README Data associated with Hadlow et al. (2022) Density-dependent patterns of multivariate selection on sperm motility and morphology in a broadcast spawning mussel. Ecology and Evolution Corresponding author contact information: Jessica H. Hadlow jessica.hadlow@research.uwa.edu.au Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, M092 Perth WA 6009 Australia Data were collected in June-October 2019 in Perth, Western Australia. The model species is Mytilus galloprovincialis, a marine broadcast spawning mussel. Details of data collection can be found in associated paper (published in Ecology and Evolution). Sperm morphology was measured using Image J (v 1.48) and images taken of sperm fixed in 10% buffered formalin. Sperm motility was analysed using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA, CEROS-II, Hamilton-Thorne, Beverly, USA). Fertilisation rates were estimated as the number of embryos undergoing normal cleavage or with polar bodies out of 200 haphazardly-sampled eggs. Fertilisation assays were conducted under two sperm density regimes (high and low sperm concentrations). Data were analysed using multivariate selection analyses in R (v 3.6.0). -- File descriptions Hadlow_2022_Density_dependent_selection_sperm_morphology_traits.csv File containing sperm morphology measurements for 183 male mussels. Morphology measurements were used as phenotypic predictors of fertilisation success. Average sperm morphological traits taken from 20 sperm per male. ** parameter not used in final analyses ID: unique individual identifier for males. Letter at end of ID indicates treatment (H - high or L - low) HW AVE**: average sperm head width (micrometres, um) AC AVE**: average sperm acrosome length (um) HL AVE: average sperm head length (um) FL AVE: average sperm flagellum length (um) TL AVE**: average total length of sperm (um) Morphological data could not be collected for males 2012L and 2010H. The rows associated with these males contain "n/a" (rows 168 and 171). Hadlow_2022_Density_dependent_selection_sperm_motility_and_fertilisation_rates.csv File containing sperm motility parameters and fertilisation rates for 182 male mussels. Motility measurements were used as phenotypic predictors of fertilisation success. Fertilisation success used as a measure of reproductive fitness. ** parameter not used in final analyses ID: unique individual identifier for males. Letter at end of ID indicates treatment (H - high or L - low) Block: number identifying experimental block to which the individual belongs (experiment was conducted in 22 blocks) Treatment: H or L. H = high sperm density treatment, L = low sperm density treatment Fert: fertilisation success, number of embryos undergoing normal cleavage or with polar bodies out of 200 haphazardly-sampled eggs motilecount**: number of motile sperm tracked in the sample ALH**: amplitude of lateral head placement, maximum lateral placement of sperm head about its average path (um) BCF: beat-cross frequency, average rate at which the actual sperm trajectory crosses the average path (Hz) LIN: path linearity, linearity of the curvilinear/actual sperm trajectory (VSL/VCL x 100) STR**: path straightness, linearity of the average path (VSL/VAP x 100) VAP**: average path velocity, average velocity of sperm along a smoothed track (um/s) VCL: curvilinear velocity, average velocity of sperm measured along the actual track (um/s) VSL**: stragiht-line velocity, average velocity of sperm along a straight line from their first and last detection point (um/s) PM: percentage of motile sperm in the sample (%) totalcount**: total number of sperm tracked in the sample (motile and non-motile)