Histiotus Gervais 1856
Creators
- 1. Programa de Pós-GraduaÇÃo em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. 21941 - 902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. & Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian National Zoological Park and Conservation Biology Institute. Washington, DC, 20008, USA. & Fiocruz Mata Atlântica, FundaÇÃo Oswaldo Cruz. 22713 - 560 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- 2. Programa de Pós-GraduaÇÃo em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. 21941 - 902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. & Fiocruz Mata Atlântica, FundaÇÃo Oswaldo Cruz. 22713 - 560 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- 3. Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History. Washington, DC, 20560, USA.
- 4. Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. 23897 - 000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
- 5. Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian National Zoological Park and Conservation Biology Institute. Washington, DC, 20008, USA.
- 6. Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. 20940 - 040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- 7. Fiocruz Mata Atlântica, FundaÇÃo Oswaldo Cruz. 22713 - 560 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Description
Histiotus Gervais, 1856
Plecotus: I. Geoffroy St. -Hilaire, 1824: 446; part; not Plecotus É. Geoffroy St. -Hilaire, 1818.
Vespertilio: J. B. Fischer, 1829: 118 ; part; not Vespertilio Linnaeus, 1758 .
Nicticeius Poeppig, 1830 : column 218; incorrect subsequent spelling of, but not Nycticeius Rafinesque, 1819 .
Nycticeius: Poeppig, 1835: 451 ; part; not Nycticeius Rafinesque.
Nycticeus: Lesson, 1836: 120 ; part; incorrect subsequent spelling of, but not Nycticeius Rafinesque.
Nycticejus: Lesson, 1842: 22 ; part; incorrect subsequent spelling of, but not Nycticeius Rafinesque.
Histiotus P. Gervais, 1856: 77 , pl.13, fig. 6a and 6b (but not fig. 6 [= Plecotus auritus ]); type species Plecotus velatus I. Geoffroy St. -Hilaire, 1824, by monotypy.
Vesperus: W. Peters, 1864: 383 ; part; not Vesperus Latreille, 1829 (Hymenoptera) .
Vesperugo: Dobson, 1878: 188 ; part; not Vesperugo Keyserling and Blasius, 1839 .
Eptesicus: Olrog, 1951: 508 ; part; not Eptesicus Rafinesque, 1820 .
Histictus Ruschi and Bauer, 1957: 40; incorrect subsequent spelling of Histiotus P. Gervais.
Type species: Plecotus velatus I. Geoffroy St. -Hilaire, 1824.
Other species: H. macrotus (Poeppig, 1835); H. montanus (Philippi & Landbeck, 1861); H. magellanicus (Philippi, 1866); H. colombiae Thomas, 1916; H. laephotis Thomas, 1916; H. alienus Thomas, 1916; H. humboldti Handley, 1996; H. diaphanopterus Feijó et al., 2015; H. cadenai RodrÍguez-Posada et al., 2021; and H. mochica Velazco et al., 2021.
Distribution: Histiotus is endemic to South America, where it has been recorded from almost every country, except from the Guianas and Trinidad and Tobago. Despite its wide distribution on the continent, most records from the genus are from cooler areas along the Andes, and also from southern, eastern and central Brazil, with only scattered records from the Amazon Basin.
Diagnosis: Histiotus can be distinguished by the following characters: ears long (> 21 mm) and connected by a band of skin with variable development; skull delicate, narrow, and long; sagittal and lambdoidal crests weakly developed; postorbital process of the jugal well developed; eyes enlarged, larger than lower canines and nostrils; auditory bullae large, the space between auditory bullae is smaller than the width of each bullae; length of dorsal fur usually long (averaging 11.4 mm); length of forearm ranging from 44.0– 52.6 mm (averaging 47.8 mm); tragus long, pointed and notched; GLS 17.4–19.8 mm (averaging 18.4 mm); and MTL 5.6–7.1 mm (averaging 6.3 mm).
Description: Histiotus includes medium-sized to large species. Dorsal fur long (LDF 8.0– 14.5 mm), usually more than 10 mm; hairs ranging from almost unicolored to strongly bicolored; dark bases length from 1/2 to almost the entire length of hairs; the contrast between bands ranges from faint to very strong; distal portion of hairs ranging from dark brown to golden orangish or yellowish. Ventral fur long (LVF 6.0– 12.6 mm), usually more than 8 mm; hairs bicolored with dark brown bases extending from 1/2 to about 3/4 of hairs length, distal portion of hairs ranging from dark brown to nearly white. Wing membranes naked, usually dark brown. Plagiopatagium attached to the base of the toe. Dorsal surface of the uropatagium somewhat paler than wing membranes, almost naked, with scarce hairs that do not extend beyond the knees.Ventral surface of the uropatagium usually brown, with scarce hairs close to the base of the tail. Ears greatly enlarged, connected by a band of skin of variable development, varying from oval to triangular; tragus wider at the base, straight to slightly curved, very long, notched and pointed. Muzzle broad and slightly inflated.
Skull delicate; rostrum short and flattened, usually straight in lateral profile; braincase slightly wider than the rostrum. Posterior region of the braincase rounded, regular.Nasal opening V- to U-shaped. Frontal expanded laterally towards the orbit. Sagittal and lambdoidal crests weakly developed, not connected, occipital helmet absent. Triangular, flattened bony plate where the sagittal and lambdoidal crests connect ranging from absent to well developed.Zygomatic arches thin and greatly widened medially. Basisphenoid pits absent.Palate extends well beyond molars, ending in a concave posterior edge, with a weakly- to mid-developed medial spine.
