Version,Set,Old_Set_ID,CID,QID,Sub-ID,Wording,Response,Comment,Respondent,Dom,DomOrder,DataType,Answer1,Answer2,Answer3,Answer4,Answer5,Answer6,Answer7,Answer8,Surname,[q2o1answer],FLang,F_ISO,F_Glottocode,[q2o2answer],NLang,N_ISO,N_Glottocode,ContactPair,ContactPair_ISO,ContactPair_Glottocode,AArea,Reviewer
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OT1,OT1,,1. How long have [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people been in contact overall?,"Yurok and Karuk people have been in contact for far longer than the approximately two centuries of documentation (up to the present). Estimates of Yurok arrival in Northwestern California vary, but it is possible that both groups' ancestors entered this area as early as 500 AD (Golla 2011). In any case, contact between these groups has occurred over multiple centuries.",,Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OT1N,OT1N,,"Coarse time range, numerical",1000-2020,NA,Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OT2,OT2,,2. What is the overall time frame when the largest number of people had the most opportunities for interaction?,1850-1950,"The time frame that provided the most opportunities for interaction would have occurred prior to European colonial contact. However, the histories of these groups prior to that time are not well documented. During the documented historical period, the time frame of greatest interaction probably occurred between 1850 and 1950.",Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OT2N,OT2N,,"Coarse time range, numerical",1850-1950,NA,Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OD1,OD1,,1. What is the total number of native-like speakers of [q2o1answer]?,"1,000-9,999 speakers","3000. Based on Pilling's (1978) conjecture that the estimate of 3,100 (Cook 1956) slightly exceeds the 1850 Yurok population.",Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Types,10-99 speakers,100-999 speakers,"1,000-9,999 speakers","10,000-99,999 speakers","100,000-999,999 speakers","1,000,000-9,999,999 speakers","10,000,000-99,999,999 speakers","100,000,000-999,999,999 speakers",Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OD3,OD3,,2. What is the total number of native-like speakers of [q2o2answer]?,"1,000-9,999 speakers",2700. Based on Cook's (1956) estimate for pre-colonial population,Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Types,10-99 speakers,100-999 speakers,"1,000-9,999 speakers","10,000-99,999 speakers","100,000-999,999 speakers","1,000,000-9,999,999 speakers","10,000,000-99,999,999 speakers","100,000,000-999,999,999 speakers",Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OD4,OD4,,3. What is the approximate proportion of native-like speakers in the total population of all speakers of [q2o1answer]?,High proportion,During the relevant time period the proportion would have been very high. In the contemporary period it is quite low.,Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Scalar,High proportion,Fairly high proportion,Intermediate proportion,Fairly low proportion,Low proportion,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OD5,OD5,,4. What is the approximate proportion of native-like speakers in the total population of all speakers of [q2o2answer]?,High proportion,During the relevant time period the proportion would have been very high. In the contemporary period it is quite low.,Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Scalar,High proportion,Fairly high proportion,Intermediate proportion,Fairly low proportion,Low proportion,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OG1,OG1,,5. What is the population density within the area where [q2o1answer] is spoken?,5–19 persons per 10 sq. km,Binford estimates population density at 1.31 people/km2,Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Types,Less than 2 persons per 10 sq. km,2–4 persons per 10 sq. km,5–19 persons per 10 sq. km,20–99 persons per 10 sq. km,100–399 persons per 10 sq. km,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OS7,OS7,,6. What is the mean size of the [q2o1answer] speaking communities at the local level?,Fewer than 50 persons,"Kroeber 1925, 17",Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Types,Fewer than 50 persons,From 50 to 99 persons,From 100 to 199 persons,From 200 to 399 persons,"From 400 to 1,000 persons","More than 1,000 persons in the absence of indigenous urban aggregations","One or more indigenous towns of more than 5,000 inhabitants but none of more than 50,000",NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OS9,OS9,,7. How frequently do [q2o1answer] people generally interact with out-group people? ,Frequently,"Between ceremonies, camping during summer resource gathering, visiting, trading, etc. frequency of contact with out -group people is relatively high.",Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Scalar,Very Frequently,Frequently,Neither frequently nor infrequently,Infrequently,Very infrequently,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OI1,OI1,OI1-1,"8. Is [q2o1answer] stated as an expression of identity of any of the following? Group centered around shared descent, such as clan, house, lineage group, kinship group",No,Language appears to be used less as an emblem of group identity in Northwestern California than in other parts of the world.,Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OI1,OI1,OI1-2,"8. Is [q2o1answer] stated as an expression of identity of any of the following? Race, ethnicity, or some other similar grouping",No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OI1,OI1,OI1-3,"8. Is [q2o1answer] stated as an expression of identity of any of the following? Micro-level (politico-)territorial group, including regional or areal groups, clans, bands, tribes",No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OI1,OI1,OI1-4,"8. Is [q2o1answer] stated as an expression of identity of any of the following? Macro-level (politico-)territorial group, such as nation, tribe, state",No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OI1,OI1,OI1-5,"8. Is [q2o1answer] stated as an expression of identity of any of the following? Formal or informal relationships between non-kin, such as alliances, sodality membership, ad-hoc relationships between families or individuals",No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OI3,OI3,,9. Is there a codified standard variety for [q2o1answer]?,No,"At the time of densest contact there was no codified form of Yurok. At the current time, an orthography, corpus of texts, dictionary, and grammatical descriptions are all in existence.",Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OI6,OI6,,"10. What are the [q2o1answer] speakers' attitudes towards linguistic transfers from [q2o2answer], such as lexical or grammatical borrowing?",B,"It is unclear what attitudes toward borrowing existed in the relevant time period. Interestingly, while functional convergence is found in many domains, lexical borrowings are relatively uncommon in Northwestern California. This may relate to attitudes toward borrowing.",Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neither positive nor negative,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OI7,OI7,,"11. What are the [q2o1answer] speakers' general attitudes towards linguistic transfer, such as lexical or grammatical borrowing, from any other language than [q2o2answer]?",B,"It is unclear what attitudes toward borrowing existed in the relevant time period. Interestingly, while functional convergence is found in many domains, lexical borrowings are relatively uncommon in Northwestern California. This may relate to attitudes toward borrowing.",Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neither positive nor negative,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OI9,OI9,,12. What are the [q2o1answer] speakers' attitudes towards lectal differences within [q2o1answer]?,Neither positive nor negative,"There is very little dialect differentiation within Yurok. Coast and River communities exhibited minor differences, and a small number of register differences have been documented. The available evidence suggests that at least some Yurok speakers were historically aware of differences within Yurok but that they had neither positive nor negative attitudes toward these differences.",Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neither positive nor negative,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OI8,OI8,,13. How significant is language as part of group identity for the speakers of [q2o1answer]?,Insignificant,"Language appears to have been, at best, an insignificant factor in group identity. Yurok speakers are described as not recognizing any national belonging based on language, and language plays a relatively small role in cultural patterns such as marriage.",Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Scalar,Very significant,Significant,Neither significant nor insignificant,Insignificant,Very insignificant,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OB1,OB1,,14. There is an emic conception of [q2o1answer] as “a language” or some other categorical or objective thing?,Yes,"This is difficult to evaluate, but while language appears to be relatively unimportant for identify formation, there does appear to be some conception of Yurok language as a categorical thing. For example, multilingualism was considered to be desirable in families of high social status. This suggests awareness of Yurok language and its categorical contrast with other neighboring languages.",Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,O10,O10,,[q2o1answer] peoples’ language loyalty towards [q2o1answer] can be characterised as:,B,"This is very difficult to evaluate based on the available information. While low importance of the language in establishing group identity may suggest relatively low loyalty, there is also linguistic evidence (e.g. relatively low levels of lexical borrowing in an area of relatively high multilingualism) that challenges the assumption that language loyalty was low.",Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Scalar,Very high,High,Neither low nor high,Low,Very low,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OL3,OL3,,15. Do the [q2o1answer] speaking people use some orthography in writing their language?,"No, the Focus Group language is not written",In the relevant time period no orthography was used to write the language. In the contemporary period a Latin script is used by some members of the community.,Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Types,"Yes, in a non-standardised way","Yes, in a standardised way","No, the Focus Group language is not written",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OL1,OL1,,16. What is the approximate rate of formal literacy in the [q2o1answer] speaking community?,Low,"In the relevant time period, literacy would have been low. In the contemporary era, literacy rates are unknown. Contemporary literacy is likely to be much higher for English than for Yurok.",Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Scalar,High,Fairly high,Intermediate,Fairly low,Low,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OL2,OL2,OL2-1,"17. Restrictions in access to literacy in terms of social categories. Is the ability to read and write restricted, in practice, to people of certain hierarchy groups associated with profession or wealth (such as class and caste)?",No,,Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OL2,OL2,OL2-2,"17. Restrictions in access to literacy in terms of social categories. Is the ability to read and write restricted, in practice, to people of certain magico-religiously sanctioned groups (such as religious denomination)?",No,,Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OL2,OL2,OL2-3,"17. Restrictions in access to literacy in terms of social categories. Is the ability to read and write restricted, in practice, to people of certain descent groups, such as clan, house, lineage group, kinship group)?",No,,Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OL2,OL2,OL2-4,"17. Restrictions in access to literacy in terms of social categories. Is the ability to read and write restricted, in practice, to people of certain races, ethnicities, or some other similar grouping?",No,,Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OL2,OL2,OL2-5,"17. Restrictions in access to literacy in terms of social categories. Is the ability to read and write restricted, in practice, to people of certain age cohorts or life stages?",No,,Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OL2,OL2,OL2-6,"17. Restrictions in access to literacy in terms of social categories. Is the ability to read and write restricted, in practice, to a certain sex or genders?",No,,Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OL2,OL2,OL2-7,"17. Restrictions in access to literacy in terms of social categories. Is the ability to read and write restricted, in practice, to other communities of practice not mentioned above?",No,,Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OS1,OS1,,"18. Typically, how many levels of jurisdictional hierarchy are there in the [q2o1answer] speaking society, beyond the local community?",No levels,,Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Scalar,Four levels,Three levels,Two levels,One level,No levels,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OS2,OS2,,"19. Typically, how many levels of jurisdictional hierarchy are there in [q2o2answer] society, beyond the local community?",No levels,,Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Scalar,Four levels,Three levels,Two levels,One level,No levels,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OS4,OS4,,"20. Which of the following best characterises the dominant form of the [q2o1answer] speaking group's mobility and sedentism, in regards to subsistence?",Sedentary,"Yurok were more sedentary than mobile, though some seasonal camping at resource gathering locations has been documented.",Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Types,Sedentary,Mobile,Mixed,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OS5,OS5,,"21. Which of the following best characterises the dominant form of the [q2o2answer] speaking group's mobility and sedentism, in regards to subsistence?",Sedentary,Mobility patterns in Karuk speaking groups in the relevant time period was very similar to Yurok groups.,Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Types,Sedentary,Mobile,Mixed,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OS6,OS6,,22. The [q2o1answer] speaking society's subsistence pattern can be broadly characterised as... ,Fishing,"The subsistence economy of the Yurok was mixed, with fishing (e.g. salmon) making up the majority of the diet, gathering (e.g. acorns) making up a smaller percentage of the diet, and hunting (e.g. deer) making up an even smaller proportion of the diet.",Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Types,Hunter-gatherer,Fishing,Animal Husbadry,"Agricultural, casual","Agricultural, shifting","Agricultural, permanent",Highly Mixed,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OH1,OH1,,"23. Have there been any natural disasters or major societal upheaval during the densest period of contact between the [q2o1answer] speaking and [q2o2answer] speaking people, such it impacted people's mobility, and [q2o1answer] speaking people talk about it?",Yes,"European-American intrusion into Yurok and Karuk lands was a significant disruption to lives and language contact. For example, the separation of children from families during the mission and boarding school eras (which overlap with the densest period of documented contact) disrupted language transmission within communities and certainly had knock-on effects on contact between these languages. Conflict with intruding settlers also disrupted life and language contact patterns. These events are documented in scholarly literature and are still talked about by Yurok speaking people.",Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OE1,OE1,,24. How long time have you spent working with this community?,I have not worked directly with Yurok or Karuk communities.,NA,Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OE2,OE2,,25. Whom did you mostly interact with during your stay and through community-based research?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OE3,OE3,,26. Was your interaction with members of the community typically mediated by one/a few person(s)? Who were they?