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V71EF UT WOS:000204810500006 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Hendrickx, H Jacob, M Frankl, A Nyssen, J AF Hendrickx, Hanne Jacob, Miro Frankl, Amaury Nyssen, Jan TI Glacial and periglacial geomorphology and its paleoclimatological significance in three North Ethiopian Mountains, including a detailed geomorphological map SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Glacial and periglacial geomorphology; Avalanche-fed glacier; Quaternary environment; Paleoclimate ID QUATERNARY GLACIATION; BALE MOUNTAINS; MAPPING SYSTEM; AFRICA; VARIABILITY; HIGHLANDS; BEHAVIOR; DURMITOR; CLIMATE AB Geomorphological investigations and detailed mapping of past and present (peri)glacial landforms are required in order to understand the impact of climatic anomalies. The Ethiopian Highlands show a great variety in past and contemporary climate, and therefore, in the occurrence of glacial and periglacial landforms. However, only a few mountain areas have been studied, and detailed geomorphological understanding is lacking. In order to allow a fine reconstruction of the impact of the past glacial cycle on the geomorphology, vegetation complexes, and temperature anomalies, a detailed geomorphological map of three mountain areas (Mt. Ferrah Amba, 12 degrees 51'N 39 degrees 29'E; Mt. Lib Amba, 12 degrees 04'N 39 degrees 22'; and Mt. Abuna Yosef, 12 degrees 08'N 39 degrees 11'E) was produced. In all three study areas, inactive solifluction lobes, presumably from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), were found. In the highest study area of Abuna Yosef, three sites were discovered bearing morainic material from small late Pleistocene glaciers. These marginal glaciers occurred below the modeled snowline and existed because of local topo-climatic conditions. Evidence of such Pleistocene avalanche-fed glaciers in Ethiopia (and Africa) has not been produced earlier. Current frost action is limited to frost cracks and small-scale patterned ground phenomena. The depression of the attitudinal belts of periglacial and glacial processes during the last cold period was assessed through periglacial and glacial land-form mapping and comparisons with data from other mountain areas taking latitude into account. The depression of glacial and perigladal belts of approximately 600 m implies a temperature drop around 6 degrees C in the last cold period. This cooling is in line with temperature depressions elsewhere in East Africa during the LGM. This study serves as a case study for all the intermediate mountains (3500-4200 m) of the North Ethiopian highlands. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hendrickx, Hanne; Jacob, Miro; Frankl, Amaury; Nyssen, Jan] Univ Ghent, Dept Geog, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RP Hendrickx, H (corresponding author), Univ Ghent, Dept Geog, Krijgslaan 281 S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. EM hannehendr@gmail.com RI Nyssen, Jan/B-8280-2009; Jacob, Miro/D-9355-2017; Frankl, Amaury/J-5908-2012 OI Nyssen, Jan/0000-0002-2666-3860; Frankl, Amaury/0000-0002-1685-2780; Hendrickx, Hanne/0000-0001-8400-652X FU Ghent University (Fonds IV1) through its Special Research Fund (BOF); Belgian Development Cooperation through VLIR-UOS FX We acknowledge the assistance of four anonymous reviewers as well as that of Editor Richard Marston. This study was funded by Ghent University (Fonds IV1) through its Special Research Fund (BOF). H. Hendrickx benefited from a travel grant to Ethiopia awarded by the Belgian Development Cooperation through VLIR-UOS. Thanks go to Kidane Giday, Getachew Gebremedhin, and Gebrekidan Mesfin for their assistance with the fieldwork. Mekelle University provided administrative and logistic support. The authors like to thank Danielle Schram of the sedimentological lab at Ghent University. This research was carried out as part of H. Hendrickx' Master's thesis at Ghent University. Christiane Andries, Peter Hendrickx, and Willem Bockx are thanked for their help and support. 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Yet, their diversity in freshwater lakes, particularly in high-mountain lakes, is relatively unknown compared with the marine environment. Low nutrient availability, low water temperature and high ultraviolet radiation make most high-mountain lakes extremely challenging habitats for life and require specific molecular and physiological adaptations. We therefore expected that these ecosystems support a plankton diversity that differs notably from other freshwater lakes. In addition, we hypothesized that the communities under study exhibit geographic structuring. Our rationale was that geographic dispersal of small-sized eukaryotes in high-mountain lakes over continental distances seems difficult. We analysed hypervariable V4 fragments of the SSU rRNA gene to compare the genetic microbial eukaryote diversity in high-mountain lakes located in the European Alps, the Chilean Altiplano and the Ethiopian Bale Mountains. Microbial eukaryotes were not globally distributed corroborating patterns found for bacteria, multicellular animals and plants. Instead, the plankton community composition emerged as a highly specific fingerprint of a geographic region even on higher taxonomic levels. The intraregional heterogeneity of the investigated lakes was mirrored in shifts in microbial eukaryote community structure, which, however, was much less pronounced compared with interregional beta-diversity. Statistical analyses revealed that on a regional scale, environmental factors are strong predictors for plankton community structures in high-mountain lakes. While on long-distance scales (> 10 000 km), isolation by distance is the most plausible scenario, on intermediate scales (up to 6000 km), both contemporary environmental factors and historical contingencies interact to shift plankton community structures. C1 [Filker, Sabine; Stoeck, Thorsten] Univ Kaiserslautern, Dept Ecol, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Sommaruga, Ruben] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ecol, Lake & Glacier Res Grp, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Vila, Irma] Univ Chile, Fac Sci, Dept Ecol Sci, Santiago, Chile. RP Stoeck, T (corresponding author), Univ Kaiserslautern, Dept Ecol, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. EM stoeck@rhrk.uni-kl.de RI Sommaruga, Ruben/E-5335-2011; Filker, Sabine/Q-7496-2018; Sommaruga, Ruben/P-6626-2019 OI Sommaruga, Ruben/0000-0002-1055-2461; Filker, Sabine/0000-0002-4544-8277; Sommaruga, Ruben/0000-0002-1055-2461 FU CONICYTComision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) [1140543]; APPEAR program; Austrian Science Fund (FWF)Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [BACK-ALP P24442-B25]; Austrian Science Fund (FWF)Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P 24442] Funding Source: researchfish FX We thank Josef Franzoi, Gry Larsen and Salvador Morales-Gomez (Austria) and Vilma Barrera (Chile) for water chemical analyses and Anna Waibel, Birgit Stenzel, Hannes Peter, Artur Hepberger (Austria), Eyasu Shuba (Ethiopia), Sergio Scott, Jose Carvajal, Juan Pablo Oyanedel and Ignacio Tobar (Chile) for helping during sampling. Furthermore, we thank four anonymous reviewers, who were extremely helpful and constructive with their comments and notably improved a previous version of this manuscript. Sampling in Chile was supported by a grant from CONICYT 1140543 to I.V., in Ethiopia by the APPEAR program to R.S. and in Austria by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF, Project BACK-ALP P24442-B25) to R.S. 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PD MAY PY 2016 VL 25 IS 10 BP 2286 EP 2301 DI 10.1111/mec.13633 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DN4HF UT WOS:000377024200014 PM 27029537 OA Green Accepted, Green Published DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Razgour, O Kasso, M Santos, H Juste, J AF Razgour, Orly Kasso, Mohammed Santos, Helena Juste, Javier TI Up in the air: Threats to Afromontane biodiversity from climate change and habitat loss revealed by genetic monitoring of the Ethiopian Highlands bat SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE approximate Bayesian computation; bats; climate change; conservation genetics; endemic species; land‐ use change; tropical montane forests ID LONG-EARED BATS; BALE-MOUNTAINS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; DNA-SEQUENCE; SKY ISLANDS; SOFTWARE; PLECOTUS; HISTORY; DIVERSIFICATION AB While climate change is recognized as a major future threat to biodiversity, most species are currently threatened by extensive human-induced habitat loss, fragmentation and degradation. Tropical high-altitude alpine and montane forest ecosystems and their biodiversity are particularly sensitive to temperature increases under climate change, but they are also subject to accelerated pressures from land conversion and degradation due to a growing human population. We studied the combined effects of anthropogenic land-use change, past and future climate changes and mountain range isolation on the endemic Ethiopian Highlands long-eared bat, Plecotus balensis, an understudied bat that is restricted to the remnant natural high-altitude Afroalpine and Afromontane habitats. We integrated ecological niche modelling, landscape genetics and model-based inference to assess the genetic, geographic and demographic impacts of past and recent environmental changes. We show that mountain range isolation and historic climates shaped population structure and patterns of genetic variation, but recent anthropogenic land-use change and habitat degradation are associated with a severe population decline and loss of genetic diversity. Models predict that the suitable niche of this bat has been progressively shrinking since the last glaciation period. This study highlights threats to Afroalpine and Afromontane biodiversity, squeezed to higher altitudes under climate change while losing genetic diversity and suffering population declines due to anthropogenic land-use change. We conclude that the conservation of tropical montane biodiversity requires a holistic approach, using genetic, ecological and geographic information to understand the effects of environmental changes across temporal scales and simultaneously addressing the impacts of multiple threats. C1 [Razgour, Orly] Univ Exeter, Biosci, Exeter, Devon, England. 