11. Climacosphenia moniligera Ehrenberg (Figs 42, 43)

Type locality: Cuba; Vera Cruz, Mexico.

References: Hustedt 1931 –1959, p. 89, fig. 625; Cupp 1943, p. 178, figs 128a–d; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 44, pl. 18, fig. 1; Siqueiros-Beltrones & Argumedo-Hernández 2014, fig. 7.

Morphometrics: Valves 182–365 (120–500) μm long, 17–29 (15–40) μm wide in head apices, 13–14 (8–10) μm wide in tail apices. Transapical striae 15 (13–15) in 10 μm, up to 21 (30) in 10 μm towards the head apices.

Remarks: Climacosphenia moniligera is widespread in coast of warmer oceans and the Mediterranean (Hustedt 1931 –1959, Witkowski et al. 2000). This taxon has been reported from many warmer oceans: Mission Bay, San Diego of California (Cupp 1943), lagoons of Tahiti Islands (Ricard 1977), the eastern Adriatic Sea of Croatia (Viličić et al. 2002), the coast of Santa Cruz Channel in the northeastern Brazil (Pereira et al. 2007), as epiphytes in Magdalena Bay along the western coast of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico (Siqueiros-Beltrones & Argumedo-Hernández 2014), and Villa Rica of the Gulf of Mexico (Siqueiros-Beltrones & Martínez 2017). In addition, it occurred in Colombian Caribbean Sea (Lozano-Duque et al. 2010), in Guam in Micronesia, Society Islands of the southern Pacific Ocean, Puerto Rico in the Caribbean Sea, the Bahamas in North Atlantic Ocean, Mahé Island of the Seychelles in the western Indian Ocean (Lobban et al. 2012), in Canary Islands in the western coast of Atlantic Ocean (Afonso-Carrillo 2014), and dominant in the Gulf of Suez, Suez Canal, the Gulf of Aqaba and Red Sea (Nassar & Khairy 2014). This taxon was found also in Asia, abundant in Okinawa Island of Japan (Takano 1962), in the Penghu Islands of Taiwan (Li 1978), in Fujian coast of China (Jin et al. 1985, Liu 2008), and in Casiguran Bay of central Luzon in the North Philippines (Angara et al. 2013). It is one of the most widely distributed diatoms in the warmer ocean coasts. In South Korea, it was reported many times from the southern coast (Choi 1990), and encountered rarely in the Seogwipo coast in Jeju Island.