Version,Set,Old_Set_ID,CID,QID,Sub-ID,Wording,Response,Comment,Respondent,Dom,DomOrder,DataType,Answer1,Answer2,Answer3,Answer4,Answer5,Answer6,Answer7,Answer8,Surname,[q2o1answer],FLang,F_ISO,F_Glottocode,[q2o2answer],NLang,N_ISO,N_Glottocode,ContactPair,ContactPair_ISO,ContactPair_Glottocode,AArea,Reviewer
1.0.0,set20,set27,OT1,OT1,,1. How long have [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people been in contact overall?,For the last seventy/eighty years.,,Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OT1N,OT1N,,"Coarse time range, numerical",1940-2020,NA,Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OT2,OT2,,2. What is the overall time frame when the largest number of people had the most opportunities for interaction?,Since 50s of the last century.,,Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OT2N,OT2N,,"Coarse time range, numerical",1950-2020,NA,Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OD1,OD1,,1. What is the total number of native-like speakers of [q2o1answer]?,"1,000,000-9,999,999 speakers","In India total number of Santali speakers, according to 2011 census report, is 7,368,192, male 3678969 female 3689223. Total number of native like speakers of Santali in West Bengal: 2429073, male 1207231 female 1221842. The percentage of Santal population is 2.67% of the total population of West Bengal and 45.85% of the total tribal population of the state. Total tribal population in West Bengal is 52, 96,963 as per Census 2011, which is about 5.8% ( 6% according to NHSRC data) of the total population of the State  (Census of India, 2011. Language. Government of India). Rest of the Santali speaking population are distributed in Jharkhand: 3269897, male 1631766 female 1638131, Assam: 213139, male 109033 female 104106, Odisha: 862590, male 428553 female 434037, Bihar: 458949, male 233302 female 225647, Maharashtra: 103456, male 51891 female 51565, Chhattisgarh: 17862, male 9041 female 8821, and Tripura: 3975, male 2042 female 1933 states of India.",Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Types,10-99 speakers,100-999 speakers,"1,000-9,999 speakers","10,000-99,999 speakers","100,000-999,999 speakers","1,000,000-9,999,999 speakers","10,000,000-99,999,999 speakers","100,000,000-999,999,999 speakers",Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OD3,OD3,,2. What is the total number of native-like speakers of [q2o2answer]?,"10,000,000-99,999,999 speakers","In West Bengal total number of native-like Bengali speakers are 78,698,852, male 40215336 and female 38483516, that is, 78.15 million, according to 2011 census. The Bengali people (mother tongue wise) are also distributed in different states of India and their number is almost 2 million. Total number of native-like speakers of Bengali in India: 97237669, male 49798752 female 47438917. (Census of India 2011). The Bengali speaking community is distributed in almost all the states (28 in number) of India, Considerable number of native-like speakers are distributed in at least three states, Assam, Odisha, and Tripura. Total number of Bengali-speaking population in Assam: 9024324, male 4615185 and female 4409139. In Tripura; 2414774, male 1227492 and female 1187282. In Odisha; 504570, male 255768 and female 248802. (Census of India 2011)",Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Types,10-99 speakers,100-999 speakers,"1,000-9,999 speakers","10,000-99,999 speakers","100,000-999,999 speakers","1,000,000-9,999,999 speakers","10,000,000-99,999,999 speakers","100,000,000-999,999,999 speakers",Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OD4,OD4,,3. What is the approximate proportion of native-like speakers in the total population of all speakers of [q2o1answer]?,High proportion,Native like speakers in Santali are more than 98% of the total Santali population. Those who were converted to Christianity and those who are far away from their native place and settled in towns and metro cities long back either forget their language or do not like to speak the language.,Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Scalar,High proportion,Fairly high proportion,Intermediate proportion,Fairly low proportion,Low proportion,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OD5,OD5,,4. What is the approximate proportion of native-like speakers in the total population of all speakers of [q2o2answer]?,High proportion,More than 95%.,Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Scalar,High proportion,Fairly high proportion,Intermediate proportion,Fairly low proportion,Low proportion,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OG1,OG1,,5. What is the population density within the area where [q2o1answer] is spoken?,100–399 persons per 10 sq. km,"Population density of the districts in which Santali people mainly settle (considered as homeland of the Santali people), according to 2011 census report) is as follows:
West Medinipur (including Jhargram): 631
Bankura: 523
Purulia: 468
Birbhum: 771
Bardhhaman: 1099
Murshidabad: 1334
Hooghly: 1753
Maldah: 1069
Jalpaiguri: 622
For Population density see Census of India, 2011 
https://www.census2011.co.in>West Bengal",Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Types,Less than 2 persons per 10 sq. km,2–4 persons per 10 sq. km,5–19 persons per 10 sq. km,20–99 persons per 10 sq. km,100–399 persons per 10 sq. km,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OS7,OS7,,6. What is the mean size of the [q2o1answer] speaking communities at the local level?,From 50 to 99 persons,,Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Types,Fewer than 50 persons,From 50 to 99 persons,From 100 to 199 persons,From 200 to 399 persons,"From 400 to 1,000 persons","More than 1,000 persons in the absence of indigenous urban aggregations","One or more indigenous towns of more than 5,000 inhabitants but none of more than 50,000",NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OS9,OS9,,7. How frequently do [q2o1answer] people generally interact with out-group people? ,Very Frequently,,Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Scalar,Very Frequently,Frequently,Neither frequently nor infrequently,Infrequently,Very infrequently,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OI1,OI1,OI1-1,"8. Is [q2o1answer] stated as an expression of identity of any of the following? Group centered around shared descent, such as clan, house, lineage group, kinship group",No,Santali is emblem of their ethnic identity.,Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OI1,OI1,OI1-2,"8. Is [q2o1answer] stated as an expression of identity of any of the following? Race, ethnicity, or some other similar grouping",Yes,[See above],Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OI1,OI1,OI1-3,"8. Is [q2o1answer] stated as an expression of identity of any of the following? Micro-level (politico-)territorial group, including regional or areal groups, clans, bands, tribes",No,[See above],Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OI1,OI1,OI1-4,"8. Is [q2o1answer] stated as an expression of identity of any of the following? Macro-level (politico-)territorial group, such as nation, tribe, state",No,[See above],Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OI1,OI1,OI1-5,"8. Is [q2o1answer] stated as an expression of identity of any of the following? Formal or informal relationships between non-kin, such as alliances, sodality membership, ad-hoc relationships between families or individuals",No,[See above],Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OI3,OI3,,9. Is there a codified standard variety for [q2o1answer]?,No,Santali has no codified standard variety.,Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OI6,OI6,,"10. What are the [q2o1answer] speakers' attitudes towards linguistic transfers from [q2o2answer], such as lexical or grammatical borrowing?",Neither positive nor negative,The Santali people consider linguistic transfers from Bengali as normal. Most of the time they are not conscious of such transfers and character of their language is being infringed upon.,Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neither positive nor negative,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OI7,OI7,,"11. What are the [q2o1answer] speakers' general attitudes towards linguistic transfer, such as lexical or grammatical borrowing, from any other language than [q2o2answer]?",Neither positive nor negative,Historically speaking their contact with so many linguistic groups was/ has been so often that they are not often aware of linguistic transfers from other languages.,Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neither positive nor negative,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OI9,OI9,,12. What are the [q2o1answer] speakers' attitudes towards lectal differences within [q2o1answer]?,Neither positive nor negative,They are aware of the lectal differences but bear no positive or negative opinion about the difference.,Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neither positive nor negative,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OI8,OI8,,13. How significant is language as part of group identity for the speakers of [q2o1answer]?,Very significant,"Language is very important indicator of Santali identity. At the same time, they are also open to innovations keeping the fundamental essence of the language intact. Where ever the language is spoken, be it in West Bengal, Assam, Jharkhand, Odisha, or Bihar, it has imbibed features of the local language/ languages. but as the basic structure of the language is intact they identify themselves as one group. Since the inception of the Jharkhand movement in the forties of the last century with an aspiration to curb out a separate state for themselves within India language has become an essential component of their group identity. As a fall out of the movement a separate state, called Jharkhand was curbed out of Bihar and became a state in India in 2000. In 2003 the Santali language was included in the VIIIth Schedule of the Constitution of India and became one of the official languages of the Jharkhand state. In West Bengal also Santali is recognized as a subsidiary language and recognized as a subject as also medium of instruction in school, college, and university level.",Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Scalar,Very significant,Significant,Neither significant nor insignificant,Insignificant,Very insignificant,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OB1,OB1,,14. There is an emic conception of [q2o1answer] as “a language” or some other categorical or objective thing?,Yes,,Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,O10,O10,,[q2o1answer] peoples’ language loyalty towards [q2o1answer] can be characterised as:,High,The Santals are conscious about preserving their language and they fought for recognition of their language in the Constitution of India (VIIIth Schedule) very successfully. They believe that their language is one of the ancient languages of India.,Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Scalar,Very high,High,Neither low nor high,Low,Very low,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OL3,OL3,,15. Do the [q2o1answer] speaking people use some orthography in writing their language?,"Yes, in a non-standardised way","Before ɔl ciki being formally recognized by the Government of West Bengal in 1979 Santali was being written in different scripts, like Bengali, Roman and rarely ɔl ciki. After the language being constitutionally recognized in 2003 rate of use of ɔl Ciki script in writing literature, text books and publishing magazines have increased in West Bengal. But those who were using Bengali script from the beginning of their literary career are still using Bengali script. The Christian converts among them prefer Roman script. In the neighbouring Jharkhand state Santali is mainly written in Devanagari and Roman scripts. Use of ɔl Ciki is rare. In neighbouring Odisha state use of Odia script, ɔl Ciki script and Roman is proportionally equal. So far as spelling is concerned there are considerable variations as Bengali, Devanagri or Odia scripts have no adequate letter for expressing all the Santali sounds. Dialectally too pronunciation differs and so is the spelling. Moreover, in the writings in Bengali, Devanagari or Odia scripts loans from the respective languages (viz. Bengali, Hindi or Odia) in lexical level is common. Where as in the writings in ɔl Ciki script there is a conscious effort of using the indigenous lexical elements and avoiding local loan words. Hence is the difference.",Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Types,"Yes, in a non-standardised way","Yes, in a standardised way","No, the Focus Group language is not written",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OL1,OL1,,16. What is the approximate rate of formal literacy in the [q2o1answer] speaking community?,Intermediate,"54.23% of the total Santal population (2.3 million) in West Bengal, according to 2011 census report. As per our investigation it is not more than 40% of the total Santali population and that too within the range of formal literacy. According to 2001 census report rate of literacy among the Santali speaking people was 42.2%, 57.3% among male and  27.0% among female.",Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Scalar,High,Fairly high,Intermediate,Fairly low,Low,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OL2,OL2,OL2-1,"17. Restrictions in access to literacy in terms of social categories. Is the ability to read and write restricted, in practice, to people of certain hierarchy groups associated with profession or wealth (such as class and caste)?",No,"Access to literacy is very high among the converted Christian Santals. Of the twelve clans among the Santals access to literacy is higher among the Murmu and Hembram, followed by others. Incidentally Santal clans are as follows: Murmu, Hembram, Marndi, Kisku, Tudu, Besra, Soren, Hansda, Chonre, Paoria, Bedia and ChõrƐ. Last four clans belong to the lower strata of the society and any kind of social interaction with them is prohibited.",Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OL2,OL2,OL2-2,"17. Restrictions in access to literacy in terms of social categories. Is the ability to read and write restricted, in practice, to people of certain magico-religiously sanctioned groups (such as religious denomination)?",No,[See above],Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OL2,OL2,OL2-3,"17. Restrictions in access to literacy in terms of social categories. Is the ability to read and write restricted, in practice, to people of certain descent groups, such as clan, house, lineage group, kinship group)?",Yes,[See above],Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OL2,OL2,OL2-4,"17. Restrictions in access to literacy in terms of social categories. Is the ability to read and write restricted, in practice, to people of certain races, ethnicities, or some other similar grouping?",Yes,[See above],Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OL2,OL2,OL2-5,"17. Restrictions in access to literacy in terms of social categories. Is the ability to read and write restricted, in practice, to people of certain age cohorts or life stages?",No,[See above],Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OL2,OL2,OL2-6,"17. Restrictions in access to literacy in terms of social categories. Is the ability to read and write restricted, in practice, to a certain sex or genders?",Yes,[See above],Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OL2,OL2,OL2-7,"17. Restrictions in access to literacy in terms of social categories. Is the ability to read and write restricted, in practice, to other communities of practice not mentioned above?",No,[See above],Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OS1,OS1,,"18. Typically, how many levels of jurisdictional hierarchy are there in the [q2o1answer] speaking society, beyond the local community?",Two levels,Village Panchayat and Pargana headed by Maɲjhi and Parganait respectively.,Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Scalar,Four levels,Three levels,Two levels,One level,No levels,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OS2,OS2,,"19. Typically, how many levels of jurisdictional hierarchy are there in [q2o2answer] society, beyond the local community?",No levels,,Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Scalar,Four levels,Three levels,Two levels,One level,No levels,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OS4,OS4,,"20. Which of the following best characterises the dominant form of the [q2o1answer] speaking group's mobility and sedentism, in regards to subsistence?",Mixed,The section of the society who have landed property rarely move from their place of residence for subsistence. Others who do not have landed property seasonally move from their place of residence in search of earning for a few months.,Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Types,Sedentary,Mobile,Mixed,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OS5,OS5,,"21. Which of the following best characterises the dominant form of the [q2o2answer] speaking group's mobility and sedentism, in regards to subsistence?",Sedentary,"Generally, the Bengali people do not move from their place of residence for subsistence. A small section of course has to move to other places periodically in search of earning.",Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Types,Sedentary,Mobile,Mixed,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OS6,OS6,,22. The [q2o1answer] speaking society's subsistence pattern can be broadly characterised as... ,Highly mixed,Tha Santals are historically hunter-gatherers. With the forest being dwindled they have become agricultural labourers and farmers (who have acquired land for cultivation).,Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Types,Hunter-gatherer,Fishing,Animal Husbadry,"Agricultural, casual","Agricultural, shifting","Agricultural, permanent",Highly Mixed,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OH1,OH1,,"23. Have there been any natural disasters or major societal upheaval during the densest period of contact between the [q2o1answer] speaking and [q2o2answer] speaking people, such it impacted people's mobility, and [q2o1answer] speaking people talk about it?",No,,Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OE1,OE1,,24. How long time have you spent working with this community?,"Forty years or so, since 1980.",NA,Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OE2,OE2,,25. Whom did you mostly interact with during your stay and through community-based research?,"Male members of the society from advance teenagers to the old, literate and illiterate.",NA,Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OE3,OE3,,26. Was your interaction with members of the community typically mediated by one/a few person(s)? Who were they?,"Large number of people in West Midnapur and Jhargram (erstwhile part of Midnapur district),Bankura, Birbhum and Purulia districts of West Bengal. I also surveyed some districts of neighbouring Jharkhand and Odisha states.",NA,Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OC1,OC1,,27. How certain are you in your responses to the set of questions about each domain?,Certain,"As I did field work in the Santal areas for a considerable period of time, I am certain about what I have given about as my response.",Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OC2,OC2,,28. How certain are you in your responses to the set of questions about social networks (The S-Set of questions)?,Certain,I am certain about my response about S-set of questions.,Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OC3,OC3,,29. How certain are you in your responses to the set of questions about attitudes and ideologies (The B-Set of questions)?,Certain,I am certain as I have responded from my own impression.,Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OC4,OC4,,30. How certain are you in your responses to the set of questions about language production (The O-Set of questions)?,Certain,"I collected data on language production during my field work. On the basis of my data, I published a book on Santali Morphology in 1994 and contributed one chapter in The Munda Languages published by Routledge in 2008 and another one in Advances in Munda Linguistics published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing in 2021.",Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OC5,OC5,,31. How certain are you in your responses to the set of questions about the languages spoken to the [q2o1answer] people (The I-Set of questions)?,Very certain,I am very much certain as what I have answered is from my own field experience.,Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,OC6,OC6,,32. How certain are you in your responses to the set of questions about children (The T-Set of questions)?,Very certain,As above.,Arun Ghosh,OV,6,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,P1,DEM00,,1. Has exchange ever been a relevant domain of contact between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer]?,No,Contact between Santali and Bengali people has never occurred in this particular domain.,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,P2,DEM0a,,3. How long have [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people practised exchange for? ,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,P2N,DEM0aN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,P3,DEM0b,,4. What is the time frame when the largest number of people had the most opportunities for interaction in exchange?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,P3,DEM0bN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,P4,DEM01,,"5. What other languages, if any, are spoken in this domain?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D1,DEM02,DEM02-1,6. Characteristic of the domain of Exchange. Is Exchange between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] the individual’s initiative?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D1,DEM02,DEM02-2,6. Characteristic of the domain of Exchange. Is Exchange between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] an institutionalised procedure?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D1,DEM02,DEM02-3,6. Characteristic of the domain of Exchange. Is Exchange between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] part of a ceremonial event to which both communities participate?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D6,DEM04,,7. Where does exchange between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people typically take place?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Types,At places which belong to the [q2o1answer],At places which belong to the [q2o2answer],At places which belong to some other group,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D11,DEM19,,8. How much influence can the [q2o1answer] exert over exchange?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Scalar,Influence is practically always exerted,Influence is very much exerted,Influence is somewhat exerted,Influence is exerted very little,Influence is practically never exerted,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D9,DEM38,,9. Are there any speech styles used during practices of exchange?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D12,DEM45,,"10. How often are these speech styles typically used during practices of exchange, in comparison with unmonitored speech?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Scalar,Always,Sometimes,As much as unmonitored speech,Rarely,Never,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DEM03,DEM03-1,"11. Social categories. Does involvement in Exchange practices differ based on hierarchies associated to profession or wealth, such as a person's class or caste?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DEM03,DEM03-2,"11. Social categories. Does involvement in Exchange practices differ based on whether a person belongs to some magico-religiously sanctioned group, such as religious denomination?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DEM03,DEM03-3,"11. Social categories. Does involvement in Exchange practices differ based on a person's descent group, such as clan, house, lineage group, kinship group?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DEM03,DEM03-4,"11. Social categories. Does involvement in Exchange practices differ based on a person’s group of land ownership, such as tribe, clan, territorial group?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DEM03,DEM03-5,"11. Social categories. Does involvement in Exchange practices differ based on a person’s race, ethnicity, or some other similar grouping?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DEM03,DEM03-6,11. Social categories. Does involvement in Exchange practices differ based on a person’s age or life stage?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DEM03,DEM03-7,11. Social categories. Does involvement in Exchange practices differ based on a person’s place identity and affiliation?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DEM03,DEM03-8,11. Social categories. Does involvement in Exchange practices differ based on a person’s sex or gender?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DEM03,DEM03-9,11. Social categories. Does involvement in Exchange practices differ based on any other communities of practice?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D10,DEM41,,12. Do [q2o1answer] people experience exchange differently depending on social group?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,S1,DEM08,,13. How often do [q2o1answer] people exchange with [q2o2answer] people?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Scalar,Very often,Often,Sometimes,Rarely,Very rarely,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,S3,DEM11,,14. How many people are typically involved in interactions between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] in the context of exchange?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Scalar,Interactions are practically always under 5 people,Interactions are often under 5 people,Interactions are sometimes under 5 people,Interactions are rarely under 5 people,Interactions are practically never under 5 people,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,S5,DEM10,,15. How would you rate the overall relationship between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people in the domain of exchange?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Scalar,Friendly,Somewhat friendly,Neutral,Somewhat hostile,Hostile,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,S6,DEM40,,16. What is the proportion of total [q2o1answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o2answer] people in the context of exchange?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,S7,DEM44,,17. What is the proportion of total [q2o2answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o1answer] people in the context of exchange?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,BA,DEM17,,18. What is the overall attitude that [q2o1answer] people have towards [q2o2answer] people in the context of exchange?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neutral,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,BH,DEM18,,19. How do [q2o1answer] people view themselves overall in relation to [q2o2answer] people in the context of exchange?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Scalar,[q2o1answer] see themselves as very superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as neither superior nor inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as very inferior to [q2o2answer],NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,BI,DEM05,,20. What language do [q2o1answer] people expect to be used when interacting with [q2o2answer] people through practices of exchange?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,O1,DEM14,,21. What language do [q2o1answer] people typically speak during practices of exchange with [q2o2answer] people?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,O2,DEM15,,22. Do [q2o1answer] people typically simplify their [q2o1answer] language when speaking with [q2o2answer] people during practices of Exchange?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Types,Yes,No,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,O3,DEM16,,"23. Typically in the context of exchange practices, how fluently to [q2o1answer] people speak the [q2o2answer] language?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Scalar,Very fluently,Fluently,Somewhat fluently,A little fluently,Not fluently at all,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,I1,DEM12,,24. What language do [q2o2answer] people typically speak to [q2o1answer] people during practices of exchange?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,I2,DEM13,,"25. Typically in contexts of exchange practices, how well do [q2o1answer] people understand the [q2o2answer] language?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Types,Very well,Well,Somewhat,Poorly,Very poorly,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T1,DEM06,,26. How much do [q2o1answer] children participate in practices of exchange?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Scalar,They practically always participate,They participate a lot,They participate somewhat,They participate a little,They practically never participate,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T6,DEM39,DEM39-1,"27. Child socialisation. Typically during practices of exchange, do adults other than the parents look after children up to five year of age?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T6,DEM39,DEM39-2,"27. Child socialisation. Typically during practices of exchange, do parents look after children up to five year of age?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T6,DEM39,DEM39-3,"27. Child socialisation. Typically during practices of exchange, do children from sibling-kin groups look after children up to five year of age?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T6,DEM39,DEM39-4,"27. Child socialisation. Typically during practices of exchange, do children up to five year of age look after each other as part of the same peer group?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T11,DEM20,,"28. Typically, how much supervision do adults provide to children during practices of exchange?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Scalar,Constant supervision,A lot of supervision,Some supervision,Little supervision,No supervision at all,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T2,DEM21,,29. What language do [q2o2answer] adults typically speak to [q2o1answer] children during practices of exchange?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T4,DEM22,,"30. Typically, what language do [q2o1answer] children prefer to speak with [q2o2answer] adults in the context of exchange?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T5,DEM25,,"31. Typically, what language do [q2o1answer] children speak to [q2o2answer] children during practices of exchange?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Types,There are no [q2o2answer] children in the domain of exchange,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D1,DEM26,DEM26-1,"32. Marrying out: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody outside their village or other kind of local community?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D1,DEM26,DEM26-2,"32. Marrying out: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody outside their descent group or clan?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D1,DEM26,DEM26-3,"32. Marrying out: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody outside their designated marriage group such as a moiety?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D1,DEM26,DEM26-4,"32. Marrying out: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody outside their hierarchical social group such as class or caste?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D1,DEM26,DEM26-5,"32. Marrying out: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody outside their linguistic group?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D1,DEM27,DEM27-1,"33. Marrying within: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody from the same village or other kind of local community?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D1,DEM27,DEM27-2,"33. Marrying within: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody from the same descent group or clan?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D1,DEM27,DEM27-3,"33. Marrying within: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody from the same designated marriage group such as a moiety?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D1,DEM27,DEM27-4,"33. Marrying within: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody from the same hierarchical social group such as class or caste?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D1,DEM27,DEM27-5,"33. Marrying within: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody from the same linguistic group?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D1,DEM28,DEM28-1,34. Polygyny. Is polygyny possible for [q2o1answer] men?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D1,DEM28,DEM28-2,34. Polygyny. Is polygyny possible for [q2o2answer] men?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D1,DEM28,DEM28-3,34. Polygyny. Is polygyny possible for men from all societal strata?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D1,DEM29,DEM29-1,35. Polyandry. Is polyandry possible for [q2o1answer] women?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D1,DEM29,DEM29-2,35. Polyandry. Is polyandry possible for [q2o2answer] women?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D1,DEM29,DEM29-3,"35. Polyandry. If possible, is polyandry of fraternal type?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D1,DEM29,DEM29-4,"35. Polyandry. If possible, is polyandry of non-fraternal type?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D1,DEM37,DEM37-1,36. What type of marriage payments and transfers are expected when [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] marry? Bride wealth,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D1,DEM37,DEM37-2,36. What type of marriage payments and transfers are expected when [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] marry? Dowry,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D1,DEM37,DEM37-3,36. What type of marriage payments and transfers are expected when [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] marry? Other,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DEM31,DEM31-1,37. Intermarriage. Is it typical for [q2o1answer] men to marry [q2o2answer] women?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DEM31,DEM31-2,37. Intermarriage. Is it typical for [q2o1answer] women to marry [q2o2answer] men?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D6,DEM32,,38. Where do marriage ceremonies between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] take place?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Types,At places which belong to the [q2o1answer],At places which belong to the [q2o2answer],At places which belong to some other group,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,S5,DEM34,,39. How would you rate the overall relationship between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people in practices of marriage exchanges?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Scalar,Friendly,Somewhat friendly,Neutral,Somewhat hostile,Hostile,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,S6,DEM42,,40. What is the proportion of total [q2o1answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o2answer] people in the context of marriage exchanges?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,S7,DEM43,,41. What is the proportion of total [q2o2answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o1answer] people in the context of marriage exchanges? ,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,BA,DEM35,,42. What is the overall attitude that [q2o1answer] people have towards [q2o2answer] people in practices of marriage exchanges?