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Appl. PD MAR PY 2021 VL 14 IS 3 BP 794 EP 806 DI 10.1111/eva.13161 EA DEC 2020 PG 13 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA QZ5IA UT WOS:000596197600001 PM 33767753 OA Green Published, gold DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Johansson, MU Frisk, CA Nemomissa, S Hylander, K AF Johansson, Maria U. Frisk, Carl A. Nemomissa, Sileshi Hylander, Kristoffer TI Disturbance from traditional fire management in subalpine heathlands increases Afro-alpine plant resilience to climate change SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; competition; cultural landscapes; pastoral fire; plant community assembly; range margin; REDD; warm-edge distribution limits ID BALE-MOUNTAINS; AFRICAN HIGHLANDS; RANGE SHIFTS; LAND-USE; VEGETATION; DIVERSITY; DYNAMICS; SUCCESSION; LANDSCAPES; BIODIVERSITY AB Species are often controlled by biotic factors such as competition at the warm edge of their distribution range. Disturbances at the treeline, disrupting competitive dominance, may thus enable alpine species to utilize lower altitudes. We searched for evidence for range expansion in grazed, fire-managed Ethiopian subalpine Erica heathlands across a 25-year chronosequence. We examined vascular plant composition in 48 plots (5x5m) across an altitudinal range of 3,465-3,711m.a.s.l. and analyzed how community composition changed in relation to increasing competition over time (using a Shade index based on Erica shrub height and cover) and altitude. Species habitats and altitudinal ranges were derived from literature. Time since fire explained more variation (r(2)=.41) in species composition than altitude did (r(2)=.32) in an NMDS analysis. Community-weighted altitudinal optima for species in a plot decreased strongly with increasing shade (GLM, Standardized Regression Coefficient SRC=-.41, p=.003), but increased only weakly with altitude (SRC=.26, p=.054). In other words, young stands were dominated by species with higher altitudinal optima than old stands. Forest species richness increased with Log Shade index (SRC=.12, p=.008), but was unaffected by altitude (SRC=-.07, p=.13). However, richness of alpine and heathland species was not highest in plots with lowest Shade index, but displayed a unimodal pattern with an initial increase, followed by a decrease when shading increased (altitude was not significant). Our results indicate that disturbance from the traditional patch burning increases the available habitat for less competitive high-altitude plants and prevents tree line ascent. Therefore, maintaining, but regulating, the traditional land use increases the Afro-alpine flora's resilience to global warming. However, this system is threatened by a new REDD+ program attempting to increase carbon storage via fire suppression. This study highlights the importance of understanding traditional management regimes for biodiversity conservation in cultural landscapes in an era of global change. C1 [Johansson, Maria U.; Frisk, Carl A.; Hylander, Kristoffer] Stockholm Univ, Dept Ecol Environm & Plant Sci, Stockholm, Sweden. [Johansson, Maria U.; Hylander, Kristoffer] Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, Stockholm, Sweden. [Nemomissa, Sileshi] Addis Ababa Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Biodivers Management, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Frisk, Carl A.] Univ Worcester, Natl Pollen & Aerobiol Res Unit, Inst Sci & Environm, Worcester, England. RP Johansson, MU (corresponding author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Ecol Environm & Plant Sci, Stockholm, Sweden. 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Change Biol. PD JUL PY 2018 VL 24 IS 7 BP 2952 EP 2964 DI 10.1111/gcb.14121 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GL6GM UT WOS:000437281500019 PM 29635859 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Negasa, T Ketema, H Legesse, A Sisay, M Temesgen, H AF Negasa, Tariku Ketema, Haile Legesse, Abiyot Sisay, Mulugeta Temesgen, Habtamu TI Variation in soil properties under different land use types managed by smallholder farmers along the toposequence in southern Ethiopia SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Land use; Slope category; Soil depth; Soil physico-chemical properties ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE; BALE MOUNTAINS; LANDSCAPE; NITROGEN AB Understanding soil properties under different land use types along toposequences is vital in determining the types of soil management practices that could be implemented by smallholder farmers for improving the soil health as well as soil productivity. It is also important in addressing the issues, of agricultural sustainability. With the objectives of investigating variation in soil properties under different land use types managed by smallholder farmers along the toposequences, three land use types: agroforestry land (AG), cultivated land (CL) and grazing land (GL) under three slope categories (upper, middle and lower slope) were selected in southern Ethiopia, Deko watershed. A total of 108 composite soil samples [3 treatments (land use types) 3 replications 3 slope categories (upper, middle and lower) 4 soil depth layers: 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm and >60 cm] were collected for laboratory analyses. In addition, undisturbed soil samples were taken using core sampler from each soil depth for the determination of soil bulk density. To infer the biological properties of the soils naked eye soil macro-fauna (NEMF) was counted. The results showed that among the soil properties sand (p < 0.001), clay (p = 0.002), soil bulk density (p < 0.001), soil reactio (pH, p < 0.001), Electrical conductivity (EC, p < 0.001), Soil organic carbon (SOC %, p < 0.001), Total nitrogen (TN %, p = 0.001) and NEMF (p < 0.001) have shown a significant variation among the land use types while sand (p = 0.027), silt (p = 0.001), clay (p < 0.001), SOC (p < 0.001) and TN (p = 0.002) exhibiting significant variation among the slope categories. Similarly, variation of soil bulk density (p < 0.001), soil pH (p < 0.001), SOC (p < 0.001), TN (p = 0.002) and NNEMF (p < 0.001) were also statistically significant along the soil depth. Clay was the dominant soil textural fraction showing an increasing trend along the toposequence. Agroforestry land use type has the higher SOC, TN, pH values and EC while cultivated land use type having relatively low amount of SOC, TN, pH and EC. The lower values on cultivated land use types were due to the effects of continuous tillage practices by the smallholder farmers in the area. Slope had minimum effect on soil pH, EC, soil bulk density and the number of observable macro-faunas in the area. Moreover, SOC and TN were increased down the slope on the cultivated land use types of the area. The role of erosion is magnificent in removing SOC and TN from upper slope to lower slope as the area is more vulnerable to erosion due rugged topography. Thus, applying soil and water conservation measures on cultivated land use types play a vital role in minimizing the removal of soils down the slope. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Negasa, Tariku; Ketema, Haile; Sisay, Mulugeta; Temesgen, Habtamu] Dilla Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, Dilla, Ethiopia. [Legesse, Abiyot] Dilla Univ, Coll Social Sci, Dept Geog & Environm Study, Dilla, Ethiopia. RP Negasa, T (corresponding author), Dilla Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, Dilla, Ethiopia. EM tare4x@gmail.com; haileketema2005@yahoo.com; abiyottura@gmail.com; mamuler@gmail.com; habte023@yahoo.com RI Kura, Abiyot/AAZ-9508-2021 OI Kura, Abiyot Legesse/0000-0003-4801-9205 FU Dilla University FX We thank Dilla University for financially supporting this study. We are also very grateful for willingness of farmers in the study area who allowed us to conduct our research on their farms. We also extend our thanks for assistant we have got from ministry of Agriculture and Rural development office at woreda level of the study area. Last but not least, we thank also development agents found at kebele level for their assistance during soil data collection. 