Authors,Author(s) ID,Title,Year,Source title,Volume,Issue,Art. No.,Page start,Page end,Page count,Cited by,DOI,Link,Affiliations,Authors with affiliations,Abstract,Author Keywords,Index Keywords,Molecular Sequence Numbers,Chemicals/CAS,Tradenames,Manufacturers,Funding Details,Funding Text 1,Funding Text 2,References,Correspondence Address,Editors,Sponsors,Publisher,Conference name,Conference date,Conference location,Conference code,ISSN,ISBN,CODEN,PubMed ID,Language of Original Document,Abbreviated Source Title,Document Type,Publication Stage,Open Access,Source,EID
"Zheng J., Hryciw R.D.","56229527100;7004218087;","Roundness and Sphericity of Soil Particles in Assemblies by Computational Geometry",2016,"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","30","6","04016021","","",,67,"10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000578","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84992176701&doi=10.1061%2f%28ASCE%29CP.1943-5487.0000578&partnerID=40&md5=1648c3851284a4e7c3247e76231c6427","Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Michigan, 2340 GG Brown, Ann Arbor, MI  48109-2125, United States; Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Michigan, 2366 GG Brown, Ann Arbor, MI  48109-2125, United States","Zheng, J., Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Michigan, 2340 GG Brown, Ann Arbor, MI  48109-2125, United States; Hryciw, R.D., Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Michigan, 2366 GG Brown, Ann Arbor, MI  48109-2125, United States","The use of computational geometry methods for determining soil roundness (R) and sphericity (S) were evaluated and extended to particles segmented from images of three-dimensional particle assemblies. Two Adobe Photoshop lasso tools were used to delineate particles with full projections from the assemblies. Results were in excellent agreement with values published in traditional roundness and sphericity charts, thus confirming that the computational method can replace the much slower and less objective chart methods. Complete volume-based distributions of particle roundness and sphericity were presented for three soils with vastly different particle shapes. Values of R and S obtained from images of three-dimensional assemblies were almost indistinguishable from values obtained using images of detached particles showing their largest projected areas. Mean R values were also computed for 10 different soils of various geologic origins. As expected, crushed sands exhibited the smallest mean values of R whereas alluvial and glacio-fluvial soils showed the largest values. © 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.",,"Soils; Adobe Photoshop; Computational geometry methods; Different soils; Particle assemblies; Particle shape; Projected area; Soil particles; Three-dimensional assembly; Computational geometry",,,,,"National Science Foundation, NSF: 1300010",,,"Altuhafi, F., O'Sullivan, C., Cavarretta, I., Analysis of an image-based method to quantify the size and shape of sand particles (2013) J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., pp. 1290-1307; Arasan, S., Akbulut, S., Hasiloglu, A.S., The relationship between the fractal dimension and shape properties of particles (2011) KSCE J. Civ. Eng., 15 (7), pp. 1219-1225; Bareither, C.A., Edil, T.B., Benson, C.H., Mickelson, D.M., Geological and physical factors affecting the friction angle of compacted sands (2008) J. Geotech. Geoenviron. 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Eng., pp. 498-504; Wettimuny, R., Penumadu, D., Application of Fourier analysis to digital imaging for particle shape analysis (2004) J. Comput. Civ. Eng., pp. 2-9; Yang, J., Wei, L.M., Collapse of loose sand with the addition of fines: The role of particle shape (2012) Géotechnique, 62 (12), pp. 1111-1125; Youd, T.L., Factors controlling maximum and minimum densities of sands (1973) Evaluation of Relative Density and Its Role in Geotechnical Projects Involving Cohesionless Soils, STP 523, pp. 98-112. , ASTM, Philadelphia; Zheng, J., Hryciw, R.D., Traditional soil particle sphericity, roundness and surface roughness by computational geometry (2015) Géotechnique, 65 (6), pp. 494-506","Hryciw, R.D.; Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2366 GG Brown, United States; email: romanh@umich.edu",,,"American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)",,,,,08873801,,JCCEE,,"English","J. Comput. Civ. Eng.",Article,"Final","",Scopus,2-s2.0-84992176701
"Dorador J., Rodríguez-Tovar F.J., Hernández-Molina F.J., Stow D.A.V., Alvarez-Zarikian C., Acton G., Bahr A., Balestra B., Ducassou. E., Flood R., Flores J.-A., Furota S., Grunert P., Hodell D., Jimenez-Espejo F., Kim J.K., Krissek L., Kuroda J., Li B., Llave E., Lofi J., Lourens L., Miller M., Nanayama F., Nishida N., Richter C., Roque C., Pereira H., Sanchez Goñi M., Sierro Sanchez F., Singh A., Sloss C., Takashimizu Y., Tzanova A., Voelker A., Williams T., Xuan C.","56346876000;6701838449;6603738660;7005397697;6506834495;7006925828;8203181800;7003818544;56019997700;7006012202;34770529500;56013312500;36019836300;7004762788;6504514197;56013441500;6701512004;15048153700;55698713400;55962125500;56007818800;6701866406;56012964100;6602798032;12778317800;7202686410;7003718242;56012775500;6603583923;7004161071;7407707038;6508249252;15721499100;56012183700;8784446000;57203337092;23971508200;","Quantitative estimation of bioturbation based on digital image analysis",2014,"Marine Geology","349",,,"55","60",,61,"10.1016/j.margeo.2014.01.003","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84893167966&doi=10.1016%2fj.margeo.2014.01.003&partnerID=40&md5=c0172a1a9514a2a0c33a07f2293f673a","Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad de Granada, 18002 Granada, Spain","Dorador, J., Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad de Granada, 18002 Granada, Spain; Rodríguez-Tovar, F.J., Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad de Granada, 18002 Granada, Spain; Hernández-Molina, F.J.; Stow, D.A.V.; Alvarez-Zarikian, C.; Acton, G.; Bahr, A.; Balestra, B.; Ducassou. E.; Flood, R.; Flores, J.-A.; Furota, S.; Grunert, P.; Hodell, D.; Jimenez-Espejo, F.; Kim, J.K.; Krissek, L.; Kuroda, J.; Li, B.; Llave, E.; Lofi, J.; Lourens, L.; Miller, M.; Nanayama, F.; Nishida, N.; Richter, C.; Roque, C.; Pereira, H.; Sanchez Goñi, M.; Sierro Sanchez, F.; Singh, A.; Sloss, C.; Takashimizu, Y.; Tzanova, A.; Voelker, A.; Williams, T.; Xuan, C.","Quantitative determination of modification of primary sediment features, by the activity of organisms (i.e., bioturbation) is essential in geosciences. Some methods proposed since the 1960s are mainly based on visual or subjective determinations. The first semiquantitative evaluations of the Bioturbation Index, Ichnofabric Index, or the amount of bioturbation were attempted, in the best cases using a series of flashcards designed in different situations. Recently, more effective methods involve the use of analytical and computational methods such as X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography; these methods are complex and often expensive. This paper presents a compilation of different methods, using Adobe® Photoshop® software CS6, for digital estimation that are a part of the IDIAP (Ichnological Digital Analysis Images Package), which is an inexpensive alternative to recently proposed methods, easy to use, and especially recommended for core samples. The different methods - ""Similar Pixel Selection Method (SPSM)"", ""Magic Wand Method (MWM)"" and the ""Color Range Selection Method (CRSM)"" - entail advantages and disadvantages depending on the sediment (e.g., composition, color, texture, porosity, etc.) and ichnological features (size of traces, infilling material, burrow wall, etc.). The IDIAP provides an estimation of the amount of trace fossils produced by a particular ichnotaxon, by a whole ichnocoenosis or even for a complete ichnofabric. We recommend the application of the complete IDIAP to a given case study, followed by selection of the most appropriate method. The IDIAP was applied to core material recovered from the IODP Expedition 339, enabling us, for the first time, to arrive at a quantitative estimation of the discrete trace fossil assemblage in core samples. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.","Bioturbation; Digital images; Expedition 339; Integrated Ocean Drilling Program; Marine core deposits; Quantitative methods; Site U1385","Bioturbation; Digital image; Expedition 339; Integrated ocean drilling programs; Marine cores; Quantitative method; Site U1385; Computerized tomography; Core samples; Image processing; Magnetic resonance imaging; Sediments; Stratigraphy; Estimation; bioturbation; chronology; digital image; estimation method; fossil record; ichnology; pixel; quantitative analysis; trace fossil",,,,,"RNM-3715; Natural Environment Research Council, NERC: NE/J017922/1, NE/K005804/1; Universidad de Granada, UGR; Junta de Andalucía","This research used samples and/or data provided by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP). Funding for this research was provided by Project CGL2012-33281 ( Secretaría de Estado de I + D + I , Spain), and Project RNM-3715 and Research Group RNM-178 ( Junta de Andalucía ). The research of JD has been financed with a pre-doctoral grant supported by the University of Granada. We would like to thank the editor, Dr. Gert J. De Lange, and both anonymous reviewers, for the interesting comments and suggestions that helped improve the manuscript.",,"Coimbra, R., Olóriz, F., Pixel counting for percentage estimation: applications to sedimentary petrology (2012) Computers & Geosciences, 42, pp. 212-216; Cunningham, K.J., Sukop, M.C., Curran, H.A., Carbonate Aquifers (2012) Developments in Sedimentology, 64, pp. 869-896. , D. Knaust, R.G. Bromley (Eds.) Trace Fossils as Indicators of Sedimentary Environments; Dorador, J., Rodríguez-Tovar, F.J., IODP Expedition 339 Scientists, 2014. Digital image treatment applied to ichnological analysis of marine core sediments (2014) Facies, 60, pp. 39-44; Droser, M.L., Bottjer, D.J., A semiquantitative field classification of ichnofabric (1986) Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 56, pp. 558-559; Dufour, S.C., Desrosiers, G., Long, B., Lajeunesse, P., Gagnoud, M., Labrie, J., Archambault, P., Stora, G., A new method for three-dimensional visualization and quantification of biogenic structures in aquatic sediments using axial tomodensitometry (2005) Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, 3, pp. 372-380; Ekdale, A.A., Bromley, R.G., Knaust, D., The ichnofabric concept. Trace Fossils as Indicators of Sedimentary Environments (2012) Developments in Sedimentology, 64, pp. 139-155; (2013) Proc. IODP, 339, , (Site U1385), Expedition 339 ScientistsExpedition 339 Scientists, Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International, Inc., Tokyo, D.A.V. Stow, F.J. Hernández-Molina, C.A. Alvarez Zarikian, Expedition 339 Scientists (Eds.); Francus, P., Quantification of bioturbation in hemipelagic sediments via thin-section image analysis (2001) Journal of Sedimentary Research, 71 (3), pp. 501-507; Fu, S.P., Werner, F., Brossmann, J., Computed tomography application in studying of biogenic structures in sediment cores (1994) Palaios, 9 (1), pp. 116-119; Gingras, M.K., MacMillan, B., Balcom, B.J., Visualizing the internal physical characteristics of carbonate sediments with magnetic resonance imaging and petrography (2002) Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, 50 (3), pp. 363-369; Gingras, M.K., Baniak, G., Gordon, J., Hovikoski, J., Konhauser, K.O., La Croix, A., Lemiski, R., Zonneveld, J.-P., Porosity and Permeability in Bioturbated Sediments (2012) Developments in Sedimentology, 64, pp. 837-868. , D. Knaust, R.G. Bromley (Eds.) Trace Fossils as Indicators of Sedimentary Environments; Heard, T.G., Pickering, K.T., Trace fossils as diagnostic indicators of deep-marine environments Middle Eocene Ainsa-Jaca basin, Spanish Pyrenees (2008) Sedimentology, 55, pp. 809-844; Hernández-Molina, F.J., Stow, D., Alvarez-Zarikian, C., IODP Expedition 339 in the Gulf of Cadiz and off West Iberia: decoding the environmental significance of the Mediterranean outflow water and its global influence (2013) Scientific Drilling, 16, pp. 1-11. , Expedition IODP 339 Scientists; Hodell, D.A., Lourens, L., Stow, D.A.V., Hernández-Molina, F.J., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., The ""Shackleton Site"" (IODP Site U1385) on the Iberian Margin (2013) Scientific Drilling, 16, pp. 13-16. , Shackleton Site Project Members; Honeycutt, C.E., Plotnick, R., Image analysis techniques and gray-level co-occurrence matrices (GLCM) for calculating bioturbation indices and characterizing biogenic sedimentary structures (2008) Computers & Geosciences, 34, pp. 1461-1472; Johansson, E., Miskovsky, K., Loorents, K.J., Löfgren, O., A method for estimation of free mica particles in aggregate fine fraction by image analysis of grain mounts (2008) Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 17 (2), pp. 250-253; Knaust, D., Methodology and techniques (2012) Developments in Sedimentology, 64, pp. 245-271. , D. 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Trace Fossils as Indicators of Sedimentary Environments; Löwemark, L., Automatic image analysis of X-ray radiographs: a new method for ichnofabric evaluation (2003) Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 50 (6), pp. 815-827; Magwood, J.P.A., Ekdale, A.A., Computer-aided analysis of visually complex ichnofabrics in deep-sea sediments (1994) Palaios, 9 (1), pp. 102-115; Marenco, K.N., Bottjer, D.J., The importance of Planolites in the Cambrian substrate revolution (2008) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 258 (3), pp. 189-199; Marenco, K.N., Bottjer, D.J., The intersection grid technique for quantifying the extent of bioturbation on bedding planes (2010) Palaios, 25, pp. 457-462; Marenco, N.M., Bottjer, D.J., Quantifying bioturbation in Ediacaran and Cambrian rocks (2011) Topics in Geobiology, 36, pp. 135-160. , Quantifying the Evolution of Early Life; Miller, M.F., Smail, S.E., A semiquantitative field method for evaluating bioturbation on bedding planes (1997) Palaios, 12, pp. 391-396; Perring, C.S., Barnes, S.J., Verral, M., Hill, R.E.T., Using automated digital image analysis to provide quantitative petrographic data on olivine-phyric basalts (2004) Computers & Geosciences, 30 (2), pp. 183-195; Reineck, H.E., Sedimentgefüge im Bereich der südlichen Nordsee (1963) Abhandlungen der Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft, 505, pp. 1-138; Taylor, A., Goldring, R., Description and analysis of bioturbation and ichnofabric (1993) Journal Geological Society London, 150 (1), pp. 141-148","Rodríguez-Tovar, F.J.; Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, , 18002 Granada, Spain; email: fjrtovar@ugr.es",,,,,,,,00253227,,MAGEA,,"English","Mar. Geol.",Article,"Final","",Scopus,2-s2.0-84893167966
"Ma X., Xi B., Zhang Y., Zhu L., Sui X., Tian G., Yang J.","56739551000;57200331438;57217139353;57189445669;56988665600;57208741537;55203404300;","A machine learning-based diagnosis of thyroid cancer using thyroid nodules ultrasound images",2020,"Current Bioinformatics","15","4",,"349","358",,26,"10.2174/1574893614666191017091959","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086384128&doi=10.2174%2f1574893614666191017091959&partnerID=40&md5=843d0b8a722e2758818dc7a537ea3327","School of Mathematics and Information Science, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan  454000, China; College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China; Department of Mathematics, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei  050018, China; College of Mathematics and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang  321004, China; Department of Ultrasound, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei  050018, China; Geneis Beijing Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100102, China","Ma, X., School of Mathematics and Information Science, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan  454000, China; Xi, B., College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China; Zhang, Y., Department of Mathematics, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei  050018, China; Zhu, L., College of Mathematics and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang  321004, China; Sui, X., Department of Ultrasound, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei  050018, China; Tian, G., Geneis Beijing Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100102, China; Yang, J., School of Mathematics and Information Science, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan  454000, China, Geneis Beijing Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100102, China","Background: Ultrasound test is one of the routine tests for the diagnosis of thyroid cancer. The diagnosis accuracy depends largely on the correct interpretation of ultrasound images of thyroid nodules. However, human eye-based image recognition is usually subjective and sometimes error-prone especially for less experienced doctors, which presents a need for computeraided diagnostic systems. Objective: To our best knowledge, there is no well-maintained ultrasound image database for the Chinese population. In addition, though there are several computational methods for image-based thyroid cancer detection, a comparison among them is missing. Finally, the effects of features like the choice of distance measures have not been assessed. The study aims to give the improvement of these limitations and proposes a highly accurate image-based thyroid cancer diagnosis system, which can better assist doctors in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Methods: We first establish a novel thyroid nodule ultrasound image database consisting of 508 images collected from the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University in China. The clinical information for the patients is also collected from the hospital, where 415 patients are diagnosed to be benign and 93 are malignant by doctors following a standard diagnosis procedure. We develop and apply five machine learning methods to the dataset including deep neural network, support vector machine, the center clustering method, k-nearest neighbor, and logistic regression. Results: Experimental results show that deep neural network outperforms other diagnosis methods with an average cross-validation accuracy of 0.87 in 10 runs. Meanwhile, we also explore the performance of four image distance measures including the Euclidean distance, the Manhattan distance, the Chebyshev distance, and the Minkowski distance, among which the Chebyshev distance is the best. The resource can be directly used to aid doctors in thyroid cancer diagnosis and treatment. Conclusions: The paper establishes a novel thyroid nodule ultrasound image database and develops a high accurate image-based thyroid cancer diagnosis system which can better assist doctors in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer. © 2020 Bentham Science Publishers.","Centre clustering; Deep neural networks; K-nearest neighbours; Logistic regression; Machine learning; Support vector machines; Thyroid; Ultrasound images","Article; benign neoplasm; cancer diagnosis; computer assisted diagnosis; cross validation; data clustering; deep neural network; diagnostic accuracy; echography; human; k nearest neighbor; kernel method; logistic regression analysis; machine learning; major clinical study; priority journal; support vector machine; thyroid cancer; thyroid nodule",,,"Acuson SEQUOIA 512,, Siemens; Adobe Photoshop; Philips HD15, Philips; Philips IU22, Philips","Philips; Siemens","National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC: 11161038, 11171004, 11171088; Henan Polytechnic University, HPU: B2017-44","This work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation of China [No 11171088，11171004 and 11161038], the Ph.D. Foundation of Henan Polytechnic University [No B2017-44].","This work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation of China [No 11171088?11171004 and 11161038], the Ph.D. Foundation of Henan Polytechnic University [No B2017-44].","Horvath, E., Majlis, S., Rossi, R., An ultrasonogram reporting system for thyroid nodules stratifying cancer risk for clinical management (2009) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 94 (5), pp. 1748-1751. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2008-1724, 19276237; Welker, M.J., Orlov, D., Thyroid nodules (2003) Am Fam Physician, 67 (3), pp. 559-566. , 12588078; Blanco Carrera, C., García-Díaz, J.D., Maqueda Villaizán, E., Martínez-Onsurbe, P., Peláez Torres, N., Saavedra Vallejo, P., Diagnostic efficacy of fine needle aspiration biopsy in patients with thyroid nodular disease. 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Ahmad, W., A novel hybrid decision support system for thyroid disease forecasting (2018) Soft Computing, 22, pp. 5377-5383; Chandel, K., Kunwar, V., Sabitha, S., Choudhury, T., Mukherjee, S., A comparative study on thyroid disease detection using k-nearest neighbor and naive bayes classification techniques (2016) Csi Transactions on Ict, 4, pp. 313-319. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40012-016-0100-5; Shankar, K., Lakshmanaprabu, S.K., Gupta, D., Maseleno, A., Albuquerque, V.H.C., Optimal feature-based multi-kernel SVM approach for thyroid disease classification (2018) J Supercomput, (28), pp. 1-16; Zheng, X., Zhai, Z., Du, G., Lv, G., Rapid and Low-Cost Detection of Thyroid Dysfunction Using Raman Spectroscopy and an Improved Support Vector Machine (2018) IEEE Photonics J, 10. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2018.2876686; Liu, C., SetSVM: An Approach to Set Classification in Nucleibased Cancer Detection (2019) IEEE J Biomed Health Inform, 23 (1), pp. 351-361; Persichetti, A., Di Stasio, E., Guglielmi, R., Predictive value of malignancy of thyroid nodule ultrasound classification systems: A prospective study (2018) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 103 (4), pp. 1359-1368. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2017-01708, 29408952; Hu, L.Y., Huang, M.W., Ke, S.W., Tsai, C.F., The distance function effect on k-nearest neighbor classification for medical datasets (2016) Springerplus, 5 (1). , http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-2941-7, 27547678; Chen, W., Yang, H., Feng, P., Ding, H., Lin, H., IDNA4mC: Identifying DNA N4-methylcytosine sites based on nucleotide chemical properties (2017) Bioinformatics, 33 (22), pp. 3518-3523. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btx479, 28961687; Chen, W., Lv, H., Nie, F., Lin, H., I6mA-Pred: Identifying DNA N6methyladenine sites in the rice genome (2019) Bioinformatics, 35 (16), pp. 2796-2800. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz015, 30624619; Feng, C.Q., Zhang, Z.Y., Zhu, X.J., ITerm-PseKNC: A sequencebased tool for predicting bacterial transcriptional terminators (2019) Bioinformatics, 35 (9), pp. 1469-1477. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bty827, 30247625","Sui, X.; Department of Ultrasound, China; email: suixin19820206@126.com
Yang, J.; School of Mathematics and Information Science, China; email: yangjl@geneis.cn
Yang, J.; Geneis Beijing Co. Ltd.China; email: yangjl@geneis.cn",,,"Bentham Science Publishers",,,,,15748936,,,,"English","Curr. Bioinform.",Article,"Final","",Scopus,2-s2.0-85086384128
"Tarque N., Camata G., Spacone E., Varum H., Blondet M.","47762276600;7801425126;7004503820;23135674700;6603635552;","Nonlinear dynamic analysis of a full scale unreinforced adobe model",2014,"Earthquake Spectra","30","4",,"1643","1661",,25,"10.1193/022512EQS053M","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84920031294&doi=10.1193%2f022512EQS053M&partnerID=40&md5=9838ab1b52f759b65f0ab9250acac2a2","Division of Civil Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica Del Perú, Av. Universitaria 1801, Lima, 32, Peru; ROSE School, IUSS Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, Pavia, 27100, Italy; Department of Engineering, Università Degli Studi G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Viale Pindaro 42, Pescara, 65127, Italy; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal","Tarque, N., Division of Civil Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica Del Perú, Av. Universitaria 1801, Lima, 32, Peru, ROSE School, IUSS Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, Pavia, 27100, Italy, Department of Engineering, Università Degli Studi G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Viale Pindaro 42, Pescara, 65127, Italy; Camata, G., Department of Engineering, Università Degli Studi G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Viale Pindaro 42, Pescara, 65127, Italy; Spacone, E., Department of Engineering, Università Degli Studi G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Viale Pindaro 42, Pescara, 65127, Italy; Varum, H., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal; Blondet, M., Division of Civil Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica Del Perú, Av. Universitaria 1801, Lima, 32, Peru","This paper describes the results of a numerical study of a full-scale adobe building model tested on a shaking table. Material properties of adobe masonry were calibrated to represent the wall in-plane seismic behavior, based on a prior numerical analysis of an adobe wall carried out by the authors. The inelastic part of the constitutive model was represented by a softening curve in tension and by a hardening/softening behavior in compression; thus, the fracture energy is a key issue in the modeling process. A finite element model that relies on a homogenous continuum approach was developed in Abaqus/Explicit software. The damage evolution in the numerical simulation represented fairly well the experimental crack pattern, for in-plane and out-of-plane seismic effects. Overall, the calibrated material properties and the explicit solution scheme proved to be appropriate for simulating the seismic behavior and predicting capacity of unreinforced adobe structures subjected to seismic loading. © 2014, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.",,"Seismic response; Walls (structural partitions); Abaqus/explicit; Damage evolution; Explicit solutions; Modeling process; Seismic behavior; Seismic effect; Seismic loadings; Softening curves; ABAQUS; computer simulation; dynamic analysis; earthquake damage; finite element method; masonry; numerical model; seismic response; shaking table test",,,,,,,,"(2009) Abaqus/CAE Extended Funcionality EF2, Manual, , Dassault Systemss Corporation Providence, RI; Behbahanifard, M.R., Grondin, G.Y., Elwi, A.E., Analysis of steel plate shear walls using explicti finite element method (2004) 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, , Vancouver, Canada; Blondet, M., Vargas, J., (1978) Investigació N Sobre Vivienda Rural, Report, Division of Civil Engineering, , Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru; Blondet, M., Madueño, I., Torrealva, D., Villa-García, G., Ginocchio, F., Using industrial materials for the construction of safe adobe houses in seismic areas (2005) Proceedings of Earth Build 2005 Conference, , Sydney, Australia; Blondet, M., Vargas, J., Velásquez, J., Tarque, N., Experimental study of synthetic mesh reinforcement of historical adobe buildings (2006) Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions, pp. 1-8. , P.B.Lourenç o, P.Roca, C.Modena, and S.Agrawal, Eds.), New Delhi, India; Cruz, J.S., Barros, J., Azevedo Á., Elasto-plastic multi-fixed smeared crack model for concrete (2004) Report 04-DEC/E-05, , University of Minho, Minho, Portugal; Feenstra, P.H., De Borst, R., The use of various crack models in F.E.analysis of reinforced concrete panels (1992) First International Conference on Fracture Mechanics of Concrete Structures: FraMCoS1, , Z.P.Ba?ant, Ed.), Colorado; Feenstra, P.H., Rots, J.G., Comparison of concrete models for cyclic loading (2001) Modeling of Inelastic Behavior of RC Structures under Seismis Loads, , P.B.Shing and T.-A.Tanabe, Eds.), American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA; Feenstra, P.H., and Rots, J.G., 2001.Comparison of Concrete Models for Cyclic Loading, Modeling of Inelastic Behavior of RC Structures under Seismis Loads (P.B.Shing and T.-A.Tanabe, Eds.), American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, 38-55; Harewood, F.J., McHugh, P.E., Comparison of the implicit and explicit finite element methods using crystal plasticity (2007) Computational Materials Science, 39, pp. 481-494; (2008) Census 2007: XI de Población y VI de Vivienda, , http://iinei.inei.gob.pe/iinei/RedatamCpv2007.asp?id=ResultadosCensales?ori=C, Peru accessed on 14 November 2011; Koiter, W.T., General theorems for elastic-plastic solids (1960) Progress in Solid Mechanics, pp. 165-221. , I.N.Sneddon and R.Hill, Eds. North Holland Publishing Company; Lee, J., Fenves, G.L., Plastic-damage mo del for cyclic loading of concrete structures (1998) Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 124, pp. 892-900; Lotfi, H.R., Shing, P.B., Interface model applied to fracture of masonry structures (1994) ASCE, 120, pp. 63-80; Lourenço, P.B., (1996) Computational Strategies for Masonry Structures, , Ph.D. Thesis Delft University, Delft, The Netherlands; Lubliner, J., Oliver, J., Oller, S., Oñate, E., A plastic-damage model for concrete (1989) International Journal of Solids and Structures, 25, pp. 299-326; Memari, A.M., Kauffman, A., Review of existing seismic retrofit methodologies for adobe dwellings and introduction of a new concept (2005) SismoAdobe2005, 15p. , Pontificia Universidad Católica del Per ú, Lima, Peru; Ngo, D., Scordelis, A.C., Finite element analysis of rei nforced concrete beams (1967) American Concrete Institute, 64, pp. 152-163; Ottazzi, G., Yep, J., Blondet, M., Villa-García, G., Ginocchio, F., Ensayos de simulación sísmica de viviendas de adobe (1989) Report, Division of Civil Engineering, , Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru; Park, R., Paulay, T., (1979) Reinforced Concrete Structures, 800p. , LIMUSA Eds., Mexico; Page, A.W., Finite element model for masonry (1978) Journal of Structural Engineering, 104, pp. 1267-1285; Pelà, L., (2008) Continuum Damage Model for Nonlinear Analysis of Masonry Structures, , Ph.D. Thesis Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Roca, P., Cervera, M., Gariup, G., Pela, L., Structural analysis of masonry historical constructions classical and advanced approaches (2010) Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering, 17, pp. 299-325; Rots, J.G., Numerical simulation of cracking in structural masonry (1991) Heron, 36, pp. 49-63; Tarque, N., Crowley, H., Pinho, R., Varum, H., (2012) Displacement-based Fragility Curves for Seismic Assessment of Adobe Buildings in Cusco, 28, pp. 759-794. , Peru, Earthquake Spectra; Tarque, N., Numerical modeling of the seismic behavior of adobe buildings (2011) Ph.D.Thesis, , ROSE School, Istituto di Studi Superiori di Pavia IUSS, Pavia, Italy; Vargas, J., Bariola, J., Blondet, M., Mehta, P.K., Villa García, G., Ginocchio, F., Investigación Científica Innovativa: Edificaciones de adobe en á reas sísmicas (1983) Project AID 936/5542, Report, Division of Civil Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica Del Perú, , Lima, Peru; Wawrzynek, A., Cincio, A., Plastic-damage macro-model for nonlinear masonry structures subjected to cyclic or dynamic loads (2005) Conf.Analytical Models and New Concepts in Concrete and Masonry Structures, AMCM'2005, , Gliwice, Poland",,,,"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute",,,,,87552930,,EASPE,,"English","Earthquake Spectra",Article,"Final","",Scopus,2-s2.0-84920031294
"Aguilar R., Noel M.F., Ramos L.F.","36719908000;57193719313;7202179975;","Integration of reverse engineering and non-linear numerical analysis for the seismic assessment of historical adobe buildings",2019,"Automation in Construction","98",,,"1","15",,24,"10.1016/j.autcon.2018.11.010","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85056775246&doi=10.1016%2fj.autcon.2018.11.010&partnerID=40&md5=423f5b55d912f2629c8c4090efef720c","Department of Engineering, Civil Engineering Section, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú PUCP, Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel, Lima, 32, Peru; ISISE, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, Azurém, Guimarães, P-4800-058, Portugal","Aguilar, R., Department of Engineering, Civil Engineering Section, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú PUCP, Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel, Lima, 32, Peru; Noel, M.F., Department of Engineering, Civil Engineering Section, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú PUCP, Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel, Lima, 32, Peru; Ramos, L.F., ISISE, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, Azurém, Guimarães, P-4800-058, Portugal","This paper aims at presenting a methodology that integrates reverse engineering tools with a combination of advanced and simplified analytical methods to perform predictive analysis of the structural behavior of historical adobe buildings under seismic loads. This methodology proposes the joint use of terrestrial laser scanner and photogrammetry to obtain accurate geometrical models. The methodology also proposes the in-situ measurement of structural system properties through experimental modal tests. All the collected information is used to create representative Finite Element models which are then considered for performing predictive non-linear analyses and identifying the most probable collapse mechanisms. Limit analysis method is finally used to complement the analysis and to assess the structural performance of the adobe building under study considering different seismic scenarios. The methodology proposed in this paper is validated in the church of San Juan Bautista de Huaro, located in Cusco, Peru. This church was built in the 16th century and is known for its impressive mural paintings covering the entire indoor surface of the church. The results of the seismic assessment methodology proposed in this paper allowed to estimate the global behavior and possible damage patterns in the church during seismic events, showing that the most probable failure mechanisms would be the global rocking of the façade and the partial collapse of tympanum of the façade. The application of this methodology also allowed defining the performance levels of this church when facing different seismic scenarios. The results showed that the church should stay in a safe state until occasional earthquakes with a return period of 72 years. However, the results also indicate that rare earthquakes (return period of 475 years) will produce an unsafe structural condition with partial collapses of structural elements. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.","Finite element modelling; Geometrical acquisition; Limit analysis; Non-linear analysis; Reverse engineering; Seismic vulnerability assessment","Binary codes; Composite structures; Damage detection; Earthquake engineering; Earthquakes; Failure (mechanical); Rare earths; Religious buildings; Reverse engineering; Structural analysis; Finite element modelling; Geometrical acquisition; Limit analysis; Reverse engineering tools; Seismic vulnerability; Simplified analytical methods; Structural system properties; Terrestrial laser scanners; Finite element method",,,,,"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica, CONCYTEC: 027-2015 FONDECYT; Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico, Tecnológico y de Innovación Tecnológica, FONDECYT; Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, PUCP: 349-2016","This research was performed by the Engineering & Heritage research group at PUCP with collaboration from the Department of Structural Engineering of the University of Minho in Portugal. The authors would like to acknowledge the Directorate of Research Management at PUCP (project N° 349-2016 ) for funding this research. The second author also gratefully acknowledges CONCYTEC for the scholarship in support of her Master studies (Contract N° 027-2015 FONDECYT ). Finally, the authors acknowledge the special support provided by the order of the Jesuits and the research assistant Rossemary Enciso.","This research was performed by the Engineering & Heritage research group at PUCP with collaboration from the Department of Structural Engineering of the University of Minho in Portugal. The authors would like to acknowledge the Directorate of Research Management at PUCP (project N° 349-2016) for funding this research. The second author also gratefully acknowledges CONCYTEC for the scholarship in support of her Master studies (Contract N° 027-2015 FONDECYT). Finally, the authors acknowledge the special support provided by the order of the Jesuits and the research assistant Rossemary Enciso.","Lourenço, P.B., Recommendations for restoration of ancient buildings and the survival of a masonry chimney (2006) Constr. Build. Mater., 20 (4), pp. 239-251; Ginell, W.S., Tolles, E.L., Seismic stabilization of historic adobe structures (2000) J. Am. Inst. Conserv., 39 (1), pp. 147-163; Várady, T., Martin, R., Cox, J., Reverse engineering of geometric models—an introduction (1997) Comput. Aided Des., 29 (4), pp. 255-268; Anwer, N., Mathieu, L., From reverse engineering to shape engineering in mechanical design (2016) CIRP Ann. Manuf. 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Universitaria 1801, San Miguel, Peru; email: raguilar@pucp.pe",,,"Elsevier B.V.",,,,,09265805,,AUCOE,,"English","Autom Constr",Article,"Final","",Scopus,2-s2.0-85056775246
"Toda M.J., Lodowski P., Mamun A.A., Jaworska M., Kozlowski P.M.","57197837503;6507952774;57202469426;8538883400;7103188738;","Photolytic properties of the biologically active forms of vitamin B12",2019,"Coordination Chemistry Reviews","385",,,"20","43",,23,"10.1016/j.ccr.2018.12.017","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85060737976&doi=10.1016%2fj.ccr.2018.12.017&partnerID=40&md5=71ac6bcc857303d072e9e55e0dfcd451","Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY  40292, United States; Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna 9, Katowice, PL-40 006, Poland","Toda, M.J., Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY  40292, United States; Lodowski, P., Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna 9, Katowice, PL-40 006, Poland; Mamun, A.A., Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY  40292, United States; Jaworska, M., Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna 9, Katowice, PL-40 006, Poland; Kozlowski, P.M., Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY  40292, United States","The biologically active forms of vitamin B12, methylcobalamin (MeCbl) and adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl), are important cofactors in a variety of enzymatic processes. In addition to their roles as cofactors, these B12 derivatives have unique photolytic properties based on the light-sensitivity of the organometallic Co–C bond. Their photolysis is mediated by low-lying excited states, where photodissociation of the Co–C bond leads to formation of singlet-born alkyl/cob(II)alamin radical pairs (RPs). Also, the geometric and electronic characteristics of cobalamins (Cbls) are different based on whether the 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole base (DBI) is bound as the lower axial ligand (base-on) or replaced by water (base-off) in strongly acidic conditions. The focus of this review is to summarize the current understanding of these photolytic properties from a theoretical perspective. Potential energy surfaces (PESs) associated with low-lying excited states, constructed as functions of both axial bond lengths, provide the most reliable tool for understanding the photodissociation mechanisms. The primary computational method for calculating ground state properties is density functional theory (DFT), while time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) is used for electronically excited states. Based on such constructed PESs, energy pathways connecting metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) and ligand field (LF) electronic states, can be associated with the light induced photo-homolysis of the Co–C bond that is observed experimentally. Likewise, the crossing of the S1/S0 surfaces can be used to describe internal conversion (IC) to the ground state. Particular emphasis will be placed on the differences observed in the photodissociation mechanisms and the photolytic properties of the base-on versus base-off B12 cofactors. The possibility of intersystem crossing (ISC) and the formation of triplet RP is also presented based on semi-classical Landau-Zener theory. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.",,,,,,,,,,"Dolphin, D., B12 Volume 1: Chemistry (1982), John Wiley & Sons New York; Banerjee, R., (1997) Chem. 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"Ortega J., Vasconcelos G., Rodrigues H., Correia M.","56376170600;23399035000;57220807327;56868212700;","Assessment of the influence of horizontal diaphragms on the seismic performance of vernacular buildings",2018,"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","16","9",,"3871","3904",,21,"10.1007/s10518-018-0318-8","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85041126183&doi=10.1007%2fs10518-018-0318-8&partnerID=40&md5=57a0a24d82ffc2fc9c811b6101296cd0","ISISE, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, Guimarães, 4800-058, Portugal; RISCO, School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal; CI-ESG Research Centre, Escola Superior Gallaecia, Vila Nova de Cerveira, Portugal","Ortega, J., ISISE, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, Guimarães, 4800-058, Portugal; Vasconcelos, G., ISISE, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, Guimarães, 4800-058, Portugal; Rodrigues, H., RISCO, School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal; Correia, M., CI-ESG Research Centre, Escola Superior Gallaecia, Vila Nova de Cerveira, Portugal","The awareness and preservation of the vernacular heritage and traditional construction techniques and materials is crucial as a key element of cultural identity. However, vernacular architecture located in earthquake prone areas can show a particularly poor seismic performance because of inadequate construction practices resulting from economic restraints and lack of resources. The horizontal diaphragms are one of the key aspects influencing the seismic behavior of buildings because of their major role transmitting the seismic actions to the vertical resisting elements of the structure. This paper presents a numerical parametric study adopted to understand the seismic behavior and resisting mechanisms of vernacular buildings according to the type of horizontal diaphragm considered. Detailed finite element modeling and nonlinear static (pushover) analyses were used to perform the thorough parametric study aimed at the evaluation and quantification of the influence of the type of diaphragm in the seismic behavior of vernacular buildings. The reference models used for this study simulate representative rammed earth and stone masonry vernacular buildings commonly found in the South of Portugal. Therefore, this paper also contributes for a better insight of the structural behavior of vernacular earthen and stone masonry typologies under seismic loading. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media B.V., part of Springer Nature.","Horizontal diaphragms; Numerical analysis; Pushover parametric study; Rammed earth; Seismic behavior; Stone masonry; Vernacular architecture","Buildings; Earthquakes; Finite element method; Masonry materials; Numerical analysis; Seismic response; Seismic waves; Horizontal diaphragms; Parametric study; Rammed earth; Seismic behavior; Stone masonry; Vernacular architecture; Diaphragms; assessment method; cultural identity; cyclic loading; diaphragm wall; Earth; heritage conservation; masonry; numerical method; performance assessment; seismic response; seismicity; traditional knowledge; vernacular architecture; Portugal",,,,,"Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, FCT: POC1-01-0145-FEDER-007633","The work presented in this paper was partly financed by FEDER funds through the Competitivity and Internationalization Operational Programme—COMPETE and by national funds through FCT—Foundation for Science and Technology within the scope of the project POC1-01-0145-FEDER-007633. This work was also financed in the framework of the Portuguese Public Procurement Code, LOTE 3EC5—Escola Secundária da Anadia e Gafanha da Nazaré.",,"Angulo-Ibáñez, Q., Mas-Tomás, Á., Galvañ-Llopis, V., Sántolaria-Montesinos, J.L., Traditional braces of earth constructions (2012) Constr Build Mater, 30, pp. 389-399; Barbisan, U., Laner, F., Wooden floors: part of historical antiseismic building systems (1995) Ann Geophys, 38, pp. 775-784; Benedetti, D., Petrini, V., Sulla Vulnerabilità Di Edifici in Muratura: Proposta Di Un Metodo Di Valutazione (1984) L’industria delle Costruzioni, 149 (1), pp. 66-74; Betti, M., Vignoli, A., Numerical assessment of the static and seismic behaviour of the basilica of Santa Maria all’Impruneta (Italy) (2011) Constr Build Mater, 25 (12), pp. 4308-4324; Blondet, M., Garcia, G., Brzev, S., Rubiñós, A., (2011) Earthquake-resistant construction of adobe buildings: a tutorial, , Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI), Oakland; Bothara, J., Brzev, S., (2012) A tutorial: improving the seismic performance of stone masonry buildings, , Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI), Oakland; Braga, A., Estevão, J., (2010) Os Sismos e a Construção em Taipa no Algarve. 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Avaliação Da Vulnerabilidade E Do Risco sísmico Do Edificado Da Baixa De Coimbra, , Ph.D. dissertation, Universidade de Aveiro; Vicente, R., Parodi, S., Lagomarsino, S., Varum, H., Mendes da Silva, J.A.R., Seismic vulnerability and risk assessment: case study of the historic city centre of Coimbra, Portugal (2011) Bull Earthq Eng, 9 (4), pp. 1067-1096; Vintzileou, E., Mouzakis, C., Adami, C.E., Karapitta, L., Seismic behaviour of three-leaf stone masonry buildings before and after interventions: shaking table tests on a two-storey masonry model (2015) Bull Earthq Eng, 13 (10), pp. 3107-3133; Whitney, R., Agrawal, A., Seismic performance of flexible timber diaphragms: damping, force-displacement and natural period (2015) Eng Struct, 101, pp. 583-590; Wilson, A., Quenneville, P., Ingham, J., Natural period and seismic idealization of flexible timber diaphragms (2013) Earthq Spectra, 29 (3), pp. 1003-1019; Wilson, A., Quenneville, P.J.H., Ingham, J.M., In-plane orthotropic behavior of timber floor diaphragms in unreinforced masonry buildings (2014) J Struct Eng, 140 (1), p. 04013038","Ortega, J.; ISISE, Campus de Azurém, Portugal; email: javier.ortega@civil.uminho.pt",,,"Springer Netherlands",,,,,1570761X,,,,"English","Bull. Earthquake Engin.",Article,"Final","All Open Access, Green",Scopus,2-s2.0-85041126183
