ExaMode focuses on histopathological diagnosis of tissues with the aim of detecting diseases. We take into account the future cancer incidence and mortality burden worldwide which is predicted to be increasing (by 63% from 2018 until 2040); hence, we decided to focus our attention mainly on four use-cases: Colon cancer, Cervix cancer, Lung cancer, Celiac disease In this ontology we model the main aspects concerning these diseases and the patients' histopathological reports concerning them. The focus of the ontology is on the pathological report and not on the diseases and their modeling. The reports can have a positive, negative or inconclusive outcome. The ExaMode ontology defines a formal classification schema to encode the medical reports in histopathology and to define the formal relationships between diseases, their anatomical locations and the procedures to withdrawn and analyse the human tissues. We model the anatomical location of the disease, the main information about the disease itself and the procedure adopted to withdraw and analyse the tissues.
Copyright 2020-2022 University of Padua, Italy Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ You may obtain a copy of the License at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode This work has been supported by the EXAMODE project https://www.examode.eu/ funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the grant agreement No 825292
The EXAMODE ontology
EXAMODE stands for Extreme-scale Analytics via Multimodal Ontology Discovery & Enhancement
This ontology is encoded in OWL 2 DL
Semantic_Type
In general, applying semantic types aids in allowing users (or computer programs) to draw conclusions about concepts by virtue of the categories to which they have been assigned. We use a set of semantic types developed for the UMLS Metathesaurus. There are currently 134 semantic types in the UMLS. NB: this property is different from hasSemanticArea since this property serves as an annotation to give, when possible, a label indicating the semantic type. This label is taken from Ontobee. hasSemanticArea is used instead to give a tag to every entity, identifying what type of entity that is.
Used to specify the semantic type of something.
ha tipo semantico
has semantic type
heeft een semantisch type
A property that represents a description of the sort of thing or category to which a concept belongs in the context of the UMLS semantic network.
To give an alternative definition (coming from another authoritative source) to the annotated entity.
alternatieve definitie
alternative definition
definzione alternativa
A definition coming from a source external to the ones commonly used in Examode, or from a non-authoritative one.
definizione esterna
external definition
externe definitie
Notes about the structure of some entity, e.g. a location or an intervention.
note strutturali
structure notes
structurele opmerkingen
A property to connect an entity to broad synobyms.
ha sinonimi generici
has broad synonym
heeft een breed synoniem
An alias in which the alias exhibits true synonymy.
ha sinonimi esatti
has exact synonym
heeft een exact synoniem
To connect an entity to sinonims that are only related to it, and not completely equivalent to it.
ha sinonimi correlati
has related synonym
heeft verwant synoniem
To connect an entity to strings representing synonims to the xsd:string given as label. They should be accompanies by the annotation specifying the corresponding language.
ha sinonimo
has synonym
heeft synoniem
The cardinality constraint owl:cardinality is a built-in OWL property that links a restriction class to a data value belonging to the range of the XML Schema datatype nonNegativeInteger. A restriction containing an owl:cardinality constraint describes a class of all individuals that have exactly N semantically distinct values (individuals or data values) for the property concerned, where N is the value of the cardinality constraint. Syntactically, the cardinality constraint is represented as an RDF property element with the corresponding rdf:datatype attribute. This construct is in fact redundant as it can always be replaced by a pair of matching owl:minCardinality and owl:maxCardinality constraints with the same value. It is included as a convenient shorthand for the user. The following example describes a class of individuals that have exactly two parents: <owl:Restriction> <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="#hasParent" /> <owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="&xsd;nonNegativeInteger">2</owl:cardinality> </owl:Restriction>
The cardinality constraint owl:maxCardinality is a built-in OWL property that links a restriction class to a data value belonging to the value space of the XML Schema datatype nonNegativeInteger. A restriction containing an owl:maxCardinality constraint describes a class of all individuals that have at most N semantically distinct values (individuals or data values) for the property concerned, where N is the value of the cardinality constraint. Syntactically, the cardinality constraint is represented as an RDF property element with the corresponding rdf:datatype attribute. The following example describes a class of individuals that have at most two parents: <owl:Restriction> <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="#hasParent" /> <owl:maxCardinality rdf:datatype="&xsd;nonNegativeInteger">2</owl:maxCardinality> </owl:Restriction>
The cardinality constraint owl:minCardinality is a built-in OWL property that links a restriction class to a data value belonging to the value space of the XML Schema datatype nonNegativeInteger. A restriction containing an owl:minCardinality constraint describes a class of all individuals that have at least N semantically distinct values (individuals or data values) for the property concerned, where N is the value of the cardinality constraint. Syntactically, the cardinality constraint is represented as an RDF property element with the corresponding rdf:datatype attribute. The following example describes a class of individuals that have at least two parents: <owl:Restriction> <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="#hasParent" /> <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="&xsd;nonNegativeInteger">2</owl:minCardinality> </owl:Restriction> Note that an owl:minCardinality of one or more means that all instances of the class must have a value for the property.
This property is used to annotated classes with a comment representing the rule that we inferred during the process of definition of this ontology. This rule may be implemented to extract entities from a clinical case record. NB: we do not guarantee that these rules are always valid, or that they are the only valid. It may be the case that they are inaccurate since we were only able to infer them from the cases that were provided to us. Treat these annotations only as a documentation of our process and for a first implementation of the entities extractor.
annotated rule
annotatieregel
regola per l'annotazione
In this ontologies different entities were developed to deal with specific entities. This property is used to link one entity to the corresponding disease it was defined for. It is just some more information to keep track of the nature of entities and to what disease they originally belong.
associated disease
geassocieerde ziekte
malattia associata
Property to take notes (for reminding us/ help us define rule/ maybe do some reasoning in the future) about which keywords to look for in the Diagnosis
associated keyword in diagnosis
bijbehorende trefwoorden in de diagnose
parole chiave associate nella diagnosi
Connects one class (a location or a intervention) to the keyword in the field Materiali that, if found, indicates the presence of that class.
associated keyword in materiali
bijbehorende trefwoorden in het veld materialen
parole chiave associate nel field materiali
Property representing the definition in the ontobee website. In later versions of the ontology we prefer rdfs:comment since it is more universally used.
definitie
definition
definizione
A property to connect one entity to the annotations found for that entitiy in the corresponding page in Ontobee (http://www.ontobee.org/).
ha annotazione da Ontobee
has Ontobee annotation
heeft een record van Ontobee
Use this property to annotate one entity with its corresponding SNOMED code.
ha codice SNOMED
has SNOMED code
heeft SNOMED-code
Connects one ontology class or Individual to the semantic area to which it belongs. For example, a Poly is a diagnosis, therefore the Polyp belongs to the semantic area of Diagnosis.
has semantic area
presenta area semantica
presenteert semantisch gebied
Use this property to annotate a resource with some notes that may be useful to those who will work on building the ontology.
internal notes
interne notities
note interne
A field found sometimes for entities taken from Ontobee's ontologies. You can treat it as an ulterior/alternative definition.
note tassonomiche
structurele opmerkinegen
taxon notes
skos vocabulary
related
In this ontology the property maker is used to connect a clinical case report to the organization that produced it. For future possibilities, we put domain and range to owl:Thing.
maker
producent
produttore
The maker property relates something to a Agent that made it. As such it is an inverse of the made property. The name (or other rdfs:label) of the maker of something can be described as the dc:creator of that thing. For example, if the thing named by the URI http://danbri.org/ has a maker that is a Person whose name is 'Dan Brickley', we can conclude that http://danbri.org/ has a dc:creator of 'Dan Brickley'.
If this property is present, it signals the presence of a human papilloma virus (HPV) in the outcome. It needs to have as object the HPV infection named entity.
detected HPV
gedetecteerd HPV
identificato HPV
Signals the presence of Koilocytotic Squamous Cell. It needs to have as object the Koilocytotic Squamous Cell named entity.
detected koilocyte
gedetecteerd koylocite
rilevati coilociti
Links one record to its age group, or "onset".
ha gruppo d'età
has age onset
heeft leeftijdsgroep
Connects one patient to its clinical case report.
ha caso clinico
has clinical case report
heeft een klinische casus
Connects an instance of Polyp of Colon to a named individual of type Dysplasia. Cardinality between 0 and 1.
has dysplasia
heeft dysplasie
presenta displasia
To connect a record with the gender of the corresponding person.
has gender
heeft geslacht
presenta genere
A report is associated to an intervention (or procedure) that was performed to the patient to obtain the tissue used to study the presence (or absence) of the disease.
has intervention
heeft tussenkomst
intervento associato
Connects an intervention (or procedure) to its type.
has intervention type
soort tussenkomst
tipo di intervento
Connects an instance of celiac outcome to an instance of laboratory finding or any of its subclasses.
has laboratory finding
heeft laboratorium bevindingen
presenta risultati di laboratorio
A clinical case record has a location where it is positioned. This property connects an instance of clinical case report (of whatever type) or an Intervention to a location, a member of the class anatomical entity.
has location
heeft locatie
è localizzato in
Every report has an outcome, whatever it may be (positive, negative, inconclusive etc.)
has outcome
heeft uitkomst
presenta risultato
Connects a clinical case report to one slide. This Slide class was generated due to the way Radbound deals with its data. Each patient is associated to one block. Each block is a diagnosis, and it can be associated to one or more slides that helped the medic to reach that diagnosis.
has slide
heeft glijbaan
presenta vetrino
The test performed.
has test
heeft toets
presenta test
Connects an inconclusive outcome to its type.
inconclusive result type
onduidelijk resultaattype
tipo di risultato inconclusivo
This property is used to connect an instance of a clinical case to an instance of Disease. Thus, this property has as a range the disease and you should expect, every time you have a report, to have this property pointing to one of the four instances of disease.
connesso alla malattia
handler om sygdom
is about disease
Connects a positive outcome to its type.
positief resultaattype
positive result type
tipo di risultato positivo
This property is used to connect an outcome instance to a generic annotation which signals the presence of some more information correlating the clinical case. Such information may not be directly pertinent to the disease however it can be still linked to it.
aanwezigheid van
individuata presenza di
presence of
Connects one celiac outcome to the intestinal abnormality detected in the specimen.
aanwezigheid van darm afwijkingen
individuata anomalia intestinale
presence of intestinal abnormality
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context. Property connecting a case to its id. It follows dublin core specification http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/metadata/dcmi-ieee/identifiers/, that says: Recommended practice is to identify the resource by means of a string conforming to an identification system. Examples include International Standard Book Number (ISBN), Digital Object Identifier (DOI), and Uniform Resource Name (URN). Persistent identifiers should be provided as HTTP URIs. In this ontology it is supposed that this property connects a clinical case to a string representing an URL.
identificatore
identifier
The severity of celiac disease according to Marsh classification.
classificazione di Marsh della malattia celiaca
gewijzigde Marsh-classificatie van histologische bevindingen bij coeliakie
modified Marsh classification of histologic findings in celiac disease
The severity of the duodenitis.
duodenitis severity
ernst van duodenitis
gravità della duodenite
Connects the Report to the age of the patient.
età
has age
heeft leeftijd
The block number identifies the part of the image connected to the diagnosis (for Radbound). For AOEC this property is not necessary. We use it to contain the "internal id".
ha numero di blocco
has block number
heeft bloknummer
Connects an instance of clinical case to its diagnosis, i.e. the text written by the doctor.
has textual diagnosis
presenta campo diagnosi
presenteert diagnoseveld
Whether the specimen presents falttened villi.
has flattened villi
heeft afgeplatte villi
presenta villi appiattiti
villi appiattiti, appiattimento dei villi
The determination of the number of the intraepithelial lymphocytes in a sample. [Definition Source: NCI]
intra-epitheliale lymfocythoeveelheid
intraepithelial lymphocyte count
quantità di linfociti intraeppiteliali
LIE, ILE, “linfociti intraepiteliali pari a”, “linfociti”, ”entorociti"
Connects a clinical case report to the name of its corresponding image (the name of the image, e.g. the name of the file).
has image
huidige afbeelding
presenta immagine
Connects a clinical case with the its ID used inside the ExaMode project. This property was thought to connect a case to its id given by the hospitals. In this ontology we use the dc:identifier property to connect one case with an URL identifying it.
has Internal Identifier
heeft interne ID
presenta identificatore interno
Each slide can be associated to its own diagnosis.
has slide diagnosis
heeft dia-geassocieerde diagnose
presenta diagnosi associata al vetrino
Each slide is associated to its own id
has slide id
presenta id vetrino
presenteert dia-id
Connects a immunohistochemical test to its float value
has value
presenta valore
Ratio of villous height to crypt or Lieberkuhn depth
rapporto villi / cripte di Lieberkhun
villi to crypt of Lieberkuhn ratio
villi tot crypte van Lieberkuhn ratio
check the presence of keywords “Rapporto villo cripta”
aantal mitoses per crypte
number of mitosis per crypt
numero di mitosi per cripta
Connects one immunohistochemical test to its boolean value.
presenta outcome
presenteert resultaten
Connects one immunohistochemical test to its string result.
has test result
heeft een testresultaat
Whether the tissue is without villi.
absence of villi
afwezigheid van villi
assenza di villi
focal
mild
mild to moderate
moderate
moderate-severe
not specified
severe
total
The degree of atrophy of villi.
grado di atrofia dei villi
villi atrofie graad
villi degree of atrophy
The distance from point to point along the longest axis of the finger-like projections of the mucosal layer of the duodenum.
duodenum villi lengte
duodenum villi length
lunghezza dei villi del duodeno
"villi" + characterization
An abstract idea or notion; a unit of thought.
