Inventory data for mc-Si photovoltaic panel production,Literature used:,"R. Frischknecht, P. Stolz, L. Krebs, M. de Wild-Scholten, P. Sinha, V. Fthenakis, H. C. Kim, M. Raugei, M. Stucki, 2020, Life Cycle Inventories and Life Cycle Assessment of Photovoltaic Systems, International Energy Agency (IEA) PVPS Task 12, Report T12-19:2020.",,,,,
,,,,,,,
,Amount,Unit,Data source,Comment,,,
Product,,,,,,,
"Photovoltaic panel, photovoltaic {CN 2030}| production | Cut-off, U",1,m2,Frischknecht 2020,,,,
Resources,,,,,,,
"Water, unspecified natural origin, CN-JS",2.515,l,,,,,
"Water, unspecified natural origin, CN-XJ",2.515,l,,,,,
,,,,,,,
Materials/fuels,,,,,,,
"Photovoltaic cell, photovoltaic {CN 2030}| production | Cut-off, U",9.35E-01,m2,Frischknecht 2020,,,,
"Aluminium alloy, AlMg3 {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, U",2.13,kg,,Profile for frame,,,
"copper, anode {GLO}| market for copper, anode | Cut-off, U",1.03E-01,kg,,Copper ribbons for cell interconnection,,,
"Wire drawing, copper {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, U",1.03E-01,kg,,wire drawing of copper,,,
"Diode, auxilliaries and energy use {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, U",2.81E-03,kg,,,,,
"Silicone product {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, U",1.22E-01,kg,,To attach frame and junction box,,,
"Tin {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, U",1.29E-02,kg,,,,,
"Lead {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, U",7.25E-04,kg,,,,,
"Solar glass, low-iron {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, U",8.81E+00,kg,,,,,
"Tempering, flat glass {RoW}| processing | Cut-off, U",8.81E+00,kg,,,,,
"Glass fibre reinforced plastic, polyamide, injection moulded {RoW}| production | Cut-off, U",2.95E-01,kg,,Junction box,,,
"Polyethylene terephthalate, granulate, amorphous {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, U",3.46E-01,kg,,Back foil,,,
"Polyethylene, high density, granulate {RoW}| production | Cut-off, U",2.38E-02,kg,,,,,
"Ethylvinylacetate, foil {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, U",8.75E-01,kg,,Front foil,,,
"Polyvinylfluoride {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, U",1.12E-01,kg,,Back foil,,,
"Hydrogen fluoride {GLO}| production | APOS, U",6.24E-02,kg,,,,,
"1-propanol {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, U",1.59E-02,kg,,soldering flux,,,
"Isopropanol {RoW}| market for isopropanol | Cut-off, U",1.47E-04,kg,,,,,
"Potassium hydroxide {RoW}| production | Cut-off, U",5.14E-02,kg,,,,,
"Soap {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, U",1.16E-02,kg,,,,,
"Corrugated board box {RoW}| market for corrugated board box | Cut-off, U",7.63E-01,kg,,for packaging,,,
"EUR-flat pallet {RoW}| market for EUR-flat pallet | Cut-off, U",5.00E-02,p,,,,,
"Transport, freight, lorry, unspecified {RoW}| market for transport, freight, lorry, unspecified | Cut-off, U",2.77,tkm,,,,,
"Transport, freight train {CN}| market for | Cut-off, U",1.66E+01,tkm,,,,,
PV ground-mounting,0.8,m2,Frischknecht 2020,,,,
,,,,,,,
Electricity/heat,,,,,,,
"Electricity, low voltage {SGCC 2030}| market for | Cut-off, U",1.40E+01,kWh,Zhang 2022,,,,
"Diesel, burned in building machine {GLO}| processing | Cut-off, U",8.75E-03,MJ,,,,,
,,,,,,,
Emissions to air,,,,,,,
"Heat, waste",5.03E+01,MJ,,,,,
"NMVOC, non-methane volatile organic compounds, unspecified origin",8.06E-03,kg,,,,,
"Carbon dioxide, fossil",2.18E-02,kg,,,,,