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Markowska, Monika Bachofer, Felix Foerster, Verena E. Asrat, Asfawossen Zielhofer, Christoph Trauth, Martin H. Junginger, Annett TI Determining the Pace and Magnitude of Lake Level Changes in Southern Ethiopia Over the Last 20,000 Years Using Lake Balance Modeling and SEBAL SO FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE African humid period; precipitation changes; abrupt and gradual changes; Chew Bahir; Lake Abaya; Lake Chamo; human-environment interaction ID AFRICAN HUMID PERIOD; HOLOCENE CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHERN KENYA; LATE PLEISTOCENE; ENERGY-BALANCE; MAPPING EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; RAINFALL VARIABILITY; BALE MOUNTAINS; RECORD; BASIN AB The Ethiopian rift is known for its diverse landscape, ranging from arid and semi-arid savannahs to high and humid mountainous regions. Lacustrine sediments and paleo-shorelines indicate water availability fluctuated dramatically from deep fresh water lakes, to shallow highly alkaline lakes, to completely desiccated lakes. To investigate the role lakes have played through time as readily available water sources to humans, an enhanced knowledge of the pace, character and magnitude of these changes is essential. Hydro-balance models are used to calculate paleo-precipitation rates and the potential pace of lake level changes. However, previous models did not consider changes in hydrological connectivity during humid periods in the rift system, which may have led to an overestimation of paleo-precipitation rates. Here we present a comprehensive hydro-balance modeling approach that simulates multiple rift lakes from the southern Ethiopian Rift (lakes Abaya, Chamo, and paleo-lake Chew Bahir) simultaneously, considering their temporal hydrological connectivity during high stands of the African Humid Period (AHP, similar to 15-5 ka). We further used the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) to calculate the evaporation of paleo-lake Chew Bahir's catchment. We also considered the possibility of an additional rainy season during the AHP as previously suggested by numerous studies. The results suggest that an increase in precipitation of 20-30% throughout the southern Ethiopian Rift is necessary to fill paleo-lake Chew Bahir to its overflow level. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that paleo-lake Chew Bahir was highly dependent on the water supply from the upper lakes Abaya and Chamo and dries out within similar to 40 years if the hydrological connection is cut off and the precipitation amount decreases to present day conditions. Several of such rapid lake level fluctuations, from a freshwater to a saline lake, might have occurred during the termination of the AHP, when humid conditions were less stable. Fast changes in fresh water availability requires high adaptability for humans living in the area and might have exerted severe environmental stress on humans in a sub-generational timescale. C1 [Fischer, Markus L.; Markowska, Monika; Junginger, Annett] Eberhard Karis Univ Tubingen, Dept Geosci, Tubingen, Germany. [Fischer, Markus L.; Junginger, Annett] Senckenberg Ctr Human Evolut & Paleoenvironm S HE, Tubingen, Germany. [Markowska, Monika] Max Planck Inst Chem, Dept Climate Geochem, Mainz, Germany. [Bachofer, Felix] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Earth Observat Ctr, Wessling, Germany. [Foerster, Verena E.] Univ Cologne, Inst Geog Educ, Cologne, Germany. [Asrat, Asfawossen] Addis Ababa Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Zielhofer, Christoph] Univ Leipzig, Inst Geog, Leipzig, Germany. [Trauth, Martin H.] Univ Potsdam, Inst Geosci, Potsdam, Germany. RP Fischer, ML (corresponding author), Eberhard Karis Univ Tubingen, Dept Geosci, Tubingen, Germany.; Fischer, ML (corresponding author), Senckenberg Ctr Human Evolut & Paleoenvironm S HE, Tubingen, Germany. EM markus_fischer@posteo.de RI Junginger, Annett/A-1909-2017; Bachofer, Felix/AAH-1648-2020 OI Junginger, Annett/0000-0003-3486-0888; Bachofer, Felix/0000-0001-6181-0187; Markowska, Monika/0000-0003-1455-1121; Zielhofer, Christoph/0000-0001-9551-4466 FU Ministry of Culture and Science (MWK) of Baden Wurttemberg, Germany; Stiftung der deutschen Wirtschaft; University of Tubingen FX The research has been funded by the Ministry of Culture and Science (MWK) of Baden Wurttemberg, Germany, the Stiftung der deutschen Wirtschaft and the Open Access Publishing Fund of the University of Tubingen. 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PD JUN 30 PY 2020 VL 8 AR 197 DI 10.3389/feart.2020.00197 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QJ7ML UT WOS:000619870300001 OA gold, Green Accepted DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Sillero-Zubiri, C Marino, J Gordon, CH Bedin, E Hussein, A Regassa, F Banyard, A Fooks, AR AF Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio Marino, Jorgelina Gordon, Christopher H. Bedin, Eric Hussein, Alo Regassa, Fekede Banyard, Ashley Fooks, Anthony R. TI Feasibility and efficacy of oral rabies vaccine SAG2 in endangered Ethiopian wolves SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Biomarker; Sero-conversion; Vaccine; Wildlife rabies ID IOPHENOXIC ACID; SAFETY; VIRUS; DOGS; CONSERVATION AB Diseases are a major cause of population declines in endangered populations of several canid species. Parenteral vaccination efforts to protect Ethiopian wolves (Canis simensis) from rabies have targeted the domestic dog reservoir, or the wolves themselves in response to confirmed outbreaks. Oral vaccination offers a more cost-efficient, safe and proactive approach to protect Ethiopian wolves and other threatened canids from rabies. Field trials of the oral vaccine Rabigen (R) SAG2Dog were undertaken in the Bale Mountains of southeastern Ethiopia. Four different bait types and three delivery methods were tested in twelve Ethiopian wolf packs, and the oral vaccine (using the preferred bait) was trialled in three packs. Vaccine uptake and immunization rates were measured through direct observations and in live trapped animals through the assessment of biomarker levels and serological status. Commercial baits were never taken by wolves; goat meat baits had the highest uptake, compared to rodent and intestine baits. Targeted delivery from horseback and nocturnal delivery within a pack's territory performed favourably compared to random bait distribution. Bait uptake by non-target species was lowest during the nocturnal blind distribution. Of 21 wolves trapped after vaccination, 14 were positive for the biomarker iophenoxic acid (i.e. ingested the bait and most likely pierced the sachet with the vaccine). Of these, 86% (n = 12/14) had levels considered sufficient to provide protective immunity to wildlife (>= 0.20 IU/ml), and 50% (n = 7/14) demonstrated antibody titres above the universally recognised threshold ( >= 0.5 IU/ml) -the baseline average was 0.09 IU/ml (n = 12 wolves). All but one of the wolves vaccinated in 2014 were alive 14 months later. Our trials confirm the potential for SAG2, delivered in a goat meat bait, to effectively protect Ethiopian wolves against rabies, supporting the initiative for a more efficient and proactive approach to manage and eventually eliminate rabies in Ethiopian wolf populations. Crown Copyright (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio; Marino, Jorgelina; Gordon, Christopher H.; Bedin, Eric] Univ Oxford, Recanati Kaplan Ctr, Dept Zool, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit, Tubney House, Tubney OX13 5QL, Oxon, England. [Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio; Marino, Jorgelina; Bedin, Eric; Hussein, Alo] Ethiopian Wolf Conservat Programme, POB 215, Bale Robe, Ethiopia. [Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio] IUCN SSC Canid Specialist Grp, Oxford, England. [Gordon, Christopher H.] Zool Soc London, Kenya Country Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. [Regassa, Fekede] Ethiopian Wildlife Conservat Author, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Banyard, Ashley; Fooks, Anthony R.] Anim & Plant Hlth Agcy, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey, England. [Fooks, Anthony R.] Univ Liverpool, Inst Infect & Global Hlth, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. RP Marino, J (corresponding author), Univ Oxford, Recanati Kaplan Ctr, Dept Zool, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit, Tubney House, Tubney OX13 5QL, Oxon, England. EM claudio.sillero@zoo.ox.ac.uk; jorgelina.marino@zoo.ox.ac.uk; chris.gordon@zls.org; eric.bedin@zoo.ox.ac.uk; alo.hussein@ethiopianwolf.org; rfekede@yahoo.com; Tony.Fooks@apha.gsi.gov.uk RI Joka, Fekede Regassa/ABC-5872-2020; Banyard, Ashley C/C-7998-2011 OI Joka, Fekede Regassa/0000-0001-9510-3309; Banyard, Ashley C/0000-0002-1286-9825 FU UK Department of Food and Rural Affairs (Defra)Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA) [SV3500, SE0431]; Born Free Foundation; Wildlife Conservation Network FX Financial support for the conduct of this research and/or preparation of the article was provided by the UK Department of Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) grants SV3500 and SE0431. The Ethiopian Wolf Conservation Programme is chiefly funded by the Born Free Foundation and the Wildlife Conservation Network. The sponsors were not involved in the study design; collection, analysis and interpretation of data; writing of the paper or on the decision to submit the article for publication. 