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OC1,OC1,,27. How certain are you in your responses to the set of questions about each domain?,Somewhat certain,"For those questions that I was able to answer, I am moderately certain. In many cases insufficient evidence exists to answer questions.",Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OC2,OC2,,28. How certain are you in your responses to the set of questions about social networks (The S-Set of questions)?,Somewhat certain,"The S set includes many questions whose answers would seem to be highly variable across the historical Yurok and Karuk speaking communities. Because of this variability in circumstances and interactions, it was very difficult to arrive at a single answer for many of these questions. Where I was able to answer I am somewhat certain.",Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OC3,OC3,,29. How certain are you in your responses to the set of questions about attitudes and ideologies (The B-Set of questions)?,Somewhat certain,"Where these questions were answerable based on the available information I am somewhat certain about the answers. Unfortunately, attitudes and ideologies are difficult to recover for historical situations, so in many cases it was not possible to answer these questions.",Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OC4,OC4,,30. How certain are you in your responses to the set of questions about language production (The O-Set of questions)?,Uncertain,"The O set includes questions that cover highly context-dependent situations. In many cases it is difficult to arrive at a single answer, as the variation in multilingualism and individuals' fluency and the variety of contexts in which language contact was known to occur lead to a variety of language use outcomes.",Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OC5,OC5,,31. How certain are you in your responses to the set of questions about the languages spoken to the [q2o1answer] people (The I-Set of questions)?,Uncertain,"As with the O set, the I set includes questions that cover highly context-dependent situations. In many cases it is difficult to arrive at a single answer, as the variation in multilingualism and individuals' fluency and the variety of contexts in which language contact was known to occur lead to a variety of language use outcomes.",Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,OC6,OC6,,32. How certain are you in your responses to the set of questions about children (The T-Set of questions)?,Very uncertain,"The lives of children in these communities are not well described in existing sources. This likely reflects the historical removal of children from family homes during the mission and boarding school eras, which overlap significantly with the era of densest documentation. These traumatic historical events may have not only interfered with outside observations of children's lives, but also made community members understandably reluctant to discuss children with European-Americans like the scholars who have written about these communities.",Hannah Haynie,OV,6,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,P1,DEM00,,1. Has exchange ever been a relevant domain of contact between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer]?,No,"Transactional exchanges (i.e. trades, purchases, penalties) have historically been common between Yurok and Karuk individuals, but documentation of these ethnolinguistic groups does not describe any ceremonial exchanges between communities or gift giving traditions that serve primarily to establish social relationships between groups.",Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,P2,DEM0a,,3. How long have [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people practised exchange for? ,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,P2N,DEM0aN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,P3,DEM0b,,4. What is the time frame when the largest number of people had the most opportunities for interaction in exchange?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,P3,DEM0bN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,P4,DEM01,,"5. What other languages, if any, are spoken in this domain?",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D1,DEM02,DEM02-1,6. Characteristic of the domain of Exchange. Is Exchange between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] the individual’s initiative?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D1,DEM02,DEM02-2,6. Characteristic of the domain of Exchange. Is Exchange between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] an institutionalised procedure?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D1,DEM02,DEM02-3,6. Characteristic of the domain of Exchange. Is Exchange between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] part of a ceremonial event to which both communities participate?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D6,DEM04,,7. Where does exchange between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people typically take place?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Types,At places which belong to the [q2o1answer],At places which belong to the [q2o2answer],At places which belong to some other group,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D11,DEM19,,8. How much influence can the [q2o1answer] exert over exchange?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Scalar,Influence is practically always exerted,Influence is very much exerted,Influence is somewhat exerted,Influence is exerted very little,Influence is practically never exerted,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D9,DEM38,,9. Are there any speech styles used during practices of exchange?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D12,DEM45,,"10. How often are these speech styles typically used during practices of exchange, in comparison with unmonitored speech?",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Scalar,Always,Sometimes,As much as unmonitored speech,Rarely,Never,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DEM03,DEM03-1,"11. Social categories. Does involvement in Exchange practices differ based on hierarchies associated to profession or wealth, such as a person's class or caste?",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DEM03,DEM03-2,"11. Social categories. Does involvement in Exchange practices differ based on whether a person belongs to some magico-religiously sanctioned group, such as religious denomination?",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DEM03,DEM03-3,"11. Social categories. Does involvement in Exchange practices differ based on a person's descent group, such as clan, house, lineage group, kinship group?",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DEM03,DEM03-4,"11. Social categories. Does involvement in Exchange practices differ based on a person’s group of land ownership, such as tribe, clan, territorial group?",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DEM03,DEM03-5,"11. Social categories. Does involvement in Exchange practices differ based on a person’s race, ethnicity, or some other similar grouping?",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DEM03,DEM03-6,11. Social categories. Does involvement in Exchange practices differ based on a person’s age or life stage?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DEM03,DEM03-7,11. Social categories. Does involvement in Exchange practices differ based on a person’s place identity and affiliation?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DEM03,DEM03-8,11. Social categories. Does involvement in Exchange practices differ based on a person’s sex or gender?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DEM03,DEM03-9,11. Social categories. Does involvement in Exchange practices differ based on any other communities of practice?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D10,DEM41,,12. Do [q2o1answer] people experience exchange differently depending on social group?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,S1,DEM08,,13. How often do [q2o1answer] people exchange with [q2o2answer] people?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Scalar,Very often,Often,Sometimes,Rarely,Very rarely,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,S3,DEM11,,14. How many people are typically involved in interactions between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] in the context of exchange?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Scalar,Interactions are practically always under 5 people,Interactions are often under 5 people,Interactions are sometimes under 5 people,Interactions are rarely under 5 people,Interactions are practically never under 5 people,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,S5,DEM10,,15. How would you rate the overall relationship between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people in the domain of exchange?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Scalar,Friendly,Somewhat friendly,Neutral,Somewhat hostile,Hostile,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,S6,DEM40,,16. What is the proportion of total [q2o1answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o2answer] people in the context of exchange?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,S7,DEM44,,17. What is the proportion of total [q2o2answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o1answer] people in the context of exchange?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,BA,DEM17,,18. What is the overall attitude that [q2o1answer] people have towards [q2o2answer] people in the context of exchange?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neutral,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,BH,DEM18,,19. How do [q2o1answer] people view themselves overall in relation to [q2o2answer] people in the context of exchange?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Scalar,[q2o1answer] see themselves as very superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as neither superior nor inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as very inferior to [q2o2answer],NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,BI,DEM05,,20. What language do [q2o1answer] people expect to be used when interacting with [q2o2answer] people through practices of exchange?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,O1,DEM14,,21. What language do [q2o1answer] people typically speak during practices of exchange with [q2o2answer] people?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,O2,DEM15,,22. Do [q2o1answer] people typically simplify their [q2o1answer] language when speaking with [q2o2answer] people during practices of Exchange?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Types,Yes,No,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,O3,DEM16,,"23. Typically in the context of exchange practices, how fluently to [q2o1answer] people speak the [q2o2answer] language?",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Scalar,Very fluently,Fluently,Somewhat fluently,A little fluently,Not fluently at all,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,I1,DEM12,,24. What language do [q2o2answer] people typically speak to [q2o1answer] people during practices of exchange?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,I2,DEM13,,"25. Typically in contexts of exchange practices, how well do [q2o1answer] people understand the [q2o2answer] language?",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Types,Very well,Well,Somewhat,Poorly,Very poorly,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T1,DEM06,,26. How much do [q2o1answer] children participate in practices of exchange?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Scalar,They practically always participate,They participate a lot,They participate somewhat,They participate a little,They practically never participate,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T6,DEM39,DEM39-1,"27. Child socialisation. Typically during practices of exchange, do adults other than the parents look after children up to five year of age?",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T6,DEM39,DEM39-2,"27. Child socialisation. Typically during practices of exchange, do parents look after children up to five year of age?",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T6,DEM39,DEM39-3,"27. Child socialisation. Typically during practices of exchange, do children from sibling-kin groups look after children up to five year of age?",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T6,DEM39,DEM39-4,"27. Child socialisation. Typically during practices of exchange, do children up to five year of age look after each other as part of the same peer group?",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T11,DEM20,,"28. Typically, how much supervision do adults provide to children during practices of exchange?",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Scalar,Constant supervision,A lot of supervision,Some supervision,Little supervision,No supervision at all,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T2,DEM21,,29. What language do [q2o2answer] adults typically speak to [q2o1answer] children during practices of exchange?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T4,DEM22,,"30. Typically, what language do [q2o1answer] children prefer to speak with [q2o2answer] adults in the context of exchange?",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T5,DEM25,,"31. Typically, what language do [q2o1answer] children speak to [q2o2answer] children during practices of exchange?",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Types,There are no [q2o2answer] children in the domain of exchange,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D1,DEM26,DEM26-1,"32. Marrying out: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody outside their village or other kind of local community?",No,"Marriage outside of the village was common, especially in smaller villages, but not required. Kroeber (1925) describes this not as a norm of exogamy, but as a consequence of avoiding marriage to known blood relatives (though kinship relationships created by marriage were not subject to the same avoidance for marriage).",Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D1,DEM26,DEM26-2,"32. Marrying out: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody outside their descent group or clan?",No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D1,DEM26,DEM26-3,"32. Marrying out: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody outside their designated marriage group such as a moiety?",No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D1,DEM26,DEM26-4,"32. Marrying out: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody outside their hierarchical social group such as class or caste?",No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D1,DEM26,DEM26-5,"32. Marrying out: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody outside their linguistic group?",No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D1,DEM27,DEM27-1,"33. Marrying within: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody from the same village or other kind of local community?",No,"The payment of bride prices and the existence of both full-marriage and half-marriage arrangements may have influenced marriage norms, especially with regard to the socioeconomic status of husband and bride, but there are no formalized ideals of endogamy.",Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D1,DEM27,DEM27-2,"33. Marrying within: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody from the same descent group or clan?",No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D1,DEM27,DEM27-3,"33. Marrying within: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody from the same designated marriage group such as a moiety?",No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D1,DEM27,DEM27-4,"33. Marrying within: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody from the same hierarchical social group such as class or caste?",No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D1,DEM27,DEM27-5,"33. Marrying within: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody from the same linguistic group?",No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D1,DEM28,DEM28-1,34. Polygyny. Is polygyny possible for [q2o1answer] men?,No,"Monogamy was typical at the time of European contact in both Yurok and Karuk speaking communities. When a woman died before bearing multiple children the family of the wife would provide another woman (e.g. a sister of the deceased) to marry the widower or repay the bride price. These customs led to sequential marriages, not simultaneous marriages. Extramarital relationships were not considered acceptable, and compensation to a woman's family was owed depending on the circumstances of the extramarital relationship. Kroeber (1925, 32) provides an account of a Karuk woman whose grandfather had wives in five different locations, including among Yurok, Hupa, and Shasta settlements through half-marriage (a marriage arrangement where the wife and her children remained with the wife's family). Kroeber speculates that this resulted from a wealthy man using partial bride prices to legitimize relationships and offspring after his romantic partners became pregnant, rather than a customary form of pre-arranged marriage. There is no indication that this sort of polygyny was customary or common among Yurok or Karuk speakers.",Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D1,DEM28,DEM28-2,34. Polygyny. Is polygyny possible for [q2o2answer] men?,No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D1,DEM28,DEM28-3,34. Polygyny. Is polygyny possible for men from all societal strata?,No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D1,DEM29,DEM29-1,35. Polyandry. Is polyandry possible for [q2o1answer] women?,No,"Monogamy is the customary marriage pattern in both Yurok and Karuk speaking communities. When a man died his widow remained in his family, often marrying a brother of her deceased husband for a reduced bride price. These customs led to