An organization that, in the context of the ExaMode program, provides clinical case records. It is usually an Hospital (e.g. AOEC or Radbound).
Organisatie
Organization
Organizzazione
Instelling
Institution
Instituzione
colonic adenomatous polyp; adenomatous polyp of colon; colon adenomatous polyp; adenomatous polyp of the colon; Adenomatous polyp
A polypoid adenoma that arises from and protrudes into the lumen of the colon. Epithelial dysplasia is always present. According to the architectural pattern it is classified as tubular, tubulovillous, or villous. [Definition Source: NCI]
Adenoma
Adenoom
Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. [ Definition Source: FMA : 62955 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 ]
Anatomical Entity
Anatomische Entiteit
Entità Anatomica
A general class to represent all the kionds of annnotations that may be needed in an ExaMode report.
Annotatie
Annotation
Annotazione
A set of checks controlled on an Immunohistochemical test that can only have a boolean result (positive - negative).
Booleaans Controle-Element
Boolean Check Element
Elemento di Controllo Booleano
Thermolysin-like specificity, but is almost confined on acting on polypeptides of up to 30 amino acids (PubMed:15283675, PubMed:8168535). Biologically important in the destruction of opioid peptides such as Met- and Leu-enkephalins by cleavage of a Gly-Phe bond (PubMed:17101991). Able to cleave angiotensin-1, angiotensin-2 and angiotensin 1-9 (PubMed:15283675). Involved in the degradation of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) (PubMed:2531377, PubMed:2972276). Displays UV-inducible elastase activity toward skin preelastic and elastic fibers (PubMed:20876573). [Definition Source: UniProt]
Neprilysin
Consisting of cell surface type I membrane Delta, Epsilon, Gamma, Zeta, and Eta protein subunits with ITAM domains and noncovalently associated with the disulfide bound heterodimeric alpha/beta and gamma/delta TCR, the CD3 complex couples receptor antigen recognition to signal transduction pathways during T-cell activation. During TCR engagement with MHC-associated antigen on host cell surfaces and synapse formation, CD3 activity leads to Tyr-phosphorylated CD3 subunits, Tyr phosphorylation of LAT colocalized in lipid rafts, and MAPK activation. CD3 signal transduction appears to involve LCK, ZAP70, Nck, SLA, SLA2, and DOCK2. CD3 subunits may also associate with the cytoskeleton. CD3 also mediates TCR signal transduction during the developmental transition through positive selection of immature thymocytes to mature CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. (NCI) [Definition Source: NCI]
Cluster of Differentation 3
Presence of the word "CD3"
Protein tyrosine-protein phosphatase required for T-cell activation through the antigen receptor. Acts as a positive regulator of T-cell coactivation upon binding to DPP4. The first PTPase domain has enzymatic activity, while the second one seems to affect the substrate specificity of the first one. Upon T-cell activation, recruits and dephosphorylates SKAP1 and FYN. Dephosphorylates LYN, and thereby modulates LYN activity (By similarity). (Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for human cytomegalovirus protein UL11 and mediates binding of UL11 to T-cells, leading to reduced induction of tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple signaling proteins upon T-cell receptor stimulation and impaired T-cell proliferation. [Definition Source: Uniprot]
Fosfatasi tirosina-proteina tipo recettore C
Receptor-type tyrosine-eiwitfosfatase C.
Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C
Involved in the organization of myofibers. Together with KRT8, helps to link the contractile apparatus to dystrophin at the costameres of striated muscle. [Definition Source: UniProt]
Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 19
Plays a significant role in maintaining keratin filament organization in intestinal epithelia. When phosphorylated, plays a role in the secretion of mucin in the small intestine. [Definition Source: UniProt]
Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 20
One of the tests that can be made for the lung cancer.
Cytokeratin 34bE12
Cytokeratin 5/6 Expression; CK 5/6 Immunohistochemical Expression; CK 5/6 Expression; CK5/6; Cytokeratin 5/6 Immunohistochemical Expression
An immunohistochemical diagnostic test utilizing an antibody to detect both cytokeratin 5 and 6 in tissues. [Definition Source: NCIT]
Cytokeratin 5/6
In the hair cortex, hair keratin intermediate filaments are embedded in an interfilamentous matrix, consisting of hair keratin-associated protein (KRTAP), which are essential for the formation of a rigid and resistant hair shaft through their extensive disulfide bond cross-linking with abundant cysteine residues of hair keratins. The matrix proteins include the high-sulfur and high-glycine-tyrosine keratins. [Definition Source: UniProt]
Keratin-associated protein 5-9
Blocks interferon-dependent interphase and stimulates DNA synthesis in cells. Involved in the translational regulation of the human papillomavirus type 16 E7 mRNA (HPV16 E7). [Definition Source: UniProt]
Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 7
Pancreastatin: Strongly inhibits glucose induced insulin release from the pancreas. Catestatin: Inhibits catecholamine release from chromaffin cells and noradrenergic neurons by acting as a non-competitive nicotinic cholinergic antagonist (PubMed:15326220). Displays antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria S.aureus and M.luteus, and Gram-negative bacteria E.coli and P.aeruginosa (PubMed:15723172 and PubMed:24723458). Can induce mast cell migration, degranulation and production of cytokines and chemokines (PubMed:21214543). Acts as a potent scavenger of free radicals in vitro (PubMed:24723458). May play a role in the regulation of cardiac function and blood pressure (PubMed:18541522). Serpinin: Regulates granule biogenesis in endocrine cells by up-regulating the transcription of protease nexin 1 (SERPINE2) via a cAMP-PKA-SP1 pathway. This leads to inhibition of granule protein degradation in the Golgi complex which in turn promotes granule formation. Miscellaneous Binds calcium with a low-affinity. [Definition Source: UniProt]
Chromogranin-A
Chromogranina
Class describing biological entities related to celiac disease.
Celiac Anatomical Entity
Coeliakie Anatomische Entiteit
Entità Anatomica relativa alla Celiachia
Class representing all the celiac disease clinical cases.
Caso Clinico di Malattia Celiaca
Celiac Clinical Case Report
Klinisch Geval van Coeliakie
Finding in celiac outcomes.
Celiac Disease Finding
Coeliakie Vinden
Scoperta riguardo la Malattia Celiaca
Class describing interventions or procedures related to celiac disease.
Celiac Disease Intervention or Procedure
Coeliakie Tussenkomst of Procedure
Intervento o Procedura relativa allla Malattia Celiaca
Class describing the type of intervention or procedure related to celiac disease.
Celiac Disease Intervention or Procedure Type
Tipo di Intervento o Procedura relativa allla Malattia Celiaca
Type Coeliakie Tussenkomst of Procedure
Class representing all outcomes of celiac clinical case report.
Celiac Outcome
Resultaat van Coeliakie
Risultato di Malattia Celiaca
Class describing for which type of celiac disease the clinical case tested positive.
Celiac Positive Outcome Type
Tipo di Risultato Positivo alla Malattia Celiaca
Type Coeliakie Positief Resultaat
Positive Outcome, i.e., something related to celiac disease has been found in the patient.
Celiac Positive Outcome
Positieve Uitkomst van Coeliakie
Risultato Positivo di Malattia Celiaca
Class describing surgical procedures related to celiac disease.
Celiac Disease Surgical Procedure
Coeliakie Chirurgische Ingreep
Intervento Chirurgico relativo allla Malattia Celiaca
Class describing surgical procedure type related to celiac disease.
Celiac Disease Surgery Type
Tipo di Intervento Chirurgico relativo alla Malattia Celiaca
Type Coeliakie Chirurgische Ingreep
Class describing biological entities related to cervix cancer.
Baarmoederhals Anatomische Entiteit
Cervix Anatomical Entity
Entità Anatomica relativa al Tumore alla Cervice
Class representing the clinical cases about cervix cancer.
Caso Clinico di Cancro alla Cervice
Cervix Clinical Case Report
Klinisch Geval van Baarmoederhalskanker
Class describing interventions or procedures related to cervix cancer.
Baarmoederhalskanker Tussenkomst of Procedure
Cervix Cancer Intervention or Procedure
Intervento o Procedura relativa al Cancro alla Cervice
Class describing the type of intervention or procedure related to cervix cancer.
Cervix Intervention or Procedure Type
Tipo di Intervento o Procedura relativa al Cancro alla Cervice
Type Baarmoederhalskanker Tussenkomst of Procedure
Class representing all outcomes of cervix clinical case reports.
Cervix Outcome
Resultaat van Baarmoederhalskanker
Risultato di Cancro alla Cervice
Class describing for which type of cervix cancer the clinical case tested positive.
Cervix Positive Outcome Type
Tipo di Risultato Positivo al Cancro alla Cervice
Type Baarmoederhalskanker Positief Resultaat
Positive Outcome, i.e., something related to cervix cancer has been found in the patient.
Cervix Positive Outcome
Positieve Uitkomst van Baarmoederhalskanker
Risulato Positivo di Cancro alla Cervice
Class describing surgical procedures related to cervix cancer.
Baarmoederhalskanker Chirurgische Ingreep
Cervix Cancer Surgical Procedure
Intervento Chirurgico relativo al Cancro alla Cervice
Class describing surgical procedure type related to cervix cancer.
Cervix Surgery Type
Tipo di Intervento Chirurgico relativo al Tumore alla Cervice
Type Baarmoederhalskanker Chirurgische Ingreep
This is a set of elements containing all the possible checks that a patient may do for a generic disease.
Check Element
Controleer Element
Controllo
A malignant neoplasm composed of glandular epithelial clear cells. Various architectural patterns may be seen, including papillary, tubulocystic, and solid. [Definition Source: NCI]
Adenocarcinoma a Cellule Chiare
Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma
Heldercellig Adenocarcinoom
MSH: An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of varying combinations of clear and hobnail-shaped tumor cells. There are three predominant patterns described as tubulocystic, solid, and papillary. These tumors, usually located in the female reproductive organs, have been seen more frequently in young women since 1970 as a result of the association with intrauterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed),NCI: A rare type of tumor, usually of the female genital tract, in which the insides of the cells look clear when viewed under a microscope.,NCI: A malignant neoplasm comprising glandular epithelial clear cells.,NCI: A malignant neoplasm composed of glandular epithelial clear cells. Various architectural patterns may be seen, including papillary, tubulocystic, and solid.
This is the main class of the ontology. The Clinical Case is one record in the database, and in this version of the ontology may be of one of four diseases: celiac disease, lung cancer, cervix cancer, colon cancer. This class is sub-instantiated to the other different sub-classes
Caso clinico
Clinical Case Report
Klinisch Casusrapport
Class describing biological entities related to colon cancer.
Colon Anatomical Entity
Dikke Darm Anatomische Entiteit
Entità Anatomica relativa al Tumore al Colon
Class representing all colon cancer cases.
Caso Clinico di Cancro al Colon
Colon Clinical Case Report
Klinisch Geval van Darmkanker
Hyperplastic Colonic Polyp; Colon HP; Metaplastic Polyp of the Colon; Metaplastic Polyp of Colon; Metaplastic Colonic Polyp; Hyperplastic Polyp of the Colon; Metaplastic Colon Polyp; Hyperplastic Polyp of Colon; Colon Metaplastic Polyp; Colon MP; Colon Hyperplastic Polyp; Colonic Hyperplastic Polyp
A serrated polypoid lesion that arises in the colon. It is usually found in the distant colon and it rarely produces symptoms. This group includes goblet cell rich, mucin poor, and microvesicular hyperplastic polyps. [Definition Source: NCI]
Colon Hyperplastic Polyp
Polipo Iperplastico del Colon
inflammatory polyp of colon; inflammatory polyp of the colon; colonic inflammatory polyp.
A non-neoplastic polypoid lesion in the colon. It may arise in a background of inflammatory bowel disease or colitis. It is characterized by the presence of a distorted epithelium, inflammation, and fibrosis. [Definition Source: NCI]
Colon Inflammatory Polyp
Colon Ontstekingspoliep
Polipo Infiammatorio del Colon
Class describing interventions or procedures related to colon cancer.
Colon Cancer Intervention or Procedure
Darmkanker Tussenkomst of Procedure
Intervento o Procedura relativa al Cancro al Colon
Class describing the type of intervention or procedure related to colon cancer.
Colon Intervention or Procedure Type
Tipo di Intervento o Procedura relativa al Cancro al Colon
Type Darmkanker Tussenkomst of Procedure
Class representing all outcomes of colon clinical case reports.
Colon Outcome
Resultaat van Darmkanker
Risultato di Cancro al Colon
Class describing for which type of colon cancer the clinical case tested positive.
Colon Positive Outcome Type
Tipo di Risultato Positivo al Cancro al Colon
Type Darmkanker Positief Resultaat
colon polyp; polyp of the colon; colonic polyp
A polyp that involves the colon. [Definition Source: MONDO]
Poliep van de Dikke Darm
Polipo del Colon
Polyp of Colon
Positive Outcome, i.e., something related to colon cancer has been found in the patient.
Colon Positive Outcome
Positieve Uitkomst van Darmkanker
Risulato Positivo di Cancro al Colon
Class describing surgical procedures related to colon cancer.