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PD SEP PY 1995 VL 237 BP 65 EP 81 PN 1 PG 17 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA RX561 UT WOS:A1995RX56100007 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT C AU Tadesse, M Nigatu, L AF Tadesse, M Nigatu, L BE vanderMaesen, LJG vanderBurgt, XM vanMedenbachdeRooy, JM TI An ecological and ethnobotanical study of wild or spontaneous coffee, Coffea arabica in Ethiopia SO BIODIVERSITY OF AFRICAN PLANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIVth Congress of the Association-pour-l-Etude-Taxonomique-de-la-Flore-d-Afrique-Tropicale (AETFAT) CY AUG 22-27, 1994 CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SP Assoc Etude Taxonom Flore Afrique Trop, ABV AMRO Bank, Wageningen, AMEV Nederland N V, Wageningen, Anti Apartheidsfonds, Wageningen, Backhuys Universal Book Serv, Leiden, Commiss European Communities, Directorate Gen Dev Training & Cultural Coope, rat, Brussels, Belgium, Minist Foreign Affairs, Directorate Gen Int Cooperat, The Hague, IBN DLO, Inst Forestry & Nat Res, Wageningen, Kluwer Acad Publ, Dordrecht, Kniphorst Int Booksellers, Wageningen, Harden Botan Natl Belgique, Meise, Belgium, RABO Bank, Utrecht, Rotary Club, Ede, Royal Netherlands Acad Sci, Amsterdam, Shell Nederland B V, Rotterdam, Tech Ctr Agr & Rural Cooperat, Ede, Tropenbos Fdn, Wageningen, Wageningen Agr Univ, Wageningen DE Coffea arabica; coffee; ecology; ethnobotany; Ethiopia AB The ecology of ''wild'' or spontaneous Coffea arabica L. found in the Harenna forest, Bale, Ethiopia, is studied. In total, 61 species of trees and shrubs, 48 species of herbs and 19 species of climbers and stragglers were found in association with arabica coffee in the 45 sampled plots. Species richness was noted at altitudes between 1550 m and 1650 m. Of the exchangeable cations Ca ions are the most prevalent in the coffee stands and some relationships between availability of cations and coffee plants were noted. The coffee trees are slender, attaining a maximum circumference of only 40 cm. The population structure is suggestive of a young community also indicating that it represents ''recent'' introduction in the Harenna forest. Maximum development of the coffee plants was noted between 1390 m and 1450 m, and 1550 m to 1560 m. From ethnobotanical studies a number of issues emerged with the most thought-provoking being the dwindling number in the indigenous selectionists and conservationists in the coffee growing districts in Ethiopia. RP Tadesse, M (corresponding author), OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT BIOL,1735 NEIL AVE,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4095-7 PY 1996 BP 277 EP 294 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BH47V UT WOS:A1996BH47V00036 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Belay, A Solomon, WK Bultossa, G Adgaba, N Melaku, S AF Belay, Abera Solomon, W. K. Bultossa, Geremew Adgaba, Nuru Melaku, Samuel TI Physicochemical properties of the Harenna forest honey, Bale, Ethiopia SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Physicochemical properties; Honey; Harenna forest; Ethiopia AB In this study, the physicochemical properties of the Harenna forest honey were characterised. The Harenna forest honey moisture, reducing sugar, sucrose, water insoluble solids, ash, free acid, pH, HMF contents, electrical conductivity and specific rotation were found to be 17.89 +/- 1.02 g/100 g, 69.48 +/- 1.72 g/100 g, 2.43 +/- 1.02 g/100 g, 0.12 +/- 0.08 g/100 g, 0.19 +/- 0.09 g/100 g, 34.57 +/- 4.80 meq/kg, 3.87 +/- 0.16, 0.84 +/- 0.46 mg/1000 g, 0.70 +/- 0.04 mS/cm and -132 +/- 15.27 [alpha](D)(20), respectively. All quality indicators of honey from traditional and frame hives were within the criteria set by Codex Alimentarus (CA), European Union (EU) and Ethiopian standard, except for water insoluble solids. The type of hives significantly affected the moisture (p < 0.01), reducing sugar (p < 0.05), ash (p < 0.05) and HMF (p < 0.05) contents of the Harenna forest honey. The sampling location also significantly affected the moisture (p < 0.001), water insoluble solids (p < 0.01), ash (p < 0.01), electrical conductivity (p < 0.001) and specific rotation (p < 0.001) values of the Harenna forest honey. Significant correlations were observed between moisture content and electrical conductivity (r = 0.76, p < 0.01), and electrical conductivity and specific rotation (r = 0.74, p < 0.01). Traditional hive has no negative effect on quality factors of honey if honey harvesting, handling and processing is properly carried out. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Belay, Abera] Univ Addis Ababa, Ctr Food Sci, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Belay, Abera] Univ Addis Ababa, Nutr Program, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Solomon, W. K.] Univ Swaziland, Fac Agr, Dept Consumer Sci, Luyengo, Eswatini. [Bultossa, Geremew] Coll Agr, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Gaborone, Botswana. [Adgaba, Nuru] King Saud Univ, Coll Food Sci & Agr, Bee Res Unit, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. [Melaku, Samuel] Columbus State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, GA 31907 USA. RP Melaku, S (corresponding author), Columbus State Univ, Dept Chem, 4225 Univ Ave, Columbus, GA 31907 USA. EM ab.berabelay@gmail.com; solowkj@yahoo.com; bultosageremew@yahoo.com; nuruadgaba@gmail.com; abegaz_samuel@columbusstate.edu RI Kidane, Solomon Worku/AAM-9846-2020 OI Kidane, Solomon Worku/0000-0002-1198-1815 FU Adama Science and Technology University; SOS SAHAL-Farm Africa FX Financial support from Adama Science and Technology University, and SOS SAHAL-Farm Africa is thankfully acknowledged. The authors would also like to thank Prof. Dr. Herbert Eichele, Mr. Ben Iriwn, Mr. Belay Asfaw, Mr. Lulu Likassa and Hirut Abebe without whom this research was almost impossible. 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PD DEC 15 PY 2013 VL 141 IS 4 BP 3386 EP 3392 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.035 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 223YI UT WOS:000324848000014 PM 23993497 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Zeru, A Assefa, F Adugna, G Hindorf, H AF Zeru, A. Assefa, F. Adugna, G. Hindorf, H. TI Occurrence of fungal diseases of Coffea arabica L. in montane rainforests of Ethiopia SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BOTANY AND FOOD QUALITY LA English DT Article AB Coffee Berry Disease (CBD), Colletotrichum kahawae, Coffee Wilt Disease (CWD), Gibberella xylarioides and Coffee Leaf Rust (CLR), Henzileia vastatrix are the three major diseases reducing production and consumption of coffee in Ethiopia. A survey was conducted from July to September 2005 for CBD and CWD and from 2003 until 2007 for CLR in montane rainforest coffee areas of Ethiopia to estimate the Occurrence and distribution of these diseases. Diseases were prevalent in all the surveyed forest coffee areas of Ethiopia: Harenna, Bonga, Berhane-Kontir and Yayu. Depending on the forest coffee area the mean percent incidence of: CBD ranged from 2 to 40 % in general and from 2 to 17.9 % at Berhane-Kontir and Bonga, respectively. The mean incidence of CWD varied from 2.4 % at Berhane-Kontir to 16.9 % at Yayu forest coffee areas. The mean incidence of CLR also varied for instance in 2005 from 32.2 % at Berhane-Kontir to 96 % at Harenna forest coffee areas. The detection of the diseases during our surveys requires an integrated management of major coffee diseases for a sustainable conservation and wise use of coffee in montane rainforests of Ethiopia. C1 [Zeru, A.; Adugna, G.] Jimma Agr Res Ctr, Jimma, Ethiopia. [Assefa, F.] Univ Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Hindorf, H.] Univ Bonn, INRES Phytomed, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. RP Zeru, A (corresponding author), Jimma Agr Res Ctr, POB 192, Jimma, Ethiopia. FU German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) FX The surveys could be carried Out as part of a joint project "Conservation of wild coffee in montane rainforests of Ethiopia (CoCE)" coordinated by the "Center for Development Research (ZEF)" at Bonn University and were financially supported by the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). We kindly acknowledge the fruitful cooperation and assistance of the staffof the "Jimma Agricultural Research Center" of EIAR, Addis Ababa/Ethiopia. 