Version,Set,Old_Set_ID,CID,QID,Sub-ID,Wording,Response,Comment,Respondent,Dom,DomOrder,DataType,Answer1,Answer2,Answer3,Answer4,Answer5,Answer6,Answer7,Answer8,Surname,[q2o1answer],FLang,F_ISO,F_Glottocode,[q2o2answer],NLang,N_ISO,N_Glottocode,ContactPair,ContactPair_ISO,ContactPair_Glottocode,AArea,Reviewer
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OT1,OT1,,1. How long have [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people been in contact overall?,Presumably from about 3000 BP. ,"Hypothetical of course, and this depends on assumptions about the identity of Eyak and Riverine Kachemak (cf. Davis 1996, Workman and Workman 2010)",Anna Berge,OV,6,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OT1N,OT1N,,"Coarse time range, numerical",-1050-2020,NA,Anna Berge,OV,6,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OT2,OT2,,2. What is the overall time frame when the largest number of people had the most opportunities for interaction?,ca. 3000-1500 BP,,Anna Berge,OV,6,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OT2N,OT2N,,"Coarse time range, numerical",-1050-450,NA,Anna Berge,OV,6,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OD1,OD1,,1. What is the total number of native-like speakers of [q2o1answer]?,"1,000-9,999 speakers","Hypothetical; we know that as subarctic populations go, the Aleutians were relatively populated, and that Kodiak had a large population relative to the surrounding areas.  There was a population explosion around 1100 BP and a crash sometime before the arrival of Europeans in 1700.  When Europeans arrived, the estimated Aleut population was between 15-20,000.  Hence my answer above.",Anna Berge,OV,6,Types,10-99 speakers,100-999 speakers,"1,000-9,999 speakers","10,000-99,999 speakers","100,000-999,999 speakers","1,000,000-9,999,999 speakers","10,000,000-99,999,999 speakers","100,000,000-999,999,999 speakers",Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OD3,OD3,,2. What is the total number of native-like speakers of [q2o2answer]?,100-999 speakers,"The Eyak appear never to have been very numerous, and there were only a very few hundred by the time of European contact.",Anna Berge,OV,6,Types,10-99 speakers,100-999 speakers,"1,000-9,999 speakers","10,000-99,999 speakers","100,000-999,999 speakers","1,000,000-9,999,999 speakers","10,000,000-99,999,999 speakers","100,000,000-999,999,999 speakers",Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OD4,OD4,,3. What is the approximate proportion of native-like speakers in the total population of all speakers of [q2o1answer]?,High proportion,"In precontact times, the Aleut would have spoken their language natively",Anna Berge,OV,6,Scalar,High proportion,Fairly high proportion,Intermediate proportion,Fairly low proportion,Low proportion,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OD5,OD5,,4. What is the approximate proportion of native-like speakers in the total population of all speakers of [q2o2answer]?,High proportion,"In precontact times, the Eyak would have spoken their language natively",Anna Berge,OV,6,Scalar,High proportion,Fairly high proportion,Intermediate proportion,Fairly low proportion,Low proportion,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OG1,OG1,,5. What is the population density within the area where [q2o1answer] is spoken?,100–399 persons per 10 sq. km,"Assuming a population of 16,000 at European contact (mid-18th c), Collins assumes 67 people/sq km, comparable to Pacific Northwest Coast populations, far more dense than Eskimo populations",Anna Berge,OV,6,Types,Less than 2 persons per 10 sq. km,2–4 persons per 10 sq. km,5–19 persons per 10 sq. km,20–99 persons per 10 sq. km,100–399 persons per 10 sq. km,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OS7,OS7,,6. What is the mean size of the [q2o1answer] speaking communities at the local level?,From 100 to 199 persons,"Community sizes vary widely; I chose the number associated with more Eastern villages, which were more likely to be in contact with neighboring non-Aleut groups",Anna Berge,OV,6,Types,Fewer than 50 persons,From 50 to 99 persons,From 100 to 199 persons,From 200 to 399 persons,"From 400 to 1,000 persons","More than 1,000 persons in the absence of indigenous urban aggregations","One or more indigenous towns of more than 5,000 inhabitants but none of more than 50,000",NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OS9,OS9,,7. How frequently do [q2o1answer] people generally interact with out-group people? ,Very Frequently,This is assuming the institution of slavery...,Anna Berge,OV,6,Scalar,Very Frequently,Frequently,Neither frequently nor infrequently,Infrequently,Very infrequently,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OI1,OI1,OI1-1,"8. Is [q2o1answer] stated as an expression of identity of any of the following? Group centered around shared descent, such as clan, house, lineage group, kinship group",Yes,"Aleut identity was based on kinship, culture, territory, and free status",Anna Berge,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OI1,OI1,OI1-2,"8. Is [q2o1answer] stated as an expression of identity of any of the following? Race, ethnicity, or some other similar grouping",Yes,[See above],Anna Berge,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OI1,OI1,OI1-3,"8. Is [q2o1answer] stated as an expression of identity of any of the following? Micro-level (politico-)territorial group, including regional or areal groups, clans, bands, tribes",Yes,[See above],Anna Berge,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OI1,OI1,OI1-4,"8. Is [q2o1answer] stated as an expression of identity of any of the following? Macro-level (politico-)territorial group, such as nation, tribe, state",No,[See above],Anna Berge,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OI1,OI1,OI1-5,"8. Is [q2o1answer] stated as an expression of identity of any of the following? Formal or informal relationships between non-kin, such as alliances, sodality membership, ad-hoc relationships between families or individuals",Yes,[See above],Anna Berge,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OI3,OI3,,9. Is there a codified standard variety for [q2o1answer]?,NA,"At the time we are talking about, 3000-1500 BP, there was no writing",Anna Berge,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OI6,OI6,,"10. What are the [q2o1answer] speakers' attitudes towards linguistic transfers from [q2o2answer], such as lexical or grammatical borrowing?",Positive,Aleut appears to have been a language that accepted innovations and changes.  This appears to be true throughout prehistory and historical period,Anna Berge,OV,6,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neither positive nor negative,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OI7,OI7,,"11. What are the [q2o1answer] speakers' general attitudes towards linguistic transfer, such as lexical or grammatical borrowing, from any other language than [q2o2answer]?",Positive,cf. comments above,Anna Berge,OV,6,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neither positive nor negative,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OI9,OI9,,12. What are the [q2o1answer] speakers' attitudes towards lectal differences within [q2o1answer]?,Positive,cf comments above,Anna Berge,OV,6,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neither positive nor negative,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OI8,OI8,,13. How significant is language as part of group identity for the speakers of [q2o1answer]?,Significant,This is hypothetical; but it is based on current and historical Indigenous reflections on identity; there were early Indigenous advocates for literacy in Aleut as opposed to Russian once literacy was introduced (18th-19th c).,Anna Berge,OV,6,Scalar,Very significant,Significant,Neither significant nor insignificant,Insignificant,Very insignificant,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OB1,OB1,,14. There is an emic conception of [q2o1answer] as “a language” or some other categorical or objective thing?,Yes,,Anna Berge,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,O10,O10,,[q2o1answer] peoples’ language loyalty towards [q2o1answer] can be characterised as:,High,"The answer is based on historical documentation.  There are traditional stories that show a clear sense of group identity based not only on physical location but also on dialectal differences with other groups, e.g. the Attuans vs. the Atkans (cf. Snigaroff 1952).  As mentioned in the previous question, there were early Indigenous advocates for literacy (e.g. Pan’kov), and the Aleut were literate in their own language soon after literacy was introduced by the Russians in the early 19th century.  They have maintained their language, but have been open to changes. ",Anna Berge,OV,6,Scalar,Very high,High,Neither low nor high,Low,Very low,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OL3,OL3,,15. Do the [q2o1answer] speaking people use some orthography in writing their language?,"No, the Focus Group language is not written","The answer is in reference to the prehistoric period.  The language has been written since the 19th c.; it was first written using Cyrillic; since the 20th century, Roman characters have been standard.  Writing was irrelevant at the time of hypothesized contact between the Eyak and the Aleut, although there was a tradition of petroglyphic production on Kodiak and in the Aleutians.",Anna Berge,OV,6,Types,"Yes, in a non-standardised way","Yes, in a standardised way","No, the Focus Group language is not written",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OL1,OL1,,16. What is the approximate rate of formal literacy in the [q2o1answer] speaking community?,NA,"Again, this answer is in reference to the prehistoric period",Anna Berge,OV,6,Scalar,High,Fairly high,Intermediate,Fairly low,Low,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OL2,OL2,OL2-1,"17. Restrictions in access to literacy in terms of social categories. Is the ability to read and write restricted, in practice, to people of certain hierarchy groups associated with profession or wealth (such as class and caste)?",NA,"This question is irrelevant, given that prior to the 19th c, the language wasn't written, and we are focusing on 3000-1500 BP",Anna Berge,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OL2,OL2,OL2-2,"17. Restrictions in access to literacy in terms of social categories. Is the ability to read and write restricted, in practice, to people of certain magico-religiously sanctioned groups (such as religious denomination)?",NA,[See above],Anna Berge,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OL2,OL2,OL2-3,"17. Restrictions in access to literacy in terms of social categories. Is the ability to read and write restricted, in practice, to people of certain descent groups, such as clan, house, lineage group, kinship group)?",NA,[See above],Anna Berge,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OL2,OL2,OL2-4,"17. Restrictions in access to literacy in terms of social categories. Is the ability to read and write restricted, in practice, to people of certain races, ethnicities, or some other similar grouping?",NA,[See above],Anna Berge,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OL2,OL2,OL2-5,"17. Restrictions in access to literacy in terms of social categories. Is the ability to read and write restricted, in practice, to people of certain age cohorts or life stages?",NA,[See above],Anna Berge,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OL2,OL2,OL2-6,"17. Restrictions in access to literacy in terms of social categories. Is the ability to read and write restricted, in practice, to a certain sex or genders?",NA,[See above],Anna Berge,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OL2,OL2,OL2-7,"17. Restrictions in access to literacy in terms of social categories. Is the ability to read and write restricted, in practice, to other communities of practice not mentioned above?",NA,[See above],Anna Berge,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OS1,OS1,,"18. Typically, how many levels of jurisdictional hierarchy are there in the [q2o1answer] speaking society, beyond the local community?",One level,"Generally, justice is meted out by the chief; although blood feuds could be conducted by anyone",Anna Berge,OV,6,Scalar,Four levels,Three levels,Two levels,One level,No levels,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OS2,OS2,,"19. Typically, how many levels of jurisdictional hierarchy are there in [q2o2answer] society, beyond the local community?",One level,"Generally, justice is meted out by the chief",Anna Berge,OV,6,Scalar,Four levels,Three levels,Two levels,One level,No levels,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OS4,OS4,,"20. Which of the following best characterises the dominant form of the [q2o1answer] speaking group's mobility and sedentism, in regards to subsistence?",Mixed,"Aleuts were, for the most part, seasonally sedentary.  There were seasonal migrations in some cases, e.g. to summer fish camps; but there were stable permanent winter villages.  ",Anna Berge,OV,6,Types,Sedentary,Mobile,Mixed,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OS5,OS5,,"21. Which of the following best characterises the dominant form of the [q2o2answer] speaking group's mobility and sedentism, in regards to subsistence?",Mixed,"Same answer as above, although they were probably less sedentary than the Aleut.  ",Anna Berge,OV,6,Types,Sedentary,Mobile,Mixed,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OS6,OS6,,22. The [q2o1answer] speaking society's subsistence pattern can be broadly characterised as... ,Mixed,Mix between hunter-gatherer and fishing,Anna Berge,OV,6,Types,Hunter-gatherer,Fishing,Animal Husbadry,"Agricultural, casual","Agricultural, shifting","Agricultural, permanent",Highly Mixed,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OH1,OH1,,"23. Have there been any natural disasters or major societal upheaval during the densest period of contact between the [q2o1answer] speaking and [q2o2answer] speaking people, such it impacted people's mobility, and [q2o1answer] speaking people talk about it?",Yes,"The Aleut (and Eyak) suffered through climate changes, volcanism, tsunamis, as per paleo-environmental studies.  During their contact, there was a major volcanic eruption in the early period (ca. 3000 BP) that inhibited contact between the Eastern Aleutians and everything to the east, including Kodiak, Kenai, and Prince William Sound, thus isolating different Aleut groups and directing Aleuts on Kodiak and Kenai eastward rather than westward in their contacts with other groups (cf. Berge forthcoming).  Between 2000-1500 BP, changes in fish migration eliminated human populations on Kenai Peninsula; the assumption is that they migrated.  The first evidence of the Eyak in the Yakutat area (their present day home) dates from about 1200 BP.",Anna Berge,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OE1,OE1,,24. How long time have you spent working with this community?,20 yrs,NA,Anna Berge,OV,6,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OE2,OE2,,25. Whom did you mostly interact with during your stay and through community-based research?,Elders,NA,Anna Berge,OV,6,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OE3,OE3,,26. Was your interaction with members of the community typically mediated by one/a few person(s)? Who were they?,Sometimes; family members or native language activists,NA,Anna Berge,OV,6,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OC1,OC1,,27. How certain are you in your responses to the set of questions about each domain?,Uncertain,"Contact between Eyak and Aleut is hypothetical because it refers to earlier prehistory; it is based on the best available information from various scientific fields, including linguistics.",Anna Berge,OV,6,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OC2,OC2,,28. How certain are you in your responses to the set of questions about social networks (The S-Set of questions)?,Uncertain,cf. comments above.  