Colon Cancer Surgical Procedure
Darmkanker Chirurgische Ingreep
Intervento Chirurgico relativo al Cancro al Colon
Class describing surgical procedure type related to colon cancer.
Colon Surgery Type
Tipo di Intervento Chirurgico relativo al Tumore al Colon
Type Darmkanker Chirurgische Ingreep
A usually polypoid neoplasm that arises from the glandular epithelium of the colonic mucosa. It is characterized by a tubular architectural pattern. The neoplastic glandular cells have dysplastic features. [Definition Source: NCI]
Adenoma Tubulare del Colon
Colon Tubulair Adenoom
Colon Tubular Adenoma
Tubulovillous Adenoma of Colon; Colon Tubulovillous Adenoma; Tubulovillous Adenoma of the Colon; Colonic Tubulovillous Adenoma
A neoplasm that arises from the glandular epithelium of the colonic mucosa. It is characterized by tubular and villous architectural patterns. The neoplastic glandular cells have dysplastic features. [Definition Source: NCI]
Adenoma Tubulovilloso del Colon
Colon Tubulovillous Adenoma
Colon Tubulovillous Adenoom
A villous adenoma that involves the colon. [Definition Source: NCI]
Adenoma del Colon Villoso
Colon Villous Adenoma
Colon Villous Adenoom
Component of intercellular desmosome junctions. Involved in the interaction of plaque proteins and intermediate filaments mediating cell-cell adhesion. May contribute to epidermal cell positioning (stratification) by mediating differential adhesiveness between cells that express different isoforms. [Definition Source: UniProt]
Desmocollin-3
A disease is a disposition to undergo pathological processes that exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism. [Definition Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3041577/]
Disease or Disorder
Malattia o Disturbo
Ziekte of Aandoening
duodenitis; duodenum inflammation; inflammation of duodenum
A form of inflammation
Acute or chronic inflammation of the duodenum. Causes include bacterial and viral infections and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Symptoms include vomiting and abdominal pain. [Definition Source: NCI]
Duodenite
Duodenitis
Dyscrasia; Dysplasia; Dysplastic; dyscrasia; dysplasia
A usually neoplastic transformation of the cell, associated with altered architectural tissue patterns. The cellular changes include nuclear and cytoplasmic abnormalities. Molecular genetic abnormalities are also often found and, in some instances, may lead to cancer.
A usually neoplastic transformation of the cell, associated with altered architectural tissue patterns. The cellular changes include nuclear and cytoplasmic abnormalities. Molecular genetic abnormalities are also often found and, in some instances, may lead to cancer. [Definition Source: NCI]
Displasia
Dysplasia
Dysplasie
A meaningful interpretation of data or observations resulting from planned evaluations. Compare to conclusion, hypothesis. See also general observation class, intervention, event. A meaningful interpretation of data or observations resulting from planned evaluations. Compare to conclusion, hypothesis. See also general observation class, intervention, event. [Definition Source: NCI]
Finding
Scoperta
Vinden
A set of checks that can be performed on a Immunohistochemical Test that present a float as output value.
Elemento di Controllo del Galleggiante
Float Check Element
Voltter Controle-Element
Characteristics of people that are socially constructed, including norms, behaviors, and roles based on sex. As a social construct, gender varies from society to society and can change over time. (Adapted from WHO.) [Definition Source: NCI]
Gender
Genere Biologico
Geslacht
Protein tyrosine kinase that is part of several cell surface receptor complexes, but that apparently needs a coreceptor for ligand binding. Essential component of a neuregulin-receptor complex, although neuregulins do not interact with it alone. GP30 is a potential ligand for this receptor. Regulates outgrowth and stabilization of peripheral microtubules (MTs). Upon ERBB2 activation, the MEMO1-RHOA-DIAPH1 signaling pathway elicits the phosphorylation and thus the inhibition of GSK3B at cell membrane. This prevents the phosphorylation of APC and CLASP2, allowing its association with the cell membrane. In turn, membrane-bound APC allows the localization of MACF1 to the cell membrane, which is required for microtubule capture and stabilization. [Definition Source: UniProt]
HER2 (CB11)
A cervix disease may present or not the human papilloma virus.
An infectious process caused by a human papillomavirus. This infection can cause abnormal tissue growth.
Humaan Papillomavirus-Infectie
Human Papilloma Virus Infection
Infezione da Papillomavirus Umano
presence of code D0445** in field 'Diagnosi'
Human papilloma Virus infection; Human papillomavirus disease or disorder; Human Papillomavirus infection; Human papillomavirus infectious disease; Human papillomavirus caused disease or disorder
A diagnostic test in which an antibody is used to link a cellular antigen specifically to a stain that can be seen with a microscope. [Definition Source: NCI]
Immunohistochemical Test
Immunohistochemische Test
Test Immunoistochimico
presence of word “CD3”/“test immunoistochimico” /“colorazione immunoistochimica”
Antigen aggregation with antibody, in the right ratios, to cause precipitation. [Definition Source: NCI]
Immunoprecipitatie
Immunoprecipitation
Immunoprecipitazione
Inconclusive Outcome. Not enough tissue or not enough evidence was present to decide for a negative or positive outcome.
Inconclusive Outcome
Onduidelijk Resultaat
Risultato Inconcludente
Class describing why the clinical case resulted inconclusive.
Inconclusive Outcome Type
Onduidelijk Resultaattype
Tipo di Risultato Inconcludente
The drug, device, therapy, or process under investigation in a clinical study that is believed to have an effect on outcomes of interest in a study (e.g., health-related quality of life, efficacy, safety, pharmacoeconomics). See also: test articles; devices; drug product; medicinal product; combination product.; In medicine, a treatment or action taken to prevent or treat disease, or improve health in other ways.
interventionDescription; intervention; Intervention; Procedure; Intervention Strategies; Interventional; Intervention or Procedure
This general class represents the intervention performed on the patient to obtain the samples that are then studied to find the disease. In particular, this class represents the attribute 'MATERIALI' in the AOEC Database, and the attribute METHOD in the TCGA database.
Intervention or Procedure
Intervento o Procedura
Tussenkomst of Procedure
An activity that produces an effect, or that is intended to alter the course of a disease in a patient or population. This is a general term that encompasses the medical, social, behavioral, and environmental acts that can have preventive, therapeutic, or palliative effects.
Class describing the type of intervention or procedure performed.
Intervention or Procedure Type
Tipo di intervento o procedura
Type Tussenkomst of Procedure
Abnormality in celiac outcomes.
Anomalia relativa all'Intestino
Intestinal Abnormality
Intestinale Afwijking
Required to maintain individual mitotic chromosomes dispersed in the cytoplasm following nuclear envelope disassembly (PubMed:27362226). Associates with the surface of the mitotic chromosome, the perichromosomal layer, and covers a substantial fraction of the chromosome surface (PubMed:27362226). Prevents chromosomes from collapsing into a single chromatin mass by forming a steric and electrostatic charge barrier: the protein has a high net electrical charge and acts as a surfactant, dispersing chromosomes and enabling independent chromosome motility (PubMed:27362226). Binds DNA, with a preference for supercoiled DNA and AT-rich DNA (PubMed:10878551). Does not contribute to the internal structure of mitotic chromosomes (By similarity). May play a role in chromatin organization (PubMed:24867636). It is however unclear whether it plays a direct role in chromatin organization or whether it is an indirect consequence of its function in maintaining mitotic chromosomes dispersed (Probable). [Definition Source: UniProt]
Marcatore di proliferazione della proteina Ki-67
Proliferatie marker proteïne Ki-67
Proliferation marker protein Ki-67
Koilocyte; Koilocytotic Squamous Cell
Koilocytes are epithelial cells containing a hyperchromatic nucleus that is acentrically displaced by perinuclear vacuole(s), and these morphological alterations are used by pathologists to help identify HPV-infected epithelial cells in Pap smears. [Definition Source: PMID 18688031]
Cellula Squamosa Cilocitotica
Koilocytotic Squamous Cell
Koilocytotische Plaveiselcel
lung large cell carcinoma; large cell lung carcinoma; large cell lung cancer; large cell undifferentiated lung carcinoma; large cell carcinoma of the lung; large cell carcinoma of lung; anaplastic lung carcinoma
A poorly differentiated non-small cell lung carcinoma composed of large polygonal cells without evidence of glandular or squamous differentiation. There is a male predilection. [Definition Source: NCI]
Carcinoma Polmonare a Grandi Cellule
Grootcellig Longcarcinoom
Lung Large Cell Carcinoma
This class is used to contain information about the celiac disease, the IEL, the villli to crypt ratio and the villi status.
Laboratorium Bevinding
Laboratory Finding
Risultati di Laboratorio
lung adenocarcinoma; bronchogenic lung adenocarcinoma; nonsmall cell adenocarcinoma; non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma; adenocarcinoma of the lung; adenocarcinoma of lung
A carcinoma that arises from the lung and is characterized by the presence of malignant glandular epithelial cells. There is a male predilection with a male to female ratio of 2:1. Usually lung adenocarcinoma is asymptomatic and is identified through screening studies or as an incidental radiologic finding. If clinical symptoms are present they include shortness of breath, cough, hemoptysis, chest pain, and fever. Tobacco smoke is a known risk factor. [Definition Source: NCI]
Adenocarcinoma Polmonare
Long Adenocarcinoom
Lung Adenocarcinoma
Class describing biological entities related to lung cancer.
Entità Anatomica relativa al Tumore ai Polmoni
Long Anatomische Entiteit
Lung Anatomical Entity
cancer of lung; cancer of the lung; lung cancer; lung cancer, NOS
lung carcinoma; carcinoma of lung; carcinoma of the lung
A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the lung. [Definition Source: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165]
Carcinoma Polmonare
Longcarcinoom
Lung Carcinoma
Finding in outcomes that tested positive for Lung Carcinoma or any of its subclasses.
Longcarcinoom Vinden
Lung Carcinoma Finding
Scoperta nel Carcinoma Polmonare
Class representing all lung cancer cases.
Caso Clinico di Cancro ai Polmoni
Klinisch Geval van Longkanker
Lung Clinical Case Report
Class describing interventions or procedures related to lung cancer.
Intervento o Procedura relativa al Cancro ai Polmoni
Longkanker tussenkomst of procedure
Lung Cancer Intervention or Procedure
Class describing the type of intervention or procedure related to lung cancer.
Lung Intervention or Procedure Type
Tipo di Intervento o Procedura relativa al Cancro ai Polmoni
Type Longkanker Tussenkomst of Procedure
Class representing all outcomes of lung clinical case reports.
Lung Outcome
Resultaat van Longkanker
Risultato di Cancro ai Polmoni
Class describing for which type of lung cancer the clinical case tested positive.
Lung Positive Outcome Type
Tipo di Risultato Positivo al Cancro ai Polmoni
Type Longkanker Positief Resultaat
Positive Outcome, i.e., something related to lung cancer has been found in the patient.
Lung Positive Outcome
Positieve Uitkomst van Longkanker
Risulato Positivo di Cancro ai Polmoni
Class describing surgical procedures related to lung cancer.
Intervento Chirurgico relativo al Cancro ai Polmoni
Longkanker Chirurgische Ingreep
Lung Cancer Surgical Procedure
Class describing surgical procedure type related to lung cancer.
Lung Surgery Type
Tipo di Intervento Chirurgico relativo al Tumore ai Polmoni
Type Longkanker Chirurgische Ingreep
Malignant Lung Tumor; Malignant Lung Neoplasm; Malignant Tumor of the Lung; Malignant Neoplasm of Lung; Malignant Neoplasm of the Lung; Malignant Tumor of Lung
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the lung. [Definition Source: NCI]
Kwaadaardige Longneoplasma
Malignant Lung Neoplasm
Neoplasia Polmonare Maligna
Metastatic Tumor; metastasis; Neoplasm, metastatic; Metastatic Disease; Tumor, metastatic; Metastatic; Metastatic Neoplasm; Metastasis
metastatic disease; metastatic neoplasm; metastatic tumor
A tumor that has spread from its original (primary) site of growth to another site, close to or distant from the primary site. Metastasis is characteristic of advanced malignancies, but in rare instances can be seen in neoplasms lacking malignant morphology. [Definition Source: NCI]
Metastatic Neoplasm
Neoplasia Metastatica
Uitgezaaide Neoplasma
May be involved in processing of pneumocyte surfactant precursors. [Definition Source: UniProt]
Napsin A
NSCLC - non-small cell lung cancer; non-small cell lung carcinoma; non-small cell carcinoma of lung; non-small cell carcinoma of the lung; non-small cell cancer of lung; non-small cell lung cancer; non-small cell cancer of the lung; NSCLC
non-small cell lung cancer, NOS; non small cell lung cancer NOS
A group of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including non-small cell squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. Non-small cell lung carcinomas have a poor response to conventional chemotherapy. [Definition Source: NCI]
Carcinoma Polmonare Non a Piccole Cellule
Niet-Kleincellig Longcarcinoom
Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
The presence of a negative result, i.e. normal tissue
Negatief Resultaat
Negative Result
Risultato Negativo
No present of malignancy for one of the diseases included in the ExaMode ontology.
Geen Maligniteit
Nessuna Malignità
No Malignancy
The age group in which disease manifestations appear. [Definition Source: HPO]
This class represents a generic age group.