,,,,,,,
Emissions to water,,,,,,,
"Water, CN-XJ",2.515,l,,,,,
"Water, CN-JS",2.515,l,,,,,
,,,,,,,
Final waste flows,,,,,,,
"Hazardous waste, incineration",0.00,kg,,,,,
,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,
,Amount,Unit,Data source,Comment,,,
Product,,,,,,,
"Photovoltaic cell, photovoltaic {CN 2030}| production | Cut-off, U",1,m2,Frischknecht 2020,,,,
Resources,,,,,,,
"Water, unspecified natural origin, CN-JS",85.5,l,,,,,
"Water, unspecified natural origin, CN-XJ",85.5,l,,,,,
,,,,,,,
Materials/fuels,,,,,,,
"Single-Si wafer, photovoltaic {CN 2030 IEA}| production | Cut-off, U",1.03,m2,Frischknecht 2020,,,,
"Metallization paste, front side {RoW}| market for metallization paste, front side | Cut-off, U",3.37E-03,kg,,for electric contact,,,
"Metallization paste, back side {RoW}| market for metallization paste, back side | Cut-off, U",1.11E-03,kg,,for electric contact,,,
"Metallization paste, back side, aluminium {RoW}| market for metallization paste, back side, aluminium | Cut-off, U",5.54E-02,kg,,for electric contact,,,
"ammonia, anhydrous, liquid {CN}| market for ammonia, anhydrous, liquid | Cut-off, U",2.19E-02,kg,,For de-oxidation,,,
"Phosphoryl chloride {RoW}| market for phosphoryl chloride | Cut-off, U",1.33E-02,kg,,for emitter,,,
"Isopropanol {RoW}| market for isopropanol | Cut-off, U",1.77E-01,kg,,Cleaning,,,
"Hydrochloric acid, without water, in 30% solution state {RoW}| market for | Cut-off, U",6.29E-04,kg,,Surface etching,,,
"Hydrogen fluoride {RoW}| market for hydrogen fluoride | Cut-off, U",6.45E-04,kg,,Etching phosphor glass,,,
"Sodium hydroxide, without water, in 50% solution state {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, U",6.04E-01,kg,,,,,
"Lime, hydrated, packed {RoW}| market for lime, hydrated, packed | Cut-off, U",1.51E-02,kg,,,,,
"Refrigerant R134a {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, U",3.12E-05,kg,,,,,
"Nitrogen, liquid {RoW}| market for | Cut-off, U",1.15E+00,kg,,,,,
"Dimethyldichlorosilane {GLO}| market for dimethyldichlorosilane | Cut-off, U",2.91E-03,kg,,Substituting silane,,,
"Transport, freight, lorry, unspecified {RoW}| market for transport, freight, lorry, unspecified | Cut-off, U",2.74E-01,tkm,,,,,
"Transport, freight train {CN}| market for | Cut-off, U",1.52E+00,tkm,,,,,
,,,,,,,
Electricity/heat,,,,,,,
"Electricity, low voltage {SGCC 2030}| market for | Cut-off, U",1.77E+01,kWh,Zhang 2022,,,,
"Heat, district or industrial, natural gas {RoW}| heat production, natural gas, at industrial furnace low-NOx >100kW | Cut-off, U",6.08E-02,MJ,,,,,
,,,,,,,
Emissions to air,,,,,,,
"Heat, waste",5.18E+01,MJ,,,,,
Aluminium,7.73E-06,kg,,,,,
Hydrogen fluoride,1.38E-04,kg,,,,,
Lead,7.73E-06,kg,,,,,
Silicon,3.17E-08,kg,,,,,
Silver,7.73E-06,kg,,,,,
Tin,7.73E-06,kg,,,,,
"Ammonia, CN",3.73E-05,kg,,,,,
"Carbon dioxide, fossil",1.67E-01,kg,,,,,
Chlorine,4.60E-05,kg,,,,,
Hydrogen,1.10E-02,kg,,,,,
2-Propanol,1.47E-02,kg,,,,,
Acetaldehyde,6.33E-04,kg,,,,,
"Ethane, hexafluoro-, HFC-116",3.12E-05,kg,,,,,
Silicon,0.00,kg,,,,,
"NMVOC, non-methane volatile organic compounds, unspecified origin",0.01,kg,,,,,
,,,,,,,
Waste to treatment,,,,,,,
"Wastewater from PV cell production {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, U",0.154,m3,,,,,
"Waste, from silicon wafer production, inorganic {RoW}| treatment of, residual material landfill | Cut-off, U",2.33,kg,,,,,