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PD APR PY 2009 VL 82 IS 2 BP 148 EP 151 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 449LR UT WOS:000266332600008 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Belay, A Solomon, WK Bultossa, G Adgaba, N Melaku, S AF Belay, Abera Solomon, W. K. Bultossa, Geremew Adgaba, Nuru Melaku, Samuel TI Botanical origin, colour, granulation, and sensory properties of the Harenna forest honey, Bale, Ethiopia SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Botanical origin; Colour; Granulation; Sensory properties; Honey; Harenna forest; Ethiopia ID PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; CRYSTALLIZATION AB In this study, the Harenna forest honey samples were investigated with respect to their botanical origin, granulation, colour and sensory properties. Sixteen honey samples were collected from two representative sites (Chiri, C, and Wabero, W) using random sampling techniques. Botanical origin was investigated using qualitative pollen analysis by counting 500 pollen grains using harmonised methods of melissopalynology. Granulation, colour, and sensory properties of honey were determined by visual observation, using Pfund grader, acceptability and preference tests, respectively. Honey samples were also tested for tetracycline. Honey obtained from Wabero is originated dominantly from Syzygium guineense while Chiri was multifloral. The colour of honey ranged from 34 to 85 with light amber and extra light amber colours. The honey samples were free from tetracycline residue and form coarse granules slowly. Significant variation (p > 0.05) in sensory preference and acceptability tests not observed due to hive types and locations. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Belay, Abera] Univ Addis Ababa, Ctr Food Sci & Nutr Program, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Solomon, W. K.] Univ Swaziland, Fac Agr, Dept Consumer Sci, Luyengo, Swaziland. [Bultossa, Geremew] Coll Agr, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Gaborone, Botswana. [Adgaba, Nuru] King Saud Univ, Coll Food Sci & Agr, Bee Res Unit, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. [Melaku, Samuel] Columbus State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, GA 31907 USA. RP Melaku, S (corresponding author), Columbus State Univ, Dept Chem, 4225 Univ Ave, Columbus, GA 31907 USA. EM ab.berabelay@gmail.com; solowkj@yahoo.com; bultosageremew@yahoo.com; nuruadgaba@gmail.com; abegaz_samuel@columbusstate.edu RI Kidane, Solomon Worku/AAM-9846-2020 OI Kidane, Solomon Worku/0000-0002-1198-1815 FU Adama Science and Technology University; SOS SAHAL-Farm Africa FX Financial support from Adama Science and Technology University, and SOS SAHAL-Farm Africa is thankfully acknowledged. The authors would also like to thank Prof. Dr. Herbert Eichele, Mr. Ben Iriwn, Mr. Belay Asfaw, Mr. Girma Ayele and Hirut Abebe without whom this research was almost impossible. 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PD JAN 15 PY 2015 VL 167 BP 213 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.06.080 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA AR1IH UT WOS:000343338400031 PM 25148981 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Tesfaye, G Teketay, D Assefa, Y Fetene, M AF Tesfaye, G Teketay, D Assefa, Y Fetene, M TI The impact of fire on the soil seed bank and regeneration of Harenna Forest, Southeastern Ethiopia SO MOUNTAIN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE disturbance; diversity; seed bank; forest regrowth; post-fire regeneration; Ethiopia ID RIO NEGRO REGION; SUCCESSION; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS AB The composition and density of soil seed banks was studied at Harenna Forest after a major fire in the year 2000. Soil samples were collected from burned and unburned portions of the forest using quadrants 15 x 15 cm and 9 cm deep; laid along line transects. Forest recovery was also monitored on burned sites using permanent plots of 0.1 ha. One hundred fifty-five seedlings germinated from the soil samples, of which 140 and 15 were from the unburned and burned sites, respectively. The proportion of woody species found on the unburned site was 47%, while on the burned site only one woody species was recorded. Overall mean densities were 621+/-15 and 66+/-2 seeds per m(2) on the unburned and burned sites; respectively. The greatest diversity was found in the upper soil layer, followed by the middle; litter, and lower soil layers collected from the unburned site. Eighteen months after the fire, the. burned site was covered with 32 species of dense vegetation, which attained a height of 3.5 m: Our results revealed that although the fire exhausted the soil seed bank, the vegetation could regenerate quickly with pioneer species, which differed in composition from the neighboring unburned stand. 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TI Governance Change and Institutional Adaptation: A Case Study from Harenna Forest, Ethiopia SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Adaptive capacity; Coffee; Oromo Gada; Informal institutions; Historical trend analysis; Pastoralism ID SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; NATURAL-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; NATIONAL-PARK; COMMUNITY; CONSERVATION; PERSPECTIVE; ROBUSTNESS; RESILIENCE; COLLAPSE; AREA AB Many common pool resources have traditionally been managed through intricate local governance arrangements. Over time, such arrangements are confronted with manifold political, social, economic and ecological changes. However, the ways in which local governance arrangements react to such changes are poorly understood. Using the theoretical concept of institutional adaptation, we analyse the history of Harenna forest, Ethiopia, to examine processes of institutional change over the last 150 years. We find that the traditional institutions that governed Harenna's resources persisted, in essence, over time. However, these institutions were modified repeatedly to address changes caused by varying formal, supra-regional governance regimes, the development of markets for forest products, increasing population pressure and changes in formal property rights. A key mechanism for adaptation was combining elements from both informal and formal institutions, which allowed traditional rules to persist in the guise of more formal arrangements. Our findings also highlight several constraints of institutional adaptation. For example, by abolishing fora for collective decision-making, regime changes limited adaptive capacity. To conclude, we argue that such insights into traditional resource governance and its adaptability and dynamics over time are essential to develop sustainable approaches to participatory forest management for the future, both in Harenna and more generally. C1 [Wakjira, Dereje T.; Pinard, Michelle A.] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland. [Wakjira, Dereje T.] Frankfurt Zool Soc, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Fischer, Anke] James Hutton Inst, Social Econ & Geog Sci Grp, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, Scotland. RP Wakjira, DT (corresponding author), Frankfurt Zool Soc, POB 100003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM d.wakjira@abdn.ac.uk; anke.fischer@hutton.ac.uk; m.a.pinard@abdn.ac.uk FU University of Aberdeen; African Forest Research Network (AFORNET); Frankfurt Zoological Society; Darwin Initiative FX This study was supported financially by the University of Aberdeen, the African Forest Research Network (AFORNET), Frankfurt Zoological Society and the Darwin Initiative. Fieldwork assistance by Beyan Hussen and Abdulkadir Ibrahim and the enthusiasm of local people in Harenna, in general, and Haji Dalhan Sheik Mohammed and Mahmud Adem (Abba Gada), in particular, are also gratefully acknowledged. Kerry Waylen, Rene van der Wal and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. 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Bultossa, Geremew Adgaba, Nuru TI Botanical origin, color, granulation, and sensory properties of the Harenna forest honey, Bale, Ethiopia SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Belay, Abera] Univ Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Solomon, W. K.] Univ Swaziland, Zurich, Switzerland. [Abegaz, Samuel Melaku] Columbus State Univ, Columbus, GA USA. [Bultossa, Geremew] Coll Agr, Gaborone, Botswana. [Adgaba, Nuru] King Saud Univ, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. EM abegaz_samuel@columbusstate.edu RI Kidane, Solomon Worku/AAM-9846-2020 OI Kidane, Solomon Worku/0000-0002-1198-1815 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 55-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HD UT WOS:000348455200054 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Suryabhagavan, KV Alemu, M Balakrishnan, M AF Suryabhagavan, K. V. Alemu, Misrak Balakrishnan, M. TI GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis for forest fire susceptibility mapping: a case study in Harenna forest, southwestern Ethiopia SO TROPICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Forest fire-risk zone; multi-criteria decision-making; remote sensing AB Forest fire is influenced by ecological, human and climatic factors. Forest fire directly causes biodiversity loss and forest degradation and affects global climate change. The present study deals with identification of fire-prone areas in Harenna forest using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Parameters used for the analysis of the forest fire risk susceptibility were physiographic data and proximity factors, such as elevation, slope, aspect, vegetation type, proximity to settlements and distance from roads. All these parameters have direct and or indirect influence on the occurrence of fire. Multi-criteria decision-making technique was adopted to derive fire susceptibility map of the area. The final output shows forest fire-risk areas of Harenna forest in four categories such as very high risk, high risk, moderate risk and low risk. An extent of 22,981 ha (3.4 %) of forest cover in the area was of very high risk and 1,59,229 ha (24 %) was of high risk to forest fire. The extents of moderate and low fire-risk areas were 2,52,327 ha (37.3 %) and 1022 ha (0.15 %), respectively. Identity of locations of fire-prone areas in advance can be used effectively to plan fire control measures in forest and wildlife management areas. C1 [Suryabhagavan, K. 