Version,Set,Old_Set_ID,CID,QID,Sub-ID,Wording,Response,Comment,Respondent,Dom,DomOrder,DataType,Answer1,Answer2,Answer3,Answer4,Answer5,Answer6,Answer7,Answer8,Surname,[q2o1answer],FLang,F_ISO,F_Glottocode,[q2o2answer],NLang,N_ISO,N_Glottocode,ContactPair,ContactPair_ISO,ContactPair_Glottocode,AArea,Reviewer
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OT1,OT1,,1. How long have [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people been in contact overall?,Since prehistory. Contacts are documented since the 14th century.,,Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OT1N,OT1N,,"Coarse time range, numerical",1300-2020,NA,Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OT2,OT2,,2. What is the overall time frame when the largest number of people had the most opportunities for interaction?,,,Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OT2N,OT2N,,"Coarse time range, numerical",1400-1800,NA,Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OD1,OD1,,1. What is the total number of native-like speakers of [q2o1answer]?,"100,000-999,999 speakers","According to the 2011 census 352,121 persons 10 years and older speak Maltese 87.6% of the total population (but this figure includes foreigners who came to Malta in the past 20 years). 
The 2005 census (when foreigners were much less) the figure was 97.9%.
A more recent survey held in Nov and Dec  2020 among a sample of 1025 Maltese citizens between 18 and 80 years of age revealed that:
89% speak to their parents in Maltese;
85% speak to their spouse/partner in Maltese;
75% speak to their offspring in Maltese;
77% with friends;
50% at the workplace;
30% write emails in Maltese (37% in English; the rest use both);
37% write sms in Maltese (21% in English; the rest use both);
23% read books in Maltese (36% in English; the rest use both);
32% read newspapers (printed or online) in Maltese (28% in English; the rest use both)
34% use ATM in Maltese (48% in English; the rest use both)
Source: NSO and Kunsill tal-Malti, Il-Qaghda tal-Ilsien Malti. Stharrig Nazzjonali, Malta, 2021.",Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Types,10-99 speakers,100-999 speakers,"1,000-9,999 speakers","10,000-99,999 speakers","100,000-999,999 speakers","1,000,000-9,999,999 speakers","10,000,000-99,999,999 speakers","100,000,000-999,999,999 speakers",Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OD3,OD3,,2. What is the total number of native-like speakers of [q2o2answer]?,NA,"Nil. Malta-born persons do not speak Sicilian. Some Sicilians who reside or work in Malta may speak Sicilian among themselves, but there are no statistics.",Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Types,10-99 speakers,100-999 speakers,"1,000-9,999 speakers","10,000-99,999 speakers","100,000-999,999 speakers","1,000,000-9,999,999 speakers","10,000,000-99,999,999 speakers","100,000,000-999,999,999 speakers",Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OD4,OD4,,3. What is the approximate proportion of native-like speakers in the total population of all speakers of [q2o1answer]?,High proportion,,Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Scalar,High proportion,Fairly high proportion,Intermediate proportion,Fairly low proportion,Low proportion,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OD5,OD5,,4. What is the approximate proportion of native-like speakers in the total population of all speakers of [q2o2answer]?,NA,"In light of the statistics regarding Sicily in the 2018 publication quoted in question OD3, I consider that Sicilians working in Malta would not be really speaking Sicilian, but the regional variety of Italian. More detailed figures about dialect speakers in Sicily show that only old people in remote areas speak the dialect. Younger people learn only Italian at school, and consider the dialect as a mark of low class and low education. So they really speak the regional variety among themselves, whereas with foreigners, Italians included, they speak Italian.
",Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Scalar,High proportion,Fairly high proportion,Intermediate proportion,Fairly low proportion,Low proportion,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OG1,OG1,,5. What is the population density within the area where [q2o1answer] is spoken?,100–399 persons per 10 sq. km,,Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Types,Less than 2 persons per 10 sq. km,2–4 persons per 10 sq. km,5–19 persons per 10 sq. km,20–99 persons per 10 sq. km,100–399 persons per 10 sq. km,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OS7,OS7,,6. What is the mean size of the [q2o1answer] speaking communities at the local level?,"One or more indigenous towns of more than 5,000 inhabitants but none of more than 50,000",,Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Types,Fewer than 50 persons,From 50 to 99 persons,From 100 to 199 persons,From 200 to 399 persons,"From 400 to 1,000 persons","More than 1,000 persons in the absence of indigenous urban aggregations","One or more indigenous towns of more than 5,000 inhabitants but none of more than 50,000",NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OS9,OS9,,7. How frequently do [q2o1answer] people generally interact with out-group people? ,Very Frequently,"Considering the high number of foreigners resident and/or working in Malta and the large number of tourists (2,314,596 in 2017), contact is very frequent. Communication is mainly in English with all nationalities, and occasionally in Italian with Italians.",Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Scalar,Very Frequently,Frequently,Neither frequently nor infrequently,Infrequently,Very infrequently,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OI1,OI1,OI1-1,"8. Is [q2o1answer] stated as an expression of identity of any of the following? Group centered around shared descent, such as clan, house, lineage group, kinship group",Yes,"All Maltese people regard Maltese as their language. It is a very evident marker of identity.