There is no guarantee that what was described in historical ethnographies was pertinent to the period in focus,Anna Berge,OV,6,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OC3,OC3,,29. How certain are you in your responses to the set of questions about attitudes and ideologies (The B-Set of questions)?,Uncertain,,Anna Berge,OV,6,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OC4,OC4,,30. How certain are you in your responses to the set of questions about language production (The O-Set of questions)?,Uncertain,,Anna Berge,OV,6,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OC5,OC5,,31. How certain are you in your responses to the set of questions about the languages spoken to the [q2o1answer] people (The I-Set of questions)?,Uncertain,,Anna Berge,OV,6,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,OC6,OC6,,32. How certain are you in your responses to the set of questions about children (The T-Set of questions)?,Uncertain,,Anna Berge,OV,6,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,P1,DEM00,,1. Has exchange ever been a relevant domain of contact between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer]?,No,"There is no evidence in the ethnographies of exchanges of gifts or wives outside of ethnic groups among the Aleut; the Eyak had such a system in place with the Tlingit and to a lesser extent with the Ahtna, but not with the Chugach Eskimos.",Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,P2,DEM0a,,3. How long have [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people practised exchange for? ,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,P2N,DEM0aN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,P3,DEM0b,,4. What is the time frame when the largest number of people had the most opportunities for interaction in exchange?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,P3,DEM0bN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,P4,DEM01,,"5. What other languages, if any, are spoken in this domain?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D1,DEM02,DEM02-1,6. Characteristic of the domain of Exchange. Is Exchange between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] the individual’s initiative?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D1,DEM02,DEM02-2,6. Characteristic of the domain of Exchange. Is Exchange between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] an institutionalised procedure?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D1,DEM02,DEM02-3,6. Characteristic of the domain of Exchange. Is Exchange between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] part of a ceremonial event to which both communities participate?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D6,DEM04,,7. Where does exchange between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people typically take place?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Types,At places which belong to the [q2o1answer],At places which belong to the [q2o2answer],At places which belong to some other group,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D11,DEM19,,8. How much influence can the [q2o1answer] exert over exchange?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Scalar,Influence is practically always exerted,Influence is very much exerted,Influence is somewhat exerted,Influence is exerted very little,Influence is practically never exerted,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D9,DEM38,,9. Are there any speech styles used during practices of exchange?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D12,DEM45,,"10. How often are these speech styles typically used during practices of exchange, in comparison with unmonitored speech?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Scalar,Always,Sometimes,As much as unmonitored speech,Rarely,Never,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DEM03,DEM03-1,"11. Social categories. Does involvement in Exchange practices differ based on hierarchies associated to profession or wealth, such as a person's class or caste?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DEM03,DEM03-2,"11. Social categories. Does involvement in Exchange practices differ based on whether a person belongs to some magico-religiously sanctioned group, such as religious denomination?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DEM03,DEM03-3,"11. Social categories. Does involvement in Exchange practices differ based on a person's descent group, such as clan, house, lineage group, kinship group?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DEM03,DEM03-4,"11. Social categories. Does involvement in Exchange practices differ based on a person’s group of land ownership, such as tribe, clan, territorial group?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DEM03,DEM03-5,"11. Social categories. Does involvement in Exchange practices differ based on a person’s race, ethnicity, or some other similar grouping?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DEM03,DEM03-6,11. Social categories. Does involvement in Exchange practices differ based on a person’s age or life stage?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DEM03,DEM03-7,11. Social categories. Does involvement in Exchange practices differ based on a person’s place identity and affiliation?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DEM03,DEM03-8,11. Social categories. Does involvement in Exchange practices differ based on a person’s sex or gender?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DEM03,DEM03-9,11. Social categories. Does involvement in Exchange practices differ based on any other communities of practice?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D10,DEM41,,12. Do [q2o1answer] people experience exchange differently depending on social group?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,S1,DEM08,,13. How often do [q2o1answer] people exchange with [q2o2answer] people?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Scalar,Very often,Often,Sometimes,Rarely,Very rarely,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,S3,DEM11,,14. How many people are typically involved in interactions between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] in the context of exchange?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Scalar,Interactions are practically always under 5 people,Interactions are often under 5 people,Interactions are sometimes under 5 people,Interactions are rarely under 5 people,Interactions are practically never under 5 people,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,S5,DEM10,,15. How would you rate the overall relationship between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people in the domain of exchange?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Scalar,Friendly,Somewhat friendly,Neutral,Somewhat hostile,Hostile,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,S6,DEM40,,16. What is the proportion of total [q2o1answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o2answer] people in the context of exchange?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,S7,DEM44,,17. What is the proportion of total [q2o2answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o1answer] people in the context of exchange?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,BA,DEM17,,18. What is the overall attitude that [q2o1answer] people have towards [q2o2answer] people in the context of exchange?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neutral,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,BH,DEM18,,19. How do [q2o1answer] people view themselves overall in relation to [q2o2answer] people in the context of exchange?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Scalar,[q2o1answer] see themselves as very superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as neither superior nor inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as very inferior to [q2o2answer],NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,BI,DEM05,,20. What language do [q2o1answer] people expect to be used when interacting with [q2o2answer] people through practices of exchange?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,O1,DEM14,,21. What language do [q2o1answer] people typically speak during practices of exchange with [q2o2answer] people?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,O2,DEM15,,22. Do [q2o1answer] people typically simplify their [q2o1answer] language when speaking with [q2o2answer] people during practices of Exchange?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Types,Yes,No,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,O3,DEM16,,"23. Typically in the context of exchange practices, how fluently to [q2o1answer] people speak the [q2o2answer] language?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Scalar,Very fluently,Fluently,Somewhat fluently,A little fluently,Not fluently at all,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,I1,DEM12,,24. What language do [q2o2answer] people typically speak to [q2o1answer] people during practices of exchange?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,I2,DEM13,,"25. Typically in contexts of exchange practices, how well do [q2o1answer] people understand the [q2o2answer] language?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Types,Very well,Well,Somewhat,Poorly,Very poorly,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T1,DEM06,,26. How much do [q2o1answer] children participate in practices of exchange?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Scalar,They practically always participate,They participate a lot,They participate somewhat,They participate a little,They practically never participate,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T6,DEM39,DEM39-1,"27. Child socialisation. Typically during practices of exchange, do adults other than the parents look after children up to five year of age?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T6,DEM39,DEM39-2,"27. Child socialisation. Typically during practices of exchange, do parents look after children up to five year of age?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T6,DEM39,DEM39-3,"27. Child socialisation. Typically during practices of exchange, do children from sibling-kin groups look after children up to five year of age?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T6,DEM39,DEM39-4,"27. Child socialisation. Typically during practices of exchange, do children up to five year of age look after each other as part of the same peer group?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T11,DEM20,,"28. Typically, how much supervision do adults provide to children during practices of exchange?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Scalar,Constant supervision,A lot of supervision,Some supervision,Little supervision,No supervision at all,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T2,DEM21,,29. What language do [q2o2answer] adults typically speak to [q2o1answer] children during practices of exchange?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T4,DEM22,,"30. Typically, what language do [q2o1answer] children prefer to speak with [q2o2answer] adults in the context of exchange?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T5,DEM25,,"31. Typically, what language do [q2o1answer] children speak to [q2o2answer] children during practices of exchange?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Types,There are no [q2o2answer] children in the domain of exchange,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D1,DEM26,DEM26-1,"32. Marrying out: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody outside their village or other kind of local community?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D1,DEM26,DEM26-2,"32. Marrying out: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody outside their descent group or clan?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D1,DEM26,DEM26-3,"32. Marrying out: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody outside their designated marriage group such as a moiety?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D1,DEM26,DEM26-4,"32. Marrying out: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody outside their hierarchical social group such as class or caste?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D1,DEM26,DEM26-5,"32. Marrying out: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody outside their linguistic group?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D1,DEM27,DEM27-1,"33. Marrying within: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody from the same village or other kind of local community?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D1,DEM27,DEM27-2,"33. Marrying within: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody from the same descent group or clan?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D1,DEM27,DEM27-3,"33. Marrying within: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody from the same designated marriage group such as a moiety?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D1,DEM27,DEM27-4,"33. Marrying within: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody from the same hierarchical social group such as class or caste?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D1,DEM27,DEM27-5,"33. Marrying within: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody from the same linguistic group?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D1,DEM28,DEM28-1,34. Polygyny. Is polygyny possible for [q2o1answer] men?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D1,DEM28,DEM28-2,34. Polygyny. Is polygyny possible for [q2o2answer] men?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D1,DEM28,DEM28-3,34. Polygyny. Is polygyny possible for men from all societal strata?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D1,DEM29,DEM29-1,35. Polyandry. Is polyandry possible for [q2o1answer] women?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D1,DEM29,DEM29-2,35. Polyandry. Is polyandry possible for [q2o2answer] women?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D1,DEM29,DEM29-3,"35. Polyandry. If possible, is polyandry of fraternal type?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D1,DEM29,DEM29-4,"35. Polyandry. If possible, is polyandry of non-fraternal type?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D1,DEM37,DEM37-1,36. What type of marriage payments and transfers are expected when [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] marry? Bride wealth,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D1,DEM37,DEM37-2,36. What type of marriage payments and transfers are expected when [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] marry? Dowry,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D1,DEM37,DEM37-3,36. What type of marriage payments and transfers are expected when [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] marry? Other,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DEM31,DEM31-1,37. Intermarriage. Is it typical for [q2o1answer] men to marry [q2o2answer] women?