Gruppo d'età
Leeftijdsgroep
Onset
This class contains information about other laboratory finding related to celiac disease, e.g. IEL or number of mitosis per crypt.
Altri Risultati di Laboratorio
Andere Laboratorium Bevindingen
Other Laboratory Finding
A specific result or effect that can be measured. Examples of outcomes include decreased pain, reduced tumor size, and improvement of disease.; 1. events or experiences that clinicians or investigators examining the impact of an intervention or exposure measure because they believe such events or experiences may be influenced by the intervention or exposure. 2. (SDTM) The result of carrying out a mathematical or statistical procedure. NOTE: 1. such events and experiences are called clinical outcomes independently of whether they are part of the original question/protocol of the investigation. [1. Guyatt, G., Schunemann H., Dept. epidemiology & statistics, McMaster University-personal communication] See also variable; outcome can be a result of analysis; outcome is more general than endpoint in that it does not necessarily relate to a planned objective of the study.outcome. The measureable characteristic (clinical outcome assessment, biomarker) that is influenced or affected by an individual's baseline state or an intervention as in a clinical trial or other exposure.
OUT; result; Result; Outcome; outcome
A class representing a general outcome, whatever it may be (positive, negative, uncertain, not enough information etc).
Outcome
Resultaat
Risultato
The result of an action.
One of the tests that can be performed to check lung cancer.
Endonuclease P40
Tumor protein 63 isoform 2 is the product of an alternative promoter and start codon located in exon 3 of the human TP63 gene. It also has an N-terminally truncated transactivation domain. Expression of isoform 2 may be tissue specific and aberrant expression may be associated with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. (Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology)
Delta Np63 Alpha; Tumor Protein 63 Isoform 2; Delta-N p63-Alpha; p51; DeltaN-Alpha; P51delNalpha; DeltaNp63 Alpha
Tumor protein 63 isoform 2 (586 aa, ; 66 kDa) is encoded by the human TP63 gene. This protein plays a role in the mediation of both transcription and skin development. [Definition Source: NCI]
Tumor Protein 63 Isoform 2
Pulmonary surfactant-associated proteins promote alveolar stability by lowering the surface tension at the air-liquid interface in the peripheral air spaces. SP-B increases the collapse pressure of palmitic acid to nearly 70 millinewtons per meter. [Definition Source: UniProt]
Proteina associata ai tensioattivi polmonari B
Pulmonale surfactant-geassocieerd proteïne B.
Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B
A person under health care. The person may be waiting for this care or may be receiving it or may have already received it. [Definition source: RxList]
Geduldig
Patient
Paziente
Positive Outcome, i.e., something has been found in the patient. This is the higher class for the positive outcome.
Positieve Uitkomst
Positive Outcome
Risultato Positivo
Class describing for what the clinical case tested positive.
Positieve Uitkomst Type
Positive Outcome Type
Tipo di Risultato Positivo
Represents the fact that the patient is actually positive to celiac disease. We use a different entity, instead of the entity "celiac disease", because that one is an individual in the ontology, and it is not good practice to have entities that are both individuals and General Classes in the same ontology.
Positief voor Coealiakie
Positive to Celiac Disease
Positivo alla Celiachia
oat cell carcinoma of the lung; small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung; small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of lung; small cell lung carcinoma; small cell carcinoma of lung; oat cell carcinoma of lung; lung oat cell carcinoma; oat cell lung carcinoma; lung small cell carcinoma; small cell lung cancer; small cell carcinoma of the lung; lung small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive malignant neoplasm, accounting for 10-15% of lung cancer cases, characterized byrapid growth, and early metastasis. SCLC usually manifests as a large hilar mass with bulky mediastinal lymphadenopathy presenting clinically with chest pain, persistent cough, dyspnea, wheezing, hoarseness, hemoptysis, loss of appetite, weight loss, and neurological and endocrine paraneoplastic syndromes. SCLC is primarily reported in elderly people with a history of long-term tobacco exposure. [Definition Source Orphanet 70573]
Carcinoma Polmonare a Piccole Cellule
Kleincellig Longcarcinoom
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Possibly involved in structural functions as organizing other membrane components or in targeting the vesicles to the plasma membrane. Involved in the regulation of short-term and long-term synaptic plasticity. [Definition Source: UniProt]
Synaptofysin
Synaptophysin
A general container for entities that represent semantical areas. Examples of semantical areas include "General" (common to all diseases), "Anatomic Site", "Procedure", "Diagnosis".
Area Semantica
Semantic Area
Semantisch Gebied
Traditional Serrated Adenoma; Serrated Adenoma; TSA; Serrated Adenoma Type II; Serrated adenoma; Traditional serrated adenoma
An adenoma that arises from the large intestine and the appendix. It is characterized by prominent serration of the glands. [Definition Source: NCI]
Adenoma Seghettato
Gekarteld Adenoom
Serrated Adenoma
Slide; Slide Device Component; Slide Device; Microscope Slide
A flat rectangular piece of glass on which specimens can be mounted for microscopic study. [Definition Source:NCI]
Schuif
Slide Device
Vetrino
non-small cell squamous lung cancer; non-small cell squamous lung carcinoma; squamous non-small cell lung carcinoma
A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the lung. It is characterized by the presence of large malignant cells. It includes the clear cell and papillary variants of squamous cell carcinoma. [Definition Source: NCI]
Carcinoma Polmonare Squamoso Non a Piccole Cellule
Niet-Kleincellig Plaveiselcelcarcinoom
Non-Small Cell Squamous Lung Carcinoma
A set of checks controlled on an Immunohistochemical test that can only have a string result.
Elemento di Controllo Testuale
String Check Element
Tekenreeks Controle-Element
Class describing the type of surgical procedure performed.
Surgical Procedure Type
Tipo di Intervento Chirurgico
Type Chirurgische Ingreep
A diagnostic or treatment procedure performed by manual and/or instrumental means, often involving an incision and the removal or replacement of a diseased organ or tissue; of or relating to or involving or used in surgery or requiring or amenable to treatment by surgery. [Definition Source: NCI]
Chirurgische Ingreep
Intervento Chirurgico
Surgical procedure
Multifunctional nucleolar protein that terminates ribosomal gene transcription, mediates replication fork arrest and regulates RNA polymerase I transcription on chromatin. Plays a dual role in rDNA regulation, being involved in both activation and silencing of rDNA transcription. Interaction with BAZ2A/TIP5 recovers DNA-binding activity. [Definition Source: UniProt]
TTF1 Human
A general class representing a test.
Test
A procedure for critical evaluation; a means of determining the presence, quality, or truth of something
Vimentins are class-III intermediate filaments found in various non-epithelial cells, especially mesenchymal cells. Vimentin is attached to the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria, either laterally or terminally. Involved with LARP6 in the stabilization of type I collagen mRNAs for CO1A1 and CO1A2. [Definition Source: UniProt]
Vimentin
This class contains information about villi status
Risultati di Laboratorio relativi ai Vilii
Villi Laboratorium Bevinding
Villi Laboratory Finding
Radboud University Nijmegen (abbreviated as RU, Dutch: Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, formerly Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen) is a public university with a strong focus on research located in Nijmegen, the Netherlands. It was established on 17 October 1923 and is situated in the oldest city of the Netherlands. The RU has seven faculties and enrolls over 19,900 students. It was internationally ranked 156th by the QS World University Rankings.
Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen
Radboud University Nijmegen
FMA: Epithelium which consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. Examples: endothelium, mesothelium, glandular squamous epithelium.,UWDA: Epithelium which consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. Examples: endothelium, mesothelium, glandular squamous epithelium.,NCI: Epithelium composed of a single layer of cells attached to a basement membrane.
Squamous epithelium composed of a single layer of cells. [Defintion Source: Dorlands_Medical_Dictionary:MerckSource]
Bestrating Epitheel
Epitelio della Pavimentazione
Pavement Epithelium
Mucosa found in the gastric antrum. [Definition Source: Humpath.com - Human pathology]
Mucosa dell'Antro Pilorico
Mucosa of Pyloric Antrum
Mucosa van Pylorus Antrum
Right upper lobar bronchus; Right upper lobe bronchus
Part of the right bronchus.
Bronco Lobare Superiore Destro
Rechter Superieure Lobaire Bronchus
Right Superior Lobar Bronchus
Bronchus of right lower lobe; Right lower lobe bronchus; Right lower lobar bronchus.
A region of the bronchus in the lung.
Bronco Lobare Inferiore Destro
Rechter Inferieure Lobaire Bronchus
Right Inferior Lobar Bronchus
Left upper lobar bronchus; Bronchus of left upper lobe; Left upper lobe bronchus
Part of the left bronchus.
Bronco Lobare Superiore Sinistro
Left Superior Lobar Bronchus
Linker Superieure Lobaire Bronchus
Bronchus of left lower lobe; Left lower lobe bronchus; Left lower lobar bronchus
A region of the bronchus in the lungs.
Bronco Lobare Inferiore Sinistro
Left Inferior Lobar Bronchus
Links Inferieure Lobaire Bronchus
metastasize; Metastasis, NOS; metastasis; Tumor Cell Migration; Metastasize; Metastasis
Note that the word necrosis has been widely used in earlier literature to describe forms of cell death which are now known by more precise terms, such as apoptosis. Necrosis can occur in a regulated fashion, involving a precise sequence of signals.
Necrose
Necrosi
Necrosis
A type of cell death that is morphologically characterized by an increasingly translucent cytoplasm, swelling of organelles, minor ultrastructural modifications of the nucleus (specifically, dilatation of the nuclear membrane and condensation of chromatin into small, irregular, circumscribed patches) and increased cell volume (oncosis), culminating in the disruption of the plasma membrane and subsequent loss of intracellular contents. Necrotic cells do not fragment into discrete corpses as their apoptotic counterparts do. Moreover, their nuclei remain intact and can aggregate and accumulate in necrotic tissues. [Defintion Source: PMID:18846107, PMID:20823910]
polyp of the cervix uteri; adenomatous polyp of the uterine cervix; uterine cervix polyp; cervical polyp; adenomatous polyp of cervix; uterine cervix adenomatous polyp; adenomatous polyp of uterine cervix; cervix uteri polyp; polyp of cervix; polyp of the uterine cervix; cervix adenomatous polyp; cervix polyp; polyp of cervix uteri; polyp of uterine cervix; cervix uteri adenomatous polyp; polyp of the cervix; adenomatous polyp of the cervix
A polyp that arises from the surface of the cervix. [Definition Source: NCI]
Cervical Polyp
Cervicale Poliep
Polipo Cervicale
atrophy of vulva; atrophic vulva
atrophic vulvitis
Vaginal atrophy (atrophic vaginitis) is thinning, drying and inflammation of the vaginal walls that may occur when your body has less estrogen. Vaginal atrophy occurs most often after menopause. For many women, vaginal atrophy not only makes intercourse painful but also leads to distressing urinary symptoms. Because the condition causes both vaginal and urinary symptoms, doctors use the term "genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM)" to describe vaginal atrophy and its accompanying symptoms.