Malta-born persons speak Maltese everywhere, unless foreigners are present, when they would speak English, except for the 6% who speak only English at home, but Maltese is compulsory in the schools and there are Maltese lessons for foreigners who work with Maltese monolinguals (such as doctors and nurses).",Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OI1,OI1,OI1-2,"8. Is [q2o1answer] stated as an expression of identity of any of the following? Race, ethnicity, or some other similar grouping",Yes,"All Maltese people regard Maltese as their language. It is a very evident marker of identity.

Malta-born persons speak Maltese everywhere, unless foreigners are present, when they would speak English, except for the 6% who speak only English at home, but Maltese is compulsory in the schools and there are Maltese lessons for foreigners who work with Maltese monolinguals (such as doctors and nurses).",Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OI1,OI1,OI1-3,"8. Is [q2o1answer] stated as an expression of identity of any of the following? Micro-level (politico-)territorial group, including regional or areal groups, clans, bands, tribes",No,"All Maltese people regard Maltese as their language. It is a very evident marker of identity.

Malta-born persons speak Maltese everywhere, unless foreigners are present, when they would speak English, except for the 6% who speak only English at home, but Maltese is compulsory in the schools and there are Maltese lessons for foreigners who work with Maltese monolinguals (such as doctors and nurses).",Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OI1,OI1,OI1-4,"8. Is [q2o1answer] stated as an expression of identity of any of the following? Macro-level (politico-)territorial group, such as nation, tribe, state",Yes,"All Maltese people regard Maltese as their language. It is a very evident marker of identity.

Malta-born persons speak Maltese everywhere, unless foreigners are present, when they would speak English, except for the 6% who speak only English at home, but Maltese is compulsory in the schools and there are Maltese lessons for foreigners who work with Maltese monolinguals (such as doctors and nurses).",Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OI1,OI1,OI1-5,"8. Is [q2o1answer] stated as an expression of identity of any of the following? Formal or informal relationships between non-kin, such as alliances, sodality membership, ad-hoc relationships between families or individuals",Yes,"All Maltese people regard Maltese as their language. It is a very evident marker of identity.

Malta-born persons speak Maltese everywhere, unless foreigners are present, when they would speak English, except for the 6% who speak only English at home, but Maltese is compulsory in the schools and there are Maltese lessons for foreigners who work with Maltese monolinguals (such as doctors and nurses).",Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OI3,OI3,,9. Is there a codified standard variety for [q2o1answer]?,Yes,"Maltese began the standardization process in the 18th century, with the production of literary works, grammars and dictionaries. In 1934 it was raised to the status of official language with English and Italian, and Italian was dropped on the eve of the Second World War, in 1936.

In 2003 Maltese became one of the official languages of the European Union.",Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OI6,OI6,,"10. What are the [q2o1answer] speakers' attitudes towards linguistic transfers from [q2o2answer], such as lexical or grammatical borrowing?",Neither positive nor negative,"Probably those who do not study linguistics, or the history of the Maltese language, are not aware of the large amount of lexical borrowing.