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DEM31,DEM31-2,37. Intermarriage. Is it typical for [q2o1answer] women to marry [q2o2answer] men?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D6,DEM32,,38. Where do marriage ceremonies between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] take place?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Types,At places which belong to the [q2o1answer],At places which belong to the [q2o2answer],At places which belong to some other group,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,S5,DEM34,,39. How would you rate the overall relationship between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people in practices of marriage exchanges?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Scalar,Friendly,Somewhat friendly,Neutral,Somewhat hostile,Hostile,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,S6,DEM42,,40. What is the proportion of total [q2o1answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o2answer] people in the context of marriage exchanges?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,S7,DEM43,,41. What is the proportion of total [q2o2answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o1answer] people in the context of marriage exchanges? ,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,BA,DEM35,,42. What is the overall attitude that [q2o1answer] people have towards [q2o2answer] people in practices of marriage exchanges?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neutral,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,BH,DEM36,,"43. How do [q2o1answer] people view themselves overall in relation to [q2o2answer] people, within the context of marriage?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Scalar,[q2o1answer] see themselves as very superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as neither superior nor inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as very inferior to [q2o2answer],NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,BI,DEM33,,44. What language do [q2o1answer] people expect to be used in marriage ceremonies with [q2o2answer] people?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T6,DEM30,DEM30-1,45. Does marriage impose any child rearing obligations for both parents and grandparents on both sides?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T6,DEM30,DEM30-2,"45. Does marriage impose any child rearing obligations for one parent, and grandparents on both sides?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T6,DEM30,DEM30-3,"45. Does marriage impose any child rearing obligations for one parent, and grandparents on that side?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T6,DEM30,DEM30-4,"45. Does marriage impose any child rearing obligations for one parent, and grandparents from the other side?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,E1,DEM96,,"46. List any other groups that the [q2o1answer] practiced Social Exchange with in the past, in so far as you believe this had linguistic consequences for the [q2o1answer] language. Where possible, please also give an indication of when this contact through Social Exchange practices happened. ",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,E4,DEM97,,47. What type of data informed your answers to the questions in the domain of social exchange overall? ,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,TypesMultiple,Impressions from my own fieldwork with the exact or related community,Reports from language consultants,Published or ongoing research project of my own on topics covered in this questionnaire,Published material by linguists,Published materials by other researchers in other fields,Other,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,E5,DEM98,,48. How certain are you in your responses for the domain of social exchange?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,E6,DEM99,,49. List any comments or notes that you feel are relevant to this section of the questionnaire.,"Eyak as a neighbor is a hypothesis, based on some archaeological (e.g. Davis 1996, Dumond 2001, Maschner 2016) and linguistic evidence (Leer 1991).",NA,Anna Berge,DEM,2,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,P1,DFK00,,"2. Do [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry each other, or have they done so in the past?",No,"I put 'no', although this could be wrong, because there is little evidence of this in the ethnographies. There is documentation that both groups had slave women as concubines (although In the historical period, there is no evidence that the Aleut had Eyak slaves and vice versa.  Veniaminov (1840) mentions an Aleut tradition that a small group of Aleuts left some unproductive land and went eastward, as far as the Kenai Peninsula, and intermarried with Dena'ina, Chugach Eskimos, and the Eyak.",Anna Berge,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,P2,DFK0a,,2. How long have [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] peoples been forming families with each other for?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,P2N,DFK0aN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,P3,DFK0b,,3. What’s the time frame of densest contact between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] as far as family formation is concerned?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,P3N,DFK0bN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,P4,DFK01,,"4. What other languages, if any, are spoken between family members?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D6,DFK35,,5. What is the typical pattern of relocation for [q2o1answer] women when starting a new family?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Scalar,[q2o1answer] women practically always relocate to [q2o2answer] locations,[q2o1answer] women often relocate to [q2o2answer] locations,[q2o1answer] women sometimes relocate to [q2o2answer] locations,[q2o1answer] women rarely relocate to [q2o2answer] locations,[q2o1answer] women practically never relocate to [q2o2answer] locations,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D6,DFK39,,6. What is the typical pattern of relocation for [q2o2answer] women when starting a new family? ,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Scalar,[q2o2answer] women practically always relocate to [q2o1answer] locations,[q2o2answer] women often relocate to [q2o1answer] locations,[q2o2answer] women sometimes relocate to [q2o1answer] locations,[q2o2answer] women rarely relocate to [q2o1answer] locations,[q2o2answer] women practically never relocate to [q2o1answer] locations,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D1,DFK02,DFK02-1,7. Do mothers form a co-residential unit with their children and their husbands?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D1,DFK02,DFK02-2,7. Do mothers form a co-residential unit with their children and their mothers?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D1,DFK02,DFK02-3,7. Do mothers form a co-residential unit with their children and their mother in laws?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D10,DFK40,,8. Do [q2o1answer] people experience family life differently depending on social group?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,S1,DFK03,,"9. Typically, how much of their lives do spouses spend with each other during the course of their lifetime?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Scalar,Practically all their lives,Much of their lives,Some of their lives,A little of their lives,Practically none of their lives,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,S4,DFK37,,10. How physically proximate to each other are the households of the husband and wife?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Scalar,Very proximate to each other,Proximate to each other,Somewhat proximate to each other,Far from each other,Very far from each other,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,BA,DFK16,,11. What is the overall level of affection that the [q2o1answer] person has towards their [q2o2answer] spouse?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Scalar,Very affectionate,Affectionate,Neutral,Unaffectionate,Very unaffectionate,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,O1,DFK06,,12. What language do [q2o1answer] people typically speak with their [q2o2answer] spouse?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,O2,DFK07,,13. Do [q2o1answer] people typically simplify their [q2o1answer] language when speaking with their [q2o2answer] spouse?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Types,Yes,No,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,O3,DFK08,,"14. Typically in the domain of family, how fluently to [q2o1answer] people speak the [q2o2answer] language?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Scalar,Very fluently,Fluently,Somewhat fluently,A little fluently,Not fluently at all,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,I1,DFK09,,15. What language do [q2o2answer] people typically speak with their [q2o1answer] spouse?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,I2,DFK10,,"16. Typically in the domain of family, how well do [q2o1answer] people understand the [q2o2answer] language?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Scalar,Very well,Well,Somewhat,Poorly,Very poorly,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T6,DFK04,DFK04-1,"17. Looking after children. Typically, do fathers look after children up to five year of age?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T6,DFK04,DFK04-2,"17. Looking after children. Typically, do mothers primarily look after children up to five year of age?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T6,DFK04,DFK04-3,17. Looking after children. Do adults other than the parents look after children up to five year of age?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T6,DFK04,DFK04-4,17. Looking after children. Do children from sibling-kin groups look after children up to five year of age?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T6,DFK04,DFK04-5,17. Looking after children. Do children up to five year of age look after each other as part of the same peer group?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T11,DFK24,,"18. Typically, how much supervision do grandparents provide to children?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Scalar,Constant supervision,A lot of supervision,Some supervision,Little supervision,No supervision at all,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,BI,DFK05,,19. What language are children expected to speak to their [q2o2answer] parent?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T7,DFK20,,20. What language do [q2o1answer] parents typically speak with their children?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T8,DFK21,,21. What language do [q2o2answer] parents typically speak with their children?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T9,DFK22,,22. What language do children typically speak with their [q2o1answer] parent?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T10,DFK23,,23. What language do children typically speak with their [q2o2answer] parent?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T2,DFK25,,24. What language do [q2o2answer] grandparent/aunts/uncles typically speak to the children?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T4,DFK26,,"25. Typically, what language do [q2o1answer] children speak with their [q2o2answer] grandparents/aunts/uncles?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D9,DFK38,DFK38-1,26. Are any of the following features characteristic when speaking to one’s [q2o2answer] in-laws? Lexical avoidance,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D9,DFK38,DFK38-2,26. Are any of the following features characteristic when speaking to one’s [q2o2answer] in-laws? The use of certain morphosyntactic forms,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D9,DFK38,DFK38-3,26. Are any of the following features characteristic when speaking to one’s [q2o2answer] in-laws? The use of certain pronominal forms,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,S1,DFK12,,"27. Thinking about the [q2o1answer] person and their [q2o2answer] in-laws, how often would they typically meet?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Scalar,Very often,Often,Sometimes,Rarely,Very rarely,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,S3,DFK15,,28. How many people are typically involved in interactions between a [q2o1answer] person and their [q2o2answer] in-laws?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Scalar,Interactions are practically always under 5 people,Interactions are often under 5 people,Interactions are sometimes under 5 people,Interactions are rarely under 5 people,Interactions are practically never under 5 people,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,S4,DFK11,,29. How physically proximate to each other are a [q2o1answer] person and their [q2o2answer] in-laws?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Scalar,Very proximate to each other,Proximate to each other,Somewhat proximate to each other,Far from each other,Very far from each other,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,S5,DFK14,,30. How would you rate the overall relationship between a [q2o1answer] person and their [q2o2answer] in-laws?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Scalar,Friendly,Somewhat friendly,Neutral,Somewhat hostile,Hostile,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,BA,DFK33,,31. What is the overall attitude that a [q2o1answer] person has towards their [q2o2answer] in-laws?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neutral,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,O1,DFK30,,32. Your child has married a [q2o2answer] person. What language do you typically speak when speaking with your [q2o2answer] son/daughter-in-law?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,O2,DFK31,,"33. Typically, does a [q2o1answer] person simplify their [q2o1answer] language when speaking to their [q2o2answer] in-laws?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Types,Yes,No,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,O3,DFK32,,"34. Typically, how fluently does a [q2o1answer] person speak the [q2o2answer] language when speaking to their [q2o2answer] in-laws?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Scalar,Very fluently,Fluently,Somewhat fluently,A little fluently,Not fluently at all,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,I1,DFK28,,"35. Your child has married a [q2o2answer] person. What language does your child’s spouse typically speak to you, a [q2o1answer] person?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,I2,DFK29,,"36. Typically, how well does a [q2o1answer] person understand the [q2o2answer] in-law’s language?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Scalar,Very well,Well,Somewhat,Poorly,Very poorly,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,I1,DFK34,,37. You have married a [q2o2answer] person. What language do you typically speak to your [q2o2answer] in-laws (your spouse’s parents and siblings)?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,I2,DFKXX,,"37b. Typically, how well does a [q2o1answer] person understand the [q2o2answer] in-law’s language?