"Hazardous waste, for incineration {RoW}| market for hazardous waste, for incineration | Cut-off, U",1.72E-01,kg,,,,,
,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,
,Amount,Unit,Data source,Comment,,,
Product,,,,,,,
"Single-Si wafer, photovoltaic {CN 2030}| production | Cut-off, U",1,m2,Frischknecht 2020,,,,
Resources,,,,,,,
"Water, unspecified natural origin, CN-JS",2.78E+01,l,,Wafer cleaning,,,
"Water, unspecified natural origin, CN-XJ",2.78E+01,l,,Wafer cleaning,,,
,,,,,,,
Materials/fuels,,,,,,,
"Silicon, single crystal, Czochralski process, photovoltaics {CN 2030}| production | Cut-off, U",5.95E-01,kg,Frischknecht 2020,,,,
"flat glass, uncoated {RoW}| market for flat glass, uncoated | Cut-off, U",9.99E-03,kg,,,,,
"Sodium hydroxide, without water, in 50% solution state {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, U",1.50E-02,kg,,For wafer cleaning,,,
"Hydrochloric acid, without water, in 30% solution state {RoW}| market for | Cut-off, U",2.70E-03,kg,,For wafer cleaning,,,
"Acetic acid, without water, in 98% solution state {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, U",3.90E-02,kg,,For wafer cleaning,,,
"Dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether {RoW}| market for dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether | Cut-off, U",3.00E-01,kg,,For sawing slurry,,,
"Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, U",2.40E-01,kg,,For wafer cleaning,,,
"Acrylic binder, without water, in 34% solution state {RoW}| market for acrylic binder, without water, in 34% solution state | Cut-off, U",2.00E-03,kg,,Adhesive for temporarily attachment of bricks to wire-sawing equipment,,,
"Brass {RoW}| market for brass | Cut-off, U",7.44E-03,kg,,,,,
"Steel, chromium steel 18/8 {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, U",1.51E-03,kg,,wafer saws,,,
"Wire drawing, steel {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, U",8.95E-03,kg,,,,,
,,,,,,,
Electricity/heat,,,,,,,
"Electricity, low voltage {SGCC 2030}| market for | Cut-off, U",4.76E+00,kWh,Zhang 2022,,,,
"Heat, district or industrial, natural gas {RoW}| heat production, natural gas, at industrial furnace low-NOx >100kW | Cut-off, U",4.00E+00,MJ,,,,,
,,,,,,,
Emissions to air,,,,,,,
Water/m3,0.00556,m3,,,,,
"Heat, waste",1.71E+01,MJ,,,,,
,,,,,,,
Emissions to water,,,,,,,
COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand),2.95E-02,kg,,,,,
BOD5 (Biological Oxygen Demand),2.95E-02,kg,,,,,
"TOC, Total Organic Carbon",0.01,kg,,,,,
,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,
,Amount,Unit,Data source,Comment,,,
Product,,,,,,,
PV ground mounting,1,m2,Frischknecht 2020,Adapted from CH to CL,,,
,,,,,,,
Materials/fuels,,,,,,,
"Zinc, primary, at regional storage/RER U",3,kg,,,,,
"concrete, normal {BR}| market for concrete, normal | Cut-off, U",2.05E-02,m3,,Adapted to BR for South America,,,
"Reinforcing steel {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, U",3.95E+01,kg,,Adapted to GLO,,,
"Steel, low-alloyed {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, U",2.51,kg,,Adapted to GLO,,,
"particleboard, uncoated {RoW}| market for particleboard, uncoated | Cut-off, U",9.98E-04,m3,,Adapted to RoW,,,
"Roof tile {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, U",5.41E-01,kg,,Adapted to GLO,,,
"Polyurethane, flexible foam {RoW}| market for polyurethane, flexible foam | Cut-off, U",9.94E-02,kg,,Adapted to RoW,,,
"Zinc coat, coils {RoW}| zinc coating, coils | Cut-off, U",1.83E-01,m2,,Adapted to RoW,,,