Athrophic Vulva
Atrofische Vulva
Vulva Atrofica
A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the colon [Definition Source: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165]
Carcinoma del Colon
Colon Carcinoma
Coloncarcinoom
lymph gland infection
inflammation of lymph node; acute adenitis; chronic lymphadenitis; lymphadenitis; Inflammation of lymph node; acute lymphadenitis; adenitis; lymph node inflammation; chronic adenitis; lymph nodeitis
Acute or chronic inflammation of one or more lymph nodes. It is usually caused by an infectious process. [Definition Source: NCI]
Linfoadenite
Lymfadenitis
Lymphadenitis
cervical neoplasm; tumor of the cervix uteri; uterine cervical neoplasm
malignant tumor of uterine cervix; uterine cervix cancer; malignant neoplasm of cervix; malignant neoplasm of uterine cervix; malignant tumor of the uterine cervix; malignant tumor of cervix uteri; malignant cervical neoplasm; cervix cancer; malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri; neoplasm of uterine cervix; malignant neoplasm of the uterine cervix; malignant cervix uteri neoplasm; malignant uterine cervix neoplasm; malignant tumor of cervix; malignant cervix neoplasm; malignant tumor of the cervix uteri; malignant neoplasm of the cervix uteri; malignant cervix uteri tumor; malignant cervix tumor; malignant uterine cervix tumor; cancer of uterine cervix; cervix uteri cancer; malignant cervical tumor; malignant tumor of the cervix; malignant neoplasm of the cervix
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the cervix. [Definition Source: NCI]
Baarmoederhalskanker
Cancro Cervicale
Cervical Cancer
squamous carcinoma in situ; cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III with severe dysplasia; stage 0 uterine cervix carcinoma; severe dysplasia of the cervix uteri; stage 0 squamous cell carcinoma; CIN III - carcinoma in situ of cervix; squamous cell carcinoma in-situ; epidermoid cell carcinoma in situ; CIN III - severe dyskaryosis; grade III SIN; carcinoma in situ of uterine cervix; carcinoma, squamous cell, in situ, malignant; grade 3 SIN; uterine cervix in situ carcinoma; squamous intraepithelial neoplasia, grade III; carcinoma in situ of cervix; CIN III; intraepithelial squamous cell carcinoma; grade 3 squamous intraepithelial neoplasia; squamous cell carcinoma in situ; epidermoid carcinoma in situ; grade III squamous intraepithelial neoplasia; severe dysplasia of cervix; cervix Ca in situ
squamous carcinoma in situ
A malignant epithelial neoplasm confined to the squamous epithelium, without invasion of the underlying tissues. [Definition Source: NCI]
Cervicale Squameuze Intra-Epitheliale Neoplasie Graad 3
Neoplasia Cervicale Squamosa Intraepiteliale di Grado 3
Squamous Carcinoma in Situ
originally the SNOMED code was M74008*
coeliac disease; non tropical sprue; idiopathic steatorrhea; gluten-induced enteropathy; celiac sprue
An autoimmune genetic disorder with an unknown pattern of inheritance that primarily affects the digestive tract. It is caused by intolerance to dietary gluten. Consumption of gluten protein triggers an immune response which damages small intestinal villi and prevents adequate absorption of nutrients. Clinical signs include abdominal cramping, diarrhea or constipation and weight loss. If untreated, the clinical course may progress to malnutrition, anemia, osteoporosis and an increased risk of intestinal malignancies. However, the prognosis is favorable with successful avoidance of gluten in the diet. [Definition Source: NCI]
Celiac disease
Celiachia
Coeliakie
cervix cancer; cervical cancer, NOS; cervical cancer; cancer of cervix; uterine cervix cancer
cancer of the uterine cervix; carcinoma of the cervix; carcinoma of cervix; carcinoma of the cervix uteri; carcinoma cervix uteri; cancer of uterine cervix; cervical carcinoma; carcinoma of uterine cervix; cervix carcinoma; uterine cervix carcinoma; carcinoma of cervix uteri; cancer of the cervix; cervix uteri carcinoma; carcinoma of the uterine cervix; cancer of cervix
A carcinoma arising from either the exocervical squamous epithelium or the endocervical glandular epithelium. The major histologic types of cervical carcinoma are: squamous carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma. [Definition Source: NCI]
Carcinoma Cervicale
Cervicaal Carcinoom
Cervical Carcinoma
An infectious process caused by a human papillomavirus. This infection can cause abnormal tissue growth. [Definition Source: NCI]
original SNOMED D0445
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3; high grade dysplasia; moderate or severe dysplasia
A neoplastic process in the cervix characterized by morphologic features of both moderate and severe intraepithelial neoplasia. [Definition Source: NCI]
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 2/3
Cervicale Intra-Epitheliale Neoplasie Graad 2/3
Neoplasia Intraepiteliale Cervicale di Grado 2/3
squamous cervical cancer; cervical squamous cell cancer; squamous cell carcinoma of cervix uteri; squamous cell carcinoma of cervix; squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix; cervix uteri squamous cell carcinoma; uterine cervix squamous cell carcinoma; cervical squamous cell carcinoma; cervix squamous cell carcinoma; squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix uteri; squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix; squamous cell carcinoma of uterine cervix has_related_synonym: cervical squamous cell carcinoma, NOS; CESC; cervical squamous cell carcinoma, not otherwise specified
A squamous cell carcinoma arising from the cervical epithelium. It usually evolves from a precancerous cervical lesion. Increased numbers of sexual partners and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are risk factors for cervical squamous cell carcinoma. The following histologic patterns have been described: conventional squamous cell carcinoma, papillary squamous cell carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma, verrucous carcinoma, condylomatous carcinoma and spindle cell carcinoma. Survival is most closely related to the stage of disease at the time of diagnosis. [Definition Source: NCI]
Carcinoma a Cellule Squamose Cervicali
Cervicaal Plaveiselcelcarcinoom
Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma
previous SNOMED M80703*
malignant neoplasm of the lung; lung cancer; malignant lung neoplasm; cancer of lung; malignant tumor of the lung; malignant tumor of lung; malignant neoplasm of lung; malignant lung tumor.
lung neoplasm; Nonsmall cell lung cancer; alveolar cell carcinoma; lung cancer, protection against.
A malignant neoplasm involving the lung. [Definition Source: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165]
Cancro ai Polmoni
Longkanker
Lung cancer
benign lymphogranulomatosis of Schaumann; lupus pernio of Besnier; miliary lupoid of boeck
besnier-Boeck-Schaumann syndrome; sarcoid; Darier-Roussy sarcoid; Boeck's sarcoid; Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann disease; Boeck's sarcoidosis; lymphogranulomatosis; sarcoidosis; Boeck sarcoid
Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic disorder of unknown cause characterized by the formation of immune granulomas in involved organs. [Definition Source: Orhpanet 797]
Sarcoidosi
Sarcoidosis
Sarcoïdose
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Intraepithelial Neoplasia of the Uterine Cervix; Intraepithelial Neoplasms, Cervical; Neoplasm, Cervical Intraepithelial; Intraepithelial Neoplasm, Cervical; Cervix Intraepithelial Neoplasia; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasms; Intraepithelial Neoplasia of the Cervix Uteri; Neoplasms, Cervical Intraepithelial; Intraepithelial Neoplasia of Uterine Cervix; Neoplasia, Cervical Intraepithelial; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasm; Intraepithelial Neoplasia, Cervical; Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; NEOPL CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL; Uterine Cervix Intraepithelial Neoplasia; Intraepithelial Neoplasia of Cervix Uteri; Intraepithelial Neoplasia of the Cervix; Cervix Uteri Intraepithelial Neoplasia; Intraepithelial Neoplasia of Cervix; Cervical Dysplasia; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Squamous or glandular intraepithelial neoplasia that affects the cervical mucosal epithelium. There is no evidence of stromal invasion. According to the degree of cellular atypia and the associated architectural changes, it is classified as low or high grade. [Definition Source: NCI]
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Cervicale intra-epitheliale neoplasie
Neoplasia Intraepiteliale Cervicale
severe dysplasia of the cervix uteri aJCC v6; uterine cervix intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 aJCC v6; intraepithelial neoplasia of the cervix grade 3 aJCC v6; carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix aJCC v6; intraepithelial neoplasia of the cervix uteri grade 3 aJCC v6; severe dysplasia of cervix aJCC v6; severe dysplasia of cervix; intraepithelial neoplasia of uterine cervix grade 3 aJCC v6; cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 aJCC v6; uterine cervix carcinoma in situ aJCC v6; carcinoma in situ of the cervix aJCC v6; FIGO stage 0 carcinoma of uterine cervix; severe dysplasia of cervix uteri aJCC v6; cervix uteri intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 aJCC v6; grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia aJCC v6; stage 0 uterine cervix carcinoma; carcinoma in situ of uterine cervix aJCC v6; CIN III - severe dyskaryosis; cervix uteri Severe dysplasia aJCC v6; FIGO stage 0 cervical carcinoma; cervix uteri carcinoma in situ aJCC v6; stage 0 cervical cancer aJCC v6; FIGO stage 0 carcinoma of the cervix uteri; cervical carcinoma in situ aJCC v6; uterine cervix Severe dysplasia aJCC v6; carcinoma in situ of the cervix uteri aJCC v6; severe cervical dysplasia aJCC v6; FIGO stage 0 carcinoma of cervix uteri; carcinoma in situ of cervix aJCC v6; carcinoma in situ of uterine cervix; carcinoma in situ of cervix uteri aJCC v6; cervix intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 aJCC v6; FIGO stage 0 carcinoma of the uterine cervix; CIN III; cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III with severe dysplasia; cervical Severe dysplasia aJCC v6; CIN III - carcinoma in situ of cervix; FIGO stage 0 uterine cervix carcinoma; CIN 3 aJCC v6; severe dysplasia of the uterine cervix aJCC v6; carcinoma of cervix stage 0; intraepithelial neoplasia of cervix uteri grade 3 aJCC v6; squamous intraepithelial neoplasia, grade III; stage 0 cervical cancer; cervix Severe dysplasia aJCC v6; FIGO stage 0 carcinoma of the cervix; carcinoma in situ of cervix; CIN grade 3 aJCC v6; cervical cancer stage 0 aJCC v6; intraepithelial neoplasia of cervix grade 3 aJCC v6; intraepithelial neoplasia of the uterine cervix grade 3 aJCC v6; FIGO stage 0 carcinoma of cervix; cervix carcinoma in situ aJCC v6; severe dysplasia of the cervix aJCC v6; severe dysplasia of uterine cervix aJCC v6; cervix Ca in situ; FIGO stage 0 cervix carcinoma; severe dysplasia of the cervix uteri; FIGO stage 0 cervix uteri carcinoma
cervix uteri carcinoma in situ
uterine cervix carcinoma in situ
Slightly abnormal cells are found on the surface of the cervix. Cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia 1 is usually caused by infection with certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV) and is found when a cervical biopsy is done. Cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia 1 is not cancer and usually goes away on its own without treatment, but sometimes it can become cancer and spread into nearby tissue. Cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia 1 is sometimes called low-grade or mild dysplasia. Also called CIN 1.
Neoplasia Intraepiteliale Squamosa
Squameuze Intra-Epitheliale Neoplasie
Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia
intestinal synechia; intestinal adhesions
Formation of fibrous tissue in any part of the intestine as a result of repair or a reactive process.
Fibrosi Intestinale
Intestinal Fibrosis
Intestinale Fibrose
fibrosi
Inadequate absorption of nutrients in the small intestine. [Definition Source: NCI]
Malabsorptie
Malabsorption
Malassorbimento
The left and right main bronchi considered as a group.
Belangrijkste Bronchus
Bronco Principale
Main Bronchus
MSH: The mucous membrane lining of the uterine cavity that is hormonally responsive during the MENSTRUAL CYCLE and PREGNANCY. The endometrium undergoes cyclic changes that characterize MENSTRUATION. After successful FERTILIZATION, it serves to sustain the developing embryo.,CSP: tissue lining the uterus, it is sloughed off during the woman's menstrual period, and afterward grows back and slowly gets thicker and thicker until the next period.,NCI: The layer of tissue that lines the uterus.,NCI: The endometrium, or tunica mucosa, is the mucous membrane comprising the inner layer of the uterine wall; it consists of a simple columnar epithelium and a lamina propria that contains simple tubular uterine glands. The structure, thickness, and state of the endometrium undergo marked change with the menstrual cycle.,NCI: The mucous membrane comprising the inner layer of the uterine wall; it consists of a simple columnar epithelium and a lamina propria that contains simple tubular uterine glands. The structure, thicknes
The layer of tissue that lines the uterus.; The mucous membrane comprising the inner layer of the uterine wall.
The mucous membrane comprising the inner layer of the uterine wall; it consists of a simple columnar epithelium and a lamina propria that contains simple tubular uterine glands. The structure, thickness, and state of the endometrium undergo marked change with the menstrual cycle. [Definition Source: NCI]
Baarmoederslijmvlies
Endometrio
Endometrium
Blood cells that are devoid of hemoglobin, capable of ameboid motion and phagocytosis, and act as the principal components of the immune system. [Definition Source: NCI]
Leucocita
Leukocyt
Leukocyte
polymorphonuclear leukocyte; granular leucocyte; granular leukocyte
A type of leukocyte with a multilobed nucleus and cytoplasmic granules. The unique morphology of the nucleus has led to their also being known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMLs or PMNs). Granulocytes are subdivided according to the staining properties of their granules into eosinophils (red with acidic dye), basophils (blue with basic dye), and neutrophils (not amenable to staining with either acidic or basic dyes). [Definition Source: NCI]
Granulocita
Granulocyte
“inﬁltrato” + “granulociti”/“granulocitario"
Granular leukocytes with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by a slender thread of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and stainable by eosin. [Definition Source: NCI]
Eosinofiel
Eosinofilo
Eosinophil
Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes. [Definition Source: NCI]
Neutrofiel
Neutrofilo
Neutrophil
White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each); those with characteristics of neither major class are called null cells. [Definition Source: NCI]
Linfocita
Lymfocyt
Lymphocyte
“inﬁltrato” + “linfociti”/“linfocitario"
A type of epithelial cell that lines the intestines and colon. It participates in the absorption of water and nutrients from the intestinal lumen, and in the secretion of digestive enzymes. [Definition Source: NCI]
Enterocita
Enterocyt
Enterocyte
The moist, inner lining of some organs and body cavities (such as the nose, mouth, lungs, and stomach). Glands in the mucosa make mucus (a thick, slippery fluid).
Mucosal; MUCOSA; Mucous Membrane; mucous membrane; Mucosa; mucosa
The moist, inner lining of some organs and body cavities (such as the nose, mouth, lungs, and stomach). Glands in the mucosa make mucus (a thick, slippery fluid). [Definition Source: NCI]
Mucosa
Slijmvlies
A rare hyperplastic lesion of Brunner's gland in the duodenum. Although it is usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, it may cause hemorrhage. [Definition Source: NCI]
Brunner's Gland Hyperplasia
Hyperplasie van de Klier van Brunner
Iperplasia della Ghiandola di Brunner
“Brunner” + “iperplasia” + “ghiandole”
Usually hyperplasia of Brunner’s glands. NB: the mere Presence of Brunner’s glands is not automatically an hyperplasia. Rather, hyperplasia Is something the glands may have or not. If they have it, it may be a problem
Location; Anatomic Site
Anatomical Location
Anatomische Locatie
Posizione Anatomica
Named locations of or within the body. [Definition Source: NCI]
The investigation, analysis and recognition of the presence and nature of disease, condition, or injury from expressed signs and symptoms; also, the scientific determination of any kind; the concise results of such an investigation. [Definition Source: NCI]
Diagnose
Diagnosi
Diagnosis
Surgery to remove the uterus and, sometimes, the cervix. When the uterus and the cervix are removed, it is called a total hysterectomy. When only the uterus is removed, it is called a partial hysterectomy.