sequential marriages, not simultaneous marriages. Extramarital relationships were not considered acceptable, and a fine was traditionally owed to the husband for a wife's infidelity.",Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D1,DEM29,DEM29-2,35. Polyandry. Is polyandry possible for [q2o2answer] women?,No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D1,DEM29,DEM29-3,"35. Polyandry. If possible, is polyandry of fraternal type?",No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D1,DEM29,DEM29-4,"35. Polyandry. If possible, is polyandry of non-fraternal type?",No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D1,DEM37,DEM37-1,36. What type of marriage payments and transfers are expected when [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] marry? Bride wealth,Yes,"Bride wealth was obligatory for marriages in the relevant time period. Two of the groom's kin would negotiate a bride price with the father of the bride. Dowry was also common, but was less formally negotiated and depended on the wealth of the bride's family. Both bride wealth and dowry were returned to the respective families in the event of a divorce. Yurok and Karuk communities both practiced ""full marriage"", in which a full bride price was paid, and ""half marriage"", in which some lesser bride price was negotiated, with the balance of the bride's worth compensated to her father in the form of service. Men in ""half marriage"" were able to marry even without having sufficient wealth or family contributions to their bride wealth, but resided in the household of the bride's father for some years while providing service to him. Family prestige in Yurok and Karuk communities was linked to the bride wealth paid for wives.",Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D1,DEM37,DEM37-2,36. What type of marriage payments and transfers are expected when [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] marry? Dowry,Yes,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D1,DEM37,DEM37-3,36. What type of marriage payments and transfers are expected when [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] marry? Other,Yes,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DEM31,DEM31-1,37. Intermarriage. Is it typical for [q2o1answer] men to marry [q2o2answer] women?,Yes,"Linguistically exogamous marriage was less common than marriage within the same language speaker community, but was not infrequent. Waterman and Kroeber (1934) show evidence of both Yurok men marrying Karuk women and Karuk men marrying Yurok women. Each of these exogamy patterns made up a minority of the marriages of Yurok people they documented (8 of 413 total marriages in each case). Kroeber (1925) described language as largely irrelevant to the choice of marriage partner, neither a significant deterrent nor an enticement.",Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DEM31,DEM31-2,37. Intermarriage. Is it typical for [q2o1answer] women to marry [q2o2answer] men?,Yes,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D6,DEM32,,38. Where do marriage ceremonies between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] take place?,B,Yurok and Karuk marriage ceremonies are not well documented.,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Types,At places which belong to the [q2o1answer],At places which belong to the [q2o2answer],At places which belong to some other group,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,S5,DEM34,,39. How would you rate the overall relationship between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people in practices of marriage exchanges?,Somewhat friendly,"It is somewhat difficult to evaluate how friendly the relationships between Yurok and Karuk people traditionally were in the context of marriage exchanges. On the one hand, marriages between speakers of these two languages seem to reflect at least the groom's desire to interact with the bride (very little information exists about brides' perspectives on marriage). On the other hand, marriages involved a significant economic transaction and bride price was a significant factor in a family's social status, which may have created incentives other than personal enjoyment for some marriages. Because marriage exchanges between Yurok and Karuk people were neither required through exogamy, nor discouraged for social reasons, nor driven by specific subsistence needs or power imbalances, it is likely that these marriages were largely driven by the desire of individuals to spend time with one another and were thus somewhat friendly.",Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Scalar,Friendly,Somewhat friendly,Neutral,Somewhat hostile,Hostile,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,S6,DEM42,,40. What is the proportion of total [q2o1answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o2answer] people in the context of marriage exchanges?,Practically no one,"Waterman and Kroeber (1934) counted 16 of the 413 Yurok marriages they surveyed as involving either a Karuk bride or a Karuk groom. This is just under 4%. This sample may not be entirely representative, but it is unlikely that the actual proportion of Yurok families in contact with Karuk through marriage is more than double this percentage. Exogamous marriage in general seems to make up a relatively small proportion of Yurok marriages (56 of 413 in Waterman and Kroeber's sample, or about 14%), likely due to the impact of geographic proximity on marital choices. Waterman and Kroeber report that a majority of the marriages involving Yurok men and non-Yurok women are full marriages in which the bride relocated to the groom's community, while almost half of the marriages between Yurok women and non-Yurok men were ""half marriages"" in which the women remained living with their families. This suggests that non-Yurok speakers such as Karuk spouses were more likely to spend time in Yurok communities than Yurok speakers were to spend time in non-Yurok communities as a result of marriages.",Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,S7,DEM43,,41. What is the proportion of total [q2o2answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o1answer] people in the context of marriage exchanges? ,Practically no one,"Based on the reports of marriages between Yurok and Karuk people reported in Waterman and Kroeber (1934), the proportion of Karuk people who were in contact with Yurok people through marriage can be inferred to be relatively small, and certainly less than a third of the population. Waterman and Kroeber report that a majority of the marriages involving Yurok men and non-Yurok women are full marriages in which the bride relocated to the groom's community, while almost half of the marriages between Yurok women and non-Yurok men were ""half marriages"" in which the women remained living in Yurok communities with their families. This would suggest that when marriages did take place between Yurok and Karuk people, those marriages were more likely to result in Karuk individuals spending time in Yurok communities than Yurok individuals spending time in Karuk communities. This may have impacted the dynamics of language contact between Yurok and Karuk. Less information is available about Karuk marriage patterns overall than for Yurok, however.",Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,BA,DEM35,,42. What is the overall attitude that [q2o1answer] people have towards [q2o2answer] people in practices of marriage exchanges?,Neutral,"All available evidence suggests that while Yurok and Karuk are unrelated languages, speakers of Yurok and Karuk did not base their identities or group membership around ethnolinguistic similarities and differences. While speaking different languages was likely somewhat of a barrier to marriage, according to Waterman and Kroeber (1934), marriage patterns reflect geographic proximity of settlements more than linguistic groups. From this it can be inferred that Yurok attitudes toward marriage exchanges with Karuk people were neither particularly positive nor particularly negative.",Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neutral,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,BH,DEM36,,"43. How do [q2o1answer] people view themselves overall in relation to [q2o2answer] people, within the context of marriage?",[q2o1answer] see themselves as neither superior nor inferior to [q2o2answer],"There is no evidence that Yurok people viewed marriages with other Yurok people as more prestigious or otherwise superior to marriages with Karuk people. The social status of a family was driven primarily by the bride wealth paid for a wife, not the language spoken by either spouse.",Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Scalar,[q2o1answer] see themselves as very superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as neither superior nor inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as very inferior to [q2o2answer],NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,BI,DEM33,,44. What language do [q2o1answer] people expect to be used in marriage ceremonies with [q2o2answer] people?,B,Insufficient information is available about Yurok and Karuk marriage ceremonies to answer this question.,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T6,DEM30,DEM30-1,45. Does marriage impose any child rearing obligations for both parents and grandparents on both sides?,B,"Very little information on traditional Yurok or Karuk child-rearing practices is available. The evidence that does exist suggests that mothers play a primary role in child rearing, but that adult male family members have an interest in and responsibility for a child's well-being. Which side of the family has the primary interest in the child depends on whether the parents have a ""full marriage"" (i.e. a patrilocal, patrilineal marriage) or ""half marriage"" (i.e. a matrilocal, matrilineal marriage).",Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T6,DEM30,DEM30-2,"45. Does marriage impose any child rearing obligations for one parent, and grandparents on both sides?",B,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T6,DEM30,DEM30-3,"45. Does marriage impose any child rearing obligations for one parent, and grandparents on that side?",B,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T6,DEM30,DEM30-4,"45. Does marriage impose any child rearing obligations for one parent, and grandparents from the other side?",B,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,E1,DEM96,,"46. List any other groups that the [q2o1answer] practiced Social Exchange with in the past, in so far as you believe this had linguistic consequences for the [q2o1answer] language. Where possible, please also give an indication of when this contact through Social Exchange practices happened. ",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,E4,DEM97,,47. What type of data informed your answers to the questions in the domain of social exchange overall? ,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,TypesMultiple,Impressions from my own fieldwork with the exact or related community,Reports from language consultants,Published or ongoing research project of my own on topics covered in this questionnaire,Published material by linguists,Published materials by other researchers in other fields,Other,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,E5,DEM98,,48. How certain are you in your responses for the domain of social exchange?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,E6,DEM99,,49. List any comments or notes that you feel are relevant to this section of the questionnaire.,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DEM,2,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,P1,DFK00,,"2. Do [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry each other, or have they done so in the past?",Yes,"Waterman and Kroeber (1934) state that Yurok people historically avoided marriages to ""known blood kin"" but that even though there was no cultural norm of exogamy, marriages often brought together individuals from nearby towns or adjacent districts and language was less a barrier to marriage than distance.",Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,P2,DFK0a,,2. How long have [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] peoples been forming families with each other for?,"Very little temporal information is available about contact between Yurok and Karuk speakers. Yurok and Karuk intermarriage is described in the second half of the 19th century, but presumably occurred prior to that as well.",,Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,P2N,DFK0aN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",1000-2020,NA,Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,P3,DFK0b,,3. What’s the time frame of densest contact between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] as far as family formation is concerned?,Yurok and Karuk intermarriage is best documented in a time frame that extends from approximately 1850 to 1909.,,Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,P3N,DFK0bN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",1850-1909,NA,Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,P4,DFK01,,"4. What other languages, if any, are spoken between family members?","In most instances the languages spoken in a family would depend on the languages spoken by individual family members and the location of family residence. There is no regional lingua franca that is spoken in the Klamath River area that would have been used in general among Yurok and Karuk family members. Personal histories of individual Yurok and Karuk speakers show that some individuals spoke other languages (e.g. Wiyot, Hupa, Shasta, Tolowa), but whether these were used among family members appears to depend on individual circumstances.",,Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D6,DFK35,,5. What is the typical pattern of relocation for [q2o1answer] women when starting a new family?,[q2o1answer] women sometimes relocate to [q2o2answer] locations,"Waterman and Kroeber (1934) show that while ""full marriage"" (with patrilocal post-marital residence) was more common for Yurok speakers in general than ""half marriage"" (with matrilocal post-marital residence), an asymmetry existed for Yurok men and women married to speakers of other languages. While Yurok men were more likely to have ""full marriages"" to non-Yurok women, Yurok women married to non-Yurok men were nearly equally likely to be in ""half marriages"" (matrilocal) or ""full marriages"" (patrilocal).",Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Scalar,[q2o1answer] women practically always relocate to [q2o2answer] locations,[q2o1answer] women often relocate to [q2o2answer] locations,[q2o1answer] women sometimes relocate to [q2o2answer] locations,[q2o1answer] women rarely relocate to [q2o2answer] locations,[q2o1answer] women practically never relocate to [q2o2answer] locations,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D6,DFK39,,6. What is the typical pattern of relocation for [q2o2answer] women when starting a new family? ,[q2o2answer] women often relocate to [q2o1answer] locations,"Patrilocal post-marital residence is more common for both Yurok and Karuk families in general. Waterman and Kroeber (1934) report that only 2 of 34 marriages surveyed between Yurok men and non-Yurok women involved matrilocal residence (""half marriage""). It is unclear whether these two ""half marriages"" overlap with the eight marriages between Yurok men and Karuk women counted by Waterman and Kroeber, but even if both of these ""half marriages"" involved Karuk women, a majority (75%) of Karuk wives in their survey would have relocated to Yurok areas. It should be noted that this source's focus on Yurok genealogies may result in an undercount of Yurok men who engaged in ""half marriage"" with Karuk women. There is no evidence to suggest that Karuk women were especially likely to enter into ""half marriage"" with Yurok men, however, and thus the best information suggests that relocation of Karuk wives to Yurok locations was common.",Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Scalar,[q2o2answer] women practically always relocate to [q2o1answer] locations,[q2o2answer] women often relocate to [q2o1answer] locations,[q2o2answer] women sometimes relocate to [q2o1answer] locations,[q2o2answer] women rarely relocate to [q2o1answer] locations,[q2o2answer] women practically never relocate to [q2o1answer] locations,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D1,DFK02,DFK02-1,7. Do mothers form a co-residential unit with their children and their husbands?,No,"In a typical ""full marriage"" the mother inhabits the ""family house"" along with women from a patrilineal descent group (i.e. her husband's mother and female relatives), young children, and girls of the family. Most adult and post-pubescent male relatives slept and engaged in other activities in a nearby sweathouse. In the less common ""half marriage"", a mother would reside with her own family (i.e. in many cases with her mother) as well as small children and girls in her parents' line of descent.",Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D1,DFK02,DFK02-2,7. Do mothers form a co-residential unit with their children and their mothers?,No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D1,DFK02,DFK02-3,7. Do