"Polyethylene, high density, granulate {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, U",4.17E-02,kg,,Adapted to GLO,,,
"Acetone, liquid {RoW}| market for acetone, liquid | Cut-off, U",4.57E-02,kg,,Adapted to RoW,,,
"Polyvinylchloride, at regional storage/RER U",1.11E-02,kg,,,,,
"Bitumen, at refinery/RER U",2.03E-02,kg,,,,,
"Rock wool {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, U",1.92E-02,kg,,Adapted to GLO,,,
"flat glass, coated {RoW}| market for flat glass, coated | Cut-off, U",7.21E-03,kg,,Adapted to RoW,,,
"Acrylic binder, 34% in H2O, at plant/RER U",5.20E-03,kg,,,,,
"Silicone product {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, U",4.79E-02,kg,,Adapted to GLO,,,
,,,,,,,
Emissions to air,,,,,,,
Acetone,4.57E-02,kg,,,,,
,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,
,Amount,Unit,Data source,Comment,,,
Product,,,,,,,
"Silicon, single crystal, Czochralski process, photovoltaics {CN 2030}| production | Cut-off, U",1,kg,Frischknecht 2020,,,,
,,,,,,,
Resources,,,,,,,
"Water, unspecified natural origin, CN-JS",2.545,m3,,,,,
"Water, unspecified natural origin, CN-XJ",2.545,m3,,,,,
,,,,,,,
Materials/fuels,,,,,,,
"Silicon, solar grade {CN 2030 IEA}| silicon production, solar grade, modified Siemens process | Cut-off, U",1.00E+00,kg,Frischknecht 2020,,,,
"Argon, liquid {RoW}| market for argon, liquid | Cut-off, U",1.00E+00,kg,,,,,
"Hydrogen fluoride {RoW}| market for hydrogen fluoride | Cut-off, U",1.00E-02,kg,,,,,
"nitric acid, without water, in 50% solution state {CN}| market for nitric acid, without water, in 50% solution state | Cut-off, U",6.68E-02,kg,,,,,
"Sodium hydroxide, without water, in 50% solution state {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, U",4.15E-02,kg,,,,,
"Ceramic tile {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, U",1.67E-01,kg,,,,,
"Lime, hydrated, packed {RoW}| market for lime, hydrated, packed | Cut-off, U",2.22E-02,kg,,,,,
,,,,,,,
"water, deionised {RoW}| water production, deionised | Cut-off, U",4.01E+00,kg,,,,,
"Transport, freight, lorry 16-32 metric ton, euro6 {RoW}| market for transport, freight, lorry 16-32 metric ton, EURO6 | Cut-off, U",1.13,tkm,,,,,
"Transport, freight train {CN}| market for | Cut-off, U",1.41,tkm,,,,,
,,,,,,,
Electricity/heat,,,,,,,
"Electricity, low voltage {SGCC 2030}| market for | Cut-off, U",32,kWh,Zhang 2022,,,,
"Heat, district or industrial, natural gas {RoW}| market for heat, district or industrial, natural gas | Cut-off, U",6.82E+01,MJ,,,,,
,,,,,,,
Emissions to air,,,,,,,
"Heat, waste",1.15E+02,MJ,,,,,
Water,2.55E+02,,,,,,
Emissions to water,,,,,,,
Hydroxide,4.42E-03,kg,,,,,
BOD5 (Biological Oxygen Demand),1.30E-01,kg,,,,,
COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand),1.30E-01,kg,,,,,
"DOC, Dissolved Organic Carbon",4.05E-02,kg,,,,,
"TOC, Total Organic Carbon",4.05E-02,kg,,,,,
Nitrate,8.35E-01,kg,,,,,
,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,
,Amount,Unit,Data source,Comment,,,
Product,,,,,,,
"Silicon, solar grade {CN 2030 IEA}| silicon production, solar grade, modified Siemens process | Cut-off, U",1,kg,Frischknecht 2020,,,,
,,,,,,,
Materials/fuels,,,,,,,
"Silicon, metallurgical grade {CN 2030 IEA}| production | Cut-off, U",1.13E+00,kg,Frischknecht 2020,,,,
"Hydrochloric acid, without water, in 30% solution state {RoW}| market for | Cut-off, U",1.60E+00,kg,,,,,
"Hydrogen, liquid {RoW}| market for | Cut-off, U",5.01E-02,kg,,,,,