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neutral,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,BH,DEM36,,"43. How do [q2o1answer] people view themselves overall in relation to [q2o2answer] people, within the context of marriage?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Scalar,[q2o1answer] see themselves as very superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as neither superior nor inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as very inferior to [q2o2answer],NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,BI,DEM33,,44. What language do [q2o1answer] people expect to be used in marriage ceremonies with [q2o2answer] people?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T6,DEM30,DEM30-1,45. Does marriage impose any child rearing obligations for both parents and grandparents on both sides?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T6,DEM30,DEM30-2,"45. Does marriage impose any child rearing obligations for one parent, and grandparents on both sides?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T6,DEM30,DEM30-3,"45. Does marriage impose any child rearing obligations for one parent, and grandparents on that side?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T6,DEM30,DEM30-4,"45. Does marriage impose any child rearing obligations for one parent, and grandparents from the other side?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,E1,DEM96,,"46. List any other groups that the [q2o1answer] practiced Social Exchange with in the past, in so far as you believe this had linguistic consequences for the [q2o1answer] language. Where possible, please also give an indication of when this contact through Social Exchange practices happened. ",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,E4,DEM97,,47. What type of data informed your answers to the questions in the domain of social exchange overall? ,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,TypesMultiple,Impressions from my own fieldwork with the exact or related community,Reports from language consultants,Published or ongoing research project of my own on topics covered in this questionnaire,Published material by linguists,Published materials by other researchers in other fields,Other,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,E5,DEM98,,48. How certain are you in your responses for the domain of social exchange?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,E6,DEM99,,49. List any comments or notes that you feel are relevant to this section of the questionnaire.,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DEM,2,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,P1,DFK00,,"2. Do [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry each other, or have they done so in the past?",No,"In traditional tribal societies like that of the Santali marriage outside the group, especially with the non-tribals like the Bengali people is socially forbidden. If it at all occurs it is in the individual level and the society as a whole is not involved in the marriage and the marriage is not socially recognized. The persons involved are socially ostracized.",Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,P2,DFK0a,,2. How long have [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] peoples been forming families with each other for?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,P2N,DFK0aN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,P3,DFK0b,,3. What’s the time frame of densest contact between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] as far as family formation is concerned?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,P3N,DFK0bN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,P4,DFK01,,"4. What other languages, if any, are spoken between family members?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D6,DFK35,,5. What is the typical pattern of relocation for [q2o1answer] women when starting a new family?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Scalar,[q2o1answer] women practically always relocate to [q2o2answer] locations,[q2o1answer] women often relocate to [q2o2answer] locations,[q2o1answer] women sometimes relocate to [q2o2answer] locations,[q2o1answer] women rarely relocate to [q2o2answer] locations,[q2o1answer] women practically never relocate to [q2o2answer] locations,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D6,DFK39,,6. What is the typical pattern of relocation for [q2o2answer] women when starting a new family? ,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Scalar,[q2o2answer] women practically always relocate to [q2o1answer] locations,[q2o2answer] women often relocate to [q2o1answer] locations,[q2o2answer] women sometimes relocate to [q2o1answer] locations,[q2o2answer] women rarely relocate to [q2o1answer] locations,[q2o2answer] women practically never relocate to [q2o1answer] locations,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D1,DFK02,DFK02-1,7. Do mothers form a co-residential unit with their children and their husbands?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D1,DFK02,DFK02-2,7. Do mothers form a co-residential unit with their children and their mothers?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D1,DFK02,DFK02-3,7. Do mothers form a co-residential unit with their children and their mother in laws?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D10,DFK40,,8. Do [q2o1answer] people experience family life differently depending on social group?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,S1,DFK03,,"9. Typically, how much of their lives do spouses spend with each other during the course of their lifetime?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Scalar,Practically all their lives,Much of their lives,Some of their lives,A little of their lives,Practically none of their lives,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,S4,DFK37,,10. How physically proximate to each other are the households of the husband and wife?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Scalar,Very proximate to each other,Proximate to each other,Somewhat proximate to each other,Far from each other,Very far from each other,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,BA,DFK16,,11. What is the overall level of affection that the [q2o1answer] person has towards their [q2o2answer] spouse?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Scalar,Very affectionate,Affectionate,Neutral,Unaffectionate,Very unaffectionate,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,O1,DFK06,,12. What language do [q2o1answer] people typically speak with their [q2o2answer] spouse?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,O2,DFK07,,13. Do [q2o1answer] people typically simplify their [q2o1answer] language when speaking with their [q2o2answer] spouse?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Types,Yes,No,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,O3,DFK08,,"14. Typically in the domain of family, how fluently to [q2o1answer] people speak the [q2o2answer] language?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Scalar,Very fluently,Fluently,Somewhat fluently,A little fluently,Not fluently at all,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,I1,DFK09,,15. What language do [q2o2answer] people typically speak with their [q2o1answer] spouse?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,I2,DFK10,,"16. Typically in the domain of family, how well do [q2o1answer] people understand the [q2o2answer] language?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Scalar,Very well,Well,Somewhat,Poorly,Very poorly,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T6,DFK04,DFK04-1,"17. Looking after children. Typically, do fathers look after children up to five year of age?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T6,DFK04,DFK04-2,"17. Looking after children. Typically, do mothers primarily look after children up to five year of age?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T6,DFK04,DFK04-3,17. Looking after children. Do adults other than the parents look after children up to five year of age?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T6,DFK04,DFK04-4,17. Looking after children. Do children from sibling-kin groups look after children up to five year of age?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T6,DFK04,DFK04-5,17. Looking after children. Do children up to five year of age look after each other as part of the same peer group?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T11,DFK24,,"18. Typically, how much supervision do grandparents provide to children?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Scalar,Constant supervision,A lot of supervision,Some supervision,Little supervision,No supervision at all,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,BI,DFK05,,19. What language are children expected to speak to their [q2o2answer] parent?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T7,DFK20,,20. What language do [q2o1answer] parents typically speak with their children?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T8,DFK21,,21. What language do [q2o2answer] parents typically speak with their children?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T9,DFK22,,22. What language do children typically speak with their [q2o1answer] parent?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T10,DFK23,,23. What language do children typically speak with their [q2o2answer] parent?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T2,DFK25,,24. What language do [q2o2answer] grandparent/aunts/uncles typically speak to the children?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T4,DFK26,,"25. Typically, what language do [q2o1answer] children speak with their [q2o2answer] grandparents/aunts/uncles?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D9,DFK38,DFK38-1,26. Are any of the following features characteristic when speaking to one’s [q2o2answer] in-laws? Lexical avoidance,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D9,DFK38,DFK38-2,26. Are any of the following features characteristic when speaking to one’s [q2o2answer] in-laws? The use of certain morphosyntactic forms,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D9,DFK38,DFK38-3,26. Are any of the following features characteristic when speaking to one’s [q2o2answer] in-laws? The use of certain pronominal forms,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,S1,DFK12,,"27. Thinking about the [q2o1answer] person and their [q2o2answer] in-laws, how often would they typically meet?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Scalar,Very often,Often,Sometimes,Rarely,Very rarely,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,S3,DFK15,,28. How many people are typically involved in interactions between a [q2o1answer] person and their [q2o2answer] in-laws?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Scalar,Interactions are practically always under 5 people,Interactions are often under 5 people,Interactions are sometimes under 5 people,Interactions are rarely under 5 people,Interactions are practically never under 5 people,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,S4,DFK11,,29. How physically proximate to each other are a [q2o1answer] person and their [q2o2answer] in-laws?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Scalar,Very proximate to each other,Proximate to each other,Somewhat proximate to each other,Far from each other,Very far from each other,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,S5,DFK14,,30. How would you rate the overall relationship between a [q2o1answer] person and their [q2o2answer] in-laws?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Scalar,Friendly,Somewhat friendly,Neutral,Somewhat hostile,Hostile,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,BA,DFK33,,31. What is the overall attitude that a [q2o1answer] person has towards their [q2o2answer] in-laws?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neutral,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,O1,DFK30,,32. Your child has married a [q2o2answer] person. What language do you typically speak when speaking with your [q2o2answer] son/daughter-in-law?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,O2,DFK31,,"33. Typically, does a [q2o1answer] person simplify their [q2o1answer] language when speaking to their [q2o2answer] in-laws?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Types,Yes,No,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,O3,DFK32,,"34. Typically, how fluently does a [q2o1answer] person speak the [q2o2answer] language when speaking to their [q2o2answer] in-laws?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Scalar,Very fluently,Fluently,Somewhat fluently,A little fluently,Not fluently at all,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,I1,DFK28,,"35. Your child has married a [q2o2answer] person. What language does your child’s spouse typically speak to you, a [q2o1answer] person?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,I2,DFK29,,"36. Typically, how well does a [q2o1answer] person understand the [q2o2answer] in-law’s language?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Scalar,Very well,Well,Somewhat,Poorly,Very poorly,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,I1,DFK34,,37. You have married a [q2o2answer] person. What language do you typically speak to your [q2o2answer] in-laws (your spouse’s parents and siblings)?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,I2,DFKXX,,"37b. Typically, how well does a [q2o1answer] person understand the [q2o2answer] in-law’s language?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Scalar,Very well,Well,Somewhat,Poorly,Very poorly,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,E1,DFK96,,38. Who do [q2o1answer] people typically form families with besides [q2o2answer] people?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Types,Other [q2o1answer] people,People from other groups,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,E4,DFK97,,"39. What type of data informed your answers to the questions in the domain of family and kin, overall?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,TypesMultiple,Impressions from my own fieldwork with the exact or related community,Reports from language consultants,Published or ongoing research project of my own on topics covered in this questionnaire,Published material by linguists,Published materials by other researchers in other fields,Other,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,E5,DFK98,,40. How certain are you in your responses for the domain of family and kin?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,E6,DFK99,,41. List any comments or notes that you feel are relevant to this section of the questionnaire.,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DFK,2,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,P1,DLB00,,1. Has work ever been a relevant domain of contact between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer]?,Yes,"This is essentially a relevant domain of interaction as a majority of the Santali people has to work in agricultural production sites, rice mills and recently construction sites owned or managed by the Bengali people. Here, as Bengali people are also engaged as labours or managers and the owners are predominantly Bengali people both the people have to come in contact on daily basis.",Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,P2,DLB0a,,2. How long have [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people worked together for?,"The Santali and the Bengali people have been working together  approximately for the last 150 years, specifically since 1872, with the establishment of the tea gardens in Jalpaiguri district and the contiguous Terai (plains) region of Darjeeling district in the state of West Bengal. The Sardars (Headmen) were employed to recruit labours for tea plantation from the tribal areas of Central India. The Santals (not individual but the whole families) were brought in the plantation sites as labours.",Tea plantation in West Bengal started more than a decade after it was started in Assam in 1858. The district of Jalpaiguri and the Terai (plains) areas of the Darjeeling district was possibly chosen as the areas were contiguous to Bhutan and Nepal and the climate was and still is conducive for tea plantation. When the Santals were brought in to the plantation sites contact was marginal as different ethnic groups like Santals and others settled in jhupries (huts) wide apart from the other. Contact used to take place only while working in the tea gardens.,Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,P2N,DLB0aN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",1872-2020,NA,Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,P3,DLB0b,,3. What is the time frame when the largest number of people had the most opportunities for interaction in the labour domain?,Since independence of India in 1947.,"Earlier, especially till late-19th century the Santali people, in general, were hunter gatherers, concentrating in the jungles and hilly areas and  isolated themselves from the neighbouring non-tribal people. After independence of India in 1947 the predominantly tribal areas were open to the other communities, here the Bengali people by a constitutional provision Schedule V which declares the central Indian tribal areas as mixed zone where any Indian can own land, build their residence and settle. Since that time under constitutional provision/ pressure the period of isolation of the Santali people was over. They had to mix and interact with the neighbouring non-Santal communities, especially Bengali people, interact with the Bengali people in large scale, in local markets, shops and agricultural fields.",Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,P3N,DLB0bN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",1947-2020,NA,Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,P4,DLB01,,"4. What other languages, if any, are spoken in the labour domain?","Sadri, Mundari, Kurukh,  Bhumij and Koda.","Sadri, Mundari and Kurukh in the tea plantation areas in the northern parts (Jalpaiguri and the Terai and hill slopes of Darjeeling districts) in West Bengal.