A surgical procedure to remove the uterine body (partial hysterectomy) or the uterine body and cervix (total hysterectomy). [Definition Source: NCI]
Hysterectomie
Hysterectomy
Isterectomia
Endoscopy and Biopsy; Endoscopic Biopsy
The removal of tissue specimens or fluid from the living body for microscopic examination, performed to establish a diagnosis. In the case of an endoscopic biopsy, an endoscope is used to obtain the sample. [Definition Source: NCI]
Biopsia Endoscopica
Endoscopic Biopsy
Endoscopische Biopsie
Surgical removal of a cone-shaped portion of tissue from the uterine cervix. [Definition Source: NCI]
Conization
Conizzazione
A procedure in which the mucous membrane of the cervical canal is scraped using a spoon-shaped instrument called a curette.
A procedure in which the mucous membrane of the cervical canal is scraped using a curette. [Definition Source: NCI]
Curettage Endocervicale
Endocervical Curettage
Endocervicale Curettage
A subjective characterization of the phenomenon of dysplasia, based on microscopic examination of the architectural and/or cytological changes in a tissue sample, that is determined to be high. [Definition Source: NCI]
Displasia di Alto Grado
High Grade Dysplasia
Hoogwaardige Dysplasie
A procedure to connect healthy sections of tubular structures in the body after the diseased portion has been surgically removed.; A natural or surgically-induced connection between tubular structures in the body.
A natural or surgically-induced connection between tubular structures in the body. [Definition Source: NCI]
Anastomose
Anastomosi
Anastomosis
Removal Technique; Resection; Surgical Resection
A surgical procedure in which tissue is removed from the body. [Definition Source: NCI]
Resectie
Resection
Resezione
An adenocarcinoma that arises from the colon and has metastasized to another anatomic site. [Definition Source: NCI]
Adenocarcinoma Metastatico del Colon
Gemetastaseerd Colon Adenocarcinoom
Metastatic Colon Adenocarcinoma
Female Gender, Self Reported; Female Gender, Self Report; Female; Female Gender
A person who belongs to the sex that normally produces ova. The term is used to indicate biological sex distinctions, or cultural gender role distinctions, or both. [Definition Source: NCI]
Female Gender
Genere Femminile
Vrouwlijk Geslacht
An inflammatory process characterized by the presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells and the absence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. [Definition Source: NCI]
Chronic Inflammation
Chronische Ontsteking
Infiammazione Cronica
flogosi cronica, flogosi cronica non attiva
The spread of cancer from one part of the body to another. A tumor formed by cells that have spread is called a "metastatic tumor" or a "metastasis." The metastatic tumor contains cells that are like those in the original (primary) tumor. [Definition Source: NCI]
Metastase
Metastasi
Metastasis
Qualitative Concept
Male Gender, Self Report; Male; Male Gender; Male Gender, Self Reported
A person who belongs to the sex that normally produces sperm. The term is used to indicate biological sex distinctions, cultural gender role distinctions, or both. [Definition Source: NCI]
Genere Maschile
Male Gender
Mannelijk Geslacht
Polypectomy
Complete or partial removal of a polypoid lesion from the mucosal surface. [Definition Source: NCI]
Polipectomia
Polypectomie
Presence of jeyword "polipectomia" in "Materiali"
Complete or partial removal of a polypoid lesion from the mucosal surface.
Disease or Syndrome
Cervicitis
An acute or chronic inflammatory process that affects the cervix. Causes include sexually transmitted diseases and bacterial infections. Clinical manifestations include abnormal vaginal bleeding and vaginal discharge. [Definition Source: NCI]
Cervicite
Previously, this class presented SNOMED coded M40000 and M30000*
Lymphadenitis; colitis; colon inflammation; inflammation of colon
Inflammation of the colon. [Defintion Source: NCI]
Colite
Colitis
previously it had snomed codes M40000 and M40070
Chronic inflammation of the cervix. [Definition Source: NCI]
Cervicite Cronica
Chronic Cervicitis
Chronische Cervicitis
A common cancer characterized by the presence of malignant glandular cells. Morphologically, adenocarcinomas are classified according to the growth pattern (e.g., papillary, alveolar) or according to the secreting product (e.g., mucinous, serous). Representative examples of adenocarcinoma are ductal and lobular breast carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatoma), colon adenocarcinoma, and prostate adenocarcinoma. [Definition Source: NCI]
Adenocarcinoma
adenocarcinoom
A raised growth on the surface of the genitals caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The HPV in genital warts is very contagious and can be spread by skin-to-skin contact, usually during oral, anal, or genital sex with an infected partner.; A wart of the perianal region or genitalia that is caused by sexual transmission of the human papillomavirus.
genital wart; condyloma; Genital Warts; Condyloma Acuminatum; Condyloma Acuminata; Genital Wart; Condyloma; Venereal Wart
A sexually transmitted papillary growth caused by the human papillomavirus. It usually arises in the skin and mucous membranes of the perianal region and external genitalia. [Definition Source: NCI]
Condiloma
Condyloma
previous SNOMED was M76700
A gastrointestinal disorder characterized by chronic inflammation involving all layers of the intestinal wall, noncaseating granulomas affecting the intestinal wall and regional lymph nodes, and transmural fibrosis. Crohn disease most commonly involves the terminal ileum; the colon is the second most common site of involvement. [Definition Source: NCI]
Crohn Disease
Morbo di Crohn
Ziekte van Crohn
Accumulation of an excessive amount of fluid in cells or intercellular tissues. [Definition Source: NCI]
Edema
Oedeem
An inflammation AE that shows localized nodular inflammation found in tissues.
Granuloma
Granuloom
old SNOMED M44000
A finding of a localized protective response resulting from injury or destruction of tissues. Inflammation serves to destroy, dilute, or wall off both the injurious agent and the injured tissue. In the acute phase, inflammation is characterized by the signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. Histologically, inflammation involves a complex series of events, including dilatation of arterioles, capillaries, and venules, with increased permeability and blood flow; exudation of fluids, including plasma proteins; and leukocyte migration into the site of inflammation. [Definition Source: NCI]
Infiammazione
Inflammation
Ontsteking
Conversion of a mature, normal cell or groups of mature cells to other forms of mature cells.; A change of cells to a form that does not normally occur in the tissue in which it is found.
Metaplasia; METAPLASIA; Metaplastic Change; metaplasia
Transformation of a mature, normal cell or groups of mature cells to other forms of mature cells. The capacity for malignant transformation of metaplastic cells is a subject of controversy. [Definition Source: NCI]
Metaplasia
Metaplasie
MSH: A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type.,CSP: transformation of a normal to a similar but abnormal mature cell type.,NCI: A change of cells to a form that does not normally occur in the tissue in which it is found.,CHV: a change in the type of cells in a tissue to a form that is not normal for that tissue,CHV: a change in the type of cells in a tissue to a form that is not normal for that tissue,NCI: Transformation of a mature, normal cell or groups of mature cells to other forms of mature cells. The capacity for malignant transformation of metaplastic cells is a subject of controversy.
A morphologic finding indicating the transformation of glandular or transitional epithelial cells to, usually, mature squamous epithelial cells. Representative examples include squamous metaplasia of bronchial epithelium, cervix, urinary bladder, and prostate gland. [Definition Source: NCI]
Metaplasia Squamosa
Plaveiselcelmetaplasie
Squamous Metaplasia
cassock
The connective tissue coat of a mucous membrane including the epithelium and basement membrane. [Definition Source: NCI]
Lamina Propria
A type of connective tissue found under the thin layer of tissues covering a mucous membrane.,NCI: The connective tissue coat of a mucous membrane including the epithelium and basement membrane. [Definition Source: NCI]
One of the two main bronchi. It is narrower but longer than the right main bronchus and connects to the left lung. [Definition Source: NCI]
Bronco Principale Sinistro
Left Main Bronchus
Linker Hoofdbronchus
A part the bronchial tree, arising from the primary bronchi, with each one serving as the airway to a specific lobe of the lung. [Definition Source: NCI]
Bronco Lobare
Lobaire Bronchus
Lobar Bronchus
Right Main Bronchus; MAIN BRONCHUS, RIGHT
One of the two main bronchi. It is wider but shorter than the left main bronchus and connects to the right lung. [Definition Source: NCI]
Bronco Principale Destro
Rechter Hoofdbronchus
Right Main Bronchus
Simple Epithelium
Unilaminar epithelium
Epithelium composed of a single layer of cells attached to a basement membrane. [Definition Source: NCI]
Eenlagig Epitheel
Epitelio Semplice
A circumscribed loss of integrity of the skin or mucous membrane.; Destruction of an epithelial surface extending into or beyond the basement membrane.
Ulcerative Inflammation; Ulcer; Ulceration; Ulcers; Ulcerated; ulcer; ULCER; Ulcerative
A circumscribed inflammatory and often suppurating lesion on the skin or an internal mucous surface resulting in necrosis of tissue. [Definition Source: NCI]
Ulcer
Ulcera
Zweer
previous SNOMED was M40030
Diffuse hypertrophy of the stratum spinosum layer of the epidermis. [Definition Source: NCI]
Acanthosis
Acantosi
previous SNOMED G0009
Thickening of the outermost layer of stratified squamous epithelium.; A condition marked by thickening of the outer layer of the skin, which is made of keratin (a tough, protective protein). It can result from normal use (corns, calluses), chronic inflammation (eczema), or genetic disorders (X-linked ichthyosis, ichthyosis vulgaris).
Hypertrophy of the outermost layer of the epidermis. It may be caused by physical or chemical irritants, irradiation, infection, or neoplastic processes. [Definition Source: NCI]
Hyperkeratose
Hyperkeratosis
Ipercheratosi
Mild Squamous Dysplasia of the Cervix; Low Grade Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia; Low-Grade Cervical SIL; Low-Grade Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion; Low Grade Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion; Low-Grade CIN; Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia 1; Low Grade Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia; LSIL; low grade dysplasia; mild dysplasia
A precancerous neoplastic process that affects the cervical squamous epithelium without evidence of invasion. It is usually associated with human papillomavirus infection. It is characterized by the presence of mild atypia in the superficial epithelial layer that may be associated with koilocytosis. Maturation is present in the upper two thirds of the epithelium. Mitotic figures are not numerous and are present in the basal third of the epithelium. [Definition Source: NCI]
Cervicale Squameuze Intra-Epitheliale Neoplasie Graad 1
Low Grade Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Neoplasia Cervicale Squamosa Intraepiteliale di Grado 1
old SNOMED M74006*
CIN 2; Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia 2; Moderate Squamous Dysplasia of the Cervix; cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia 2
Cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of maturation in the upper half of the squamous epithelium and conspicuous nuclear atypia which is present in all epithelial layers. Mitotic figures are present in the basal two thirds of the epithelium. [Definition Source: NCI]
Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia 2
Cervicale Squameuze Intra-Epitheliale Neoplasie Graad 2
Neoplasia Cervicale Squamosa Intraepiteliale di Grado 2
original SNOMED M74007*
adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix; uterine cervix adenocarcinoma; adenocarcinoma of cervix; adenocarcinoma of cervix uteri; adenocarcinoma - cervix; cervix adenocarcinoma; adenocarcinoma of the cervix; adenocarcinoma of the cervix uteri; adenocarcinoma cervix uteri; adenocarcinoma of uterine cervix; cervix uteri adenocarcinoma; cervical adenocarcinoma
cervical adenocarcinoma, NOS; cervical adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified
An adenocarcinoma arising from the cervical epithelium. It accounts for approximately 15% of invasive cervical carcinomas. Increased numbers of sexual partners and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are risk factors. Grossly, advanced cervical adenocarcinoma may present as an exophytic mass, an ulcerated lesion, or diffuse cervical enlargement. Microscopically, the majority of cervical adenocarcinomas are of the endocervical (mucinous) type. [Definition Source: NCI]
Adenocarcinoma Cervicale
Cervicaal Adenocarcinoom
Cervical Adenocarcinoma
Metastatic Adenocarcinoma
An adenocarcinoma which has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site. [Definition Source: NCI]
Adenocarcinoma Metastatico
Gemetastaseerd Adenocarcinoom
old SNOMED M81406
A benign, slow-growing tumor arising from the soft tissues usually in the mid-thoracic region of the elderly. It is characterized by the presence of paucicellular collagenous tissue, adipocytes and a predominance of large coarse elastic fibers arranged in globules. [Definition Source: NCI]
Elastofibroma
colonic adenocarcinoma; adenocarcinoma of the colon; colon adenocarcinoma; adenocarcinoma of colon; adenocarcinoma - colon
COAD
An adenocarcinoma arising from the colon. It is more frequently seen in populations with a Western type diet and in patients with a history of chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Signs and symptoms include intestinal bleeding, anemia, and change in bowel habits. According to the degree of cellular differentiation, colonic adenocarcinomas are divided into well, moderately, and poorly differentiated. Histologic variants include mucinous adenocarcinoma, signet ring cell carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, serrated adenocarcinoma, cribriform comedo-type adenocarcinoma, and micropapillary adenocarcinoma. [Definition Source: NCI]
Adenocarcinoma del Colon
Colon Adenocarcinoma
Colon Adenocarcinoom
Neoplastic Process
Uterine Cervix Adenocarcinoma in situ; Adenocarcinoma in situ of the Uterine Cervix; Cervix Uteri Adenocarcinoma in situ; Adenocarcinoma in situ of Uterine Cervix; Cervical Adenocarcinoma In Situ AJCC v7; Adenocarcinoma in situ of the Cervix; Cervix Adenocarcinoma in situ; Adenocarcinoma in situ of Cervix Uteri; Adenocarcinoma in situ of Cervix; Adenocarcinoma in situ of the Cervix Uteri; Cervical Adenocarcinoma In Situ
Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) represents a pre-cancerous condition that can progress to cervical adenocarcinoma. Cervical adenocarcinoma in situ occurs in the glandular tissue of the cervix and is the condition which leads to invasive adenocarcinoma. [Definition Source: NCI]
Adenocarcinoma Cervicale in Situ
Cervicaal Adenocarcinoom in Situ
Cervical Adenocarcinoma in Situ
tage 0 includes: (Tis, N0, M0). Tis: Carcinoma in situ. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. FIGO no longer includes stage 0.