"Sodium hydroxide, without water, in 50% solution state {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, U",0.34819,kg,,,,,
"Transport, freight train {CN}| market for | Cut-off, U",3.65E+00,tkm,,,,,
"Transport, freight, lorry 16-32 metric ton, euro6 {RoW}| market for transport, freight, lorry 16-32 metric ton, EURO6 | Cut-off, U",2.87,tkm,,,,,
,,,,,,,
Electricity/heat,,,,,,,
"Electricity, low voltage {SGCC 2030}| market for | Cut-off, U",4.90E+01,kWh,Zhang 2022,,,,
"Heat, district or industrial, natural gas {RoW}| market for heat, district or industrial, natural gas | Cut-off, U",2.88E+01,MJ,,,,,
,,,,,,,
Emissions to air,,,,,,,
"Heat, waste",1.76E+02,MJ,,,,,
,,,,,,,
Emissions to water,,,,,,,
"AOX, Adsorbable Organic Halogen as Cl",1.26E-05,kg,,,,,
BOD5 (Biological Oxygen Demand),0.00020471,kg,,,,,
COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand),0.00202,kg,,,,,
Chloride,0.035991,kg,,,,,
Copper,1.02E-07,kg,,,,,
"Nitrogen, atmospheric",0.00020751,kg,,,,,
Phosphate,2.80E-06,kg,,,,,
Sodium,0.03379,kg,,,,,
Zinc,1.96E-06,kg,,,,,
Iron,5.61E-06,kg,,,,,
"TOC, Total Organic Carbon",0.00090998,kg,,,,,
"DOC, Dissolved Organic Carbon",0.00090998,kg,,,,,
,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,
,Amount,Unit,Data source,Comment,,,
Product,,,,,,,
"Silicon, metallurgical grade {CN 2030 IEA}| production | Cut-off, U",1,kg,Frischknecht 2020,,,,
,,,,,,,
Materials/fuels,,,,,,,
"Wood chips, wet, measured as dry mass {RoW}| market for | Cut-off, U",3.25E-03,kg,,,,,
"Coke {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, U",2.31E+01,MJ,,,,,
"Graphite {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, U",1.00E-01,kg,,,,,
"Charcoal {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, U",0.17,kg,,,,,
"Petroleum coke {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, U",5.00E-01,kg,,,,,
"Silica sand {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, U",2.7,kg,,,,,
"Oxygen, liquid {RoW}| market for | Cut-off, U",2.00E-02,kg,,,,,
"transport, freight, sea, bulk carrier for dry goods {GLO}| market for transport, freight, sea, bulk carrier for dry goods | Cut-off, U",2.55E+00,tkm,,,,,
"Transport, freight, lorry 16-32 metric ton, euro6 {RoW}| market for transport, freight, lorry 16-32 metric ton, EURO6 | Cut-off, U",1.56E-01,tkm,,,,,
"Transport, freight train {CN}| market for | Cut-off, U",6.90E-02,tkm,,,,,
,,,,,,,
Electricity/heat,,,,,,,
"Electricity, low voltage {SGCC 2030}| market for | Cut-off, U",1.10E+01,kWh,Zhang 2022,,,,
,,,,,,,
Emissions to air,,,,,,,
"Heat, waste",71.3,MJ,,,,,
Arsenic,9.42E-09,kg,,,,,
Aluminium,1.55E-06,kg,,,,,
Antimony,7.85E-09,kg,,,,,
Boron,2.79E-07,kg,,,,,
Cadmium,3.14E-10,kg,,,,,
Calcium,7.75E-07,kg,,,,,
"Carbon dioxide, biogenic",1.6098,kg,,,,,
"Carbon dioxide, fossil",3.5808,kg,,,,,
"Carbon monoxide, biogenic",0.00062027,kg,,,,,
"Carbon monoxide, fossil",0.0013797,kg,,,,,
Chromium,7.85E-09,kg,,,,,
Chlorine,7.85E-08,kg,,,,,
Cyanide,6.87E-06,kg,,,,,
Fluorine,3.88E-08,kg,,,,,
Hydrogen sulfide,0.0005,kg,,,,,
Hydrogen fluoride,0.0005,kg,,,,,
Iron,3.88E-06,kg,,,,,
Lead,3.44E-07,kg,,,,,
Mercury,7.85E-09,kg,,,,,
"NMVOC, non-methane volatile organic compounds, unspecified origin",9.60E-05,kg,,,,,
Nitrogen oxides,0.0097432,kg,,,,,
"Particulates, > 10 um",0.0077538,kg,,,,,
Potassium,6.20E-05,kg,,,,,
Silicon,0.0075134,kg,,,,,
Sodium,7.75E-07,kg,,,,,
Sulfur dioxide,0.012241,kg,,,,,
Tin,7.85E-09,kg,,,,,
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