Mundari, Bhumij, Koda in tilling, pond digging and rice mills in the southern parts of West Bengal, mainly in Burdwan, Hooghly, Birbhum districts.",Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D1,DLB02,,5. How commonly are [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people involved in public modes of production?,Very commonly,The contact between the Santali people and the Bengali people is very common in the agricultural production sites and rice mills owned by the Bengali people. The Santali people migrate from their place of residence to other regions dominated by the majority Bengali people. Both men and women are involved in these modes of production. Even in '100 days work in a year' project initiated by the government the Santali people work together with the local Bengali people for wage in neighbouring areas.,Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Scalar,Very commonly,Commonly,Somewhat commonly,Uncommonly,Very uncommonly,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D4,DLB04,,6. Is there hierarchy involved in work?,Yes,"In the agricultural production sites the Santali people are predominantly labours (the Bengali people below poverty line are also involved as labours) and the Bengali people are the owners and managers/ supervisors. In the rice mills too, the Bengali people are the owners and the managers and the Santali people are labours.",Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D6,DLB05,,7. Where do [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people typically work together?,At places which belong to the [q2o2answer],Most of the Santali people being economically weaker have to seasonally (three to six months a year) migrate to other districts of West Bengal in search of work and the other districts are often away from their own area of concentration and dominated by the majority Bengali people. Even if they work in their own district the land for agricultural production belongs mostly to the Bengali people. In pastures of their surrounding residence the Santali boys are employed by the rich Bengali speaking Mahato community to graze their cattle.,Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Types,At places which belong to the [q2o1answer],At places which belong to the [q2o2answer],At places which belong to some other group,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D11,DLB29,,8. How much influence can the [q2o1answer] exert over the terms of work?,Influence is somewhat exerted,"As the Santali people are the main labour force and are hardworking  the owners/ managers have to depend much on them to get their work done. In the process, for better communication, to please the labour force (here the Santali people) and to extract maximum amount of work the owners/ managers acquire working knowledge in Santali language. It is a great pleasure for the Santali people to see the owner/ manager speaking in their language. Sometimes it also happens the Santali people communicate much if the owner/ manager speaks in Santali (mixed Santali). Greater is the process of acquisition of Santali by the Bengali people better is the density of intimacy and communication. In the process there develops a type of communicative language which is a mixture of Santali and Bengali. In the process the Santali people exert over the terms of work.",Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Scalar,Influence is practically always exerted,Influence is very much exerted,Influence is somewhat exerted,Influence is exerted very little,Influence is practically never exerted,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D9,DLB06,,9. Are there any speech styles used during work?,Yes,Mixed variety of Bengali and Santali is used during work.,Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D12,DLB31,,"10. How often are these speech styles typically used during work, in comparison with unmonitored speech?",Sometimes,Between themselves the Santali people use Santali and with Bengali people a mixed variety of Santali and Bengali.,Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Scalar,Always,Sometimes,As much as unmonitored speech,Rarely,Never,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DLB03,DLB03-1,"11. Involvement in work. Does involvement in work differ based on hierarchies associated to profession or wealth, such as a person's class and caste?",No,"Categories seven and eight are relevant for Santali. [For Bengali, categories 1, 4, 5, 6, and 7 are relevant]",Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DLB03,DLB03-2,"11. Involvement in work. Does involvement in work differ based on whether a person belongs to some magico-religiously sanctioned group, such as religious denomination?",No,[See above],Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DLB03,DLB03-3,"11. Involvement in work. Does involvement in work domain differ based on a person's descent group, such as clan, house, lineage group, kinship group?",No,[See above],Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DLB03,DLB03-4,"11. Involvement in work. Does involvement in work domain differ based on a person’s group of land ownership, such as tribe, clan, territorial group?",No,[See above],Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DLB03,DLB03-5,"11. Involvement in work. Does involvement in work differ based on a person’s race, ethnicity, or some other similar grouping?",No,[See above],Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DLB03,DLB03-6,11. Involvement in work. Does involvement in work differ based on a person’s age or life stage?,No,[See above],Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DLB03,DLB03-7,11. Involvement in work. Does involvement in work differ based on a person’s place identity and affiliation?,Yes,[See above],Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DLB03,DLB03-8,11. Involvement in work. Does involvement in work differ based on a person’s sex or gender?,Yes,[See above],Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DLB03,DLB03-9,11. Involvement in work. Does involvement in work differ based on any other communities of practice?,No,[See above],Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D10,DLB30,,12. Do [q2o1answer] people experience work differently depending on social group?,Yes,Neighbour group and focus group men socialize but not women. Contact between the two groups occurs through male adults or through neighbour group adult women marrying in the local community of the focus group. [Responding focusing on the following social group/s:] Male folk,Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,S1,DLB07,,13. How often do [q2o1answer] people work with [q2o2answer] people?,Very often,"The Santali people work with the Bengali people at least three to four months a year, 3-4 weeks for sowing paddy seedlings, 3-4 weeks for paddy harvesting, 2-3 weeks for sowing potato seeds, 2-3 weeks for potato harvesting, 2-3 weeks for sowing summer paddy and 2-3 weeks for harvesting summer paddy.",Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Scalar,Very often,Often,Sometimes,Rarely,Very rarely,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,S3,DLB09,,14. How many people are typically involved in interactions between [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people when working?,Interactions are sometimes under 5 people,Interactions under 5 people take place when they work in pairs. When they work in large groups their interactions are beyond 5.,Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Scalar,Interactions are practically always under 5 people,Interactions are often under 5 people,Interactions are sometimes under 5 people,Interactions are rarely under 5 people,Interactions are practically never under 5 people,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,S4,DLB10,,15. How physically proximate to each other are people when working?,Proximate to each other,"While working together in the same agricultural production sites the male folk are more proximate to the neighbour group people than the female folk. No effort is required for reaching out to the male labour, but some sort of effort is needed for reaching out to the female folk as they are somewhat reserved. Normally they maintain physical distance from the people of other communities, here Bengali people. Even while working in the same production sites the Santali women form separate rows alongside the Santali male labours, the Bengali labours form separate rows after that. Formation of the rows are like, the Santali women are in the left, the Santali male in the centre and the Bengali male/ female on the right.",Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Scalar,Very proximate to each other,Proximate to each other,Somewhat proximate to each other,Far from each other,Very far from each other,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,S5,DLB11,,16. How would you rate the overall relationship between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people involved in work?,Somewhat friendly,The Santali labours maintain friendly relationship with the Bengali labours so long as they are in the production site. They are interested in wages in exchange of their labour. Once they get it they are satisfied. For enjoyment they are closeted within their own group.,Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Scalar,Friendly,Somewhat friendly,Neutral,Somewhat hostile,Hostile,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,S6,DLB27,,"17. What is the proportion of total [q2o1answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o2answer] people, in work?",Many people,60-65 % of the total Santali population who are below poverty line have opportunities for contact with the Bengali people.,Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,S7,DLB28,,"18. What is the proportion of total [q2o2answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o1answer] people, in work?",Some people,As the weaker section and low caste people of the Bengali community are engaged in menial labour it is practically 30 to 40% of the total Bengali people who have opportunities for contact with the Santali people.,Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,BA,DLB22,,19. What is the overall attitude that [q2o1answer] people have towards [q2o2answer] people in work?,Positive,They have to maintain positive attitude as they know they have to depend on the majority Bengali people for their sustenance and any kind of hostility might end in disaster.,Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neutral,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,BH,DLB23,,"20. How do [q2o1answer] people view themselves overall in relation to [q2o2answer] people, within the context of work?",[q2o1answer] see themselves as neither superior nor inferior to [q2o2answer],The Santali society and their psyche is based on and nurtured around equitable relationship; hence superior-inferior dichotomy is baseless to them in labour domain.,Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Scalar,[q2o1answer] see themselves as very superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as neither superior nor inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as very inferior to [q2o2answer],NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,BI,DLB25,,21. What language do [q2o1answer] people expect to be used when working with [q2o2answer] people?,This is highly contextual,A mixed variety of Santali and Bengali which is understandable to them.,Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,O1,DLB32,,22. What language do [q2o1answer] people typically speak when working with [q2o2answer] people?,This is highly contextual,The Santali people use a mixed variety of Santali and Bengali while speaking with the Bengali people and among themselves speak Santali.,Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,O2,DLB13,,23. Do [q2o1answer] people typically simplify their language when working with [q2o2answer] people?,This is highly contextual,"While the male labours simplify their language to reach out to the Bengali people and to make themselves understood by the neighbour group, say, Bengali, the female labours hardly simplify their language as their interaction with the Bengali people is somewhat limited.",Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Types,Yes,No,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,O3,DLB14,,"24. Typically in work, how fluently do [q2o1answer] people speak the [q2o2answer] language?",Somewhat fluently,To make themselves appreciated and understood by the neighbour group they sometimes try to speak with somewhat fluency. But lack of thorough knowledge of Bengali grammatical markers and idioms hinder their fluency to a great extent.,Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Scalar,Very fluently,Fluently,Somewhat fluently,A little fluently,Not fluently at all,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,I1,DLB15,,25. What language do [q2o2answer] people typically speak when working with [q2o1answer] people?,This is highly contextual,"Initially the Bengali language as the Bengali people have a sense of superiority and believe anybody residing in Bengal should speak and comprehend Bengali language. (The respondent  has experience of a situation when a primary school teacher was rebuking a Santali child for not speaking Bengali in proper way.)  