Dental formula is I 2/3, C 1/1, P 1/2, M 3/3 (×2) = 32. I 1 separated, spatulate and strongly bilobed; wide and short, with inner and outer cusps well-developed. I 1 usually about three to four times the size of I 2. I 1 usually not aligned to I 2 on a transversal axis of the skull. I 2 and C 1 usually separated by a small gap, C 1 with two slightly concave faces on the lingual region, and one slightly concave face on the labial region. P1 well-developed, reaching 1/2 of C 1 in height; P 1 in contact with C 1 and molars. M 1 and M 2 about the same size, almost square shaped, with W-shaped cusps. M 3 reduced, triangular, with only 3 cusps. I 1 to I 3 reduced, trilobed, and occupying all the space between canines. P 2 about three times P 1 in height. Molars have well developed cusps and decrease in size from M 1 to M 3.
See Neoeptesicus gen. nov. account, and Table 3 for comparisons.
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Related works
- Cites
- Dataset: http://table.plazi.org/id/92BB6601FFB0FFEC26DEFAF8FBFFFABC (URL)
- Is part of
- Journal article: 10.1590/S1984-4689.v40.e22029 (DOI)
- Journal article: http://publication.plazi.org/id/B254FFE7FFBEFFE22641FFD0FFA2FF82 (URL)
- Journal article: http://zoobank.org/DD7FB01D-3EA4-46C1-9623-1BB0F4A80750 (URL)
- Is source of
- https://sibils.text-analytics.ch/search/collections/plazi/4E6D879FFFB1FFF22703FA1DFE89FAE9 (URL)
Biodiversity
- Family
- Vespertilionidae
- Genus
- Histiotus
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Order
- Chiroptera
- Phylum
- Chordata
- Scientific name authorship
- Gervais
- Taxon rank
- genus
- Taxonomic concept label
- Histiotus Gervais, 1856 sec. Cláudio, Novaes, Gardner, Nogueira, Wilson, Maldonado, Oliveira & Moratelli, 2023
References
- Gervais P (1856) Deuxieme memoire. Documents zoologiques pour servir a la monographie des cheiropteres Sud-Americains. In: Gervais P (Ed.) Mammiferes 25 - 88. In: Castelnau F (Ed.) Animaux nouveaux ou rares recueillis pendant l'expedition dans les parties centrales de l'Amerique du Sud, de Rio de Janeiro a Lima, et de Lima au Para; executee par ordre du gouvernement francais pendant les annees 1843 a 1847, sous la direction du comte Francis de Castelnau. P. Bertrand, Paris, vol. 1, 1 - 116.
- Fischer JB (1829) Synopsis mammalium. J. G. Cottae, Stuttgardtiae, XLII + 752 pp.
- Poeppig EL (1830) Doctor Poppig's naturhistorische Berichte aus Chile. Floriep's Not. Geb. Natur- und Heilk., no. 586:, columns 215 - 218.
- Poeppig EL (1835) Reise in Chile, Peru, und auf dem Amazonenstrome wahrend de Jahre 1827 - 1832. F. Fleischer, Leipzig, vol. 1, XII + 466 pp.
- Lesson RP (1836) Histoire naturelle generale et particuliere des mammiferes et des oiseaux decouverts depuis la mort de Buffon. Pourrat Freres, Paris, vol. 5, 512 pp.
- Lesson RP (1842) Nouveau tableau do Regne Animal. Mammiferes. Arthus-Bertrand, Paris, 204 pp.
- Peters W (1864) Uber einege neue Saugethiere (Mormops, Macrotus, Vesperus, Molossus, Capromys), Amphibien (Platydactylus, Otoctyptis, Euprepes, Ungalia, Dromicus, Tropidonotus, Xenodon, Hylodes) und Fische (Sillago, Sebastes, Channa, Myctophum, Carassius, Barbus, Capoeta, Poecilia, Saurenchelys, Leptocephalus). Monatsber. Konig. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1865: 381 - 399.
- Dobson GE (1878) Catalogue of the Chiroptera in the collection of the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, XLII + 567 pp.
- Keyserling AG von, Blasius IH (1839) Uebersicht der Gattungs- und Artcharaktere der europaischen Flederm a use. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 5 (1): 293 - 331.
- Olrog CC (1951) Notas sobre mamIferos y aves del Archipielago de Cabo de Hornos. Acta Zoologica Lilloana 9: 505 - 532.
- Rafinesque CS (1820) Annals of nature; or, Annual synopsis of new genera and species of animals, plants, & c. discovered in North America. T. Smith, Lexington, 16 pp.
- Ruschi A, Bauer AG (1957) Classificacao de quiropteros do Rio Grande do Sul. Inst. Perq. Veterin. " Desiderio Finamor " Porto Alegre 2: 38 - 41.
- Feijo A, Rocha PA, Althoff SL (2015) New species of Histiotus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 4048: 412 - 427. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4048.3.4
- RodrIguez-Posada ME, Morales-MartInez DM, RamIrez-Chaves HE, MartInez-Medina D, Calderon-Acevedo CA (2021) A new species of long-eared brown bat of the genus Histiotus (Chiroptera) and the revalidation of Histiotus colombiae. Caldasia 43 (2): 221 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.15446 / caldasia. v 43 n 2.85424
- Velazco PM, Almeida FC, Claudio VC, Gimenez A, Giannini NP (2021) A new species of Histiotus Gervais, 1856 (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from the Pacific coast of northern Peru. American Museum Novitates 3979: 1 - 30. http: // hdl. handle. net / 2246 / 7283