See Joseph M Brincat, Maltese and other languages. A linguistic history of Malta, Malta, Midsea Books, 2011 (and 2021), 530 pages.",Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neither positive nor negative,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OI7,OI7,,"11. What are the [q2o1answer] speakers' general attitudes towards linguistic transfer, such as lexical or grammatical borrowing, from any other language than [q2o2answer]?",Negative,"Writers tend to be puristic (preferring words of Arabic origin), but speakers do not bother about etymology. Moreover, the average speaker code-switches and mixes a lot with English.",Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neither positive nor negative,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OI9,OI9,,12. What are the [q2o1answer] speakers' attitudes towards lectal differences within [q2o1answer]?,Neither positive nor negative,"Up to the 1960s there was a negative attitude towards the local varieties, called dialects (but mainly consisting of phonetic differences). Now that they are almost extinct, some speakers are proud of their accent, but of course they only use it with persons from their home town.",Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neither positive nor negative,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OI8,OI8,,13. How significant is language as part of group identity for the speakers of [q2o1answer]?,Very significant,"Most people are proud of having a very distinct language, especially since it obtained official status in Malta and in the European Union. A small minority considers it useless, since the country is officially bilingual and English is an international language.",Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Scalar,Very significant,Significant,Neither significant nor insignificant,Insignificant,Very insignificant,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OB1,OB1,,14. There is an emic conception of [q2o1answer] as “a language” or some other categorical or objective thing?,Yes,"Maltese is studied at University, publications analysing its structures are ongoing and there is an International Society for the Study of Maltese at the University of Bremen, which organizes conferences every two years. There is also the National Council for the Maltese Language which monitors the situation and offers advice in its website.",Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,O10,O10,,[q2o1answer] peoples’ language loyalty towards [q2o1answer] can be characterised as:,High,"Most Maltese are proud of their language. There have been newspapers in Maltese since the 19th century; at present there are two dailies (and two in English), five tv stations, three of which have a large following, and about 20 radio stations all in Maltese. ATMs and Google also offer the option of Maltese besides English.",Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Scalar,Very high,High,Neither low nor high,Low,Very low,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OL3,OL3,,15. Do the [q2o1answer] speaking people use some orthography in writing their language?,"Yes, in a standardised way*","Orhtography followed the Italian alphabet up to the 1920s, but it was standardised in 1924 and recognized by the government in 1934. Diacritics made it more phonetic than Italian, however some readers do not feel comfortable with a few letters that had been introduced for etymological reasons in words of Arabic origin (like silent h and gh).",Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Types,"Yes, in a non-standardised way","Yes, in a standardised way","No, the Focus Group language is not written",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OL1,OL1,,16. What is the approximate rate of formal literacy in the [q2o1answer] speaking community?,High,"Primary schooling became compulsory in 1946, and secondary school became compulsory in 1970. Maltese and English are both languages of instruction, sharing the various subjects almost equally: subjects of local and personal interest are taught through Maltese (religion, PSE, local history and geography), the sciences and mathematics are taught through English. At University the language of instruction is English, except for the languages.",Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Scalar,High,Fairly high,Intermediate,Fairly low,Low,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OL2,OL2,OL2-1,"17. Restrictions in access to literacy in terms of social categories. Is the ability to read and write restricted, in practice, to people of certain hierarchy groups associated with profession or wealth (such as class and caste)?",No,"Thanks to compulsory schooling literacy is high. Of course there is a small percentage, some 6%, who go through the schools till age 16 without learning how, or wanting to, read and write.",Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OL2,OL2,OL2-2,"17. Restrictions in access to literacy in terms of social categories. Is the ability to read and write restricted, in practice, to people of certain magico-religiously sanctioned groups (such as religious denomination)?",No,"Thanks to compulsory schooling literacy is high. Of course there is a small percentage, some 6%, who go