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PD JAN PY 2016 VL 57 IS 1 BP 33 EP 43 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CU3PC UT WOS:000363436300004 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Belay, A Worku, S Bultossa, G Adgaba, N Abegaz, SM AF Belay, Abera Worku, Solomon Bultossa, Geremew Adgaba, Nuru Abegaz, Samuel M. TI Determination of physico-chemical parameters of the Harenna forest honey in Bale, Ethiopia: A comparison between traditional and frame hives SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Belay, Abera] Adama Sci & Technol Univ, Sch Agr, Asella, Ethiopia. [Worku, Solomon] Univ Swaziland, Dept Consumer Sci, Kwaluseni, Swaziland. [Bultossa, Geremew] Haramaya Univ, Dept Food Sci & Postharvest Technol, Haramaya, Ethiopia. [Adgaba, Nuru] King Saud Univ, Bee Res Coll Food Sci & Agr, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. [Abegaz, Samuel M.] Columbus State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, GA 31907 USA. EM abegaz_samuel@columbusstate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 178-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851300164 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Senbeta, F Denich, M AF Senbeta, Feyera Denich, Manfred TI Effects of wild coffee management on species diversity in the Afromontane rainforests of Ethiopia SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; conservation; deforestation; forest coffee; floristic composition; management practices ID BEES AB Coffea arabica L. is native to the Afromontane forests of Ethiopia. The local communities living in and around the forests manage the forest in traditional ways for coffee production. The level of management practices ranges from the relatively undisturbed forest coffee (FC), where little or no human inference is observed to the disturbed semi-forest coffee (SFC) system. This study analyzes the effects of wild coffee management on the floristic diversity and vegetation structure in these systems, in the Berhane-Kontir and Harenna forest sites. A total 114 quadrats, of 20 m x 20 m were laid along transects in both forest sites. Species richness was highest in the FC and lowest in the SFC system although the scale varies between the two forests. Shannon diversity and evenness indices exhibit high variation between the two forest systems and the lowest in the SFC system. The type of growth-form dominance also varies between the two forest systems, with up to 50% reduction in the number of species of lianas, small trees and shrubs were observed in the SFC system. In the SFC system in both forests, coffee plants occupy greater than 88% of plant density in the diameter class between 2 and 10 cm compared to less than 23% in the FC system. The ordination analysis also demonstrates the importance of human management influence and shows clear distinction between the FC and SFC plots of both forests. The continuous wild coffee management in the SFC system suppresses tree regeneration, reduces tree density and eventually leads to the disappearance of forest species, while promoting coffee plants. Therefore, conservation strategies of the Afromontane forest with wild coffee populations should focus on the balance between plant diversity and coffee production. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bonn, Ctr Dev Res, ZEFc, D-53113 Bonn, Germany. RP Senbeta, F (corresponding author), Univ Bonn, Ctr Dev Res, ZEFc, Walter Flex Str 3, D-53113 Bonn, Germany. 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PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 232 IS 1-3 BP 68 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.05.064 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 075DV UT WOS:000239864300008 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Tafa, KD Sundramurthy, VP Subramanian, N AF Tafa, Kenenisa Dekeba Sundramurthy, Venkatesa Prabhu Subramanian, N. TI Rheological and thermal properties of honey produced in Algeria and Ethiopia: a review SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES LA English DT Review DE Honey; physiochemical properties; rheological properties; thermal properties; viscosity ID HARENNA FOREST HONEY; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; BOTANICAL ORIGIN; FLORAL HONEYS; BEHAVIOR; MODEL; CRYSTALLIZATION; VISCOSITY; PLANTS; BALE AB Honey has medicinal benefits due to its substantial nutritional profile, wholesome, sweet, and active ingredient that is used for interdisciplinary purposes in the food industry. Honey quality can be characterized by its engineering properties besides potential functional features, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, and antimicrobial properties. However, there are many problems associated with the design of processes, product, equipment, and process control. Therefore, food engineers, scientists, processors, and beekeepers have a duty to understand the concept of engineering properties and to fix the problems occurred during harvesting, storage, transport, mixing, heating, cooling, refining and pumping honey and honey products. In the case of the future-line work, there are few compressive reviews concerning with engineering properties of honey. However, in the present review, an emphasis has been given to explore the knowledge of some engineering properties of Algerian and Ethiopian honeys, such as viscosity, moisture content, minerals, specific gravity, hydroxymethylfurfural, glass transition, color, degree brix and sugar components. C1 [Tafa, Kenenisa Dekeba] Wolkite Univ, Coll Engn & Technol, Dept Food Proc Engn, Wolkite, Ethiopia. [Sundramurthy, Venkatesa Prabhu] Addis Ababa Sci & Technol Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Subramanian, N.] Nandha Engn Coll, Dept Chem Engn, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India. RP Tafa, KD (corresponding author), Wolkite Univ, Coll Engn & Technol, Kenenisa Dekeba Tafa Dept Food Proc Engn, Wolkite, Ethiopia. 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J. Food Prop. PD JAN 1 PY 2021 VL 24 IS 1 BP 1117 EP 1131 DI 10.1080/10942912.2021.1953525 PG 15 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA TS3IX UT WOS:000679548400001 OA gold DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Tiutenko, A Zinenko, O AF Tiutenko, Arthur Zinenko, Oleksandr TI Additional diagnosis, observations of breeding biology and tadpole of a little known dwarf puddle frog, Phrynobatrachus inexpectatus (Anura: Phrynobatrachidae) SO SALAMANDRA LA English DT Article DE Amphibia; Ethiopia; Harenna Forest; larva; taxonomy; reproduction; vocalisation ID RECOMMENDATIONS; SYSTEMATICS AB Phrynobatrachus inexpectatus and P. minutus are sister species of dwarf-size puddle frogs endemic to humid montane forests in the Ethiopian highlands. For almost two decades P. inexpectatus was officially known only from two populations, although a wider distribution was assumed. We confirm a population of this species in Harenna Forest (Bale Zone), at 1,400-2,400 m a.s.l. and report observations of its ecology and breeding biology, including descriptions of its advertisement call and tadpole. Phrynobatrachus minutus was long believed to be distributed east of the Great Rift Valley in the same forested area, but we did not find any evidence of this species in the area surveyed. We discuss the misidentification of these species by previous researchers and replace P. minutus with P. inexpectatus in the amphibian species list of the Harenna Forest. An additional diagnostic description of P. inexpectatus is provided that should help to distinguish this species from P. minutus and from the sympatric members of the P. natalensis complex. C1 [Tiutenko, Arthur] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Schlosspl 4, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. [Zinenko, Oleksandr] Kharkov Natl Univ, 4 Svobody Sq, UA-61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine. RP Tiutenko, A (corresponding author), Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Schlosspl 4, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. EM arthur.tiutenko@fau.de RI Tiutenko, Arthur/AAG-3767-2019; Zinenko, Oleksandr/N-4867-2015 OI Tiutenko, Arthur/0000-0001-5952-4923; Zinenko, Oleksandr/0000-0001-5228-9940 FU Bale Zone Administration; National Geographic SocietyNational Geographic Society [WW-243S-17]; NGS Committee for Research and Exploration; administration of the district Goba; administration of the district Delo Mena FX Our fieldwork was conducted with permissions of, and support by, the Bale Zone Administration and the administrations of the districts Goba and Delo Mena. We thank all representatives of these institutions and the local communities who facilitated our work. This study is part of a project funded by the National Geographic Society (grant number WW-243S-17): We thank the donors and the NGS Committee for Research and Exploration for this support. 