mothers form a co-residential unit with their children and their mother in laws?,Yes,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D10,DFK40,,8. Do [q2o1answer] people experience family life differently depending on social group?,Yes,"Marriage of Yurok men and women to Karuk partners appears to be approximately equally frequent based on the marriage survey of Waterman and Kroeber (1934). However, the experience of family life by women and men would have differed based on the activities and arrangements in the family houses and sweat houses in which women and men, respectively, spent more time. Wealth differences existed and were socially important in Yurok and Karuk communities, but no formal class stratification or circumstantial differences between levels of wealth would have significantly impacted the experience of family life or language contact. [Responding focusing on the following social group/s:] Karuk women who ""married in"" to Yurok families.",Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,S1,DFK03,,"9. Typically, how much of their lives do spouses spend with each other during the course of their lifetime?",Much of their lives,"Little information is available regarding the typical age of marriage. Reference to bridewealth exchanged for ""girls"" and discussion by Kroeber (1925) of betrothal of young girls as a way for families to resolve debts, with marriage delayed until she reached puberty, suggests that women tended to marry shortly after puberty.",Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Scalar,Practically all their lives,Much of their lives,Some of their lives,A little of their lives,Practically none of their lives,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,S4,DFK37,,10. How physically proximate to each other are the households of the husband and wife?,Proximate to each other,"Husbands and wives slept in separate dwellings (""sweat house"" and ""family house"", respectively) within the same residential area. Husbands did spend time in the ""family house"", though women were prohibited from visiting the sweat house.",Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Scalar,Very proximate to each other,Proximate to each other,Somewhat proximate to each other,Far from each other,Very far from each other,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,BA,DFK16,,11. What is the overall level of affection that the [q2o1answer] person has towards their [q2o2answer] spouse?,Affectionate,"Yurok and Karuk men were free to choose who to marry, and marriages between Yurok and Karuk spouses presumably reflected affection by at least one party. Little information is available regarding the attitudes of women toward marriage and marriage partners, so it is possible that levels of affection were in some instances asymmetrical between spouses.",Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Scalar,Very affectionate,Affectionate,Neutral,Unaffectionate,Very unaffectionate,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,O1,DFK06,,12. What language do [q2o1answer] people typically speak with their [q2o2answer] spouse?,This is highly contextual,"Languages spoken between spouses likely depended on multiple factors, including the location of post-marital residence and any multilingualism that a partner may have acquired before marriage.",Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,O2,DFK07,,13. Do [q2o1answer] people typically simplify their [q2o1answer] language when speaking with their [q2o2answer] spouse?,B,There is very little information available about speech between marriage partners.,Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Types,Yes,No,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,O3,DFK08,,"14. Typically in the domain of family, how fluently to [q2o1answer] people speak the [q2o2answer] language?",B,"Karuk language fluency of Yurok family members would seem to be highly variable based on the individual accounts of multilingualism in Northwestern California collected by Conathan (2004). Pilling (1978) describes a level of Yurok and Karuk bilingualism in boundary towns like Wechpus (Weitchpec) that likely allowed Yurok people from that area to speak fairly fluently with Karuk spouses or family members. It is likely that Yurok spouses from farther downriver (i.e. farther from Karuk towns) had less Karuk fluency, and the development of fluency in such families may have depended on factors like post-marital residence.",Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Scalar,Very fluently,Fluently,Somewhat fluently,A little fluently,Not fluently at all,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,I1,DFK09,,15. What language do [q2o2answer] people typically speak with their [q2o1answer] spouse?,This is highly contextual,"Languages spoken between spouses likely depended on multiple factors, including the location of post-marital residence and any multilingualism that a partner may have acquired before marriage.",Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,I2,DFK10,,"16. Typically in the domain of family, how well do [q2o1answer] people understand the [q2o2answer] language?",B,"This appears to be highly variable. In regions near to Karuk towns, Yurok people may have typically understood the Karuk language reasonably well. It is not likely that Karuk language would be well understood in Yurok communities farther downriver. Over time and depending on post-marital residence, Yurok individuals' understanding of Karuk may also have changed.",Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Scalar,Very well,Well,Somewhat,Poorly,Very poorly,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T6,DFK04,DFK04-1,"17. Looking after children. Typically, do fathers look after children up to five year of age?",No,"Women are described as living with and looking after small children in the ""family houses"". Men's roles in child rearing are described primarily in terms of training adolescent sons. Very little information exists regarding the roles of other family members and the relationships between children.",Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T6,DFK04,DFK04-2,"17. Looking after children. Typically, do mothers primarily look after children up to five year of age?",Yes,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T6,DFK04,DFK04-3,17. Looking after children. Do adults other than the parents look after children up to five year of age?,B,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T6,DFK04,DFK04-4,17. Looking after children. Do children from sibling-kin groups look after children up to five year of age?,B,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T6,DFK04,DFK04-5,17. Looking after children. Do children up to five year of age look after each other as part of the same peer group?,B,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T11,DFK24,,"18. Typically, how much supervision do grandparents provide to children?",B,Relationships between grandparents and children are not well described.,Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Scalar,Constant supervision,A lot of supervision,Some supervision,Little supervision,No supervision at all,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,BI,DFK05,,19. What language are children expected to speak to their [q2o2answer] parent?,This is highly contextual,"Little information is recorded regarding the language of interaction between children and parents. Because family language would have been impacted by post-marital residence and individual language fluency, the language used between children and Karuk parents is likely to have depended on context.",Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T7,DFK20,,20. What language do [q2o1answer] parents typically speak with their children?,This is highly contextual,The language used by parents to address children likely depended on factors like post-marital residence and which parent was interacting with the child.,Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T8,DFK21,,21. What language do [q2o2answer] parents typically speak with their children?,This is highly contextual,The language used by parents to address children likely depended on factors like post-marital residence and which parent was interacting with the child.,Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T9,DFK22,,22. What language do children typically speak with their [q2o1answer] parent?,This is highly contextual,Language used between children and parents would have depended on factors like post-marital residence and individual fluency.,Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T10,DFK23,,23. What language do children typically speak with their [q2o2answer] parent?,This is highly contextual,Language used between children and parents would have depended on factors like post-marital residence and individual fluency.,Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T2,DFK25,,24. What language do [q2o2answer] grandparent/aunts/uncles typically speak to the children?,This is highly contextual,This is likely to have depended on factors like whether the children resided with and belonged to the lineage of the Karuk grandparent and the individual multilingualism of Karuk family members.,Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T4,DFK26,,"25. Typically, what language do [q2o1answer] children speak with their [q2o2answer] grandparents/aunts/uncles?",This is highly contextual,This is likely to have depended on factors like whether the children resided with and belonged to the lineage of the Karuk grandparent and whether the children and Karuk family members were individually fluent in Karuk and Yurok.,Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D9,DFK38,DFK38-1,26. Are any of the following features characteristic when speaking to one’s [q2o2answer] in-laws? Lexical avoidance,Yes,Proper name avoidance was common both within Yurok speaking communities and in interactions with non-Yurok speakers.,Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D9,DFK38,DFK38-2,26. Are any of the following features characteristic when speaking to one’s [q2o2answer] in-laws? The use of certain morphosyntactic forms,No,,Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D9,DFK38,DFK38-3,26. Are any of the following features characteristic when speaking to one’s [q2o2answer] in-laws? The use of certain pronominal forms,No,,Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,S1,DFK12,,"27. Thinking about the [q2o1answer] person and their [q2o2answer] in-laws, how often would they typically meet?",B,"This depends on the organization of marriage (""full marriage"" or ""partial marriage""). Some Yurok people resided with Karuk in-laws. Some who resided with Yurok family would have interacted only rarely with their in-laws.",Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Scalar,Very often,Often,Sometimes,Rarely,Very rarely,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,S3,DFK15,,28. How many people are typically involved in interactions between a [q2o1answer] person and their [q2o2answer] in-laws?,B,"This is likely to depend on the organization of the marriage (""full marriage"" or ""partial marriage"") and thus whether the Yurok person resided with Karuk in-laws or encountered them primarily in larger gatherings.",Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Scalar,Interactions are practically always under 5 people,Interactions are often under 5 people,Interactions are sometimes under 5 people,Interactions are rarely under 5 people,Interactions are practically never under 5 people,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,S4,DFK11,,29. How physically proximate to each other are a [q2o1answer] person and their [q2o2answer] in-laws?,B,"The primary residence patterns put Yurok individuals either very proximate to in-laws (as in the case of ""full marriage"" of a Yurok woman to a Karuk man) or far from in-laws (as in the case of a Yurok woman in a ""half marriage"" to a Karuk man). Post-marital residence patterns depend both on the gender of the Yurok spouse and on the bride wealth negotiations.",Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Scalar,Very proximate to each other,Proximate to each other,Somewhat proximate to each other,Far from each other,Very far from each other,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,S5,DFK14,,30. How would you rate the overall relationship between a [q2o1answer] person and their [q2o2answer] in-laws?,B,Very little information exists about the friendliness these of in-law relationships.,Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Scalar,Friendly,Somewhat friendly,Neutral,Somewhat hostile,Hostile,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,BA,DFK33,,31. What is the overall attitude that a [q2o1answer] person has towards their [q2o2answer] in-laws?,B,Very little information exists about the nature of relationships between Yurok individuals and Karuk in-laws.,Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neutral,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,O1,DFK30,,32. Your child has married a [q2o2answer] person. What language do you typically speak when speaking with your [q2o2answer] son/daughter-in-law?,This is highly contextual,This is likely to depend on individual language fluency and on post-marital residence.,Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,O2,DFK31,,"33. Typically, does a [q2o1answer] person simplify their [q2o1answer] language when speaking to their [q2o2answer] in-laws?",B,Very little information exists about foreigner-directed speech in Yurok.,Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Types,Yes,No,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,O3,DFK32,,"34. Typically, how fluently does a [q2o1answer] person speak the [q2o2answer] language when speaking to their [q2o2answer] in-laws?",B,"This is probably highly variable, depending on factors such as whether the Yurok person comes from a town near Karuk towns (i.e. a town where Karuk-Yurok bilingualism is common), whether the Yurok person resides with Karuk in-laws, and how long the Yurok person has been married to a Karuk speaker.",Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Scalar,Very fluently,Fluently,Somewhat fluently,A little fluently,Not fluently at all,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,I1,DFK28,,"35. Your child has married a [q2o2answer] person. What language does your child’s spouse typically speak to you, a [q2o1answer] person?",This is highly contextual,This is dependent on factors like individual language fluency and post-marital residence.,Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,I2,DFK29,,"36. Typically, how well does a [q2o1answer] person understand the [q2o2answer] in-law’s language?",B,This is highly dependent on individual factors such as residence close to Karuk towns or farther downriver and personal multilingualsim.,Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Scalar,Very well,Well,Somewhat,Poorly,Very poorly,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,I1,DFK34,,37. You have married a [q2o2answer] person. What language do you typically speak to your [q2o2answer] in-laws (your spouse’s parents and siblings)?,This is highly contextual,This is likely to depend on factors such as individual fluency and post-marital residence.,Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,I2,DFKXX,,"37b. Typically, how well does a [q2o1answer] person understand the [q2o2answer] in-law’s language?",B,This is highly dependent on individual factors such as residence close to Karuk towns or farther downriver and personal multilingualsim.,Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Scalar,Very well,Well,Somewhat,Poorly,Very poorly,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,E1,DFK96,,38. Who do [q2o1answer] people typically form families with besides [q2o2answer] people?,Other [q2o1answer] people,NA,Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Types,Other [q2o1answer] people,People from other groups,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,E4,DFK97,,"39. What type of data informed your answers to the questions in the domain of family and kin, overall?",Published material by linguists Published materials by other researchers in other fields,NA,Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,TypesMultiple,Impressions from my own fieldwork with the exact or related community,Reports from language consultants,Published or ongoing research project of my own on topics covered in this questionnaire,Published material by linguists,Published materials by other researchers in other fields,Other,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,E5,DFK98,,40. How certain are you in your responses for the domain of family and kin?,Somewhat certain,NA,Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,E6,DFK99,,41. List any comments or notes that you feel are relevant to this section of the questionnaire.,"Multilingualism is noted, but not thoroughly explored, in the documentation of Yurok and Karuk life and language in the early post-contact era. Similarly, family life is not described in great detail in the ethnographic literature. The limitations of documentary sources make it difficult to answer several of the questions in this section of the questionnaire.