through the schools till age 16 without learning how, or wanting to, read and write.",Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OL2,OL2,OL2-3,"17. Restrictions in access to literacy in terms of social categories. Is the ability to read and write restricted, in practice, to people of certain descent groups, such as clan, house, lineage group, kinship group)?",No,"Thanks to compulsory schooling literacy is high. Of course there is a small percentage, some 6%, who go through the schools till age 16 without learning how, or wanting to, read and write.",Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OL2,OL2,OL2-4,"17. Restrictions in access to literacy in terms of social categories. Is the ability to read and write restricted, in practice, to people of certain races, ethnicities, or some other similar grouping?",No,"Thanks to compulsory schooling literacy is high. Of course there is a small percentage, some 6%, who go through the schools till age 16 without learning how, or wanting to, read and write.",Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OL2,OL2,OL2-5,"17. Restrictions in access to literacy in terms of social categories. Is the ability to read and write restricted, in practice, to people of certain age cohorts or life stages?",No,"Thanks to compulsory schooling literacy is high. Of course there is a small percentage, some 6%, who go through the schools till age 16 without learning how, or wanting to, read and write.",Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OL2,OL2,OL2-6,"17. Restrictions in access to literacy in terms of social categories. Is the ability to read and write restricted, in practice, to a certain sex or genders?",No,"Thanks to compulsory schooling literacy is high. Of course there is a small percentage, some 6%, who go through the schools till age 16 without learning how, or wanting to, read and write.",Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OL2,OL2,OL2-7,"17. Restrictions in access to literacy in terms of social categories. Is the ability to read and write restricted, in practice, to other communities of practice not mentioned above?",No,"Thanks to compulsory schooling literacy is high. Of course there is a small percentage, some 6%, who go through the schools till age 16 without learning how, or wanting to, read and write.",Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OS1,OS1,,"18. Typically, how many levels of jurisdictional hierarchy are there in the [q2o1answer] speaking society, beyond the local community?",Four levels,"Malta has a Parliament (one house of representatives), civil, commercial and criminal courts of justice, and ministries for most domains. Then there are the local councils for each municipality. Debates are always in Maltese, unless foreigners are present, when English is used.",Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Scalar,Four levels,Three levels,Two levels,One level,No levels,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OS2,OS2,,"19. Typically, how many levels of jurisdictional hierarchy are there in [q2o2answer] society, beyond the local community?",Four levels,"There is a Regional parliament in Palermo, parliaments for the provinces and the local municipal councils. There are, of course, courts of justice. But the language spoken in these formal situations is always Italian, occaisonally marked by dialectal features, especially in pronunciation.",Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Scalar,Four levels,Three levels,Two levels,One level,No levels,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OS4,OS4,,"20. Which of the following best characterises the dominant form of the [q2o1answer] speaking group's mobility and sedentism, in regards to subsistence?",Sedentary,"Residents in the towns can be considered quite stable, but there is a lot of movement from one town to another, especially when people get married. Consider that the biggest distance from one town to another is about 30 km, which explains why the young stay at home till they get married. However, many people go abroad for work, mainly in the UK and Brussels. Emigration to the US, Canada and Australia was high in the Fifties, but it is very small nowadays.",Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Types,Sedentary,Mobile,Mixed,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OS5,OS5,,"21. Which of the following best characterises the dominant form of the [q2o2answer] speaking group's mobility and sedentism, in regards to subsistence?",Sedentary,"Sicilians in Malta, like other nationalities, do not move in groups. The individual makes one's own choices, like everywhere else in Europe. Many Sicilians come over for short or longer terms, according to their work contract. Some get married here. Others move about as travelling salesmen. They might be the majority but all Italian passport holders are simply considered ""Italian"" for official purposes, and also by the locals in general. ",Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Types,Sedentary,Mobile,Mixed,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OS6,OS6,,22. The [q2o1answer] speaking society's subsistence pattern can be broadly characterised as... ,Highly mixed,"The main source of labour nowadays