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Theses monofloral honeys were investigated for their sugar profile, physicochemical properties, and quality of honeys. Sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose, turanose, and isomaltose) were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography and physicochemical properties (moisture, water activity, pH, acidity, ash, minerals, conductivity, colour) using the Harmonized Method of the International Honey Commission. Moisture and water activity showed a strong regression coefficient (r(2) = 0.92). Moisture content alone did not sufficiently describe the quality of honey during storage and processing. C1 [Belay, Abera] Univ Addis Ababa, Ctr Food Sci & Nutr, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Belay, Abera] Arsi Univ, Dept Food Sci & Postharvest Technol, Rustavi, Georgia. [Haki, Gulelat Desse] Botswana Coll Agr, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Gaborone, Botswana. [Birringer, Marc; Borck, Hannelore] Fulda Univ Appl Sci, Div Convergence Technol, Fluda, Germany. [Lee, Young-Chul; Cho, Chang-Won; Kim, Kyung-Tack] Korea Food Res Inst, Seongnam, South Korea. [Bayissa, Bikila] Food Med & Healthcare Adm & Control Author Ethiop, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Baye, Kaleab] Addis Ababa Univ, Ctr Food Sci & Nutr, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Melaku, Samuel] Columbus State Univ, Dept Chem, 4225 Univ Ave, Columbus, GA 31907 USA. RP Melaku, S (corresponding author), Columbus State Univ, Dept Chem, 4225 Univ Ave, Columbus, GA 31907 USA. 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J. Food Prop. PY 2017 VL 20 IS 11 BP 2855 EP 2866 DI 10.1080/10942912.2016.1255898 PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA FH9ES UT WOS:000411513500039 OA Bronze DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Belay, A Haki, G Birringer, M Borck, H Lee, YC Kim, KT Baye, K Melaku, S AF Belay, Abera Haki, Gulelat Desse Birringer, Marc Borck, Hannelore Lee, Young-Chul Kim, Kyung-Tack Baye, Kaleab Melaku, Samuel TI Enzyme activity, amino acid profiles and hydroxymethylfurfural content in Ethiopian monofloral honey SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE LA English DT Article DE Amino acid; Enzyme; Honey quality; Hydroxymethylfurfural; Monofloral; Ethiopia ID HARENNA FOREST HONEY; BOTANICAL ORIGIN; UNIFLORAL HONEYS; QUALITY EVALUATION; INVERTASE ACTIVITY; DIASTASE; HMF; VALIDATION; SAMPLES; POLLEN AB The enzymes activity, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and amino acids in honeys are relatively low. However, they play very significant role for honey quality. In this study, enzymes, amino acids and HMF contents of Ethiopian monofloral honeys were investigated. Diastase, invertase and HMF were analyzed based on the Harmonized International Honey Commission method and amino acids using amino acids analyzer (HPLC). Diastase activity ranged from 3.91 +/- 0.730 (Schefflera abyssinica) to 13.6 +/- 2.30 [Becium grandiflorum (L: Lalibella)]; invertase 36.5 +/- 1.93 (Leucas abyssinica) to 4.85 +/- 2.36 (Schefflera abyssinica); and HMF 0 +/- 0 (Hypoestes and Leucas abyssinica) to 3.37 +/- 1.73 (Croton macrostachyus). Significant variations were observed among Schefflera abyssinica honeys in diastase content, despite being from the same botanical origin. Significant variations were also observed among Becium grandiflorum honeys in invertase and diastase contents. Bees' geographical race and location affected enzymes activities. Lower level of enzymes could be an intrinsic characteristic of Ethiopian honey. Thus, enzymes activity alone cannot be a worthwhile indicator of quality for Ethiopian honey; besides diastase and invertase activity, the quality control of Ethiopian honeys should be supported by HMF parameters. C1 [Belay, Abera; Baye, Kaleab] Addis Ababa Univ, Ctr Food Sci & Nutr, Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Belay, Abera] Arsi Univ, Dept Food Sci & Postharvest Technol, Asella, Ethiopia. [Haki, Gulelat Desse] Coll Agr, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Gaborone, Botswana. [Birringer, Marc; Borck, Hannelore] Fulda Univ Appl Sci, Fulda, Germany. [Lee, Young-Chul; Kim, Kyung-Tack] Korea Food Res Inst, Seongnam 463746, South Korea. [Melaku, Samuel] Columbus State Univ, Dept Chem, 4225 Univ Ave, Columbus, GA 31907 USA. RP Melaku, S (corresponding author), Columbus State Univ, Dept Chem, 4225 Univ Ave, Columbus, GA 31907 USA. EM ab.berabelay@gmail.com; gulelatw@yahoo.com; Marc.Birringer@he.hs-fulda.de; hannelore.borck@he.hs-fulda.de; barumin@hanmail.net; tack@kfri.re.kr; kaleabbaye@gmail.com; abegaz_samuel@columbusstate.edu RI Baye, Kaleab/ABI-4518-2020 OI Baye, Kaleab/0000-0001-7298-1096; Birringer, Marc/0000-0003-0343-4704 CR Adgaba N, 2017, SAUDI J BIOL SCI, V24, P180, DOI 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.05.002 Arribas-Lorenzo G, 2010, FOOD CHEM TOXICOL, V48, P644, DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2009.11.046 Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), 1990, OFF METH AN OFF AN C, VII Belay A, 2017, LWT-FOOD SCI TECHNOL, V75, P393, DOI 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.09.021 Belay A, 2015, FOOD CHEM, V167, P213, DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.06.080 Belay A, 2013, FOOD CHEM, V141, P3386, DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.035 Bogdanov S, 1999, BEE WORLD, V80, P61, DOI 10.1080/0005772X.1999.11099428 Bogdanov S, 2009, HARMONIZED METHODS I, V5, P1 Capuano E, 2011, LWT-FOOD SCI TECHNOL, V44, P793, DOI 10.1016/j.lwt.2010.11.002 De Smet L, 2015, JULIUS-KUHN-ARCH, V450, P296 Durling LJK, 2009, FOOD CHEM TOXICOL, V47, P880, DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2009.01.022 Fallico B, 2004, FOOD CHEM, V85, P305, DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.07.010 Fauzi NA, 2015, INT J FOOD SCI TECH, V50, P178, DOI 10.1111/ijfs.12630 Ferreira ICFR, 2009, FOOD CHEM, V114, P1438, DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.11.028 Gurkan R, 2015, J FOOD COMPOS ANAL, V42, P141, DOI 10.1016/j.jfca.2015.03.012 Hermosin I, 2003, FOOD CHEM, V83, P263, DOI 10.1016/S0308-8146(03)00089-X Iglesias MT, 2004, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V52, P84, DOI 10.1021/jf030454q Jasicka-Misiak I, 2012, FOOD CHEM, V131, P1149, DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.09.083 Lazarevic KB, 2012, FOOD CHEM, V132, P2060, DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.12.048 Lichtenberg-Kraag B, 2014, J APICULT RES, V53, P364, DOI 10.3896/IBRA.1.53.3.03 NASSBERGER L, 1990, HUM EXP TOXICOL, V9, P211 Oddo LP, 1999, APIDOLOGIE, V30, P57, DOI 10.1051/apido:19990107 Ohashi K, 1999, EUR J BIOCHEM, V265, P127, DOI 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00696.x Ohe W. 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Food Sci. Technol.-Mysore PD AUG PY 2017 VL 54 IS 9 BP 2769 EP 2778 DI 10.1007/s13197-017-2713-6 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA FF7GF UT WOS:000409183800016 PM 28928516 OA Green Published DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Tiutenko, A Zinenko, O AF Tiutenko, Arthur Zinenko, Oleksandr TI Tadpole of Leptopelis ragazzii (Boulenger, 1896), Shoa Forest Tree Frog (Anura, Arthroleptidae) SO HERPETOZOA LA English DT Article DE Arthroleptidae; Ethiopia; Harenna Forest; larva; Leptopelis gramineus; Leptopelis vannutellii; tadpole AB The tadpole of poorly studied Leptopelis ragazzii (Boulenger, 1896), a high-altitude tree frog species from the Ethiopian highlands, is described for the first time and compared with closely related sympatric species - L. gramineus (Boulenger, 1898) and L. vannutellii (Boulenger, 1898). C1 [Tiutenko, Arthur] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Schlosspl 4, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. 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There is a strong interest in science and commerce, to further differentiate honey. In the present study, Schefflera abyssinica and polyfloral honey from Sheka Forest, Ethiopia was investigated. Botanical origin was determined based on Melissopalynology. Refractive index, moisture, sugars, ash, pH, free acidity, hydroxymethylfurfural, optical density, diastase activity, protein, and color were determined based on the standard method of the international honey commission (IHC) and AOAC. Antioxidant activity and Antioxidant content were determined using UV- visible spectroscopy. The level of pollen dominancy for monofloral honey (Schefflera abyssinica) ranged from 76.2 to 85.8%. The polyfloral honey stuffed with a variety of pollen grain ranged from 2.2% (Coffea arabica) to 23.2% (Schefflera abyssinica). Schefflera abyssinica honey contained more total phenolic compounds (75.08 +/- 2.40 mg GAE/100g), and total flavonoids (42.03 +/- 1.49 mg QE/100 g), as well as had stronger DPPH (44.43 +/- 0.97%) and hydrogen peroxide (78.00 +/- 4.82%) scavenging activity. The principal component analysis revealed that Schefflera abyssinica honey associated with the antioxidant properties of total phenolic, total flavonoids, DPPH, and H2O2., which revealed that floral honey sources can essentially differentiated by antioxidant patterns. The higher electrical conductivity (0.42 +/- 0.02 mS/cm), ash (0.41 +/- 0.05 g/100g), pH (4.01 +/- 0.08), optical density (0.26 +/- 0.03) and diastase activity (5.21 +/- 0.17 Schade units) were recorded in polyfloral honey. Schefflera abyssinica and polyfloral honey satisfy the requirement of national and international standards. The pollen analysis in combination with antioxidant properties distinguishes Schefflera abyssinica from polyfloral honeys. 