"Ortega J., Vasconcelos G., Rodrigues H., Correia M.","56376170600;23399035000;57220807327;56868212700;","Assessment of the efficiency of traditional earthquake resistant techniques for vernacular architecture",2018,"Engineering Structures","173",,,"1","27",,20,"10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.06.101","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85049307575&doi=10.1016%2fj.engstruct.2018.06.101&partnerID=40&md5=6368c1e2b9435b70d594557c4b5065d1","ISISE, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, Guimarães, Campus de Azurém, Guimarães, 4800-058, Portugal; RISCO, School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Campus 2, Leiria, 2411-901, Portugal; CI-ESG Research Centre, Escola Superior Gallaecia, Vila Nova de Cerveira, Portugal","Ortega, J., ISISE, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, Guimarães, Campus de Azurém, Guimarães, 4800-058, Portugal; Vasconcelos, G., ISISE, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, Guimarães, Campus de Azurém, Guimarães, 4800-058, Portugal; Rodrigues, H., RISCO, School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Campus 2, Leiria, 2411-901, Portugal; Correia, M., CI-ESG Research Centre, Escola Superior Gallaecia, Vila Nova de Cerveira, Portugal","Specific architectural elements can be identified in constructions located in regions frequently exposed to earthquakes. These earthquake resistant features were developed empirically by local communities to protect their built-up environment. Research in these traditional practices, resulting from a local seismic culture, is a relevant and positive approach, since it focuses on the strength of the system rather than on its weaknesses. Its integration into current vernacular building practices can help to preserve and retrofit surviving in-use examples while respecting their authenticity. The main goal of the present work is to assess numerically the efficiency of traditional earthquake resistant solutions to mitigate the seismic vulnerability of vernacular architecture. The paper thus presents the results of a detailed numerical study based on finite element modeling and nonlinear static (pushover) analysis intended to quantitatively evaluate the influence of each technique on the seismic behavior of vernacular constructions and to better understand their structural role under seismic loading. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd","Earthquakes; Local seismic culture; Numerical analysis; Pushover parametric study; Rammed earth; Seismic performance; Seismic strengthening; Stone masonry; Vernacular architecture","Architecture; Earthquake engineering; Efficiency; Historic preservation; Numerical analysis; Parametric study; Rammed earth; Seismic Performance; Seismic strengthening; Stone masonry; Vernacular architecture; Earthquakes; dynamic response; earthquake engineering; finite element method; loading; masonry; seismic design; seismic response; strength; structural analysis; vernacular architecture",,,,,"Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, FCT: POC1-01-0145-FEDER-007633; Federación Española de Enfermedades Raras, FEDER","The work presented in this paper was partly financed by FEDER funds through the Competitivity and Internationalization Operational Programme – COMPETE and by national funds through FCT – Foundation for Science and Technology within the scope of the project POC1-01-0145-FEDER-007633. This work was also financed in the framework of the Portuguese Public Procurement Code, LOTE 3EC5 – Escola Secundária da Anadia e Gafanha da Nazaré.","The work presented in this paper was partly financed by FEDER funds through the Competitivity and Internationalization Operational Programme – COMPETE and by national funds through FCT – Foundation for Science and Technology within the scope of the project POC1-01-0145-FEDER-007633 . This work was also financed in the framework of the Portuguese Public Procurement Code, LOTE 3EC5 – Escola Secundária da Anadia e Gafanha da Nazaré.","Angulo-Ibáñez, Q., Mas-Tomás, Á., Galvañ-Llopis, V., Sántolaria-Montesinos, J.L., Traditional braces of earth constructions (2012) Constr Build Mater, 30, pp. 389-399; Audefroy, J.F., Haiti: post-earthquake lessons learned from traditional construction (2011) Environ Urban, 23 (2), pp. 447-462; Betti, M., Vignoli, A., Numerical assessment of the static and seismic behaviour of the basilica of Santa Maria all'Impruneta (Italy) (2011) Constr Build Mater, 25 (12), pp. 4308-4324; Braga, A., Estevão, J., (2010), Os Sismos e a Construção em Taipa no Algarve. In: Proc. of Sísmica 2010 – 8°Congresso de Sismologia e Engenharia Sísmica, Aveiro, Portugal;; Bui, Q.-B., Morel, J.-C., Hans, S., Meunier, N., Compression behaviour of non-industrial materials in civil engineering by three scale experiments: the case of rammed earth (2008) Mater Struct, 42 (8), pp. 1101-1116; Correia, M., Merten, J., (2001), Preliminary report of the local seismic culture in Portugal. In: Taversism project – atlas of local seismic cultures, EUCCH, Ravello, Italy;; Correia, M., (2002), A Habitação Vernácula Rural no Alentejo, Portugal. In: Memorias del IV Seminario Iberoamericano sobre vivienda rural y calidad de vida en los asentamientos rurales, Santiago del Chile, Chile;; Correia, M., Taipa no Alentejo (2007), Argumentum Lisboa, Portugal; Correia, M., Carlos, G., Cultura sísmica local em Portugal/Local seismic culture in Portugal (2015), Argumentum Lisboa, Portugal; D'Ayala, D.F., Paganoni, S., Assessment and analysis of damage in L'Aquila historic city centre after 6th April 2009 (2011) Bull Earthq Eng, 9 (1), pp. 81-104; Ferreira, F., Vicente, R., Varum, H., Costa, A., Costa, A.A., (2012), Out-of-plane seismic response of stone masonry walls: experimental and analytical study of real piers. In: Proc. of the 15th world conference on earthquake engineering, Lisbon, Portugal;; Ferrigni, F., Lorenzello, S., (1990), à la recherché des anomalies qui protégent. 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Cultural HELP 2014 Special Issue; Ortega, J., Vasconcelos, G., Rodrigues, H., Correia, M., Lourenço, P.B., Traditional earthquake resistant techniques for vernacular architecture and local seismic cultures: a literature review (2017) J Cult Herit, 27, pp. 181-196; Ortega, J., Vasconcelos, G., Rodrigues, H., Correia, M., Assessment of the influence of horizontal diaphragms on the seismic performance of vernacular buildings (2018) Bull Earthq Eng; Pierotti, P., Uliveri, D., Culture sismiche local (2001), Edizioni Plus, Università di Pisa Pisa, Italy; Rota, M., Penna, A., Magenes, G., A methodology for deriving analytical fragility curves for masonry buildings based on stochastic nonlinear analyses (2010) Eng Struct, 32 (5), pp. 1312-1323; Saloustros, S., Pelà, L., Roca, P., Portal, J., Numerical analysis of structural damage in the church of the Poblet Monastery (2014) Eng Fail Anal, 48, pp. 41-61; Schacher, T., Bhatar construction: an illustrated guide for craftsmen (2007), Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SDC Mansehra, NWFP, Pakistan; TNO, (2011), DIsplacement method ANAlyser. User's manual, release 9.4.4. Netherlands;; Tolles, E.L., Kimbro, E., Webster, F., Ginell, W., Seismic stabilization of historic adobe structures: final report of the Getty Seismic Adobe Project. GCI Scientific Program Reports (2000), The Getty Conservation Institute Los Angeles, USA; Touliatos, P.G., (1992), Traditional aseismic techniques in Greece. In: Mendes Victor L, editors. Proc. of the international workshop ‘Les systemes nationaux faces aux seismes majeurs’, Lisbon, Portugal;; Vintzileou, E., Effect of timber ties on the behavior of historic masonry (2008) J Struct Eng, 134 (6), pp. 961-972; Wilson, A., Quenneville, P., Ingham, J., Natural period and seismic idealization of flexible timber diaphragms (2013) Earthq Spectra, 29 (3), pp. 1003-1019","Ortega, J.; ISISE, Guimarães, Campus de Azurém, Portugal; email: javier.ortega@civil.uminho.pt",,,"Elsevier Ltd",,,,,01410296,,ENSTD,,"English","Eng. Struct.",Article,"Final","",Scopus,2-s2.0-85049307575
"Fagone M., Kloft H., Loccarini F., Ranocchiai G.","6504320470;37122181200;56034486500;7801436193;","Jute fabric as a reinforcement for rammed earth structures",2019,"Composites Part B: Engineering","175",,"107064","","",,18,"10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107064","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85068144594&doi=10.1016%2fj.compositesb.2019.107064&partnerID=40&md5=4a003fb1e2a28e7dc45673024ef8f583","Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Piazza F. Brunelleschi 6, Florence, 50121, Italy; Institute of Structural Design, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Pockelsstrasse 4, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany","Fagone, M., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Piazza F. Brunelleschi 6, Florence, 50121, Italy; Kloft, H., Institute of Structural Design, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Pockelsstrasse 4, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany; Loccarini, F., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Piazza F. Brunelleschi 6, Florence, 50121, Italy; Ranocchiai, G., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Piazza F. Brunelleschi 6, Florence, 50121, Italy","This paper reports the results of an experimental campaign that aims at evaluating the capability of a composite made of jute fabric and stabilized earth matrix to act as a reinforcement of earth structures, and the analytical models able to interpret the results. Preliminary studies carried out in order to test adequate reinforcement systems for earthen structures, demonstrated that jute fabric applied with a stabilized earth plaster, among other natural fibers or systems, is able to develop exceptional adhesion and adequate stiffness. However, the collapse mechanisms observed seems to favor the rupture of reinforcement rather than the crisis of adhesion usually observed when dealing with artificial FRC reinforcements. It was necessary to step back to the theories of adhesion to plan the experimental analysis of the jute reinforcement for rammed earth structures. The poor material, the fact that adhesive and support are almost the same material (differing only for grain size, density and a small amount of gypsum), the difficulty in measuring fabric properties, strength and, most of all, local deformation and fracture energy in earthen materials, induced to define a specific procedure. The uncertainties connected to the determination of mechanical parameters were overcome both using statistical approach and numerical analysis of data, and reducing the number of parameters necessary to the analysis, that is turning to simple adhesion models. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd",,"Adhesion; Adhesives; Jute fibers; Uncertainty analysis; Collapse mechanism; Earthen structures; Experimental analysis; Experimental campaign; Local deformations; Mechanical parameters; Reinforcement systems; Statistical approach; Reinforcement",,,,,"Università degli Studi di Firenze","The authors are grateful for the financial support provided by University of Florence, Italy",,"Silveira, D., Varum, H., Costa, A., Martins, T., Pereira, H., Almeida, J., Mechanical properties of adobe bricks in ancient constructions (2012) Constr Build Mater, 28, pp. 36-44; Pacheco-Torgal, F., Jalali, S., Earth construction: lessons from the past for future eco-efficient construction (2012) Constr Build Mater, 29, pp. 512-519; Clementi, F., Lenci, S., Sadowski, T., Fracture characteristics of unfired earth (2008) Int J Fract, 149, pp. 193-198; Lenci, S., Piattoni, Q., Clementi, F., Sadowski, T., An experimental study on damage evolution of unfired dry earth under compression (2011) Int J Fract, 172, pp. 193-200; Oliveira, D.V., Miranda, T.F., Ramos, L.F., Silva, R.A., Soares, E., Leitão, D., Mechanical performance of compressed earth block masonry using granitic residual soils (2016) Ib2Mac, pp. 865-871; Bui, Q.B., Morel, J.C., Hans, S., Walker, P., Effect of moisture content on the mechanical characteristics of rammed earth (2014) Constr Build Mater, 54, pp. 163-169; Miccoli, L., Müller, U., Fontana, P., Mechanical behaviour of earthen materials: a comparison between earth block masonry, rammed earth and cob (2014) Constr Build Mater, 61, pp. 327-339; Aubert, J.E., Maillard, P., Morel, J.C., Al Rafii, M., Towards a simple compressive strength test for earth bricks? 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Brunelleschi 6, Italy; email: giovanna.ranocchiai@unifi.it",,,"Elsevier Ltd",,,,,13598368,,CPBEF,,"English","Compos Part B: Eng",Article,"Final","",Scopus,2-s2.0-85068144594
"Michiels T., Napolitano R., Adriaenssens S., Glisic B.","57192257811;57194621055;25521292500;57200346944;","Comparison of thrust line analysis, limit state analysis and distinct element modeling to predict the collapse load and collapse mechanism of a rammed earth arch",2017,"Engineering Structures","148",,,"145","156",,17,"10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.06.053","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85021282253&doi=10.1016%2fj.engstruct.2017.06.053&partnerID=40&md5=880d54749c24e5e1bf2b58ed2cfdc43b","Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, E-Quad, 59 Olden Street, Princeton, NJ  08544, United States","Michiels, T., Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, E-Quad, 59 Olden Street, Princeton, NJ  08544, United States; Napolitano, R., Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, E-Quad, 59 Olden Street, Princeton, NJ  08544, United States; Adriaenssens, S., Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, E-Quad, 59 Olden Street, Princeton, NJ  08544, United States; Glisic, B., Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, E-Quad, 59 Olden Street, Princeton, NJ  08544, United States","This paper assesses the suitability of two analytical and one numerical analysis techniques to determine the collapse load and the collapse mechanism of a rammed earth arch. The first method, based on thrust line analysis, is a graphic statics based approach that can predict collapse relying only on material properties of density and compressive strength, assuming that rammed earth has no tensile strength. The second method, limit state analysis, is based on a virtual work formulation to predict the collapse assuming the same set of material properties. Both analytical methods have been adapted from masonry analysis to take into account the limited compressive strength of rammed earth to better predict the rammed earth arch's behavior and can be generalized to any material without tensile strength. The third method is based on a distinct element modeling technique. It is shown through a comparison with a load testing experiment of a 2 m span rammed earth arch that thrust line analysis is an excellent tool to predict the collapse load, but that it cannot provide decisive information regarding collapse mechanisms. Limit state analysis, in contrast, is very suitable to determine the collapse mechanism but may underestimate the ultimate load capacity if the location where cracks can form is not known in advance. Distinct element modeling can provide accurate information on both collapse mechanism and collapse load, but is more computationally demanding and requires a comprehensive characterization of material properties. The application of these techniques to rammed earth is motivated by the rise of the design of new arched and curved rammed earth structures, while appropriate analysis tools are lacking. © 2017","Collapse load; Discrete element modeling; Graphic statics; Limit state analysis; Rammed earth; Thrust line analysis","Arch bridges; Arches; Characterization; Compressive strength; Forecasting; Graphic methods; Load testing; Strength of materials; Tensile strength; Collapse loads; Discrete element modeling; Graphic statics; Limit state analysis; Rammed earth; Thrust line; Slope stability; arch; discrete element method; distinct element method; limit analysis; loading; modeling; prediction; thrust",,,,,,,,"Houben, H., Guillaud, H., Earth Construction: A Comprehensive Guide (1994), Intermediate Technology Publications; Romain, A., Earthen construction, another way to house the planet (2011) Private Sect Dev, pp. 18-21; Davis, L., Earthen Architecture: Stigma and Promise (2012), Construction Ahead: Constructing Alternatives Addis Ababa; Walker, P., Rammed Earth: Design and Construction Guidelines (2005), BRE Bookshop Watford; Jaquin, P.A., Analysis of historic rammed earth construction (2008) School of Engineering, , Durham University Durham; Ciancio, D., Augarde, C., Capacity of unreinforced rammed earth walls subject to lateral wind force: elastic analysis versus ultimate strength analysis (2013) Mater Struct, 46 (9), pp. 1569-1585; Gerard, P., A unified failure criterion for unstabilized rammed earth materials upon varying relative humidity conditions (2015) Constr Build Mater, 95, pp. 437-447; Miccoli, L., Static behaviour of rammed earth: experimental testing and finite element modelling (2015) Mater Struct, 48 (10), pp. 3443-3456; Bui, T.-T., Modeling rammed earth wall using discrete element method (2016) Continuum Mech Thermodyn, 28 (1-2), pp. 523-538; Dahmen, J., Earth masonry structures: arches, vaults and domes (2012), p. 427. , Modern Earth Buildings: Materials, Engineering, Constructions and Applications;; Keable, R., (2016), http://rammedearthconsulting.com/rammed-earth-arches.htm, Rammed earth arches [cited 2016 December 6, 2016] Available from:; Aitkin, T., Rammed Earth Vault – a world first? (2016) Sustainable Architecture Blog [Blogpost], , http://blog.cat.org.uk/2016/01/08/rammed-earth-vault-a-world-first/, January 8, 2016 [cited 2016 December 6, 2016]. Available from:; ASTM, D., (2007), pp. 422-63. , Standard test method for particle-size analysis of soils, 2011; Lax, C., Life cycle assessment of rammed earth (2010), [Msc. thesis] University of Bath United Kingdom; Venkatarama Reddy, B.V., Prasanna Kumar, P., Embodied energy in cement stabilised rammed earth walls (2010) Energy Build, 42 (3), pp. 380-385; Bui, T.-T., Failure of rammed earth walls: from observations to quantifications (2014) Constr Build Mater, 51, pp. 295-302; DeJong, M.J., Seismic assessment strategies for masonry structures (2009), Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Lourenço, P.B., Karanikoloudis, G., Greco, F., In situ testing and modeling of cultural heritage buildings in Peru (2016) Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions – Anamnesis, Diagnosis, Therapy, Controls, , Taylor & Francis Group Leuven, London; Allen, E., Zalewski, W., Form and Forces: Designing Efficient, Expressive Structures (2009), John Wiley & Sons London; Heyman, J., The stone skeleton: structural engineering of masonry architecture (1995), Cambridge University Press Cambridge, New York; Block, P., Ciblac, T., Ochsendorf, J., Real-time limit analysis of vaulted masonry buildings (2006) Comput Struct, 84 (29), pp. 1841-1852; Huerta Fernández, S., (2001), Mechanics of masonry vaults: the equilibrium approach;; Kooharian, A., Limit analysis of voussoir (segmental) and concrete archs (1952) J Proc; Gilbert, M., Melbourne, C., Rigid-block analysis of masonry structures (1994) Struct Eng, 72 (21); Ochsendorf, J.A., Collapse of Masonry Structures (2002), University of Cambridge; Dimitri, R., Tornabene, F., A parametric investigation of the seismic capacity for masonry arches and portals of different shapes (2015) Eng Fail Anal, 52, pp. 1-34; McNeel, R., Grasshopper-Generative Modeling with Rhino (2010), McNeel North America Seattle, USA; Group, I.C., (2015), 3DEC version 5.00 Distinct-Element Modeling of Jointed and Blocky Material in 3D. Minneapolis;; Daudon, D., Adobe construction modeling by discrete element method: first methodological steps (2014) Procedia Econ Finance, 18, pp. 247-254; NTC, Norme tecniche per le costruzioni (2008), Il Capo del Dipartimento della Protezione Civile – Il Ministro Delle Infrastrutture Italy (in Italian); Vermeer, P.A., De Borst, R., Non-associated plasticity for soils, concrete and rock (1984) HERON, 29 (3), p. 1984","Michiels, T.; Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, E-Quad, 59 Olden Street, United States; email: michiels@princeton.edu",,,"Elsevier Ltd",,,,,01410296,,ENSTD,,"English","Eng. Struct.",Article,"Final","",Scopus,2-s2.0-85021282253
"H. Sadeghi N., Oliveira D.V., Correia M., Azizi-Bondarabadi H., Orduña A.","57191522397;9249985900;56868212700;57191514145;8329363500;","Seismic performance of historical vaulted adobe constructions: a numerical case study from Yazd, Iran",2018,"International Journal of Architectural Heritage","12","5",,"879","897",,14,"10.1080/15583058.2017.1422573","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85041115144&doi=10.1080%2f15583058.2017.1422573&partnerID=40&md5=e9cc4024a760d1193846284b7646170e","ISISE, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal; Escola Superior Gallaecia, Vila Nova de Cerveira, Portugal; Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Colima, Coquimatlán, Colima, Mexico","H. Sadeghi, N., ISISE, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal; Oliveira, D.V., ISISE, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal; Correia, M., Escola Superior Gallaecia, Vila Nova de Cerveira, Portugal; Azizi-Bondarabadi, H., ISISE, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal; Orduña, A., Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Colima, Coquimatlán, Colima, Mexico","Past earthquakes have demonstrated that historical vaulted adobe buildings are highly vulnerable to seismic actions. Hence, it is crucial for such building typologies to be evaluated in terms of seismic capacity. To this end, this article deals with the seismic performance of historical vaulted adobe houses from the city of Yazd, Iran as one of the seismically active areas of the world and possessing a very rich adobe heritage. Thus, and based on a detailed geometrical survey, a representative sample of adobe houses from Yazd was studied using a simplified in-plane analysis based on three geometric indexes. Concerning the out-of-plane behavior, a deeper assessment was conducted by performing a numerical study, where the main influential parameters on the seismic behavior of vaulted adobe buildings were considered. The numerical analyses were carried out by adopting the limit analysis theory implemented in the Block2D software. The results obtained indicate the safe in-plane behavior of most of the houses and the safe out-of-plane response of the sample under gravitational loads. However, the sample out-of-plane safety under earthquake-induced loads seems to be a matter of concern. © 2018 Taylor & Francis.","Adobe vaults; historic adobe houses; limit analysis; seismic assessment; simplified indexes","Houses; Seismic waves; Adobe house; Adobe vaults; Limit analysis; Seismic assessment; simplified indexes; Earthquakes; building; construction; geometry; induced seismicity; limit analysis; numerical method; performance assessment; seismic response; typology; vulnerability; Iran; Yazd",,,,,"Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, FCT: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007633, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016737, PTDC/ECM-EST/2777/2014","This work is partially financed by FEDER funds through the Competitivity Factors Operational Programme (COMPETE) and by national funds through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) within the scope of the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007633 and project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016737 (PTDC/ECM-EST/2777/2014). This work was also partly financed in the framework of the Portuguese Public Procurement Code, LOTE 3EC5 – Escola Secundária da Anadia e Gafanha da Nazaré.",,"Abouei, R., Conservation of Badgirs and Qanats in Yazd, Central Iran (2006) The 23th conference on passive and low Energy Architecture, , Geneve, Switzerland; Ambraseys, N.N., Melville, C.P., (2005) A history of Persian earthquakes, , New York, NY: Cambridge university press, and; (2004) Bam Earthquake of 26 December 2003. Islamic Republic of Iran. Relief, Recover and Immediate Rehabilitation, , https://www.unicef.org/emerg/files/Flash_Appeal_8_January_2004_New.pdf, United Nations; Arya, A.S., Boen, T., Ishiyama, Y., (2014) Guidelines for earthquake resistant non-engineered construction, , UNESCO, and,. Paris, France; Ashtiany, M., (2004) Preliminary observations on the Bam, Iran, Earthquake of Dec. 26, 2003, , https://www.eeri.org/lfe/pdf/iran_bam_eeri_preliminary_report.pdf, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI); Berberian, M., Tabas-e-Golshan (Iran) catastrophic earthquake of 16 September 1978; a preliminary field report (1979) Disasters, 2 (4), pp. 207-219; (2015) Iranian code of practice for seismic resistant design of buildings (Standard No. 2800), , Fourth Revision, Tehran, Iran: Building and Housing Research Center, Iran (in Persian); Blondet, M., Neumann, J.V., Velásquez, J., Tarque, N., Lourenço, P.B., Roca, P., Modena, C., Agrawal, S., Experimental study of synthetic mesh reinforcement of historical adobe buildings (2006) Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions, New Delhi 2006, , In, ed., and,. India: Macmillan; Blondet, M., Vargas Neumann, J., Tarque, N., Observed behaviour of earthen structures during the Pisco (Peru) earthquake of August 15, 2007 (2008) 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering; Bossio, S., Blondet, M., Rihal, S., Seismic behavior and shaking direction influence on adobe wall structures reinforced with geogrid (2013) Earthquake Spectra, 29 (1), pp. 59-84; California code of regulations, title 24, part 8 (2013) California Historical Building Code, California Historical Building Code, , U.S.A: International Code Council; (2004) Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance-Part 1: General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings, , Brussels: CEN; Dowling, D., Rose, W.I., Bommer, J.B., López, D.L., Carr, M.J., Major, J.J., Adobe housing in El Salvador: Earthquake performance and seismic improvement (2004) Natural Hazards in El Salvador, , In, ed., and,. U.S.A: Geological Society of America; Eslami, A., Ronagh, H.R., Mahini, S.S., Morshed, R., Experimental investigation and nonlinear FE analysis of historical masonry buildings–A case study (2012) Construction and Building Materials, 35, pp. 251-260; Figueiredo, A., Varum, H., Costa, A., Silveira, D., Oliveira, C., Seismic retrofitting solution of an adobe masonry wall (2013) Materials and Structures, 46 (1-2), pp. 203-219; Heyman, J., (1982) The masonry arch, , Chichester, UK: Ellis Horwood Limited; Heyman, J., (1997) The stone skeleton: Structural engineering of masonry architecture, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; (2001) International institute of earthquake engineering and seismology, , http://www.iiees.ac.ir/en/; Illampas, R., (2013) Experimental and computational investigation of the structural response of adobe structures, , Doctoral Dissertation, University of Cyprus; (2017) Seismicity maps of the provinces of Iran (1900-2016), , Tehran, Iran: Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran; (2016) Report: Historic context around the Jafar’s holy shrine 2013, , http://www.iranicomos.org/?p=1731, cited 4/4 2016; Jafarzade, F., Civil engineering features of damage on June 20, 1990 Manjil- Rudbar earthquake, Iran (1992) Earthquake engineering, tenth world conference, , Balkema, Rotterdam; Kiyono, J., Kalantari, A., Collapse mechanism of adobe and masonry structures during the 2003 Iran Bam earthquake (2004) Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, 79, pp. 157-161; Kuwata, Y., Takada, S., Bastami, M., Building damage and human casualties during the Bam-Iran earthquake (2005) Asian Journal of Civil Engineering (Building and Housing), 6 (1-2), pp. 1-19; Lotfalipour, M., Dehghan-Banadaki, A., Bakhshi, A., Ghannad, M.A., Dynamic characteristics of rural adobe houses in Iran using ambient vibration measurements (2008) 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, , Beijing, China:, and; Lourenço, P.B., Computations on historic masonry structures (2002) Progress in Structural Engineering and Materials, 4 (3), pp. 301-319; Lourenço, P.B., Oliveira, D.V., Leite, J.C., Ingham, J.M., Modena, C., Da Porto, F., Simplified indexes for the seismic assessment of masonry buildings: International database and validation (2013) Engineering Failure Analysis, 34, pp. 585-605; Lourenço, P.B., Oliveira, D.V., Roca, P., Orduña, A., Dry joint stone masonry walls subjected to in-plane combined loading (2005) Journal of Structural Engineering, 131 (11), pp. 1665-1673; Lourenço, P.B., Roque, J.A., Simplified indexes for the seismic vulnerability of ancient masonry buildings (2006) Construction and Building Materials, 20 (4), pp. 200-208; Mahdi, T., Performance of traditional arches and domes in recent Iranian earthquakes (2004) 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, , Vancouver, B.C., Canada; Maheri, M.R., Naeim, F., Mehrain, M., Performance of adobe residential buildings in the 2003 Bam, Iran, Earthquake (2005) Earthquake Spectra, 21 (S1), pp. 337-344; Maïni, S., (2004) The French contribution to the reconstruction of Bam and its citadel: Diagnosis of damages to vaulted structures Arg-e Bam and Bam town, , Iran: International Center for Earth Construction, School of Architecture of Grenoble; Meli, R., (1998) Structural engineering of historical buildings, , Mexico-City: Fundación ICA (Spanish); Mendes, N., Masonry macro-block analysis (2014) Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering; Minke, G., (2006) Building with Earth: Design and Technology of a Sustainable Architecture, , Basel: Birkhäuser; Oliveira, D.V., Lourenço, P.B., Lemos, C., Geometric issues and ultimate load capacity of masonry arch bridges from the northwest Iberian Peninsula (2010) Engineering Structures, 32 (12), pp. 3955-3965; Orduña, A., (2003) Seismic assessment of ancient masonry structures by rigid blocks limit analysis, , http://www.civil.uminho.pt/masonry, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Minho, Portugal: Available from; Orduña, A., Lourenço, P.B., Cap model for limit analysis and strengthening of masonry structures (2003) Journal of Structural Engineering, 129 (10), pp. 1367-1375; Sathiparan, N., Meguro, K., Strengthening of adobe houses with arch roofs using tie-bars and polypropylene band mesh (2015) Construction and Building Materials, 82, pp. 360-375; Silveira, D., Varum, H., Costa, A., Influence of the testing procedures in the mechanical characterization of adobe bricks (2013) Construction and Building Materials, 40, pp. 719-728; Silveira, D., Varum, H., Costa, A., Martins, T., Pereira, H., Almeida, J., Mechanical properties of adobe bricks in ancient constructions (2012) Construction and Building Materials, 28 (1), pp. 36-44; Standard, N.Z., (1998) Engineering design of earth buildings, , New Zealand: StandardNew Zealand, Wellington; Tarque, N., (2011) Numerical modelling of the seismic behaviour of adobe buildings, , PhD in Earthquake engineering, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Tolles, E.L., Kimbro, E.E., Ginell, W.S., (2002) Planning and engineering guidelines for the seismic retrofitting of historic adobe structures. Los Angeles: Getty Conservation Institute.; Tolles, E.L., Kimbro, E.E., Webster, F.A., Ginell, W.S., (2000) Seismic Stabilization of Historic Adobe Structures Final Report of the Getty Adobe Project, , Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles:, and; Tolles, E.L., Webster, F.A., Crosby, A., Kimbro, E.E., (1996) Survey of Damage to Historic Adobe Buildings after the January 1994 Northridge Earthquake, , Los Angeles: Getty Conservation Institute, and; Torrealva, D., Vargas Neumann, J., Blondet, M., Hardy, M., Cancino, C., Ostergram, G., Earthquake resistant design criteria and testing of adobe buildings at Pontificia universidad catolica del peru (2009) Proceedings of the Getty Seismic Adobe Project 2006 Colloquium, , Los Angeles, CA: Getty Conservation Institute, and,. In, ed., and; NIKER (2011) Simplified and complex models of in- and out-of-plane response to be implemented in global analyses, , http://www.niker.eu/; (2014) United states geological survey, , https://earthquake.usgs.gov/, 2014; Vargas Neumann, J., Blondet, M., Tarque, N., Hardy, M., Cancino, C., Ostergren, G., The peruvian building code for earthen buildings (2006) Proceedings of the GSAP 2006 Colloquium, , Los Angeles: Getty Conservation Institute, and,. In, ed., and; Varum, H., Tarque, N., Silveira, D., Camata, G., Lobo, B., Blondet, M., Figueiredo, A., Varum, H., Structural behaviour and retrofitting of adobe masonry buildings (2014) Structural Rehabilitation of Old Buildings, , Berlin: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, and,. In, ed., and; Zahrai, S.M., Heidarzadeh, M., Seismic performance of existing buildings during the 2003 bam earthquake (2004) 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, , Vancouver, Canada:, and","H. Sadeghi, N.; University of Minho, Campus of Azurem, Portugal; email: neda.hsadeghi@gmail.com",,,"Taylor and Francis Inc.",,,,,15583058,,,,"English","Int. J. Archit. Herit.",Article,"Final","",Scopus,2-s2.0-85041115144
"Briceño C., Moreira S., Noel M.F., Gonzales M., Vila-Chã E., Aguilar R.","57188956306;57187929600;57193719313;57203147926;57203146118;36719908000;","SEISMIC VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF A 17th CENTURY ADOBE CHURCH IN THE PERUVIAN ANDES",2019,"International Journal of Architectural Heritage","13","1",,"140","152",,11,"10.1080/15583058.2018.1497224","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85050667948&doi=10.1080%2f15583058.2018.1497224&partnerID=40&md5=1a8a0af829c64d69f67d2a0c95d93019","Faculty of Engineering, University San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru; Department of Engineering, Civil Engineering Division, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú PUCP, Lima, Peru","Briceño, C., Faculty of Engineering, University San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru; Moreira, S., Department of Engineering, Civil Engineering Division, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú PUCP, Lima, Peru; Noel, M.F., Department of Engineering, Civil Engineering Division, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú PUCP, Lima, Peru; Gonzales, M., Department of Engineering, Civil Engineering Division, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú PUCP, Lima, Peru; Vila-Chã, E., Department of Engineering, Civil Engineering Division, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú PUCP, Lima, Peru; Aguilar, R., Department of Engineering, Civil Engineering Division, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú PUCP, Lima, Peru","A large part of Peruvian heritage corresponds to Colonial Andean churches, which are economically and culturally essential for the development of several villages. Particularly, adobe churches are very vulnerable to earthquakes due to the brittle material behavior, the weak connections, and the absence of a rigid diaphragm. This article aims at performing the seismic vulnerability assessment of an adobe heritage church: “Virgen de la Asuncion” of Sacsamarca located in the province of Ayacucho in the Andean region of Peru; using a rapid screening method and a more complex numerical analysis. First, the damage survey was carried out through visual inspection and infrared thermography, while the material characterization was performed by applying flat-jack tests. Later, the seismic vulnerability assessment was carried out in two stages. The first was based on simplified criteria for masonry structures, and the other on a pushover analysis of global performance. From this evaluation, it was possible to conclude that the church is indeed vulnerable to Peruvian seismic demands. © 2018, © 2018 Taylor & Francis.","Adobe; churches; numerical analysis; pushover; seismic vulnerability","Numerical analysis; Numerical methods; Seismology; Adobe; Global performance; Masonry structures; Material characterizations; Push-over analysis; pushover; Seismic vulnerability; Visual inspection; Religious buildings; church role; masonry; numerical method; performance assessment; seismic method; visual analysis; vulnerability; Asuncion [Asuncion (DPR)]; Asuncion [Paraguay]; Ayacucho; Paraguay; Peru",,,,,"Rangsit University, RSU","This project responds to a university social responsibility (RSU) agreement between the Academic Direction of Social Responsibility at PUCP (DARS- PUCP) and the Andean community of Sacsamarca (Ayacucho, Perú). Also, it is part of a major one which consists of elaborating Virgen de la Asunción’s heritage church restoration profile to be submitted to the Ministry of Culture. The authors would like to thank DARS for its RSU formative support and funding. The authors also acknowledge the contribution of the master student Kiyoshi Tacas and the research assistant Carlos Yaya at PUCP who carried out the flat-jack tests and the 3D reconstruction from aerial photogrammetry presented in this article.",,"Aguilar, R., Briceño, C., Ramos, L.F., (2017) Comprehensive analysis for the structural assessment of Andean Colonial churches, , Unpublished; Aguilar, R., Noel, M.F., Briceño, C., Castañeda, B., Ramos, L.F., Geomatics’ procedures and dynamic identification for the structural survey of the church of ‘San Juan Bautista de Huaro’ in Perú (2016) Paper presented at the 6th International Brick and Block Masonry Conference, pp. 815-820. , IBMAC, 2016, Padova: Italia, and; Almeida, J.A.P.P., (2012) Mechanical characterization of traditional adobe masonry elements, , Guimarães, Portugal: University of Minho; Arce, H., Informe sobre estudio técnico del templo de la Virgen de la Asunción de Sacsamarca. Proyecto de restauración de la iglesia de Sacsamarca (2016) Lima, Perú. Internal document. Lima, Peru: DARS–PUCP. Unpublished; Arya, A.S., Boen, T., Ishiyama, Y., Martemianov, I., Meli, R., Scawthorn, C., Yaoxian, Y., (2004) Guidelines for Earthquake Resistant Non-Engineered Construction, , Paris: UNESCO; Bank, W., Nations, U., Natural Hazards, Unnatural Disasters: The economics of effective prevention (2010) World Bank and United Nations, 11. , Washington, DC: World Bank Publications, and,. (5; Blondet, M., Villa Garcia, G., Brzev, S., Rubiños, A., Earthquake-Resistant Construction of Adobe Buildings: A Tutorial (2011) EERI/IAEE World Housing Encyclopedia, 8, pp. 29-47. , Oakland, CA: Journal of Building Engineering, and; Compañia, D.J., Ruta del Barroco Andino (2017) Accessed, , http://rutadelbarrocoandino.com/, December 1, 2017; Cundari, G.A., Milani, G., Failla, G., Seismic vulnerability evaluation of historical masonry churches: Proposal for a general and comprehensive numerical approach to cross-check results.” (2017) Engineering Failure Analysis, 82, pp. 208-228; (2016) DIANA user’s manual Version 9.6, , Netherlands: DIANA FEA BV; Dolce, M., Martinelli, A., Analisi di vulnerabilità e rischio sísmico. Inventario e vulnerabilità degli edifici pubblici e strategici dell’Italia centro-meridionale, 2. L’Aquila (2005) Italy: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia/ Gruppo Nazionale per la Difesa dai terremoto; Escobar, M., (2016) Caracterización mecánica de componentes estructurales en construcciones arqueológicas de tierra: El caso de Huaca de La Luna, , Lima, Peru: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Master diss; Fonseca-Ferreira, C., D’Ayala, D., Seismic assessment and retro-fitting of Peruvian earthen churches by means of numerical modeling (2012) Paper presented at the 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, , Lisbon: Portugal, September 24–28; LourençO, P.B., Recent advances in masonry structures: Micromodeling and homogeneization (2009) Multiscale Modeling in Solid Mechanics: Computational Approaches, pp. 251-294. , Galvanetto U., Aliabadi M.H.F., (eds), London: Imperial College Press,. Ed; Lourenço, P.B., Presentation SA2 12 (2014) Modeling of masonry and homogenization, , Guimarães, Braga, Portugal: University of Minho; Lourenço, P.B., Oliveira, D.V., Leite, J.C., Ingham, J.M., Modena, C., Porto, F., Simplified indexes for the seismic assessment of masonry buildings : International database and validation (2013) Engineering Failure Analysis, 34, pp. 585-605; Lourenço, P.B., Roque, J.A., Simplified indexes for the seismic vulnerability of ancient masonry buildings (2006) Construction and Building Materials, 20 (4), pp. 200-208; (2005) Natural hazard mitigation saves: An independent study to assess the future savings from mitigation activities. Washington, , DC: Multihazard Mitigation Council/National Institute of Building Sciences; (2006) Norma Técnica E.080: Adobe, , Peru: Ministerio de Vivienda, Construcción y Sanamiento; (2016) Norma Técnica E.030: Diseño Sismorresistente. Ministerio de Vivienda, , Peru: Construcción y Sanamiento; (2008) Norme Tecniche per le Costruzioni D.M. 14 gennaio 2008, , n. 29 del 4/02/2008, Suppl. ord. n° 30 alla G.U. Roma, Italy: Consiglio Superiore dei Lavori Pubblici; Ottazzi, G., Yep, J., Blondet, M., Villa-Garcia, G., Ginocchio, J., (1989) Simulation Tests of Adobe Houses. Research Project Financed by IDRC–Canada. Departamento de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, , Lima: Perú; Romão, X., Paupério, E., Pereira, N., Screening procedure for the risk analysis of Cultural Heritage Assets (2017) Paper presented at the 16th World Conference on Earthquake, , Santiago, Chile: January 9- 13; Silveira, D., Varum, H., Costa, A., Martins, T., Pereira, H., Almeida, J., Mechanical properties of adobe bricks in ancient constructions (2012) Construction and Building Materials, 28 (1), pp. 36-44; Valente, M., Barbieri, G., Biolzi, L., Seismic assessment of two masonry Baroque churches damaged by the 2012 Emilia earthquake (2017) Engineering Failure Analysis, 79, pp. 773-802; Van Der Pluijm, R., (1999) Out of plane bending of masonry: Behaviour and strength, , Eindhoven, Netherlands: University of Technology; Varum, H., Costa, A., Martins, T., Pereira, H., Almeida, J., Rodrigues, H., Silveira, D., Structural behaviour characterization of existing adobe constructions in Aveiro (2007) EL-BARBARY, 50 (257), p. 477; Vicente, R., (2008) Estratégias e metodologias para intervenções de reabilitação urbana. Avaliação da vulnerabilidade e do risco sísmico do edificado da Baixa de Coimbra, , Aveiro, Portugal: University of Aveiro; Vicente, R., Parodi, S., Lagomarsino, S., Varum, H., Silva, J.A.R.M., Seismic vulnerability and risk assessment: Case study of the historic city centre of Coimbra, Portugal (2011) Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 9 (4), pp. 1067-1096","Aguilar, R.; Department of Engineering, Peru; email: raguilar@pucp.pe",,,"Taylor and Francis Inc.",,,,,15583058,,,,"English","Int. J. Archit. Herit.",Article,"Final","",Scopus,2-s2.0-85050667948
