reference number,character,Pinyin,reconstruction,date,location,definition and notes 1-1  ,烏氏 ,Wūzhī ,ʔɑ-kie < *ʔâ-ke,"620 B.C.E. ?, ca. ",[SJ 110:2883],a Róng tribe 1-2  ,烏孫 ,Wūsūn ,ʔɑ-suən < *ʔâ-sûn,"436 B.C.E., 140 B.C.E. ",[SJ 123:3160; HS 96A:3871],"this may possibly be a Chinese name, ‘grandchildren of the crow’ " 1-3  ,鬱金 ,wèijīn ,ʔut-kɨm ,no date,[Zhōulǐ 周 禮 ],", pre-Hàn, ‘saffron’ (Persian kurkum) (Pulleyblank 1962:89) " 1-4,玁允,Xiǎnyǔn ,hɨamB-juinB<*hŋamʔ-junʔ ,780B.C.E. ,"[Bronze Inscriptions, Shījīng 詩經]",northwestern invaders 1-5,葷粥 ,Hūnyù ,hun-juk,no date,[Mengzǐ 孟子; SJ 111],"northern barbarians, also 獯粥; = HS 葷允" 1-6,胊衍,Xūyàn ,hun-juin hɨo-janB/H ,"620B.C.E.?,ca. ",[SJ110:2883;HS94A:3747],a Róng tribe; Yán Shīgǔ: 胊許于反 1-7,匈奴 ,Xiōngnú ,hɨoŋ-nɑ < *hoŋ-nâ ,318 B.C.E. ,[SJ 13; 110:2886; HS 94A:3748],"Skt. Hūṇa ‘Huns’. Pulleyblank (1994:520) suspects that pre-214 B.C.E. references to Xiōngnú are anachronistic substitutions for Hú 胡. — The Xiōngnú were a confederation of tribes, who may have spoken different languages. " 1-8  ,幏布 ,jiābù ,ka[H]-pɑH < *krâ[h]-pâh ,"ca. 331-311 B.C.E., ‘cotton’ ",[mentioned in HHS],": MK *kpaas, Khmer krapās (Baxter 1989)" 1-9  ,輕呂 ,qīnglǚ ,khieŋ-liɑB ,no date,"[Yì Zhōushū 逸周書 ch.5, Kè Yīn 克殷]",kind of sword used by Wǔwáng 武王 (Zhèngzhāng 2000:15) = 2-140 徑路 keŋH-lɑH 1-10  ,"昆侖, 崑崙 ",Kūnlún ,kuən-luən ,no date,[SJ],name of a mountain 1-11  ,犬戎 ,Quǎnróng ,khuenB-ńuŋ ,no date,[SJ 110:2881],; the following graphic variants show that quǎn ‘dog’ is a Chinese reinterpretation of a similar-sounding syllable: 1-12  ,#NAME?,Quǎnróng ,kuenB < *kwînʔ ,no date,[HS 94A:3744],(= 犬戎 Quǎnróng) 1-13  ,#NAME?,Gǔnróng ,kuənB-ńuŋ < *kûnʔ- ,no date,[SJ 110:2883],a tribe; = HS 畎戎 (= 犬戎 Quǎnróng) 1-14  ,句主 ,Gōuzhǔ ,kɨoA-tśoB < *ko-toʔ ,457 B.C.E. ,[SJ 110:2885; HS 94A:3747],name of a mountain 1-15  ,胡,Hú ,gɑ (ɦɑ?) ,no date,[SJ],horse-riding nomads 1-16  ,胡貉 ,Húmò,gɑ-mak < *gâ-mrâk ,457 B.C.E., [SJ 110:2885; HS 94A:3747],a Róng tribe (de Groot 1921:32) 1-17  ,僑如 ,Qiáorú,gɨɑu-ńɑ < *gau-na ,616 B.C.E. ,[Zuǒ 左],a leader of the Dí 狄 tribes (de Groot 1921:24) 1-18  ,鴻鷺 ,Hónglù,goŋ-lɑH < *glôŋ-râkh ,no date,[MTZZ 2],"means ‘hēi shuǐ’ 黑水 ‘black river’ in the language of the Western Mò 西膜, cf. WT kluŋ-rog ‘black river’ (Unger, Hao-ku 50)" 1-19  ,榮如 ,Róngrú,wɛŋ-ńɑ ,607 B.C.E. ,[Zuǒ],"leader of Dí tribes, brother of 1-43 Fēnrú (de Groot 1921:25)" 1-20  ,義渠 ,Yìqú,ŋɨɑiH-gɨɑ < *ŋaih-ga ,444 B.C.E. ,[SJ 110:2883; HS 94A:3747],"a Róng state, neighbor of Qín 秦 (Pulleyblank 1994:514); the Yìqú were possibly integrated into the Xiōngnú federation. " 1-21  ,禺氏 ,Yúshì,ŋɨo-kie/gieH < *ŋo-ke/geh ,no date,[Guǎnzǐ 管 子 ],"= 1-22 Niúshì, a northern pl. n., source of jade; perhaps = later 2-196 月氏 ŋyɑt-kie < *ŋot-ke? (Pulleyblank 1966:19)" 1-22  ,牛氏 ,Niúshì,ŋu-kie/gieH < *ŋwə-ke ,no date,[Guǎnzǐ],= 1-21 Yúshì 1-23  ,鐸辰 ,Duóchén,dɑk-dźɨn < *lâk-dən ,593 B.C.E. ,[Zuǒ],a Dí tribe (de Groot 1921:27f) 1-24  ,大荔 ,Dàlì ,dɑs/H-l(i)eH < *dâs-reh ,"620 B.C.E. ?, ca. ",[SJ 110:2883],a Róng tribe 1-25  ,騊駼 ,táotá,dou-dɑ < *lû-lâ ,no date,"[EY, SJ, HS]","a kind of horse, Yán Shīgǔ reads it like 桃塗 dɑu-dɑ" 1-26  ,狄,Dí ,dek < *lêk ,no date,"[Chūnqiū, Zuǒ]","Dí tribes who, like the Róng, probably spoke a TB language (Pulleyblank 1996:14)." 