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Scalar,Very well,Well,Somewhat,Poorly,Very poorly,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,E1,DFK96,,38. Who do [q2o1answer] people typically form families with besides [q2o2answer] people?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Types,Other [q2o1answer] people,People from other groups,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,E4,DFK97,,"39. What type of data informed your answers to the questions in the domain of family and kin, overall?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,TypesMultiple,Impressions from my own fieldwork with the exact or related community,Reports from language consultants,Published or ongoing research project of my own on topics covered in this questionnaire,Published material by linguists,Published materials by other researchers in other fields,Other,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,E5,DFK98,,40. How certain are you in your responses for the domain of family and kin?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,E6,DFK99,,41. List any comments or notes that you feel are relevant to this section of the questionnaire.,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DFK,2,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,P1,DLB00,,1. Has work ever been a relevant domain of contact between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer]?,Yes,"Large-scale practice of slavery all along the Pacific Coast; documented instances of up to 1/4 of populations enslaved and in some case 1 slave per household member (cf. Donald 1997, Liapunova 1996, Ames 2001, Cameron 2011)",Anna Berge,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,P2,DLB0a,,2. How long have [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people worked together for?,"Unclear, but probably over an extended period of time; evidence of shared and typologically unusual grammatical features (cf. Leer 1991, Berge 2016, 2018); probably in period between 3000-800 BP (neighboring contact up to about 1500 BP, more remote contact after arrival of Alutiiq, who would have created a wedge between the two groups.  The Eyak were riverine inland people, and new to their historical homeland from around 1200 BP; but prior to that, there are some archaeological connections between Yakutat (one of Eyak settlements post-1200 BP) and Riverine Kachemak of northern Kenai Peninsula (cf. Davis 1996).  Aleut may have been main Kachemak in currently Alutiiq areas (cf. Berge forthcoming, Dumond 2001, Maschner 2016)",,Anna Berge,DLB,1,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,P2N,DLB0aN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",-1050-1150,NA,Anna Berge,DLB,1,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,P3,DLB0b,,3. What is the time frame when the largest number of people had the most opportunities for interaction in the labour domain?,"cf. above:  slavery existed for at least 2000-3000 years along Pacific Coast, and the most direct and intense contact would have occurred prior to 800 BP",,Anna Berge,DLB,1,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,P3N,DLB0bN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",-1050-1150,NA,Anna Berge,DLB,1,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,P4,DLB01,,"4. What other languages, if any, are spoken in the labour domain?","Probably Dena'ina, again through slavery.  Possibly slaves from other linguistic regions along the Pacific Coast, e.g. Haida and Tsimshian, but there would have been fewer, because of the distances involved.","After 800 BP, there was extensive contact between the Aleut and the Alutiiq speaking peoples.",Anna Berge,DLB,1,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D1,DLB02,,5. How commonly are [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people involved in public modes of production?,Somewhat commonly,"Not sure how to answer this one.  Most slaves would have been associated with household tasks, but there are known instances at least in some Northwest Coast areas of slaves being part of male subsistence domain of work, e.g. being in boats for hunting. Some traditional Aleut stories list work that slaves were asked to do; for example, in one, a male slave has to cook, prepare the boats for travel, keep the fire going, etc. (Bergsland and Dirks 1990).",Anna Berge,DLB,1,Scalar,Very commonly,Commonly,Somewhat commonly,Uncommonly,Very uncommonly,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D4,DLB04,,6. Is there hierarchy involved in work?,Yes,"The Aleuts would have been dominant, the Eyak would have been the slaves; slavery was generally for life, unless a slave was successfully ransomed or freed in raids.",Anna Berge,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D6,DLB05,,7. Where do [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people typically work together?,At places which belong to the [q2o1answer],"Aleuts were of course captured as slaves in other territories; but I assume we are talking here about Eyak influence on the Aleut language, and that would have come about through Eyak slaves in Aleut households.",Anna Berge,DLB,1,Types,At places which belong to the [q2o1answer],At places which belong to the [q2o2answer],At places which belong to some other group,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D11,DLB29,,8. How much influence can the [q2o1answer] exert over the terms of work?,Influence is practically always exerted,"Again, the situation is that of Eyak slaves to Aleut masters",Anna Berge,DLB,1,Scalar,Influence is practically always exerted,Influence is very much exerted,Influence is somewhat exerted,Influence is exerted very little,Influence is practically never exerted,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D9,DLB06,,9. Are there any speech styles used during work?,Yes,"This is a hypothesis; adult slaves would have had to learn some Aleut, whereas child slaves can be assumed to pick up the Aleut language relatively fluently",Anna Berge,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D12,DLB31,,"10. How often are these speech styles typically used during work, in comparison with unmonitored speech?",Always,"cf. comments above; this is a hypothesis, but in the context of work, slaves would have been forced to use the mode of communication preferred by the masters, i.e. the Aleut.  Presumably, adult slaves would have been speaking their non-native language to each other, and possibly to Aleut babies.",Anna Berge,DLB,1,Scalar,Always,Sometimes,As much as unmonitored speech,Rarely,Never,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DLB03,DLB03-1,"11. Involvement in work. Does involvement in work differ based on hierarchies associated to profession or wealth, such as a person's class and caste?",Yes,"The Aleut were known to have a stratified society, with chiefs, nobles, commoners, and slaves.  Most free groups could have slaves.  Slaves included both captives of other ethnic groups as well as orphans and the poor dependent on their richer kin.  Many male captives were killed or kept for ransom, whereas female captives were either kept as wives or slaves.  Children were enslaved.
Aleuts, especially in the Eastern areas, lived in extended longhouses, consisting of multigenerational families, and there were profession-based differences in work.  For example, among males, there were whaling/hunting cohorts, and restricted membership in a whaling society.  Young Aleut males would be raised by maternal uncles after about age 10, if I remember correctly.",Anna Berge,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DLB03,DLB03-2,"11. Involvement in work. Does involvement in work differ based on whether a person belongs to some magico-religiously sanctioned group, such as religious denomination?",No,[See above],Anna Berge,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DLB03,DLB03-3,"11. Involvement in work. Does involvement in work domain differ based on a person's descent group, such as clan, house, lineage group, kinship group?",Yes,[See above],Anna Berge,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DLB03,DLB03-4,"11. Involvement in work. Does involvement in work domain differ based on a person’s group of land ownership, such as tribe, clan, territorial group?",Yes,[See above],Anna Berge,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DLB03,DLB03-5,"11. Involvement in work. Does involvement in work differ based on a person’s race, ethnicity, or some other similar grouping?",Yes,[See above],Anna Berge,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DLB03,DLB03-6,11. Involvement in work. Does involvement in work differ based on a person’s age or life stage?,Yes,[See above],Anna Berge,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DLB03,DLB03-7,11. Involvement in work. Does involvement in work differ based on a person’s place identity and affiliation?,Yes,[See above],Anna Berge,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DLB03,DLB03-8,11. Involvement in work. Does involvement in work differ based on a person’s sex or gender?,Yes,[See above],Anna Berge,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DLB03,DLB03-9,11. Involvement in work. Does involvement in work differ based on any other communities of practice?,Yes,[See above],Anna Berge,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D10,DLB30,,12. Do [q2o1answer] people experience work differently depending on social group?,Yes,"The vast majority of slaves appear to have been employed for menial labor and women's labor, e.g. river fishing as opposed to deep-sea fishing (the latter is men's work); berry picking; cleaning the house; etc. [Answering focusing on the following social group/s:] household; Aleut women and children and Eyak slaves",Anna Berge,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,S1,DLB07,,13. How often do [q2o1answer] people work with [q2o2answer] people?,Very often,daily,Anna Berge,DLB,1,Scalar,Very often,Often,Sometimes,Rarely,Very rarely,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,S3,DLB09,,14. How many people are typically involved in interactions between [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people when working?,Interactions are sometimes under 5 people,"Aleuts lived in longhouses; the Eastern Aleutians were the most densely populated parts of the Aleutians, the ones with the most slaves, and the ones with the largest longhouses.  Longhouses could have 20 or more people in them and consisted of multifamily households.  It is in this context that I saySometimes interactions with under 5 people, since during the days, men would be out hunting or conducting war or trade, and women would be fishing or gathering grass or berries.",Anna Berge,DLB,1,Scalar,Interactions are practically always under 5 people,Interactions are often under 5 people,Interactions are sometimes under 5 people,Interactions are rarely under 5 people,Interactions are practically never under 5 people,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,S4,DLB10,,15. How physically proximate to each other are people when working?,Very proximate to each other,,Anna Berge,DLB,1,Scalar,Very proximate to each other,Proximate to each other,Somewhat proximate to each other,Far from each other,Very far from each other,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,S5,DLB11,,16. How would you rate the overall relationship between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people involved in work?,Neutral,"Presumably, there were some good relations and some bad relations, but that is impossible to verify",Anna Berge,DLB,1,Scalar,Friendly,Somewhat friendly,Neutral,Somewhat hostile,Hostile,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,S6,DLB27,,"17. What is the proportion of total [q2o1answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o2answer] people, in work?",Many people,"Many individuals in the Aleut community or longhouse would not have had a personal slave; but in the community, slaves were a daily part of life.",Anna Berge,DLB,1,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,S7,DLB28,,"18. What is the proportion of total [q2o2answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o1answer] people, in work?",Few people,Most Eyak people lived independently in their territory and were not enslaved by the Aleut.,Anna Berge,DLB,1,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,BA,DLB22,,19. What is the overall attitude that [q2o1answer] people have towards [q2o2answer] people in work?,Negative,"In general, the Aleut considered slaves the bottom rung of the social hierarchy, and many stories suggest that they were treated as such.  I'm sure there were good and bad relations, but stories are generally disparaging of slaves and the poor.",Anna Berge,DLB,1,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neutral,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,BH,DLB23,,"20. How do [q2o1answer] people view themselves overall in relation to [q2o2answer] people, within the context of work?",[q2o1answer] see themselves as very superior to [q2o2answer],cf. above,Anna Berge,DLB,1,Scalar,[q2o1answer] see themselves as very superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as neither superior nor inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as very inferior to [q2o2answer],NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,BI,DLB25,,21. What language do [q2o1answer] people expect to be used when working with [q2o2answer] people?,The [q2o1answer] language,"There were unequal relations between the two groups, with the Aleut being dominant.  The Aleut language was presumably the dominant mode of communication, but this is hypothetical.  It is likely that children raised by slaves or raised in the company of slaves learned Eyak to some degree, hence the language contact effects.",Anna Berge,DLB,1,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,O1,DLB32,,22. What language do [q2o1answer] people typically speak when working with [q2o2answer] people?,The [q2o1answer] language,,Anna Berge,DLB,1,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,O2,DLB13,,23. Do [q2o1answer] people typically simplify their language when working with [q2o2answer] people?,This is highly contextual,"Not clear.  Any response would be hypothetical, and there are many possibilities.  New slaves might be put under the care of bilingual slaves, or there might be a simplified language between master and slave.  It is impossible to say.",Anna Berge,DLB,1,Types,Yes,No,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,O3,DLB14,,"24. Typically in work, how fluently do [q2o1answer] people speak the [q2o2answer] language?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DLB,1,Scalar,Very fluently,Fluently,Somewhat fluently,A little fluently,Not fluently at all,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,I1,DLB15,,25. What language do [q2o2answer] people typically speak when working with [q2o1answer] people?,This is highly contextual,"Many captives were women and children, and slaves were often working specifically in the women's domain, including child-rearing.  Slaves would have had to learn at least some level of conversational Aleut, although adult slaves may have learned it imperfectly.  They would have had to use Aleut in speaking with the Aleut, but they probably used Eyak with very young children and babies.  