"Sauer C., Heine A., Weber K.E., Riedel W.","57193541101;7006198584;56424886600;36476554200;","Stability of tungsten projectiles penetrating adobe masonry – Combined experimental and numerical analysis",2017,"International Journal of Impact Engineering","109",,,"67","77",,11,"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2017.06.001","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85020483221&doi=10.1016%2fj.ijimpeng.2017.06.001&partnerID=40&md5=943ae6abbbb38d8b902b19b9772c44b0","Fraunhofer EMI, Eckerstr. 4, Freiburg, 79104, Germany","Sauer, C., Fraunhofer EMI, Eckerstr. 4, Freiburg, 79104, Germany; Heine, A., Fraunhofer EMI, Eckerstr. 4, Freiburg, 79104, Germany; Weber, K.E., Fraunhofer EMI, Eckerstr. 4, Freiburg, 79104, Germany; Riedel, W., Fraunhofer EMI, Eckerstr. 4, Freiburg, 79104, Germany","We investigate the penetration of tungsten-heavy-alloy projectiles into adobe targets. The analysis rests on two complementary parts. Firstly, experimental data comprising impact experiments with five different projectile variants against finite-thickness adobe targets is available. Although the data stems from earlier work, it is presented in full detail here for the first time. The general phenomenology is discussed mainly with respect to projectile failure and stability of the penetration in adobe. Secondly, a recently published hydrocode model for adobe under impact loading is applied without further modification for complementing the experimental results with additional time-resolved insight into the penetration mechanics. For the regime without projectile failure or significant plastic deformation, this hydrocode model is capable of reproducing the experimentally observed projectile-target interaction with good overall agreement between experiments and simulation. While the test data covers different penetration regimes from rigid-body motion to projectile failure, the numerical analysis is restricted to linear-elastic behavior of the impactors, in order to avoid any ambiguity due to the less established projectile material description. With the information from the hydrocode simulations, we are able to reveal the origin of the projectile-specific magnitude of instability in the penetration in adobe. The thereby achieved understanding of the motion of the differently shaped impactors within the formed cavity allows us to discuss possible explanations for the particular projectile failure observed in the experimental data. © 2017","Adobe masonry; Hydrocode simulation; Impact; RHT model; WHA projectiles","Fracture mechanics; Masonry materials; Numerical analysis; Tungsten; Adobe masonry; Experimental and numerical analysis; Hydrocode simulation; Impact; Linear elastic behavior; Penetration mechanics; Projectile target interaction; Tungsten heavy alloys; Projectiles",,,,,"Bundesministerium der Verteidigung, BMVg","Funding by BMVg and BAAINBw is acknowledged. We thank Dr. M. Wickert for his contributions to discussions about the scientific content of this work at its early stages.",,"Wickert, M., Penetration data for a medium caliber tungsten sinter alloy penetrator into aluminum alloy 7020 in the velocity regime from 250 m/s to 1900 m/s (2007) Proceedings of the 23rd international symposium on ballistics, 2, pp. 1437-1444. , F. Gálvez V. Sánchez-Gálvez Tarragona, Spain; Lampert, S., Jeanquartier, R., Perforation of concrete targets by an eroding tungsten-alloy rod (2005) Proceedings of the 22nd international symposium on ballistics, 2, pp. 838-843. , W. Flis B. Scott Vancouver, Canada; Heine, A., Wickert, M., Scale-independent description of the rigid-body penetration of spherical projectiles into semi-infinite adobe targets (2015) Int J Impact Eng, 75, pp. 27-29; Seisson, G., Hébert, D., Hallo, L., Chevalier, J.-M., Guillet, F., Berthe, L.B., Penetration and cratering experiments of graphite by 0.5-mm-diameter steel spheres at various impact velocities (2014) International Journal of Impact Engineering, 70, pp. 14-20; Heine, A., Weber, K.E., Wickert, M., (2013) Penetration processes for tungsten-alloy projectiles of different shapes into adobe. Proceedings of the 27th International Symposium on Ballistics, Freiburg, Germany, 2, pp. 1090-1097. , M. Wickert M. Salk; Sauer, C., Heine, A., Riedel, W., Developing a validated hydrocode model for adobe under impact loading (2017) Int J Impact Eng, 104, pp. 164-176; Heine, A., Weber, K.E., Wickert, M., (2011) Experimental Investigation of the Penetration and Perforation of Building Materials by Projectiles Proceedings of the 26th International Symposium on Ballistics, Miami, FL, USA, 2, pp. 1669-1678. , E. Baker D. Templeton; Riedel, W., Kawai, N., Kondo, K., Numerical assessment for impact strength measurements in concrete materials (2009) Int J Impact Eng, 36, pp. 283-293; Riedel, W., Wicklein, M., Thoma, K., Shock properties of conventional and high strength concrete, experimental and mesomechanical analysis (2008) Int J Impact Eng, 35, pp. 155-171; Benson, D.J., Computational methods in Lagrangian and Eulerian hydrocodes (1992) Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng, 99 (September(2-3)), pp. 235-394; Rohr, I., Nahme, H., Thoma, K., Anderson, C.E., Material characterisation and constitutive modelling of a tungsten-sintered alloy for a wide range of strain rates (2008) Int J Impact Eng, 35, pp. 811-819; Lidén, E., Andersson, O., Tjernberg, A., Influence of side-impacting dynamic armour components on long rod projectiles (2007) Proceedings of the 23rd international symposium on ballistics, 2, pp. 1099-1106. , F. Gálvez V. Sánchez-Gálvez Tarragona, Spain; Anderson, C.E., Chocron, S., Bigger, R.P., Time-resolved penetration into glass: experiments and computations (2011) Int J Impact Eng, 38, pp. 723-731; Johnson, G.R., Cook, W.H., Fracture characteristics of three metals subjected to various strains, strain rates, temperatures and pressures (1985) Eng Fract Mech, 21, pp. 31-48; Bao, Y., Wierzbicki, T., On fracture locus in the equivalent strain and stress trixaxiality space (2004) Int J Mech Sci, 46, pp. 81-98; Rosenberg, Z., Dekel, E., The penetration of rigid long rods – revisited (2009) Int J Impact Eng, 36, pp. 551-564; Forrestal, M.J., Okajima, K., Luk, V.K., Penetration of 6061-T651 aluminum targets with rigid long rods (1988) J Appl Mech, 55, pp. 755-760; Piekutowski, A.J., Forrestal, M.J., Poormon, K.L., Warren, T.L., Penetration of 6061-T6511 aluminum targets by ogive-nose steel projectiles with striking velocities between 0.5 and 3.0 km/s (1999) Int J Impact Eng, 23, pp. 723-734; Bjerke, T.W., Silsby, G.F., Scheffler, D.R., Mudd, R.M., Yawed long-rod armor penetration (1992) Int J Impact Eng, 12, pp. 281-292; ","Heine, A.; Fraunhofer EMI, Eckerstr. 4, Germany; email: andreas.heine@emi.fraunhofer.de",,,"Elsevier Ltd",,,,,0734743X,,IJIED,,"English","Int J Impact Eng",Article,"Final","All Open Access, Green",Scopus,2-s2.0-85020483221
"Wu C., Xue J., Zhou S., Zhang F.","57208631804;7202882041;57215833192;55359840700;","Seismic Performance Evaluation for a Traditional Chinese Timber-frame Structure",2021,"International Journal of Architectural Heritage","15","12",,"1842","1856",,10,"10.1080/15583058.2020.1731626","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082010795&doi=10.1080%2f15583058.2020.1731626&partnerID=40&md5=fd8f9269b80e4f2d15bb231a40970a6e","School of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China; Key Lab of Structural Engineering and Earthquake Resistance, Ministry of Education (XAUAT), Shaanxi, Xi’an, China; Shaanxi Architecture Science Construction Special Engineering Company Limited, Shaanxi Architecture Science Research Institute Company Limited, Shaanxi, Xi’an, China","Wu, C., School of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China; Xue, J., School of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China, Key Lab of Structural Engineering and Earthquake Resistance, Ministry of Education (XAUAT), Shaanxi, Xi’an, China; Zhou, S., School of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China; Zhang, F., Shaanxi Architecture Science Construction Special Engineering Company Limited, Shaanxi Architecture Science Research Institute Company Limited, Shaanxi, Xi’an, China","This paper presents a study on dynamic characteristics and seismic responses of traditional Chinese timber-frame structures. Micro-tremor measurements were conducted to obtain natural frequencies, vibration modes, and damping ratios. A three-dimensional numerical model considering unique connections, the mass of roof and wooden floor, and adobe walls was developed by ANSYS software and calibrated with the data from prior on-site test. Seismic responses including time histories responses, inter-structural layer drift angles, and isolation characteristics were further discussed. Results indicate that both mortise-tenon joints and the Dougong brackets play an essential role in the vibration isolation and strong lateral force resistance. Also, Dougong fully deforms under the major earthquakes, thereby dissipating more seismic energy. The lateral stiffness of column-beam frame is lower than that of the roof truss. The seismic abilities of the whole structure under the Lanzhou wave are smaller than those under the El Centro wave and the Taft wave. © 2020 Taylor & Francis.","Dynamic characteristics; numerical analysis; on-site micro-tremor measurements; seismic performance; traditional Chinese timber-frame structure","Numerical analysis; Roofs; Seismic response; Seismic waves; Software testing; Structural frames; Timber; Trusses; Dynamic characteristics; Isolation characteristics; Lateral force resistance; Micro tremor measurements; Seismic Performance; Seismic performance evaluation; Three-dimensional numerical modeling; Timber frames; Earthquakes; earthquake event; measurement method; numerical method; numerical model; seismic response; vibration; wave action",,,,,"National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC: 51978568","The research described in this paper was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51978568), National Key Research and Development Plan of the 13th Five-Year (Grant No. 2017YFC0703505), Shaanxi Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Team (Grant No. 2019TD-029), Shaanxi Science and Technology Coordination Innovation Project Plan (Grant No. 2016KTZDSF04-04). Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology and Shaanxi Architecture Science Research Institute Company Limited are gratefully acknowledged.",,"ANSYS 15.0 help system, user’s guide/theory guide (2019) ANSYS, , Inc, Canonsburg, PA; Che, A., Ge, X., Li, Y., Use of non-destructive techniques in Chinese traditional timber structures (2013) Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Structures and Buildings, 166 (6), pp. 307-315; Che, A.L., He, Y., Ge, X.R., Iwatate, T., Oda, Y., Study on the dynamic structural characteristics of an ancient timber—Yingxian Wooden Pagoda (2006) Soil and Rock Behavior and Modeling, 194 (11), pp. 390-398; Claus, T., Seim, W., Development of the multiple tenon timber connection based on experimental studies and FE simulation (2018) Engineering Structures, 173, pp. 331-339; Clough, R.W., Penzien, J., (1995) Dynamics of structures, , Berkeley, CA: Computers & Structures, Inc; Dai, J.W., Yang, Y.Q., Bai, W., Shaking table test for the 1: 5 architectural model of Qin-an Palace with wooden frame structure in the Forbidden City (2019) International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 13 (1), pp. 128-139; Fang, D.P., Iwasaki, S., Yu, M.H., Shen, Q.P., Miyamoto, Y., Hikosaka, H., Ancient Chinese timber architecture. I: Experimental study (2001) Journal of Structural Engineering, 127 (11), pp. 1348-1357; Fang, D.P., Iwasaki, S., Yu, M.H., Shen, Q.P., Miyamoto, Y., Hikosaka, H., Ancient Chinese timber architecture. II: Dynamic characteristics (2001) Journal of Structural Engineering, 127 (11), pp. 1358-1364; Fujita, K., Hanazato, T., Sakamoto, I., Earthquake response monitoring and seismic performance of five storied timber pagoda (2004) Paper presented in 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, , Vancouver, B.C., Canada: August 1–6; Fujita, K., Kondo, T., Koshihara, M., Iwata, S., Nakazono, M., Sakamoto, I., On-site lateral loading test of a traditional timber house in Japan (2004) Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 3 (1), pp. 41-46; Hama, K., Mukai, Y., Study on evaluating structural characteristic of traditional wooden structure based on micro-tremor measurement (2016) Journal of Japan Association for Earthquake Engineering, 16 (8), pp. 110-122. , in Japanese, and; Irie, Y., Tsuruta, J., Akiyama, T., Miyazawa, K., Dynamic characteristics of two timber temples constructed by modern method based on microtremor measurements (2008) AIJ Journal of Technology and Design, 14 (27), pp. 91-94. , in Japanese, and; Li, M.H., Lam, F., Foschi, R.O., Nakajima, S., Nakagawa, T., Seismic performance of post and beam timber buildings I: Model development and verification (2012) Journal of Wood Science, 58 (1), pp. 20-30; Li, Y.Z., Cao, S.Y., Xue, J.Y., Analysis on mechanical behavior of dovetail mortise-tenon joints with looseness in traditional timber buildings (2016) Structural Engineering and Mechanics, 60 (5), pp. 903-921; Liang, S.C., (1984) A pictorial history of Chinese architecture, , Boston: The Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Mikael, A., Gueguen, P., Bard, P.Y., Roux, P., Langlais, M., The analysis of long‐term frequency and damping wandering in buildings using the random decrement technique (2013) Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 103 (1), pp. 236-246; (1992) Technical code for maintenance and strengthening of ancient timber buildings (GB 50165-92), , Beijing: China Architecture and Building Press; (2017) Standard of design of timber structures, , GB 50005-2017), China Building Industry Press, Beijing; Muai, Y., Tanaka, E., Performance evaluation for traditional Japanese wooden pagodas based on micro-tremor measurement and numerical frame model analysis (2012) Paper presented at 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering (15WCEE), , Lisbon, Portugal: September 24; Rinaldin, G., Fragiacomo, M., Non-linear simulation of shaking-table tests on 3-and 7-storey X-Lam timber buildings (2016) Engineering Structures, 113, pp. 133-148; Takatani, T., Nishikawa, H., Seismic retrofit performance of one-story wooden structure using 3-D collapsing analysis (2015) Paper presented at the 2015 World Congress on Advances in Structural Engineering and Mechanics (ASEM15), , Incheon, Korea: August 25–29; Uchida, A., Kawai, N., Maekawa, H., Non-destructive diagnosis for japanese traditional timber buildings (1999) Paper presented at 1st International RILEM Symposium on Timber Engineering, , Stockholm, Sweden: September 13–14; Wilson, E.L., (2002) Three dimensional static and dynamic analysis of structures: A physical approach with emphasis on earthquake engineering, , Berkeley, CA: Computers & Structures, Inc; Wu, Y.J., Song, X.B., Li, K., Compressive and racking performance of eccentrically aligned dou-gong connections (2018) Engineering Structures, 175, pp. 743-752; Xie, Q.F., Wang, L., Zhang, L.P., Hu, W.B., Zhou, T.G., Seismic behaviour of a traditional timber structure: Shaking table tests, energy dissipation mechanism and damage assessment model (2019) Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 17 (3), pp. 1689-1714; Xue, J.Y., Ma, L.L., Dong, X.Y., Zhang, X., Zhang, X.C., Investigation on the behaviors of Tou–Kung sets in historic timber structures (2019) Advances in Structural Engineering, 23 (3), pp. 485-496; Xue, J.Y., Xu, D., Shake table tests on the traditional column-and-tie timber structures (2018) Engineering Structures, 175, pp. 847-860; Zhang, X.C., Wu, C.W., Xue, J.Y., Ma, H., Fast nonlinear analysis of traditional Chinese timber-frame building with Dou-Gon (2019) International Journal of Architectural Heritage, pp. 1-17. , Online, and; Zhang, X.C., Xue, J.Y., Zhao, H.T., Sui, Y., Experimental study on Chinese ancient timber-frame building by shaking table test (2011) Structural Engineering and Mechanics, 40 (4), pp. 453-469","Xue, J.; School of Civil Engineering, Shaanxi, China; email: jianyang_xue@163.com",,,"Taylor and Francis Ltd.",,,,,15583058,,,,"English","Int. J. Archit. Herit.",Article,"Final","",Scopus,2-s2.0-85082010795
"Greco F., Lourenço P.B.","57192255561;7004615647;","Seismic assessment of large historic vernacular adobe buildings in the Andean Region of Peru. Learning from Casa Arones in cusco",2021,"Journal of Building Engineering","40",,"102341","","",,9,"10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102341","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85103107044&doi=10.1016%2fj.jobe.2021.102341&partnerID=40&md5=d59ce64448f623aa60e0f36ffadaa079","ARUP, 8-13 Fitzroy St, London, W1T 4BQ, United Kingdom; ISISE, University of Minho, Azurém, Guimarães, 4800-058, Portugal","Greco, F., ARUP, 8-13 Fitzroy St, London, W1T 4BQ, United Kingdom; Lourenço, P.B., ISISE, University of Minho, Azurém, Guimarães, 4800-058, Portugal","The country of Peru has a rich tradition of historic earthen structures from ancient archaeological sites to vernacular and monumental architectures. Nowadays, still a relevant part of the world population lives in earthen houses, which are found to be quite vulnerable to horizontal loading causing considerable loss of life over time. Hence, the importance of studying the seismic performance of these buildings to predict their capacity and failure mechanisms. After the destruction caused by the 2007 Pisco earthquake, the Getty Conservation Institute initiated a project to better understand the seismic performance of four historic earthen building typologies present in Peru. This paper addresses the seismic assessment of Casa Arones, which is considered as a prototype of the typology of large vernacular houses present in many historical centres of the Andean Region of Peru. Advanced numerical analysis is used to assess the global behaviour of the building, and to identify the damage distribution and failure mechanisms. The challenges faced in the study, related to the complexity of the structure and the insufficient information on its morphology and materials properties, are discussed. Moreover, sensitivity analysis is used to understand the influence of floors and roof on the global behaviour, which is a novel contribution. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd","Casona; Earthen architecture; Historic adobe building; Pushover; Seismic assessment; Sensitivity analysis; Vernacular","Buildings; Earthquakes; Failure (mechanical); Historic preservation; Materials properties; Roofs; Seismic waves; Andean Region; Casona; Earthen architectures; Failure mechanism; Global behaviors; Historic adobe building; Pushover; Seismic assessment; Seismic Performance; Vernacular; Sensitivity analysis",,,,,,"The current work was funded by the Getty Conservation Institute as part of the Seismic Retrofitting Project .",,"Barontini, A., Lourenço, P.B., Seismic safety assessment of mixed timber-masonry historical building: an example in Lima, Peru (2018) J. Earthq. Eng., , Published online; Bianconi, F., Filippucci, M., Digital Wood Design. Innovative Techniques of Representation in Architectural Design (2019), Springer; Blondet, M., Garcia, M.G.V., Brzev, S., Rubinos, A., Earthquake-Resistant Construction of Adobe Buildings: a Tutorial (2011), EERI Oakland; Cancino, C., Farneth, S., Garnier, P., Vargas Neumann, J., Webster, F., Damage Assessment of Historic Earthen Buildings after the August 15, 2007 Pisco, Peru Earthquake (2011), Getty Conservation Institute Los Angeles Research Report; Cancino, C., Lardinois, S., D'Ayala, D., Fonseca Ferreira, C., Torrealva Dávila, D., Vicente Meléndez, E., Villacorta Santamato, L., Seismic Retrofitting Project: Assessment of Prototype Buildings (2012), Research Report Getty Conservation Institute Los Angeles; Carbajal, F., Ruiz, G., Quincha construction in Peru (2005) Pract. Period. Struct. Des. Construct., 10 (1); Ciocci, M.P., Sharma, S., Lourenço, P.B., Engineering simulations of a super-complex cultural heritage building: Ica Cathedral in Peru (2018) Meccanica, 53 (7), pp. 1931-1958; Degregori, L.N., El ombligo se pone piercing. Identidad, patrimonio y cambios en el Cuzco (2009), Cusco; DIANA Finite Element Analysis V10.2 (2018), https://dianafea.com/diana-manuals, Retrieved from Diana Manuals:; Doat, P., Hays, A., Houben, H., Matuk, S., Vitoux, F., Building with Earth (1991), The mud village society New Delhi; En 1996-1-1, Eurocode 6: Design of Masonry Structures - Part 1-1: General Rules for Reinforced and Unreinforced Masonry Structures (2005), European Committee for Standardization Brussels, Belgium; Endo, Y., Pelà, L., Roca, P., Review of different pushover analysis methods applied to masonry buildings and comparison with nonlinear dynamic (2016) J. Earthq. Eng., 21 (8), pp. 1234-1255; Evaluation of Earthquake Damaged Concrete and Masonry Wall Buildings - Basic Procedures Manual (1998), Applied Technology Council (ATC-43 Project) Redwood City, California; Karanikoloudis, G., Lourenço, P.B., Structural Assessment and seismic vulnerability of earthen historic structures. Application of sophisticated numerical and simple analytical models (2018) Eng. Struct., 160, pp. 488-509; Mendes, N., Lourenço, P.B., (2015) Seismic Vulnerability of Existing Masonry Buildings: Nonlinear Parametric Analysis. Seismic Assessment, Behavior and Retrofit of Heritage Buildings and Monuments, 37, pp. 139-164. , Springer; E.010 Reglamento nacional de edificacion (parte de las Estructuras, capitulo sobre la madera) (2006), (Peru); National Building Code - Technical Standard of Building E.030 Earthquake-Resistant Design (2016), Lima, Peru; General Criteria for the seismic zonation of the national territory and technical normative for buildings in seismic zones (2005); Lourenço, P.B., Georgios, K., Greco, F., In-situ testing and modelling of cultural heritage buildings in Peru (2016) 10th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions (SAHC), , Leuven, Belgium; Ramos, L.F., Lourenço, P.B., Advanced numerical analysis of historical centers: a case study in Lisbon (2004) Eng. Struct., 26 (9), pp. 1295-1310; Tomaževič, G., Earthquake-resistant Design of Masonry Buildings (1999); Torrealva, D., Vicente, E., Michiels, T., Greco, F., Cancino C Wong, K., Research Report (2018) Seismic Retrofitting Project: Testing of Materials and Building Components of Historic Adobe Buildings in Peru, , Getty Conservation Institute Los Angeles report; Vasconcelos, G., Experimental Investigations on the Mechanics of Stone Masonry: Characterization of Granites and Behaviour of Ancient Masonry Shear Walls (2005), PhD Thesis University of Minho Guimaraes, Portugal; Vinci, M., I tiranti in acciaio nel calcolo delle costruzioni in muratura (2014) Dario Flaccovio","Greco, F.; ARUP, 8-13 Fitzroy St, United Kingdom; email: federicagreco7@gmail.com",,,"Elsevier Ltd",,,,,23527102,,,,"English","J. Build. Eng.",Article,"Final","",Scopus,2-s2.0-85103107044
"Loccarini F., Ranocchiai G., Rotunno T., Fagone M.","56034486500;7801436193;14038244000;6504320470;","Experimental and numerical analyses of strengthened rammed earth masonry arches",2020,"Computers and Structures","239",,"106329","","",,8,"10.1016/j.compstruc.2020.106329","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087511104&doi=10.1016%2fj.compstruc.2020.106329&partnerID=40&md5=04ee0b63e4b297afada79f380aa98c8f","DICEA, University of Florence, piazza F. Brunelleschi 6, Florence, 50121, Italy; DIDA, University of Florence, piazza F. Brunelleschi 6, Florence, 50121, Italy","Loccarini, F., DICEA, University of Florence, piazza F. Brunelleschi 6, Florence, 50121, Italy; Ranocchiai, G., DICEA, University of Florence, piazza F. Brunelleschi 6, Florence, 50121, Italy; Rotunno, T., DIDA, University of Florence, piazza F. Brunelleschi 6, Florence, 50121, Italy; Fagone, M., DICEA, University of Florence, piazza F. Brunelleschi 6, Florence, 50121, Italy","This paper shows experimental and numerical analyses on rammed earth arches asymmetrically loaded and successively strengthened with a natural composite. The aim is to evaluate the capability of finite element codes to faithfully describe the mechanical response, including the post peak branch and post elastic deformations. The mechanical properties of rammed earth were determined through specific experimental tests and used to calibrate uniaxial compressive parameters of the constitutive models implemented in three numerical software (ANSYS, Abaqus, ADINA). The mechanical parameters of the jute fabric are reported here together with the description of the calibration of the constitutive models. According to the experimental results, the strengthening system proposed was capable to increase the load bearing capacity and ductility of the structures, preserving their integrity for higher load levels and consequently postponing failure without adding significant mass to the system. The numerical models were able to describe the failure process in good agreement with the experimental results for both strengthened and unstrengthened arches; the effects of uncertainties on the tensile behaviour parameters of rammed earth, due to the scarce amount of data available in literature and to the difficulty in performing reliable tests for their determination, were numerically evaluated through sensitivity analysis. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd","Jute fabric; Masonry arch; Natural strengthening system; Numerical modelling; Rammed earth","ABAQUS; Arches; Constitutive models; Numerical analysis; Sensitivity analysis; Software testing; Experimental and numerical analysis; Finite element codes; Load-bearing capacity; Mechanical parameters; Mechanical response; Numerical software; Strengthening systems; Uniaxial compressive; Uncertainty analysis",,,,,,,,"Ciancio, D., Jaquin, P., Walker, P., Advances on the assessment of soil suitability for rammed earth (2013) Constr Build Mater, 42, pp. 40-47; Kouris, L.A.S., Triantafillou, T.C., State-of-the-art on strengthening of masonry structures with textile reinforced mortar (TRM) (2018) Constr Build Mater, 188, pp. 1221-1233; Foraboschi, P., Strengthening of masonry arches with fiber reinforced polymer strips (2004) J Compos Constr, 8, pp. 191-202; Galassi, S., Tempesta, G., Analysis of Masonry block structures with unilateral frictional joints (2018) DEStech Trans Eng Technol Res; Zampieri, P., Simoncelo, N., Tetougueni, C.D., Pellegrino, C., A review of methods for strengthening of masonry arches with composite materials (2018) Eng Struct, 171, pp. 154-169; Rotunno, T., Fagone, M., Bertolesi, E., Grande, E., Milani, G., Single lap shear tests of masonry curved pillars externally strengthened by CFRP strips (2018) Compos Struct, 200, pp. 434-448; Valluzzi, M.R., Valdemarca, M., Modena, C., Behavior of Brick masonry vaults strengthened by frp laminates (2001) J Compos Constr, 5, pp. 163-169; Borri, A., Casadei, P., Castori, G., Hammond, J., Strengthening of brick masonry arches with externally bonded steel reinforced composites (2009) J Compos Constr, 13, pp. 468-475; Oliveira, D.V., Basilio, I., Lourenço, P.B., Experimental behavior of FRP strengthened masonry arches (2010) J Compos Constr, 14, pp. 312-322; Briccoli Bati, S., Fagone, M., Rotunno, T., Lower Bound limit analysis of masonry arches with CFRP reinforcements: a numerical method (2013) J Compos Constr, 17, pp. 543-553; Galassi, S., Jung, D.-W., Analysis of masonry arches reinforced with FRP sheets: experimental results and numerical evaluations (2018) MATEC Web Conf., 207, p. 01002; Galassi, S., A numerical procedure for failure mode detection of masonry arches reinforced with fiber reinforced polymeric materials (2018) IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng, 369; Fagone, M., Rotunno, T., Briccoli, B.S., The groin vaults of St. John Hospital in Jerusalem: an experimental analysis on a scale model (2016) Int J Archit Herit; Milani, G., Valente, M., Fagone, M., Rotunno, T., Alessandri, C., Advanced non-linear numerical modeling of masonry groin vaults of major historical importance: St John Hospital case study in Jerusalem (2019) Eng Struct, 194, pp. 458-476; Dweib, M.A., Hu, B., O'Donnell, A., Shenton, H.W., Wool, R.P., All natural composite sandwich beams for structural applications (2004) Compos Struct, 63, pp. 147-157; Cheung, H., Ho, M., Lau, K., Cardona, F., Hui, D., Natural fibre-reinforced composites for bioengineering and environmental engineering applications (2009) Compos Part B Eng, 40, pp. 655-663; Borri, A., Corradi, M., Speranzini, E., Reinforcement of wood with natural fibers (2013) Compos Part B Eng, 53, pp. 1-8; Borri, A., Corradi, M., Speranzini, E., Bending tests on natural Fiber reinforced fir wooden elements (2013) Adv Mater Res, 778, pp. 537-544; Asprone, D., Durante, M., Prota, A., Manfredi, G., Potential of structural pozzolanic matrix-hemp fiber grid composites (2011) Constr Build Mater, 25, pp. 2867-2874; Menna, C., Asprone, D., Durante, M., Zinno, A., Balsamo, A., Prota, A., Structural behaviour of masonry panels strengthened with an innovative hemp fibre composite grid (2015) Constr Build Mater, 100, pp. 111-121; Codispoti, R., Oliveira, D.V., Olivito, R.S., Lourenço, P.B., Fangueiro, R., Mechanical performance of natural fiber-reinforced composites for the strengthening of masonry (2015) Compos Part B Eng, 77, pp. 74-83; Satyanarayana, K.G., Sukumaran, K., Mukherjee, P.S., Pavithran, C., Pillai, S.G.K., Natural fibre-polymer composites (1990) Cem Concr Compos, 12, pp. 117-136; Ma, Y., Liu, Y., Ma, S., Wang, H., Gao, Z., Sun, J., Friction and wear properties of dumbbell-shaped jute fiber-reinforced friction materials (2014) J Appl Polym Sci, 131, pp. 8991-8999; Sreenath, H.K., Shah, A.B., Yang, V.W., Gharia, M.M., Jeffries, T.W., Enzymatic polishing of jute/cotton blended fabrics (1996) J Ferment Bioeng, 81, pp. 18-20; Shah, A.N., Lakkad, S.C., Mechanical properties of jute-reinforced plastics (1981) Fibre Sci Technol, 15, pp. 41-46; Sen, T., Jagannatha Reddy, H.N., Strengthening of RC beams in flexure using natural jute fibre textile reinforced composite system and its comparative study with CFRP and GFRP strengthening systems (2013) Int J Sustain Built Environ, 2, pp. 41-55; Loccarini, F., Behaviour of rammed earth structures: sustainable materials and strengthening techniques. Doctorate Thesis (2017), University of Florence; University of Braunschweig - Institute of Technology; Briccoli Bati, S., Fagone, M., Loccarini, F., Ranocchiai, G., Analysis of rammed earth arches strengthened with natural fibers (2013) Civil-Comp Proc; Briccoli Bati, S., Fagone, M., Loccarini, F., Ranocchiai, G., Jute fabric to improve the mechanical properties of rammed earth constructions (2015) Earthen Archit. Past, Present Futur. - Proc. Int. Conf. Vernac. Heritage, Sustain. Earthen Archit., pp. 55-60; Loccarini, F., Fagone, M., Ranocchiai, G., García Manrique JA, Ruiz Checa JR. Bonding capacity of jute fabric reinforcements of earthen structural elements. An experimental analysis (2016) Brick Block Mason. Trends, Innov. Challenges - Proc. 16th Int. Brick Block Mason. Conf. IBMAC 2016, pp. 843-848; Fagone, M., Loccarini, F., Ranocchiai, G., Strength evaluation of jute fabric for the reinforcement of rammed earth structures (2017) Compos Part B Eng, 113, pp. 1-13; Fagone, M., Kloft, H., Loccarini, F., Ranocchiai, G., Jute fabric as a reinforcement for rammed earth structures (2019) Compos Part B, p. 107064; Fagone, M., Loccarini, F., Ranocchiai, G., Rotunno, T., (2019), 817. , www.scientific.net/KEM.817.30, Numerical constitutive models of low tensile strength materials for the description of mechanical behavior of rammed earth masonry. In: Di Tommaso A, Gentilini A, Castellazzi G, editors. Key Eng. Mater., Bologna, p. 30–6. doi:doi.org/10.4028/; Page, A.W., Finite element model for masonry (1978) ASCE J Struct Div; Lourenço, P.B., Rots, J.G., (1996), A Multisurface Anisotropic Model for Quasi-brittle Materials;; D'Altri, A.M., Messali, F., Rots, J., Castellazzi, G., de Miranda, S., A damaging block-based model for the analysis of the cyclic behaviour of full-scale masonry structures (2019) Eng Fract Mech, 209, pp. 423-448; Del Piero, G., Constitutive equation and compatibility of the external loads for linear elastic masonry-like materials (1989) Meccanica; Lucchesi, M., Padovani, C., Pasquinelli, G., Thermodynamics of no-tension materials (2000) Int J Solids Struct; Sacco, E., A nonlinear homogenization procedure for periodic masonry (2009) Eur J Mech A/Solids; Heyman, J., The stone skeleton (1966) Int J Solids Struct, 2, pp. 249-279; Block, P., Ochsendorf, J., Thrust network analysis_a new methodology for three-dimensional equilibrium.pdf (2007) J Int Assoc Shell Spat Struct, 155, p. 167; Fraternali, F., A thrust network approach to the equilibrium problem of unreinforced masonry vaults via polyhedral stress functions (2010) Mech Res Commun; Lagomarsino, S., Penna, A., Galasco, A., Cattari, S., TREMURI program: An equivalent frame model for the nonlinear seismic analysis of masonry buildings (2013) Eng Struct; D'Altri, A.M., Sarhosis, V., Milani, G., Rots, J., Cattari, S., Lagomarsino, S., (2019), A review of numerical models for masonry structures. Elsevier Ltd doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-102439-3.00001-4; Miccoli, L., Oliveira, D.V., Silva, R.A., Müller, U., Schueremans, L., Static behaviour of rammed earth: experimental testing and finite element modelling (2015) Mater Struct, 48, pp. 3443-3456; Bui, Q.-B., Hans, S., Morel, J.-C., Do, A.-P., First exploratory study on dynamic characteristics of rammed earth buildings (2011) Eng Struct, 33, pp. 3690-3695; Zampieri, P., Faleschini, F., Zanini, M.A., Simoncello, N., Collapse mechanisms of masonry arches with settled springing (2018) Eng Struct, 156, pp. 363-374; Galassi, S., Misseri, G., Rovero, L., Tempesta, G., Failure modes prediction of masonry voussoir arches on moving supports (2018) Eng Struct, 173, pp. 706-717; Simoncello, N., Zampieri, P., Gonzalez-Libreros, J., Pellegrino, C., Experimental behaviour of damaged masonry arches strengthened with steel fiber reinforced mortar (SFRM) (2019) Compos Part B Eng, 177; (2015), pp. 55-60. , Briccoli Bati S, Fagone M, Loccarini F, Ranocchiai G. Jute fabric to improve the mechanical properties of rammed earth constructions. Versus2014 - Earthen Archit; ANSYS. ANSYS Mechanical APDL Theory Reference. ANSYS Inc n.d.;Release 19; (2018), Abaqus 2018. Theory and user's manuals;; Bathe, K.-J., ADINA Theory and Modeling Guide 2015;I; Lee, J., Fenves, G.L., Plastic-damage model for cyclic loading of concrete structures (1998) J Eng Mech, 1248 (892), pp. 892-900; Lubliner, J., Oliver, J., Oller, S., Oñate, E., A plastic-damage model for concrete (1989) Int J Solids Struct, 25, pp. 299-326; (1992), Pluijm, van der R. Material properties of masonry and its components under tension and shear.pdf. In: 6th Can. Mason. Symp., 15-17 June 1992, Saskatoon, Canada: University of Saskatchewan p. 675–86; Van der Pluijm, R., Rutten, H., Ceelen, M., Shear behaviour of bed joints (2000) 12th Int Brick/Block Mason. Conf.; Corbin, A., Augarde, C., Fracture energy of stabilised rammed earth (2014) Procedia Mater Sci, 3, pp. 1675-1680",,,,"Elsevier Ltd",,,,,00457949,,CMSTC,,"English","Comput Struct",Article,"Final","",Scopus,2-s2.0-85087511104