Dysplasia of the Colon; Colonic Dysplasia; Dysplasia of Colon; Colon Dysplasia
A morphologic finding indicating the presence of dysplastic glandular epithelial cells in the colonic mucosa. There is no evidence of invasion. [Definition Source: NCI]
Colon Dysplasia
Colon Dysplasie
Displasia del Colon
Low Grade Dysplasia of the Colon; Low-Grade Dysplasia of Colon; Low-Grade Dysplasia of the Colon; Mild Dysplasia of Colon; Low-Grade Colon Dysplasia; Mild Colon Dysplasia; Low-Grade Colonic Dysplasia; Mild Colonic Dysplasia; Mild Dysplasia of the Colon; Low Grade Colon Dysplasia; Low Grade Colonic Dysplasia; Low Grade Dysplasia of Colon
A morphologic finding indicating the presence of mild dysplastic cellular changes and mild architectural changes in the glandular epithelium of the colonic mucosa. There is no evidence of invasion. [Definition Source: NCI]
Displasia del Colon Lieve
Mild Colon Dysplasia
Milde Colondysplasie
Moderate Dysplasia of the Colon; Moderate Colonic Dysplasia; Moderate Colon Dysplasia; Moderate Dysplasia of Colon
A morphologic finding indicating the presence of moderate dysplastic cellular changes and moderate architectural changes in the glandular epithelium of the colonic mucosa. There is no evidence of invasion. [Definition Source: NCI]
Displasia Moderata del colon
Matige Colondysplasie
Moderate Colon Dysplasia
An eating away or breakdown of any type of external or internal human tissue including but not limited to skin, teeth, mucosa, or somatic, which involves only the outer tissue layer. When tissue surrounds an implanted device, the tissue breakdown may result in migration and loss of the implant material and may result in further complications such as infection or abscess. [Definition Source: NCI]
Erosie
Erosion
Erosione
hyperaemia; hyperemic
The presence of an increased amount of blood in a part or organ; engorgement. [Definition Source: NCI]
Hyperemia
Hyperemie
Iperemia
iperemia
Removal of tissue from the small intestine for microscopic examination, using an endoscope. [Definition Source: NCI]
Biopsia dell'Intestino Tenue
Biopsie van de Dunne Darm
Biopsy of Small Intestine
Biopsy (cervical); Other method, specify: ECC
Removal of tissue from the cervix for microscopic examination. [Definition Source: NCI]
Biopsia Cervicale
Cervical Biopsy
Cervicale Biopsie
Colonoscopic Biopsy; Colonoscopy and Biopsy; Biopsy of Colon
Removal of tissue from the colon for microscopic examination, using an endoscope. [Definition Source: NCI]
Biopsia del Colon
Biopsie van de Dikke Darm
Biopsy of Colon
Endoscopic Biopsy of Duodenum; Duodenal Biopsy; Biopsy of Duodenum
Removal of tissue from the duodenum for microscopic examination, using an endoscope. [Definition Source: NCI]
Biopsia del Duodeno
Biopsie van de Twaalfvingerige Darm
Biopsy of Duodenum
Colonoscopic Polypectomy; Colonic Polypectomy
Complete or partial removal of a polypoid lesion from the mucosal surface of the large intestine. [Definition Source: NCI]
Colonoscopic Polypectomy
Colonoscopische Polypectomie
Polipectomia Colonscopica
Surgical removal of all of the uterus, via an abdominal approach. [Definition Source: NCI]
Isterectomia Addominale Totale
Total Abdominal Hysterectomy
Totale Abdominale Hysterectomie
Other method, specify: total Abdominal Hysterectomy
Removal of tissue from the lung, for microscopic examination.
The removal of a small piece of lung tissue to be checked by a pathologist for cancer or other diseases. The tissue may be removed using a bronchoscope (a thin, lighted, tube-like instrument that is inserted through the trachea and into the lung). It may also be removed using a fine needle inserted through the chest wall, by surgery guided by a video camera inserted through the chest wall, or by an open biopsy. In an open biopsy, a doctor makes an incision between the ribs, removes a sample of lung tissue, and closes the wound with stitches. [Definition Source: NCI]
Biopsia Polmonare
Long Biopsie
Lung Biopsy
Uses a thin, low-voltage electrified wire loop to cut out a thin layer of abnormal tissue; generally used to remove abnormal cells on the surface of the cervix. [Definition Source: NCI]
Cervicale Sprong
Leep Cervicale
Loop Electrosurgical Excision
Removal of tissue from the bronchus for microscopic examination. [Definition Source: NCI]
Biopsia Bronchiale
Bronchial Biopsy
Bronchiale Biopsie
Removal of tissue from the bronchus for microscopic examination.
Removal of tissue from the jujunum for microscopic examination, using an endoscope. [Definition Source: NCI]
Biopsia del Digiuno
Biopsie van Jejunum
Biopsy of Jejunum
Dyskeratosis is abnormal keratinization occurring prematurely within individual cells or groups of cells below the stratum granulosum.[Defintion Source: ISBN 0-7216-0187-1] Dyskeratosis congenita is congenital disease characterized by reticular skin pigmentation, nail degeneration, and leukoplakia on the mucous membranes associated with short telomeres. [Defintion Source: PMID 22285015]
Discheratosi
Dyskeratose
Dyskeratosis
Gastric heterotopia (GH) is a rare, congenital condition where gastric tissue is found outside of its normal location in the gastric mucosa. It is usually benign and can be found throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In the duodenum, it is usually seen as multiple polyps, specifically in the duodenal bulb. [Definition Source: PMID 35607542]
Eterotopia Gastrica
Gastric Heterotopia of the Small Intestine
Maag Heterotopie van de Dunne Darm
The coexistence of a chronic inflammatory process with a superimposed polymorphonuclear neutrophilic infiltration. [Definition Source: NCI]
Chronic Active Inflammation
Chronische Actieve Ontsteking
Infiammazione Cronica Attiva
An inflammatory process characterized by the localized collection of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. [Definition Source: NCI]
Focal Acute Inflammation
Focale Acute Ontsteking
Infiammazione Acuta Focale
old SNOMED M41000
A finding indicating the presence of increased blood volume in the vascular lumen. [Definition Source: NCI]
Congestione
Tissue Congestion
Weefsel Congestie
A morphologic finding indicating the replacement of epithelial tissue outside the intestines by intestinal-type epithelium. [Definition Source: NCI]
Intestinal Metaplasia
Intestinale Metaplasie
Metaplasia Intestinale
Precancerous change of the mucosa of the stomach with intestinal epithelium, and is associated with an increased risk of dysplasia and cancer. [Definition Source: PMID 29606921]
Gastric Metaplasia
Maagmetaplasie
Metaplasia Gastrica
CIN 1; DYSPLASIA, MILD; MILD DYSPLASIA, CIN 1
A morphologic finding indicating the presence of mild cellular atypia associated with mild architectural changes in a tissue sample. [Definition Source: NCI]
Displasia Lieve
Mild Dysplasia
Milde Dysplasie
original SNOMED M74006
Moderate Dysplasia; CIN 2; DYSPLASIA, MODERATE; MODERATE DYSPLASIA, CIN 2
A morphologic finding indicating the presence of moderate cellular atypia associated with moderate architectural changes in a tissue sample. [Definition Source: NCI]
Displasia Moderata
Matige Dysplasie
Moderate Dysplasia
Severe Dysplasia; CIN 3; DYSPLASIA, SEVERE; SEVERE DYSPLASIA, CIN 3
A morphologic finding indicating the presence of severe cellular atypia associated with severe architectural changes in a tissue sample. [Definition Source: NCI]
Displasia Grave
Ernstige Dysplasie
Severe Dysplasia
Hemicolectomy
Surgical removal of approximately half of the colon. [Definition Source: NCI]
Emicolectomia
Hemicolectomie
Radical hysterectomy refers to the excision of the uterus en bloc with the parametrium (ie, round, broad, cardinal, and uterosacral ligaments) and the upper one-third to one-half of the vagina. The surgeon usually also performs a bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection. The procedure requires a thorough knowledge of pelvic anatomy, meticulous attention to sharp dissection, and careful technique to allow dissection of the ureters and mobilization of both bladder and rectum from the vagina. Particular care must be taken with the vasculature of the pelvic side walls and the venous plexuses at the lateral corners of the bladder to avoid excessive blood loss. Removal of the ovaries and fallopian tubes is not part of a radical hysterectomy; they may be preserved if clinically appropriate.
Isterectomia Radicale
Radical Hysterectomy
Radicale Hysterectomie
A substance produced by the cervix and endocervical glands[BTO]. Thick acidic mucus that blocks the cervical os after mestruation [WP]. This 'infertile' mucus blocks spermatozoa from entering the uterus.
Baarmoederhalsslijm
Cervical Mucus
Muco Cervicale
doudenal mucosa; mucosa of duodenum; mucous membrane of duodenum; duodenal mucous membrane
The inner lining of the duodenum. [Definition Source: NCI]
Duodenal Mucosa
Mucosa Duodenale
Slijmvlies van de Twaalfvingerige Darm
Vertebrate specific. In arthropods 'abdomen' is the most distal section of the body which lies behind the thorax or cephalothorax. If need be we can introduce some grouping class
abdominopelvis; abdominopelvic region
belly; celiac region; adult abdomen
The subdivision of the vertebrate body between the thorax and pelvis. The ventral part of the abdomen contains the abdominal cavity and visceral organs. The dorsal part includes the abdominal section of the vertebral column. [Definition Source: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165]
Abdomen
Addome
Buik
A thin layer of tissue that covers the lungs and lines the interior wall of the chest cavity. It protects and cushions the lungs. This tissue secretes a small amount of fluid that acts as a lubricant, allowing the lungs to move smoothly in the chest cavity while breathing.; The serous membrane that lines the wall of the thoracic cavity and the surface of the lungs. [Definition Source: NCI]
The invaginated serous membrane that surrounds the lungs (the visceral portion) and lines the walls of the pleural cavity (parietal portion).
Borstvlies
Pleura
he hollow muscular organ in female mammals in which the blastocyst normally becomes embedded and in which the developing embryo and fetus is nourished. Its cavity opens into the vagina below and into a uterine tube on either side.
Uterus
The female muscular organ of gestation in which the developing embryo or fetus is nourished until birth.
Baarmoeder, Niet Anders Gespecificeerd
Utero, Non Altrimenti Specificato
Uterus, NOS
Most animals that lay eggs, such as birds and reptiles, have an oviduct instead of a uterus. In monotremes, mammals which lay eggs and include the platypus, either the term uterus or oviduct is used to describe the same organ, but the egg does not develop a placenta within the mother and thus does not receive further nourishment after formation and fertilization. Marsupials have two uteruses, each of which connect to a lateral vagina and which both use a third, middle 'vagina' which functions as the birth canal. Marsupial embryos form a choriovitelline 'placenta' (which can be thought of as something between a monotreme egg and a 'true' placenta), in which the egg's yolk sac supplies a large part of the embryo's nutrition but also attaches to the uterine wall and takes nutrients from the mother's bloodstream.
terminal portion of intestine
terminal portion of large intestine; rectal sac; intestinum rectum
Rectum, Not Otherwise Specified (NOS)
Rectum, NOS
Rectum, Niet Anders Gespecificeerd
Retto, Non Altrimenti Specificato
Presence of keyword "Rectum NOS" in "Materiali" field in AOEC Database.
The terminal portion of the intestinal tube, terminating with the anus. [Definition Source: NCI]
caecum; cecum; intestinum crassum caecum
intestinum crassum cecum; intestinum caecum; blindgut; blind intestine
A pouch in the digestive tract that connects the ileum with the ascending colon of the large intestine. It is separated from the ileum by the ileocecal valve, and is the beginning of the large intestine. It is also separated from the colon by the cecocolic junction.