But in due course when the Bengali people understand that it is very essential for them to speak a little bit of Santali particularly in the lexical level they start acquiring and using the same, resulting in a mixed variety of Bengali and Santali.",Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,I2,DLB16,,"26. Typically in work, how well do [q2o1answer] people understand the [q2o2answer] language?",Well,"The focus group people comprehend Bengali as they often encounter Bengali in the neighbouring areas of their own place of residence, in shops and weekly markets in their own areas.",Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Scalar,Very well,Well,Somewhat,Poorly,Very poorly,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T1,DLB17,,27. How much do [q2o1answer] children participate in work?,They participate a little,"Generally, the Santali children are not involved in hard labour. They sometimes work in the pastures for cattle grazing. In such case also they hardly engage themselves in interactions.",Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Scalar,They practically always participate,They participate a lot,They participate somewhat,They participate a little,They practically never participate,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T6,DLB21,DLB21-1,"28. Looking after children during work. Typically, do adults other than the parents look after children up to five year of age during work?",No,,Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T6,DLB21,DLB21-2,"28. Looking after children during work. Typically, do parents look after children up to five year of age during work?",No,,Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T6,DLB21,DLB21-3,"28. Looking after children during work. Typically, do children from sibling-kin groups look after children up to five year of age during work?",Yes,,Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T6,DLB21,DLB21-4,"28. Looking after children during work. Typically, do children up to five year of age look after each other as part of the same peer group during work?",No,,Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T11,DLB26,,"29. Typically, how much supervision do adults provide to children in work?",Some supervision,Group identity does not matter in this case.,Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Scalar,Constant supervision,A lot of supervision,Some supervision,Little supervision,No supervision at all,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T2,DLB18,,30. What language do [q2o2answer] adults typically speak to a [q2o1answer] children in work?,This is highly contextual,"Code mixing takes place in the interaction between the Bengali adults and Santali children. As the Santali children are basically monolingual the Bengali adults have to use a style of language that has some Santali key words, rest part of the sentences is Bengali.",Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T4,DLB19,,"31. Typically, what language do [q2o1answer] children from four/five year of age prefer to speak with [q2o2answer] adults in work?",This is highly contextual,The Santali children at the age four/five are basically monolingual as they have lesser scope/ intention of mixing with people from other community. Even their playmates are from their own community. After four/five year of age when they start working under Bengali speaking Mahoto landlords as cattle grazer initially they start interaction with the landlords in Santali. Gradually they acquire working knowledge in Bengali.,Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T5,DLB20,,"32. Typically, what language would a [q2o1answer] child speak to [q2o2answer] children in work?",The [q2o1answer] language,"As the Santali children are basically monolinguals and are hardly interested in mixing with the Bengali children they rarely interact with the Bengali children. Even if they have to do under duress they interact in their own mother tongue, that is, Santali.",Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Types,[q2o1answer] children do not interact with [q2o2answer] children,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,E1,DLB96,,"33. List any other groups that the [q2o1answer] people worked with in the past. List any other group in so far as you believe they had linguistic consequences for the [q2o1answer] language. Where possible, please also give an indication of when this interaction happened.","Hindi and Odia speaking people.
Worked with Hindi speaking people before 1956 when reorganization of states took place.
Worked with Odia speaking people till 1912 when Odisha and Bihar were parts of Greater Bengal.
In 1912 Bihar and Odisha were separated from Bengal.
Moreover, the Santali people residing in West Bengal have relatives and acquaintances in Jharkhand, Bihar and Odisha, who are Santali-Odia and Santali-Hindi bilinguals. The Santali people of West Bengal also visit these states and sometimes work with the Odia speaking and Hindi speaking people.",NA,Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,E4,DLB97,,"34. What type of data informed your answers to the questions in the domain of labour, overall?",Impressions from my own fieldwork with the exact or related community Reports from language consultants,NA,Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,TypesMultiple,Impressions from my own fieldwork with the exact or related community,Reports from language consultants,Published or ongoing research project of my own on topics covered in this questionnaire,Published material by linguists,Published materials by other researchers in other fields,Other,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,E5,DLB98,,35. How certain are you in your responses for the domain of labour?,Certain,NA,Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,E6,DLB99,,36. List any comments or notes that you feel are relevant to this section of the questionnaire.,"A good number of the Santali people are basically migrant labours from their place of residence in the border areas of Bankura, Midnapur (later divided in three districts, viz. East Medinipur, West Medinipur and Jhargram), Purulia (erstwhile Manbhum) and Birbhum districts to southern parts of West Bengal (especially Hooghly, Howrah, Burdwan).
Majority of them still migrate seasonally, thrice or four times a year, duration of each time ranges from three to four weeks, in some cases four to six weeks. At the end of each season, they get back to their own places of residence.
Some have also settled permanently in the southern parts of West Bengal where Bengali speaking people are the majority, say, Hooghly, Howrah, South 24-Parganas and Nadia districts.

Of the many tribal problems, the greatest of all is poverty. It is a historical reality. The central Indian tribal areas were inhabited by many tribes, especially the Santali people. The industrial invasion, especially after the independence of India in 1947 and reorganization of the state borders in 1956 many tribes had to be displaced in the name of development and better administration. As a result, the Santali people like many other tribes were dispersed in many states including predominantly Bengali speaking West Bengal. While their earlier settlements were typically inhabited by the tribals, especially the Santali people their new settlements were in the mixed zones, inhabited by both the Santali and non-Santali (here mostly Bengali) people.  As a result of their dispersal means of livelihood were severely affected and they had no other alternative but to sell their labour to non-Santali people (mostly Bengali people) in the neighbouring and far off areas within West Bengal. A tribe like the Santals became labours from hunter-gatherers, labours in the agricultural fields, rice mills, and recently in construction sites. The result was the emergence of contact situation. Moreover, for their needs they have to visit local shops and weekly markets owned and run by the Bengali people. In schools and colleges, the Santali children, boys and girls have to mix and interact with the Bengali boys and girls as the schools and colleges enroll both Bengali and Santali wards, except a handful tribal schools which are meant for the tribal students. Hence outside their home domain they always have to interact with the Bengali people for any kind of engagement. Language Contact is therefore the norm and bilingualism and sometimes trilingualism is regular among the Santals. Though bi-/trilingualism is rampant it does not necessarily lead to language shift and that can be illustrated by the decennial growth of Santali speakers in West Bengal, as also in India. this type of bi-/trilingualism is described as 'non-competing and non-conflicting type of grass-root bilingualism' (Srivastava 1977) or 'functional bilingualism' (Abbi 1986) Actually in a multilingual country like India where bi-/multilingualism is the norm contact does not necessarily create a hindrance to language maintenance as here 'language maintenance is the norm and shift is an exception' (Pandit 1977:9)",NA,Arun Ghosh,DLB,1,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,P1,DLC00,,1. Has the local community ever been a relevant domain of contact between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer]?,Yes,"The Santali people being settled in the vicinity of Bengali neighbourhood has contact with the latter in the local community, though not in large numbers, contact between male members of both Santali and Bengali is greater than the female members, especially Santali women consider Bengalies as alien.",Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,P2,DLC0a,,2. How long have [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people been in contact in the local community?,Last sixty/seventy years.,"Prior to 1950 though the Santali people were residing in the bordering districts, like Bankura, Midnapur (Medinipur), Purulia, Birbhum and other areas of West Bengal their contact in the local community with the Bengali people was not remarkable. They used to settle in isolated settlements away from the Bengali locality. There was hardly any chance or intention of mixing with the Bengali people. No scope of regular contact between the focus group, here Santali and the neighbour group, here Bengali. With the course of time isolation of the Santali people has come down significantly. Both the groups now reside in the same village.",Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,P2N,DLC0aN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",1950-2020,NA,Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,P3,DLC0b,,3. What is the time frame when the largest number of people had the most opportunities for interaction in the local community?,Since late 60s and early 70s of the last centuries when both the groups came in greater contact under the influence of the Leftist parties and its leaders.,Since that time their isolation was breached as the Bengali community started encroaching the tribal areas and the Santali people started coming down to settle in the vicinity of the Bengali settlements for their existence and better living.,Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,P3N,DLC0bN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",1970-2020,NA,Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,P4,DLC01,,"4. What other languages, if any, are spoken in the local community?","Mundari
Koda
Both languages belong to the Munda group of the Austroasiatic family of languages and are related to Santali.","The Munda and the Koda people are related tribes and used to settle in the Santali villages and their contact with the Santali in local community was/is regular. (All these groups, say, Santali, Munda and koda belong to Austroasiatic family). Mundari and Koda languages are regularly spoken in the local community.",Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D1,DLC02,,5. Choose one of the following where [q2o1answer] people are most likely to speak in an unmonitored way.,Neighbourhood or village,"Here contact occurs not only in villages (a rural unit where both the groups, also others reside), also in suburbs of Kolkata city where large number of people belonging to both the groups settle for working purpose. The working group consists mainly of police personnel.",Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Types,Nuclear Family,Band,Neighbourhood or village,Town or city,Other,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D6,DLC28,,6. Where do [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people typically meet up in the local community?,This is highly contextual,"People meet in the mixed localities either for chat or playing cards or drinking or smoking. Locus of assemblage is not fixed, not in shops or clubs. It may either by roadside or open field or ground.",Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Types,At places which belong to the [q2o1answer],At places which belong to the [q2o2answer],At places which belong to some other group,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D11,DLC27,,7. How much influence can the [q2o1answer] exert over [q2o2answer] in the activities of the local community?,Influence is exerted very little,Here focus group people have limited say that may or may not go through.,Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Scalar,Influence is practically always exerted,Influence is very much exerted,Influence is somewhat exerted,Influence is exerted very little,Influence is practically never exerted,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DLC25,DLC25-1,"8. Involvement in the Local Community. Does involvement in the local community differ based on hierarchies associated to profession or wealth, such as a person's class and caste?",No,In the villages lower class Santals more often meet lower class Bengali people for drinking. Younger generation and middle-aged Santali people meet for chatting and playing. In the suburbs class difference does not matter either for drinking or smoking. Again people (both Santali and Bengali) from a particular village or district (a revenue unit) often meet together in the suburban area. Women are excluded from this particular domain.,Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DLC25,DLC25-2,"8. Involvement in the Local Community. Does involvement in the local community differ based on whether a person belongs to some magico-religiously sanctioned group, such as religious denomination?",No,[See above],Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DLC25,DLC25-3,"8. Involvement in the Local Community. Does involvement in the local community differ based on a person's descent group, such as clan, house, lineage group, kinship group?",No,[See above],Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DLC25,DLC25-4,"8. Involvement in the Local Community. Does involvement in the local community differ based on a person’s group of land ownership, such as tribe, clan, territorial group?",No,[See above],Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DLC25,DLC25-5,"8. Involvement in the Local Community. Does involvement in the local community differ based on a person’s race, ethnicity, or some other similar grouping?",No,[See above],Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DLC25,DLC25-6,8. Involvement in the Local Community. Does involvement in the local community differ based on a person’s age or life stage?,Yes,[See above],Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DLC25,DLC25-7,8. Involvement in the Local Community. Does involvement in the local community differ based on a person’s place identity and affiliation?,Yes,[See above],Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DLC25,DLC25-8,8. Involvement in the Local Community. Does involvement in the local community differ based on a person’s sex or gender?,Yes,[See above],Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DLC25,DLC25-9,8. Involvement in the Local Community. Does involvement in the local community differ based on any other communities of practice?,No,[See above],Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D10,DLC29,,9. Do [q2o1answer] people experience the local community differently depending on social group?,Yes,"In this domain contact between Santali and Bengali people occurs mainly between male adults and adolescents. [Responding focusing on the following social group/s:] Male adults and adolescents.