"Bove A., Misseri G., Rovero L., Tonietti U.","57213396065;57151411800;6507855810;6505623486;","Experimental and numerical analyses on the antiseismic effectiveness of fiber textile for earthen buildings",2016,"Journal of Materials and Environmental Science","7","10",,"3548","3557",,8,,"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84991063636&partnerID=40&md5=04f09e4193d17fd708d6e67a0bf515d4","Department of Architecture, University of Florence, Florence, Italy","Bove, A., Department of Architecture, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Misseri, G., Department of Architecture, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Rovero, L., Department of Architecture, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Tonietti, U., Department of Architecture, University of Florence, Florence, Italy","Seismic risk represents one of major threats for earthen constructions. In case of earthquake, earthen buildings are exposed to horizontal forces, which induce tensile stresses not compatible with earthen materials, thus causing damage and collapse mechanisms. In last years, nets embedded in thin layers of earthen mortar on the external surface of walls have been proposed in order to strengthen the buildings against seismic actions. The effectiveness of such a system basically depends on the adhesion between net and earth and on the wall-net anchorage solution too. This paper presents the results of an experimental and a numerical analysis carried out in order to evaluate the effectiveness of retrofitting based on two types of natural fibers: jute and a coconut derivate. Experimental analysis comprised three-point bending tests on adobe bricks reinforced on the intrados with the natural fiber net. The experimental results were employed to carry out a numerical analysis through DIANA 9.6 with the goal of obtaining a numerical model useful to design retrofitting interventions.","Experimental testing; Natural fiber; Non-linear static FEM; Reinforced adobe; Seismic vulnerability",,,,,,,,,"Baglioni, E., Mecca, S., Rovero, L., Tonietti, U., Traditional Building Techniques of the Drâa Valley (Morocco) (2013) DIGITAR, 1, pp. 79-87; Blondet, M., Villa García, G., Loaiza, C., ¿Viviendas sismorresistentes de tierra? Una visión a Futuro (2003) XIV Congreso Nacional de Ingeniería Civil, , Perú: Colegio de Ingenieros del Perú; Blondet, M., Aguilar, R., Seismic protection of earthen buildings (2007) Conferencia Internacional en Ingenieria Sismica, , Lima, Perù; Briccoli Bati, S., Rovero, L., Tonietti, U., Experimental analysis for the compressive strength evaluation of the Earth Material, Terra 2008 (2008) 10TH International Conference on the Study and Conservation of Earthen Architectural Heritage, , Bamaco, Mali, 2008; Briccoli Bati, S., Rovero, L., Towards a methodology for estimating strength and collapse mechanism in masonry arches strengthened with Fibre Reinforced Polymer applied on external surfaces (2008) Materials and Structures, 41 (7), pp. 1291-1306; Fischer, A., (2009) Manual de construcciones sismorresistentes en adobe, tecnología de geomalla, 66, pp. 7-8. , Perú: Cooperación Alemana al Desarrollo, GTZ; Fratini, F., Pecchioni, E., Rovero, L., Tonietti, U., The earth in the architecture of the historical centre of Lamezia Terme (Italy): Characterization for restoration (2011) Applied clay science, 53 (3), pp. 509-516; Gamrani, N., Chaham, K.R., Ibnoussina, M., Fratini, F., Rovero, L., Tonietti, U., Mansori, M., Youbi, N., The particular """"rammed earth"" of the Saadian sugar refinery of Chichaoua (XVIth century, Morocco): mineralogical, chemical and mechanical characteristics (2012) Environmental Earth Sciences, 66 (1), pp. 129-140; Hardy, M., Cancino, C., Ostergren, G., Proceedings of the Getty Seismic Adobe Project 2006 Colloquium, , The Getty Conservation Institute, (2006), Los Angeles; Houben, H., Guillaud, H., (2005) Earth construction. A comprehensive guide, , CRATerre-EAG, ITDG Publishing, Bourton; Islam, M.S., Iwashita, K., Earthquake resistance of adobe reinforced by low cost traditional materials (2010) Journal of Natural Disaster Science, 32, pp. 1-21; Méndez, M.T., Vásquez, G., Corasao, I., Prototipo de Comunidad Saludable para áreas rurales del Perú: distrito de Chincha Baja (2008) Ica. Libro de Ponencias del Congreso TERRA BRASIL, 2008. , Anais, Sao Luis de Marañao. Brasil; Méndez, M.T., (2010) Malla de junco como refuerzo para construcciones en adobe, Centro de Estudios para Comunidades Saludables, , Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima; Minke, G., (2001) Construction manual for earthquake-resistant houses built with earth, , University of Kassel, Kassel; Morel, J.C., Pkla, A., A model to measure compressive strength of compressed earth blocks with the ""3 points bending test"" (2002) Construction and Building Materials, 16, pp. 303-310; Omar Sidik, D., Ridolfi, F., Rovero, L., Tonietti, U., Experimental Investigation on the anti-seismic effectiveness of textile-fibres net applied on earthen buildings (2011) Int. Conf. on Earthen Architecture in Asia, , Mokpo, Republic of Korea; Omar Sidik, D., Ridolfi, F., Rovero, L., Tonietti, U., Earthen Costruction and Seismic Risk (2011) Reincontre internationale sur le patrimonie architectural méditerranéen, 4, pp. 1-10. , M'Sila-Algérie, April 10-12; (1998) Materials and workmanship for earth buildings. Materials and workmanship for earth buildings, , Standards New Zealand, (1998), Wellington; Rotunno, T., Rovero, L., Tonietti, U., Briccoli Bati, S., Experimental Study of Bond Behavior of CFRP-to-Brick Joints (2015) Journal of Composites for Construction, 19 (3), pp. 1-14; Rovero, L., Focacci, F., Stipo, G., Structural behavior of arch models strengthened using FRP strips of different lengths (2013) Journal of Composites for Construction, 17, pp. 249-258; Rovero, L., Tonietti, U., Fratini, F., Rescic, S., The salt architecture in Siwa oasis-Egypt (XII-XX centuries) (2009) Construction and Building Materials, 23 (7), pp. 2492-2503; Rovero, L., Fratini, F., The Medina of Chefchaouen (Morocco): A survey on morphological and mechanical features of the masonries (2013) Construction and Building Materials, 47, pp. 465-479; Rovero, L., Tonietti, U., Structural behavior of earthen corbelled domes in the Aleppo's region (2012) Materials and Structures, 45, pp. 171-184; Rovero, L., Tonietti, U., A modified corbelling theory for domes with horizontal layers (2014) Construction and Building Materials, 50, pp. 50-61; Sani, F., Moratti, G., Coli, M., Laureano, P., Rovero, L., Tonietti, U., Coli, N., Integrated geological-architectural pilot study of the Biet Gabriel-Rufael rock hewn church in Lalibela, northern Ethiopia (2012) Italian Journal of Geosciences, 131 (2), pp. 171-186; Torrealva, D., Cerròn, C., Espinoza, Y., Shear and out-of-plane bending strength of adobe walls externally reinforced with polypropylene grids (2008) Proceeding of the XIV World Conference of Earthquake Engineering, , Beijing, China; Vargas, J., Torrealva, D., Blondet, M., (2007) Manual: Construcción de casas saludables y sismo resistentes de adobe reforzado con geomalla, , PUCP, Lima; Walker, P., (2002) Standards Australia, Standards Australia Handbook 195, , The Australian earth building handbook. Standards Australia International Ltd, Sydney; (2014), Finite Element Analysis User's Manual release 9.6, TNO Diana BV, Delft","Rovero, L.; Department of Architecture, Italy; email: luisa.rovero@unifi.it",,,"Mohammed Premier University",,,,,20282508,,,,"English","J. Mater. Environ. Sci.",Article,"Final","",Scopus,2-s2.0-84991063636
"Rafsanjani S.H., Bakhshi A., Ghannad M.A., Yekrangnia M., Soumi F.","56378285500;34869121100;55665946900;56231123400;56993949100;","Predictive Tri-Linear Benchmark Curve for In-Plane Behavior of Adobe Walls",2015,"International Journal of Architectural Heritage","9","8",,"986","1004",,8,"10.1080/15583058.2014.899408","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84949213898&doi=10.1080%2f15583058.2014.899408&partnerID=40&md5=51ceadc5361b4ce692c8e4e4148e0778","Department of Civil Engineering, SHARIF University of Technology, P. O. Box 11155-9313, Tehran, Iran","Rafsanjani, S.H., Department of Civil Engineering, SHARIF University of Technology, P. O. Box 11155-9313, Tehran, Iran; Bakhshi, A., Department of Civil Engineering, SHARIF University of Technology, P. O. Box 11155-9313, Tehran, Iran; Ghannad, M.A., Department of Civil Engineering, SHARIF University of Technology, P. O. Box 11155-9313, Tehran, Iran; Yekrangnia, M., Department of Civil Engineering, SHARIF University of Technology, P. O. Box 11155-9313, Tehran, Iran; Soumi, F., Department of Civil Engineering, SHARIF University of Technology, P. O. Box 11155-9313, Tehran, Iran","In the present study, numerical simulations are conducted to estimate the in-plane response of adobe walls subjected to pseudo-static cyclic loading based on the finite element code ABAQUS. The simplified micro-modeling approach is adopted and an interface model reported in ABAQUS material library is applied as material model for zero-thickness interface elements. The comparison between obtained results and field test data results in good agreement. Parametric studies are carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of independent parameters changes on response of adobe walls. It is noted that mechanical properties of joints and adobe units play an active role on in-plane behavior of walls. A tri-linear benchmark curve is proposed to predict the response of aforementioned walls. In this regard, a statistical study is performed to derive the predictive tri-linear benchmark curve. The regressive analysis on 59 numerical models resulted in proposing predictive models. Finally, by comparing tri-linear curves obtained from the regressive analysis, numerical analysis, and experimental study, appropriate accuracy of theoretical model can be found. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.","adobe walls; in-plane behavior; numerical modeling; predictive tri-linear benchmark curve; seismic retrofitting","ABAQUS; Predictive analytics; adobe walls; Finite element codes; Independent parameters; predictive tri-linear benchmark curve; Regressive analysis; Seismic retrofitting; Theoretical modeling; Zero-thickness interfaces; Numerical models",,,,,,,,"Dehghan, A., (2007) Investigation on Seismic Behavior of A Sample of Rural Traditional Buildings in Iran, , School of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology Master's Dissertation. Tehran, Iran; Dogariu, A., Campitiello, F., Calibration of a FE model of masonry shear panels strengthened by metal sheathing (2010) Proceedings of the 3rd WSEAS International Conference on Finite Differences-Finite Elements- Finite Volumes-Boundary Elements, , Bucharest, Romania:World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society(WSEAS); Giordano, A., Mele, E., De Luca, A., Modelling of historical masonry structures:Comparison of different approaches through a case study (2002) Engineering Structures, 24 (8), pp. 1057-1069; Hasani, M., (2010) Numerical Simulation of Seismic Behavior of Domical Masonry Building to Earthquake, , School of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology Master's Dissertation. Tehran, Iran; Lourenço, P.B., (1996) Computational Strategies for Masonry Structures, , Civil Engineering Department, Delft University of Technology Doctoral Dissertation. Delft, The Netherlands; Lourenço, P.B., Computations on historic masonry structures (2002) Progress in Structural Engineering and Materials, 4 (3), pp. 301-319; Mousavi Eshkiki, E., (2005) Studying Structural Specifications of Rural Masonry Houses in Iran from Seismic Behavior Point, , Civil Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology Doctoral Dissertation. Tehran, Iran; Nahvinia, M., Marefat, M., Khan Mohammadi, M., A tri-linear model for predicting behavior of confined masonry walls with weak shear strength (2011) Sixth International Conference on Seismology and Earthquake Engineering(SEE6), , Tehran, Iran; Riahi, Z., Elwood, K., Alcocer, S., Backbone model for confined masonry walls for performance-based seismic design (2009) Journal of Structural Engineering, 135 (6), pp. 644-654; Samali, B., Dowling, D., Li, J., Dynamic testing and analysis of adobe-mudbrick structures (2008) Australian Journal of Structural Engineering, 8 (1), pp. 63-75; Soumi, F., (2011) Investigation of Cyclic Behavior of Adobe Walls Strengthened with Various Retrofitting Methods, , School of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology Master's Dissertation. Tehran, Iran; Tarque, N., Camata, G., Spacone, E., Varum, H., Blondet, M., Numerical modelling of in-plane behaviour of adobe walls (2010) Proceedings of Sísmica 2010: 8 Congresso Nacional de Sismologia e Engenharia Sísmica, , Tehran, Iran. Aveiro, Portugal; Zamani, M., (2009) Experimental Investigation of Masonry Walls Retrofitted by Polypropylene Bands, , Tehran, Iran:Building and Housing Research Centre(BHRC); Zhuge, Y., Distinct element modelling of unreinforced masonry wall under seismic loads with and without cable retrofitting (2008) Transactions of Tianjin University, 14, pp. 471-475","Rafsanjani, S.H.; Department of Civil Engineering, P. O. Box 11155-9313, Iran; email: brahim.ehashemi@gmail.com",,,"Taylor and Francis Inc.",,,,,15583058,,,,"English","Int. J. Archit. Herit.",Article,"Final","",Scopus,2-s2.0-84949213898
"Barros R., Rodrigues H., Varum H., Costa A., Correia M.","55915936000;57220807327;23135674700;16400960500;56868212700;","Seismic Analysis of a Portuguese Vernacular Building",2018,"Journal of Architectural Engineering","24","1","05017010","","",,7,"10.1061/(ASCE)AE.1943-5568.0000258","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85032286607&doi=10.1061%2f%28ASCE%29AE.1943-5568.0000258&partnerID=40&md5=537c929eaa0e90820a7de157c58ea72f","Risks and Sustainability in Construction, Civil Engineering Dept., Univ. of Aveiro, Campus Univ. de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal; Risks and Sustainability in Construction, School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Campus 2-Morro Do Lena-Alto Do Vieiro Apartado, Leiria, 4163-2411-901, Portugal; Institute of RandD in Structures and Construction, Laboratory for Earthquake and Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering (FEUP), Univ. of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, 4200-465, Portugal; Research Center at Escola Superior Gallaecia, Largo das Oliveiras, Vila Nova de Cerveira, 4920-275, Portugal","Barros, R., Risks and Sustainability in Construction, Civil Engineering Dept., Univ. of Aveiro, Campus Univ. de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal; Rodrigues, H., Risks and Sustainability in Construction, School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Campus 2-Morro Do Lena-Alto Do Vieiro Apartado, Leiria, 4163-2411-901, Portugal; Varum, H., Institute of RandD in Structures and Construction, Laboratory for Earthquake and Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering (FEUP), Univ. of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, 4200-465, Portugal; Costa, A., Risks and Sustainability in Construction, Civil Engineering Dept., Univ. of Aveiro, Campus Univ. de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal; Correia, M., Research Center at Escola Superior Gallaecia, Largo das Oliveiras, Vila Nova de Cerveira, 4920-275, Portugal","Rammed-earth constructions are present all over the world and are common in Portugal, especially in the southern part of the country. In recent years, several research works published on this topic focused on characterizing the mechanical properties and understanding the structural behavior of buildings through experimental and numerical works. Much of the work focused on the characterization of the seismic vulnerability of rammed-earth construction. The research presented in this paper offers another contribution on this topic, particularly in understanding the influence of construction elements in a vernacular seismic culture. On the basis of a simplified case study, derived from a real building, a set of numerical analyses was carried out to assess the influence of the geometry, layout, and different retrofitting solutions typical of vernacular rammed-earth constructions on behavior and seismic performance. © 2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.","Behavior analysis; Rammed earth; Retrofitting; Vernacular","Retrofitting; Behavior analysis; Influence of construction; Rammed earth; Seismic Performance; Seismic vulnerability; Structural behaviors; Vernacular; Vernacular buildings; Seismology",,,,,,,,"Barros, R.S., Seismic behaviour analysis and retrofitting of a row building Seismic Retrofitting: Learning from Vernacular Architecture, , M. Correia, P. L. Lourenço, and H. Varum., eds., CRC, Boca Raton, FL; Barros, R.S., Seismic behavior of Portuguese rammed earth buildings (2015) Proc. 6th Int. Conf. Mechanics and Materials in Design Univ. of Porto, , Univ. of Toronto, and Univ. of Azores; Bui, T.T., Bui, Q.B., Limam, A., Morel, J.-C., Modeling rammed earth wall using discrete element method (2016) Continuum Mech. Thermodyn., 28 (12), pp. 523-538; Correia, M., (2007) Rammed Earth in Alentejo, , Argumentum, Lisbon, Portugal; Correia, M., Carlos, G., Chapter 24: Recognising local seismic culture in Portugal, the SEISMIC-V research Seismic Retrofitting: Learning from Vernacular Architecture, pp. 123-129. , M. Correia, P. B. Lourenco, and H. Varum., eds., CRC, Boca Raton, FL; Correia, M.R., Carlos, G.D., (2015) Local Seismic Culture in Portugal, , Argumentum, Lisbon, Portugal; De La Torre López, M.J., Sebastián, P.E., Rodríguez, G.J., A study of the wall material in the Alhambra (Granada, Spain) (1996) Cement Concrete Res., 26 (6), pp. 825-839; Gallego, R., Arto, I., Evaluation of seismic behavior of rammed earth structures (2015) Earth Architecture: Past, Present and Future, pp. 151-156. , C. Mileto, F. Vegas, L. García Soriono, and V. Cristini, eds. CRC, Boca Raton, FL; Gomes, M.I., Lopes, M., De Brito, J., Seismic resistance of earth construction in Portugal (2011) Eng. Struct., 33 (3), pp. 932-941; Jaquin, P.A., (2008) Analysis of Historic Rammed Earth Construction, , Doctoral thesis, Durham Univ. Durham, U.K; Mahini, S., Smeared crack material modelling for the nonlinear analysis of CFRP-strengthened historical brick vaults with adobe piers (2015) Constr. Build. Mater., 74, pp. 201-218; Miccoli, L., Drougkas, A., Müller, U., In-plane behaviour of rammed earth under cyclic loading: Experimental testing and finite element modelling (2016) Eng. Struct., 125, pp. 144-152; Miccoli, L., Oliveira, D.V., Silva, R.A., Müller, U., Schueremans, L., Static behaviour of rammed earth - Experimental testing and finite element modeling (2014) Mater. Struct., 48 (10), pp. 3443-3456; MIDAS FEA [Computer Software], , MIDAS, London; Nowamooz, H., Chazallon, C., Finite element modelling of a rammed earth wall (2011) Constr. Build. Mater., 25 (4), pp. 2112-2121; Ortega, J., Vasconcelos, G., Correia, M.R., Chapter 3: Seismic-resistant building practices resulting from local seismic culture (2015) Seismic Retrofitting: Learning from Vernacular Architecture., pp. 123-129. , M. Correia, P. B. Lourenco, and H. Varum, eds. CRC, Boca Raton, FL; Reis, A.C., Farinha, M.B., Farinha, J.P.B., (2005) Tabelas Técnicas, , ETL: Edições Técnicas, Lisbon, Portugal; Silva, R., Oliveira, D.V., Miranda, T., Cristelo, N., Escobar, M.C., Soares, E., Rammed earth construction with granitic residual soils: The case study of northern Portugal (2013) Constr. Build. Mater., 47 (OCT), pp. 181-191; Vicente, R., Rodrigues, H., Varum, H., Mendes Da Silva, J., Evaluation of strengthening techniques of traditional masonry buildings: Case study of a four-building aggregate (2011) J. Perform. Constr. Facil., pp. 202-216","Rodrigues, H.; Risks and Sustainability in Construction, Campus 2-Morro Do Lena-Alto Do Vieiro Apartado, Portugal; email: hugo.f.rodrigues@ipleiria.pt",,,"American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)",,,,,10760431,,JAEIE,,"English","J Archit Eng",Article,"Final","All Open Access, Green",Scopus,2-s2.0-85032286607
"Barros R.S., Costa A., Varum H., Rodrigues H., Lourenço P.B., Vasconcelos G.","55915936000;16400960500;23135674700;57220807327;7004615647;23399035000;","Seismic behaviour analysis and retrofitting of a row building",2015,"Seismic Retrofitting: Learning from Vernacular Architecture",,,,"213","218",,6,"10.1201/b18856","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85054359260&doi=10.1201%2fb18856&partnerID=40&md5=ce44c7f279c88d9b201056092f0f3d4a","RISCO - Department of Civil Engineering, University of Aveiro, Portugal; CONSTRUCT-LESE, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Portugal; RISCO - School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Portugal; ISISE, Faculty of Engineering, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal","Barros, R.S., RISCO - Department of Civil Engineering, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Costa, A., RISCO - Department of Civil Engineering, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Varum, H., CONSTRUCT-LESE, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Portugal; Rodrigues, H., RISCO - School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Portugal; Lourenço, P.B., ISISE, Faculty of Engineering, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal; Vasconcelos, G., ISISE, Faculty of Engineering, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal","Rammed earth is one of the oldest building materials in the world, and it is present in Portugal with a particular focus in the South of the country. The mechanical properties and the structural behaviour of rammed earth constructions have been the subject of study of many researchers in the recent years. This study is part of a broader research on vernacular seismic culture in Portugal. Numerical analyses were carried out to assess the influence of different retrofitting solutions in the behaviour and seismic performance of a rammed earth building, representative of the vernacular heritage of Alentejo region. Understating the structural fragilities of this type of constructions allowed determining the most appropriate retrofitting solutions. © 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, London.",,"Mechanical properties; Retrofitting; Portugal; Rammed earth; Rammed earth buildings; Row buildings; Seismic behaviour; Seismic Performance; Structural behaviour; Seismic response",,,,,,,,"Correia, M., (2007) Rammed Earth in Alentejo, , Lisboa: Argumentum; Gallego, R., Arto, I., Evaluation of seismic behavior of rammed earth structures (2015) Earth Architecture: Past, Present and Future, pp. 151-156. , C. Mileto, F. Vegas, L. García Soriono & V. Cristini, London: Taylor & Francis Group; Gomes, M.I., Lopes, M., Brito, J., Seismic resistance of earth construction in Portugal (2011) Engineering Structures, 33 (3), pp. 932-941; Limón, T.G., Burego, M.A., Gómez, A.C., (1998) Study of the Materials from the Factories in the Tower of the Alhambra Comares, , Alhambra: CEDEX; Miccoli, L., Oliveira, D.V., Silva, R.A., Muller, U., Schuere-Mans, L., Static behaviour of rammed earth - experimental testing and finite element modeling (2014) Materials and Structures; Midas, F., (2014) Manual Midas FEA, , London: MIDAS; Reis, A.C., Farinha, M.B., Farinha, J.P.B., (2005) Tabelas Técnicas, , Lisboa: Ediçoes técnicas E.T.L., Lda; Vicente, R., Rodrigues, H., Varum, H., Mendes Da Silva, J., Evaluation of Strengthening Techniques of Traditional Masonry Buildings: Case Study of a Four- Building Aggregate (2011) J. Perform. Constr. Facil., 25 (3), pp. 202-216",,,,"CRC Press",,,,,,9781317297888; 9781315647395,,,"English","Seismic Retrofitting: Learning from Vernac. Architecture",Book Chapter,"Final","All Open Access, Green",Scopus,2-s2.0-85054359260
"Briceño C., Noel M.F., Chácara C., Aguilar R.","57188956306;57193719313;56331375900;36719908000;","Integration of non-destructive testing, numerical simulations, and simplified analytical tools for assessing the structural performance of historical adobe buildings",2021,"Construction and Building Materials","290",,"123224","","",,5,"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123224","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85103925201&doi=10.1016%2fj.conbuildmat.2021.123224&partnerID=40&md5=4f0407b253b01d452e4af2f7a7dab661","Engineering Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, San Miguel, Lima, 15088, Peru","Briceño, C., Engineering Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, San Miguel, Lima, 15088, Peru; Noel, M.F., Engineering Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, San Miguel, Lima, 15088, Peru; Chácara, C., Engineering Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, San Miguel, Lima, 15088, Peru; Aguilar, R., Engineering Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, San Miguel, Lima, 15088, Peru","For existing structures, the development of seismic vulnerability studies requires the availability of information related to geometry, boundary conditions, material properties, and accumulated damage. In the case of historical constructions, modern conservation criteria recommend carrying out a comprehensive structural assessment that involves the use of concurrent experimental diagnosis complemented with numerical and analytical approaches for structural analysis. This paper presents a proposal for a comprehensive integration of these perspectives by the application of several tools for the seismic performance analysis of an iconic Andean historical adobe building: the 'San Pedro Apostol Church' located in Andahuaylillas, Southern Peru. In this church, several non-destructive techniques for geometrical and damage assessment were combined with structural exploration tools, nonlinear numerical modeling, and simplified analytical tools for performing predictive seismic analysis. The results indicate the feasibility of the integration of these techniques for studying existing earthen buildings and their capacity to properly predict observed damage in past earthquakes (i.e. failures of bell towers, façade walls, tympani, and triumphal arches). In particular, the analyses allowed the identification of high seismic vulnerability of the studied church in occasional earthquakes (earthquakes with a return period of 72 years) due to the activation of collapse mechanisms consisting of rocking of the façade walls and out-of-plane overturning of the lateral walls. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd","3d reconstruction; Adobe masonry; Ambient vibration testing; Kinematic limit analysis; N2 method; Pushover analysis","Computational methods; Damage detection; Earthquake engineering; Earthquakes; Engineering geology; Integration testing; Masonry materials; Nondestructive examination; Numerical models; Religious buildings; Structural analysis; Structural dynamics; Vibration analysis; Walls (structural partitions); 3D reconstruction; Adobe masonry; Ambient Vibration Testing; Analytical tool; Kinematic limit analyse; N2 method; Non destructive testing; Push-over analysis; Seismic vulnerability; Structural performance; Integration",,,,,"2019-0; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica, CONCYTEC","The authors would like to acknowledge DGI-PUCP (project N° 2019-0) for funding for this research. Carolina Briceño gratefully acknowledges CONCYTEC for the scholarship awarded to support her graduate studies.",,"Ramos, G., Alberro, S., (1994), La venida del reino: religión, evangelización y cultura en América, siglos XVI-XX, no. 12. Centro de Estudios Regionales Andinos, Bartolomé de las Casas; http://sistemas.cultura.gob.pe/MINC-BIMWEB/pages/principal/login.jsfx, Vice-Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Cultural Industries (VMCHCI), Historical Heritage Property Database System, Online Available: 2020 Accessed: 11-Mar-2020; Mariategui, J., (2017), https://www.google.com.ar/maps/place/Iglesia+de+Ichupampa, GoogleMaps: Photographs record [Online]. Available:; Paliza, V., Damage record of the church of Miska after Paruro earthquake (2014), Cusco Archbishop Cusco, Peru; Karanikoloudis, G., Lourenço, P.B., Structural assessment and seismic vulnerability of earthen historic structures. Application of sophisticated numerical and simple analytical models (2018) Eng. Struct., 160, pp. 488-509; Jorquera, N., Misseri, G., Palazzi, N., Rovero, L., Tonietti, U., Structural characterization and seismic performance of San Francisco church, the most ancient monument in Santiago, Chile (2017) Int. J. Archit. Herit., 11 (8), pp. 1061-1085; Briceño, C., Moreira, S., Noel, M.F., Gonzales, M., Vila-Chã, E., Aguilar, R., Seismic vulnerability assessment of a 17th century adobe church in the peruvian andes (2019) Int. J. Archit. Herit., 13 (1), pp. 140-152; Aguilar, R., Noel, M.F., Ramos, L.F., Integration of reverse engineering and non-linear numerical analysis for the seismic assessment of historical adobe buildings (2019) Autom. Constr., 98, pp. 1-15; Fajfar, P., A nonlinear analysis method for performance-based seismic design (2000) Earthq. Spectra, 16 (3), pp. 573-592; Castillo, M., Kuon, E., Aguirre, C., Saint Peter the Apostle of Andahuaylillas: tour guide (2012), Cusco Peru; (2017), https://www.wmf.org/project/san-pedro-apóstol-de-andahuaylillas-church, World Monument Foundation, Information related to San Pedro Apóstol de Andahuaylillas Church [Online]. Available:; (2015), Agisoft, Agisoft PhotoScan user's Manual. release 1.2.2. Russia; Geosystems, L., Leica Cyclone User Manual. release 7.1.1 (2015), CR Kennedy & Company Switzerland; (2015), Institute of Information Science and Technology and National Research Council. release 1.2.1, “Meshlab.” Italy; Spodek, J., Rosina, E., Application of infrared thermography to historic building investigation (2009) J. Architect. Conserv., 15 (1), pp. 65-81; FLIR FLIR T420 & T440 user's Manual 2014 Oregon, USA; Aguilar, R., Briceño, C., Structural diagnosis of a 16th Century Earthen Masonry Church using IR thermography (2016) Seoul International Conference on Engineering and Applied Science (SICEAS); PEETERS, B.A.R.T., DE ROECK, G., Reference-based stochastic subspace identification for output-only modal analysis (1999) Mech. Syst. Sign. Process., 13 (6), pp. 855-878; (2015), SVS, ARTeMIS user's Manual. release 8.4; Zonno, G., Aguilar, R., Boroschek, R., Lourenço, P.B., Automated long-term dynamic monitoring using hierarchical clustering and adaptive modal tracking: validation and applications (2018) J. Civ. Struct. Heal. Monit., 8 (5), pp. 791-808; Zonno, G., Aguilar, R., Boroschek, R., Lourenço, P.B., A Analysis of the long and short-term effects of temperature and humidity onthe structural properties of adobe buildings using continuous monitoring, Eng. Struct. 196, 109299; (2015), Autodesk Inc., AutoCAD 2015. version 7.7.42.0. USA; TNO, D., (2016), DIANA user's manual. release 9.6. Netherlands; Allemang, R.J., A correlation coefficient for modal vector analysis (1982) 1st International Modal Analysis Conference, pp. 110-116; Ivancic, S.R., Briceno, C., Marques, R., Aguilar, R., Perucchio, R., Vargas, J., (2014), Seismic assessment of the St. Peter Apostle Church of Andahuaylillas in Cusco, Peru, in: SAHC2014–9th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions, Mexico City; Lourenço, P., Recent advances in masonry structures: micromodelling and homogeneization (2009), pp. 251-294. , U. Galvanetto, M.H. Ferri Aliabadi (Eds.), Multiscale Model. Solid Mech. Comput. Approaches; Tomazevic, M., (1999) Earthquake-Resistant Design of Masonry Buildings, 10. , Imperial College Press London, UK; Schubert, P., Influence of mortar on the strength of masonry (1988), 1, pp. 162-174. , Brick Block Masonry (8th IBMAC) London, Elsevier Appl. Sci; Ciocci, M.P., Sharma, S., Lourenço, P.B., Engineering simulations of a super-complex cultural heritage building: Ica Cathedral in Peru (2018) Meccanica, 53 (7), pp. 1931-1958; (2008), Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti, in: Norme tecniche per le costruzioni, vol. 14; (2016), SENCICO, Peruvian National Earthquake Design Code: E 0-30, in: Ministerio de Vivienda, Construcción y Saneamiento, Lima, Peru; Ordaz, M., Aguilar, A., Arboleda, J., (2007), http://www.r-crisis.com/, Program for Computing Seismic Hazard: CRISIS- 2007 V1.1, in: Institute of Engineering, UNAM, Mexico [Online]. Available:; Code, P., Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance - Part 1: general rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings (2005), European Committee for Standardization Brussels","Aguilar, R.; Engineering Department, Peru",,,"Elsevier Ltd",,,,,09500618,,CBUME,,"English","Constr Build Mater",Article,"Final","",Scopus,2-s2.0-85103925201
"Greenhalgh E.D., Kunze C., Schubert T., Diekert G., Brunold T.C.","57215686512;55872774500;57193875031;57208462552;7003704212;","A Spectroscopically Validated Computational Investigation of Viable Reaction Intermediates in the Catalytic Cycle of the Reductive Dehalogenase PceA",2021,"Biochemistry",,,,"","",,5,"10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00271","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85109639076&doi=10.1021%2facs.biochem.1c00271&partnerID=40&md5=04e709f5b58d04f8d6b6f01796ad274e","Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, WI  53706, United States; Department of Applied and Ecological Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, 07743, Germany","Greenhalgh, E.D., Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, WI  53706, United States; Kunze, C., Department of Applied and Ecological Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, 07743, Germany; Schubert, T., Department of Applied and Ecological Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, 07743, Germany; Diekert, G., Department of Applied and Ecological Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, 07743, Germany; Brunold, T.C., Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, WI  53706, United States","Organisms that produce reductive dehalogenases utilize halogenated aromatic and aliphatic substances as terminal electron acceptors in a process termed organohalide respiration. These organisms can couple the reduction of halogenated substances with the production of ATP. Tetrachloroethylene reductive dehalogenase (PceA) catalyzes the reductive dehalogenation of per- and trichloroethylenes (PCE and TCE, respectively) to primarilycis-dichloroethylene (DCE). The enzymatic conversion of PCE to TCE (and subsequently DCE) could potentially proceed via a mechanism in which the first step involves a single-electron transfer, nucleophilic addition followed by chloride elimination or protonation, or direct attack at the halogen. Difficulties with producing adequate quantities of PceA have greatly hampered direct experimental studies of the reaction mechanism. To overcome these challenges, we have generated computational models of resting and TCE-bound PceA using quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations and validated these models on the basis of experimental data. Notably, the norpseudo-cob(II)alamin [Co(II)Cbl*] cofactor remains five-coordinate upon binding of the substrate to the enzyme, retaining a loosely bound water on the lower face. Thus, the mechanism for the thermodynamically challenging Co(II) → Co(I)Cbl* reduction used by PceA differs fundamentally from that utilized by adenosyltransferases, which generate four-coordinate Co(II)Cbl species to facilitate access to the Co(I) oxidation state. The same QM/MM computational methodology was then applied to viable reaction intermediates in the catalytic cycle of PceA. The intermediate predicted to possess the lowest energy is that resulting from electron transfer from Co(I)Cbl* to the substrate to yield Co(II)Cbl*, a chloride ion, and a vinylic radical. © 2021 American Chemical Society",,"Addition reactions; Chlorine compounds; Dehalogenation; Electron transitions; Electron transport properties; Free radical reactions; Halogenation; Molecular modeling; Quantum theory; Reaction intermediates; Computational investigation; Computational methodology; Nucleophilic additions; Quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics; Reductive dehalogenases; Reductive dehalogenation; Single electron transfer; Terminal electron acceptors; Cobalt compounds",,,,,"National Science Foundation, NSF: CHE-1710339; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG: FOR 1530","This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant CHE-1710339 to T.C.B.) and the German Research Foundation (Grant FOR 1530 to C.K., T.S., and G.D.).",,"Holliger, C., Wohlfarth, G., Diekert, G., Reductive Dechlorination in the Energy Metabolism of Anaerobic Bacteria (1998) FEMS Microbiol. 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Chem., 48, p. 6615; Hodgkin, D.C., Pickworth, J., Robertson, J.H., Trueblood, K.N., Prosen, R.J., White, J.G., Structure of Vitamin B12 (1955) Nature, 176, pp. 325-328; Stich, T.A., Yamanishi, M., Banerjee, R., Brunold, T.C., Spectroscopic Evidence for the Formation of a Four-Coordinate Co2+Cobalamin Species upon Binding to the Human ATP:Cobalamin Adenosyltransferase (2005) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127, pp. 7660-7661; Fonseca, M.V., Escalante-Semerena, J.C., An in Vitro Reducing System for the Enzymic Conversion of Cobalamin to Adenosylcobalamin (2001) J. Biol. Chem., 276, pp. 32101-32108; Lexa, D., Saveant, J.-M., The Electrochemistry of Vitamin B12 (1983) Acc. Chem. Res., 16, pp. 235-243; Stich, T.A., Seravalli, J., Venkateshrao, S., Spiro, T.G., Ragsdale, S.W., Brunold, T.C., Spectroscopic Studies of the Corrinoid/Iron-Sulfur Protein fromMoorella thermoacetica (2006) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 128, pp. 5010-5020; Siritanaratkul, B., Islam, S.T.A., Schubert, T., Kunze, C., Goris, T., Diekert, G., Armstrong, F.A., Selective, Light-Driven Enzymatic Dehalogenations of Organic Compounds (2016) RSC Adv., 6, pp. 84882-84886; Liao, R.Z., Chen, S.L., Siegbahn, P.E.M., Which Oxidation State Initiates Dehalogenation in the B12-Dependent Enzyme NpRdhA: CoII, CoI, or Co0? (2015) ACS Catal., 5, pp. 7350-7358","Brunold, T.C.; Department of Chemistry, United States; email: brunold@chem.wisc.edu",,,"American Chemical Society",,,,,00062960,,BICHA,"34132518","English","Biochemistry",Article,"Final","",Scopus,2-s2.0-85109639076
"Miccoli L., Silva R.A., Garofano A., Oliveira D.V.","26428827300;35587551100;55990566600;9249985900;","In-plane behaviour of earthen materials: A numerical comparison between adobe masonry, rammed earth and COB",2017,"COMPDYN 2017 - Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","1",,,"2478","2504",,5,"10.7712/120117.5583.17606","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85042483960&doi=10.7712%2f120117.5583.17606&partnerID=40&md5=a321e8e49420ae797cffb24045d0c3bd","Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Division Building Materials, Unter den Eichen 87, Berlin, 12205, Germany; ISISE University of Minho Department of Civil Engineering, Campus de Azurém, Guimarães, 4800-058, Portugal; DIANA FEA bv Department of Engineering, Delftechpark 19a, Delft, 2628XJ, Netherlands","Miccoli, L., Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Division Building Materials, Unter den Eichen 87, Berlin, 12205, Germany; Silva, R.A., ISISE University of Minho Department of Civil Engineering, Campus de Azurém, Guimarães, 4800-058, Portugal; Garofano, A., DIANA FEA bv Department of Engineering, Delftechpark 19a, Delft, 2628XJ, Netherlands; Oliveira, D.V., ISISE University of Minho Department of Civil Engineering, Campus de Azurém, Guimarães, 4800-058, Portugal","The paper presents a comparison between different numerical modelling approaches aiming to simulate the in-plain behaviour of three types of earthen materials, namely adobe masonry, rammed earth and cob. For this purpose, uniaxial and diagonal compression tests were carried out, which allowed determining important mechanical parameters, such as compressive strength, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, shear strength and shear modulus. Furthermore, the tests allowed assessing the level of non-linear behaviour of the respective stress-strain relationships as well as the failure modes. The experimental results were then used for the calibration of numerical models (based on the finite element method) for simulating the non-linear behaviour of the earth materials under in-plane shear loading. Both macro- and micro-modelling approaches were considered for this purpose. The procedures adopted for model calibration established the reliability of various modelling strategies for the different loading conditions. The simplified approach based on macro-modelling shows a satisfactory accuracy and low computational costs. The results reproducing the uniaxial compression are in good correspondence with the post-elastic behaviour observed in the experimental campaign. The micro-modelling approach adopted to reproduce the shear behaviour, even with higher computational cost, represents a suitable tool to predict the adobe masonry and rammed earth collapse mechanisms.","Compression Behaviour; Digital Image Correlation; Earthen Materials; Finite Element Method; Shear Behaviour","Compression testing; Compressive strength; Computational methods; Earthquake engineering; Elastic moduli; Engineering geology; Geophysics; Masonry materials; Numerical methods; Numerical models; Stress-strain curves; Structural dynamics; Compression behaviours; Diagonal compression tests; Digital image correlations; In-plane shear loadings; Mechanical parameters; Shear behaviour; Stress-strain relationships; Uni-axial compression; Finite element method",,,,,"NIKE; Seventh Framework Programme, FP7: 244123; European Commission, EC: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007633; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, FCT: PTDC/ECM-EST/2777/2014, SFRH/BPD/97082/2013; Federación Española de Enfermedades Raras, FEDER","This study was partially funded by European Commission within the framework of the project NIKER (grant number 244123) dealing with improving immovable Cultural Heritage assets against the risk of earthquakes. The study was also partly financed by FEDER funds through the Competitivity Factors Operational Programme (project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007633) and by national funds through Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (project PTDC/ECM-EST/2777/2014 and grant SFRH/BPD/97082/2013). The authors wish to acknowledge Mr. André Gardei and Mr. Jürgen Kuhn for their support in samples preparation and tests setup.","This study was partially funded by European Commission within the framework of the project NIKER (grant number 244123) dealing with improving immovable Cultural Heritage assets against the risk of earthquakes. The study was also partly financed by FEDER funds through the Competitivity Factors Operational Programme (project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007633) and by national funds through Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (project PTDC/ECM-EST/2777/2014 and grant SFRH/BPD/97082/2013). The authors wish to acknowledge Mr. Andr? Gardei and Mr. J?rgen Kuhn for their support in samples preparation and tests setup.","Pacheco-Torgal, F., Jalali, S., Earth construction: Lessons from the past for future eco-efficient construction (2012) Constr Build Mater, 29, pp. 512-519; Fabbri, A., Morel, J.C., Earthen materials and constructions (2016) Nonconventional and Vernacular Construction Materials: Characterisation, Properties and Applications, p. 273; Niroumand, H., Zain, M.F.M., Jamil, M., Various types of earth buildings (2013) Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 89, pp. 226-230; Quagliarini, E., Stazi, A., Pasqualini, E., Fratalochi, E., Cob construction in Italy: Some lessons from the past (2010) Sustainability, 2, pp. 3291-3308; Miccoli, L., Müller, U., Fontana, P., Mechanical behaviour of earthen materials: A comparison between earth block masonry, rammed earth and cob (2014) Constr Build Mater, 61, pp. 327-339; Miccoli, L., Fontana, P., Müller, U., Charakterisierung von Lehmmauerwerk unter stati-scher Druck-und Schubbeanspruchung (2013) Mauerwerk Kalender, pp. 629-633. , 2013; Piattoni, Q., Quagliarini, E., Lenci, S., Experimental analysis and modelling of the mechanical behaviour of earthen bricks (2011) Constr Build Mater, 25, pp. 2067-2075; Miccoli, L., Oliveira, D.V., Silva, R.A., Müller, U., Schueremans, L., Static behaviour of rammed earth: Experimental testing and finite element modelling (2015) Mater Struct, 48, pp. 3443-3456; Miccoli, L., Garofano, A., Fontana, P., Müller, U., Experimental testing and finite element modelling of earth block masonry (2015) Eng Struct, 104, pp. 80-94; Miccoli, L., Fontana, P., Mechanical characterization and modelling of earth block masonry (2012) Mauerwerk, 16, pp. 279-292; Caporale, A., Parisi, F., Asprone, D., Luciano, R., Prota, A., Comparative micromechanical assessment of adobe and clay brick masonry assemblages based on experimental data sets (2015) Comp Struct, 120, pp. 208-220; Giamundo, V., Sarhosis, V., Lignola, G.P., Sheng, Y., Manfredi, G., Evaluation of different computational modelling strategies for the analysis of low strength masonry structures (2014) Eng Struct, 73, pp. 160-169; Jaquin, P.A., (2008) Analysis of Historic Rammed Earth Construction, 1. , PhD thesis. Durham, United Kingdom: Durham University; Nowamooz, H., Chazallon, C., Finite element modelling of a rammed earth wall (2011) Constr Build Mater, 25, pp. 2112-2121; Bui, Q.B., Hans, S., Morel, J.C., Do, A.P., First exploratory study on dynamic characteristics of rammed earth buildings (2011) Eng Struct, 33, pp. 3690-3695; Ortega, J., Vasconcelos, G., Lourenço, P.B., Rodrigues, H., Varum, H., Seismic behaviour assessment of vernacular isolated buildings (2015) Seismic Retrofitting: Learning from Vernacular Architecture, pp. 203-212; Bui, T.T., Bui, Q.B., Limam, A., Morel, J.C., Modeling rammed earth wall using discrete element method (2016) Continuum Mech Therm, 28, pp. 523-538; Gomes, I., Lopes, M., Brito, J., Seismic resistance of earth construction in Portugal (2012) Eng Struct, 33, pp. 932-941; Garofano, A., Ceroni, F., Pecce, M., Modelling of the in-plane behaviour of masonry walls strengthened with polymeric grids embedded in cementitious mortar layers (2016) Compos Part B Eng, 85, pp. 243-258; Miccoli, L., Drougkas, A., Müller, U., In-plane behaviour of rammed earth under cyclic loading: Experimental testing and finite element modelling (2016) Eng Struct, 125, pp. 144-152; (2015) Displacement Method Analyser (DIANA) User'S Manual. Release 9.6, , TNO. Netherlands; (2013) Earth Masonry Mortar - Terms and Definitions, Requirements, Test Methods, , DIN 18946; (1998) Methods of Test for Masonry - Part 1: Determination of Compressive Strength, , EN 1052-1; (2010) Standard Test Method for Diagonal Tension (Shear) in Masonry Assemblages, , ASTM E 519-10; (2007) Methods of Test for Masonry - Part 3: Determination of Initial Shear Strength, , EN 1052-3; Miccoli, L., Silva, R.A., Oliveira, D.V., Müller, U., Static behaviour of cob: Experimental testing and finite element modelling (2017) Eng Struct, , print; Rots, J.G., Blaauwendraad, J., Crack models for concrete: Discrete or smeared? Fixed, multi-directional or rotating? (1989) Heron, 34; Saetta, V., Scotta, R., Vitaliani, R.V., An orthotropic forth-rank damage model for masonry structures (2010) European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering; Lourenço, P.B., Vasconcelos, G., Gouveia, J.P., Vertically perforated clay brick masonry for loadbearing and non-loadbearing masonry walls (2010) Constr Build Mater, 24, pp. 2317-2330; Lourenço, P.B., (1996) Computational Strategies for Masonry Structures, , PhD thesis. Delft, Netherlands: Delft University of Technology; Rots, J.G., (1997) Structural Masonry: An Experimental/Numerical Basis for Practical Design Rules, , Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Lourenço, P.B., Rots, J.G., Multisurface interface model for analysis of masonry structures (1997) J Eng Mech, 123, pp. 660-688; Senthivel, R., Lourenço, P.B., Finite element modelling of deformation characteristics of historical stone masonry shear walls (2009) Eng Struct, 31, pp. 1933-1943; Van der Pluijm, R., Material properties of masonry and its components under tension and shear (1992) 6th Canadian Masonry Symposium, , Saskatchewan, Canada, June 15-17; Van Zijl, G.P.A., Modelling masonry shear-compression: Role of dilatancy angle (2004) J Eng Mech, 130, pp. 1289-1296; Da Porto, F., Guidi, G., Garbin, E., Modena, C., In-plane behavior of clay masonry walls: Experimental testing and finite-element modeling (2010) J Struct Eng, 136, pp. 1379-1392; Figueiras, J., (1983) Ultimate Load Analysis of Anisotropic and Reinforced Concrete Plates and Shells, , PhD Thesis, University of Wales, UK; Damjamic, F., Owen, D., Practical considerations for modeling of post-cracking concrete behavior for finite element analysis of reinforced concrete structures (1984) International Conference on Computer Aided Analysis and Design of Concrete Structures; Póvoas, R., (1991) Non-Linear Models of Analysis and Design, , PhD thesis, University of Porto, Portugal; Mendes, N., Lourenço, P.B., Sensitivity analysis of the seismic performance of existing masonry buildings (2014) Eng Struct, 80, pp. 137-146; Carpinteri, A., Invernizzi, S., Lacidogna, G., In situ damage assessment and nonlinear modelling of a historical masonry tower (2005) Eng Struct, 27, pp. 387-395; Silva, R.A., Oliveira, D.V., Schueremans, L., Miranda, T., Machado, J., Modelling of the structural behaviour of rammed earth components (2014) 12th International Conference on Computational Structures Technology, , Naples; Mendes, N.M., (2012) Seismic Assessment of Ancient Masonry Buildings: Shaking Table Tests and Numerical Analysis, , PhD thesis, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal; Aymerich, F., Fenu, L., Meloni, P., Effect of reinforcing wool fibres on fracture and energy absorption properties of an earthen material (2012) Constr Build Mater, 27, pp. 66-72",,"Papadrakakis M.Fragiadakis M.","","National Technical University of Athens","6th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, COMPDYN 2017","15 June 2017 through 17 June 2017",,133542,,9786188284418,,,"English","COMPDYN - Proc. Int. Conf. Comput. Methods Struct. Dyn. Earthq. Eng.",Conference Paper,"Final","All Open Access, Green",Scopus,2-s2.0-85042483960