is tourism. Traditionally commerce (shops, import and export) is high. There are also a few industries. Lately, financial services, especially in the betting sector, increased.",Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Types,Hunter-gatherer,Fishing,Animal Husbadry,"Agricultural, casual","Agricultural, shifting","Agricultural, permanent",Highly Mixed,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OH1,OH1,,"23. Have there been any natural disasters or major societal upheaval during the densest period of contact between the [q2o1answer] speaking and [q2o2answer] speaking people, such it impacted people's mobility, and [q2o1answer] speaking people talk about it?",Yes,"Way back in the 1550s, the threat of the Ottoman invasion saw refugees moving to Sicily, and Sicilian men moving to Malta as soldiers and seamen in the employment of the Knights of the Order of St. John. The Great Siege of 1565 and the building of Valletta saw a considerable influx of Sicilian men (with other Italians, Frenchmen and Spaniards). 
Another event that saw an influx from Sicily and other parts of Italy was the Risorgimento: Malta hosted about a thousand of exiles from the Bourbon Kingdom of Naples between 1840 and 1860, and then a smaller influx after the Unìfication of Italy in 1860-70 (Bourbon supporters). These two events explain the large number of Maltese surnames in Sicily, especially in the Southeast (from Agrigento to Catania), and of Italian and Sicilian surnames in Malta.",Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OE1,OE1,,24. How long time have you spent working with this community?,"My first trip to Sicily, and on to Rome, was in 1964 where I followed a summer language course. I obtained my doctorate at the University of Florence, and since then I visited Sicily and Italy many times to attend linguistic conferences or to deliver lectures and courses.",NA,Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OE2,OE2,,25. Whom did you mostly interact with during your stay and through community-based research?,Academics.,NA,Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OE3,OE3,,26. Was your interaction with members of the community typically mediated by one/a few person(s)? Who were they?,"Colleagues at italian Universities, among which Palermo, Catania and Messina.",NA,Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OC1,OC1,,27. How certain are you in your responses to the set of questions about each domain?,I have been writing about the Sicilian and italian elements in the Maltese language for about 40 years.,,Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OC2,OC2,,28. How certain are you in your responses to the set of questions about social networks (The S-Set of questions)?,"I consider social networks as the basis for linguistic contact. In fact my linguistic history of Malta includes statistics about history and various social activities (the schools, trade, tourism, the media, and so on), following the model introduced by Tullio De Mauro for Italy.",,Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OC3,OC3,,29. How certain are you in your responses to the set of questions about attitudes and ideologies (The B-Set of questions)?,I am one of them.,,Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OC4,OC4,,30. How certain are you in your responses to the set of questions about language production (The O-Set of questions)?,This is my main field of specialization.,,Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OC5,OC5,,31. How certain are you in your responses to the set of questions about the languages spoken to the [q2o1answer] people (The I-Set of questions)?,This is my main field of specialization.,,Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,OC6,OC6,,32. How certain are you in your responses to the set of questions about children (The T-Set of questions)?,"I am a father of three,, grandfather of seven.",,Joseph M Brincat,OV,6,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,P1,DEM00,,1. Has exchange ever been a relevant domain of contact between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer]?,Yes,"Most social traditions have been introduced from Sicily: food; dress; religious functions and ""outside festivities"", like processions, street decorations, fireworks, the crib; traditional children's games, the Imnarja (luminaria) on the feast of Saints Peter and Paul (an agricultural show and folklore night).
Regarding gifts, Sicilians would normally present typical sweets or Caltagirone pottery to Maltese persons during visits or as a show of gratitude for some favour. The Maltese would present some local handcraft, like glass works or spirits (like whisky).",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,P2,DEM0a,,3. How long have [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people practised exchange for? ,"Since prehistory, documented since the 14th century.",,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,P2N,DEM0aN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",1300-2020,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,P3,DEM0b,,4. What is the time frame when the largest number of people had the most opportunities for interaction in exchange?,"From the 16th to the 19th century. 