Presumably, as with many documented cases of such interactions in other cultures (e.g. India, the southern states of America through the 19th c, etc), this resulted in Aleut children growing up speaking and comprehending some degree of Eyak.",Anna Berge,DLB,1,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,I2,DLB16,,"26. Typically in work, how well do [q2o1answer] people understand the [q2o2answer] language?",Somewhat,"cf. comments above:  children raised with slaves would have grown up and been able to understand the language of their slaves, but again, it depends on the number of slaves, the degree of interaction, etc., none of which is documented in such detail.",Anna Berge,DLB,1,Scalar,Very well,Well,Somewhat,Poorly,Very poorly,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T1,DLB17,,27. How much do [q2o1answer] children participate in work?,They participate a lot,"Children were relatively free until about age 6, when they were gradually taught the skills necessary; by age 10 they were expected to participate a lot.",Anna Berge,DLB,1,Scalar,They practically always participate,They participate a lot,They participate somewhat,They participate a little,They practically never participate,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T6,DLB21,DLB21-1,"28. Looking after children during work. Typically, do adults other than the parents look after children up to five year of age during work?",Yes,"These answers are hypothetical, but based on ethnographies from the 19th-20th centuries.  Young children were looked after by women and slaves; older boys were raised by the maternal uncle. Older girls were looked after by female relatives. I have not read about children under the age of 5 looking after each other. (cf. Lantis 1970, Hrdlicka 1945)",Anna Berge,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T6,DLB21,DLB21-2,"28. Looking after children during work. Typically, do parents look after children up to five year of age during work?",Yes,[See above],Anna Berge,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T6,DLB21,DLB21-3,"28. Looking after children during work. Typically, do children from sibling-kin groups look after children up to five year of age during work?",Yes,[See above],Anna Berge,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T6,DLB21,DLB21-4,"28. Looking after children during work. Typically, do children up to five year of age look after each other as part of the same peer group during work?",No,[See above],Anna Berge,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T11,DLB26,,"29. Typically, how much supervision do adults provide to children in work?",A lot of supervision,"cf. above:  the mother's brother played a big role in supervising children, especially the young boys.  From the age of about 8 to 16, the uncle was responsible for instructing the boys in necessary marine hunting skills.",Anna Berge,DLB,1,Scalar,Constant supervision,A lot of supervision,Some supervision,Little supervision,No supervision at all,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T2,DLB18,,30. What language do [q2o2answer] adults typically speak to a [q2o1answer] children in work?,This is highly contextual,"cf. previous comments:  Eyak slaves were involved in taking care of young children, and young Aleut children probably grew up understanding and speaking some degree of Eyak.",Anna Berge,DLB,1,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T4,DLB19,,"31. Typically, what language do [q2o1answer] children from four/five year of age prefer to speak with [q2o2answer] adults in work?",This is highly contextual,"This is a big unknown. Given the predominance of Aleut in early documentation of Aleut, I would guess that there was great pressure for growing children to identify with Aleut culture and language, rather than the slave’s culture and language.  Since around the age of 6 is when young Aleut children started learning the skills needed for adulthood, they likely spent less and less time socializing with slaves and more time speaking Aleut.  As such, they could be expected to gradually lose speaking ability in Eyak.",Anna Berge,DLB,1,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T5,DLB20,,"32. Typically, what language would a [q2o1answer] child speak to [q2o2answer] children in work?",This is highly contextual,"Presumably, very young children in each group were bilingual and spoke what was appropriate according to the context.  Older children probably communicated in Aleut.  ",Anna Berge,DLB,1,Types,[q2o1answer] children do not interact with [q2o2answer] children,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,E1,DLB96,,"33. List any other groups that the [q2o1answer] people worked with in the past. List any other group in so far as you believe they had linguistic consequences for the [q2o1answer] language. Where possible, please also give an indication of when this interaction happened.","Dena'ina and/or other Dene groups (ca. 3000 BP to at least 1500 BP; probably to at least 800 BP through institution of slavery); linguistic consequences include some ancient loanwords between the two groups (cf. Kari and Berge 2020), as well as grammatical influence from Dene to Aleut (cf. Berge 2016, forthcoming)
Alutiiq (ca 800 BP to present); linguistic consequences include loanwords mostly from Aleut to Alutiiq to Dena'ina (cf. Berge 2017, 2018),",NA,Anna Berge,DLB,1,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,E4,DLB97,,"34. What type of data informed your answers to the questions in the domain of labour, overall?",Published or ongoing research project of my own on topics covered in this questionnaire Published material by linguists Published materials by other researchers in other fields,NA,Anna Berge,DLB,1,TypesMultiple,Impressions from my own fieldwork with the exact or related community,Reports from language consultants,Published or ongoing research project of my own on topics covered in this questionnaire,Published material by linguists,Published materials by other researchers in other fields,Other,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,E5,DLB98,,35. How certain are you in your responses for the domain of labour?,Somewhat certain,NA,Anna Berge,DLB,1,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,E6,DLB99,,36. List any comments or notes that you feel are relevant to this section of the questionnaire.,"The information here pertains to prehistoric period and is thus hypothetical, based on the best available evidence, including ethnohistories (e.g. Lantis 1938, de Laguna 1934, Veniaminov 1840, etc.), traditional stories (e.g. Bergsland and Dirks 1990), and so on. This is of course hypothetical, given prehistoric nature of contact and lack of direct evidence.",NA,Anna Berge,DLB,1,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,P1,DLC00,,1. Has the local community ever been a relevant domain of contact between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer]?,Yes,"This is all hypothetical, but there are multiple authors that point to the possibilities of Aleut presence far to the east, and likewise of Eyak presence to the northwest, of known territory before European contact.  In any event, with multiple slave and trade relationships, I make an assumption that there would have been interactions outside the strictly private sphere.",Anna Berge,DLC,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,P2,DLC0a,,2. How long have [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people been in contact in the local community?,"Archaeological evidence for the interaction of different Kachemak groups (Riverine, which may have moved to what was the Eyak homeland ca. 1500-1200 BP, cf. Davis 1996, and main Kachemak, which was associated with Kodiak and which may have been Aleut, cf. Maschner 2016, Dumond 2001, Berge forthcoming).  Thus there was presumed extended contact between around 3000-1500 BP; and lesser and more indirect contact via slavery and long-distance trade after this time",,Anna Berge,DLC,5,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,P2N,DLC0aN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",-1050-450,NA,Anna Berge,DLC,5,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,P3,DLC0b,,3. What is the time frame when the largest number of people had the most opportunities for interaction in the local community?,"Again, prior to 1500 BP there would have been more regular and intensive contact, but the institution of slavery may have had much to do with subsequent interaction in the local community",,Anna Berge,DLC,5,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,P3N,DLC0bN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",-1050-450,NA,Anna Berge,DLC,5,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,P4,DLC01,,"4. What other languages, if any, are spoken in the local community?","potentially another Na-Dene language like Dena'ina
post-800 BP, Alutiiq",,Anna Berge,DLC,5,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D1,DLC02,,5. Choose one of the following where [q2o1answer] people are most likely to speak in an unmonitored way.,Neighbourhood or village,Note that most villages consisted of extended families and slaves; thus this choice also includes the nuclear family and band.,Anna Berge,DLC,5,Types,Nuclear Family,Band,Neighbourhood or village,Town or city,Other,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D6,DLC28,,6. Where do [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people typically meet up in the local community?,At places which belong to the [q2o1answer],"For the purposes of focusing on the linguistic developments in Aleut, the locus of influence would have been in Aleut communities",Anna Berge,DLC,5,Types,At places which belong to the [q2o1answer],At places which belong to the [q2o2answer],At places which belong to some other group,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D11,DLC27,,7. How much influence can the [q2o1answer] exert over [q2o2answer] in the activities of the local community?,Influence is practically always exerted,"I'm assuming the locus of interaction is in an Aleut village, in which case the Aleut are dominant, whether as masters or controllers of trade relations.  While there is some evidence that prehistoric Aleut families were matrilocal, this does not imply female power.  Thus if there was intermarriage, the male controlled the family.",Anna Berge,DLC,5,Scalar,Influence is practically always exerted,Influence is very much exerted,Influence is somewhat exerted,Influence is exerted very little,Influence is practically never exerted,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DLC25,DLC25-1,"8. Involvement in the Local Community. Does involvement in the local community differ based on hierarchies associated to profession or wealth, such as a person's class and caste?",Yes,"both Eyak and Aleut communities differentiated between Chiefs, Nobles, Commoners, and Slaves.  Both had shamans, and at least among the Aleut, shamans could be male or female.  The wealthy controlled longhouses, village affairs, sea-mammal hunts, and membership in whaling groups.  Men and women had relatively strict division of labor, etc.",Anna Berge,DLC,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DLC25,DLC25-2,"8. Involvement in the Local Community. Does involvement in the local community differ based on whether a person belongs to some magico-religiously sanctioned group, such as religious denomination?",No,[See above],Anna Berge,DLC,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DLC25,DLC25-3,"8. Involvement in the Local Community. Does involvement in the local community differ based on a person's descent group, such as clan, house, lineage group, kinship group?",Yes,[See above],Anna Berge,DLC,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DLC25,DLC25-4,"8. Involvement in the Local Community. Does involvement in the local community differ based on a person’s group of land ownership, such as tribe, clan, territorial group?",Yes,[See above],Anna Berge,DLC,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DLC25,DLC25-5,"8. Involvement in the Local Community. Does involvement in the local community differ based on a person’s race, ethnicity, or some other similar grouping?",Yes,[See above],Anna Berge,DLC,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DLC25,DLC25-6,8. Involvement in the Local Community. Does involvement in the local community differ based on a person’s age or life stage?,Yes,[See above],Anna Berge,DLC,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DLC25,DLC25-7,8. Involvement in the Local Community. Does involvement in the local community differ based on a person’s place identity and affiliation?,Yes,[See above],Anna Berge,DLC,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DLC25,DLC25-8,8. Involvement in the Local Community. Does involvement in the local community differ based on a person’s sex or gender?,Yes,[See above],Anna Berge,DLC,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DLC25,DLC25-9,8. Involvement in the Local Community. Does involvement in the local community differ based on any other communities of practice?,Yes,[See above],Anna Berge,DLC,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D10,DLC29,,9. Do [q2o1answer] people experience the local community differently depending on social group?,Yes,"cf. comments above, and comments on slavery/labor for type of socialization.  I don't know of any known traditional mixed villages in historical times, although there is archaeological evidence for mixed villages in Kodiak and in the Aleutians around the time the Alutiiq came in, ca. 800 BP.  There, the Alutiiq men appear to have married Aleut women (cf. Berge 2017, 2018).  It is certainly conceivable that mixed villages existed in earlier prehistory, but there is too little archaeological evidence for this. [Answering focusing on the following social group/s:] Aleut men--Eyak slaves (helping with hard labor during hunts) or traders