Another complication in this discussion is the variability of marriage patterns, particularly with regard to post-marital residence. This is a key factor in understanding individual family dynamics and language use in families, but the existence of both patrilocal and matrilocal norms and the relatively even proportions of Yurok husband/Karuk wife and Karuk husband/Yurok wife marriages make it difficult to generalize about language use in families.",NA,Hannah Haynie,DFK,2,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,P1,DLB00,,1. Has work ever been a relevant domain of contact between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer]?,No,"Although there was historically substantial trade between Yurok and Karuk communities, the economies of both of these groups revolved around subsistence (e.g. fishing, acorn gathering) and goods that were typically produced or obtained by members of one community and traded to individuals in another community (e.g. canoes, deerskins, woodpecker scalps, tools). Horticulture was historically practiced by the Yurok only to a limited extent, in the planting of tobacco. Because the primary subsistence and manufacturing activities of the Yurok relied heavily on individual labor, the domain of work is not a significant locus of social contact between Yurok and Karuk speakers, especially in comparison to societies in which the workplace serves as a center for second language acquisition and socialization. The contact that did occur in the domain of work is closely related to domestic relationships like intermarriage of speakers of these two languages, and in some places the geographic proximity of work sites such as fishing sites.",Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,P2,DLB0a,,2. How long have [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people worked together for?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,P2N,DLB0aN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,P3,DLB0b,,3. What is the time frame when the largest number of people had the most opportunities for interaction in the labour domain?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,P3N,DLB0bN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,P4,DLB01,,"4. What other languages, if any, are spoken in the labour domain?",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D1,DLB02,,5. How commonly are [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people involved in public modes of production?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Scalar,Very commonly,Commonly,Somewhat commonly,Uncommonly,Very uncommonly,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D4,DLB04,,6. Is there hierarchy involved in work?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D6,DLB05,,7. Where do [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people typically work together?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Types,At places which belong to the [q2o1answer],At places which belong to the [q2o2answer],At places which belong to some other group,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D11,DLB29,,8. How much influence can the [q2o1answer] exert over the terms of work?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Scalar,Influence is practically always exerted,Influence is very much exerted,Influence is somewhat exerted,Influence is exerted very little,Influence is practically never exerted,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D9,DLB06,,9. Are there any speech styles used during work?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D12,DLB31,,"10. How often are these speech styles typically used during work, in comparison with unmonitored speech?",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Scalar,Always,Sometimes,As much as unmonitored speech,Rarely,Never,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DLB03,DLB03-1,"11. Involvement in work. Does involvement in work differ based on hierarchies associated to profession or wealth, such as a person's class and caste?",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DLB03,DLB03-2,"11. Involvement in work. Does involvement in work differ based on whether a person belongs to some magico-religiously sanctioned group, such as religious denomination?",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DLB03,DLB03-3,"11. Involvement in work. Does involvement in work domain differ based on a person's descent group, such as clan, house, lineage group, kinship group?",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DLB03,DLB03-4,"11. Involvement in work. Does involvement in work domain differ based on a person’s group of land ownership, such as tribe, clan, territorial group?",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DLB03,DLB03-5,"11. Involvement in work. Does involvement in work differ based on a person’s race, ethnicity, or some other similar grouping?",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DLB03,DLB03-6,11. Involvement in work. Does involvement in work differ based on a person’s age or life stage?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DLB03,DLB03-7,11. Involvement in work. Does involvement in work differ based on a person’s place identity and affiliation?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DLB03,DLB03-8,11. Involvement in work. Does involvement in work differ based on a person’s sex or gender?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DLB03,DLB03-9,11. Involvement in work. Does involvement in work differ based on any other communities of practice?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D10,DLB30,,12. Do [q2o1answer] people experience work differently depending on social group?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,S1,DLB07,,13. How often do [q2o1answer] people work with [q2o2answer] people?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Scalar,Very often,Often,Sometimes,Rarely,Very rarely,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,S3,DLB09,,14. How many people are typically involved in interactions between [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people when working?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Scalar,Interactions are practically always under 5 people,Interactions are often under 5 people,Interactions are sometimes under 5 people,Interactions are rarely under 5 people,Interactions are practically never under 5 people,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,S4,DLB10,,15. How physically proximate to each other are people when working?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Scalar,Very proximate to each other,Proximate to each other,Somewhat proximate to each other,Far from each other,Very far from each other,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,S5,DLB11,,16. How would you rate the overall relationship between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people involved in work?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Scalar,Friendly,Somewhat friendly,Neutral,Somewhat hostile,Hostile,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,S6,DLB27,,"17. What is the proportion of total [q2o1answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o2answer] people, in work?",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,S7,DLB28,,"18. What is the proportion of total [q2o2answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o1answer] people, in work?",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,BA,DLB22,,19. What is the overall attitude that [q2o1answer] people have towards [q2o2answer] people in work?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neutral,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,BH,DLB23,,"20. How do [q2o1answer] people view themselves overall in relation to [q2o2answer] people, within the context of work?",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Scalar,[q2o1answer] see themselves as very superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as neither superior nor inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as very inferior to [q2o2answer],NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,BI,DLB25,,21. What language do [q2o1answer] people expect to be used when working with [q2o2answer] people?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,O1,DLB32,,22. What language do [q2o1answer] people typically speak when working with [q2o2answer] people?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,O2,DLB13,,23. Do [q2o1answer] people typically simplify their language when working with [q2o2answer] people?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Types,Yes,No,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,O3,DLB14,,"24. Typically in work, how fluently do [q2o1answer] people speak the [q2o2answer] language?",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Scalar,Very fluently,Fluently,Somewhat fluently,A little fluently,Not fluently at all,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,I1,DLB15,,25. What language do [q2o2answer] people typically speak when working with [q2o1answer] people?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,I2,DLB16,,"26. Typically in work, how well do [q2o1answer] people understand the [q2o2answer] language?",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Scalar,Very well,Well,Somewhat,Poorly,Very poorly,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T1,DLB17,,27. How much do [q2o1answer] children participate in work?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Scalar,They practically always participate,They participate a lot,They participate somewhat,They participate a little,They practically never participate,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T6,DLB21,DLB21-1,"28. Looking after children during work. Typically, do adults other than the parents look after children up to five year of age during work?",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T6,DLB21,DLB21-2,"28. Looking after children during work. Typically, do parents look after children up to five year of age during work?",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T6,DLB21,DLB21-3,"28. Looking after children during work. Typically, do children from sibling-kin groups look after children up to five year of age during work?",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T6,DLB21,DLB21-4,"28. Looking after children during work. Typically, do children up to five year of age look after each other as part of the same peer group during work?",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T11,DLB26,,"29. Typically, how much supervision do adults provide to children in work?",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Scalar,Constant supervision,A lot of supervision,Some supervision,Little supervision,No supervision at all,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T2,DLB18,,30. What language do [q2o2answer] adults typically speak to a [q2o1answer] children in work?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T4,DLB19,,"31. Typically, what language do [q2o1answer] children from four/five year of age prefer to speak with [q2o2answer] adults in work?",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T5,DLB20,,"32. Typically, what language would a [q2o1answer] child speak to [q2o2answer] children in work?",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Types,[q2o1answer] children do not interact with [q2o2answer] children,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,E1,DLB96,,"33. List any other groups that the [q2o1answer] people worked with in the past. List any other group in so far as you believe they had linguistic consequences for the [q2o1answer] language. Where possible, please also give an indication of when this interaction happened.",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,E4,DLB97,,"34. What type of data informed your answers to the questions in the domain of labour, overall?",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,TypesMultiple,Impressions from my own fieldwork with the exact or related community,Reports from language consultants,Published or ongoing research project of my own on topics covered in this questionnaire,Published material by linguists,Published materials by other researchers in other fields,Other,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,E5,DLB98,,35. How certain are you in your responses for the domain of labour?,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,E6,DLB99,,36. List any comments or notes that you feel are relevant to this section of the questionnaire.,NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLB,1,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,P1,DLC00,,1. Has the local community ever been a relevant domain of contact between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer]?,Yes,,Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,P2,DLC0a,,2. How long have [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people been in contact in the local community?,"The duration of contact is unclear, but certainly predates the documented era.",,Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,P2N,DLC0aN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",1000-2020,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,P3,DLC0b,,3. What is the time frame when the largest number of people had the most opportunities for interaction in the local community?,1850-1950,The densest contact in the documented era was during the latter half of the 19th century and into the early 20th century.,Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,P3N,DLC0bN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",1850-1950,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,P4,DLC01,,"4. What other languages, if any, are spoken in the local community?","Hupa
Wiyot
Tolowa",This varies by community. Areal multilingualism in Northwestern California was widespread but not necessarily uniform.,Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D1,DLC02,,5. Choose one of the following where [q2o1answer] people are most likely to speak in an unmonitored way.,Nuclear family,"Most daily time is spent in the family/household environment, but people from Yurok and Karuk communities certainly encountered each other occasionally outside of the household and also met less frequently for ceremonial gatherings.",Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Types,Nuclear Family,Band,Neighbourhood or village,Town or city,Other,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D6,DLC28,,6. Where do [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people typically meet up in the local community?,At places which belong to the [q2o1answer],"The location in which the greatest level of Yurok-Karuk bilingualism and contact has been described is the town of Wechpus (Weitchpec). This settlement is at the upriver end of Yurok territory, and Karuk settlements lie farther up the Klamath River.",Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Types,At places which belong to the [q2o1answer],At places which belong to the [q2o2answer],At places which belong to some other group,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D11,DLC27,,7. How much influence can the [q2o1answer] exert over [q2o2answer] in the activities of the local community?,Influence is somewhat exerted,"There is no clear difference in power or prestige ascribed to the Yurok in comparison to the Karuk, or vice-versa. Status and power were tied to wealth in both of these communities. When community activities were situated in Yurok-controlled locations (e.g. ceremonial gatherings hosted by Yurok communities) the influence exerted by Yurok speakers over Karuk speakers may have been relatively greater than in more commonplace community interactions.",Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Scalar,Influence is practically always exerted,Influence is very much exerted,Influence is somewhat exerted,Influence is exerted very little,Influence is practically never exerted,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DLC25,DLC25-1,"8. Involvement in the Local Community. Does involvement in the local community differ based on hierarchies associated to profession or wealth, such as a person's class and caste?",Yes,"In general individuals' roles and experiences in the community differed broadly according to many social categories, but in most cases not to the extent that the different experiences of most social categories are known or expected to have had linguistic consequences. 
Regarding gender, women and men traditionally carried out different subsistence activities and may have therefore interacted primarily with different segments of the local community. Women were prohibited from entering men's sweat houses. Certain occupations (e.g. healer) were restricted by gender. In short, there are many gender differences that shaped individuals' experiences in the local community. It is unclear, though, how these differences might have impacted language in Yurok communities.