Employed in government offices and police force.",Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,S1,DLC16,,10. How often do [q2o1answer] people interact with [q2o2answer] people in the local community?,Very often,"""A significant amount of the year"".",Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Scalar,Very often,Often,Sometimes,Rarely,Very rarely,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,S3,DLC15,,11. How many people are typically involved in interactions between [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people in the local community?,Interactions are sometimes under 5 people,,Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Scalar,Interactions are practically always under 5 people,Interactions are often under 5 people,Interactions are sometimes under 5 people,Interactions are rarely under 5 people,Interactions are practically never under 5 people,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,S4,DLC05,,12. How physically proximate to each other are people in the local community?,Proximate to each other,,Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Scalar,Very proximate to each other,Proximate to each other,Somewhat proximate to each other,Far from each other,Very far from each other,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,S5,DLC14,,13. How would you rate the overall relationship between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people in the local community?,Somewhat friendly,In this domain there is no question of solidarity or alliance.,Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Scalar,Friendly,Somewhat friendly,Neutral,Somewhat hostile,Hostile,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,S6,DLC32,,"14. What is the proportion of total [q2o1answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o2answer] people, in the form of local communities?",Few people,As the Santali women are excluded from this domain the male proportion is reduced to 50%. Of the 50% children and old men are excluded. There the proportion of Santali people having contact with the Bengali people in this domain comes to nearly 30%.,Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,S7,DLC33,,"15. What is the proportion of total [q2o2answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o1answer] people, in the form of local communities?",Few people,Here again women are excluded. Financially rich male and children do not socialize in this domain. Hence the proportion 33%.,Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,BA,DLC18,,16. What is the overall attitude that [q2o1answer] people have towards [q2o2answer] people in the local community?,Positive,The Santali people have a positive frame of mind towards the Bengali people including those who engage themselves in local community.,Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neutral,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,BH,DLC19,,"17. How do [q2o1answer] people view themselves overall in relation to [q2o2answer] people, in the context of the local community?",[q2o1answer] see themselves as neither superior nor inferior to [q2o2answer],In this domain the Santali people consider themselves as equal to the Bengali people. They do not have any doubts or inhibitions.,Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Scalar,[q2o1answer] see themselves as very superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as neither superior nor inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as very inferior to [q2o2answer],NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,BI,DLC04,,18. What language do [q2o1answer] people expect to be used with [q2o2answer] people in the local community?,This is highly contextual,"A mixed variety, a local dialect often with code-switching and code-mixing.",Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,O1,DLC11,,19. What language do [q2o1answer] people typically speak with [q2o2answer] people in the local community?,This is highly contextual,A local dialect with so much of code-switching and code-mixing.,Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,O2,DLC12,,20. Do [q2o1answer] people typically simplify their language when speaking with [q2o2answer] people in the local community?,This is highly contextual,Simplified to a certain extent for ease of communication,Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Types,Yes,No,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,O3,DLC13,,"21. Typically in the local community, how fluently do [q2o1answer] people speak the [q2o2answer] language?",A little fluently,"Fluency depends on how much the Santali people acquire the Bengali language. With little acquaintance of the grammatical structure of Bengali, especially lack of knowledge of politeness hierarchy of Bengali the Santali people often confuses with their own system of address terms which may not be understood by the Bengali people. This type of lack of knowledge of the grammatical and cultural nuances more often hampers communication. An example may be cited for understanding our point. Bengali language has three pronouns in the second person, one, tui for proximate and inferior, tumi for general and apni for distant and honour. This type of deictic differences is not there in Santali. They have only am 'you' (singular) for proximate, general or distant/ alien. While communicating with the Bengali people they thus use tui, nearer to their am 'you', without making any difference of hierarchy.",Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Scalar,Very fluently,Fluently,Somewhat fluently,A little fluently,Not fluently at all,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,I1,DLC09,,22. What language do [q2o2answer] people typically speak with [q2o1answer] people in the local community?,This is highly contextual,"A mixed variety, a local dialect, with code-switching and code-mixing.",Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,I2,DLC10,,"23. Typically in the local community, how well do [q2o1answer] people understand the [q2o2answer] language?",Well,Their understanding of Bengali is very often contextual.,Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Scalar,Very well,Well,Somewhat,Poorly,Very poorly,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T1,DLC31,,24. How much do [q2o1answer] children participate in the activities of the local community?,They practically never participate,As in other domains the Santali children do not participate in local community.,Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Scalar,They practically always participate,They participate a lot,They participate somewhat,They participate a little,They practically never participate,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T6,DLC03,DLC03-1,"25. Looking after children in the local community. Typically, do adults other than the parents look after children up to five year of age in the local community?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T6,DLC03,DLC03-2,"25. Looking after children in the local community. Typically, do parents look after children up to five year of age in the local community?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T6,DLC03,DLC03-3,"25. Looking after children in the local community. Typically, do children from sibling-kin groups look after children up to five year of age in local community?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T6,DLC03,DLC03-4,"25. Looking after children in the local community. Typically, do children up to five year of age look after each other as part of the same peer group in the local community?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T11,DLC20,,"26. Typically in the local community, how much supervision do adults provide to children’s own activities, such as playing?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Scalar,Constant supervision,A lot of supervision,Some supervision,Little supervision,No supervision at all,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T2,DLC21,,27. What language do [q2o2answer] adults typically speak to a [q2o1answer] children?,NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T4,DLC22,,"28. Typically, what language do [q2o1answer] children from four/five year of age prefer to speak with [q2o2answer] adults?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T5,DLC23,,"29. Typically, what language would a [q2o1answer] child speak to [q2o2answer] children in the local community?",NA,NA,Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Types,[q2o1answer] children do not interact with [q2o2answer] children],The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,E1,DLC96,,"30. List any other groups that the [q2o1answer] formed local communities with in the past, in so far as you believe this had linguistic consequences for the [q2o1answer] language. Where possible, please also give an indication of when this happened.","The Santali people who are now settled in West Bengal earlier formed local communities with the Hindi speaking Jharkhandies and Biharies, also with Odia speaking people before their dispersal in different places, roughly before 1912.",NA,Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,E4,DLC97,,"31. What type of data informed your answers to the questions in the domain of local community, overall?",Impressions from my own fieldwork with the exact or related community,NA,Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,TypesMultiple,Impressions from my own fieldwork with the exact or related community,Reports from language consultants,Published or ongoing research project of my own on topics covered in this questionnaire,Published material by linguists,Published materials by other researchers in other fields,Other,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,E5,DLC98,,32. How certain are you in your responses for the domain of local community?,Certain,NA,Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,E6,DLC99,,33. List any comments or notes that you feel are relevant to this section of the questionnaire.,,NA,Arun Ghosh,DLC,5,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,P1,DKN00,,1. Have [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people occupied the same spaces of knowledge transfer together?,Yes,As there was/is hardly any school/college typical for the Santali students they share same spaces of knowledge with the Bengali speaking people (mother tongue wise). The tribal schools which are there are for elementary education only.,Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,P2,DKN0a,,2. How long have [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people been involved in the knowledge domain together for?,Last sixty/seventy years.,"Spread of awareness about the importance of knowledge among the Santali people developed during the fifties of the last century. Though the converted Christians among the Santali people started visiting schools/colleges even before that, they were either interested in learning through the Bengali/ Hindi/ Odia language or through English. A sense of ignorance towards their own language grew among them, ultimately leaving their own language. As their (the Christian Santali) contact with the neighboring people did not result in any change in their language, that is, Santali, we are leaving that period as insignificant in the area of contact.",Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,P2N,DKN0aN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",1950-2020,NA,Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,P3,DKN0b,,3. What is the time frame when the largest number of people had the most opportunities for interaction in the knowledge domain?,Since 1980s,"The script ɔl ciki, a separate script for Santali (developed in 1925 by Pandit Raghunath Murmu, a Santal social reformer and writer) was recognized as a medium of instruction by the Government of West Bengal in 1979, leading to publication of text books and journals in this script. This event left an indelible impact in the mind of the Santali people and the Santali society as a whole became aware of the importance of their own language and education. They started sending their wards to the schools in large numbers which are also attended by the Bengali boys and girls. Around the same time the Santali people started entering politics in significant numbers as they thought the communist government (Left front government assumed office in 1978 in West Bengal) would address their grievances sincerely. A sense of belonging grew among them. They thought education would help them eradicate their poverty and superstition and they can also contribute in nation building. The Santali language was recognized in the 8th schedule of the Constitution of India in 2003 by the government of India. In Sahitya Academy Santali language was recognized and a separate section for Santali literature came into being. This also gave an impetus to Santali language and literature. Literature in ɔl ciki script started publishing in large numbers, Sahitya Academy started fellowships for the Santali writers. Though setting up of tribal schools was legislated during this period, not much headway was made in this respect. Therefore, Bengali medium schools and English medium schools were the main points of entry in schools, leading to regular contact with the Bengali students. From 2006 onwards Santali was recognized as a subject of study in colleges of the areas where Santali people concentrate in large numbers. In 2008-9 Santali was also recognized as a subject of study in at least two Universities in West Bengal, University of Burdwan and Vidyasagar University. A Central University like Viswa Bharati, started Santali Department much earlier.",Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,P3N,DKN0bN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",1980-2020,NA,Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,P4,DKN01,,"4. What other languages, if any, are spoken in the knowledge domain?","Hindi
