A new species of Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from the Brazilian Atlantic forest of Espírito Santo

Background – Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) is a large genus that contains c. 800 species in the neotropic region. As a result of fieldwork conducted in the protected areas of the Atlantic forest remnants of Espírito Santo, Brazil, we have found a new orchid species that is described and illustrated in this paper. Methods – Herbarium collections were consulted for identification and compared with the new species. Morphological data were obtained through the study of herbarium specimens as well as of live specimens collected in the field. Key results – Epidendrum patentifolium Fraga, A.P.Fontana & L.Kollmann, a new species endemic to the Atlantic forest areas of central Espírito Santo in Brazil, is described and illustrated. Comments on its ecology, geographical distribution, and conservation status are provided. The new species is morphologically similar to E. ochrochlorum Barb.Rodr., E. proligerum Barb.Rodr., and E. parahybunense Barb.Rodr., from which it differs by short proligerous rhizomes, short and patent leaf blades, with purple lower surface and short peduncles. In accordance with the status and criteria of the IUCN Red List of endangered plant species, it must be considered as Vulnerable.