The densest period of time for contact between Malta and Sicily was from 1050 to around 1550, because political, social and economic ties were practically exclusive. From 1550 onwards such contacts with Italy increased, and ties with the UK began in 1800 but became strong from about 1850 and are strongest today. However, statistics and testimonies for the Sicilian period are scarce, with the result that most of my responses to the questionnaire concern the present time period (roughly the last decades) when contact with Sicily is still ongoing, albeit in a much wider international framework. As regards language, contact with Sicilian died out with the coming of the Knights of St John who introduced Italian, both as an official and a spoken language for the educated classes. Moreover, today the Sicilian dialect is never spoken with foreigners by the Sicilians themselves.",,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,P3,DEM0bN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",1500-1800,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,P4,DEM01,,"5. What other languages, if any, are spoken in this domain?","Sicilian was spoken, besides Maltese, and written from the 14th to the 16th century. Then Italian took over. Nowadays the use of English is increasing in interaction with Sicilians, depending on how well it is known by the Sicilian individual concerned.",,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D1,DEM02,DEM02-1,6. Characteristic of the domain of Exchange. Is Exchange between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] the individual’s initiative?,Yes,,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D1,DEM02,DEM02-2,6. Characteristic of the domain of Exchange. Is Exchange between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] an institutionalised procedure?,No,,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D1,DEM02,DEM02-3,6. Characteristic of the domain of Exchange. Is Exchange between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] part of a ceremonial event to which both communities participate?,No,,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D6,DEM04,,7. Where does exchange between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people typically take place?,This is highly contextual,It depends on two-way travel.,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Types,At places which belong to the [q2o1answer],At places which belong to the [q2o2answer],At places which belong to some other group,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D11,DEM19,,8. How much influence can the [q2o1answer] exert over exchange?,Influence is somewhat exerted,Depends on the individual and the kind of activity.,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Scalar,Influence is practically always exerted,Influence is often exerted,Influence is somewhat exerted,Influence is exerted very little,Influence is practically never exerted,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D9,DEM38,,9. Are there any speech styles used during practices of exchange?,Yes,"Mostly informal, with some code-switching",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D12,DEM45,,"10. How often are these speech styles typically used during practices of exchange, in comparison with unmonitored speech?",As much as unmonitored speech,"Sicilian is only used informally in Sicily itself, and very rarely with strangers, be these Sicilian, Italian or Maltese.",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Scalar,Always,Sometimes,As much as unmonitored speech,Rarely,Never,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DEM03,DEM03-1,"11. Social categories. Does involvement in Exchange practices differ based on hierarchies associated to profession or wealth, such as a person's class or caste?",Yes,"This kind of exchange can take place when the family members of the Sicilian husband or wife come over from Sicily, and when Maltese family members visit a relative who has married a Sicilian and lives in Sicily. Naturally, gifts differ when presented to males or females.",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DEM03,DEM03-2,"11. Social categories. Does involvement in Exchange practices differ based on whether a person belongs to some magico-religiously sanctioned group, such as religious denomination?",No,"This kind of exchange can take place when the family members of the Sicilian husband or wife come over from Sicily, and when Maltese family members visit a relative who has married a Sicilian and lives in Sicily. Naturally, gifts differ when presented to males or females.",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DEM03,DEM03-3,"11. Social categories. Does involvement in Exchange practices differ based on a person's descent group, such as clan, house, lineage group, kinship group?",Yes,"This kind of exchange can take place when the family members of the Sicilian husband or wife come over from Sicily, and when Maltese family members visit a relative who has married a Sicilian and lives in Sicily. Naturally, gifts differ when presented to males or females.",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DEM03,DEM03-4,"11. Social categories. Does involvement in Exchange practices differ based on a person’s group of land ownership, such as tribe, clan, territorial group?",No,"This kind of exchange can take place when the family members of the Sicilian husband or wife come over from Sicily, and when Maltese family members visit a relative who has married a Sicilian and lives in Sicily. Naturally, gifts differ when presented to males or females.",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DEM03,DEM03-5,"11. Social categories. Does involvement in Exchange practices differ based on a person’s race, ethnicity, or some other similar grouping?",No,"This kind of exchange can take place when the family members of the Sicilian husband or wife come over from Sicily, and when Maltese family members visit a relative who has married a Sicilian and lives in Sicily. Naturally, gifts differ when presented to males or females.",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DEM03,DEM03-6,11. Social categories. Does involvement in Exchange practices differ based on a person’s age or life stage?,No,"This kind of exchange can take place when the family members of the Sicilian husband or wife come over from Sicily, and when Maltese family members visit a relative who has married a Sicilian and lives in Sicily. Naturally, gifts differ when presented to males or females.",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DEM03,DEM03-7,11. Social categories. Does involvement in Exchange practices differ based on a person’s place identity and affiliation?,No,"This kind of exchange can take place when the family members of the Sicilian husband or wife come over from Sicily, and when Maltese family members visit a relative who has married a Sicilian and lives in Sicily. Naturally, gifts differ when presented to males or females.",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DEM03,DEM03-8,11. Social categories. Does involvement in Exchange practices differ based on a person’s sex or gender?,Yes,"This kind of exchange can take place when the family members of the Sicilian husband or wife come over from Sicily, and when Maltese family members visit a relative who has married a Sicilian and lives in Sicily. Naturally, gifts differ when presented to males or females.",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DEM03,DEM03-9,11. Social categories. Does involvement in Exchange practices differ based on any other communities of practice?,No,"This kind of exchange can take place when the family members of the Sicilian husband or wife come over from Sicily, and when Maltese family members visit a relative who has married a Sicilian and lives in Sicily. Naturally, gifts differ when presented to males or