English",In the three-language formula Bengali/Hindi and English are also taught alongside Santali.,Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D1,DKN02,,5. The most influential form of knowledge in this contact scenario is:,Global,"Subjects taught in the schools/college/University are general subjects like Literature, History, Geography, Political Science, Economics, Mathematics etc are shared by all irrespective of caste and creed, tribal or non-tribal.",Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Types,Global,Local,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D4,DKN04,,6. The relationship between [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people in the knowledge domain can typically be characterised as:,"[q2o2answer] people are masters, [q2o1answer] are novices",90% of the teaching community belong to the Bengali community. Only Santali language and literature is taught by the Santali teacher.,Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Types,"[q2o1answer] people are masters, [q2o2answer] are novices","[q2o2answer] people are masters, [q2o1answer] are novices",None of the above,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D6,DKN05,,7. Where does knowledge transmission between [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people typically take place?,At places which belong to the [q2o2answer],The school/college may be located in the Santali area or Bengali area or mixed area. In most cases knowledge transmission centers are located at places which belong to the Bengali.,Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Types,At places which belong to the [q2o1answer],At places which belong to the [q2o2answer],At places which belong to some other group,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D11,DKN28,,8. How much influence can the [q2o1answer] people exert over the decision of what constitutes legitimate knowledge in this domain?,Influence is exerted very little,The Santali leaders try to influence the curriculum structure but their voice is hardly taken care of.,Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Scalar,Influence is practically always exerted,Influence is very much exerted,Influence is somewhat exerted,Influence is exerted very little,Influence is practically never exerted,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D9,DKN06,,9. Are there any speech styles used in the knowledge domain?,Yes,"While the Bengali teachers use formal speech style of Bengali, response of the Focus group students is in informal style, a variety of Bengali mixed with Santali words and idioms. Pronunciation is influenced by the Santali pronunciation.",Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D12,DKN31,,"10. How often are these speech styles typically used in knowledge transmission, in comparison with unmonitored speech?",Always,,Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Scalar,Always,Sometimes,As much as unmonitored speech,Rarely,Never,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DKN03,DKN03-1,"11. Involvement in the knowledge domain. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on hierarchies associated to profession or wealth, such as a person's class and caste?",No,,Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DKN03,DKN03-2,"11. Involvement in the knowledge domain. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on whether a person belongs to some magico-religiously sanctioned group, such as religious denomination?",No,,Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DKN03,DKN03-3,"11. Involvement in the knowledge domain. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on a person's descent group, such as clan, house, lineage group, kinship group?",No,,Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DKN03,DKN03-4,"11. Involvement in the knowledge domain. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on a person’s group of land ownership, such as tribe, clan, territorial group?",No,,Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DKN03,DKN03-5,"11. Involvement in the knowledge domain. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on a person’s race, ethnicity, or some other similar grouping?",No,,Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DKN03,DKN03-6,11. Involvement in the knowledge domain. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on a person’s age or life stage?,No,,Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DKN03,DKN03-7,11. Involvement in the knowledge domain. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on a person’s place identity and affiliation?,No,,Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DKN03,DKN03-8,11. Involvement in the knowledge domain. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on a person’s sex or gender?,No,,Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DKN03,DKN03-9,11. Involvement in the knowledge domain. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on any other communities of practice?,No,,Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D10,DKN07,,12. Do [q2o1answer] people experience the knowledge domain differently depending on social group?,Yes,"In this domain class differentiation is not relevant as here Focus group is not a class divided society, sense of high or low does not exist among them. Here gender gets salience as the Santali female students rarely socialize with the Bengali students as opposed to the male students who sometimes socialize, even they rarely speak with the Bengali teachers. In student union they rarely participate.",Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,S1,DKN08,,13. How often do [q2o1answer] people interact with [q2o2answer] people in the knowledge domain?,Rarely,"Santali students attend classes but participation in group (consisting of both Bengali and Santali) discussion over study material or doubt clearing with Bengali students is rare, which is applicable for both boys and girls.",Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Scalar,Very often,Often,Sometimes,Rarely,Very rarely,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,S3,DKN10,,14. How many people are typically involved in interactions between [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people in the knowledge domain?,Interactions are often under 5 people,,Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Scalar,Interactions are practically always under 5 people,Interactions are  often under 5 people,Interactions are sometimes under 5 people,Interactions are rarely under 5 people,Interactions are practically never under 5 people,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,S4,DKN11,,15. How physically proximate to each other are people in the knowledge domain?,Proximate to each other,"Some effort is needed to reach out to the Santali students, especially the girls/ female student, as they like to maintain proximity among themselves (the Santali students).",Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Scalar,Very proximate to each other,Proximate to each other,Somewhat proximate to each other,Far from each other,Very far from each other,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,S5,DKN12,,16. How would you rate the overall relationship between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people in the knowledge domain?,Somewhat friendly,The Santali students maintain friendly relationship with the Bengali students so long as they are in the knowledge dissemination centers.,Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Scalar,Friendly,Somewhat friendly,Neutral,Somewhat hostile,Hostile,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,S6,DKN29,,"17. What is the proportion of total [q2o1answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o2answer] people, in the knowledge domain?",Some people,50% as not all Santal boys and girls can afford to participate in academic activities for economic and logistic reasons.,Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,S7,DKN30,,"18. What is the proportion of total [q2o2answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o1answer] people, in the knowledge domain?",Few people,Not all the schools/colleges/universities which the Bengali students attend have significant number of Santali students. In the areas inhabited by greater number of Santali people higher the chance of interaction of the Bengali students with them.,Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,BA,DKN13,,19. What is the overall attitude that [q2o1answer] people have towards [q2o2answer] people in the knowledge domain?,Positive,,Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neutral,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,BH,DKN14,,"20. How do [q2o1answer] people view themselves overall in relation to [q2o2answer] people, in the context of the knowledge domain?",[q2o1answer] see themselves as inferior to [q2o2answer],As they have started participating late in this domain as compared to Bengali people there is a sense of inferiority among them. The Santali students think that the Bengali students have better comprehensive capacity and better grasp of knowledge in subject/subjects. The Bengali students always bear a sense of superiority and think themselves as privileged as opposed to the Santali people.,Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Scalar,[q2o1answer] see themselves as very superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as neither superior nor inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as very inferior to [q2o2answer],NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,BI,DKN16,,21. What language do [q2o1answer] people expect to be used with [q2o2answer] people in the knowledge domain?,This is highly contextual,Lots of code switching and code mixing takes place.,Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,O1,DKN17,,22. What language do [q2o1answer] people typically speak with [q2o2answer] people when in the knowledge domain?,This is highly contextual,"In Bankura, West Medinipur, Jhargram and Birbhum districts where the Santali people concentrate in a greater number a local variety of Bengali (mixed variety of Bengali and Santali) is spoken by the Santali people while interacting in the knowledge domain. In other areas where their presence is not strong they must speak a local variety of Bengali with Santali accent, often grammatically (?) incorrect. This happens as they have to use the local variety under constraint. This often causes drop out from the arena. A section of the Santali who have migrated and settled near towns have acquired a variety of Bengali which is nearer to the standard variety and understood by the Bengali people.",Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,O2,DKN18,,23. Do [q2o1answer] people typically simplify their language when speaking with [q2o2answer] people in the knowledge domain?,This is highly contextual,Mixed variety of Bengali and Santali (local dialect) when interacting with the local people. With non-local people either silence or a form of Santali with borrowings from Bengali or uttering only Santali words (not a complete sentence) which focus on the answer. In the latter case Santali is much simplified.,Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Types,Yes,No,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,O3,DKN19,,"24. Typically in the knowledge domain, how fluently do [q2o1answer] people speak the [q2o2answer] language?",A little fluently,Compared to other domains here rate of fluency is much less as the domain in question demands thorough knowledge for greater fluency.,Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Scalar,Very fluently,Fluently,Somewhat fluently,A little fluently,Not fluently at all,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,I1,DKN20,,25. What language do [q2o2answer] people typically speak with [q2o1answer] people in the knowledge domain?,The [q2o2answer] language,As the Bengali people have a sense of superiority in knowledge domain and they do not have any interest in return they always try to impose their language on the Santali people.,Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,I2,DKN21,,"26. Typically in the knowledge domain, how well do [q2o1answer] people understand the [q2o2answer] language?",Somewhat,In the knowledge domain they have low comprehension of the Bengali language as it involves some specialized words. They have to understand to certain extent on contextual situation.,Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Scalar,Very well,Well,Somewhat,Poorly,Very poorly,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T1,DKN22,,27. How much do [q2o1answer] children participate in the activities of the knowledge domain?,They participate somewhat,They rarely participate in the activities and verbal interactions in this domain. Hence a greater number of drop outs from the knowledge centers at the early age.,Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Scalar,They practically always participate,They participate a lot,They participate somewhat,They participate a little,They practically never participate,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T6,DKN23,DKN23-1,"28. Looking after children in the knowledge domain. Typically, do adults other than the parents look after children up to five year of age in the knowledge domain?",No,"In the infancy mother looks after children. Sometimes the 
sibling-kin groups also take care of them.",Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T6,DKN23,DKN23-2,"28. Looking after children in the knowledge domain. Typically, do parents look after children up to five year of age in the knowledge domain?",Yes,[See above],Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T6,DKN23,DKN23-3,"28. Looking after children in the knowledge domain. Typically, do children from sibling-kin groups look after children up to five year of age in the knowledge domain?",Yes,[See above],Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T6,DKN23,DKN23-4,"28. Looking after children in the knowledge domain. Typically, do children up to five year of age look after each other as part of the same peer group in the knowledge domain?",No,[See above],Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T11,DKN27,,"29. Typically, how much structured instruction do adults provide to children in the knowledge domain?",Some structured instruction,,Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Scalar,Constant structured supervision,A lot of structured supervision,Some structured supervision,Little structured supervision,Almost no structured supervision at all,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T2,DKN24,,30. What language do [q2o2answer] adults typically speak to a [q2o1answer] children in the knowledge domain?,This is highly contextual,Local dialect (mixed variety of Bengali and Santali).,Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T4,DKN25,,"31. Typically, what language do [q2o1answer] children from four/five year of age prefer to speak with [q2o2answer] adults?",This is highly contextual,"As Santali children till five/six year of age are typically monolingual they initially prefer to speak to Bengali adults in Santali. As they grow older, they start using a mixed variety of Bengali and Santali.",Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T5,DKN26,,"32. Typically, what language would a [q2o1answer] child speak to [q2o2answer] children in the knowledge domain?",This is highly contextual,Either local dialect of Bengali (mixed) or Santali as the situation demands.,Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Types,[q2o1answer] children do not interact with [q2o2answer] children,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,E1,DKN96,,"33. List any other groups that the [q2o1answer] people intereacted with in the past, in the knowledge domain. List any other group in so far as you believe they had linguistic consequences for the [q2o1answer] language. Where possible, please also give an indication of when this interaction happened.",Not applicable.,NA,Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,E4,DKN97,,"34. What type of data informed your answers to the questions in the domain of knowledge, overall?",Impressions from my own fieldwork with the exact or related community,NA,Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,TypesMultiple,Impressions from my own fieldwork with the exact or related community,Reports from language consultants,Published or ongoing research project of my own on topics covered in this questionnaire,Published material by linguists,Published materials by other researchers in other fields,Other,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,E5,DKN98,,35. How certain are you in your responses for the domain of knowledge?,Certain,NA,Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,E6,DKN99,,36. List any comments or notes that you feel are relevant to this section of the questionnaire.,"The Santali people do not attend any religious preaching as that type of practice is not available in their society (as it is there among the Muslims) In case of the Bengali people no such practice exists.