1-27  ,狄鞮 ,dídī,dek-te ,239 B.C.E. ,[Lüshì],"‘interpreters’ (Behr). -te is a Xiōngnú honorific suffix; in Hàn Chinese ‘jiak-ṭiɑŋ 譯長 yìzhāng’, ‘interpreter-in-chief’ [HS 96A:3880] " 1-28  ,翟,Dí ,dek < *liâuk ,"620 B.C.E., ca. ",[SJ 110:2883; HS 94A:3747],Dí barbarians 1-29  ,翟豲 ,Díhuán ,dek-ɣuɑn < *liâuk-wân ,"620 B.C.E. ?, ca. ",[SJ 110:2883],a Róng tribe = HS 狄獂 (de Groot 1921:21) 1-30, 狄獂 ,Díhuán ,dek-ɣuɑn < *lêk-wân ,"620 B.C.E. ?, ca. ",[HS 94A:3747],a Róng tribe = SJ 翟豲 1-31  ,襜襤 ,Chānlán,tśham-lɑm < *tham-râm ,"250 B.C.E., ca. ",[SJ 13],a foreign tribe (de Groot 1921:39) 1-32  ,戎 ,Róng ,ńuŋ ,no date,"[Chūnqiū, Zhànguó] Róng tribes, at least some of them probably spoke a TB language (Pulleyblank 1996:14).", 1-33  ,智伯 ,Zhìbó ,ṭieH-pak < *treh-prâk ,457 B.C.E. ,[SJ 110:2885],name of a tribe 1-34  ,湩 ,zhòng ,"ṭioŋH or ṭuoŋH, ",4th c. B.C.E. ,[MTZZ; SJ 110:2899],"‘milk’ of cows and sheep (not mares): 竹用反 ṭjwoŋH, 都奉反 tjwoŋB (sic!) (in GY, GSR also tuŋH) = HS 2-230 重 (Pulleyblank 1962:250f) " 1-35  ,婁煩 ,Lóufán ,l(i)o-buɑn < *ro-ban ,"620 B.C.E. ?, ca.; 307 B.C.E. ",[SJ 110:2883 = HS 94A:3747],a horse-riding Hú tribe (Pulleyblank 1994:518) 1-36  ,留吁 ,Liúxū ,"liu-hyɑ < *ru-hwa, ",593 B.C.E. ,[Zuǒ],a Dí tribe (de Groot 1921:27f) 1-37  ,牆咎如 ,Qiánggāorú,dziɑŋ-kou-ńɑ < *dzaŋ-kû-na ,588 B.C.E. ,[Zuǒ],a Dí tribe (de Groot 1921:29) 1-38  ,西膜,Xī Mò ,sei-mɑk/mɑH < *sî-mâk(h) ,no date,[MTZZ 2],a western people (Unger Hao-ku 50) 1-39  ,狻猊/麑 ,suānní ,"suɑn-ŋe < *sôn-ŋê, ",3rd c. B.C.E. ,"[MTZZ, EY]","‘lion’, note Proto-Iranian *sarg > Khoresmian sarɣ (M. Witzel, Sino-Platonic Papers 2003:14)" 1-40  ,徐吾 ,Xúwú,"ziɑ-ŋɑ < *s-la-ŋâ, ",590 B.C.E. ,[Zuǒ],a Róng tribe (de Groot 1921:29) 1-41  ,師比 ,shīpí ,ṣi-bi < *sri-bi ,220 B.C.E. or before ,[Zhànguó],a dressy belt-hook [Yán Shīgǔ] = HS 2-358 犀毗 sei-bi; the word may be the same as the people called 2-354 鮮卑 sian-pie < *sen-pe (from ser-pe) 1-42  ,鄋瞞 ,Sōumán ,ṣu-mɑn < *sru-mân ,616 B.C.E. ,[Zuǒ],name of a foreign tribe (De Groot 1921:24) 1-43  ,棼如 ,Fēnrú,bun-ńɑ ,594 B.C.E. ,[Zuǒ],"a leader of Dí tribes, son of Qiáorú (de Groot 1921:24) 棼 also phun, but aspirated consonants are exceptional, hence probably bun. " 1-44  ,緜諸 ,Miánzhū ,mian-tśɑ < *men-ta ,"620 B.C.E. ?, ca. ",[SJ 110:2883; HS 94A],pl. n. of the Gǔn-róng 混戎 tribe (de Groot 1921:21) 1-45, 蜜 ,mì ,mit < *mit ,3rd c. B.C.E. ,[Zhāo hún 招魂],"‘honey’ < IE?, cf. Toch. B mit, (Pulleyblank 1995:427) " 1-46, 茅戎 ,Máo Róng ,mɔu < *mrû- ,590 B.C.E. ,[Zuǒ],a Róng tribe (de Groot 1921:29) ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,,