An important distinction seems to have revolved around wealth. Wealthy families enjoyed a different lifestyles and greater community prestige than less wealthy families, and while Yurok wealth distinctions may not have been as formalized as class systems in many other human societies, they had significant consequences for community involvement. Wealthy families, for example, acted as hosts of ceremonial gatherings (see Kroeber 1925, 40 and Pilling 1978, 141). While participation at these community events was not limited based on wealth/incipient class or on the other characteristics enumerated above, the social position of wealthy individuals at these community gatherings would have differed from others in the community (e.g. in their provision of feasts and displays of wealth). Buckley (1984) describes two registers in Yurok, associated respectively with high and low class. The ""wo·ogey speech"" or high register was said by Buckley (1984) and Pilling (1978) to be used by wealthy families to index their high social status. Buckley describes this speech as involving more complex morphological, syntactic, and semantic structures than ordinary Yurok speech as well as differences in vowels and fricative consonants. This register, or perhaps an even higher register (Pilling 1989) was used in ceremonial speech.",Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DLC25,DLC25-2,"8. Involvement in the Local Community. Does involvement in the local community differ based on whether a person belongs to some magico-religiously sanctioned group, such as religious denomination?",No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DLC25,DLC25-3,"8. Involvement in the Local Community. Does involvement in the local community differ based on a person's descent group, such as clan, house, lineage group, kinship group?",No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DLC25,DLC25-4,"8. Involvement in the Local Community. Does involvement in the local community differ based on a person’s group of land ownership, such as tribe, clan, territorial group?",No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DLC25,DLC25-5,"8. Involvement in the Local Community. Does involvement in the local community differ based on a person’s race, ethnicity, or some other similar grouping?",No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DLC25,DLC25-6,8. Involvement in the Local Community. Does involvement in the local community differ based on a person’s age or life stage?,No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DLC25,DLC25-7,8. Involvement in the Local Community. Does involvement in the local community differ based on a person’s place identity and affiliation?,No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DLC25,DLC25-8,8. Involvement in the Local Community. Does involvement in the local community differ based on a person’s sex or gender?,No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DLC25,DLC25-9,8. Involvement in the Local Community. Does involvement in the local community differ based on any other communities of practice?,No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D10,DLC29,,9. Do [q2o1answer] people experience the local community differently depending on social group?,No,"This is difficult to answer, as contact in the local community would have depended largely on the family relationships/roles and intermarriage patterns described in section 2 of the questionnaire. Contact in the local community but outside of the family is likely to have revolved around individuals who ""married in"" and around ceremonial gatherings.",Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,S1,DLC16,,10. How often do [q2o1answer] people interact with [q2o2answer] people in the local community?,Sometimes,"Frequency of interaction between Yurok and Karuk speakers was highly variable. In Yurok communities that are geographically proximal to Karuk-speaking towns, interaction between Yurok and Karuk people likely happened very often. However, in coastal Yurok communities such contact would have been very rare. In the middle reaches of the lower Klamath River, interactions would have depended largely on intermarriage and on ceremonial gatherings, and best matched the ""sometimes"" category in frequency. On average, the frequency of contact is probably best described as ""sometimes"" (i.e. neither rarely nor often).",Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Scalar,Very often,Often,Sometimes,Rarely,Very rarely,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,S3,DLC15,,11. How many people are typically involved in interactions between [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people in the local community?,Interactions are rarely under 5 people,"Outside of the home, interactions between Yurok and Karuk people in the local community involved large ceremonial gatherings that were relatively infrequent, as well as more casual contact, especially in areas near the boundary between these two languages' traditional geographic extents. Again, the level and context of contact would have varied across the geography of Yurok settlements, with Yurok speakers farther upstream on the Klamath River most likely to have frequent opportunities to interact with Karuk people in groups smaller than 5 people. On average, interactions in large groups may have been more common than interactions in groups smaller than 5 people.",Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Scalar,Interactions are practically always under 5 people,Interactions are often under 5 people,Interactions are sometimes under 5 people,Interactions are rarely under 5 people,Interactions are practically never under 5 people,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,S4,DLC05,,12. How physically proximate to each other are people in the local community?,Somewhat proximate to each other,"This varies based on the geography of Yurok and Karuk settlement. For far upriver Karuk speakers and coastal Yurok speakers the physical and logistical effort required to reach one another would have been significant. For Yurok speakers and Karuk speakers each living relatively near the confluence of the Trinity and Klamath Rivers the distance between communities was much smaller (<10km). In general, a reasonable degree of planning and effort would have been required for most Yurok communities to interact with most Karuk communities.",Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Scalar,Very proximate to each other,Proximate to each other,Somewhat proximate to each other,Far from each other,Very far from each other,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,S5,DLC14,,13. How would you rate the overall relationship between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people in the local community?,Somewhat friendly,"In addition to activities like trade and intermarriage, relationships between Yurok and Karuk people in Northwestern California are largely friendly. Speakers of these languages historically chose to spend time together and to create connections between communities through activities such as ceremonial gatherings.",Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Scalar,Friendly,Somewhat friendly,Neutral,Somewhat hostile,Hostile,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,S6,DLC32,,"14. What is the proportion of total [q2o1answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o2answer] people, in the form of local communities?",Some people,"Due to the geography of the Yurok area, opportunities for contact are most frequent near the confluence of the Klamath and Trinity Rivers, with fewer opportunities for contact lower on the Klamath River and still fewer along the coast. This is reflected in the marriage patterns reported by Waterman and Kroeber (1934). Karuk individuals marry into upriver Yurok communities most frequently, mid-river Yurok communities less frequently, and are very rarely married into Yurok communities near the mouth of the Klamath River or along the Pacific Coast. As a result of this geographic pattern, opportunities for contact are distributed unevenly over this space and not all Yurok people would have historically had many opportunities for contact with Karuk speakers.",Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,S7,DLC33,,"15. What is the proportion of total [q2o2answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o1answer] people, in the form of local communities?",Some people,"There is somewhat less evidence available regarding contact opportunities for people living in Karuk communities. In the northernmost extent of Karuk territory, the predominant language contact described is between Karuk and Shasta speakers, however the largest Karuk population centers were on the downriver end of Karuk territory, nearer to Yurok communities. There were also denser marital and ceremonial ties between Karuk communities and Yurok communities, making Yurok contact particularly important for Karuk speakers.",Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,BA,DLC18,,16. What is the overall attitude that [q2o1answer] people have towards [q2o2answer] people in the local community?,Neutral,In Northwestern California language seems not to have been the basis of national or group identity formation. From the available evidence it appears that Yurok people viewed Karuk speakers as simply other people who live upstream and happen to speak differently.,Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neutral,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,BH,DLC19,,"17. How do [q2o1answer] people view themselves overall in relation to [q2o2answer] people, in the context of the local community?",[q2o1answer] see themselves as neither superior nor inferior to [q2o2answer],In Northwestern California language seems not to have been the basis of social or political identity formation. From the available evidence it appears that Yurok people viewed Karuk speakers as simply other people who live upstream and happen to speak differently.,Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Scalar,[q2o1answer] see themselves as very superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as neither superior nor inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as very inferior to [q2o2answer],NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,BI,DLC04,,18. What language do [q2o1answer] people expect to be used with [q2o2answer] people in the local community?,This is highly contextual,"Multilingualism was relatively common in Northwestern California, so in community interactions the language that would be spoken is likely to depend on the circumstances of the interaction and the language capabilities of the individuals. In some situations (e.g. a ceremonial gathering in a Yurok community) Yurok would be the ceremonial language, though there are accounts of bilingual attendees and non-Yurok speakers able to understand the goings on without speaking the language, due to cultural similarities across the region. In other situations (e.g. informal interactions in locales near the confluence of Klamath and Trinity Rivers) language may have depended largely upon individual fluency in these languages.",Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,O1,DLC11,,19. What language do [q2o1answer] people typically speak with [q2o2answer] people in the local community?,This is highly contextual,Language use in these interactions likely depended on a number of factors including the fluency of individuals in these languages.,Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,O2,DLC12,,20. Do [q2o1answer] people typically simplify their language when speaking with [q2o2answer] people in the local community?,B,Little information is available about foreigner-directed speech.,Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Types,Yes,No,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,O3,DLC13,,"21. Typically in the local community, how fluently do [q2o1answer] people speak the [q2o2answer] language?",B,Little information is available about second language acquisition and fluency.,Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Scalar,Very fluently,Fluently,Somewhat fluently,A little fluently,Not fluently at all,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,I1,DLC09,,22. What language do [q2o2answer] people typically speak with [q2o1answer] people in the local community?,This is highly contextual,"Language use is likely to have depended on the context of language use (e.g. ceremonial gatherings vs. informal interactions), the geography of language use (e.g. in locales near the fuzzy border between Yurok and Karuk speaking areas), and the fluency of individuals in each of these languages.",Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,I2,DLC10,,"23. Typically in the local community, how well do [q2o1answer] people understand the [q2o2answer] language?",B,Little information about second language capabilities is available.,Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Scalar,Very well,Well,Somewhat,Poorly,Very poorly,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T1,DLC31,,24. How much do [q2o1answer] children participate in the activities of the local community?,B,,Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Scalar,They practically always participate,They participate a lot,They participate somewhat,They participate a little,They practically never participate,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T6,DLC03,DLC03-1,"25. Looking after children in the local community. Typically, do adults other than the parents look after children up to five year of age in the local community?",B,"Little information is available about historical child rearing and children's daily lives. This may be partly due to the disruption of culture and harm done to individuals as a result of western educational movements that targeted children in the era of early European contact. In the latter part of the 19th century Yurok children were removed from their families by missionaries and later by government officials and sent away to schools. Both children and their families experienced trauma surrounding these separations, and this may explain, at least in part, the relative scarcity of documentation of children's lives. Parents clearly played a role in the care of small (<5 years old) children. However, it is less clear what other relationships and interactions involving small children were customary.",Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T6,DLC03,DLC03-2,"25. Looking after children in the local community. Typically, do parents look after children up to five year of age in the local community?",Yes,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T6,DLC03,DLC03-3,"25. Looking after children in the local community. Typically, do children from sibling-kin groups look after children up to five year of age in local community?",B,,Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T6,DLC03,DLC03-4,"25. Looking after children in the local community. Typically, do children up to five year of age look after each other as part of the same peer group in the local community?",B,,Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T11,DLC20,,"26. Typically in the local community, how much supervision do adults provide to children’s own activities, such as playing?",B,Very little information exists about the social dimension of children's activities.,Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Scalar,Constant supervision,A lot of supervision,Some supervision,Little supervision,No supervision at all,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T2,DLC21,,27. What language do [q2o2answer] adults typically speak to a [q2o1answer] children?,This is highly contextual,This likely depended on the context of the interaction and the language capabilities of the individuals involved.,Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T4,DLC22,,"28. Typically, what language do [q2o1answer] children from four/five year of age prefer to speak with [q2o2answer] adults?",This is highly contextual,"It is likely that in many Yurok towns, Yurok children would have traditionally preferred to speak Yurok language, even with a Karuk-speaking adult. However, many Yurok children of school age were affected by mission and government school relocation in the relevant time period, and were punished for speaking indigenous languages. One consequence of this was a wave of language shift and increasing use of English in Northwestern California. However, children's experiences were highly individual. Little published information on children's language preferences in the relevant time period exist, and this is probably another consequence of the trauma of family separation and boarding schools that emphasized language shift.",Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T5,DLC23,,"29. Typically, what language would a [q2o1answer] child speak to [q2o2answer] children in the local community?",This is highly contextual,"This probably depended historically on the context of contact and the multilingualism within families. However, family separation in the period of early European contact and the trauma of boarding schools that penalized the use of indigenous languages likely brought about rapid changes in children's language use in the relevant time period. Evidence that would inform an answer to this question is unsurprisingly scarce.",Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Types,[q2o1answer] children do not interact with [q2o2answer] children],The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,E1,DLC96,,"30. List any other groups that the [q2o1answer] formed local communities with in the past, in so far as you believe this had linguistic consequences for the [q2o1answer] language. Where possible, please also give an indication of when this happened.","Focus Group = Yurok; Neighbor Group = Karuk; Other Groups = Hupa, Wiyot, Tolowa.
Linguistic Consequences = Multilingualism or bilingualism was relatively common throughout Northwestern California, Convergent changes in the organization of systems such as numerals, kin terms and the functions of systems such as classifiers and preverbal tense/aspect markers, Loan translations",NA,Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,E4,DLC97,,"31. What type of data informed your answers to the questions in the domain of local community, overall?",Published material by linguists Published materials by other researchers in other fields,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,TypesMultiple,Impressions from my own fieldwork with the exact or related community,Reports from language consultants,Published or ongoing research project of my own on topics covered in this questionnaire,Published material by linguists,Published materials by other researchers in other fields,Other,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,E5,DLC98,,32. How certain are you in your responses for the domain of local community?,Somewhat certain,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,E6,DLC99,,33. List any comments or notes that you feel are relevant to this section of the questionnaire.,,NA,Hannah Haynie,DLC,3,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,P1,DKN00,,1. Have [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people occupied the same spaces of knowledge transfer together?,Yes,"The Yurok and Karuk both participated in the World Renewal Cult of Northwestern California, and speakers of these languages shared ritual knowledge.",Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,P2,DKN0a,,2. How long have [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people been involved in the knowledge domain together for?,"The duration of the shared ritual knowledge domain is unkown, but significantly predates documentation by European-Americans.",,Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,P2N,DKN0aN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",1000-2020,NA,Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,P3,DKN0b,,3. What is the time frame when the largest number of people had the most opportunities for interaction in the knowledge domain?,1850-1900,"Ceremonial gatherings became less common in the 20th century, so the period of greatest interaction regarding ritual knowledge would have been prior to this. The earliest documentation dates to the middle of the 19th century, so this serves as a de facto endpoint for the time frame.",Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,P3N,DKN0bN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",1850-1900,NA,Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,P4,DKN01,,"4. What other languages, if any, are spoken in the knowledge domain?","Hupa