Aleut women/children and Eyak slaves",Anna Berge,DLC,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,S1,DLC16,,10. How often do [q2o1answer] people interact with [q2o2answer] people in the local community?,Very often,"in terms of slavery or potentially intermarriage, interaction would be daily.  In terms of trade, sometimes.",Anna Berge,DLC,5,Scalar,Very often,Often,Sometimes,Rarely,Very rarely,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,S3,DLC15,,11. How many people are typically involved in interactions between [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people in the local community?,Interactions are sometimes under 5 people,"cf. comments in other modules; densest Aleut population was in eastern part of territory, where people lived in large villages and longhouses (although I forgot to mention elsewhere that longhouses are somewhere around 1000 yrs old, maybe slightly older, but during the period of greatest contact, people would have been in smaller houses).",Anna Berge,DLC,5,Scalar,Interactions are practically always under 5 people,Interactions are often under 5 people,Interactions are sometimes under 5 people,Interactions are rarely under 5 people,Interactions are practically never under 5 people,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,S4,DLC05,,12. How physically proximate to each other are people in the local community?,Very proximate to each other,small communities.,Anna Berge,DLC,5,Scalar,Very proximate to each other,Proximate to each other,Somewhat proximate to each other,Far from each other,Very far from each other,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,S5,DLC14,,13. How would you rate the overall relationship between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people in the local community?,Neutral,"Again, this is hypothetical.  In the historical accounts of slavery, it is fairly clear that slaves were seen as inferior.  However, for the type of long-term linguistic contact that occurred in prehistory, there had to have been some good relations.  Also, cf. Veniaminov 1840:  Aleut considered people to the east of intervening Alutiiq to be 'relatives'.  So I put a middling neutral answer here.",Anna Berge,DLC,5,Scalar,Friendly,Somewhat friendly,Neutral,Somewhat hostile,Hostile,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,S6,DLC32,,"14. What is the proportion of total [q2o1answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o2answer] people, in the form of local communities?",Some people,"The densest Aleut population was in the  east, but there is no evidence that there were mixed communities, and the more westerly Aleut populations would not have had intensive opportunities for contact with Eyak.",Anna Berge,DLC,5,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,S7,DLC33,,"15. What is the proportion of total [q2o2answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o1answer] people, in the form of local communities?",Some people,"The Eyak were numerically much smaller than the Aleut, and likely proportionally more people might have come into contact with the Aleut, but there is no evidence that their communities were overrun by Aleut.",Anna Berge,DLC,5,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,BA,DLC18,,16. What is the overall attitude that [q2o1answer] people have towards [q2o2answer] people in the local community?,Neutral,"cf. my comments to the previous question about the Aleut attitude toward the Eyak. In historical times, the Aleut felt superior to slaves in their communities.  On the other hand, interactions with non-slaves in trade were polite and respectful.",Anna Berge,DLC,5,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neutral,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,BH,DLC19,,"17. How do [q2o1answer] people view themselves overall in relation to [q2o2answer] people, in the context of the local community?",[q2o1answer] see themselves as superior to [q2o2answer],cf. my comments above,Anna Berge,DLC,5,Scalar,[q2o1answer] see themselves as very superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as neither superior nor inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as very inferior to [q2o2answer],NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,BI,DLC04,,18. What language do [q2o1answer] people expect to be used with [q2o2answer] people in the local community?,This is highly contextual,"As I argue (Berge, forthcoming), there must have been a time when there was substantial bilingualism in early prehistory, in the period we are focusing on. Also, Aleut seems to be a language relatively open to change (cf. Malcom Ross)",Anna Berge,DLC,5,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,O1,DLC11,,19. What language do [q2o1answer] people typically speak with [q2o2answer] people in the local community?,The [q2o1answer] language,"Again, with slaves, the expectation would be to speak Aleut; and likewise, with intermarriages.  But in the early prehistoric period, if there was substantial bilingualism, it is possible that other languages would have been spoken.  I don't know what to say to all these questions, since it is highly hypothetical.  Most villages were relatively small compared to other parts of the world, so communities would have consisted of people who knew each other.  As I mentioned before, there is little evidence of mixed communities (such as on Kodiak, with Alutiiq and Aleut people from ca. 1000-800 BP), and those mixed communities did not stay mixed, i.e. there was cultural assimilation.  Thus I make a presumptuous assumption that the language of the community is the language preferred for communication, even 3000 BP.",Anna Berge,DLC,5,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,O2,DLC12,,20. Do [q2o1answer] people typically simplify their language when speaking with [q2o2answer] people in the local community?,This is highly contextual,"I would assume so but have no way of knowing, cf. my answers to previous modules.",Anna Berge,DLC,5,Types,Yes,No,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,O3,DLC13,,"21. Typically in the local community, how fluently do [q2o1answer] people speak the [q2o2answer] language?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DLC,5,Scalar,Very fluently,Fluently,Somewhat fluently,A little fluently,Not fluently at all,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,I1,DLC09,,22. What language do [q2o2answer] people typically speak with [q2o1answer] people in the local community?,The [q2o1answer] language,cf. previous comments,Anna Berge,DLC,5,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,I2,DLC10,,"23. Typically in the local community, how well do [q2o1answer] people understand the [q2o2answer] language?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DLC,5,Scalar,Very well,Well,Somewhat,Poorly,Very poorly,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T1,DLC31,,24. How much do [q2o1answer] children participate in the activities of the local community?,They participate a lot,"Children are part of the daily household and activities in the community.  They would not have participated in hunts until at least the age of 10, but their education began earlier.  People lived in longhouses with 20 or more people in some cases, and the households were multigenerational.",Anna Berge,DLC,5,Scalar,They practically always participate,They participate a lot,They participate somewhat,They participate a little,They practically never participate,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T6,DLC03,DLC03-1,"25. Looking after children in the local community. Typically, do adults other than the parents look after children up to five year of age in the local community?",Yes,cf. comments in other modules,Anna Berge,DLC,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T6,DLC03,DLC03-2,"25. Looking after children in the local community. Typically, do parents look after children up to five year of age in the local community?",Yes,[See above],Anna Berge,DLC,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T6,DLC03,DLC03-3,"25. Looking after children in the local community. Typically, do children from sibling-kin groups look after children up to five year of age in local community?",Yes,[See above],Anna Berge,DLC,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T6,DLC03,DLC03-4,"25. Looking after children in the local community. Typically, do children up to five year of age look after each other as part of the same peer group in the local community?",No,[See above],Anna Berge,DLC,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T11,DLC20,,"26. Typically in the local community, how much supervision do adults provide to children’s own activities, such as playing?",Some supervision,"Children up to the age of about 6 had a lot of freedom, but they were present in the community. After that age, they began their respective gender-differentiated training.",Anna Berge,DLC,5,Scalar,Constant supervision,A lot of supervision,Some supervision,Little supervision,No supervision at all,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T2,DLC21,,27. What language do [q2o2answer] adults typically speak to a [q2o1answer] children?,The [q2o1answer] language,"cf. comments in previous modules; briefly, it is not impossible that Eyak slaves spoke Eyak to very young children.",Anna Berge,DLC,5,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T4,DLC22,,"28. Typically, what language do [q2o1answer] children from four/five year of age prefer to speak with [q2o2answer] adults?",This is highly contextual,"My answer is hypothetical.  Presumably, they spoke Aleut to Eyak interlocutors, since they were being socialized to favor Aleut culture and language.  cf. also my answers in previous modules.",Anna Berge,DLC,5,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T5,DLC23,,"29. Typically, what language would a [q2o1answer] child speak to [q2o2answer] children in the local community?",This is highly contextual,"cf. my answers above and in other modules.  Again, this is hypothetical, but very young children likely were able to speak to Eyak children (these would have been either slaves or children born to slaves) in Eyak; but as the Aleut children grew, there would have been pressure to identify with Aleut culture and language, and communication would then have switched to Aleut.",Anna Berge,DLC,5,Types,[q2o1answer] children do not interact with [q2o2answer] children],The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,E1,DLC96,,"30. List any other groups that the [q2o1answer] formed local communities with in the past, in so far as you believe this had linguistic consequences for the [q2o1answer] language. Where possible, please also give an indication of when this happened.","post-800 BP, Alutiiq; loanwords from Aleut to Alutiiq and v.v.; some grammatical effects on Aleut but not much on Alutiiq
pre-1500 BP, Dena'ina; loanwords between the two language groups, grammatical effects on Aleut",NA,Anna Berge,DLC,5,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,E4,DLC97,,"31. What type of data informed your answers to the questions in the domain of local community, overall?",Published or ongoing research project of my own on topics covered in this questionnaire Published material by linguists Published materials by other researchers in other fields,NA,Anna Berge,DLC,5,TypesMultiple,Impressions from my own fieldwork with the exact or related community,Reports from language consultants,Published or ongoing research project of my own on topics covered in this questionnaire,Published material by linguists,Published materials by other researchers in other fields,Other,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,E5,DLC98,,32. How certain are you in your responses for the domain of local community?,Somewhat certain,NA,Anna Berge,DLC,5,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,E6,DLC99,,33. List any comments or notes that you feel are relevant to this section of the questionnaire.,,NA,Anna Berge,DLC,5,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,P1,DKN00,,1. Have [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people occupied the same spaces of knowledge transfer together?,No,"Absolutely unknown.  I have searched archaeological, ethnographic, ethnohistorical materials, and there are shared cultural components between the Aleut, Alutiiq, Dena'ina, Eyak, Tlingit, and more, all along the Pacific Coast.  But there is no record of formal knowledge transfer in mixed communities, especially in prehistory.  The Aleut had 'secret societies' around the whale hunt, as did the Alutiiq.  Some religious traditions seem to be shared between Aleut and Eyak, e.g. prayers to the Sun, not shared with Alutiiq as far as I know.  But this says nothing about formal transfer of knowledge between the Aleut and Eyak.",Anna Berge,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,P2,DKN0a,,2. How long have [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people been involved in the knowledge domain together for?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,P2N,DKN0aN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,P3,DKN0b,,3. What is the time frame when the largest number of people had the most opportunities for interaction in the knowledge domain?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,P3N,DKN0bN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,P4,DKN01,,"4. What other languages, if any, are spoken in the knowledge domain?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D1,DKN02,,5. The most influential form of knowledge in this contact scenario is:,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Types,Global,Local,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D4,DKN04,,6. The relationship between [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people in the knowledge domain can typically be characterised as:,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Types,"[q2o1answer] people are masters, [q2o2answer] are novices","[q2o2answer] people are masters, [q2o1answer] are novices",None of the above,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D6,DKN05,,7. Where does knowledge transmission between [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people typically take place?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Types,At places which belong to the [q2o1answer],At places which belong to the [q2o2answer],At places which belong to some other group,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D11,DKN28,,8. How much influence can the [q2o1answer] people exert over the decision of what constitutes legitimate knowledge in this domain?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Scalar,Influence is practically always exerted,Influence is very much exerted,Influence is somewhat exerted,Influence is exerted very little,Influence is practically never exerted,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D9,DKN06,,9. Are there any speech styles used in the knowledge domain?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D12,DKN31,,"10. How often are these speech styles typically used in knowledge transmission, in comparison with unmonitored speech?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Scalar,Always,Sometimes,As much as unmonitored speech,Rarely,Never,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DKN03,DKN03-1,"11. Involvement in the knowledge domain. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on hierarchies associated to profession or wealth, such as a person's class and caste?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DKN03,DKN03-2,"11. Involvement in the knowledge domain. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on whether a person belongs to some magico-religiously sanctioned group, such as religious denomination?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DKN03,DKN03-3,"11. Involvement in the knowledge domain. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on a person's descent group, such as clan, house, lineage group, kinship group?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DKN03,DKN03-4,"11. Involvement in the knowledge domain. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on a person’s group of land ownership, such as tribe, clan, territorial group?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DKN03,DKN03-5,"11. Involvement in the knowledge domain. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on a person’s race, ethnicity, or some other similar grouping?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DKN03,DKN03-6,11. Involvement in the knowledge domain. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on a person’s age or life stage?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DKN03,DKN03-7,11. Involvement in the knowledge domain. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on a person’s place identity and affiliation?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DKN03,DKN03-8,11. Involvement in the knowledge domain. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on a person’s sex or gender?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DKN03,DKN03-9,11. Involvement in the knowledge domain. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on any other communities of practice?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D10,DKN07,,12. Do [q2o1answer] people experience the knowledge domain differently depending on social group?