"Liu K., Wang Y.A., Wang M.","56896481800;56189289100;55732001400;","Experimental and numerical study of enhancing the seismic behavior of rammed earth buildings",2014,"Advanced Materials Research","919-921",,,"925","931",,5,"10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.919-921.925","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84901722514&doi=10.4028%2fwww.scientific.net%2fAMR.919-921.925&partnerID=40&md5=103a52132ec91b05bd40995d473c5edf","State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China; Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Ministry of Civil Affairs and Ministry of Education, 100875 Beijing, China","Liu, K., State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China, Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Ministry of Civil Affairs and Ministry of Education, 100875 Beijing, China; Wang, Y.A., Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Ministry of Civil Affairs and Ministry of Education, 100875 Beijing, China; Wang, M., State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China, Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Ministry of Civil Affairs and Ministry of Education, 100875 Beijing, China","Rammed earth structures are widely used as farmers' dwellings in the southwest of China, however, they are extremely vulnerable to earthquake loadings. An economic, environmental-friendly and less-intervention seismic retrofitting technique is required to reinforce these dwellings so as to increase regional seismic capability. A preliminary laboratory testing was conducted to investigate the enhancement of the seismic behavior of the rammed earth wall with externally bonded fibers. Different retrofitting materials and adhesives were tested to characterize their mechanical properties and bonding performance when externally glued on rammed earth blocks. The most suitable and practical retrofitting material and adhesive were chosen based on the experimental results. Furthermore, a numerical analysis was performed to investigate the improvement of the shear capacity of the rammed earth wall with the proposed technique. It was verified that the proposed retrofitting technique is a promising option for seismic retrofitting of rammed earth walls. © (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.","Externally bonded fiber; Rammed earth building; Reinforcement; Seismic behavior; Seismic retrofitting","Housing; Mechanical properties; Reinforcement; Retrofitting; Seismic response; Bonding performance; Earthquake loadings; Environmental-friendly; Experimental and numerical studies; Externally bonded; Rammed earth buildings; Seismic behavior; Seismic retrofitting; Walls (structural partitions)",,,,,,,,"Dizhur, D., Griffith, M., Ingham, J., (2014) Engineering Structures, 59, pp. 330-343; Griffith, M.C., Kashyap, J., Mohamed Ali, M.S., (2013) Construction and Building Materials, 49, pp. 1032-1040; Zhou, D., Lei, Z., Wang, J., (2013) Composite Structures, 102, pp. 9-19; Mosallam, A., Banerjee, S., (2011) Composites: Part B, 42, pp. 1657-1670; Santa-Maria, H., Alcaino, P., (2011) Construction and Building Materials, 25, pp. 1172-1180; Tuohuti, A., Qi, G.-Q., Rammed-earth wall numerical model and calculation analysis based on solid65 and solid45 finite element (In Chinese) (2008) Journal of Xinjiang University (Natural Science Edition), 25, pp. 492-498","Wang, M.; State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China; email: wangming@bnu.edu.cn",,"","Trans Tech Publications","4th International Conference on Structures and Building Materials, ICSBM 2014","15 March 2014 through 16 March 2014","Guangzhou",105436,10226680,9783038350859,,,"English","Adv. Mater. Res.",Conference Paper,"Final","",Scopus,2-s2.0-84901722514
"Rickels E.S., Stumpf A.J., Malone D.H., Shields W.E.","56906299400;7003926522;7102595982;57191157076;","Surficial geology of the Saybrook 7.5-minute Quadrangle, Mclean County, Illinois, USA",2017,"Journal of Maps","13","2",,"191","195",,4,"10.1080/17445647.2017.1291369","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85036534395&doi=10.1080%2f17445647.2017.1291369&partnerID=40&md5=4d464fa99256ef1a63726cb402ec7e7f","Department of Geography-Geology, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, United States; Illinois State Geological Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States","Rickels, E.S., Department of Geography-Geology, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, United States; Stumpf, A.J., Illinois State Geological Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States; Malone, D.H., Department of Geography-Geology, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, United States; Shields, W.E., Department of Geography-Geology, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, United States","This project involved the construction of a surficial (Quaternary) geologic map of part of McLean County, Illinois. The Saybrook 7.5-minute Quadrangle (scale 1:24,000) was the focus area. The quadrangle largely covers rural agricultural land, but also contains the small town of Saybrook. Multiple, major episodes of glaciation over the past 1,200,000 years have controlled the regional geologic history. The most recent (Wisconsin Episode) glaciation almost exclusively shaped the observed surficial geologic and geomorphic features in the quadrangle. Field observations, USDA soil survey data, private water well data, sparse stratigraphic borehole information, and LIDAR elevation data were used to construct the map. Computational methodologies included ACD Systems Canvas™ and Adobe Acrobat™ software. The surficial geologic map includes four lithostratigraphic units. In stratigraphic order (from oldest to youngest) are the Delavan Member, Tiskilwa Formation, Batestown Member, Lemont Formation, Henry Formation, and Cahokia Formation. © 2017 The Author(s).","Henry Formation; Illinois; Quaternary; Saybrook; Surficial geologic map; Wedron Group",,,,,,"U.S. Geological Survey, USGS: G15AC00207","This research was supported by a U.S. Geological Survey EDMAP Award No. G15AC00207 to Dr David Malone at Illinois State University.",,"Collman, R.D., Cochran, C.C., Werner, S.E., (2004) Soil Survey of Mclean County, p. 421. , http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MANUSCRIPTS/illinois/IL113/0/McLean_IL.pdf, Illinois: United States Department of Agriculture; Curry, B.B., Grimley, D.A., McKay, E.D., Quaternary glaciations in Illinois (2011) Quaternary Glaciations-Extent and Chronology a Closer Look. Developments in Quaternary Science, 15, pp. 467-487. , http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444534477000362, In J. Ehlers, P. L. Gibbard, & P. D. Hughes (Eds.), Amsterdam: Elsevier. Retrieved from; Hansel, A.K., Johnson, H.W., Wedron and Mason Groups: Lithostratigraphic reclassification of deposits of the Wisconsin Episode, Lake Michigan Lobe area: Illinois State Geological Survey (1996) Bulletin, 104, p. 116. , http://hdl.handle.net/2142/43938; Hansel, A.K., McKay, E.D., Quaternary period (2010) Geology of Illinois: Champaign, pp. 216-247. , In D. R. Kolata & C. Nimz (Eds.), IL, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois State Geological Survey, Urbana, IL: Illinois State Geological Survey; (2012) Illinois State Geological Survey, and Illinois Department of Transportation, 2012, , http://clearinghouse.isgs.illinois.edu/data/elevation/illinoisheight-modernization-ilhmp-LIDAR-data, Illinois Height Modernization Program (ILHMP), Illinois Height Modernization Program (ILHMP): LiDAR data: Illinois State Geological Survey. Retrieved May 10, 2016; Kempton, J.P., Johnson, W.H., Heigold, P.C., Cartwright, K., Mahomet Bedrock Valley in east-central Illinois; topography, glacial drift stratigraphy, and hydrogeology (1991) Geological Society of America Special Papers, 258, pp. 91-124; Kolata, D.R., (2005) Bedrock Geology of Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, , Illinois Map 14, scale 1:500,000; Leighton, M.M., Ekblaw, G.E., Horberg, L., (1948) Physiographic Divisions of Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, p. 19. , https://archive.org/details/physiographicdiv129leig, Report of Investigations 129; Lineback, J.A., The status of the Illinoian glacial stage (1979) Wisconsinan, Sangamonian, and Illinoian Stratigraphy in Central Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Guidebook, 13, pp. 69-78. , https://archive.org/details/wisconsinansanga1994foll, In L. R. Follmer, E. D. McKay, J. A. Lineback, & D. L. Gross (Eds.); Soller, D.R., Price, S.D., Kempton, J.P., Berg, R.C., (1999) Three-Dimensional Geologic Maps of Quaternary Sediments in East-Central Illinois: United States Geological Survey, , http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-2669/, Geologic Investigations Series Map I-2669, 3 sheets; Stiff, B.J., (2000) Surficial Deposits of Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, , http://isgs.illinois.edu/sites/isgs/files/maps/statewide/ofs2000-07.pdf, Open File Series 2000-7, scale 1:500,000. Retrieved from; Stumpf, A.J., (2014) Surficial Geology of Rantoul Quadrangle, , https://www.isgs.illinois.edu/sites/isgs/files/maps/isgs-quads/rantoul_sg_map2.pdf, Champaign County, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, USGS-STATEMAP contract report, 3 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Retrieved from; Stumpf, A.J., Atkinson, L.A., (2015) Geologic Cross Sections across the Mahomet Bedrock Valley, , http://isgs.illinois.edu/sites/isgs/files/maps/regional/mahomet_aquifer_cs_IMap19.pdf, Champaign, Ford, McLean, Piatt, and Vermilion Counties, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Map IMAP 19, scale 1:48,000; (2012) 20120808, USGS US Topo 7.5-Minute Map for Saybrook, , https://prd-tnm.s3.amazonaws.com/StagedProducts/Maps/USTopo/1/14710/5016784.pdf, United States Geological Survey (USGS), IL 2012: USGS-National Geospatial Technical Operations Center (NGTOC): Rolla, MO and Denver, CO; Willman, H.B., Frye, J.C., (1970) Pleistocene Stratigraphy of Illinois, 94, p. 204. , https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/43629, Illinois State Geological Survey. Bulletin","Malone, D.H.; Department of Geography-Geology, Campus Box 4400, United States; email: dhmalon@ilstu.edu",,,"Taylor and Francis Ltd.",,,,,17445647,,,,"English","J. Maps",Article,"Final","All Open Access, Gold, Green",Scopus,2-s2.0-85036534395
"Semendyaev S.V., Tsyganov A.A.","22939091700;57191955475;","Model and investigation of dynamics of solid system with two massive eccentrics on a rough plane",2016,"ECCOMAS Congress 2016 - Proceedings of the 7th European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering","3",,,"4572","4583",,4,"10.7712/100016.2132.8756","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84995520622&doi=10.7712%2f100016.2132.8756&partnerID=40&md5=1f13905acdb7258f0a56ca144e2bead5","Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700, Russian Federation","Semendyaev, S.V., Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700, Russian Federation; Tsyganov, A.A., Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700, Russian Federation","In this paper we investigate the solid system with internal rotating eccentrics as a movers. The system moves in plane with dry friction. Massive eccentrics rotating with variable angular velocity convert rotational motion into uneven translational. The motion is caused by inertia forces and friction between the system and the rough surface and occurs in short steps or slides. The equations of motion are derived under assumption of decreasing linear dependence of electric motor torque on angular velocity. We consider the motion of the platform and the pendulum, and then the resulting system is presented in a convenient form for numerical integration in Mat Lab. Runge-Kutta fourth-order method is used. Tracking of labels applied to the system is performed using time-lapse video and Adobe After Effects. The results of numerical integration of math model are presented and compared with experimental data obtained using a tracking program.","Dry friction; Internal movers; Mathematical modeling; Solid system; Tracking","Angular velocity; Computational methods; Equations of motion; Friction; Mathematical models; Rotation; Surface discharges; Tribology; Dry friction; Fourth-order method; Internal movers; Linear dependence; Numerical integrations; Rotational motion; Solid systems; Tracking program; Runge Kutta methods",,,,,"Russian Foundation for Basic Research, РФФИ: 14-01-00432","We thank PhD A.V. Sakharov and Professor A.P. Ivanov for a discussion of certain questions and cooperation. This research was supported by the basic part of a State grant in the sphere of scientific activity (No. 2014/120 ""Investigation of the regularities of the dynamics of systems with friction and the development of mobile robots without external motors"", (NIR No. 2583) and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (14-01-00432)).",,"Chernous'Ko, F.L., On a motion of a body containing a movable internal mass (2005) Doklady Physics, 50 (11), pp. 593-597; Bolotnik, N.N., Zeidis, I.M., Zimmermann, K., Yatsun, S.F., Dynamics of controlled motion of vibration-driven systems (2006) Journal of Computer and Systems Sciences International, 45 (5), pp. 831-840; Chernous'Ko, F.L., Analysis and optimization of the motion of a body controlled by a movable internal mass (2006) Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, 70 (6), pp. 819-842; Chernous'Ko, F.L., The optimal periodic motions of a two-mass system in a resistant medium (2008) Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, 72, pp. 116-125; Fang, H.B., Xu, J., Dynamic analysis and optimization of a three-phase control mode of a mobile system with an internal mass (2011) Journal of Vibration and Control, 17 (1), pp. 19-26; Bolotnik, N.N., Yu Figurina, T., Chernous'Ko, F.L., Optimal control of the rectilinear motion of a two-body system in a resistive medium (2012) Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, 76, pp. 1-14; Chernousko, F.L., Bolotnik, N.N., Yu Figurina, T., Optimal control of vibrationally excited locomotion systems (2013) Regular and Chaotic Dynamics, 18 (1-2), pp. 85-99; Bizyaev, I.A., Borisov, A.V., Mamaev, I.S., The dynamics of nonholonomic systems consisting of a spherical shell with a moving rigid body inside (2014) Regular and Chaotic Dynamics, 19 (2), pp. 198-213; Ivanov, A.P., On the impulsive dynamics of M-blocks (2014) Regular and Chaotic Dynamics, 19 (2), pp. 214-225; Karavaev, Yu.L., Kilin, A.A., The dynamics and control of a spherical robot with an internal omniwheel platform (2015) Regular and Chaotic Dynamics, 20 (2), pp. 134-152; Sakharov, A.V., Rotation of the body with movable internal masses around the center of mass on a rough plane (2015) Regular and Chaotic Dynamics, 20 (4), pp. 428-440; Sakharov, A.V., Rotation of a body with two movable internal masses on a rough plane (2015) Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, , (in press)",,"Papadopoulos V.Stefanou G.Plevris V.Papadrakakis M.","","National Technical University of Athens","7th European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering, ECCOMAS Congress 2016","5 June 2016 through 10 June 2016",,124195,,9786188284401,,,"English","ECCOMAS Congress - Proc. Euro. Congr. Comput. Methods Appl. Sci. Eng.",Conference Paper,"Final","",Scopus,2-s2.0-84995520622
"Damerji H., Yadav S., Sieffert Y., Vieux-Champagne F., Malecot Y.","57214782230;57201883051;6508182508;55933693600;6506759028;","Damage investigation of adobe walls using numerical simulations",2019,"COMPDYN Proceedings","3",,,"5008","5015",,3,"10.7712/120119.7284.19939","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85079099230&doi=10.7712%2f120119.7284.19939&partnerID=40&md5=456ba07c846257f33a2130bbcfd7da30","Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, 38000, France","Damerji, H., Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, 38000, France; Yadav, S., Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, 38000, France; Sieffert, Y., Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, 38000, France; Vieux-Champagne, F., Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, 38000, France; Malecot, Y., Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, 38000, France","Nowadays, traditional construction methods still widespread in developing countries despite the dominance of reinforced concrete structures in urban area. These traditional methods are generally based on the use of available local materials and old techniques characteristic of each region. Since, this kind of structure is poorly studied in the literature there is a strong need to better understand their mechanical behaviour in order to optimize their design.In this paper, the shear behaviour of an adobe wall, made of natural earth materials, is modeled using a simplified micro-modelling approach in order to investigate its behaviour under cyclic loading. The concrete damage plasticity model is used for the adobe modelling while interfaces between adobes are defined using cohesive and frictional elements. Then 2D numerical simulations are performed using Abaqus/Standard. The numerical model is first used to reproduce the experimental shear cyclic behaviour of a wall.The results show the different damage patterns while all numerical data were compared with the results of the experimental test. © 2019 The authors.","Abaqus; Adobe walls; Concrete damage plasticity; Simplified micro-modelling approach; Traditional construction; Vulnerability","ABAQUS; Computational methods; Developing countries; Engineering geology; Geophysics; Numerical models; Plasticity; Reinforced concrete; Structural dynamics; Adobe walls; Concrete damages; Simplified micro-modelling approach; Traditional constructions; Vulnerability; Earthquake engineering",,,,,,,,"Costa, A.G., Guedes, J., Varum, H., (2014) Structural Rehabilitation of Old Buildings Building Pathology and Rehabilitation, 2; Gomes, M.I., Lopes, M., de Brito, J., (2011) Seismic Resistance of Earth Construction in Portugal Engineering Structures, 33 (3), pp. 932-941; (2016) Abaqus/Standard Dassault Systems Simulia, , Corporation, Johnston, RI, USA; Lourenço, P.B., (1996) Computational Strategies for Masonry Structures, , PhD Thesis; Page, A.W., Finite element model for masonry (1985) New Analysis Techniques for Structural Masonry; Milani, G., 3D upper bound limit analysis of multi-leaf masonry walls (2008) International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 50 (4), pp. 817-836; Bolhassani, M., Hamid, A.A., Lau, A.C.W., Moon, F., Simplified micro modeling of partially grouted masonry assemblages (2015) Construction and Building Materials, 83, pp. 159-173; Stavridis, A., Shing, P.B., Finite-element modeling of nonlinear behavior of masonry-infilled RC frames (2010) Journal of Structural Engineering, 136 (3), pp. 285-296; Systems, D., (2013) Abaqus Analysis User’S Manual 6.13-3, RI2013, , Dassault Systems Providence: Waltham, MA,USA; Lubliner, J., Oliver, J., Oller, S., Onate, E., A plastic-damage model for concrete Int. J. Solid. Struct., 25 (3), pp. 299-326; Lee, J., Fenves, G.L., Plastic-damage model for cyclic loading of concrete structures (1998) Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 124 (8), pp. 892-900; Aranguren Rodriguez, J.D., (2017) Analyse Du Comportement Parasismique Des Murs En Maçonnerie De Terre Crue Renforcés Et Non-Renforcés Rapport De Stage, , INSA Toulouse, France; Agüera, N.D., Tornello, M.E., Frau, C.D., Structural response of unreinforced masonry walls (2016) Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 10 (2)",,"Papadrakakis M.Fragiadakis M.",,"National Technical University of Athens","7th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, COMPDYN 2019","24 June 2019 through 26 June 2019",,157145,26233347,9786188284456,,,"English","COMPDYN Proceedings",Conference Paper,"Final","",Scopus,2-s2.0-85079099230
"Noel M.F., Moreira S., Briceño C., López-Hurtado E., Aguilar R.","57193719313;57187929600;57188956306;56574310800;36719908000;","Seismic Assessment of the Church of San Sebastian in Cusco, Peru by Means of Pushover Nonlinear Analysis",2019,"RILEM Bookseries","18",,,"1462","1470",,3,"10.1007/978-3-319-99441-3_157","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85052335931&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-319-99441-3_157&partnerID=40&md5=afa1000307edff1ae440d5f728cf5c5d","Department of Civil Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú - PUCP, Lima, Peru; Faculty of Engineering, University of San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru; UNESCO Lima Office, Lima, Peru","Noel, M.F., Department of Civil Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú - PUCP, Lima, Peru; Moreira, S., Department of Civil Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú - PUCP, Lima, Peru; Briceño, C., Faculty of Engineering, University of San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru; López-Hurtado, E., UNESCO Lima Office, Lima, Peru; Aguilar, R., Department of Civil Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú - PUCP, Lima, Peru","The present paper seeks to evaluate the seismic performance of the San Sebastian church and its vulnerability to seismic events. This colonial temple dates back to the 16th century and is located in Cusco, Perú. The church stands out for being one of the first five Andean temples erected in the city of Cusco and also for being one of the most outstanding expressions of baroque art. Due to its artistic and cultural value, this church was declared National Cultural Heritage in 1972. Unfortunately, the periodic occurrence of seismic events and a fateful fire occurred in 2016 have endangered the survival of the structure and the safety of visitors. Aiming to evaluate the current situation of the church, this research developed a pathological identification through visual inspection and IR thermography as a non-destructive technique. A numerical analysis was also performed by means of a nonlinear pushover analysis that allowed estimating the evolution of the damage and the capacity of the structure in a seismic event. The results of the analysis showed that the main failure mechanisms of the structure would be the decoupling of the church front portion (towers and choir), generating concentrated damage in the arches that support the choir, as well as longitudinal cracks in the nave walls. The seismic capacity related to these failures is around 0.20 g, which is much lower than the recommended demand from the Peruvian code for the region of Cusco – 0.25 g – meaning that the church is highly vulnerable to seismic loads. © 2019, RILEM.","Adobe churches; IR thermography; Pushover analysis; Seismic vulnerability",,,,,,,,,"Clementi, F., Gazzani, V., Poiani, M., Assessment of seismic behaviour of heritage masonry buildings using numerical modelling (2016) Build Eng, 8, pp. 29-47. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2016.09.005; Castori, G., Borri, A., de Maria, A., Seismic vulnerability assessment of a monumental masonry building (2017) Eng Struct, 136, pp. 454-465. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.01.035; Ivancic, S., Briceño, C., Marques, R., Seismic assessment of the St. Peter Apostle Church of Andahuaylillas in Cusco, Peru (2014) 9Th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions Proceedings of the SAHC 2010, pp. 14-17. , Mexico; Paoletti, D., Ambrosini, D., Sfarra, S., Preventive thermographic diagnosis of historical buildings for consolidation (2013) Cult Herit, 14 (2), pp. 116-121. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2012.05.005; Grinzato, E., Bison, P.G., Marinetti, S., Monitoring of ancient buildings by the thermal method (2002) Cult Herit, 3 (1), pp. 21-29. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S1296-2074(02)01159-7; Aguilar, R., Briceño, C., Vargas, J., Structural diagnosis of heritage earthen buildings using IR thermography (2016) Proceedings of the SICEAS 2016 Seoul International Conference on Engineering and Applied Science, , Seoul; Potter, C., (2011) Seismic Analysis of a Typical Masonry Building from Barcelona’s Eixample District, (Master’s Thesis, Universitat Politècnica De Catalunya); Polo, M., (2016) Templo De San Sebastián, , Lima, Perú; Declararán duelo en distrito de San Sebastián por incendio en iglesia (2016) Consulted January, p. 2017. , http://www.andina.com.pe/AGENCIA/noticia-declararan-duelo-distrito-sansebastian-incendio-iglesia-631257.aspx; (2012) User’s Manual, p. 2014. , Oregon, USA; (2015) DIANA user’s Manual, , release 9.4.4. Netherlands; Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance – Part 1: General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings. British Standards Institution (2004) Approved by European Committee for Standardization (CEN)","Aguilar, R.; Department of Civil Engineering, Peru; email: raguilar@pucp.pe",,,"Springer Netherlands",,,,,22110844,,,,"English","RILEM Bookseries",Book Chapter,"Final","",Scopus,2-s2.0-85052335931
"Briceño C., Wang Y., Qiao Z., Dong Y., Perucchio R., Aguilar R.","57188956306;57188962662;57188955855;57188956576;7004670471;36719908000;","Seismic analysis of earthen churches: the triumphal arch at andahuaylillas, Peru",2015,"Civil-Comp Proceedings","108",,,"","",,3,,"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84964354499&partnerID=40&md5=fffea0ed95bc03c9f532ddf42185e2e7","Engineering Department, Civil Engineering Division, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú - PUCP, Peru; Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Rochester, United States","Briceño, C., Engineering Department, Civil Engineering Division, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú - PUCP, Peru; Wang, Y., Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Rochester, United States; Qiao, Z., Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Rochester, United States; Dong, Y., Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Rochester, United States; Perucchio, R., Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Rochester, United States; Aguilar, R., Engineering Department, Civil Engineering Division, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú - PUCP, Peru","The Saint Peter Apostle Church of Andahuaylillas, also known as the Sistine Chapel of Latin America for its magnificent paintings, is an important religious monument dating from the late 16th or early 17th century. This church is representative of a large number of adobe colonial churches in the Andes. Saint Peter Apostle of Andahuaylillas, considered a masterpiece for its historical, architectural and artistic features, was declared part of the Cultural Heritage of Peru in 2010. This paper presents a summary of the preliminary experimental work and numerical analysis that is being conducted for assessing the seismic vulnerability of the monument. The first part briefly discusses the structural pathologies found in the building and the results of the operational modal analysis tests performed to date. As a result of the current damaged state of the triumphal arch of the church, the second part of the study focuses on the assessment of the structural behaviour of the triumphal arch under in plane horizontal accelerations simulating earthquake conditions. Nonlinear finite element models of the triumphal arch, developed using ABAQUS/CAE Explicit and DIANA, are used to identify the critical accelerations leading to collapse and the related damage patterns, as well as to explore the effect of possible geometrical modifications intended to increase the structural capacity of the arch. In the ABAQUS/CAE Explicit models the identification of the collapse parameters is achieved by simulating quasi-static conditions up to complete structural collapse of the arch. © Civil-Comp Press,2015.","ABAQUS/CAE; Adobe masonry; Andahuaylillas; DIANA; Finite element; Nonlinear explicit analysis; Pushover analysis; Triumphal arch","ABAQUS; Finite element method; Modal analysis; Religious buildings; Seismology; Structural analysis; Adobe masonry; Andahuaylillas; DIANA; Nonlinear explicit analysis; Push-over analysis; Arches",,,,,,,,"Houben, H., Guillaud, H., Hall, B.B., (1994) Earth Construction: A Comprehensive Guide, , Intermediate Technology Publications, London, UK; Giuffre, A., Carocci, C., Vulnerability and mitigation in historical centers in seismic areas: Criteria for the formulation of a ""practice code (1996) Proc. of the 11th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, , Elsevier: Acapulco, Mexico; Binda, L., Saisi, A., State of the art of research on historic structures in Italy (2001) Research Report: Polytechnic of Milan, , Department of Structural Engineering, Milan, Italy; Mele, E., De Luca, A., Giordano, A., Modelling and analysis of a basilica under earthquake loading (2003) Journal of Cultural Heritage, 4 (4), pp. 355-367; De Luca, A., Giordano, A., Mele, E., A simplified procedure for assessing the seismic capacity of masonry arches (2004) Engineering Structures, 26 (13), pp. 1915-1929; (2015) Website of the Institutional Social Project in Andahuaylillas, , www.andahuaylillas.com; Castillo, M., Kuon, E., Aguirre, C., (2012) Saint Peter the Apostle of Andahuaylillas: Tour Guide, , Association Jesus Obrero, Cusco, Peru; Vargas, J., Aguilar, R., Gonzales, M., Briceño, C., Structural intervention in saint peter the apostle church of andahuaylillas in Cusco, Peru (2013) Proc. of the 13th Ibero-American Seminar on Earthen Architecture and Construction (XIII SIACOT), , Valparaiso, Chile; Aguilar, R., Ramos, L.F., Torrealva, D., Chácara, C., Experimental modal identification of an existent earthen residential building (2013) Proc. of the 5th International Operational Modal Analysis Conference (IOMAC 2013), , Guimaraes, Portugal; Aguilar, R., Sovero, K., Martel, C., Chácara, C., Boroschek, R., Advanced techniques for the seismic protection of existing heritage (2013) BiT la Revista Técnica de la Construcción, 90, pp. 58-61; Fonseca, F., D'Ayala, D., Seismic assessment and retrofitting of Peruvian earthen churches by means of numerical modelling (2012) Proc. of the 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, , Lisbon, Spain; DIANA, (2013) Displacement Method Analyser, , Version 9.4.4. TNO DIANA BV. Delft; Abaqus, C.A.E., (2013) Software for Finite Element Analysis Abaqus/Complete Abaqus Environment, , Version 6.12. Dassault Systémes. Vélizy-Villacoublay; Allemang, J.R., (2003) The Modal Assurance Criterion-twenty Years of Use and Abuse. Sound and Vibration, 37 (8), pp. 14-23; (2006) Reglamento de Edificaciones del Perú, Norma Técnica E.010: Madera, , NTE.010. "", "" (Peruvian design code for wood structures). SENCICO: Lima, Peru; Tarque, N., (2011) Numerical Modelling of the Seismic Behaviour of Adobe Buildings, , PhD. Thesis, Università degli Studi di Pavia: Pavia, Italy; Van Der Pluijm, R., (1999) Out of Plane Bending of Masonry: Behaviour and Strength, , PhD thesis, Eindhoven University of Technology: Eindhoven, Netherlands; Lourenço, P.B., Recent advances in masonry structures: Micromodelling and homogenization (2009) Multiscale Modeling in Solid Mechanics: Computational Approaches, pp. 251-294. , ed. U. Galvanetto & M.H. Ferri Aliabadi, Imperial College Press, London, UK",,,,"Civil-Comp Press",,,,,17593433,,,,"English","Civil-Comp Proc.",Conference Paper,"Final","",Scopus,2-s2.0-84964354499
"Ortega J., Vasconcelos G., Correia M., Rodrigues H., Lourenço P.B., Varum H.","56376170600;23399035000;56868212700;57220807327;7004615647;23135674700;","Evaluation of seismic vulnerability assessment parameters for Portuguese vernacular constructions with nonlinear numerical analysis",2015,"COMPDYN 2015 - 5th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering",,,,"2191","2205",,3,"10.7712/120115.3532.1351","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84942279083&doi=10.7712%2f120115.3532.1351&partnerID=40&md5=d6361c5ca9fb06e2699523e6002e1cf3","ISISE, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, Guimarães, 4800-058, Portugal; CI-ESG Research Centre, Escola Superior Gallaecia, Portugal; School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Portugal; Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Portugal","Ortega, J., ISISE, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, Guimarães, 4800-058, Portugal; Vasconcelos, G., ISISE, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, Guimarães, 4800-058, Portugal; Correia, M., CI-ESG Research Centre, Escola Superior Gallaecia, Portugal; Rodrigues, H., School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Portugal; Lourenço, P.B., ISISE, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, Guimarães, 4800-058, Portugal; Varum, H., Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Portugal","Considering that vernacular architecture may bear important lessons on hazard mitigation and that well-constructed examples showing traditional seismic resistant features can present far less vulnerability than expected, this study aims at understanding the resisting mechanisms and seismic behavior of vernacular buildings through detailed finite element modeling and nonlinear static (pushover) analysis. This paper focuses specifically on a type of vernacular rammed earth constructions found in the Portuguese region of Alentejo. Several rammed earth constructions found in the region were selected and studied in terms of dimensions, architectural layout, structural solutions, construction materials and detailing and, as a result, a reference model was built, which intends to be a simplified representative example of these constructions, gathering the most common characteristics. Different parameters that may affect the seismic response of this type of vernacular constructions have been identified and a numerical parametric study was defined aiming at evaluating and quantifying their influence in the seismic behavior of this type of vernacular buildings. This paper is part of an ongoing research which includes the development of a simplified methodology for assessing the seismic vulnerability of vernacular buildings, based on vulnerability index evaluation methods.","Finite element method; Numerical analysis; Parametric analysis; Rammed earth; Seismic vulnerability; Vernacular architecture","Architecture; Building materials; Computational methods; Engineering geology; Finite element method; Numerical analysis; Numerical methods; Seismic response; Structural analysis; Structural dynamics; Nonlinear numerical analysis; Numerical parametric studies; Parametric -analysis; Rammed earth; Seismic vulnerability; Structural solutions; Vernacular architecture; Vernacular buildings; Earthquake engineering",,,,,,,,"Correia, M., Carlos, G., Rocha, S., Lourenço, P.B., Vasconcelos, G., Varum, H., SEISMIC-V: Vernacular seismic culture in Portugal (2014) Vernacular Heritage and Earthen Architecture: Contributions for Sustainable Development, pp. 663-668. , M. Correia, G. Carlos, S. Rocha eds Taylor & Francis Group, London, U.K; Ferrigni, F., (1990) S. Lorenzello, à la Recherché des Anomalies Qui Protégent, , Conseil de l'Europe et Centre Universitaire Européen pour les Biens Culturels, Ravello, Italy; Correia, M., Merten, J., (2001) Preliminary Report of the Local Seismic Culture in Portugal, , Taversism Project - Atlas of Local Seismic Cultures, EUCCH, Ravello Italy; Moreira, V.J., Sismicidade Histórica de Portugal Continental (1984) Revista do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia e Geofísica, , Março; Mascarenhas, J.M.D., Pombalina, B., Algumas Inovações Técnicas (1994) 2° Encontro Sobre Conservação e Reabilitação de Edifícios, , LNEC, Lisboa, Portugal; (1988) Arquitectura Popular Em Portugal, 3a Edição, , A.A.P. 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Earthquake Eng., 10 (1), pp. 27-44; Correia, M., Metodología Desarrollada para la Identificación en Portugal de Arquitectura Local Sismo Resistente (2005) SismoAdobe2005, Seminario Internacional de Arquitectura, Construcción y Conservación de Edificaciones de Tierra en Áreas Sísmicas, , Lima, Perú; Fernandes, J., Mateus, R., Energy efficiency principles in Portuguese vernacular architecture (2012) International Conference BSA 2012, , Porto, Portugal; Degg, M.R., Homan, J., Earthquake vulnerability in the middle east (2005) Geography, 90 (1), pp. 54-66; Halvorson, S.J., Hamilton, J.P., Vulnerability and the erosion of seismic culture in mountainous central Asia (2007) Mountain Research and Development, 27 (4), pp. 322-330; Vicente, R., Parodi, S., Lagomarsino, S., Varum, H., Silva, J.R.M., Seismic vulnerability and risk assessment: Case study of the historic city centre of Coimbra, Portugal (2011) Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 9 (4), pp. 1067-1096; Calvi, G.M., Pinho, R., Magenes, G., Bommer, J.J., Restrepo-Vélez, L.F., Crowley, H., Development of seismic vulnerability assessment methodologies over the past 30 years (2006) ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology, 43 (472), pp. 75-104; Benedetti, D., Petrini, V., Sulla vulnerabilità di edifici in muratura: Proposta di un método di valutazione (1984) L'Industria delle Costruzioni, 149 (1), pp. 66-74; GNDT, (1994) Scheda di Esposizione e Vulnerabilità e di Rilevamento Danni di Primo Livello e Secondo Livello (muratura e Cemento Armato), , Gruppo Nazionale per la Difesa dai Terremoti (GNDT), Roma, Italia; Ferreira, T.M., Vicente, R., Silva, J.R.M., Varum, H., Costa, A., Seismic vulnerability assessment of historical urban centres: Case study of the old city centre in seixal, Portugal (2013) Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 11 (5), pp. 1753-1773; Correia, M., (2007) Taipa no Alentejo, , Argumentum, Lisboa, Portugal; Minke, G., (2001) Manual de Construcción para Viviendas Antisísmicas, 2a Edición, , Universidad de Kassel, Alemania; Blondet, M., Villa García, M.G., Brzev, S., Rubiños, A., (2011) Earthquake-Resistant Construction of Adobe Buildings: A Tutorial, , Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI); Bothara, J., Brzev, S., (2012) A Tutorial: Improving the Seismic Performance of Stone Masonry Buildings, , Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI); Bui, Q.-B., Morel, J.-C., Hans, S., Meunier, N., Compression behavior of non-industrial materials in civil engineering by three scale experiments: The case of rammed earth (2008) Materials and Structures, 42 (8), pp. 1101-1116; Jaquin, P.A., (2008) Analysis of Historic Rammed Earth Construction, , Ph.D. Thesis, Durham University, U.K; Braga, A.M., Estêvão, J.M.C., Os sismos e a construção em taipa no Algarve (2010) Sísmica 2010 -8° Congresso de Sismologia e Engenharia Sísmica, , Aveiro, Portugal; Gomes, M.I., Lopes, M., De Brito, J., Seismic resistance of earth construction in Portugal (2011) Engineering Structures, 33 (3), pp. 932-941; Angulo-Ibáñez, Q., Mas-Tomas, A., Galvañ-Llopis, V., Montesinos, J.L., Traditional braces of earth constructions (2012) Construction and Building Materials, 30, pp. 389-399; Gallego, R., Arto, I., Evaluation of seismic behavior of rammed earth structures (2014) Versus2014, International Conference on Vernacular Heritage, Sustainability and Earthen Architecture, , Mileto, Vegas, García-Soriano, Cristini eds Taylor & Francis Group, London, U.K; Miccoli, L., Oliveira, D.V., Silva, R., Müller, U., Schueremans, L., Static behaviour of rammed earth: Experimental testing and finite element modelling (2014) Materials and Structures; TNO, (2009) DIsplacement Method ANAlyser (DIANA), , User's manual, Release 9.4., Netherlands; (2009) Circolare del Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Transporti 2 Febbraio 2009, N. 617. Istruzioni per l'Applicazione delle Nuove Norme Tecniche per le Costruzioni di Cui al Decreto Ministeriale 14 Gennaio 2008, , NTC08 Ordinario n. 27 alla G.U. n. 47 del 26-02-2009; Lourenço, P.B., Recent advances in masonry structures: Micromodelling and homogeneization (2009) Multiscale Modeling in Solid Mechanics: Computational Approaches, pp. 251-294. , U. Galvanetto, M.H. Ferri Aliabadi eds Imperial College Press, London, U.K; Lourenço, P.B., Mendes, N., Ramos, L.F., Oliveira, D.V., On the analysis of masonry structures without box behavior (2011) International Journal of Architectural Heritage: Conservation, Analysis, and Restoration, 5 (4), pp. 369-382",,"Papadrakakis M.Papadopoulos V.Plevris V.",,"National Technical University of Athens","5th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, COMPDYN 2015","25 May 2015 through 27 May 2015",,113952,,,,,"English","COMPDYN - ECCOMAS Themat. Conf. Comput. Methods Struct. Dyn. Earthq. Eng.",Conference Paper,"Final","All Open Access, Bronze, Green",Scopus,2-s2.0-84942279083