Wiyot","The World Renewal Cult that served as a source of ritual knowledge for Yurok and Karuk speakers was shared also by Hupa speakers. Wiyot speakers may also have participated in the transfer of ceremonial knowledge. Tolowa, and Chilula speakers participated in this religious system as visitors to ceremonial gatherings (Kroeber and Gifford 1949).",Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D1,DKN02,,5. The most influential form of knowledge in this contact scenario is:,Local,The beliefs and rituals associated with this system were shared by people in a relatively small area of Northwestern California.,Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Types,Global,Local,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D4,DKN04,,6. The relationship between [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people in the knowledge domain can typically be characterised as:,None of the above,"Yurok communities engaged in a training system for aristocratic male leaders that involved novices learning from masters (Spott and Kroeber 1942). Similar knowledge transfer systems may have existed in Karuk communities. The master novice relationship was held between members of the same gender but different age cohorts in a single community, rather than routinely pairing speakers of one language as masters with novices who speak a different language. Regarding transfer of knowledge between Yurok and Karuk speakers, it appears that this was largely a reciprocal process involving the adaptation of ritual recitation formulas. For example, Conathan (2004) points out that in an interview with a man called Lame Billy, Kroeber noted that medicine (formulas for rituals or healing) could be learned from a Karuk friend and then translated from the Karuk language into Yurok by a ritual reader. Conathan notes that narratives and ritual formulas were transferred between communities this way, aided by multilingualism.",Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Types,"[q2o1answer] people are masters, [q2o2answer] are novices","[q2o2answer] people are masters, [q2o1answer] are novices",None of the above,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D6,DKN05,,7. Where does knowledge transmission between [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people typically take place?,This is highly contextual,"Karuk and Yurok speakers visited communities that belonged to speakers of the other language somewhat routinely. Both Yurok and Karuk communities hosted dance ceremonies and traveled to dance ceremonies in the region. Buckley (1982) also notes that families with ""esoteric knowledge"" were considered ""high families"" (i.e. they were afforded social prestige independent of their wealth). Visiting among ""high families"" and the establishment of relationships with speakers of surrounding languages (Karuk, Wiyot, Hupa, Tolowa) was common, and multilingualism was valued. Exchange of knowledge may have also occurred in various locations in the territories of various local ethnolinguistic groups during these visits.",Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Types,At places which belong to the [q2o1answer],At places which belong to the [q2o2answer],At places which belong to some other group,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D11,DKN28,,8. How much influence can the [q2o1answer] people exert over the decision of what constitutes legitimate knowledge in this domain?,Influence is somewhat exerted,"There is little evidence in the documentation that groups frequently tried to exert influence over what constitutes legitimate knowledge. Because knowledge transfer appears to have been somewhat decentralized and the result of knowledge transfer was often the creation of very similar variants of narratives and formulas adapted to local circumstances, it may not have been necessary for any group to exert authority over the knowledge that other groups considered legitimate or useful.",Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Scalar,Influence is practically always exerted,Influence is very much exerted,Influence is somewhat exerted,Influence is exerted very little,Influence is practically never exerted,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D9,DKN06,,9. Are there any speech styles used in the knowledge domain?,Yes,"Buckley (1984) states that the higher of two Yurok registers was used for ceremonial recitation and other ritual purposes. Pilling (1989) proposes that there were four distinct registers of Yurok, including a prayer register separate from the high register used by aristocratic families. While Buckley describes some linguistic features of the aristocratic register, Pilling provides insufficient linguistic detail for comparison. Regardless of whether ceremonial speech was associated with a general high register or a specialized prayer register, it was associated with a speech style that differs from ordinary Yurok vernacular speech.",Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D12,DKN31,,"10. How often are these speech styles typically used in knowledge transmission, in comparison with unmonitored speech?",B,Too little information exists to confidently assess the frequency of speech style use in this domain. It is likely to have been used sometimes.,Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Scalar,Always,Sometimes,As much as unmonitored speech,Rarely,Never,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DKN03,DKN03-1,"11. Involvement in the knowledge domain. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on hierarchies associated to profession or wealth, such as a person's class and caste?",Yes,"Three of these factors are closely related: social class/wealth, descent group, and place identity. Ceremonies were organized by prominent family in each of several locations. Thus the participation of individuals in certain aspects of ritual life and knowledge transfer was linked by the same mechanism to social class, descent group, and place. The master/novice system described by Pilling (1978) was used to train the heads of a town's aristocratic household. While there was not a formalized distinction between life stages or ages, this system typically paired old men as masters with young men as novices. Gender also determined participation in the domain of ritual knowledge. While men played important roles in ceremonial gatherings (e.g. as priests reciting formulas or as hosts of gatherings), shamanism and ritual healing was the domain of women (Kroeber 1925). Both men and women thus participated in the transfer and use of ritual knowledge, albeit in different areas of community life.",Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DKN03,DKN03-2,"11. Involvement in the knowledge domain. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on whether a person belongs to some magico-religiously sanctioned group, such as religious denomination?",No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DKN03,DKN03-3,"11. Involvement in the knowledge domain. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on a person's descent group, such as clan, house, lineage group, kinship group?",Yes,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DKN03,DKN03-4,"11. Involvement in the knowledge domain. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on a person’s group of land ownership, such as tribe, clan, territorial group?",No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DKN03,DKN03-5,"11. Involvement in the knowledge domain. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on a person’s race, ethnicity, or some other similar grouping?",No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DKN03,DKN03-6,11. Involvement in the knowledge domain. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on a person’s age or life stage?,No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DKN03,DKN03-7,11. Involvement in the knowledge domain. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on a person’s place identity and affiliation?,Yes,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DKN03,DKN03-8,11. Involvement in the knowledge domain. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on a person’s sex or gender?,Yes,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DKN03,DKN03-9,11. Involvement in the knowledge domain. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on any other communities of practice?,No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D10,DKN07,,12. Do [q2o1answer] people experience the knowledge domain differently depending on social group?,No,"Undoubtedly there are differences in individuals' experiences of this domain depending on several social factors (age, gender, social class, location). However, these differences are likely to have been differences in the kind of experience, not necessarily the intensity of contact, and it is unclear what social group would have experienced the densest contact between Yurok and Karuk languages.",Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,S1,DKN08,,13. How often do [q2o1answer] people interact with [q2o2answer] people in the knowledge domain?,Sometimes,"The frequency of contact is likely to be somewhat variable by individual, location, etc. Dances lasted anywhere from 2 to 10 days, depending on the ceremony and location (Kroeber 1925), so participation in a small number of ceremonial gatherings could exceed the time span categorized as ""rarely"", even before other visits and interactions are taken into account.",Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Scalar,Very often,Often,Sometimes,Rarely,Very rarely,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,S3,DKN10,,14. How many people are typically involved in interactions between [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people in the knowledge domain?,Interactions are rarely under 5 people,"Both large gatherings and visits between families are likely to have involved more than 5 people. Descriptions of knowledge transfer also mention more informal learning of narratives and formulas that are more likely to have occurred in interactions among fewer than 5 people. The ""rarely"" category above is a best estimate based on limited information.",Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Scalar,Interactions are practically always under 5 people,Interactions are  often under 5 people,Interactions are sometimes under 5 people,Interactions are rarely under 5 people,Interactions are practically never under 5 people,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,S4,DKN11,,15. How physically proximate to each other are people in the knowledge domain?,Somewhat proximate to each other,"As described in other sections of the questionnaire, the proximity between individuals in these communities is highly variable, and on average requires some planning and effort.",Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Scalar,Very proximate to each other,Proximate to each other,Somewhat proximate to each other,Far from each other,Very far from each other,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,S5,DKN12,,16. How would you rate the overall relationship between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people in the knowledge domain?,Friendly,"The relationships in this domain appear to have been largely friendly, involving cooperation between downriver and upriver people for ceremonies and practices that impacted the use of anadromous fish resources, establishment of relationships between communities, and informal sharing of ritual knowledge.",Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Scalar,Friendly,Somewhat friendly,Neutral,Somewhat hostile,Hostile,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,S6,DKN29,,"17. What is the proportion of total [q2o1answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o2answer] people, in the knowledge domain?",Few people,"While rituals likely created contact opportunities for a relatively large proportion of Yurok speakers, not all of these individuals would have participated in the transfer of knowledge. It is difficult to estimate what proportion of Yurok speakers would have had Karuk contact opportunities in the context of ritual knowledge.",Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,S7,DKN30,,"18. What is the proportion of total [q2o2answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o1answer] people, in the knowledge domain?",Few people,"As with the Yurok speaking community, it is difficult to estimate the proportion of Karuk speakers who would have had opportunities for Yurok language contact based on transfer of knowledge.",Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,BA,DKN13,,19. What is the overall attitude that [q2o1answer] people have towards [q2o2answer] people in the knowledge domain?,Neutral,"There is little information on which to base an assessment of individuals' or groups' attitudes toward one another. Because there is no suggestion in the literature of particularly negative orPositive attitudes, and because there is generally little evidence that ethnolinguistic identities played a significant role in shaping attitudes toward others in these communities I have selected ""neutral"".",Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neutral,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,BH,DKN14,,"20. How do [q2o1answer] people view themselves overall in relation to [q2o2answer] people, in the context of the knowledge domain?",[q2o1answer] see themselves as neither superior nor inferior to [q2o2answer],"There is little information available to inform this response. Because there is no suggestion in the literature of feelings of cultural superiority or inferiority, and because there is generally little evidence that ethnolinguistic identities played a significant role in the prestige afforded to people in Northwestern California, I have selected the mostNeutral category.",Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Scalar,[q2o1answer] see themselves as very superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as neither superior nor inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as very inferior to [q2o2answer],NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,BI,DKN16,,21. What language do [q2o1answer] people expect to be used with [q2o2answer] people in the knowledge domain?,This is highly contextual,"Evidence about the details of historical interactions is scarce. Based on the values, relationships, and logistics involved I expect that language use in this domain is highly variable. Factors including location, cultural context, and fluency of individuals in these languages is likely to have impacted the use of language in this domain.",Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,O1,DKN17,,22. What language do [q2o1answer] people typically speak with [q2o2answer] people when in the knowledge domain?,This is highly contextual,"Evidence about the details of historical interactions is scarce. Based on the values, relationships, and logistics involved I expect that language use in this domain is highly variable. Factors including location, cultural context, and fluency of individuals in these languages is likely to have impacted the use of language in this domain.",Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,O2,DKN18,,23. Do [q2o1answer] people typically simplify their language when speaking with [q2o2answer] people in the knowledge domain?,B,There is insufficient information available to determine whether foreigner-directed speech was simplified.,Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Types,Yes,No,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,O3,DKN19,,"24. Typically in the knowledge domain, how fluently do [q2o1answer] people speak the [q2o2answer] language?",B,"This appears to be highly variable, with no set norm for Karuk fluency among Yurok speakers involved in the use and transfer of ritual knowledge. It is likely that Karuk knowledge was somewhat greater among those engaged in the knowledge domain than in the general population of Yurok speakers.",Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Scalar,Very fluently,Fluently,Somewhat fluently,A little fluently,Not fluently at all,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,I1,DKN20,,25. What language do [q2o2answer] people typically speak with [q2o1answer] people in the knowledge domain?,This is highly contextual,"Evidence about the details of historical interactions is scarce. Based on the values, relationships, and logistics involved I expect that language use in this domain is highly variable. Factors including location, cultural context, and fluency of individuals in these languages is likely to have impacted the use of language in this domain.",Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,I2,DKN21,,"26. Typically in the knowledge domain, how well do [q2o1answer] people understand the [q2o2answer] language?",B,It is unclear from the available evidence how well Yurok people in this domain understood Karuk language. Understanding of Karuk was likely to have been variable across individuals.,Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Scalar,Very well,Well,Somewhat,Poorly,Very poorly,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T1,DKN22,,27. How much do [q2o1answer] children participate in the activities of the knowledge domain?,B,Very little information exists regarding the participation of children in this domain.,Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Scalar,They practically always participate,They participate a lot,They participate somewhat,They participate a little,They practically never participate,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T6,DKN23,DKN23-1,"28. Looking after children in the knowledge domain. Typically, do adults other than the parents look after children up to five year of age in the knowledge domain?",B,Very little information exists regarding the participation of children in this domain.,Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T6,DKN23,DKN23-2,"28. Looking after children in the knowledge domain. Typically, do parents look after children up to five year of age in the knowledge domain?",B,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T6,DKN23,DKN23-3,"28. Looking after children in the knowledge domain. Typically, do children from sibling-kin groups look after children up to five year of age in the knowledge domain?",B,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T6,DKN23,DKN23-4,"28. Looking after children in the knowledge domain. Typically, do children up to five year of age look after each other as part of the same peer group in the knowledge domain?",B,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T11,DKN27,,"29. Typically, how much structured instruction do adults provide to children in the knowledge domain?",B,Very little information exists regarding the participation of children in this domain.,Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Scalar,Constant structured supervision,A lot of structured supervision,Some structured supervision,Little structured supervision,Almost no structured supervision at all,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T2,DKN24,,30. What language do [q2o2answer] adults typically speak to a [q2o1answer] children in the knowledge domain?,B,Very little information exists regarding the participation of children in this domain.,Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T4,DKN25,,"31. Typically, what language do [q2o1answer] children from four/five year of age prefer to speak with [q2o2answer] adults?",B,Very little information exists regarding the participation of children in this domain.,Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T5,DKN26,,"32. Typically, what language would a [q2o1answer] child speak to [q2o2answer] children in the knowledge domain?",B,Very little information exists regarding the participation of children in this domain.,Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Types,[q2o1answer] children do not interact with [q2o2answer] children,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,E1,DKN96,,"33. List any other groups that the [q2o1answer] people intereacted with in the past, in the knowledge domain. List any other group in so far as you believe they had linguistic consequences for the [q2o1answer] language. Where possible, please also give an indication of when this interaction happened.","Focus Group = Yurok; Neighbor Group = Karuk; Other Group = Hupa