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,S1,DKN08,,13. How often do [q2o1answer] people interact with [q2o2answer] people in the knowledge domain?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Scalar,Very often,Often,Sometimes,Rarely,Very rarely,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,S3,DKN10,,14. How many people are typically involved in interactions between [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people in the knowledge domain?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Scalar,Interactions are practically always under 5 people,Interactions are  often under 5 people,Interactions are sometimes under 5 people,Interactions are rarely under 5 people,Interactions are practically never under 5 people,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,S4,DKN11,,15. How physically proximate to each other are people in the knowledge domain?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Scalar,Very proximate to each other,Proximate to each other,Somewhat proximate to each other,Far from each other,Very far from each other,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,S5,DKN12,,16. How would you rate the overall relationship between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people in the knowledge domain?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Scalar,Friendly,Somewhat friendly,Neutral,Somewhat hostile,Hostile,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,S6,DKN29,,"17. What is the proportion of total [q2o1answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o2answer] people, in the knowledge domain?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,S7,DKN30,,"18. What is the proportion of total [q2o2answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o1answer] people, in the knowledge domain?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,BA,DKN13,,19. What is the overall attitude that [q2o1answer] people have towards [q2o2answer] people in the knowledge domain?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neutral,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,BH,DKN14,,"20. How do [q2o1answer] people view themselves overall in relation to [q2o2answer] people, in the context of the knowledge domain?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Scalar,[q2o1answer] see themselves as very superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as neither superior nor inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as very inferior to [q2o2answer],NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,BI,DKN16,,21. What language do [q2o1answer] people expect to be used with [q2o2answer] people in the knowledge domain?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,O1,DKN17,,22. What language do [q2o1answer] people typically speak with [q2o2answer] people when in the knowledge domain?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,O2,DKN18,,23. Do [q2o1answer] people typically simplify their language when speaking with [q2o2answer] people in the knowledge domain?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Types,Yes,No,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,O3,DKN19,,"24. Typically in the knowledge domain, how fluently do [q2o1answer] people speak the [q2o2answer] language?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Scalar,Very fluently,Fluently,Somewhat fluently,A little fluently,Not fluently at all,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,I1,DKN20,,25. What language do [q2o2answer] people typically speak with [q2o1answer] people in the knowledge domain?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,I2,DKN21,,"26. Typically in the knowledge domain, how well do [q2o1answer] people understand the [q2o2answer] language?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Scalar,Very well,Well,Somewhat,Poorly,Very poorly,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T1,DKN22,,27. How much do [q2o1answer] children participate in the activities of the knowledge domain?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Scalar,They practically always participate,They participate a lot,They participate somewhat,They participate a little,They practically never participate,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T6,DKN23,DKN23-1,"28. Looking after children in the knowledge domain. Typically, do adults other than the parents look after children up to five year of age in the knowledge domain?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T6,DKN23,DKN23-2,"28. Looking after children in the knowledge domain. Typically, do parents look after children up to five year of age in the knowledge domain?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T6,DKN23,DKN23-3,"28. Looking after children in the knowledge domain. Typically, do children from sibling-kin groups look after children up to five year of age in the knowledge domain?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T6,DKN23,DKN23-4,"28. Looking after children in the knowledge domain. Typically, do children up to five year of age look after each other as part of the same peer group in the knowledge domain?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T11,DKN27,,"29. Typically, how much structured instruction do adults provide to children in the knowledge domain?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Scalar,Constant structured supervision,A lot of structured supervision,Some structured supervision,Little structured supervision,Almost no structured supervision at all,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T2,DKN24,,30. What language do [q2o2answer] adults typically speak to a [q2o1answer] children in the knowledge domain?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T4,DKN25,,"31. Typically, what language do [q2o1answer] children from four/five year of age prefer to speak with [q2o2answer] adults?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T5,DKN26,,"32. Typically, what language would a [q2o1answer] child speak to [q2o2answer] children in the knowledge domain?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Types,[q2o1answer] children do not interact with [q2o2answer] children,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,E1,DKN96,,"33. List any other groups that the [q2o1answer] people intereacted with in the past, in the knowledge domain. List any other group in so far as you believe they had linguistic consequences for the [q2o1answer] language. Where possible, please also give an indication of when this interaction happened.",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,E4,DKN97,,"34. What type of data informed your answers to the questions in the domain of knowledge, overall?",NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,TypesMultiple,Impressions from my own fieldwork with the exact or related community,Reports from language consultants,Published or ongoing research project of my own on topics covered in this questionnaire,Published material by linguists,Published materials by other researchers in other fields,Other,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,E5,DKN98,,35. How certain are you in your responses for the domain of knowledge?,NA,NA,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,E6,DKN99,,36. List any comments or notes that you feel are relevant to this section of the questionnaire.,[See comment],,Anna Berge,DKN,4,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,P1,DTR00,,1. Has trade ever been a relevant domain of contact between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer]?,Yes,"This is hypothetical, given that the direct contact between the Aleut and the Eyak would have been over 1000 BP! But we know from ethnographic sources that trade was common among different groups on the Pacific Coast",Anna Berge,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,P2,DTR0a,,2. How long have [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people traded for?,"Trade between the Aleut and the Eyak likely occurred over an extended period, presumably over 1000 years, if the period of direct contact was prior to 1500 BP, and there was enough contact for shared linguistic features, and less direct trade continued after the arrival of the intervening Alutiiq Eskimos...",,Anna Berge,DTR,3,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,P2N,DTR0aN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",-1050-450,NA,Anna Berge,DTR,3,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,P3,DTR0b,,3. What is the time frame when the largest number of people had the most opportunities for interaction in trade?,"prior to 1500 BP, any time between 3000-1500 BP.",This is based on the archaeology.,Anna Berge,DTR,3,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,P3N,DTR0bN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",-1050-450,NA,Anna Berge,DTR,3,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,P4,DTR01,,"4. What other languages, if any, are spoken in trade?","Unknown; but other groups that were involved in trade included the Dena'ina and Tlingit, possibly also the Haida and Tsimshian.  Later, the trade networks also included the Alutiiq (post 800 BP). There was known trading between Kodiak Island and the area around Lake Iliamna prior to the arrival of the Alutiiq, hence between the Aleut and probably the Dena'ina",,Anna Berge,DTR,3,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D1,DTR02,DTR02-1,5. Traded good types. Do [q2o1answer] people trade raw materials and primary produce to [q2o2answer] people?,Yes,"Again, this is based on archaeology and largely hypothetical.",Anna Berge,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D1,DTR02,DTR02-2,5. Traded good types. Do [q2o1answer] people trade luxury items to [q2o2answer] people?,Yes,[See above],Anna Berge,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D1,DTR02,DTR02-3,5. Traded good types. Do [q2o1answer] people trade manufactured goods to [q2o2answer] people?,Yes,[See above],Anna Berge,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D1,DTR02,DTR02-4,5. Traded good types. Do [q2o2answer] people trade raw material and primary produce to [q2o1answer] people?,Yes,[See above],Anna Berge,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D1,DTR02,DTR02-5,5. Traded good types. Do [q2o2answer] people trade luxury items to [q2o1answer] people?,Yes,[See above],Anna Berge,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D1,DTR02,DTR02-6,5. Traded good types. Do [q2o2answer] people trade manufactured goods to [q2o1answer] people?,Yes,[See above],Anna Berge,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D4,DTR24,,"6. Typically when trading with [q2o2answer] people, the [q2o1answer] people will",This is contextual,Most trading was via the exchange of objects; but dentalium made its way up the coast from British Columbia; and amber was also used as a form of 'money',Anna Berge,DTR,3,Types,Use money,Exchange objects,This is contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D6,DTR06,,7. Where does trade between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people typically take place?,This is highly contextual,"Not sure this is the right response to pick, but formal trade happened through an intermediary (but a member of the respective groups) and was very formalized.",Anna Berge,DTR,3,Types,At places which belong to the [q2o1answer],At places which belong to the [q2o2answer],At places which belong to some other group,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D11,DTR17,,8. How much influence can the [q2o1answer] exert over the [q2o2answer] in terms of trade?,Influence is somewhat exerted,Not sure what to think of this question.,Anna Berge,DTR,3,Scalar,Influence is practically always exerted,Influence is very much exerted,Influence is somewhat exerted,Influence is exerted very little,Influence is practically never exerted,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D9,DTR28,,9. Are there any speech styles used in trade?,Yes,Hypothetical; I have no way of knowing.  But Veniaminov noted extreme social rules and polite forms of barter that must have affected speech styles,Anna Berge,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D12,DTR35,,"10. How often are these speech styles typically used in trade, in comparison with unmonitored speech?",Sometimes,"Hypothetical, I have no way of knowing.  cf. comments in #9",Anna Berge,DTR,3,Scalar,Always,Sometimes,As much as monitored speech,Rarely,Never,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DTR03,DTR03-1,"11. Involvement in trade. Does involvement in trade differ based on hierarchies associated to profession or wealth, such as a person's class or caste?",Yes,"Aleuts lived in family groups, but did not apparently have the moiety system of Pacific Northwest groups. It was not unheard of for young men to travel far to obtain rare trade items for their sweethearts at home, but there is no evidence of restrictions on who could trade among the males, although wealthy males had more opportunities to trade.  Also, orphans and dependents were not in a position to trade. Women could be traded, as could slaves.",Anna Berge,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DTR03,DTR03-2,"11. Involvement in trade. Does involvement in trade differ based on whether a person belongs to some magico-religiously sanctioned group, such as religious denomination?",No,[See above],Anna Berge,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DTR03,DTR03-3,"11. Involvement in trade. Does involvement in trade differ based on a person's descent group, such as clan, house, lineage group, kinship group?",No,[See above],Anna Berge,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DTR03,DTR03-4,"11. Involvement in trade. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on a person’s group of land ownership, such as tribe, clan, territorial group?",No,[See above],Anna Berge,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DTR03,DTR03-5,"11. Involvement in trade. Does involvement in trade differ based on a person’s race, ethnicity, or some other similar grouping?",No,[See above],Anna Berge,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DTR03,DTR03-6,11. Involvement in trade. Does involvement in trade differ based on a person’s age or life stage?,Yes,[See above],Anna Berge,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DTR03,DTR03-7,11. Involvement in trade. Does involvement in trade differ based on a person’s place identity and affiliation?,No,[See above],Anna Berge,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DTR03,DTR03-8,11. Involvement in trade. Does involvement in trade differ based on a person’s sex or gender?,Yes,[See above],Anna Berge,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D3,DTR03,DTR03-9,11. Involvement in trade. Does involvement in trade differ based on any other communities of practice?,No,[See above],Anna Berge,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,D10,DTR32,,12. Do [q2o1answer] people experience trade differently depending on social group?,Yes,"The wealthy nobles are more likely to travel and trade and control the trade than the commoners. Men trade, women are unlikely to trade, at least publically. [Answering focusing on the following social group/s:] The area of densest population and presumably contact would have been in the eastern part of Aleut habitation.  In prehistoric times, this would extend to Kodiak Island and the Kenai Peninsula, the current homelands of the Alutiiq people.