Blinde Darm
Caecum
Cieco
Keyword Caecum in "Materiali" field
large bowel
hindgut
Colon, Not Otherwise Specified (NOS)
Colon, NOS
Colon, Non Altrimenti Specificato
Dikke Darm, Niet Anders Gespecificeerd
Last portion of the large intestine before it becomes the rectum.
colon ascendens
spiral colon
Section of colon which is distal to the cecum and proximal to the transversecolon.
Ascending Colon
Colon Ascendente
Oplopende Dubbele Punt
colon transversum
The proximal-distal subdivision of colon that runs transversely across the upper part of the abdomen, from the right to the left colic flexure. Continuous with the descending colon.
Colon Trasverso
Dwars Dubbele Punt
Transverse Colon
Keyword "trasverso" in "Materiali" field.
colon descendens
The portion of the colon between the left colic flexure and the sigmoid colon at the pelvic brim; the portion of the descending colon lying in the left iliac fossa is sometimes called the iliac colon.
Aflopende Dubbele Punt
Colon Discendente
Descending Colon
colon sigmoideum; pelvic colon; sigmoid colon; sigmoid flexure
The part of the large intestine that is closest to the rectum and anus. It forms a loop that averages about 40 cm. in length, and normally lies within the pelvis, but on account of its freedom of movement it is liable to be displaced into the abdominal cavity.
Colon Sigmoideo
Sigmoid Colon
The lateral and inferior border of the stomach. Attached to it is the greater omentum. [Definition Source: NCI]
Curvatura Maggiore dello Stomaco
Greater Curvature of Stomach
Grotere Kromming van de Maag
antrum of stomach; stomach pyloric antrum
antrum pyloricum; antrum of Willis; stomach antrum; antrum pylori; gastric antrum
The initial part of the pyloric canal of the stomach. This site contains endocrine cells that produce gastrin and somatostatin. [Definition Source: NCI]
Antro Pilorico
Antrum Pylori
Pylorus Antrum
Compound, tubular, submucosal glands located in the duodenum proximal to the sphincter of Oddi; these glands produce alkaline-rich secretions that function to both protect the duodenum from the acidic content of the stomach and to enable intestinal enzymes to activate, thus enabling absorption to start. [Definition Source: NCI]
Duodenal Gland
Duodenale Klier
Ghiandola Duodenale
editor note: currently defined as equivalent to any submucosal gland in the duodenum. database_cross_reference: EMAPA:36522; GAID:314; NCIT:C13010; FMA:15060; http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/41298001; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunner's_glands; MESH:A03.492.411.620.270.322; UMLS:C0006323; MA:0001551; http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0006323; BTO:0002376 has_exact_synonym: submucosal gland of duodenum; Brunner's gland; gland of Brunner has_obo_namespace: uberon has_related_synonym: glandula duodenales Brunneri; glandula duodenales http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#id: UBERON:0001212 in_subset: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#organ_slim; http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#pheno_slim; http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#uberon_slim taxon_notes: Said to be absent outside mammlian (Andrew 1959) but Ziswiler and Farner (1972) noted similar glands at the gastroduodenal junction of some birds
Either of two organs which allow gas exchange absorbing oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide with exhaled air.
Respiration organ that develops as an oupocketing of the esophagus.
Long
Lung
Polmone
respiration organ in all air-breathing animals, including most tetrapods, a few fish and a few snails. In mammals and the more complex life forms, the two lungs are located in the chest on either side of the heart. Their principal function is to transport oxygen from the atmosphere into the bloodstream, and to release carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere. This exchange of gases is accomplished in the mosaic of specialized cells that form millions of tiny, exceptionally thin-walled air sacs called alveoli. // Avian lungs do not have alveoli as mammalian lungs do, they have Faveolar lungs. They contain millions of tiny passages known as para-bronchi, connected at both ends by the dorsobronchi
The section of the intestines between the pylorus and cecum. The small intestine is approximately 20 feet long and consists of the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum. Its main function is to absorb nutrients from food as the food is transported to the large intestine. [Definition Source: NCI]
Dunne Darm
Intestino Tenue
Small Intestine
The fixed portion of the small intestine deeply lodged in the posterior wall of the abdomen and extending from the pylorus to the beginning of the jejunum.
A jointed tube 25-30 cm long that connects the stomach to the jejunum. [Definition Source: NCI]
Duodeno
Duodenum
Twaalfvingerige darm
In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear, and the terms anterior intestine or proximal intestine may be used instead of duodenum.; In humans, the duodenum is a hollow jointed tube about 10-15 inches (25-38 centimetres) long connecting the stomach to the jejunum. It begins with the duodenal bulb and ends at the ligament of Treitz.
The portion of the small intestine that extends from the duodenum to the ileum. [Definition Source: NCI]
Digiuno
Jejunum
intestinum ileum; lower intestine; posterior intestine; distal intestine
The portion of the small intestine that extends from the jejunum to the colon
Ileo
Ileum
The ileum is the final section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear and the terms posterior intestine or distal intestine may be used instead of ileum.
The upper conducting airways of the lung; these airways arise from the terminus of the trachea
Bronchus
Bronco
In humans, the main bronchus is histologically identical to trachea; 2ary and 3ary bronchi are not; epithelium becomes simple columnar, goblet cell number decreases, elastic fibers in lamina propria increases, distribution more uniform. Muscular layer between mucosa and submucosa appears. cartilage rings become discontinuous plates connected by fibrous connective tissue
mucous membrane of rectum; rectum mucous membrane; mucosa of organ of rectum; rectal mucosa; rectum mucosa; rectal mucous membrane; rectum mucosa of organ; organ mucosa of rectum; rectum organ mucosa
A mucosa that is part of a rectum
Membrana Mucosa Rettale
Rectaal Slijmvlies
Rectal Mucous Membrane
The central part of the thoracic cavity enclosed by the left and right pleurae.
Mediastino
Mediastinum
original SNOMED TY2300, I decided to left it untouched since it is quite peculiar
The epithelium of the cervix is varied. The ectocervix (more distal, by the vagina) is composed of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The endocervix (more proximal, within the uterus) is composed of simple columnar epithelium.
cervical epithelium; epithelium of cervix; cervix epithelial tissue; cervical canal epithelial tissue; cervical canal epithelium
An epithelium that is part of a uterine cervix
Cervix Epitheel
Cervix Epithelium
Epitelio della Cervice
The squamous epithelium of the cervical portio is similar to that of the vagina, except that it is generally smooth and lacks rete pegs. Colposcopically, it appears featureless except for a fine network of vessels which is sometimes visible. The relative opacity and pale pink coloration of the squamous epithelium derives from its multi-layered histology and the location of its supporting vessels below the basement membrane.
Cervix Plaveiselepitheel
Cervix Squamous Epithelium
Epitelio Squamoso della Cervice
A lymph node that is part of a thorax. Includes lymph nodes of the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes
Linfonodo Toracico
Thoracale Lymfeknoop
Thoracic Lymph Node
Intestinal Villus of Duodenum
Intestinale Villus van de Twaalfvingerige Darm
Villi Intestinali del Duodeno
An epithelium that is part of a duodenum.
Duodenaal Epitheel
Duodenal Epithelium
Epitelio Duodenale
distal colon
The distal portion of the colon; it develops embryonically from the hindgut and functions in the storage and elimination of waste.
Colon Sinistro
Left Colon
Linker Dubbele Punt
proximal colon
The proximal portion of the colon, extending from the ileocecal valve usually to a point proximal to the left colic flexure; it develops embryonically from the terminal portion of the midgut and functions in absorption.
Colon Destro
Rechter Dubbele Punt
Right Colon
The 'glandular' or columnar epithelium of the cervix is located cephalad to the squamocolumnar junction. It covers a variable amount of the ectocervix and lines the endocervical canal. It is comprised of a single layer of mucin-secreting cells. The epithelium is thrown into longitudinal folds and invaginations that make up the so-called endocervical glands (they are not true glands). These infolding crypts and channels make the cytologic and colposcopic detection of neoplasia less reliable and more problematic. The complex architecture of the endocervical glands gives the columnar epithelium a papillary appearance through the colposcope and a grainy appearance upon gross visual inspection. The single cell layer allows the coloration of the underlying vasculature to be seen more easily. Therefore, the columnar epithelium appears more red in comparison with the more opaque squamous epithelium.
A glandular epithelium that is part of a uterine cervix.
Cervix Glandulair Epitheel
Cervix Glandular Epithelium
Epitelio Ghiandolare della Cervice
ectocervical epithelium; exocervical epithelium
A epithelium that is part of a ectocervix.
Epitelio Esocervicale
Exocervicaal Epitheel
Exocervical Epithelium
squamocolumnar junction of uterine cervix; squamo-columnar junction of uterine cervix
Region of cervical epithelium where columnar epithelium of endocervic and the stratified non-keratinising squamous epithelium of the ectocervic meet
Cervical Squamo-Columnar Junction
Cervicale Squamocolumnaire Overgang
Giunzione Squamocolonnare Cervicale
The subdivision of the digestive tract that consists of the colon and the rectum
Colorectum
Coloretto
duodenal crypt; duodenal crypt of Lieberkuhn
An intestinal crypt that is located in the duodenum. [Definition Source: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165]
Cripta di Lieberkuhn del Duodeno
Crypt of Lieberkuhn of Duodenum
Crypte van Lieberkuhn van de Twaalfvingerige Darm
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:37838; FMA:269063 has_exact_synonym: duodenal crypt; duodenal crypt of Lieberkuhn has_obo_namespace: uberon http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#id: UBERON:0013482 in_subset: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#pheno_slim
duodenal cap; bulbus (duodenum); ampulla duodeni; duodenal cap viewed radiologically; bulbus duodeni; ampulla (duodenum); ampulla of duodenum
The very first part of the duodenum which is slightly dilated.
Ampolla Duodenale
Duodenal Ampulla
Duodenale Ampulla
lamina propria of duodenum; duodenal lamina propria; lamina propria mucosae of duodenum
A lamina propria that is part of a duodenum.
Duodenal Lamina Propria
Lamina Propria del Duodeno
Pulmonary lymph nodes are a common and underrecognized cause of a peripheral SPN. These lymph nodes are usually found at the bifurcation of the bronchi, before the fourth branch, where they are referred to as peribronchial lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are occasionally present within the lung parenchyma, where they are designated intrapulmonary lymph nodes (IPLNs) or perifissural nodules (PFNs).
Linfonodo Polmonare
Pulmonale Lymfeknoop
Pulmonary Lymph Node
rectosigmoid region
An anatomical junction that is between the sigmoid colon and rectum.
Giunzione Rettosigmoidea
Rectosigmoid Junctie
Rectosigmoid Junction
Onset of disease manifestations in adulthood, defined here as at the age of 16 years or later. [Defintion Source: HPO probison]
Adult Onset
Gruppo d'Età Adulta
Volwassen Aanvang
A type of adult onset with onset of symptoms after the age of 60 years. [Defintion Source: HPO probison]
Gruppo d'Età Tarda
Laat Begin
Late Onset
A type of adult onset with onset of symptoms at the age of 40 to 60 years. [Defintion Source: HPO probison]
Begin op Middelbare Leeftijd
Gruppo d'Età della Mezza Età
Midlle Age Onset
Onset of disease at the age of between 16 and 40 years. [Defintion Source: HPO DDD:hfirth]
Begin bij Jonge Volwassenen
Gruppo d'Età Giovane Adulto
Young Adult Onset
Biopsy executed in the pyloric antrum, a form of endoscopic biopsy.
Biopsia dell'Antro Pilorico
Biopsie van Het Pylorusantrum
Biopsy of the Pyloric Antrum
Entity representing the Cannizzaro Hospital as producer of medical report
Cannizzaro Hospital
Ospedale Cannizzaro
Ziekenhuis Cannizzaro
Biopsy produced in the greater curvature area, a region in the stomach.
Biopsia della Grande Curvatura
Biopsie van de Grotere Kromming
Biopsy of the Greater Curvature
Biopsia + Stomaco + Corpo
Severe Colon Dysplasia; Severe dysplasia of colon
Dysplasia is a term that describes how much your polyp looks like cancer under the microscope. Polyps that are more abnormal and look more like cancer are said to have high-grade (severe) dysplasia.
Ernstige Colondysplasie
Grave Displasia del Colon
Severe Colon Dysplasia
Campione Insoddisfacente per la Diagnosi
Specimen Onbevredigend voor Diagnose
Specimen Unsatisfactory for Diagnosis
In this ontology there are different semantic areas. These are: diagnosis, procedure, test, anatomical location, and general. General is the area of entities that are common to all clinical cases. Organization, clinical case reports, diseases, are classes with entities that do not belong to the other 4 semantic areas, therefore we classified them in general. These are the classes that, in our documentation, are contained in the green box.
Algemene Entiteit
Entità Generica
General Entity
Atrofia Ghiandolare
Glandulaire Atrofie
Glandular Atrophy
Inconclusive outcome where not enough material was present for the diagnosis.
Insufficient Material
Materiale Insufficiente
Onvoldoende Materiaal
Intervention
Semantic class to describe the semantic area of the interventions. We defined our own class (and not used the ncit one) because we wanted to keep the two separated to not entangle too much queries and also because here we are using it with a slightly different semantic meaning.
Procedura
Procedure
Test is a semantic area encompassing all those entities representing one test. One example are the immunistochemical tests like the immunoprecipitation. These tests may have different outcome, like being true or false, or a non-negative integer.