Linguistic Consequence = Adaptation of narratives and ritual formulas into Yurok",NA,Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,E4,DKN97,,"34. What type of data informed your answers to the questions in the domain of knowledge, overall?",Published material by linguists Published materials by other researchers in other fields,NA,Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,TypesMultiple,Impressions from my own fieldwork with the exact or related community,Reports from language consultants,Published or ongoing research project of my own on topics covered in this questionnaire,Published material by linguists,Published materials by other researchers in other fields,Other,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,E5,DKN98,,35. How certain are you in your responses for the domain of knowledge?,Somewhat certain,NA,Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,E6,DKN99,,36. List any comments or notes that you feel are relevant to this section of the questionnaire.,,NA,Hannah Haynie,DKN,4,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,P1,DTR00,,1. Has trade ever been a relevant domain of contact between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer]?,Yes,,Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,P2,DTR0a,,2. How long have [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people traded for?,Trade between these groups predates historical documentation.,,Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,P2N,DTR0aN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",1000-2020,NA,Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,P3,DTR0b,,3. What is the time frame when the largest number of people had the most opportunities for interaction in trade?,1850-1900,The best documented period of trade between these groups with the least disruption by colonial economic activities was the second half of the 19th century.,Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,P3N,DTR0bN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",1850-1900,NA,Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,P4,DTR01,,"4. What other languages, if any, are spoken in trade?","Hupa
Wiyot
Tolowa","All of the languages of the Northwestern California area may have been used in trade, depending on the location and participants in transactions.",Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D1,DTR02,DTR02-1,5. Traded good types. Do [q2o1answer] people trade raw materials and primary produce to [q2o2answer] people?,Yes,"Subsistence staples (acorns, salmon) were relatively abundant throughout the Klamath River reaches and surrounding hills in both Yurok and Karuk areas, so trade in raw materials and primary produce was limited. Coastal Yurok communities were known to trade seaweed cakes (used for salt) and whale meat inland (Kroeber 1925). Dugout canoes were made by Yurok speakers on the Klamath river and traded to surrounding communities. The redwood stands that grew in the area controlled by Yurok speakers allowed them to produce superior canoes. Luxury goods (e.g. woodpecker scalps, deer skins) were traded throughout the region.",Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D1,DTR02,DTR02-2,5. Traded good types. Do [q2o1answer] people trade luxury items to [q2o2answer] people?,Yes,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D1,DTR02,DTR02-3,5. Traded good types. Do [q2o1answer] people trade manufactured goods to [q2o2answer] people?,Yes,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D1,DTR02,DTR02-4,5. Traded good types. Do [q2o2answer] people trade raw material and primary produce to [q2o1answer] people?,No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D1,DTR02,DTR02-5,5. Traded good types. Do [q2o2answer] people trade luxury items to [q2o1answer] people?,Yes,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D1,DTR02,DTR02-6,5. Traded good types. Do [q2o2answer] people trade manufactured goods to [q2o1answer] people?,No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D4,DTR24,,"6. Typically when trading with [q2o2answer] people, the [q2o1answer] people will",Use money,Yurok trade was typically negotiated using shell money as currency (see Kroeber 1925 for a list of values from the early 20th century). Other valuable items such as woodpecker scalps were sometimes also used as currency in trade.,Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Types,Use money,Exchange objects,This is contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D6,DTR06,,7. Where does trade between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people typically take place?,This is highly contextual,"The Yurok town of Wechpus (Weitchpec) was located near the confluence of the Klamath and Trinity Rivers and likely served as a center for trade. However, it is likely that trade locations were somewhat context dependent. Buckley (1982) notes that Yurok traders considered travel to be desirable and traveled relatively long distances (e.g. to southern Oregon) for trade. It is likely that some trade was very local, using middlemen to move goods through sequences of proximal locations and other trade involved longer distance travel, meaning that trade was likely to have been conducted both in Yurok locations and in Karuk locations (and elsewhere).",Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Types,At places which belong to the [q2o1answer],At places which belong to the [q2o2answer],At places which belong to some other group,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D11,DTR17,,8. How much influence can the [q2o1answer] exert over the [q2o2answer] in terms of trade?,B,Little information exists about differences in influence in trade.,Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Scalar,Influence is practically always exerted,Influence is very much exerted,Influence is somewhat exerted,Influence is exerted very little,Influence is practically never exerted,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D9,DTR28,,9. Are there any speech styles used in trade?,No,No specific trade-related speech styles in Yurok or Karuk are documented.,Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D12,DTR35,,"10. How often are these speech styles typically used in trade, in comparison with unmonitored speech?",NA,NA,Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Scalar,Always,Sometimes,As much as monitored speech,Rarely,Never,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DTR03,DTR03-1,"11. Involvement in trade. Does involvement in trade differ based on hierarchies associated to profession or wealth, such as a person's class or caste?",No,"Wealthier families may have been more likely to purchase or trade for luxury items. However, trade was primarily driven by resource availability, and resource control was a matter of real property and place affiliation. Men appear to have been the primary traders in Yurok society (Buckley 1982).",Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DTR03,DTR03-2,"11. Involvement in trade. Does involvement in trade differ based on whether a person belongs to some magico-religiously sanctioned group, such as religious denomination?",No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DTR03,DTR03-3,"11. Involvement in trade. Does involvement in trade differ based on a person's descent group, such as clan, house, lineage group, kinship group?",No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DTR03,DTR03-4,"11. Involvement in trade. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on a person’s group of land ownership, such as tribe, clan, territorial group?",No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DTR03,DTR03-5,"11. Involvement in trade. Does involvement in trade differ based on a person’s race, ethnicity, or some other similar grouping?",No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DTR03,DTR03-6,11. Involvement in trade. Does involvement in trade differ based on a person’s age or life stage?,No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DTR03,DTR03-7,11. Involvement in trade. Does involvement in trade differ based on a person’s place identity and affiliation?,Yes,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DTR03,DTR03-8,11. Involvement in trade. Does involvement in trade differ based on a person’s sex or gender?,Yes,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D3,DTR03,DTR03-9,11. Involvement in trade. Does involvement in trade differ based on any other communities of practice?,No,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,D10,DTR32,,12. Do [q2o1answer] people experience trade differently depending on social group?,No,,Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,S1,DTR14,,13. How often do [q2o1answer] people trade with [q2o2answer] people?,Often,Trade with Karuk people can be presumed to have been fairly frequent overall across all Yurok people.,Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Scalar,Very often,Often,Sometimes,Rarely,Very rarely,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,S3,DTR22,,14. How many people are typically involved in interactions between [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people when trading?,Interactions are practically always under 5 people,"Trade appears to have been largely carried out by individuals, or individuals and families. In other economic exchanges (e.g. negotiation of bride wealth), negotiations were carried out by two representatives of the groom's family and the bride's father. Presumably, other economic transactions were also negotiated by individuals or a small number of representatives of a family.",Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Scalar,Interactions are practically always under 5 people,Interactions are often under 5 people,Interactions are sometimes under 5 people,Interactions are rarely under 5 people,Interactions are practically never under 5 people,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,S4,DTR36,,15. How physically proximate to each other are people involved in trade?,Somewhat proximate to each other,"As noted in other sections, distance varies throughout the extents of Yurok and Karuk land. Buckle (1982) furthermore notes that trade sometimes involved geographically proximal communities, and sometimes involved individuals traveling longer distances to communities that do not speak the same language. On average trade between Yurok and Karuk speakers may have involved somewhat proximate individuals and groups.",Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Scalar,Very proximate to each other,Proximate to each other,Somewhat proximate to each other,Far from each other,Very far from each other,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,S5,DTR23,,16. How would you rate the overall relationship between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people in trade?,Neutral,"Little evidence exists to evaluate the friendliness of these relationships. In the absence of evidence that trade relationships were particularly friendly or particularly hostile, and knowing that businesslike economic transactions were common in these communities, I suspect that these relationships were typicallyNeutral.",Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Scalar,Friendly,Somewhat friendly,Neutral,Somewhat hostile,Hostile,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,S6,DTR33,,17. What is the proportion of total [q2o1answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o2answer] people in trade?,Some people,"Trade goods may have moved from coastal Yurok communities to Karuk communities, but these trades likely involved middlement in intermediary Yurok communities at least some of the time. Geographic proximity may have shaped opportunities for contact with Karuk people in trade, as it shapes many other facets of Yurok life.",Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,S7,DTR34,,18. What is the proportion of total [q2o2answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o1answer] people in trade?,Some people,"Evidence regarding the proportion of Karuk speakers in contact with Yurok people through trade is scarce. As noted for other categories of contact, geographic proximity is likely to have played a significant role in varying opportunities for contact across the Karuk-speaking area.",Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,BA,DTR16,,19. What is the overall attitude that [q2o1answer] people have towards [q2o2answer] people in trade?,Neutral,"Very little evidence exists to evaluate attitudes of Yurok speakers toward Karuk speakers in trade. In the absence of any evidence that these attitudes were particularlyPositive or negative, and given that ethnolinguistic identity appears not to have been a primary determinant of attitudes, it is likely that these attitudes were largelyNeutral.",Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neutral,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,BH,DTR29,,"20. How do [q2o1answer] people view themselves overall in relation to [q2o2answer] people, within the context of trade?",[q2o1answer] see themselves as neither superior nor inferior to [q2o2answer],"Yurok speakers did produce some important trade items, such as canoes. However there is no evidence that Yurok speakers viewed themselves as superior or inferior to Karuk speakers in trade.",Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Scalar,[q2o1answer] see themselves as very superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as neither superior nor inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as very inferior to [q2o2answer],NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,BI,DTR08,,21. What language do [q2o1answer] people expect to be used when trading with [q2o2answer] people?,This is highly contextual,"As for other facets of life in these communities, language choice in trade likely depended on factors such as individuals' language competence and spatial locations of individual trade events.",Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,O1,DTR11,,22. What language do [q2o1answer] people typically speak when trading with [q2o2answer] people?,This is highly contextual,"As for other facets of life in these communities, language choice in trade likely depended on factors such as individuals' language competence and spatial locations of individual trade events.",Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,O2,DTR12,,23. Do [q2o1answer] people typically simplify their language when speaking with [q2o2answer] people during trade?,B,Too little information about foreigner-directed speech is available to determine whether Yurok speech would have been simplified in these trade interactions.,Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Types,Yes,No,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,O3,DTR13,,"24. Typically in trade, how fluently do [q2o1answer] people speak the [q2o2answer] language?",B,"It is likely that Karuk fluency was somewhat variable across individuals engaged in trade. Although traders are likely to have had higher fluency in Karuk than other Yurok speakers, the absolute level of fluency for traders is somewhat uncertain.",Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Scalar,Very fluently,Fluently,Somewhat fluently,A little fluently,Not fluently at all,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,I1,DTR09,,25. What language do [q2o2answer] people typically speak when trading with the [q2o1answer]?,B,"As for other facets of life in these communities, language choice in trade likely depended on factors such as individuals' language competence and spatial locations of individual trade events.",Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,I2,DTR10,,"26. Typically in trade, how well do [q2o1answer] people understand the [q2o2answer] language?",B,,Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Scalar,Very well,Well,Somewhat,Poorly,Very poorly,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T1,DTR18,,27. How much do [q2o1answer] children participate in trade?,B,"Very little information exists about children's participation in trade. It is unlikely that they participated much, if at all.",Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Scalar,They practically always participate,They participate a lot,They participate somewhat,They participate a little,They practically never participate,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T6,DTR27,DTR27-1,"28. Looking after children during trade. Typically, do adults other than the parents look after children up to five year of age during trade?",B,"Very little information exists about children's participation in trade. It is unlikely that they participated much, if at all.",Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T6,DTR27,DTR27-2,"28. Looking after children during trade. Typically, do parents look after children up to five year of age during trade?",B,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T6,DTR27,DTR27-3,"28. Looking after children during trade. Typically, do children from sibling-kin groups look after children up to five year of age during trade?",B,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T6,DTR27,DTR27-4,"28. Looking after children during trade. Typically, do children up to five year of age look after each other as part of the same peer group during trade?",B,[See above],Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T11,DTR31,,"29. Typically, how much supervision do adults provide to children in trade?",B,"Very little information exists about children's participation in trade. It is unlikely that they participated much at all, regardless of level of supervision.",Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Scalar,Constant supervision,A lot of supervision,Some supervision,Little supervision,No supervision at all,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T2,DTR19,,30. What language do [q2o2answer] adults typically speak to a [q2o1answer] children in trade?,B,"Very little information exists about children's participation in trade. It is unlikely that they participated much, if at all. Information about language use in trade with children is not available.",Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T4,DTR20,,"31. Typically, what language do [q2o1answer] children from four/five year of age prefer to speak with [q2o2answer] adults?",B,"Very little information exists about children's participation in trade. It is unlikely that they participated much, if at all. Information about language use in trade with children is not available.",Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,T5,DTR37,,"32. Typically, what language would a [q2o1answer] child speak to [q2o2answer] children in trade?",B,"Very little information exists about children's participation in trade. It is unlikely that they participated much, if at all. Information about language use in trade with children is not available.",Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Types,[q2o1answer] children do not interact with [q2o2answer] children,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,E1,DTR96,,"33. List any other groups that the [q2o1answer] traded with in the past, in so far as you believe this had linguistic consequences for the [q2o1answer] language. Where possible, please also give an indication of when this happened.","Yurok speakers traded with many other ethnolinguistic groups, including Hupa, Wiyot, Tolowa, Shasta, and other communities in Oregon. However there is little evidence that these trade relationships had significant linguistic consequences.",NA,Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,E4,DTR97,,"34. What type of data informed your answers to the questions in the domain of trade, overall?",Published material by linguists Published materials by other researchers in other fields,NA,Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,TypesMultiple,Impressions from my own fieldwork with the exact or related community,Reports from language consultants,Published or ongoing research project of my own on topics covered in this questionnaire,Published material by linguists,Published materials by other researchers in other fields,Other,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,E5,DTR98,,35. How certain are you in your responses for the domain of trade?,Somewhat certain,NA,Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR
1.0.0,set32,set15a,E6,DTR99,,36. List any comments or notes that you feel are relevant to this section of the questionnaire.,,NA,Hannah Haynie,DTR,5,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Haynie,Yurok,Yurok,yur,yuro1248,Karuk,Karok,kyh,karo1304,Yurok-Karok,yur-kyh,yuro1248-karo1304,California,OR