females.",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D10,DEM41,,12. Do [q2o1answer] people experience exchange differently depending on social group?,No,"Apparently, family ties are stronger than class distinction.",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,S1,DEM08,,13. How often do [q2o1answer] people exchange with [q2o2answer] people?,Rarely,Nothing is known about such exchanges that took place in the past.,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Scalar,Very often,Often,Sometimes,Rarely,Very rarely,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,S3,DEM11,,14. How many people are typically involved in interactions between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] in the context of exchange?,Interactions are sometimes under 5 people,Interaction was and is mainly on an individual basis.,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Scalar,Interactions are practically always under 5 people,Interactions are often under 5 people,Interactions are sometimes under 5 people,Interactions are rarely under 5 people,Interactions are practically never under 5 people,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,S5,DEM10,,15. How would you rate the overall relationship between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people in the domain of exchange?,Friendly,,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Scalar,Friendly,Somewhat friendly,Neutral,Somewhat hostile,Hostile,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,S6,DEM40,,16. What is the proportion of total [q2o1answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o2answer] people in the context of exchange?,Practically no one,"A very low proportion; my impression is, about 1%.",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,S7,DEM44,,17. What is the proportion of total [q2o2answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o1answer] people in the context of exchange?,Few people,"Considering that the population of Sicily is around 5 million, the proportion must be very very low, less than 1%.",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,BA,DEM17,,18. What is the overall attitude that [q2o1answer] people have towards [q2o2answer] people in the context of exchange?,Positive,,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neutral,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,BH,DEM18,,19. How do [q2o1answer] people view themselves overall in relation to [q2o2answer] people in the context of exchange?,[q2o1answer] see themselves as neither superior nor inferior to [q2o2answer],At par.,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Scalar,[q2o1answer] see themselves as very superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as superior to [q2o2answer],q2o1answer] see themselves as neither superior nor inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as very inferior to [q2o2answer],NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,BI,DEM05,,20. What language do [q2o1answer] people expect to be used when interacting with [q2o2answer] people through practices of exchange?,This is highly contextual,"Generally Italian, but Sicilian men who work in Malta try hard to speak English, especially if they marry a Maltese woman because they wish to be integrated in the local family and society.",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,O1,DEM14,,21. What language do [q2o1answer] people typically speak during practices of exchange with [q2o2answer] people?,This is highly contextual,"Mostly Italian, increasingly in English, with some code-switching.",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,O2,DEM15,,22. Do [q2o1answer] people typically simplify their [q2o1answer] language when speaking with [q2o2answer] people during practices of Exchange?,This is highly contextual,"If the Sicilian person shows that he/she understands Maltese or English, the Maltese person will simplify.",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Types,Yes,No,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,O3,DEM16,,"23. Typically in the context of exchange practices, how fluently to [q2o1answer] people speak the [q2o2answer] language?",Not fluently at all,"None at all, never. Only some fishermen may be able to do it when they meet at sea or in Sicilian fishing villages.",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Scalar,Very fluently,Fluently,Somewhat fluently,A little fluently,Not fluently at all,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,I1,DEM12,,24. What language do [q2o2answer] people typically speak to [q2o1answer] people during practices of exchange?,This is highly contextual,The Maltese would speak Italian or English if the Sicilian interlocutor has studied the latter.,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,I2,DEM13,,"25. Typically in contexts of exchange practices, how well do [q2o1answer] people understand the [q2o2answer] language?",NA,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Types,Very well,Well,Somewhat,Poorly,Very poorly,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T1,DEM06,,26. How much do [q2o1answer] children participate in practices of exchange?,They participate a little,"If this means children receiving gifts for special occasions (Christmas, easter, birthday, etc.), this can happen.",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Scalar,They practically always participate,They participate a lot,They participate somewhat,They participate a little,They practically never participate,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T6,DEM39,DEM39-1,"27. Child socialisation. Typically during practices of exchange, do adults other than the parents look after children up to five year of age?",No,Parents always look after their children,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T6,DEM39,DEM39-2,"27. Child socialisation. Typically during practices of exchange, do parents look after children up to five year of age?",Yes,Parents always look after their children,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T6,DEM39,DEM39-3,"27. Child socialisation. Typically during practices of exchange, do children from sibling-kin groups look after children up to five year of age?",No,Parents always look after their children,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T6,DEM39,DEM39-4,"27. Child socialisation. Typically during practices of exchange, do children up to five year of age look after each other as part of the same peer group?",No,Parents always look after their children,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T11,DEM20,,"28. Typically, how much supervision do adults provide to children during practices of exchange?",Constant supervision,,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Scalar,Constant supervision,A lot of supervision,Some supervision,Little supervision,No supervision at all,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T2,DEM21,,29. What language do [q2o2answer] adults typically speak to [q2o1answer] children during practices of exchange?,This is highly contextual,Italian or English,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T4,DEM22,,"30. Typically, what language do [q2o1answer] children prefer to speak with [q2o2answer] adults in the context of exchange?",This is highly contextual,English.  Perhaps a little Italian.,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T5,DEM25,,"31. Typically, what language do [q2o1answer] children speak to [q2o2answer] children during practices of exchange?",This is highly contextual,,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Types,There are no [q2o2answer] children in the domain of exchange,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D1,DEM26,DEM26-1,"32. Marrying out: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody outside their village or other kind of local community?",Yes,"It is up to the individuals concerned.