"Sen B., Saha R.","56195617400;56373674800;","Experimental and numerical investigation of mechanical strength characteristics of natural fiber retrofitted rammed earth walls",2022,"Geotextiles and Geomembranes","50","5",,"970","993",,2,"10.1016/j.geotexmem.2022.06.004","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85133883731&doi=10.1016%2fj.geotexmem.2022.06.004&partnerID=40&md5=858e057f000ee5b0d6265dd475d96e3d","Civil Engineering Department, ICFAI University Tripura, Mohanpur, wTripura  799210, India; Civil Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology AgartalaTripura, India","Sen, B., Civil Engineering Department, ICFAI University Tripura, Mohanpur, wTripura  799210, India; Saha, R., Civil Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology AgartalaTripura, India","Unreinforced earthen houses offer manifold environmental and economic advantages. However, such houses are inadmissible in today's era due to their poor performance during earthquakes. Recent Jan 3, 2017 moderate Tripura earthquake (Mw=5.7) has evidenced a sizable stock of damages to non-engineered adobe/rammed earth houses which primarily act as the motivation behind the present study. In this context, the present study is an attempt to propose a novel seismic encasing retrofitting technique by providing natural and artificial fiber with a key focus on the economy, sustainability, and utilizing locally available material. In this regard, static mechanical strength characteristics (i.e., shear, compressive and flexural strength) of unreinforced and retrofitted rammed earth wall units are investigated through model-scale experiments in the laboratory considering parametric variations as well as numerical analysis of prototype wall. Further, multiple linear regression analysis is performed to develop empirical relationships for predicting shear and compressive strength of retrofitted rammed earth walls. The study highlights the significant improvement in mechanical strength of retrofitted rammed earth walls by treated natural fiber retrofitting strips as well as artificial waste PP strips. Besides, the sanctity of proposed regression-based empirical equations is well verified through a numerical case study on a prototype rammed earth wall. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd","ANOVA; Bitumen; Natural fibers; Numerical analysis; Rammed earth; UTM","Compressive strength; Earthquakes; Houses; Linear regression; Natural fibers; Numerical analysis; Retaining walls; Sustainable development; Walls (structural partitions); Bitumen; Economic advantages; Experimental investigations; Mechanical; Numerical investigations; Poor performance; Rammed earth; Rammed earth walls; Strength characteristics; UTM; Retrofitting; bitumen; earthquake; earthquake event; earthquake magnitude; empirical analysis; experimental study; laboratory method; sustainability",,,,,,"The authors acknowledge the ICFAI University Tripura for allowing the use of the Universal Testing Machine present in the Civil Engineering laboratory. 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Blume Earthquake Engineering Center, Department of Civil Engineering, Stanford University Palo Alto, CA Center Report 91; Torrealva, D., Acero, J., (2005) Reinforcing Adobe Buildings with Exterior Compatible Mesh, the Final Solution against the Seismic Vulnerability, 2005. , Sismo Adobe Lima, Peru; Touze-Foltz, N., Farcas, F., Long-term performance and binder chemical structure evolution of elastomeric bituminous geomembranes (2017) Geotext. Geomembranes, 45 (2), pp. 121-130; Tripura, D.D., Gupta, S., Debbarma, B., Deep, R.S.S., Flexural strength and failure trend of bamboo and coir reinforced cement stabilized rammed earth wallettes (2020) Construct. Build. Mater., 242; Tripura, D.D., Singh, K.D., Characteristic properties of cement-stabilized rammed earth blocks (2015) J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 27; Walker, P.J., Strength and erosion characteristics of earth blocks and earth block masonry (2004) J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 16, pp. 497-506; Wetzel, M.A., Wiegmann, M., Koop, H.E., J, The ecological potential of geotextiles in hydraulic engineering (2011) Geotext. Geomembranes, 29 (4), pp. 440-446. , 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2010.12.004"" \t “_blank” \o ""Persistent link using digital object identifier; Yamín, L., Phillips, C., Reyes, J., Ruiz, D., Estudios de vulnerabilidad sísmica, rehabilitación y refuerzo de casas en adobe y tapiapisada (2007) Rev. Rev. Interam., 20, pp. 286-303; Zegarra, L., Quiun, D., San Bartolome, A., Giesecke, A., Reinforcement of existing adobe dwellings 2nd part: seismic test of modules (1997) Spanish. XI National Congress on Civil Engineering. Trujillo, Peru; Methods for Testing Tar and Bituminous Materials (1978), Bureau of Indian Standards New Delhi, India","Saha, R.; Civil Engineering Department, India; email: rajib.iitbbsr@gmail.com",,,"Elsevier Ltd",,,,,02661144,,,,"English","Geotext. Geomembr.",Article,"Final","",Scopus,2-s2.0-85133883731
"Sen B., Saha A., Saha R.","56195617400;57221478562;56373674800;","Experimental investigation on assessment of lateral strength of earthen wall blocks in adobe houses",2021,"Asian Journal of Civil Engineering","22","4",,"727","749",,2,"10.1007/s42107-020-00343-y","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099214134&doi=10.1007%2fs42107-020-00343-y&partnerID=40&md5=0465c0ece024a8013dfd8e0c6c4d1618","Civil Engineering Department, ICFAI University Tripura, Mohanpur, Tripura (w)  799210, India; National Institute of Technology Agartala, Agartala, Tripura (w), India; Civil Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Agartala, Tripura (w)  799046, India","Sen, B., Civil Engineering Department, ICFAI University Tripura, Mohanpur, Tripura (w)  799210, India; Saha, A., National Institute of Technology Agartala, Agartala, Tripura (w), India; Saha, R., Civil Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Agartala, Tripura (w)  799046, India","Earthen houses are recognized to be the preferred choice of living for lower economic groups of people in most of the developing and underdeveloped countries. The reason behind this involves several factors such as ease of availability of local materials, economic and environmental-friendly construction, simplified construction methodology, and comfort of living during various weathered condition, etc. Though such houses are built of green material with a low carbon footprint, they are highly vulnerable to natural calamities such as cyclones, storms, floods, and specifically earthquakes. Most of the failures were experienced in unreinforced load-bearing earthen walls during past major earthquakes. In this context, the present study is an endeavor to investigate the influence of locally available reinforcing materials such as jute, lime, cement, and bamboo, respectively on the shear strength response of model soil blocks. Both experimental and numerical large scaled direct shear tests are performed to estimate the approximate shear strength response of unreinforced and reinforced soil blocks. Results confirm the better performance of the bamboo reinforced soil model relative to the other reinforcing materials. Further, a unidirectional shake table test is also performed on model scaled unreinforced and bamboo reinforced earthen houses to verify the improvement observed in the direct shear tests. A similar observation in terms of enhancement in stress resistance for bamboo reinforced model is noticed. Finally, the nonlinear dynamic analysis of prototype unreinforced and bamboo reinforced mud walls using ABAQUS/CAE 6.08 (2008) is also performed which offers reasonably good support to the shake table results. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG part of Springer Nature.","Bamboo; Direct shear test; Earthen houses; Finite element model; Mud blocks; Numerical analysis; Shake table",,,,,,,,,"(2002) ASTM E 519-02, , Standard Test Method for Diagonal Tension (Shear) in Masonry Assemblages. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA; Astroza, M., Ruiz, S., Astroza, R., Damage assessment and seismic intensity analysis of the 2010 (M 8.8) Maule earthquake (2012) Earthquake Spectra, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, 28, pp. 145-164; Blondet, M., Torrelva, D.&., Garcia, G., Adobe in Peru: Tradition, Research and Future. Modern Earth Building (2002) International Conference and Fair, , Berlin, Germany; Blondet, M., Garcia, G.V.M., Adobe Construction (2003) WHE Housing Report, , Catholic university, Peru; Blondet, M., Vargas, J., Torrealva, D., Tarque, N., Velasquez, J., Seismic Reinforcement of Adobe Houses Using External Polymer Mesh (2006) First European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, pp. 3-8; Blondet, M., Aguila, R., Seismic protection of earthen buildings (2007) Conferenciainternacional En IngenieriaSísmica. Lima-Perú, 20, p. 2007. , 21 y 22 de agostodel; Chaudhuri, C., Chanda, D., Saha, R., Haldar, S., Three-dimensional numerical analysis on seismic behavior of soil-piled raft structure system (2020) Structures, pp. 905-922. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2020.09.024; Charleson, A., Blondet, M., Seismic reinforcement for adobe houses using straps cut from used car tires (2012) Earthquake Spectra, 28 (2), pp. 511-531; de Sensi, B., Terracruda, la diffusionedell’architettura di terra (Soil (2003) The Dissemination of Earth Architecture, , www.terracruda.com/architetturadiffusione.htm; Dowling, D., Improved adobe mud brick in application—child-care Centre construction in El Salvador (2004) 13Th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Vancouver, p. 705. , Canada August 1–6, Paper No; Dowling, D., Samali, B., Li, J., (2005) An improved means of reinforcing adobe walls: External vertical reinforcement, , Sismo Adobe, Lima, Peru; Gao, Z.N., Yang, X.D., Tao, Z., Chen, Z.S., Jiao, C.J., Experimental study of rammed-earth wall with bamboo cane under monotonic horizontal-load (2009) Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology (Science and Technology), 2, p. 15; Ibanez, Q.A., Performance Analysis of Wooden Reinforcement in Rammed Earth Walls (2017) PeriodicaPolytechnica Civil Engineering, 61 (4), pp. 882-888; (1970) Classification and Identification of Soils for General Engineering Purposes, , New Delhi, India, Bureau of Indian Standards; Method of Test for Soil – Determination of Specific Gravity., p. 1980. , New Delhi, India, Bureau of Indian Standards; (1985) Method of Test for Soil: Grain Size Analysis, , . Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India; (1985) Method of Test for Soil: Determination of Liquid Limit and Plastic Limit., , Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India; (1980) Method of Test for Soil: Determination of Water Content-Dry Density Relation Using Light Compaction, , . Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India; Method of Test for Soil: Direct Shear Test, p. 1986. , Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India; (1993) Indian Standard Criteria for Improving Earthquake Resistance of Earthen Buildings-Guidelines, , Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India; (2016) Indian Standard Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures, , Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India; (1959) Method of Tests for Strength of Concrete, , Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India; Kayal, J.R., Seismicity of Northeast India and surroundings: Development over the past 100 years (1998) Journal of Geophysics, 19 (1), pp. 9-34; Kumar, A., Rural Mud House with Pitched Roof. World Housing Encyclopedia, A Resource on Construction in Earthquake Regions (2002) An Initiative of Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) and International Association for Earthquake Engineering (IAEE) Report, 23 (India); Maheri, M.R., Naeim, F., Mehrain, M., Performance of Adobe Residential Buildings in the 2003 Bam, Iran, Earthquake (2005) Earthquake Spectra, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, 21 (S1), pp. 337-344; Nabouch, R., Bui, Q.B., Perrotin, P., Ple, O., Shear parameters of rammed earth material: Results from different approaches. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering (2018) Hindawi, 2018. , 8214604; (1998) 4297, , Wellington, Standards New Zealand; Oldham, R.D., General report—The earthquake of the 19th June 1897 (1898) Asiat. Misc, 2, pp. 16-18; Rewatkar, P.S., Rajurkar, V.J., Experimental study of effect of industrial waste for rammed earth construction (2018) International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9 (2), pp. 428-435; Roy, R., Dutta, S.C., Inelastic seismic demand of low-rise buildings with soil-flexibility (2010) International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics, 45 (4), pp. 419-432; Ruiz, D., Silva, M., Cerón, L., López, C., Seismic performance of rammed earth town halls reinforced with confinement wooden elements (2017) Revista Ingeniería de Construcción, 32 (2), p. 1; Saha, R., Debnath, R., Dash, S., Haldar, S., Engineering reconnaissance following the magnitude 5.7 Tripura earthquake on january 3, 2017 (2020) Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 34 (4), p. 04020052; Sarma, P.K., Sangma, S., Tripura, D.D., Comparison of mechanical behaviour of Rammed earth and cob prism stabilised with coconut fibre (2016) National Level Conference on Engineering Problems and Application of Mathematics, p. 2016; Sitharam, T.G., Sil, A., Comprehensive seismic hazard assessment of Tripura & Mizoram states (2014) Journal of Earth System Science, Springer, 123 (4), pp. 837-857; Tetley, R., Madabhushi, G., Vulnerability of adobe buildings under Earthquake Loading (2007) 4Th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering, p. 1244. , 2007, Paper No; Tripura, D.D., Singh, K.D., Mechanical behaviour of rammed earth column: A comparison between unreinforced, steel and bamboo reinforced columns (2018) Materiales de ConstruCión, 68 (332), pp. 0465-2746; Turanli, L., (1985) Evaluation of Some Physical and Mechanical Properties of Plain and Stabilized Adobe Blocks, , M.S. Thesis, Department of civil engineering. Ankara: Middle East Technical University; Turanli, L., Saritas, A., Strengthening the structural behavior of adobe walls through the use of plaster reinforcement mesh (2011) Construction and Building Materials, 25 (4), pp. 1747-1752; Wang, Y., Wang, M., Liu, K., Experimental study of the seismic performance of different earth walls and their seismic retrofitting with Externally Bonded Fibers (2019) Journal of Earthquake Engineering; Zegarra, L., Quiun, D., San Bartlomé, A., Gisecke, A., (1997) Reforzamiento De Viviendas De Adobe Existentes. 1Era Parte: EnsayosSísmicos De Muros ‘U’ (Reinforcement of Existing Adobe Houses. 1St Part: Seismic Tests of “U” Shaped Walls). Summary of a Research Project Sponsored by CERESIS-GTZ-PUCP, p. XI. , CONIC, Trujillo, Perú","Saha, R.; Civil Engineering Department, India; email: rajib.iitbbsr@gmail.com",,,"Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH",,,,,15630854,,,,"English","Asian J. Civ. Eng.",Article,"Final","",Scopus,2-s2.0-85099214134
"Cividini A.","7003857686;","Geomechanical characterization of some adobe materials",2017,"Procedia Structural Integrity","5",,,"1072","1077",,2,"10.1016/j.prostr.2017.07.079","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85065777527&doi=10.1016%2fj.prostr.2017.07.079&partnerID=40&md5=c6552aa702276a518df502456237604f","Department of Architecture, Built Environment and Construction Engineering (ABC), Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan, 20133, Italy","Cividini, A., Department of Architecture, Built Environment and Construction Engineering (ABC), Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan, 20133, Italy","The influence of the material properties in the physical and numerical modelling of historical buildings suggests identifying proper laboratory procedures for their mechanical characterization. In the following some aspects are discussed of the geotechnical laboratory tests suitable for the characterization of some adobe materials used in historical heritage. Apart from the conventional identification and classification procedures, the direct shear and the uniaxial compression tests are considered. The study intends to provide additional experimental information that could be used in subsequent studies for the development of constitutive laws applicable in the numerical analysis aimed, for instance, at comparing the effectiveness of various alternative solutions applicable in the field for the restoration of buildings that characterize monument sites. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","adobe; direct shear tests; fiber influence; geotechnical investigation",,,,,,,"The study was supported by the Ministry of University of the Italian Government. Tests were carried out at the Geotechnical Laboratory (Politecnico di Milano). The valuable assistance of E. Iscandri is gratefully acknowledged.",,"(2006) Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System), , ASTM D2487; (2004) Standard Test Method for Direct Shear Tests of Soils under Consolidated Drained Conditions, , ASTM D3080; (1990) British Standard Institution. Methods of Tests for Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes, Part 7: Shear Strength Tests (Total Stress), , BS 1377-7; Chaimoon, K., Attard, M.M., Modeling of unreinforced masonry walls under shear and compression (2007) Engineering Structures; Cividini, A., (1999) Influence of the Testing Conditions on the Mechanical Characterization of A Soft Volcanic Rock. Proc. 9th ICRM, Paris, , Rotterdam: Balkema; Cividini, A., Numerical analysis in the interpretation of plane strain compression tests (KeyNote Lecture) (2005) Proc. 11th Intern. Conference on Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics, Turin (Italy), ISBN, pp. 309-322. , 88555281224; Cividini, A., Gioda, G., Anzani, A., Strain softening effects in the stability analysis of geotechnical problems (1993) Proc. 2nd Asian-Pacific Conf. on Computational Mechanics, Sydney, pp. 373-379; Cividini, A., Gioda, G., Sterpi, D., A numerical analysis of some structural and geotechnical problems observed at Vat Phu monument site (1998) Proc. 4th European Conference on Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering, , Udine (Italy); Cividini, A., Tardini, C., Zenti, C.L., Characterization of some materials used at historic sites (2014) Proc. 2nd International Conference on Protection of Historical Constructions, pp. 883-888. , (F.M. Mazzolani, G. Altay Eds), Antalya, Turkey, 7-9 May, Istanbul: Bogazici University Publishing; Desai, C.S., Sarma, K.G., Wathugala, G.W., Rigby, D.B., Implementation of hierarchical single surface δo and δ1 models in finite element procedure (1991) Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods in Geomechanics, 15, pp. 649-680; Liberatore, D., Spera, G., Mucciarelli, M., Gallipoli, M.R., Santarsiero, D., Tancredi, C., Masini, N., Tedeschi, C., Typological and experimental investigation on the adobe buildings of Aliano (Basilicata, Italy) (2006) Proc. 5th Int. Conf. on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions, pp. 851-858. , (P.B. Lourenço, P. Roca, C. Modena, S. Agrawal Eds.), New Delhi (India), Macmillan India Ltd; Readle, D., Coghlan, S., Smith, J.C., Corbin, A., Augarde, C.E., Fibre reinforcement in earthen construction materials (2016) DOI: 10.1680/jcoma.15.00039; Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Construction Materials, 169 (5), pp. 252-260; Shieh-Beygi, B., Pietruszczak, S., Numerical analysis of structural masonry: Mesoscale approach (2008) Computers and Structures. 1958:1973; Silveira, D., Varum, H., Costa, A., Martins, T., Pereira, H., Almeida, J., Mechanical properties of adobe bricks in ancient constructions (2012) Construction and Building Materials, 28, pp. 36-44; Tatsuoka, F., Sato, T., Park, C.S., Kim, Y.S., Measurements of elastic properties of soils and soft rocks in monotonic loading compression tests (1994) ASTM Geotech. Testing Journal, 17, pp. 80-94; Whitlow, R., (1988) Basic Soil Mechanics, , Longman Scientific & Technical, UK","Cividini, A.; Department of Architecture, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Italy; email: annamaria.cividini@polimi.it",,,"Elsevier B.V.",,,,,24523216,,,,"English","Proc. Struc. Inte.",Conference Paper,"Final","All Open Access, Gold, Green",Scopus,2-s2.0-85065777527
"Barros R.S., Costa A., Varum H., Rodrigues H., Lourenço P.B., Vasconcelos G.","55915936000;16400960500;23135674700;57220807327;7004615647;23399035000;","Seismic behaviour analysis and retrofitting of a row building",2015,"Seismic Retrofitting: Learning from Vernacular Architecture - Vernacular Seismic Culture in Portugal Research Project Funded under the National Research Agency FCT, SEISMIC-V 2013",,,,"213","218",,2,"10.1201/b18856-45","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84973102951&doi=10.1201%2fb18856-45&partnerID=40&md5=c225e5be81dc9e7641d0a5759b350560","RISCO -Department of Civil Engineering, University of Aveiro, Portugal; CONSTRUCT-LESE, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Portugal; RISCO -School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Portugal; ISISE, Faculty of Engineering, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal","Barros, R.S., RISCO -Department of Civil Engineering, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Costa, A., RISCO -Department of Civil Engineering, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Varum, H., CONSTRUCT-LESE, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Portugal; Rodrigues, H., RISCO -School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Portugal; Lourenço, P.B., ISISE, Faculty of Engineering, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal; Vasconcelos, G., ISISE, Faculty of Engineering, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal","Rammed earth is one of the oldest building materials in the world, and it is present in Portugal with a particular focus in the South of the country. The mechanical properties and the structural behaviour of rammed earth constructions have been the subject of study of many researchers in the recent years. This study is part of a broader research on vernacular seismic culture in Portugal. Numerical analyses were carried out to assess the influence of different retrofitting solutions in the behaviour and seismic performance of a rammed earth building, representative of the vernacular heritage of Alentejo region. Understating the structural fragilities of this type of constructions allowed determining the most appropriate retrofitting solutions. © 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, London.",,"Retrofitting; Portugal; Rammed earth; Rammed earth buildings; Row buildings; Seismic behaviour; Seismic Performance; Structural behaviour; Seismic response",,,,,"2B06052, LC535","Acknowledgment. This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Czech Rep. (Projects No. MSM0021622419, No. LC535 and No. 2B06052).",,"Correia, M., (2007) Rammed Earth in Alentejo, , Lisboa: Argumentum; Gallego, R., Arto, I., Evaluation of seismic behavior of rammed earth structures (2015) Earth Architecture: Past, Present and Future, pp. 151-156. , C. Mileto, F. Vegas, L. García Soriono & V. Cristini, London: Taylor & Francis Group; Gomes, M.I., Lopes, M., Brito, J., Seismic resistance of earth construction in Portugal (2011) Engineering Structures, 33 (3), pp. 932-941; Limón, T.G., Burego, M.A., Gómez, A.C., (1998) Study of the Materials from the Factories in the Tower of the Alhambra Comares, , Alhambra: CEDEX; Miccoli, L., Oliveira, D.V., Silva, R.A., Muller, U., Schueremans, L., (2014) Static Behaviour of Rammed Earth -Experimental Testing and Finite Element Modeling. Materials and Structures; Midas, F., (2014) Manual Midas FEA, , London: MIDAS; Reis, A.C., Farinha, M.B., Farinha, J.P.B., (2005) Tabelas Técnicas, , Lisboa: Edições técnicas E.T.L., Lda; Vicente, R., Rodrigues, H., Varum, H., Mendes Da Silva, J., Evaluation of Strengthening Techniques of Traditional Masonry Buildings: Case Study of a Four-Building Aggregate (2011) J. Perform. Constr. Facil., 25 (3), pp. 202-216",,"Correia M.R.Lourenco P.B.Varum H.",,"CRC Press/Balkema","International Conference on Vernacular Seismic Culture in Portugal Research Project Funded under the National Research Agency FCT, SEISMIC-V 2013",,,159919,,9781138028920,,,"English","Seismic Retrofit. Learn. Vernac. Archit. Vernac. Seismic Cult. Port. Res. Proj. Funded under Natl. Res. Agency FCT, SEISMIC-V",Conference Paper,"Final","All Open Access, Green",Scopus,2-s2.0-84973102951
"Lang R., Seker S., Zhao Q., Kurum M., Ogut M., O'Neill P., Cosh M.H.","57203616353;7005822795;56325093100;8265114500;57757554100;7201735461;6603017725;","L-band radar backscattering from a mature corn canopy: Effect of cobs",2014,"2014 United States National Committee of URSI National Radio Science Meeting, USNC-URSI NRSM 2014",,,"6928036","","",,2,"10.1109/USNC-URSI-NRSM.2014.6928036","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84911469215&doi=10.1109%2fUSNC-URSI-NRSM.2014.6928036&partnerID=40&md5=6edd0c51b0b8182365e753351b556cc6","Dep. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC  20052, United States; Information Technologies Institute, TUBITAK-BILGEM, Gebze, Kocaeli, 41470, Turkey; Hydrological Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD  20771, United States; Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD  20105, United States","Lang, R., Dep. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC  20052, United States; Seker, S., Dep. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC  20052, United States; Zhao, Q., Dep. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC  20052, United States; Kurum, M., Information Technologies Institute, TUBITAK-BILGEM, Gebze, Kocaeli, 41470, Turkey; Ogut, M., Dep. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC  20052, United States; O'Neill, P., Hydrological Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD  20771, United States; Cosh, M.H., Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD  20105, United States","The effect of cobs on radar backscatter from a mature corn canopy is considered. In the past, a number of papers have modeled the backscattering properties of corn plants when the cobs are not present. It has been shown by O'Neill et al. [1] that the cob can constitute as much as one third of the total biomass of a mature corn plant. The position of the cob close to the stalk and the lack of knowledge of its dielectric properties make it difficult to model. These difficulties have been overcome with the aid of advanced numerical analysis tools and new biophysical measurements of the corn. © 2014 IEEE.",,"Dielectric properties; Plants (botany); Radar; Corn canopy; Corn plant; L band radars; Measurements of; Radar backscatter; Total biomass; Backscattering",,,,,,,,"O'Neill, P.E., Joseph, A., De Lannoy, G., Lang, R.H., Utku, C., Kim, E., Houser, P., Gish, T., Soil moisture retrieval through changing corn using active / passive microwave remote sensing (2003) Proc of the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 1, pp. 407-409","Lang, R.; Dep. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, United States",,,"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.","2014 United States National Committee of URSI National Radio Science Meeting, USNC-URSI NRSM 2014","8 January 2014 through 11 January 2014",,108713,,9781479931200,,,"English","United States Nat. Comm. URSI Nat. Radio Sci. Meet., USNC-URSI NRSM",Conference Paper,"Final","",Scopus,2-s2.0-84911469215
"Simou S., Baba K., Akkouri N., Lamrani M., Tajayout M., Nounah A.","57215066345;57803630600;57215061466;57194780378;57215059481;13204894900;","Mechanical Characterization of the Adobe Material of the Archaeological Site of Chellah",2020,"Sustainable Civil Infrastructures",,,,"118","130",,1,"10.1007/978-3-030-34199-2_8","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102311776&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-030-34199-2_8&partnerID=40&md5=a711a43a0d019289fd2591385fe91235","Civil Engineering and Environment Laboratory, High School of Technology, Sale, Civil Engineering, Water, Environment and Geosciences Centre (CICEEG), Mohammadia School of Engineering, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco; Civil Engineering and Environment Laboratory, High School of Technology, Sale, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco","Simou, S., Civil Engineering and Environment Laboratory, High School of Technology, Sale, Civil Engineering, Water, Environment and Geosciences Centre (CICEEG), Mohammadia School of Engineering, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco; Baba, K., Civil Engineering and Environment Laboratory, High School of Technology, Sale, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco; Akkouri, N., Civil Engineering and Environment Laboratory, High School of Technology, Sale, Civil Engineering, Water, Environment and Geosciences Centre (CICEEG), Mohammadia School of Engineering, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco; Lamrani, M., Civil Engineering and Environment Laboratory, High School of Technology, Sale, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco; Tajayout, M., Civil Engineering and Environment Laboratory, High School of Technology, Sale, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco; Nounah, A., Civil Engineering and Environment Laboratory, High School of Technology, Sale, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco","Monuments and historical remains built of raw earth show that this material can persist for centuries. As with the cultural and historical heritage of the city of Rabat (Morocco), Chellah is one of the most historically significant monuments, this site being the melting pot of several civilizations that have played a major role, including the Marinid who left traces of Islamic architecture through the Medersa site built by the adobe construction technique. This research involves the experimental and numerical analysis of the adobe material obtained from the Chellah site as well as the additive mixture in order to identify their mechanical behaviour. After the geotechnical identification of the material, a series of mechanical tests (compressive and bending tensile strengths) were applied to the adobe and the additive mixture. For numerical simulation, the finite element method was used to simulate the failure process of the material and different mixtures using the ANSYS software (ANSYS, 2019 1R). Numerical predictions are compared with experimental data. The methodology applied in this study provides promising results to better predict the mechanical properties of the mix used on the construction and rehabilitation of historic monuments in order to further reduce costly experimental tasks. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.","Adobe; Building materials; Historical monument; Mechanical behaviour; Wood shaving","Additives; Bending strength; Bending tests; Computer software; Mixtures; Soil structure interactions; Soil testing; Tensile strength; Archaeological site; Construction technique; Experimental and numerical analysis; Historical heritages; Islamic architectures; Mechanical behaviour; Mechanical characterizations; Numerical predictions; Numerical methods",,,,,,,,"Alavéz-Ramírez, R., Montes-García, P., Martínez-Reyes, J., The use of sugarcane bagasse ash and lime to improve the durability and mechanical properties of compacted soil blocks (2012) Constr. Build. Mater., 34, pp. 296-305. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.02.072; Bui, T.T., Limam, A., Sarhosis, V., Hjiaj, M., Discrete element modelling of the in-plane and out-of-plane behaviour of dry-joint masonry wall constructions (2017) Eng. Struct., 136, pp. 277-294. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.01.020; Calatan, G., Hegyi, A., Dico, C., Mircea, C., Determining the optimum addition of vegetable materials in adobe bricks (2016) Procedia Technol, 22, pp. 259-265. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j. protcy.2016.01.077; Cao, Z., (2004) Watanabe, H.: Earthquake Response Predication and Retrofitting Techniques of Adobe Structures, No., p. 12; (1979) Construire En Terre Normes Craterre; (2018) Réhabilitation Et Valorisation Du bâti En pisé; Daudon, D., Sieffert, Y., Albarracín, O., et al.: Adobe construction modeling by discrete element method: first methodological steps. Procedia Econ. Finan. 18, 247–254 (2014). https://doi. org/10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00937-X; EN 196-1: Methods of testing cement-Part 1: determination of strength (2016). https://standards. cen.eu. Accessed 26 June 2019; (2015) EN 772-1:2011+A1: Methods of Test for Masonry Units-Part 1: Determination of Compressive Strength; Ghavami, K., Toledo Filho, R.D., Barbosa, N.P., Behaviour of composite soil reinforced with natural fibres (1999) Cement Concr. Compos., 21, pp. 39-48. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-9465(98)00033-X; González-López, J.R., Juárez-Alvarado, C.A., Ayub-Francis, B., Mendoza-Rangel, J.M., Compaction effect on the compressive strength and durability of stabilized earth blocks (2018) Constr. Build. Mater., 163, pp. 179-188. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.074; Illampas, R., Charmpis, D.C., Ioannou, I., Laboratory testing and finite element simulation of the structural response of an adobe masonry building under horizontal loading (2014) Eng. Struct., 80, pp. 362-376. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.09.008; Koohestani, B., Koubaa, A., Belem, T., Experimental investigation of mechanical and microstructural properties of cemented paste backfill containing maple-wood filler (2016) Constr. Build. Mater., 121, pp. 222-228. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.118; Mohebkhah, A., Chegeni, B., Local–global interactive buckling of built-up I-beam sections (2012) Thin-Walled Struct, 56, pp. 33-37. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2012.03.018; Onuaguluchi, O., Banthia, N., Plant-based natural fibre reinforced cement composites: A review (2016) Cement Concr. Compos., 68, pp. 96-108. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2016.02.014; Quốc-Bảo, B., Stabilité des structures en pisé: Durabilité, caractéristiques mécaniques. Thèse (2008) L’Institut National Des Sciences Appliquees De Lyon; (2013) RPCT: Decret n° 2-12-666 Du Reglement Parasismique Pour Les Constructions En Terre Et Instituant Le Comité National Des Constructions En Terre; Sharma, V., Marwaha, B.M., Vinayak, H.K., Enhancing durability of adobe by natural reinforcement for propagating sustainable mud housing (2016) Int. J. Sustain. Built Environ., 5, pp. 141-155. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsbe.2016.03.004; Sharma, V., Vinayak, H.K., Marwaha, B.M., Enhancing compressive strength of soil using natural fibers (2015) Constr. Build. Mater., 93, pp. 943-949. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j. conbuildmat.2015.05.065; Sudin, R., Swamy, N., Bamboo and wood fibre cement composites for sustainable infrastructure regeneration (2006) J. Mater. Sci., 41, pp. 6917-6924. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-0224-3; Taj, S., (2007) Munawar, M.A.: Natural Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite, No., p. 17; Tarque, N., Camata, G., Espacone, E., et al.: Numerical modelling of in-plane behaviour of adobe walls, no. 12 (2010); Terrisse, M., (2011) Les musées De Sites archéologiques appréhendés En Tant Que Vecteurs De développement Local à Travers Trois études De Cas préfigurant La Mise En Valeur opérationnelle Du Site De Chellah, , Thèse, le Mans; van Damme, H., Houben, H., Earth concrete. Stabilization revisited (2018) Cem. Concr. Res., 114, pp. 90-102. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.02.035; Varum, H., Costa, A., Pereira, H., et al.: Caracterização do comportamento estrutural de paredes de alvenaria de adobe, no. 10 (2008)","Simou, S.; Civil Engineering and Environment Laboratory, Morocco; email: sanaesimou@research.emi.ac.ma","Ameen H.Jamiolkowski M.Manassero M.Shehata H.",,"Springer Science and Business Media B.V.","3rd GeoMEast International Congress and Exhibition on Sustainable Civil Infrastructures, GeoMEast 2019","10 November 2019 through 15 November 2019",,254619,23663405,9783030341985,,,"English","Sustain. Civil Infrastruct.",Conference Paper,"Final","",Scopus,2-s2.0-85102311776
"Chácara C., Pantò B., Aguilar R.","56331375900;36721847200;36719908000;","Evaluation of the seismic response of a historical earthen structure based on a discrete macro-element modelling approach",2019,"COMPDYN Proceedings","1",,,"1391","1400",,1,"10.7712/120119.7006.19198","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85079105028&doi=10.7712%2f120119.7006.19198&partnerID=40&md5=c2397ced672dffd3e2bf43d88fbd63bc","Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Section of Civil Engineering San Miguel, Lima32, Peru; University of Catania, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Catania, 95125, Italy","Chácara, C., Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Section of Civil Engineering San Miguel, Lima32, Peru; Pantò, B., University of Catania, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Catania, 95125, Italy; Aguilar, R., Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Section of Civil Engineering San Miguel, Lima32, Peru","In the Peruvian Andes, a major portion of heritage buildings are made of adobe masonry. Due to the low mechanical properties of this material, historical constructions are mostly characterized by a weak and brittle behavior especially when subjected to seismic loading. In addition, heritage adobe buildings are characterized by timber roofs which do not guarantee a box-type behavior and enable the occurrence of local mechanisms in the out-of-plane direction. During the last decades, there has been an increasing interest in understanding the complex seismic response of this type of buildings. This task is usually conducted by means of computational models together numerical simulations. The current approaches such as Finite Element or macro-element methods present some important limitations such a high computational burden or over-simplified mechanical schemes that consider only the in-plane mechanisms of masonry. In this paper, an innovative numerical tool, which involves the combined interaction between the in-plane and out-of-plane mechanisms with a reduced computational demand, is used for the seismic assessment of an adobe church located in Cusco, Peru. This discrete macro-element modeling approach is validated considering the results obtained with a sophisticated computational tool in terms of capacity curves and collapse mechanisms. These results demonstrate that the proposed modelling approach is capable of properly evaluating the seismic behavior of earthen buildings, and will allow further investigations in a nonlinear dynamic context. Copyright © 2019 COMPDYN Proceedings. All rights reserved.","Adobe Masonry; Discrete Macro-element Model; FE Model; HiStrA Software; Nonlinear Static Analysis; Stone Masonry","Computational methods; Engineering geology; Macros; Masonry materials; Seismic response; Static analysis; Structural dynamics; Adobe Masonry; FE model; Macro element; Non-linear static analysis; Stone masonry; Earthquake engineering",,,,,,,,"Brencich, A., Gambarotta, L., Lagomarsino, S., A macroelement approach to the three-dimensional seismic analysis of masonry buildings (1998) 11th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, , Paris; Magenes, G., della Fontana, A., Simplified non-linear seismic analysis of masonry buildings (1998) Proc British Masonry Society, 8, pp. 190-195; Casolo, S., Peña, F., Rigid element model for in-plane dynamics od masonry walls considering hysteretic behaviour and damage (2007) Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 36, pp. 1029-1048; Lagomarsino, S., Penna, A., Galasco, A., Cattari, S., TREMURI program: An equivalent frame model for the nonlinear seismic analysis of masonry buildings (2013) Engineering Structures, 56, pp. 1787-1799; Caliò, I., Marletta, M., Pantò, B., A new discrete element model for the evaluation of the seismic behaviour of unreinforced masonry buildings (2012) Engineering Structures, 40, pp. 237-338; Pantò, B., Cannizzaro, F., Caliò, I., Lourenço, P.B., Numerical and experimental validation of a 3D macro-model for the in-plane and out-of-plane behaviour of unreinforced masonry walls (2017) International Journal of Architectural Heritage; Pantò, B., Cannizzaro, F., Caddemi, S., Caliò, I., 3D macro-element modelling approach for seismic assessment of historical masonry churches (2016) Advances in Engineering Software, 97, pp. 40-59; Pantò, B., Giresini, L., Sassu, M., Caliò, I., Non-linear modeling of masonry churches through a discrete macro-element approach (2017) Earthquakes and Structures, 12, pp. 223-236; Ciocci, M.P., Sharma, S., Lourenço, P.B., Engineering simulations of a super-complex cultural heritage building: Ica cathedral in Peru (2018) Meccanica, 53, pp. 1931-1958; Karanikoloudis, G., Lourenço, P.B., Structural assessment and seismic vulnerability of earthen historic structures. Application of sophisticated numerical and simple analytical models (2018) Engineering Structures, 160, pp. 488-509; Aguilar, R., Noel, M.F., Ramos, L.F., Integration of reverse engineering and nonlinear numerical analysis for the seismic assessment of historical adobe buildings (2019) Automation in Construction, 98, pp. 1-15; (2015) HiStrA (Historical Structure Analysis) Release 17.2.3, , HISTRA s.r.l Catania, Italy; Turnsek, V., Cacovic, F., Some experimental result on the strength of brick masonry walls (1971) 2nd International Brick Masonry Conference, , Stoke-on-Trent, UK; Fonseca, C., D'Ayala, D., Seismic assessment and retrofitting of Peruvian earthen churches by means of numerical modelling (2012) The 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, , Lisbon, Portugal",,"Papadrakakis M.Fragiadakis M.",,"National Technical University of Athens","7th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, COMPDYN 2019","24 June 2019 through 26 June 2019",,157145,26233347,9786188284463,,,"English","COMPDYN Proceedings",Conference Paper,"Final","",Scopus,2-s2.0-85079105028