Noble Aleuts are most likely to have opportunities to travel and trade.
Young men are likely to take long trips to get rare trade items, enhancing their status",Anna Berge,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,S1,DTR14,,13. How often do [q2o1answer] people trade with [q2o2answer] people?,Often,Trade was a normal activity,Anna Berge,DTR,3,Scalar,Very often,Often,Sometimes,Rarely,Very rarely,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,S3,DTR22,,14. How many people are typically involved in interactions between [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people when trading?,Interactions are often under 5 people,"Very hypothetical, this is pure guesswork.  But unless it's a war party, most people going to trade are doing so in kayaks, with 1-2 people in them.  Ethnographic sources describe such trade encounters, and don't have much to say about huge 'markets' or gatherings for the purpose of trade.  This of course says nothing about prehistoric trading.",Anna Berge,DTR,3,Scalar,Interactions are practically always under 5 people,Interactions are often under 5 people,Interactions are sometimes under 5 people,Interactions are rarely under 5 people,Interactions are practically never under 5 people,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,S4,DTR36,,15. How physically proximate to each other are people involved in trade?,Very far from each other,"In prehistory, there was known trading between Kodiak (pre-Alutiiq, presumably Aleut) and Lake Iliamna, at least a day's travel if not more; and between lower and upper Kenai (potentially between prehistoric Aleut and Eyak), as well as between Kodiak and lower Kenai.  These were not considered unusual distances.  There was, of course, intercommunity trading between islands on the Aleutian Chain, which may or may not have involved the redistribution of slaves, but I consider that of less importance in language contact effects, because it would have been on a smaller scale, given the decreasing population going westward along the Chain.",Anna Berge,DTR,3,Scalar,Very proximate to each other,Proximate to each other,Somewhat proximate to each other,Far from each other,Very far from each other,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,S5,DTR23,,16. How would you rate the overall relationship between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people in trade?,Friendly,"Purely hypothetical; but Veniaminov (1840) notes that the Aleut considered the Dena'ina, Chugach, and Eyak to be 'relatives', and the Alutiiq to be enemies, despite the fact that the Alutiiq were their direct neighbors in historic times.",Anna Berge,DTR,3,Scalar,Friendly,Somewhat friendly,Neutral,Somewhat hostile,Hostile,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,S6,DTR33,,17. What is the proportion of total [q2o1answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o2answer] people in trade?,Few people,"The easternmost domain of the Aleut, also the center of the Aleut population, would have been adjacent to the Eyak in the time period we are focusing on.  There were far fewer Aleut in the western islands.  However, even in the period of most contact, neither the Eyak nor the Aleut appear to have lived in mixed communities, cf. Berge forthcoming.  The Aleut who would have had contact with Eyak through trade would have been predominantly free males.",Anna Berge,DTR,3,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,S7,DTR34,,18. What is the proportion of total [q2o2answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o1answer] people in trade?,Some people,"There appear never to have been many Eyak that we know of.  The Aleut had stories of mixed communities of Aleut-Dena'ina and Aleut-Eyak, whereby a few Aleut moved eastward and intermarried with these groups, but we don't have other evidence of that.  Proportionally, more Eyak would have had contact with Aleut than vice versa.",Anna Berge,DTR,3,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,BA,DTR16,,19. What is the overall attitude that [q2o1answer] people have towards [q2o2answer] people in trade?,Positive,"cf. Veniaminov's (1840) comments onPositive feelings toward Eyak, Dena'ina, and Chugach.",Anna Berge,DTR,3,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neutral,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,BH,DTR29,,"20. How do [q2o1answer] people view themselves overall in relation to [q2o2answer] people, within the context of trade?",[q2o1answer] see themselves as neither superior nor inferior to [q2o2answer],"Hard to say.  Hypothetical.  Each group tended to see itself as superior to other groups, but that feeling was documented more between enemies than between friendly groups.",Anna Berge,DTR,3,Scalar,[q2o1answer] see themselves as very superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as neither superior nor inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as very inferior to [q2o2answer],NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,BI,DTR08,,21. What language do [q2o1answer] people expect to be used when trading with [q2o2answer] people?,This is highly contextual,"Not known.  There were some trade languages in historic times (cf. Chinook Jargon), but we have no evidence from prehistoric times.  The Pacific Northwest Coast language area may be the result of extensive trading, as has been suggested by other linguists, or of extensive slavery, as I think probably must have happened.  The northernmost Pacific Northwest Coast has some hints of language area (Leer 1991).",Anna Berge,DTR,3,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,O1,DTR11,,22. What language do [q2o1answer] people typically speak when trading with [q2o2answer] people?,This is highly contextual,"Unknown, possibly a jargon?",Anna Berge,DTR,3,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,O2,DTR12,,23. Do [q2o1answer] people typically simplify their language when speaking with [q2o2answer] people during trade?,Yes,"Very probably; Aleut is a language that appears relatively open to change (à la Malcom Ross).  Ultimately, this is hypothetical.",Anna Berge,DTR,3,Types,Yes,No,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,O3,DTR13,,"24. Typically in trade, how fluently do [q2o1answer] people speak the [q2o2answer] language?",Somewhat fluently,"Unclear, I don't know how to answer this.",Anna Berge,DTR,3,Scalar,Very fluently,Fluently,Somewhat fluently,A little fluently,Not fluently at all,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,I1,DTR09,,25. What language do [q2o2answer] people typically speak when trading with the [q2o1answer]?,This is highly contextual,"Unclear, I don't know.",Anna Berge,DTR,3,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,I2,DTR10,,"26. Typically in trade, how well do [q2o1answer] people understand the [q2o2answer] language?",Somewhat,Unclear.  I could guess somewhat because of the level of slavery and the language contact effects.,Anna Berge,DTR,3,Scalar,Very well,Well,Somewhat,Poorly,Very poorly,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T1,DTR18,,27. How much do [q2o1answer] children participate in trade?,They participate a little,"Unclear, I haven't seen this documented.  But in the eastern Aleutians, multiple families lived in longhouses, and trade would have occurred in these longhouses (via an intermediary).",Anna Berge,DTR,3,Scalar,They practically always participate,They participate a lot,They participate somewhat,They participate a little,They practically never participate,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T6,DTR27,DTR27-1,"28. Looking after children during trade. Typically, do adults other than the parents look after children up to five year of age during trade?",Yes,"Adult women, both mothers and relatives, typically look after young children, and the women don't generally take an active role in trade.",Anna Berge,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T6,DTR27,DTR27-2,"28. Looking after children during trade. Typically, do parents look after children up to five year of age during trade?",Yes,[See above],Anna Berge,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T6,DTR27,DTR27-3,"28. Looking after children during trade. Typically, do children from sibling-kin groups look after children up to five year of age during trade?",Yes,[See above],Anna Berge,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T6,DTR27,DTR27-4,"28. Looking after children during trade. Typically, do children up to five year of age look after each other as part of the same peer group during trade?",No,[See above],Anna Berge,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T11,DTR31,,"29. Typically, how much supervision do adults provide to children in trade?",Some supervision,"I haven't seen this discussed in the literature, so this is hypothetical. But there is mention of trade happening in the houses, and no mention of people being isolated in trade.",Anna Berge,DTR,3,Scalar,Constant supervision,A lot of supervision,Some supervision,Little supervision,No supervision at all,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T2,DTR19,,30. What language do [q2o2answer] adults typically speak to a [q2o1answer] children in trade?,This is highly contextual,I'm not sure that Eyak adults would have spoken to Aleut children during trade.,Anna Berge,DTR,3,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T4,DTR20,,"31. Typically, what language do [q2o1answer] children from four/five year of age prefer to speak with [q2o2answer] adults?",The [q2o1answer] language,"Hypothetical, but children are more likely to have been in their home village during trade.",Anna Berge,DTR,3,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,T5,DTR37,,"32. Typically, what language would a [q2o1answer] child speak to [q2o2answer] children in trade?",This is highly contextual,"I'm not sure how to answer this.  In late prehistorical times, it is unlikely that the two different groups of children would have been around each other.  I'm not sure how it would have been in early prehistoric times.",Anna Berge,DTR,3,Types,[q2o1answer] children do not interact with [q2o2answer] children,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,E1,DTR96,,"33. List any other groups that the [q2o1answer] traded with in the past, in so far as you believe this had linguistic consequences for the [q2o1answer] language. Where possible, please also give an indication of when this happened.","Dena'ina (most intense contact prior to 1500 BP, contact of some sort continuing after that time):  loanwords, possible syntactic effects
Chugach (currently Alutiiq speakers, not clear if the group referred to as this was always Alutiiq)
Alutiiq (mostly after 800 BP)",NA,Anna Berge,DTR,3,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,E4,DTR97,,"34. What type of data informed your answers to the questions in the domain of trade, overall?",Published or ongoing research project of my own on topics covered in this questionnaire Published material by linguists Published materials by other researchers in other fields,NA,Anna Berge,DTR,3,TypesMultiple,Impressions from my own fieldwork with the exact or related community,Reports from language consultants,Published or ongoing research project of my own on topics covered in this questionnaire,Published material by linguists,Published materials by other researchers in other fields,Other,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,E5,DTR98,,35. How certain are you in your responses for the domain of trade?,Somewhat certain,NA,Anna Berge,DTR,3,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR
1.0.0,set33,set35c,E6,DTR99,,36. List any comments or notes that you feel are relevant to this section of the questionnaire.,"There is archaeological evidence of trade all along the Pacific Coast, from the Aleut to the Northwest Coast Indians.  There are also traditional stories of trade contacts with other groups.  Early sources (1700's, 1800's) point out that most trade was done between contiguous settlements, but that there were occasional long trips, e.g. for the Aleut, that meant as far as the Dena'ina, Chugach, and Eyak territories; and Veniaminov (1840) notes that the Aleut considered these groups more friendly than the immediate neighbors the Alutiiq Eskimos.  The Aleut had elaborate systems of and rules for trading.",NA,Anna Berge,DTR,3,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Berge,Aleut,Aleut,ale,aleu1260,Eyak,Eyak,eya,eyak1241,Aleut - Eyak,ale-eya,aleu1260-eyak1241,Alaska-Oregon,OR