It is secular type of education which is available in both Santali and Bengali societies.",NA,Arun Ghosh,DKN,4,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,P1,DTR00,,1. Has trade ever been a relevant domain of contact between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer]?,Yes,"Contact in this domain occurs in shops and weekly markets where the Santali people generally visit as buyers and the Bengali people are sellers. Sometimes the Santali people visit the weekly markets as sellers also to sell some forest produce like vegetables found in the hills and jungles which the Bengali are very fond of, and woods which are collected by the Santali people and which the Bengali people need as fuels in the village areas. Here, especially in weekly markets, contact occurs through bargaining and exchange of money.",Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,P2,DTR0a,,2. How long have [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people traded for?,For the last 60-70 years or even before.,"Before dispersal in different places the Santali people were hunter-gatherers and through the means of forest produce, they used to earn their living. When they were not distributed in contiguous areas of the neighboring communities like Bengali, they used to travel miles away from the place of their concentration to sell forest produce and woods in the weekly markets. In earlier days when the money economy did not infiltrate in their society, they used to depend on barter system. In the process they used to collect salt and occasionally oil in exchange of woods and forest produce.",Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,P2N,DTR0aN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",1950-2020,NA,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,P3,DTR0b,,3. What is the time frame when the largest number of people had the most opportunities for interaction in trade?,Since 50s of the last centuries.,From this time their dispersal made them reside in the nearby places of the neighbouring community like the Bengali and/or in the same village.,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,P3N,DTR0bN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",1950-2020,NA,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,P4,DTR01,,"4. What other languages, if any, are spoken in trade?",Hindi and Rajasthani,The shop owners were and are also the Hindi speaking people and the Rajasthani speaking Marwaries along with the Bengali people.,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D1,DTR02,DTR02-1,5. Traded good types. Do [q2o1answer] people trade raw materials and primary produce to [q2o2answer] people?,Yes,"While the Santali people used to sell raw materials like woods, kendu leaves for making indigenous cigar and sal leaves for making leaf-cups and leaf-plates used in the sweet shops and road side eateries along with primary produce like forest vegetables (this continues even today) the Bengali people sell primary produce like rice, flour, oil, salt, sugar etc. and manufactured items like dress materials and earthen jars and kitchen utensils. Agricultural instruments are also sold by the Bengali sellers. Now-a- days the Bengali sellers also sell aluminum utensils to the Santali people.",Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D1,DTR02,DTR02-2,5. Traded good types. Do [q2o1answer] people trade luxury items to [q2o2answer] people?,No,[See above],Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D1,DTR02,DTR02-3,5. Traded good types. Do [q2o1answer] people trade manufactured goods to [q2o2answer] people?,No,[See above],Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D1,DTR02,DTR02-4,5. Traded good types. Do [q2o2answer] people trade raw material and primary produce to [q2o1answer] people?,Yes,[See above],Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D1,DTR02,DTR02-5,5. Traded good types. Do [q2o2answer] people trade luxury items to [q2o1answer] people?,Yes,[See above],Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D1,DTR02,DTR02-6,5. Traded good types. Do [q2o2answer] people trade manufactured goods to [q2o1answer] people?,Yes,[See above],Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D4,DTR24,,"6. Typically when trading with [q2o2answer] people, the [q2o1answer] people will",Use money,There was a time when barter system was the only mode of exchange among the Santals. After independence money economy (cash economy) replaces barter system.,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Types,Use money,Exchange objects,This is contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D6,DTR06,,7. Where does trade between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people typically take place?,At places which belong to the [q2o2answer],Generally trade takes place in the vicinity of the Bengali settlement,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Types,At places which belong to the [q2o1answer],At places which belong to the [q2o2answer],At places which belong to some other group,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D11,DTR17,,8. How much influence can the [q2o1answer] exert over the [q2o2answer] in terms of trade?,Influence is somewhat exerted,"As the Santali people is an important section of the consumers, they have some influence in negotiating the price of the commodity and the Bengali traders have to accommodate the terms of the buyers.",Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Scalar,Influence is practically always exerted,Influence is very much exerted,Influence is somewhat exerted,Influence is exerted very little,Influence is practically never exerted,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D9,DTR28,,9. Are there any speech styles used in trade?,Yes,Trade jargon or mixed variety of Santali and Bengali.,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D12,DTR35,,"10. How often are these speech styles typically used in trade, in comparison with unmonitored speech?",Always,,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Scalar,Always,Sometimes,As much as monitored speech,Rarely,Never,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DTR03,DTR03-1,"11. Involvement in trade. Does involvement in trade differ based on hierarchies associated to profession or wealth, such as a person's class or caste?",No,,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DTR03,DTR03-2,"11. Involvement in trade. Does involvement in trade differ based on whether a person belongs to some magico-religiously sanctioned group, such as religious denomination?",No,,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DTR03,DTR03-3,"11. Involvement in trade. Does involvement in trade differ based on a person's descent group, such as clan, house, lineage group, kinship group?",No,,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DTR03,DTR03-4,"11. Involvement in trade. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on a person’s group of land ownership, such as tribe, clan, territorial group?",Yes,,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DTR03,DTR03-5,"11. Involvement in trade. Does involvement in trade differ based on a person’s race, ethnicity, or some other similar grouping?",Yes,,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DTR03,DTR03-6,11. Involvement in trade. Does involvement in trade differ based on a person’s age or life stage?,No,,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DTR03,DTR03-7,11. Involvement in trade. Does involvement in trade differ based on a person’s place identity and affiliation?,No,,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DTR03,DTR03-8,11. Involvement in trade. Does involvement in trade differ based on a person’s sex or gender?,No,,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D3,DTR03,DTR03-9,11. Involvement in trade. Does involvement in trade differ based on any other communities of practice?,No,,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,D10,DTR32,,12. Do [q2o1answer] people experience trade differently depending on social group?,Yes,Socialization takes place between male adults and among the lower-class Bengali male and the Santali male through trade. The upper-class Bengali people do not care to socialize in this domain. The Santali women rarely socialize in trade domain. [Responding focusing on the following social group/s:] Male folk.,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,S1,DTR14,,13. How often do [q2o1answer] people trade with [q2o2answer] people?,Very often,The Santali people have to trade with the Bengali people as the latter dominate in this particular domain.,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Scalar,Very often,Often,Sometimes,Rarely,Very rarely,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,S3,DTR22,,14. How many people are typically involved in interactions between [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people when trading?,Interactions are sometimes under 5 people,Interactions are sometimes esoteric and sometimes exoteric.,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Scalar,Interactions are practically always under 5 people,Interactions are often under 5 people,Interactions are sometimes under 5 people,Interactions are rarely under 5 people,Interactions are practically never under 5 people,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,S4,DTR36,,15. How physically proximate to each other are people involved in trade?,Proximate to each other,,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Scalar,Very proximate to each other,Proximate to each other,Somewhat proximate to each other,Far from each other,Very far from each other,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,S5,DTR23,,16. How would you rate the overall relationship between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people in trade?,Somewhat friendly,,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Scalar,Friendly,Somewhat friendly,Neutral,Somewhat hostile,Hostile,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,S6,DTR33,,17. What is the proportion of total [q2o1answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o2answer] people in trade?,Almost everyone,"The weekly market attracts the Santali people very much, irrespective of male, female or children. On the day of the market (normally once a week) the Santali villages look almost deserted, as most of the people visit the market, not that everybody will purchase, it is a place of enjoyment for them. Sometimes a Santal boy chooses his bride in the market, types of marriage like itut sindur (pasting vermillion on a girl's head) or ɔr ader bapla (marriage by force) takes place in the weekly market. Local schools also look deserted on the market day. The Santal students visit the market en block. It is a place of meeting with friends and relatives. Every man, women or children may not purchase but they like to bargain for enjoyment sake.",Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,S7,DTR34,,18. What is the proportion of total [q2o2answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o1answer] people in trade?,Some people,One or sometimes two from the Bengali families visit market to purchase or sell and for meeting with friends.,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,BA,DTR16,,19. What is the overall attitude that [q2o1answer] people have towards [q2o2answer] people in trade?,Positive,They have to maintain positive attitude as they know they have to depend on the majority Bengali people for their sustenance and any kind of hostility might end in disaster.,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neutral,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,BH,DTR29,,"20. How do [q2o1answer] people view themselves overall in relation to [q2o2answer] people, within the context of trade?",[q2o1answer] see themselves as neither superior nor inferior to [q2o2answer],The Santali society and their psyche is based on and nurtured around equitable relationship; hence superior-inferior dichotomy is baseless to them.,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Scalar,[q2o1answer] see themselves as very superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as neither superior nor inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as very inferior to [q2o2answer],NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,BI,DTR08,,21. What language do [q2o1answer] people expect to be used when trading with [q2o2answer] people?,This is highly contextual,A mixed variety of Santali and Bengali.,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,O1,DTR11,,22. What language do [q2o1answer] people typically speak when trading with [q2o2answer] people?,This is highly contextual,A lot of code switching and code mixing takes place.,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,O2,DTR12,,23. Do [q2o1answer] people typically simplify their language when speaking with [q2o2answer] people during trade?,Yes,Without simplification they can not reach out to Bengali buyers and also sellers. ,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Types,Yes,No,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,O3,DTR13,,"24. Typically in trade, how fluently do [q2o1answer] people speak the [q2o2answer] language?",Somewhat fluently,,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Scalar,Very fluently,Fluently,Somewhat fluently,A little fluently,Not fluently at all,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,I1,DTR09,,25. What language do [q2o2answer] people typically speak when trading with the [q2o1answer]?,This is highly contextual,A mixed variety of Bengali and Santali.,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,I2,DTR10,,"26. Typically in trade, how well do [q2o1answer] people understand the [q2o2answer] language?",Well,In a state like West Bengal where 90% of the population are Bengali speaking it is obvious that the minority communities like the Santals have to interact with the Bengali outside their home domain. Acquaintance with the Bengali builds up from early stage. Hence comprehension in Bengali is well.,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Scalar,Very well,Well,Somewhat,Poorly,Very poorly,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T1,DTR18,,27. How much do [q2o1answer] children participate in trade?,They participate a little,"In this particular domain participation of Santali children is very limited, just to give proxy for their parents.",Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Scalar,They practically always participate,They participate a lot,They participate somewhat,They participate a little,They practically never participate,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T6,DTR27,DTR27-1,"28. Looking after children during trade. Typically, do adults other than the parents look after children up to five year of age during trade?",No,,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T6,DTR27,DTR27-2,"28. Looking after children during trade. Typically, do parents look after children up to five year of age during trade?",No,,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T6,DTR27,DTR27-3,"28. Looking after children during trade. Typically, do children from sibling-kin groups look after children up to five year of age during trade?",Yes,,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T6,DTR27,DTR27-4,"28. Looking after children during trade. Typically, do children up to five year of age look after each other as part of the same peer group during trade?",No,,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T11,DTR31,,"29. Typically, how much supervision do adults provide to children in trade?",Some supervision,,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Scalar,Constant supervision,A lot of supervision,Some supervision,Little supervision,No supervision at all,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T2,DTR19,,30. What language do [q2o2answer] adults typically speak to a [q2o1answer] children in trade?,This is highly contextual,A mixed variety of Bengali and Santali.,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T4,DTR20,,"31. Typically, what language do [q2o1answer] children from four/five year of age prefer to speak with [q2o2answer] adults?",The [q2o1answer] language,As the Santali children in their early years are typically monolinguals.,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,T5,DTR37,,"32. Typically, what language would a [q2o1answer] child speak to [q2o2answer] children in trade?",The [q2o1answer] language,,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Types,[q2o1answer] children do not interact with [q2o2answer] children,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,E1,DTR96,,"33. List any other groups that the [q2o1answer] traded with in the past, in so far as you believe this had linguistic consequences for the [q2o1answer] language. Where possible, please also give an indication of when this happened.","Hindi speaking community 
Rajasthani speaking community
Trade with the Hindi speaking and the Rajasthani speaking community started with the expansion of the trading of the Marwari community in the eastern parts of India, especially in Bengal, Odisha and Bihar.",NA,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,E4,DTR97,,"34. What type of data informed your answers to the questions in the domain of trade, overall?",Impressions from my own fieldwork with the exact or related community,NA,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,TypesMultiple,Impressions from my own fieldwork with the exact or related community,Reports from language consultants,Published or ongoing research project of my own on topics covered in this questionnaire,Published material by linguists,Published materials by other researchers in other fields,Other,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,E5,DTR98,,35. How certain are you in your responses for the domain of trade?,Certain,NA,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR
1.0.0,set20,set27,E6,DTR99,,36. List any comments or notes that you feel are relevant to this section of the questionnaire.,"The Santali people participate in trade as buyers of primary produce, and regular sellers of wood, kendu leaves and sal leaves used as fuel. making indigenous cigar and leaf cups and plates respectively.
Shops are typically owned by the Bengali, Marwari or Hindi speaking people.
In this domain their interaction with the mainstream Bengali people is densest with the shop owners as they have to visit the shops almost regularly for their daily needs.",NA,Arun Ghosh,DTR,3,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Ghosh,Santali,Santali,sat,sant1410,Bengali,Bengali,ben,beng1280,Santali - Bengali,sat-ben,sant14140-beng1280,Indic,OR