"Fagone M., Loccarini F., Ranocchiai G., Rotunno T.","6504320470;56034486500;7801436193;14038244000;","Numerical constitutive models of low tensile strength materials for the description of mechanical behavior of rammed earth masonry",2019,"Key Engineering Materials","817 KEM",,,"30","36",,1,"10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.817.30","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85072927335&doi=10.4028%2fwww.scientific.net%2fKEM.817.30&partnerID=40&md5=40f7a0a3d540f5df85208850dfd0d6f8","DICEA, University of Florence, Piazza F. Brunelleschi 6, Florence, 50121, Italy; DIDA, University of Florence, piazza F. Brunelleschi 6, Florence, 50121, Italy","Fagone, M., DICEA, University of Florence, Piazza F. Brunelleschi 6, Florence, 50121, Italy; Loccarini, F., DICEA, University of Florence, Piazza F. Brunelleschi 6, Florence, 50121, Italy; Ranocchiai, G., DICEA, University of Florence, Piazza F. Brunelleschi 6, Florence, 50121, Italy; Rotunno, T., DIDA, University of Florence, piazza F. Brunelleschi 6, Florence, 50121, Italy","The preservation and enhancement of traditional earthen masonry structures as well as the practice of new construction with raw earth material is nowadays matter of investigation. At this stage of research, experimental analysis needs to be supported by numerical analysis to corroborate and interpret results and, successively, to extend the analysis to more complex load conditions, tune design methods and define quick verification formulas for simple structures. For this reason, constitutive models provided by engineering simulation software for mechanical analysis, to describe low tensile strength materials, have been used to reproduce mechanical tests and have been compared. The arch was selected as the best case study to test the response of constitutive models suitable for a low tensile strength material and, in a successive stage of research, the efficiency and the modelling of reinforcement techniques. © 2019 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.","Arch models; Asymmetric point load test; Finite element analyses; Rammed earth","Arches; Constitutive models; Finite element method; Glass ceramics; Numerical methods; Software testing; Strength of materials; Tensile strength; ARCH models; Engineering simulation; Experimental analysis; Mechanical analysis; Mechanical behavior; Point load tests; Rammed earth; Reinforcement technique; Masonry materials",,,,,,,,"Ciancio, D., Jaquin, P., Walker, P., Advances on the assessment of soil suitability for rammed earth (2013) Constr Build Mater, 42, pp. 40-47; Hall, M., Djerbib, Y., Rammed earth sample production: Context, recommendations and consistency (2004) Constr Build Mater, 18, pp. 281-286; Jayasinghe, C., Kamaladasa, N., Compressive strength characteristics of cement stabilized rammed earth walls (2007) Constr Build Mater, 21, pp. 1971-1976; Miccoli, L., Müller, U., Fontana, P., Mechanical behaviour of earthen materials: A comparison between earth block masonry, rammed earth and cob (2014) Constr Build Mater, 61, pp. 327-339; Loccarini, F., (2017) Behaviour of Rammed Earth Structures: Sustainable Materials and Strengthening Techniques, , Doctorate Thesis. University of Florence; University of Braunschweig-Institute of Tecnology; Miccoli, L., Oliveira, D.V., Silva, R., Müller, U., Schueremans, L., Static behaviour of rammed earth: Experimental testing and finite element modelling (2014) Mater Struct, pp. 3443-3456; Bui, Q.B., Morel, J.C., Venkatarama Reddy, B.V., Ghayad, W., Durability of rammed earth walls exposed for 20 years to natural weathering (2009) Build Environ, 44, pp. 912-919; Bui, Q.-B., Hans, S., Morel, J.-C., Do, A.-P., First exploratory study on dynamic characteristics of rammed earth buildings (2011) Eng Struct, 33, pp. 3690-3695; Jaquin, P.A., (2008) Durham Theses, Durham University, , http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2169/; Nabouch, R.E., Bui, Q., Perrotin, P., Plé, O., Plassiard, J.P., (2015) Modélisation numérique De Structures En pisé: Analyses Et Recommandations Rencontres Universitaires De G´enie Civil, , May, Bayonne, France; Fagone, M., Loccarini, F., Ranocchiai, G., Strength evaluation of jute fabric for the reinforcement of rammed earth structures (2017) Compos Part B Eng, 113, pp. 1-13; Loccarini, F., Fagone, M., Ranocchiai, G., García Manrique, J.A., Ruiz Checa, J.R., Bonding capacity of jute fabric reinforcements of earthen structural elements. An experimental analysis (2016) Brick Block Mason. Trends, Innov. Challenges-Proc. 16Th Int. Brick Block Mason. Conf. IBMAC, 2016, pp. 843-848. , p; Briccoli Bati, S., Fagone, M., Loccarini, F., Ranocchiai, G., (2015) Jute Fabric to Improve the Mechanical Properties of Rammed Earth Constructions. Versus2014-Earthen Archit, pp. 55-60. , p; Briccoli Bati, S., Fagone, M., Loccarini, F., Ranocchiai, G., Analysis of rammed earth arches strengthened with natural fibers (2013) Civil-Comp Proc, 102; Briccoli Bati, S., Fagone, M., Rotunno, T., Lower Bound Limit Analysis of Masonry Arches with CFRP Reinforcements: A Numerical Method (2013) J Compos Constr, 17, pp. 543-553; Fagone, M., Kloft, H., Loccarini, F., Ranocchiai, G., Jute fabric as a reinforcement for rammed earth structures (2019) Compos Part B; Rotunno, T., Fagone, M., Bertolesi, E., Grande, E., Milani, G., Single lap shear tests of masonry curved pillars externally strengthened by CFRP strips (2018) Compos Struct, 200, pp. 434-448; Corbin, A., Augarde, C., Fracture Energy of Stabilised Rammed Earth (2014) Procedia Mater Sci, 3, pp. 1675-1680; ADINA, Theory and Modeling Guide, Vol I: ADINA solids &Structures, August 2015, ADINA R & D, Inc., 71 Elton Avenue, Watertown, MA 02472 USA; ABAQUS 2018. Theory and user’s manuals 2018. Pawtucket (RI, USA): Hibbit, Karlsson and Sorensen; ANSYS. ANSYS Mechanical APDL Theory Reference. Release 19. ANSYS Inc Southpointe 2600 ANSYS Drive Canonsburg, PA","Fagone, M.; DICEA, Piazza F. Brunelleschi 6, Italy; email: mario.fagone@unifi.it","Di Tommaso A.Gentilini C.Castellazzi G.",,"Trans Tech Publications Ltd","6th International Conference on Mechanics of Masonry Structures Strengthened with Composite Materials, MuRiCo6 2019","26 June 2019 through 28 June 2019",,231019,10139826,9783035715651,KEMAE,,"English","Key Eng Mat",Conference Paper,"Final","",Scopus,2-s2.0-85072927335
"Rios A.J., O’Dwyer D.W.","57203578697;57191667001;","Earthen buildings in Ireland",2018,"Building Knowledge, Constructing Histories","2",,,"787","794",,1,"10.1201/9780429506208-100","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85061557432&doi=10.1201%2f9780429506208-100&partnerID=40&md5=079c7698a2b007415736e5f3d3d52c15","Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","Rios, A.J., Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; O’Dwyer, D.W., Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","Even though Irish meteorological conditions are adverse for the development of earthen constructions, earth has been used as a construction material in Ireland for more than 4000 years. The objective of this paper is to present a summarized and concise picture of the present situation of the remaining earthen buildings in the country, identify their main characteristics, the values that make such buildings important, evaluate their vulnerability as vernacular architectural style and therefore, understand and better approach any future intervention on such kinds of structures. In particular, the paper highlights the lack of a detailed description of traditional construction techniques and of recommended procedures for the conservation of existing earthen structures. The paper identifies the pertinent Irish texts and suggests how recent research on the mechanical properties of cob and state-of-the-art numerical analysis techniques and constitutive models can be used to assess the strength and stability of existing historic structures. © 2018 6ICCH, Brussels, Belgium.","2000 BC—present; Cob; Conservation; Ireland; Vernacular architecture","Conservation; Analysis techniques; Architectural style; Earthen constructions; Historic structures; Ireland; Meteorological condition; Traditional constructions; Vernacular architecture; Building materials",,,,,,,,"Cundall, P.A., Strack, O.D.L., A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies (1979) Geotechnique, 29 (1), pp. 47-65; Danaher, K., Materials and methods in Irish traditional building (1957) Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, 87 (1), pp. 61-74; Danaher, K., Some distribution patterns in Irish folk life (1957) Bealoideas, 25, pp. 108-123; Danaher, K., (1970) The Pleasant Land of Ireland, a Mercier Original Paperback, , Cork, Ire.: Mercier Press; Danaher, K., (1975), Irish Tourist Board, Ireland’s traditional houses. Dublin: Bord Filte; Gailey, A., (1984) Rural Houses of the North of Ireland, , Edinburgh: Donald; Gilbert, M., Smith, C.C., Discontinuity layout optimization: A new numerical procedure for upper bound limit analysis (2007) IX International Conference on Computational Plasticity, Barcelona; England, H., (2015) Practical Building Conservation, , Farnham: Ashgate; Hutton, A.W., (1892) Arthur Young’s Tour in Ireland (1776–1779), , London: George Bell; (1964) International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites, , Venice: ICOMOS; (1999) Charter on the Built Vernacular Heritage, , Mexico: ICOMOS; Jaquin, P., (2012) Earth Building: History, Science and Conservation, , Bracknell: IHS BRE Press; Keefe, L., (1993) The Cob Buildings of Devon 1 & 2, , DHBT Devon; Keefe, L., (2005) Earth Building: Methods and Materials, Repair and Conservation, , London: Taylor & Francis; Lucy, L.B., A numerical approach to the testing of the fission hypothesis (1977) The Astronomical Journal, 32 (12), pp. 1013-1024; Macdonald, F., Doyle, P., (1997) Ireland’s Earthen Houses, , Ireland: A. & A. Farmar; McPadden, J., Pavía, S., (2016) An Assessment of Raw Materials for Earth Construction in County Offaly, Ireland, , REHABEND 2016, Burgos, Spain; (2017), http://www.met.ie/climate-ireland/rainfall.asp, “Rainfall.” MET Eireann, accessed 25/05/2017; Miccoli, L., Müller, U., Fontana, P., Mechanical behaviour of earthen materials: A comparison between earth block masonry, rammed earth and cob (2014) Construction and Building Materials, 6, pp. 327-339; Miccoli, L., Silva, R., Garofano, A., Oliveira, D., In-plane behaviour of earthen materials: A numerical comparison between adobe masonry, rammed earth and cob (2017) 6Th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Rhodes Island, Greece; Minke, G., Earth construction handbook: The building material earth in modern architecture (2000) International Series on Advances in Architecture, p. 10. , Southampton: Wit; O’Reilly, B., (2011), Terra Europae Edited by Edizioni ETS; Pfeiffer, W., (1990) Irish Cottages, , London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson; Shaffrey, P., (1985) Irish Countryside Buildings: Everyday Architecture in the Rural Landscape, , Dublin: The O’Brien Press; Ziegert, C., (2003) Lehmwellerbau: Konstruktion, , Schäden und Sanierung: Fraunhofer-IRB-Verlag",,"Wouters I.Van de Voorde S.Bertels I.Espion B.De Jonge K.Zastavni D.",,"CRC Press/Balkema","6th International Congress on Construction History, 6ICCH 2018","9 July 2018 through 13 July 2018",,220669,,9781138584143,,,"English","Build. Knowl., Construct. Hist. - Proc. Int. Congr. Construct. Hist.",Conference Paper,"Final","All Open Access, Green",Scopus,2-s2.0-85061557432
"Hamdaoui M.A., Benzaama M.-H., El Mendili Y., Chateigner D., Gascoin S.","57227973200;57191156451;36975204400;7004590897;56230223700;","Investigation of the mechanical and hygrothermal behavior of coffee ground wastes valorized as a building material: analysis of mix designs performance and sorption curve linearization effect",2023,"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","23","1","57","","",,,"10.1007/s43452-022-00579-2","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85146306571&doi=10.1007%2fs43452-022-00579-2&partnerID=40&md5=d30cc14dcf2840aa840c645710d592d0","Laboratoire ESITC Caen - COMUE Normandie Université, 1 Rue Pierre Et Marie Curie, Epron, 14610, France; CRISMAT, UMR CNRS N°6508, ENSICAEN, IUT Caen, Normandie Université, 6 Boulevard Maréchal Juin, Caen, 14050, France","Hamdaoui, M.A., Laboratoire ESITC Caen - COMUE Normandie Université, 1 Rue Pierre Et Marie Curie, Epron, 14610, France, CRISMAT, UMR CNRS N°6508, ENSICAEN, IUT Caen, Normandie Université, 6 Boulevard Maréchal Juin, Caen, 14050, France; Benzaama, M.-H., Laboratoire ESITC Caen - COMUE Normandie Université, 1 Rue Pierre Et Marie Curie, Epron, 14610, France; El Mendili, Y., Laboratoire ESITC Caen - COMUE Normandie Université, 1 Rue Pierre Et Marie Curie, Epron, 14610, France; Chateigner, D., CRISMAT, UMR CNRS N°6508, ENSICAEN, IUT Caen, Normandie Université, 6 Boulevard Maréchal Juin, Caen, 14050, France; Gascoin, S., CRISMAT, UMR CNRS N°6508, ENSICAEN, IUT Caen, Normandie Université, 6 Boulevard Maréchal Juin, Caen, 14050, France","Coffee ground wastes (CGW) are by-products from the coffee-making processes. In this study, we propose to valorize them in construction materials at large scale. In particular, we investigate the mechanical and hygrothermal performances of earthen cob construction with incorporation of various amounts of CGW. Our results indicate that adding coffee grounds to cob enhances its hygrothermal performances as well as its compressive strength. An interesting enhancement of the lightened earth thermal characteristics as well as a good control of the hydric load in the air while maintaining acceptable mechanical properties is observed. Numerical analysis is used to evaluate the hygrothermal behavior of cob specimens to better understand their energy performances. A simplification of the simulation methods using a linearization of the sorption curve is incorporated to reduce calculation times and optimize outputs. The method is validated using experimental data, which shows a promising improvement compared to previous approaches. The proposed method can be faithfully applied to the study of hygrothermal behavior of biomaterials, which is strongly related to the building energy performance and the investigation of their durability in a fast and efficient way. © 2023, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology.","Bio-based building materials; Hysteresis effect; Linearized sorption curve; Mechanical/hygrothermal behavior; Numerical simulation","Building materials; Compressive strength; Linearization; Sorption; Bio-based; Bio-based building material; Buildings materials; Coffee grounds; Hygrothermal behavior; Hysteresis effect; Linearized sorption curve; Mechanical; Mechanical/hygrothermal behavior; Sorption curves; Curve fitting",,,,,,"This research is associated with the French DD&RS strategy (Sustainable Development and Social Responsibility).",,"Esfanjary Kenari, E., (2017) Persian historic urban landscapes interpreting and managing Maibud over 6000 years, , Edinburgh University Press; Bouasria, M., El Mendili, Y., Benzaama, M.-H., Pralong, V., Bardeau, J.-F., Hennequart, F., Valorisation of stranded laminaria digitata seaweed as an insulating earth material (2021) Constr Build Mater, 308; Riffat, M.A.S.B., Building energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions: threat to climate change (2015) J. Earth Sci. Clim Change.; Lekshmi, M.S., Vishnudas, S., Nair, D.G., An investigation on the potential of mud as sustainable building material in the context of Kerala (2017) Int J Energy Technol Policy, 13 (1-2), pp. 107-122; El Mendili, Y., Mud-based construction material: promising properties of French gravel wash mud mixed with byproducts, seashells and fly ash as a binder (2021) Materials, 14 (20), p. 20; Miccoli, L., Müller, U., Fontana, P., Mechanical behaviour of earthen materials: a comparison between earth block masonry, rammed earth and cob (2014) Constr Build Mater, 61, pp. 327-339; Bekhiti, M., Trouzine, H., Rabehi, M., Influence of waste tire rubber fibers on swelling behavior, unconfined compressive strength and ductility of cement stabilized bentonite clay soil (2019) Constr Build Mater, 208, pp. 304-313; Chang, I., Review on biopolymer-based soil treatment (BPST) technology in geotechnical engineering practices (2020) Transp Geotech, 24; Chang, I., Im, J., Cho, G.-C., Introduction of microbial biopolymers in soil treatment for future environmentally-friendly and sustainable geotechnical engineering (2016) Sustainability, 8 (3), p. 3; 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Civ. Mech. Eng.",Article,"Final","",Scopus,2-s2.0-85146306571
"De Villiers W.I., Van Zijl G.P.A.G., Boshoff W.P.","57198174735;6603009526;16201993200;","Finite element analysis of single-storey unreinforced alternative masonry walls",2021,"Advances in Structural Engineering","24","9",,"2011","2026",,,"10.1177/1369433221992483","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85100541512&doi=10.1177%2f1369433221992483&partnerID=40&md5=89f2fa71f7e5db7ec76773bfbbcca3e4","Department of Civil Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Built Environment and Information Technology, University of Pretoria, Faculty of Engineering, Pretoria, South Africa","De Villiers, W.I., Department of Civil Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Van Zijl, G.P.A.G., Department of Civil Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Boshoff, W.P., Department of Civil Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa, Built Environment and Information Technology, University of Pretoria, Faculty of Engineering, Pretoria, South Africa","The most commonly cited obstacles to the uptake of alternative masonry units on a meaningful scale, despite significant research investment, are a lack of standards and understanding of their structural behaviour. This paper contributes to the body of knowledge on finite element analysis of alternative masonry structures, towards improved understanding of their structural behaviour. Two critical masonry wall configurations, in the context of South African low-income, government-subsidised housing, are analysed using the simplified micro-modelling approach, under ultimate limit state wind and seismic actions. Three alternative masonry materials are characterised and employed in the numerical analyses, geopolymer, compressed-stabilised earth and adobe blocks, as well as conventional concrete blocks as benchmark. Despite the wide spectrum in masonry materials analysed, the chosen modelling approach captured the major failure mechanisms well. The four materials performed as expected relative to one another, but most wall/material configurations failed to resist the required design load, including the conventional concrete masonry material. © The Author(s) 2021.","adobe; alternative masonry; compressed-stabilised earth; finite element analysis; geopolymer; low-income housing; simplified micro-modelling","Concrete blocks; Failure (mechanical); Masonry construction; Retaining walls; Walls (structural partitions); Body of knowledge; Conventional concrete; Element analysis; Major failures; Masonry structures; Research investment; Structural behaviour; Ultimate limit state; Finite element method",,,,,"National Research Foundation, NRF: 106,965, 87,961","The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of South Africa (grant numbers 87,961, 106,965).",,"National Building Regulations and Building Standards Act (1977) Government Gazette of the Republic of South Africa, , 6, July, 145 (5640; 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Struct. Eng.",Article,"Final","",Scopus,2-s2.0-85100541512
"Cassese P., Fenu L., Asprone D., Occhiuzzi A., Parisi F.","57194114602;55224642800;25636818700;6506117725;36553077800;","Experimental in-plane lateral response of a full-scale adobe masonry wall with opening",2021,"COMPDYN Proceedings","2021-June",,,"","",,,,"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85120794403&partnerID=40&md5=41fa71d33f96aaaec86631d9450796ca","National Research Council (CNR), Construction Technologies Institute (ITC), c/o Polo Tecnologico di San Giovanni a Teduccio, Naples, Italy; University of Cagliari, Department of Civil Engineering, Environment Engineering and Architecture, Via Marengo 2, Cagliari, Italy; University of Naples Federico II, Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture, Via Claudio 21, Naples, Italy; National Research Council (CNR), Construction Technologies Institute (ITC), Viale Lombardia, 49, San Giuliano Milanese, Italy; University Parthenope, Department of Engineering, Centro Direzionale Isola C4, Naples, 80143, Italy","Cassese, P., National Research Council (CNR), Construction Technologies Institute (ITC), c/o Polo Tecnologico di San Giovanni a Teduccio, Naples, Italy; Fenu, L., University of Cagliari, Department of Civil Engineering, Environment Engineering and Architecture, Via Marengo 2, Cagliari, Italy; Asprone, D., University of Naples Federico II, Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture, Via Claudio 21, Naples, Italy; Occhiuzzi, A., National Research Council (CNR), Construction Technologies Institute (ITC), Viale Lombardia, 49, San Giuliano Milanese, Italy, University Parthenope, Department of Engineering, Centro Direzionale Isola C4, Naples, 80143, Italy; Parisi, F., University of Naples Federico II, Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture, Via Claudio 21, Naples, Italy","A large amount of world population lives nowadays in earthen buildings, often constructed only based on construction practice and within earthquake-prone regions. In the recent history, several strong earthquakes had dramatic consequences on these structures, highlighting their significant seismic vulnerability due to multiple reasons, such as poor mechanical properties, poor detailing, and large inertia mass. Several aspects of seismic performance of existing earthen constructions need to be investigated through full-scale experimental testing. In this regard, the present study aims at contributing to the investigation by testing a full-scale adobe masonry wall with a central door-type opening under in-plane lateral loading with cyclic fashion. The mechanical behaviour of materials, specimen's design, loading protocol and instrumentation setup are described. The experimental response curves, observed damage evolution and failure mode are discussed, especially focusing on dissipation capacity of the wall. © 2021 COMPDYN Proceedings.","Adobe masonry; Cyclic tests; Full-scale tests; Seismic capacity; Walls","Computational methods; Computer aided engineering; Earthquake engineering; Engineering geology; Masonry construction; Masonry materials; Retaining walls; Walls (structural partitions); Adobe masonry; Cyclic tests; Earthen buildings; Full scale tests; Large amounts; Lateral response; Masonry walls; Seismic capacity; Wall; World population; Earthquakes",,,,,,,,"Bothara, J.K., Dhakal, R.P., Mander, J.B., Seismic performance of an unreinforced masonry building: an experimental investigation (2010) Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 39 (1), pp. 45-68; Moon, F.L., Yi, T., Leon, R.T., Kahn, L.F., Testing of a full scale unreinforced masonry building following seismic strengthening (2007) Journal of Structural Engineering, 133 (9), pp. 1215-1226; Tolles, E.L., Kimbro, E.E., Webster, F.A., Ginell, W.S., (2000) Seismic stabilization of historic adobe structures: Final report of the Getty seismic adobe project, , Los Angeles: Getty Publications; Blondet, M., Vargas, J., Tarque, N., Available low-cost technologies to improve the seismic performance of earthen houses in developing countries (2008) Proceedings of 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, , Bejing; Augenti, N., Parisi, F., Learning from construction failures due to the 2009 L'Aquila, Italy, earthquake (2010) Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 24 (6), pp. 536-555; D'Ayala, D.F., Paganoni, S., Assessment and analysis of damage in L'Aquila historic city centre after 6th April 2009 (2011) Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 9 (1), pp. 81-104; Moon, L., Dizhur, D., Senaldi, I., Derakhshan, H., Griffith, M., Magenes, G., Ingham, J., The demise of the URM building stock in Christchurch during the 2010-2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence (2014) Earthquake Spectra, 30 (1), pp. 253-276; Dizhur, D., Dhakal, R.P., Bothara, J., Ingham, J.M., Building typologies and failure modes observed in the 2015 Gorkha (Nepal) earthquake (2016) Bulletin of New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, 49 (2), pp. 211-232; Sorrentino, L., Cattari, S., Da Porto, F., Magenes, G., Penna, A., Seismic behaviour of ordinary masonry buildings during the 2016 central Italy earthquakes (2019) Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 17 (10), pp. 5583-5607; Abrams, D.P., Shah, N., (1992) Cyclic load testing of unreinforced masonry walls, , Advanced Construction Technology Centre Report No. 92-26-10. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL; Mahmoud, A.D., Hamid, A.A., El Magd, S.A., Lateral response of unreinforced solid masonry shear walls: an experimental study (1995) Proceedings of the 7th Canadian Masonry Symposium, , Hamilton; Shahzada, K., Khan, A.N., Elnashai, A.S., Ashraf, M., Javed, M., Naseer, A., Alam, B., Experimental seismic performance evaluation of unreinforced brick masonry buildings (2012) Earthquake Spectra, 28 (3), pp. 1269-1290; Magenes, G., Calvi, G.M., In‐plane seismic response of brick masonry walls (1997) Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 26 (11), pp. 1091-1112; Benedetti, D., Carydis, P., Pezzoli, P., Shaking table tests on 24 masonry buildings (1998) Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 27 (1), pp. 67-90; Yi, T., Moon, F.L., Leon, R.T., Kahn, L.F., Lateral load tests on a two-story unreinforced masonry building (2006) Journal of Structural Engineering, 132 (5), pp. 643-652; Gattesco, N., Clemente, I., Macorini, L., Noè, S., Experimental investigation of the behavior of spandrels in ancient masonry buildings Proceedings of the 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, , Beijing, China; Graziotti, F., Magenes, G., Penna, A., Progetto di una sperimentazione su elementi di fascia muraria, , Rapporto Reluis, Allegato 4.3-UR01-1. Università di Pavia and EUCENTRE, Pavia, Italy; Beyer, K., Dazio, A., Quasi-static cyclic tests on masonry spandrels (2012) Earthquake Spectra, 28 (3), pp. 907-929; Chourasia, A., Bhattacharyya, S.K., Bhandari, N. M., Bhargava, P., Seismic performance of different masonry buildings: full-scale experimental study (2016) Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 30 (5), p. 04016006; Augenti, N., Parisi, F., Prota, A., Manfredi, G., In-plane lateral response of a full-scale masonry subassemblage with and without an inorganic matrix-grid strengthening system (2011) Journal of Composites for Construction, 15 (4), pp. 578-590; Knox, C.L., Dizhur, D., Ingham, J.M., Experimental cyclic testing of URM pier-spandrel substructures (2017) Journal of Structural Engineering, 143 (2), p. 04016177; Knox, C.L., Dizhur, D., Ingham, J.M., Two-story perforated URM wall subjected to cyclic in-plane loading (2018) Journal of Structural Engineering, 144 (5), p. 04018037; Choudhury, T., Milani, G., Kaushik, H.B., Experimental and numerical analyses of unreinforced masonry wall components and building (2020) Construction and Building Materials, 257, p. 119599; Howlader, M.K., Masia, M.J., Griffith, M.C., In-plane response of perforated unreinforced masonry walls under cyclic loading: Experimental study (2020) Journal of Structural Engineering, 146 (6), p. 04020106; Atzeni, C., Stone masonry in rural Sardinian building. Evolution of the traditional building techniques between XIX and XX Century (2003) Proceedings of the First International Congress on Construction History, , Madrid; Parisi, F., Asprone, D., Fenu, L., Prota, A., Experimental characterization of Italian composite adobe bricks reinforced with straw fibers (2015) Composite Structures, 122, pp. 300-307; Caporale, A., Parisi, F., Asprone, D., Luciano, R., Prota, A., Micromechanical analysis of adobe masonry as two-component composite: Influence of bond and loading schemes (2014) Composite Structures, 112, pp. 254-263; Wu, F., Li, G., Li, H.N., Jia, Q., Strength and stress-strain characteristics of traditional adobe block and masonry (2013) Materials and Structures, 46 (9), pp. 1449-1457; (1999) Natural stone test methods - determination of compressive strength, , Brussels: Comité Européen de Normalisation; (1999) Methods of test for mortar for masonry - Part 11: Determination of flexural and compressive strength of hardened mortar, , Brussels: Comité Européen de Normalisation; (2015) Standard test method for diagonal tension (shear) in masonry assemblages, , ASTM. ASTM E 519-15. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA",,,,"National Technical University of Athens","8th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, COMPDYN 2021","28 June 2021 through 30 June 2021",,174550,26233347,,,,"English","COMPDYN Proceedings",Conference Paper,"Final","",Scopus,2-s2.0-85120794403
[No author name available],[No author id available],"International Conference on Water Security and Sustainability, Down To Earth 2019",2021,"Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering","115",,,"","",306,,,"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85116906342&partnerID=40&md5=d85ecda8885ad6b609c663a1f405980c",,"","The proceedings contain 25 papers. The special focus in this conference is on Water Security and Sustainability. The topics include: Water quality and designated best use (Dbu) determination of bhim taal lake of panchkula, haryana; error estimation for forecasting of orographic rainfall using regression method; numerical analysis of water movement in agricultural fields with heterogeneous unsaturated soils; preface; removal of organic matters and nutrients by using bio-balls and corn cobs as bio-film carrier in mbbr technology; predicting meander migration of the barak river by empirical and time sequence methods; an overview on the photocatalytic application of transition metal–zno nano-photocomposites for degradation of textile effluents in water; hydrochemical analysis of six sacred lakes of sikkim; study of temporal behaviour of homogeneity maps for estimating representative area of a ground sample using remote sensing; an iot-based water management system for smart cities; suitable locations of ocean renewable energy in coastal indian state—kerala; water pipeline routing using gis; control of sediment entry into intake canals using submerged vanes with collar; contamination of arsenic in groundwater of bara district, nepal; determination of best-fit probability distribution of rainfall data in sikkim, india; numerical simulation of positive surge moving upstream; bed-bank relationship and flood characterisation in the upper reach of the brahmaputra valley, assam; three-dimensional numerical simulation of pressure-flow scour; runoff prediction using artificial neural network and scs-cn method: A case study of mayurakshi river catchment, india; simulation of runoff for subarnarekha catchment using swat model.",,,,,,,,,,,,"Bhuiyan C.Flugel W.-A.Jain S.K.",,"Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH","International Conference on Water Security and Sustainability, Down To Earth 2019 ","13 December 2019 through 14 December 2019",,266629,23662557,9789811598043,,,"English","Lect. Notes Civ. Eng.",Conference Review,"Final","",Scopus,2-s2.0-85116906342
"Alkan S.N., Yazicioglu F.","57214453741;55775654000;","Hygrothermal performance assessments of traditional timber-framed houses in Turkey by numerical analysis",2021,"International Journal of Energy Production and Management","6","2",,"143","156",,,"10.2495/EQ-V6-N2-143-156","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85112234626&doi=10.2495%2fEQ-V6-N2-143-156&partnerID=40&md5=8ddc60f4f66e84e5121d75888a66444b","Bahçesehir University, Turkey; Istanbul Technical University, Turkey","Alkan, S.N., Bahçesehir University, Turkey, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey; Yazicioglu, F., Istanbul Technical University, Turkey","The aim of this research is to evaluate the hygrothermal performances of traditional timber-framed houses' exterior walls in Turkey to create a base case scenario of hygrothermal behavior as a datum for conservation and restoration projects. There is a unique range of traditional timber-framed houses in Turkey varied according to geographical, social, economic, and cultural characteristics. They are hybrid constructions whereby an infilled timber-framed system is erected on the masonry walls. They are compositions of rectangular studs of wood and infill materials such as adobe, stone, and brick. Most constructed examples may be classified in groups of four depending on infill materials as follows: (1) timber-framed adobe infill, (2) timber-framed brick infill, (3) timber-framed stone infill, and (4) unfilled timber-framed. Within the scope of the research, one example from each type is selected for hygrothermal performance assessments by applying the simulation program DELPHIN 6.1.1. This research is concentrated on the evaluation of hygrothermal performances of the selected types over 4 years (January 01, 2010-January 01, 2014) by investigating the temperature, relative humidity, U-value, and moisture mass model graphics of the cross-section of the wall samples. 2010 was one of the rainiest years and 2013 was one of the less rainy years in the selected locations for the last 10 years. The findings of this paper indicate that when factors such as construction details, materials, and climatic conditions are varied, there may be humidity-based problems in the selected examples. In that case, intersection points of materials, layers, and their relationships should be re-evaluated to improve the hygrothermal performances of the selected walls for conservation and restoration projects. © 2021 WIT Press.","DELPHIN 6.1.1; Hygrothermal performance; Infill materials; Traditional timber-framed wall",,,,,,,,,"Gasparin, S., Berger, J., Dutykh, D., Mendes, N., Solving nonlinear diffusive problems in buildings by means of a spectral reduced-order model (2019) Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 12 (1), pp. 17-36. , https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2018.1458905; Pihelo, P., Kalamees, T., The effect of thermal transmittance of building envelope and material selection of wind barrier on moisture safety of timber frame exterior wall (2016) Journal of Building Engineering, 6, pp. 29-38. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2016.02.002; Pihelo, P., Kikkas, H., Kalamees, T., Hygrothermal performance of highly insulated timber-frame external wall (2016) Energy Procedia, 96, pp. 685-695. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2016.09.128; Webb, A.L., Energy retrofits in historic and traditional buildings: A review of problems and methods (2017) Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 77, pp. 748-759. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.01.145; Delgado, J., Barreira, E., Ramos, N.M.M., De Freitas, V.P., (2013) Hygrothermal Numerical Simulation Tools Applied to Building Physics, , Springer-Verlag: Berlin, Heidelberg; Hola, A., Czarnota, M., Analysis of the possibilities of improving timber-framed wall thermal insulation with regards to historical buildings (2015) Procedia Engineering, 111, pp. 311-316. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.07.094; Kuban, D., (1995) The Turkish Hayat House (In Turkish), , T.C. Ziraat Bankasi Kültür Yayinlari; Şahin Güçhan, N., History and characteristics of construction techniques used in traditional timber Ottoman houses (2018) International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 12 (1), pp. 1-20. , https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2017.1336811; Yazicioǧlu, F., Alkan, S., An analysis on building elements of a wooden structured granary ""serender"" in Turkey's Eastern Black Sea Region (2019) Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research, 14 (1), pp. 77-89. , https://doi.org/10.1108/arch-04-2019-0087; Zarr, R.R., Burch, D.M., Fanney, A.H., (1995) Heat and Moisture Transfer in Wood-Based Wall Construction: Measured Versus Predicted, NIST Building Science Series 173, , Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office; Kalamees, T., Vinha, J., Hygrothermal calculations and laboratory tests on timberframed wall structures (2003) Building and Environment, 38, pp. 689-697. , https://doi.org/10.1016/s0360-1323(02)00207-x, 2003; Liu, M., Sun, Y., Sun, C., Yang, X., Study on thermal insulation and heat transfer properties of wood frame walls (2018) Wood Research, 63 (2), pp. 249-260; Pihelo, P., Kikkas, H., Kalamees, T., Hygrothermal Performance of Highly Insulated Timber-frame External Wall (2016) Energy Procedia, 96 (2016), pp. 685-695. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2016.09.128; Martinez, R.G., Hygrothermal assessment of a prefabricated timber-frame construction based in hemp (2017) Procedia Environmental Sciences, 38, pp. 729-736. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.155; Fu, H., Ding, Y., Li, M., Li, H., Huang, X., Wang, Z., Research on thermal performance and hygrothermal behavior of timber-framed walls with different external insulation layer: Insulation cork board and anti-corrosion pine plate (2020) Journal of Building Engineering, 28, p. 101069. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.101069; Schjøth Bunkholt, N., Rüther, P., Gullbrekken, L., Geving, S., Effect of forced convection on the hygrothermal performance of a wood frame wall with wood fibre insulation (2021) Building and Environment, 195, p. 107748. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.107748; Claude, S., Ginestet, S., Bonhomme, M., Escadeillas, G., Taylor, J., Marincioni, V., Korolija, I., Altamirano, H., Evaluating retrofit options in a historical city center: Relevance of bio-based insulation and the need to consider complex urban form in decision- making (2018) Energy & Buildings, 182, pp. 196-204. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.10.026; Umaroǧullari, F., (2011) Betonarme Düşey Yapi Kabuǧunda Yalitimin Yerinin Ve Kalinliǧinin Nem Denetimi Açisindan Deneysel Ve Sayisal Deǧerlendirmesi (In Turkish)., , PhD Thesis, Trakya University; Edis, E., Kuş, H., Bina kabuǧunun nemsel-isil performansinin bilgisayar benzetimi ile belirlenmesi (in Turkish) (2014) Gazi Üniv. Müh. Mim. Fak. Dergisi, 29 (2), pp. 311-320. , https://doi.org/10.17341/gummfd.16852; Mihlayanlar, E., Umaroǧullari, F., Kalker taş duvarlarda sicaklik ve nem performansinin incelenmesi (2016) Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlik Fakültesi Dergisi, 31 (1), pp. 313-321. , https://doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaummfd.317844; Ekşi, A., (2016) Mevcut Binalarin Cephelerinde Diştan Isi Yalitimi Uygulamalarinin istanbul'Da Alanda Incelenmesi Ve Higrotermal Performansin Benzetimle Deǧerlendirilmesi (In Turkish), , Master Thesis, Istanbul Technical University; Samanci, B., Diş, A., (2019) Duvarlarin istanbul'Daki Uygulamalar Üzerinden Incelenmesi Isil Ve Nemsel Performansin Benzetim Ile Deǧerlendirilmesi (In Turkish)., , Master Thesis, Istanbul Technical University; Doǧangün, A., Tuluk, Ö., Livaoǧlu, R., Acar, R., Traditional wooden buildings and their damages during earthquakes in Turkey (2006) Engineering Failure Analysis, 13, pp. 981-996. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2005.04.011; Şahin Güçhan, N., Observations on earthquake resistance of traditional timber-framed houses in Turkey (2007) Building and Environment, 142 (2), pp. 840-851. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.09.027; Aktaş, Y.S., (2011) Evaluation of Seismic Resistance of Traditional Ottoman Timber Frame Houses, , Doctoral Thesis, Middle East Technical University; Köylü, A., (2008) Geleneksel Yapilarin Yatay Yükler Etkisinde Incelenmesi (In Turkish), , Master Thesis, Eskişehir Osmangazi University; Alkan, S.N., Yazicioǧlu, F., Hygrothermal performance analysis of traditional timberframed houses in Turkey (2020) WIT Transactions on the Built Environment, 195, pp. 125-135. , WIT Press; Tijskens, A., Janssen, H., Roels, S., A simplified dynamic zone model for a probabilistic assessment of hygrothermal risks in building components (2017) Energy Procedia, 132, pp. 717-722. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.10.012; Chen, G., Luo, Q., Guo, X., Liu, X., Tu, M., He, Y., Study on mould germination risk in hydroscopic building wall (2017) Procedia Engineering, 205, pp. 2712-2719. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.10.193; Chang, S.J., Kim, S., Hygrothermal performance of exterior wall structures using a heat, air and moisture modeling (2015) Energy Procedia, 78, pp. 3434-3439. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.12.328; (2013) TS825 Binalarda Isi Yalitim Kurallari (In Turkish), , Türk Standardlari Enstitüsü., (Thermal insulation requirements for buildings)",,,,"WITPress",,,,,20563272,,,,"English","Intl. J. Energy Prod. Manag.",Article,"Final","All Open Access, Bronze, Green",Scopus,2-s2.0-85112234626