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The analysis of the volatile emission of each processing phase evaluates the chemical fingerprint of the reactions taking place at each stage, leading to the final aroma. The green beans mainly emit non-terpene esters and alkanes. Once the roasting begins, monoterpenes are the main class until 160 degrees C: at this point, 2,6-dimethylpyrazine prevails in the headspaces, as main product of the Maillard reactions. This compound, with its sweet and nut-like aroma, is also detected in the brewed coffee. The shed silverskins are rich in methyl chavicol and retain the monoterpenes on the beans: as these compounds are important aroma contributors, the removal of the silverskins prior to roasting seems non-advisable. The grinding of the samples breaks the matrices and leads to drastic changes in the volatile emissions. C1 [Ascrizzi, Roberta; Flamini, Guido] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Farm, Via Bonanno 6, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. [Flamini, Guido] Univ Pisa, Ctr Interdipartimentale Ric Nutraceut & Alimentaz, Via Borghetto 80, I-56124 Pisa, Italy. RP Ascrizzi, R (corresponding author), Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Farm, Via Bonanno 6, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. 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PD MAR PY 2020 VL 246 IS 3 BP 643 EP 660 DI 10.1007/s00217-020-03429-8 EA JAN 2020 PG 18 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA KK7WL UT WOS:000509144300002 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Belay, A Haki, GD Birringer, M Borck, H Addi, A Baye, K Melaku, S AF Belay, Abera Haki, Gulelat Desse Birringer, Marc Borck, Hannelore Addi, Admasu Baye, Kaleab Melaku, Samuel TI Rheology and botanical origin of Ethiopian monofloral honey SO LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Botanical origin; Rheology; Arrhenius; Newtonian; Monofloral honey ID HARENNA FOREST HONEY; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; VISCOSITY; BEHAVIOR; POLLEN; COLOR; TEMPERATURE; MODEL; BALE AB Rheology and botanical origin of Ethiopian monofloral honeys were investigated using harmonized method of melissopalynology and HAAKE VT 500 over a temperature range of 25-45 degrees C, respectively. The percent dominance of monofloral honeys ranged from 59.8% (Croton macrostachyus) to 903% (Schefflera abyssinica). Botanical origin and geographical location of honeys were categorized on principal component analysis (PCA) of pollen data. The PCA graph showed that honeys were divided into two separate groups or three sub groups, based on their close appearance in the plot. The highest viscosity value was observed in Eucalyptus globulus honey and the lowest in Vemonia amygdalina. Shear stress versus shear rate linearity indicated that all the monofloral honeys exhibited Newtonian behavior. The effect of temperature on the viscosity of honey followed the Arrhenius relationship. The activation energy ranged from 60,042.05 (Eucalyptus globulus) to 9858.741 kJ/mol (Vemonia amygdalina). Viscosity of honey was found to be time independent. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Belay, Abera; Baye, Kaleab] Univ Addis Ababa, Ctr Food Sci & Nutr, Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Belay, Abera] Arsi Univ, Assela, Ethiopia. [Haki, Gulelat Desse] Botswana Univ Agr & Nat Resources, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Gaborone, Botswana. [Birringer, Marc; Borck, Hannelore] Fulda Univ Appl Sci, Fulda, Germany. [Addi, Admasu] Univ Addis Ababa, Dept Plant Biol, Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Melaku, Samuel] Columbus State Univ, Dept Chem, 4225 Univ Ave, Columbus, GA 31907 USA. RP Melaku, S (corresponding author), Columbus State Univ, Dept Chem, 4225 Univ Ave, Columbus, GA 31907 USA. EM ab.berabelay@gmail.com; gulelatw@yahoo.com; Marc.Birringer@he.hs-fulda.de; hannelore.borck@he.hs-fulda.de; admassuaddi@gmail.com; kaleabbaye@gmail.com; abegaz_samuel@columbusstate.edu RI Baye, Kaleab/ABI-4518-2020 OI Baye, Kaleab/0000-0001-7298-1096; Desse, Gulelat/0000-0002-7147-3767; Birringer, Marc/0000-0003-0343-4704 CR Addi A., 2015, HONEY BEE FORAGE ETH Adgaba N., 2007, ATLAS POLLEN GRAINS Adi A., 1994, HONEYBEE FLORA ETHIO Ahmed J, 2007, J FOOD ENG, V79, P1207, DOI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.04.048 AOAC, 1990, OFFICIAL METHODS ANA Arrigoni E., 2014, DIETARY SUGARS HLTH, V59 Avni D, 2014, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V69, P65, DOI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.07.001 Ball DW, 2007, J CHEM EDUC, V84, P1643, DOI 10.1021/ed084p1643 Belay A, 2015, FOOD CHEM, V167, P213, DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.06.080 Belay A, 2013, FOOD CHEM, V141, P3386, DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.035 Bogdanov S., 2012, BEE PRODUCT SCI, P1 Corvucci F, 2015, FOOD CHEM, V169, P297, DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.122 Crane E., 1983, ARCHAEOLOGY BEEKEEPI, V1st CSA, 2015, FED DEM REP ETH CENT, VII Eroglu A, 2016, FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT, V22, P31, DOI 10.1177/1082013214566478 Escriche I, 2014, FOOD CHEM, V142, P135, DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.033 Fauzi NA, 2014, FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH, V7, P2299, DOI 10.1007/s11947-013-1204-7 Fernandez-Torres R, 2005, TALANTA, V65, P686, DOI 10.1016/j.talanta.2004.07.030 Gan ZL, 2016, J FOOD ENG, V178, P151, DOI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2016.01.016 Gleiter RA, 2006, FOOD CHEM, V96, P441, DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.03.051 Gomez-Diaz D, 2009, INT J FOOD PROP, V12, P396, DOI 10.1080/10942910701813925 Juszczak L, 2006, J FOOD ENG, V75, P43, DOI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.03.049 Kedzierska-Matysek M, 2016, J FOOD SCI TECH MYS, V53, P2092, DOI 10.1007/s13197-016-2194-z Lazaridou A, 2004, J FOOD ENG, V64, P9, DOI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2003.09.007 Molan P, 1998, BEE WORLD, V79, P59, DOI 10.1080/0005772X.1998.11099381 Mossel B, 2000, LEBENSM-WISS TECHNOL, V33, P545, DOI 10.1006/fstl.2000.0714 Nita SP, 2013, DYSPHAGIA, V28, P245, DOI 10.1007/s00455-012-9441-x Ohe W. 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Technol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 75 BP 393 EP 401 DI 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.09.021 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA EB6TP UT WOS:000387518800052 DA 2021-12-07 ER PT J AU Fechner, DC Moresi, AL Diaz, JDR Pellerano, RG Vazquez, FA AF Fechner, Diana C. Moresi, Adriana L. Ruiz Diaz, Juan D. Pellerano, Roberto G. Vazquez, Francisco A. TI Multivariate classification of honeys from Corrientes (Argentina) according to geographical origin based on physicochemical properties SO FOOD BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Honey; Geographical origin; Chemometrics; PCA; LDA ID HARENNA FOREST HONEY; BIOCHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; SENSORY PROPERTIES; MONOFLORAL HONEYS; CHEMOMETRICS; PARAMETERS; PROVENANCE; ETHIOPIA; REGION; BALE AB Honey is the natural sweet substance produced by Apis mellifera bees and is studied in different countries and zones because of the interest of consumers in origin and quality of food. The Corrientes Province (Argentina) produces and exports honey from different rural zones; therefore, the aim of this paper was to study the physico-chemical parameters of honeys using multivariate methods in order to classify honeys according to the geographical origin. Nine standard physico-chemical parameters were determined according to the international legislation. The results obtained were in agreement with international regulations. Then, the results obtained were analyzed by principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis applying forward selection. The chemometric analysis allowed grouping samples according to their geographical origin by using only five parameters (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Moresi, Adriana L.; Ruiz Diaz, Juan D.; Vazquez, Francisco A.] Univ Nacl Nordeste UNNE Gobierno Prov Corrientes, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat & Agrimensura, Lab Anal Prod Apicolas LABAPI, Av Libertad 5450, RA-3400 Corrientes, Argentina. [Fechner, Diana C.; Pellerano, Roberto G.] UNNE, CONICET, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat & Agrimensura, Inst Quim Basica & Aplicada Nordeste Argentino IQ, Av Libertad 5400, RA-3400 Corrientes, Argentina. RP Fechner, DC (corresponding author), UNNE, CONICET, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat & Agrimensura, Inst Quim Basica & Aplicada Nordeste Argentino IQ, Av Libertad 5400, RA-3400 Corrientes, Argentina. 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PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 15 BP 49 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.fbio.2016.05.002 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA EA8JX UT WOS:000386882200007 DA 2021-12-07 ER EF