Data of Glacier Schiaparelli

The data and results of the manuscript Response of Lacustrine Glacier Dynamics to Atmospheric Forcing in the Cordillera Darwin by Langhamer et al. (2024) are available under a CC BY 4.0 licence. We provide a selection of functions in IceDynamics.py that may be useful to the wider community. The jupyter-notebook IceDynamic-examples.ipynb demonstrates the usage of the functions and offers more insight into the applied methodology. If you just want to have a quick look, you can also find the output and code in IceDynamics-Examples.html with interactive plots.

The data is rearanged by the following directories:

/bathymetry: Contains interpolated bathymetry data as a raster file of Lago Azul from April 2018

/lake-terminus contains the shapefile needed to evaluate the lake depth near the terminus

/camera-images: Camera images used to estimate the ice front position and ice flow velocity (upper camera e*.JPG)

/raw-cam-images: All recorded images

/raw-cam-images-up: Includes all recordings from the upper camera system

/ice-front-position: Shapefiles of estimated ice front position based on the camera images

/GCP Ground control points recorded by DGPS

/flowline: Shapefile of the glacier's center flow line obtained from oggm

/data: Contains input fields and results:

• input fields:

  • Temp_K: ERA-5 downscaled daily mean temperature in K averaged over the entire glacier
  • LWin_W/m2: ERA-5 downscaled daily mean incoming longwave radiation in W/m² over the entire Glacier
  • Precip_mm: ERA-5 daily precipitation sums in mm over the entire glacier. The totals are downscaled using an orographic precipitation model
  • Snowfall_mwe: Only the daily precipitation portion of snow in mm
  • Rainfall_mm:Only the daily precipitation portion of rain in mm

• Cosipy output (Temme et al. 2023):

  • Melt_mwe: Daily sums of glacier melt water in meter water equivalent
  • Runoff_mwe: Daily sums of glacier runoff water, which includes all liquid water in the glacier system (melt water, precipitation, etc.)

• Extreme events

  • CSDI_flag: Days associated with a cold spell are flagged as 1. A cold spell is identified when four consecutive days of daily maximum temperature occur in the lower 10th percentile of maximum temperature centered on a 5-day window (1961-1990)
  • WSDI_flag: Days associated with a warm spell are flagged as 1. A warm spell is identified when four consecutive days of daily maximum temperature occur in the upper 10th percentile of maximum temperature centered on a 5-day window (1961-1990)
  • RRdry_flag: Days associated with a dry spell are flagged as 1. A dry spell is identified when more than 7 consecutive days (90th percentile) occur with less than 1 mm daily precipitation sum
  • RR1_flag: Days associated with a wet spell are flagged as 1. A wet spell is identified when more than 17 consecutive days (90th percentile) occur with less than 1 mm daily rainfall sums

  • AR_det: Precipitation events associated with land-falling atmospheric rivers are flagged as 1

  • Lake measurements:

    • absolute_height_m: The daily average lake level in meters relative to the absolute minimum. The absolute minimum corresponds to the lowest point at which no discharge can occur through Rio Azul
    • temp_C: Average lake temperature in degrees Celsius
    • runoff_m3/s: Daily sums of discharge estimates from Lago Azul in m³/s

  • Results of Glacier Dynamics

    • terminus_m: Terminus position in m relative to the maximum extend
    • cam_velo-func_m/d: Functional representation of surface ice flow velocity near the terminus (circle P1) derived from the camera images in m per day
    • cam_velo_m/d: Surface ice flow velocity near the terminus (circle P1) derived from the upper camera images in m per day
    • sentinel_velo_func_m/d: Functional representation of surface ice flow velocity near the terminus (circle P1) derived from Sentinel-1 data in m per day
    • sentinel_velo_m/d: Surface ice flow velocity near the terminus (circle P1) derived from Sentinel-1 data in m per day
    • calving_m3/s: Calving flux in m³ per second

Instrument specifications:

camera equipment:

• Canon EOS 1200D
• power suppply: 7.4 V Lithium battery pack (12000 mAh)
• timer: JJC TM-R Timer
• location:
  • lower system: 54.403°S, 70.887°W, 60 m a.s.l.
  • upper system: 54.408°S, 70.880°W, 275 m a.s.l.

AWS

• air Temperature: Campbell CS215-PWS
• precipitation: Young 52203 - Tipping Bucket
• incoming longwave radiation: Campbell CS300-L Pyranometer
• bathymetry: Garmin Echomap Plus 42cv echosounder
• lake level and temperature: Onset HOBO U20 Water Level Loggers
• lake discharge: SEBA Hydrometrie GmbH FlowSens
• location: 54.403°S, 70.877°W, 80 m a.s.l

lake level and temperature:

• Onset HOBO U20 Water Level Loggers
• location:
  • prior to 2020: 54.410°S, 70.911°W
  • since 2020: 54.407°S, 70.895°W

runoff:

• SEBA Hydrometrie GmbH FlowSens
• location: 54.408°S, 70.911°W

bathymetry

• Garmin Echomap Plus 42cv echosounder