"Mohammed Y.S., Maruf A.A., Shettima A.S., Sanni Y.Y., Nasiru A.","55533674600;55028921700;57224065005;57224052254;57224068047;","Conversion of agricultural biomass corn residues: Impact on power generation and sustainable emissions reduction in Nigeria",2020,"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","15","2",,"160","171",,,,"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85106774121&partnerID=40&md5=7c433905ffc8a14d05a90bf2b13f5fdf","Centre for Research and Innovation, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria","Mohammed, Y.S., Centre for Research and Innovation, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Nigeria, Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; Maruf, A.A., Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria; Shettima, A.S., Centre for Research and Innovation, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Nigeria, Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; Sanni, Y.Y., Centre for Research and Innovation, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Nigeria, Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; Nasiru, A., Centre for Research and Innovation, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Nigeria, Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Nigeria","Nigeria is presently drifting towards making an ambitious commitment to renewable energy development. Small scale solar energy is currently being harnessed for rural electrification in Nigeria but the use of biomass especially agricultural residues for power generation is largely neglected. Therefore, in this paper, the assessment of the potential of three corn (maize) residues for power generation is conducted for the geo-political zones in the country. Different corn residues (stalk, cob, and straw) were processed into dried samples with particles diameter of 0.35-0.42 mm and used experimentally in IKA C2000 bomb calorimeter for the determination of lower heating values. Crop-to-residue ratios of the selected residues were also determined using standard laboratory analysis while a mathematical computational method was used for the estimation of the potential bioenergy of the residues. A total of 145.2 PJ (40.3 TWh) of the potential bioenergy estimated from the residues is equal to approximately one-half of the total electricity consumption of 26.26 TWh in the country in 2016. The energy potential also represents 4,604 MW of electricity and the current national electric power generating capacity fluctuates between 4000-5000 MW. A total of 9416991 Gg of emissions that could be saved using the residues for power generation was also calculated for all the geopolitical zones. Findings revealed that the bioenergy potential of 4,604 MW estimated from the selected corn residues can produce a substantial amount of the national electricity demand. The estimated emissions potential is mainly from carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH4) known for their high level of anthropogenic environmental pollution. © 2006-2020 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN).","Bioenergy; Cob; Emission; Nigeria; Renewable energy; Stalk; Straw",,,,,,"Tertiary Education Trust Fund, TETFund","The authors would like to thank the Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund), Nigeria, for its financial support through Institution Based Research (IBR) grant.",,"Abdelhady, S., Borello, D., Shaban, A., Technoeconomic assessment of biomass power plant fed with rice straw: Sensitivity and parametric analysis of the performance and the lcoe, Renew (2018) Energy, 115, pp. 1026-1034; Williams, C.L., Westover, T.L., Emerson, R.M., Tumuluru, J.S., Li, C., Sources of biomass feedstock variability and the potential impact on biofuels production (2016) Bio Energy Res, 9, pp. 1-14; Li, C.Y., Shen, Y., Wu, Y.J., Dai, J.Y., Wang, C., Experimental and modelling investigation of an integrated biomass gasifier-engine-generator system for power generation and waste heat recovery (2019) Energy Conv. Manag, 199; Situmorang, Y.A., Zhao, Z., Yoshida, A., Kasai, Y., Abudula, A., Guan, G., Potential power generation on a small-scale separated-type biomass gasification system (2019) Energy, 179, pp. 19-29; He, J., Liu, Y., Lin, B., Should China support the development of biomass power generation? (2018) Energy, 163, pp. 416-425; Coyle, E.D., Simmons RA (2014) Understanding the global energy crisis, , United States of America, Purdue University Press; Cunado, J., Gracia, F.P., Oil prices, economic activity and inflation: evidence for some Asian Countries (2005) Quart. Rev Econ Fin, 45, pp. 65-83; Mohammed, Y.S., Bashir, N., Mustafa, M.W., Biogenic waste methane emissions and methane optimization for bioelectricity in Nigeria (2013) Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev, 25, pp. 643-654; http://www.fao.org/countryprofiles/index/en/?iso3=NGA; Juliet, B.I., Vasilije, M., Philip, L., Biomass resources and biofuels potential for the production of transportation fuels in Nigeria (2016) Renew. Sustain. 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Atmos, 108, pp. 1-23; Jain, N., Bhatia, A., Pathak, H., Emission of air pollutants from crop residue burning in India (2014) Aerosol and Air Qual. Res, 14, pp. 422-430; (2006), https://www.ipccnggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/; Streets, D.G., Yarber, K.F., Woo, J.H., Carmichael, G.H., Biomass burning in Asia: Annual and seasonal estimates and atmospheric emissions (2003) Global Biogeochemical Cycl, 17, pp. 1-20; Cao, G., Zhang, X., Gong, S., Zheng, F., Investigation on emission factors of particulate matter and gaseous pollutants from crop residue burning (2008) Environ. 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Energy Rev, 15, pp. 404-415; Jekayinfa, S.O., Scholz, V., Potential availability of energetically usable crop residues in Nigeria (2009) Energy Sources, Part A: Recov.Utiliz. Environ. Effects, 31, pp. 687-697; Kartha, S., Larson, L.D., Bioenergy primer: modernised biomass energy for sustainable development (2000) United Nations Development Programmes (UNDP); Annual Agricultural Production Statistics (2017); Cheng, Z., Wang, S.X., Fu, X., Watson, J.G., Jiang, J.S., Fu, Q.Y., Chen, C.H., Hao, J.M., Impact of biomass burning on haze pollution in the Yangtze River delta, China: a case study in summer 2011, Atmos (2014) Chem. and Phys, 14, pp. 4573-4585; He, Q.S., Zhao, X.Y., Lu, J., Zhou, G.Q., Yang, H.Q., Gao, W., Yu, W., Cheng, T.T., Impacts of biomass-burning on aerosol properties of a severe haze event over Shanghai (2015) Particuology, 20, pp. 52-60; Huang, K.H., Fu, J.S., Hsu, H.C., Gao, Y., Dong, X., Tsay, S.C., Lam, Y.F., Impact assessment of biomass burning on air quality in Southeast and East Asia during BASE-ASIA (2012) Atmos. Environ, 78, pp. 291-302; Li, H.Y., Han, Z.W., Cheng, T.T., Du, H.H., Kong, L.D., Chen, J.M., Zhang, R.J., Wang, W.J., Agricultural Fire Impacts on the Air Quality of Shanghai during Summer Harvesttime (2009) Aerosol and Air Qual. Res, 10, pp. 95-101; Gadde, B., Bonnet, S., Menke, C., Garivait, S., Air pollutant emissions from rice straw open field burning in India, Thailand and the Philippines (2009) Environ. Pollut, 157, pp. 1554-1558; Zhang, H.F., Hu, J., Qi, Y.X., Li, C.L., Chen, J.M., Wang, X.M., He, J.W., Chai, F.H., Emission characterization, environmental impact, and control measure of PM2.5 emitted from agricultural crop residue burning in China (2016) J Cleaner Prod, 149, pp. 629-635; Global energy data at your fingertips (2018), iea.org",,,,"Asian Research Publishing Network",,,,,18196608,,,,"English","ARPN J. Eng. Appl. Sci.",Article,"Final","",Scopus,2-s2.0-85106774121
"Kumar P.","57714840000;","Experimental and numerical analysis of heat dissipation from a cylindrical biomass pellet for gasification",2020,"European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings",,,,"411","415",,,,"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097394376&partnerID=40&md5=c805fca1e88dcce45d290ab31b809f8a","Biomass Gasification Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India","Kumar, P., Biomass Gasification Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India","Experimental and numerical analysis was conducted to the heat dissipation analysis in pearl millet cob pellets to understand the thermophysical properties, mainly specific heat capacity and pellet thermal conductivity in the gasification. The pearl millet cob pellets were assumed to be a perfect cylinder in this investigation. The parameters included a variation in the central of cylinder pellet temperature and airflow rate with time is determined. The model was developed by solid works in 2019 and mapped using the ANSYS R15.0 Fluent code. The experiment on the application of heat transfer in Pearl millet cob pellet was performed to understand the thermal properties of millet cob pellet fluent software. The result illustrates that the simulated temperature profile shows the similar characteristics of the actual experimental findings. © 2020, ETA-Florence Renewable Energies. All Rights Reserved.","Corncob; Eucalyptus; Heating rate; TGA","Application programs; Cylinders (shapes); Gasification; Heat transfer; Numerical analysis; Specific heat; Thermal conductivity; Air flow-rate; Biomass pellets; Corncob; Eucalypti; Experimental and numerical analysis; Fluent code; Pearl millet; Solid works; Specific heat capacity; TGA; Pelletizing",,,,,"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, IIITD","The authors wish to thank the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi for providing the opportunity to conduct research work and support.",,"Ma, H., Ding, Z., Cao, Y., Lv, X., Lu, W., Shen, X., Characteristics of the heat transfer from a horizontal rotating cylinder surface (2015) Exp Therm Fluid Sci, 66, pp. 235-242; Elsayed, A.O., Ibrahim, E.Z., Elsayed, S.A., Free convection from a constant heat flux elliptic tube (2003) Energy Convers Manag, 44, pp. 2445-2453; Dhinakaran, S., Ponmozhi, J., Heat transfer from a permeable square cylinder to a flowing fluid (2011) Energy Convers Manag, 52, pp. 2170-2182; Bovand, M., Rashidi, S., Esfahani, J.A., Enhancement of heat transfer by nanofluids and orientations of the equilateral triangular obstacle (2015) Energy Convers Manag, 97, pp. 212-223; Dhiman, A.K., Chhabra, R.P., Eswaran, V., Steady mixed convection across a confined square cylinder (2008) Int Commun Heat Mass Tran, 35, pp. 47-55; Ali, M., Zeitoun, O., Nuhait, A., Forced convection heat transfer over horizontal triangular cylinder in cross flow (2011) Int J Therm Sci, 50, pp. 106-114; Hatton, A., James, D., Swire, H., Combined forced and natural convection with lowspeed air flow over horizontal cylinders (1970) J Fluid Mech, 42, pp. 17-31; Buyruk, E., Johnson, M.W., Owen, I., Numerical and experimental study of flow and heat transfer around a tube in cross-flow at low Reynolds number (1998) Int J Heat Fluid, 19, pp. 223-232; Ibrahim, T.A., Gomaa, A., Thermal performance criteria of elliptic tube bundle in crossflow (2009) Int J Therm Sci, 48, pp. 2148-2158; Terukazu, O., Hideya, N., Yukiyasu, T., Heat transfer and flow around an elliptic cylinder (1984) Int J Heat Mass Tran, 27, pp. 1771-1779; Ball, K., Farouk, B., Convection heat transfer from a rotating cylinder (1985) Int J Heat Mass Trans, 28, pp. 1921-1935; Vest, C.M., Lawson, M., Onset of convection near a suddenly heated horizontal wire (1972) Int J Heat Mass Tran, 15, pp. 1281-1283; Sparrow, E., Lee, L., Analysis of mixed convection about a horizontal cylinder (1976) Int J Heat Mass Tran, 19, pp. 229-232; Lin, F., Chao, B., Addendum, Laminar free convection over two-dimensional and axisymmetric bodies of arbitrary contour (1976) J Heat Tran, 98, pp. 344-344; Badr, H., A theoretical study of laminar mixed convection from a horizontal cylinder in a cross stream (1983) Int J Heat Mass Tran, 26, pp. 639-653; Kaminski, D., Fu, X., Jensen, M., Numerical and experimental analysis of combined convective and radiative heat transfer in laminar flow over a circular cylinder (1995) Int J Heat Mass Tran, 38, pp. 3161-3169; Nada, S., El-Batsh, H., Moawed, M., Heat transfer and fluid flow around semicircular tube in cross flow at different orientations (2007) Heat Mass Tran, 43, p. 1157","Kumar, P.; Biomass Gasification Laboratory, India; email: Praveen.Kumar@rdat.iitd.ac.in","Mauguin P.Scarlat N.Grassi A.Helm P.",,"ETA-Florence Renewable Energies","28th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, e-EUBCE 2020","6 July 2020 through 9 July 2020",,251409,22825819,,,,"English","European Biomass Conf. Exhib. Proc.",Conference Paper,"Final","",Scopus,2-s2.0-85097394376
"Al Aqtash U., Bandini P.","56856802900;26640944100;","Influence of wall thickness and water content on the out-of-plane stability of adobe walls",2020,"Infrastructures","5","9","78","","",,,"10.3390/INFRASTRUCTURES5090078","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85094890145&doi=10.3390%2fINFRASTRUCTURES5090078&partnerID=40&md5=82488fff29b81ad3f1b643f54cd84684","Department of Civil Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM  88003-8001, United States; Department of Architectural Engineering, Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan","Al Aqtash, U., Department of Civil Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM  88003-8001, United States, Department of Architectural Engineering, Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan; Bandini, P., Department of Civil Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM  88003-8001, United States","This paper presents the results of a numerical study using the finite element method to assess the effect of wall thickness and a moist region along the wall base on the out-of-plane lateral stability of adobe walls. The models consisted of cantilever unreinforced adobe walls with a thickness of 25 cm, 30 cm, and 40 cm. Numerical analyses were performed for four lengths (L) of the moist region and for dry walls. The moist region was modelled with material characteristics corresponding to partially saturated and nearly saturated adobe. The results showed the detrimental effect of moisture along the lower portion of the wall on the out-of-plane lateral strength. The out-of-plane lateral strength reduction ratio dropped significantly as L increased. A high slenderness ratio was found to be critical for cantilever adobe walls when L extended beyond half of the wall length. The results provided insights concerning the role of wall thickness in the stability against overturning. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).","Adobe masonry; Finite element model; Out-of-plane stability; Slenderness ratio; Water content",,,,,,"National Science Foundation, NSF: EEC-1449501","Funding: This material is based upon work primarily supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) under NSF Award Number EEC-1449501. Any opinions, findings and conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the NSF.","This material is based upon work primarily supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) under NSF Award Number EEC-1449501. Any opinions, findings and conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the NSF.","Heathcote, K., The thermal performance of earth buildings (2011) Inf. Construcción, 63, pp. 117-126. , [CrossRef]; Rainer, L., Deterioration and pathology of earthen architecture (2008) Terra Literature Review, an Overview of Research in Earthen Architecture Conservation, pp. 45-61. , Avrami, E., Guillaud, H., Hardy, M., Eds.; The Getty Conservation Institute: Los Angeles, CA, USA; Preservation Brief 5: Preservation of Historic Adobe Buildings, , https://www.nps.gov/tps/how-to-preserve/briefs/5-adobe-buildings.htm, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. (accessed on 25 September 2019); Crosby, A., Monitoring moisture at Tumacacori (1987) Apartm. Bull, 4, pp. 32-44. , [CrossRef]; (2006) Adobe Conservation: A Preservation Handbook, pp. 51-56. , Cornerstones Community Partnerships. Sunstone Press: Santa Fe, NM, USA; Zelkowski, P., (2020) Sensor Installation for Monitoring of Volumetric Water Content and Temperature in Walls of a Historic Adobe Building, , Master's Thesis, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA; (2015) New Mexico Earthen Building Materials Code, Construction Industries Division of the Regulation and Licensing Department, , http://164.64.110.134/parts/title14/14.007.0004.html, 14.7.4 NMAC (11/15/2016). (accessed on 25 September 2019); Wosick, E., Gebremariam, T., Weldon, B., Bandini, P., Al-Aqtash, U., Strength characteristics of typical adobe material in the Southwestern United States (2014) Proceedings of the 9th International Masonry Conference, , Guimarães, Portugal, 7-9 July; Al Aqtash, U., Bandini, P., Prediction of unsaturated shear strength of an adobe soil from the soil-water characteristic curve (2015) Constr. Build. Mater, 98, pp. 892-899. , [CrossRef]; Martins, T., Fernandez, J., Varum, H., Influence of moisture on the mechanical properties of load-bearing adobe masonry walls (2019) Int. J. Arch. Herit, 13, pp. 841-854. , [CrossRef]; Li Piani, T., Weerheijm, J., Peroni, M., Koene, L., Krabbenborg, D., Solomos, G., Sluys, L.J., Dynamic behaviour of adobe bricks in compression: The role of fibres and water content at various loading rates (2020) Constr. Build. Mater, 230, p. 117038. , [CrossRef]; Zonno, G., Aguilar, R., Boroschek, R., Lourenço, P.B., Experimental analysis of the thermohygrometric effects on the dynamic behavior of adobe systems (2019) Constr. Build. Mater, 208, pp. 158-174. , [CrossRef]; Oliver, A., (2000) Fort Selden Adobe Test Wall Project Phase I: Final Report, , The Getty Conservation Institute: Los Angeles, CA, USA; Memari, A.M., Grossenbacher, S.V., Iulo, L.D., Comparative evaluation of structural and water penetration performance of three different masonry wall types for residential construction (2012) J. Civ. Eng. Sci, 1, pp. 9-21; San Bartolomé, A., Quiun, D., Cabrera, D., Huaynate, W., Romero, I., Pereyra, J., Experimental study on adobe walls with long term water exposure due to floods (2013) Proceedings of the 12th Canadian Masonry Symposium, , Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2-5 June; Savary, M., Mehdizadeh Saradj, F., Shayganmanesh, M., Tahmasebiboldaji, N., Sadat Kazemi, A., Improving the adobe material properties by laser material processing (2020) Constr. Build. Mater, 249, p. 118591. , [CrossRef]; Tarque, N., (2011) Numerical Modelling of the Seismic Behavior of Adobe Buildings, , Ph.D. Thesis, Università degli Studi “G. d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Tarque, N., Camata, G., Spacone, E., Blondet, M., Varum, H., The use of continuum model for analyzing adobe structures (2012) Proceedings of the 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, , Lisbon, Portugal, 24-28 September Paper No. 0128; Illampas, R., Charmpis, D.C., Ioannou, I., Laboratory testing and finite element simulation of the structural response of an adobe masonry building under horizontal loading (2014) Eng. Struct, 80, pp. 362-376. , [CrossRef]; Hashemi Rafsanjani, S., Bakhshi, A., Ghannad, M.A., Yekrangnia, M., Soumi, F., Predictive tri-linear benchmark curve for in-plane behavior of adobe walls (2015) Int. J. Arch. Herit, 9, pp. 986-1004. , [CrossRef]; Al Aqtash, U., Bandini, P., Cooper, S.L., Numerical approach to model the effect of moisture in adobe masonry walls subjected to in-plane loading (2017) Int. J. Arch. Herit, 11, pp. 805-815. , [CrossRef]; Sadeghi, N., Oliveira, D., Correia, V.M., Azizi-Bondarabadi, H., Orduña, A., Seismic performance of historical vaulted adobe constructions: A numerical case study from Yazd, Iran (2018) Int. J. Arch. Herit, 12, pp. 879-897. , [CrossRef]; Parisi, F., Balestrieri, C., Varum, H., Nonlinear finite element model for traditional adobe masonry (2019) Constr. Build. Mater, 223, pp. 450-462. , [CrossRef]; Lourenço, P.B., (1996) Computational Strategies for Masonry Structures, , Ph.D. Thesis, Delft University, Delft, The Netherlands; Blondet, M., Madueño, I., Torrealva, D., Villa-García, G., Ginocchio, F., Using industrial materials for the construction of safe adobe houses in seismic areas (2005) Proceedings of the Earth Build 2005, , Sydney, Australia, 19-21 January; Varela-Rivera, J.L., Navarrete-Macias, D., Fernandez-Baqueiro, L.E., Moreno, E.I., Out-of-plane behaviour of confined masonry walls (2011) Eng. Struct, 33, pp. 1734-1741. , [CrossRef]; Bean Popehn, J.R., Schultz, A.E., Lu, M., Stolarski, H.K., Ojard, N.J., Influence of transverse loading on the stability of slender unreinforced masonry walls (2008) Eng. Struct, 30, pp. 2830-2839. , [CrossRef]; Blondet, M., Vargas, J., Tarque, N., Observed behavior of earthen structures during the Pisco earthquake (Peru) (2008) Proceedings of the 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, , Beijing, China, 12-17 October; Dowling, D.M., Adobe housing in El Salvador: Earthquake performance and seismic improvement (2004) Natural Hazards in El Salvador, 375, pp. 281-300. , Rose, W.I., Bommer, J.J., López, D.I., Carr, M.J., Major, J.J., Eds.; Geological Society of America: Boulder, CO, USA, [CrossRef]; Tolles, E.L., Webster, F.A., Crosby, A., Kimbro, E.E., (1996) Survey of Damage to Historic Adobe Buildings after the January 1994 Northridge Earthquake, , GCI Scientific Program Reports; Getty Conservation Institute: Los Angeles, CA, USA; Aqtash, U.A., (2014) An Experimental and Numerical Study of Moisture Effects on Soil Strength and Performance of Adobe Walls, , Ph.D. Thesis, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA; Aqtash, U.A., Bandini, P., Wall thickness and water content contribution to the out-of-plane instability of adobe walls (2020) Proceedings of the REHABEND 2020: 8th Euro-American Congress on Construction Pathology, Rehabilitation Technology and Heritage Management, , Granada, Spain, 28 September-1 October in pressing; (2017) Abaqus 17.0 Analysis User's Manual, , Dassault Systèmes Simulia Corp. Dassault Systèmes Simulia Corp: Providence, RI, USA; Lee, J., Fenves, G.L., Plastic-damage model for cyclic loading of concrete structures (1998) J. Eng. Mech, 124, pp. 892-900. , [CrossRef]; Lubliner, J., Oliver, J., Oller, S., Oñate, E., A plastic-damage model for concrete (1989) Int. J. Solids. Struct, 25, pp. 299-326. , [CrossRef]; (1998) NZS 4297: Engineering Design of Earth Buildings, , Standards New Zealand. Standards New Zealand: Wellington, New Zealand","Bandini, P.; Department of Civil Engineering, United States; email: paola@nmsu.edu",,,"MDPI AG",,,,,24123811,,,,"English","Infrastructures",Article,"Final","All Open Access, Gold, Green",Scopus,2-s2.0-85094890145
[No author name available],[No author id available],"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science",2018,"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","143","1",,"","",783,,,"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85046106079&partnerID=40&md5=49d38e9cc19403775a2919095446b48b",,"","The proceedings contain 74 papers. The topics discussed include: static behavior of the weld in the joint of the steel support element using experiment and numerical modeling; influence of foundation mass and surface roughness on dynamic response of beam on dynamic foundation subjected to the moving load; immediate and long term effects of compaction on the stress-strain behaviour of soil; bamboo fiberboards and attapulgite: does it lead to an improvement of humidity control in buildings?; thermal changes of the environment and their influence on reinforced concrete structures; influence of microclimate on the sustainability and reliability of weathering steel bridge; ekc analysis and decomposition of influencing factors in building energy consumption of three municipalities in china; numerical analyses of subsoil-structure interaction in original non-commercial software based on fem; hydric characterisation of rammed earth samples for different lime concentrations; design of foundations with sliding joint at areas affected with underground mining; time dependent variation of carrying capacity of prestressed precast beam; a new concept of precast concrete retaining wall: from laboratory model to the in-situ tests; and experimental sensitivity analysis of subsoil-slab behaviour regarding degree of fibre-concrete slab reinforcement.",,,,,,,,,,,,"Bui Q.-B.Tran M.-T.Cajka R.Trinh T.-A.Wets G.Yasar A.U.-H.Woloszyn M.","","Institute of Physics Publishing","2nd International Conference on Sustainable Development in Civil, Urban and Transportation Engineering, CUTE 2018","17 April 2018 through 19 April 2018",,135910,17551307,,,,"English","IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci.",Conference Review,"Final","",Scopus,2-s2.0-85046106079
"Sato M.H.Y., Brasil R.M.L.R.F.","57192871878;6701534594;","FEM applied to rammed earth masonry of Brazilian historical structures",2016,"Masonry International","29","1",,"15","22",,,,"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85008474403&partnerID=40&md5=bb49691c62b4adc202c787cb99b17031","Department of Structural Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-010, Brazil; Department of Aerospace Engineering, Federal University of ABC, CECS, Santo Andre, 09210-580, Brazil","Sato, M.H.Y., Department of Structural Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-010, Brazil; Brasil, R.M.L.R.F., Department of Aerospace Engineering, Federal University of ABC, CECS, Santo Andre, 09210-580, Brazil","This paper is a contribution to establishing a basis for the numerical analysis of traditional Brazilian rammed earth masonry structures. This material, basically earth obtained at the construction site, is a sustainable form of construction, using minimum energy consumption as compared to conventional concrete and steel structures. The main goal of this paper is to establish the mechanical characteristics of this material and confirm an analysis basis for this kind of structure. First, a brief description of the material selection and construction techniques is presented in order to obtain the necessary parameters for the numerical analysis itself. Second, a commercial Finite Element Method code is applied, using a tri dimensional solid model considering rammed earth masonry as a continuous medium. Based on these analyses, it can be noted that ""quite"" slender structural walls made of rammed earth are possible, without reaching unduly high values of compression and tension stresses, as well as maintaining very low strains. © 2016, International Masonry Society. All rights reserved.","Numerical analysis; Rammed earth masonry; Traditional construction",,,,,,"Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, FAPESP; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq","The authors acknowledge support by CNPq, CAPES and FAPESP, all Brazilian research funding agencies.",,"Abiko, A.K., (1980) Tecnologias Apropriadas: Tijolos e Paredes Monolíticas de Solo-cimento, , M.Sc. dissertation, University of São Paulo, Brazil In Portuguese; (1980) Cargas para o Cálculo de Estruturas de Edificações, , Brazilian Association of Technical Standards. NBR 6120. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil In Portuguese; (1984) Tijolo Maciço de Solo-cimento, , Brazilian Association of Technical Standards. NBR 8491. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil In Portuguese; (1990) Solo-cimento - Ensaio de Compressão Simples de Corpos-de-prova Cilíndricos, , Brazilian Association of Technical Standards. NBR 12025. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil In Portuguese; Lourenço, P., (2002) Arquitetura de Terra: Uma Visão de Futuro, , http://www.ikaza.com.pt/presentationlayer/resourcesuser/documentos/estudos/study_terra_futuro.pdf, website Brazil In Portuguese; Moliterno, A., (1981) Caderno de Projetos de Telhados em Estruturas de Madeira, , Ed. Edgard Blücher. São Paulo, Brazil In Portuguese; Montoro, P., Como construir paredes de taipa (1994) Leaflet Developed from the Workshop on Mud Walls, , Produced by ILAM - Latin American Institute and office architect Paulo Montoro and Associates. São Paulo, Brazil; Neves, C.M.M., Inovações tecnológicas em construção com terra na Ibero-América (1995) Workshop: Architecture of Land, pp. 49-60. , Ornstein, S.W. (Org). São Paulo, Brazil In Portuguese; Pisani, M.A.J., (2006) Canteiro Experimental: Prática ou Invenção?, pp. 1-15. , São Paulo, Brazil In Portuguese; Ramos, M.E.R., Cunha, H., Jr., Taipa como processo construtivo: Ensino cooperative entre comunidades, arquitetos e engenheiros (2006) COBENGE 2006, Engineering Education: Undertake and Preserve, , Passo Fundo - RS, Brazil In Portuguese; Silva, A., Rade, D.A., Estudo de ligações pregadas em madeira no sistema leve plataforma (2006) 16°. Symposium Graduate in Mechanical Engineering, , Uberlândia-MG, Brazil In Portuguese; Taveira, E.S.N., (1987) O Solo-cimento no Campo e na Cidade, , Ed. Icone. São Paulo, Brazil In Portuguese; Teixeira, A.H., Godoy, N.S., Análise, projeto e execução de fundação rasas (1996) Foundations: Theory and Practice, pp. 227-264. , Hachich et al. (eds). Ed. Pini, São Paulo, Brazil In Portuguese; (2009) Arquitetura de Terra, , www.abcterra.com.br/construcoes/index.htm, website of the Brazilian association of builders with earth Brazil",,,,"International Masonry Society",,,,,09502289,,,,"English","Masonary Int.",Article,"Final","",Scopus,2-s2.0-85008474403
"Briceño C., Wang Y., Qiao Z., Dong Y., Perucchio R., Aguilar R.","57188956306;57188962662;57188955855;57188956576;7004670471;36719908000;","Seismic analysis of earthen churches: The triumphal arch at Andahuaylillas, Peru",2015,"Civil-Comp Proceedings",,,,"","",,,,"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85013408615&partnerID=40&md5=34306dfd1f1815bef7900e7daf653942","Engineering Department, Civil Engineering Division, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú - PUCP, Peru; Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Rochester, United States","Briceño, C., Engineering Department, Civil Engineering Division, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú - PUCP, Peru; Wang, Y., Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Rochester, United States; Qiao, Z., Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Rochester, United States; Dong, Y., Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Rochester, United States; Perucchio, R., Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Rochester, United States; Aguilar, R., Engineering Department, Civil Engineering Division, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú - PUCP, Peru","The Saint Peter Apostle Church of Andahuaylillas, also known as the Sistine Chapel of Latin America for its magnificent paintings, is an important religious monument dating from the late 16th or early 17th century. This church is representative of a large number of adobe colonial churches in the Andes. Saint Peter Apostle of Andahuaylillas, considered a masterpiece for its historical, architectural and artistic features, was declared part of the Cultural Heritage of Peru in 2010. This paper presents a summary of the preliminary experimental work and numerical analysis that is being conducted for assessing the seismic vulnerability of the monument. The first part briefly discusses the structural pathologies found in the building and the results of the operational modal analysis tests performed to date. As a result of the current damaged state of the triumphal arch of the church, the second part of the study focuses on the assessment of the structural behaviour of the triumphal arch under in plane horizontal accelerations simulating earthquake conditions. Nonlinear finite element models of the triumphal arch, developed using ABAQUS/CAE Explicit and DIANA, are used to identify the critical accelerations leading to collapse and the related damage patterns, as well as to explore the effect of possible geometrical modifications intended to increase the structural capacity of the arch. In the ABAQUS/CAE Explicit models the identification of the collapse parameters is achieved by simulating quasi-static conditions up to complete structural collapse of the arch. ©Civil-Comp Press, 2015.","ABAQUS/CAE; Adobe masonry; Andahuaylillas; DIANA; Finite element; Nonlinear explicit analysis; Pushover analysis; Triumphal arch","ABAQUS; Computer aided engineering; Environmental engineering; Finite element method; Modal analysis; Religious buildings; Seismology; Structural analysis; Adobe masonry; Andahuaylillas; DIANA; Nonlinear explicit analysis; Push-over analysis; Arches",,,,,,,,"Houben, H., Guillaudt, H., Hall, B.B., Earth construction: A comprehensive guide (1994) Intermediate Technology Publications, , London, UK; Giuffre, A., Carocci, C., Vulnerability and mitigation in historical centers in seismic areas: Criteria for the formulation of a ""practice code"" (1996) Proc. of the 11th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering. Elsevier: Acapulco, Mexico; Binda, L., Saisi, A., State of the art of research on historic structures in Italy (2001) Research Report: Polytechnic of Milan, Department of Structural Engineering, Milan, , Italy; Mele, E., De Luca, A., Giordano, A., Modelling and analysis of a basilica under earthquake loading (2003) Journal of Cultural Heritage, 4 (4), pp. 355-367; De Luca, A., Giordano, A., Mele, E., A simplified procedure for assessing the seismic capacity of masonry arches (2004) Engineering Structures, 26 (13), pp. 1915-1929; (2015), www.andahuaylillas.com, Website of the Institutional Social Project in Andahuaylillas; Castillo, M., Kuon, E., Aguirre, C., Saint peter the apostle of andahuaylillas: Tour guide (2012) Association Jesus Obrero, Cusco, Peru; Vargas, J., Aguilar, R., Gonzales, M., Briceño, C., Structural intervention in saint peter the apostle church of andahuaylillas in Cusco, Peru (2013) Proc. of the 13th Ibero-American Seminar on Earthen Architecture and Construction (XIII SIACOT), , Valparaiso, Chile; Aguilar, R., Ramos, L.F., Torrealva, D., Chácara, C., Experimental modal identification of an existent earthen residential building (2013) Proc. of the 5th International Operational Modal Analysis Conference (IOMAC 2013), , Guimaraes, Portugal; Aguilar, R., Sovero, K., Martel, C., Chácara, C., Boroschek, R., Advanced techniques for the seismic protection of existing heritage (2013) BiT la Revista Técnica de la Construcción, 90, pp. 58-61; Fonseca, F., D'Ayala, D., Seismic assessment and retrofitting of Peruvian earthen churches by means of numerical modelling (2012) Proc. of the 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, , Lisbon, Spain; (2013) Displacement Method Analyser, , DIANA, Version 9.4.4. TNO DIANA BV. Delft; (2013) Software for Finite Element Analysis Abaqus/Complete Abaqus Environment, , Abaqus CAE, Version 6.12. Dassault Systémes. Vélizy-Villacoublay; Allemang, J.R., (2003) The Modal Assurance Criterion-twenty Years of use and Abuse. Sound and Vibration, 37 (8), p. 1423; Reglamento de edificaciones del Perú, Norma técnica E.010: Madera (2006) Peruvian Design Code for Wood Structures, , NTE.010, SENCICO: Lima, Peru; Tarque, N., (2011) Numerical Modelling of the Seismic Behaviour of Adobe Buildings, , PhD. Thesis, Università degli Studi di Pavia: Pavia, Italy; Van Der Pluijm, R., (1999) Out of Plane Bending of Masonry: Behaviour and Strength, , PhD thesis, Eindhoven University of Technology: Eindhoven, Netherlands; Lourenço, P.B., Recent advances in masonry structures: Micromodelling and homogenization (2009) Multiscale Modeling in Solid Mechanics: Computational Approaches, pp. 251-294. , ed. U. Galvanetto & M. H. Ferri Aliabadi, Imperial College Press, London, UK",,"Kruis J.Tsompanakis Y.Topping B.H.V.","","Civil-Comp Press","15th International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Computing, CIVIL-COMP 2015","1 September 2015 through 4 September 2015",,126176,17593433,,,,"English","Civil-Comp Proc.",Conference Paper,"Final","",Scopus,2-s2.0-85013408615
[No author name available],[No author id available],"2013 3rd International Conference on Civil Engineering and Building Materials, CEBM 2013",2014,"Advanced Materials Research","831",,,"","",,,,"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84891589095&partnerID=40&md5=ba5fc770a01eda818493d63714737f05",,"","The proceedings contain 99 papers. The special focus in this conference is on Civil Engineering and Building Materials. The topics include: Lime-Crusted rammed earth; flexural strength of SHCC panels dependent on fly ash type and curing condition; influence of blast furnace slag as coarse aggregate on various grades of self compacting concrete; chloride resistance of concrete with marine blended cement using corrosion resistant mineral admixture; development of dry wall panels using fly and bottom ash; sem investigation of the structure of ceramic matrix composite produced from iron-ore waste; development of dry double floor system and new materials used in apartment buildings; analysis of absorption coefficient for eco-friendly acoustical absorbers; influencing factors and new developments of fly ash based geopolymer; brown coal fly ash concrete mixture for industrial waste containment; the heaving perforance of the graded crushed stone at cold region; evaluation of progressive collapse of special steel moment frames; space structure system consisting 3D facade; seismic evaluation of base isolated system equipped with shape memory alloys; structural behavior of FRP tunnel lining; fundamental analysis of the ultimate strength characteristics of R/C arch considering loading conditions; comparison of wind pressure coefficients with wind load provisions; seismic analysis of concrete conical foundation for 5 MWWind Turbine; nonlinear finite element analysis of u shaped steel plate reinforced concrete coupling beams; the damage assessment of steel structures using Fdd method; the analytical study for seismic performance of coupled steel plate shear wall; review of research on the seismic behavior of integral prefabricated prestressed concrete slab-column structure; comparison of bearing capacity of H-shaped members with corrugated web of different wave forms; researches on high-piled wharf cantilever slab cracking causes and reinforcement measures; reviews of cases of construction disputes in Malaysia and its relation with standard form of construction contract; the changeable characteristics of skin construction and the relation of structure-skin; co-authorship networks in asian architecture research domains; impacts of highway snow-melting agents on greening vegetation; analysis on calcination of cementitous powder of waste concrete for raw cement; building sensor grid architecture for large-scale air pollution data management; eco-costs of air pollution on construction equipment: a comparison of different emissions reduction measures; highway construction and ecological environment protection: corn relationship and key principle; the motivation and restriction mechanisms of emission trading in the tai lake basin; estimating the elastic settlement of vertically loaded single piles in rock; 3D numerical analysis of centrifuge tests on embankments on soft and stiff ground; failure of geotextile-reinforced walls in centrifuge model tests; experimental study on the effects of wetting-drying cycles of compacted loess; development of a homogeneous model municipal solid waste identification of the dynamic load supplied on top pier of high speed railway bridge; effect of contraction ratio on hydraulic characteristics and local scour of allotypic hybridtype flip bucket; dynamic properties of long-span steel-concrete composite bridges with external tendons; risk assessment of construction organization plans for bridge projects; the effects of expansive additive on rapid hardening cement grout for semi-rigid pavement; the study of high temperature performance of asphalt modified by Trinidad lake asphalt; study asphalt mixture damage characteristics based on X-CT technology; joint displacement evaluation of a modular road system; numerical analysis of triplet shear test on brickwork masonry; enhancing interoperability of construction data for managing integrated active BIM features; effects of interactive technology on home-based rehabilitation for chronic stroke patient; optimization of interpolation algorithm in survey calculation; speech emotion recognition based on EMD in noisy environments; speech recognition algorithm based on empirical mode decomposition and RBF neural network; deformation analysis of asphalt mixtures with digital image correlation method; deformation analysis of asphalt mixtures with digital image correlation method; development of the JSP basic knowledge learning software; research on algorithm optimization of hidden units data centre of RBF neural network; design and implementation of a face location and five sense organs marking software; a grey system theory in construction industry default prediction; 2D simulation flue implementing the lattice-Boltzmann method; evaluation the drainage system of residential area based on dynamic wave routing algorithm and design and realization of dai writing online dictionary.",,,,,,,,,,,,,"Asia Civil Engineering Association;International Association for Scientific and High Technology;International Science and Engineering Research Center",,"2013 3rd International Conference on Civil Engineering and Building Materials, CEBM 2013","7 December 2013 through 8 December 2013","Hong Kong",101771,10226680,9783037859155,,,"English","Adv. Mater. Res.",Conference Review,"Final","",Scopus,2-s2.0-84891589095