The Maltese and the Sicilian communities are separate.
Persons who have Sicilian parents but were born and grew up in Malta are considered as Maltese, because they will speak both Maltese and English.",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D1,DEM26,DEM26-2,"32. Marrying out: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody outside their descent group or clan?",Yes,"It is up to the individuals concerned.

The Maltese and the Sicilian communities are separate.
Persons who have Sicilian parents but were born and grew up in Malta are considered as Maltese, because they will speak both Maltese and English.",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D1,DEM26,DEM26-3,"32. Marrying out: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody outside their designated marriage group such as a moiety?",Yes,"It is up to the individuals concerned.

The Maltese and the Sicilian communities are separate.
Persons who have Sicilian parents but were born and grew up in Malta are considered as Maltese, because they will speak both Maltese and English.",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D1,DEM26,DEM26-4,"32. Marrying out: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody outside their hierarchical social group such as class or caste?",Yes,"It is up to the individuals concerned.

The Maltese and the Sicilian communities are separate.
Persons who have Sicilian parents but were born and grew up in Malta are considered as Maltese, because they will speak both Maltese and English.",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D1,DEM26,DEM26-5,"32. Marrying out: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody outside their linguistic group?",Yes,"It is up to the individuals concerned.

The Maltese and the Sicilian communities are separate.
Persons who have Sicilian parents but were born and grew up in Malta are considered as Maltese, because they will speak both Maltese and English.",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D1,DEM27,DEM27-1,"33. Marrying within: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody from the same village or other kind of local community?",No,Choice of partner is totally free.,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D1,DEM27,DEM27-2,"33. Marrying within: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody from the same descent group or clan?",No,Choice of partner is totally free.,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D1,DEM27,DEM27-3,"33. Marrying within: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody from the same designated marriage group such as a moiety?",No,Choice of partner is totally free.,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D1,DEM27,DEM27-4,"33. Marrying within: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody from the same hierarchical social group such as class or caste?",No,Choice of partner is totally free.,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D1,DEM27,DEM27-5,"33. Marrying within: When marrying each other, should [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry somebody from the same linguistic group?",No,Choice of partner is totally free.,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D1,DEM28,DEM28-1,34. Polygyny. Is polygyny possible for [q2o1answer] men?,No,"The Maltese are Catholic, and so are the Sicilians, and follow Catholic traditions even if they don't go to Mass. Bigamy is illegal.",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D1,DEM28,DEM28-2,34. Polygyny. Is polygyny possible for [q2o2answer] men?,No,"The Maltese are Catholic, and so are the Sicilians, and follow Catholic traditions even if they don't go to Mass. Bigamy is illegal.",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D1,DEM28,DEM28-3,34. Polygyny. Is polygyny possible for men from all societal strata?,No,"The Maltese are Catholic, and so are the Sicilians, and follow Catholic traditions even if they don't go to Mass. Bigamy is illegal.",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D1,DEM29,DEM29-1,35. Polyandry. Is polyandry possible for [q2o1answer] women?,No,Maltese and Sicilians are Catholic. Polygyny and polyandry are illegal.,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D1,DEM29,DEM29-2,35. Polyandry. Is polyandry possible for [q2o2answer] women?,No,Maltese and Sicilians are Catholic. Polygyny and polyandry are illegal.,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D1,DEM29,DEM29-3,"35. Polyandry. If possible, is polyandry of fraternal type?",No,Maltese and Sicilians are Catholic. Polygyny and polyandry are illegal.,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D1,DEM29,DEM29-4,"35. Polyandry. If possible, is polyandry of non-fraternal type?",No,Maltese and Sicilians are Catholic. Polygyny and polyandry are illegal.,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D1,DEM37,DEM37-1,36. What type of marriage payments and transfers are expected when [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] marry? Bride wealth,No,"Nowadays arrangements are much freer than in the past.

Traditionally the bride's parents pay the wedding expenses, which pre-Covid used to include a reception of from 200 to 500 guests. Gifts are given by the parents of both and by the guests.",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D1,DEM37,DEM37-2,36. What type of marriage payments and transfers are expected when [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] marry? Dowry,No,"Nowadays arrangements are much freer than in the past.

Traditionally the bride's parents pay the wedding expenses, which pre-Covid used to include a reception of from 200 to 500 guests. Gifts are given by the parents of both and by the guests.",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D1,DEM37,DEM37-3,36. What type of marriage payments and transfers are expected when [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] marry? Other,Yes,"Nowadays arrangements are much freer than in the past.

Traditionally the bride's parents pay the wedding expenses, which pre-Covid used to include a reception of from 200 to 500 guests. Gifts are given by the parents of both and by the guests.",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DEM31,DEM31-1,37. Intermarriage. Is it typical for [q2o1answer] men to marry [q2o2answer] women?,No,"It is a fact that more Sicilian men marry Maltese girls than the other way round. Sicilian (and Italian, and other nationalities) women do marry Maltese men, but it is not very common. Anyway, there are no statistics about this.",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DEM31,DEM31-2,37. Intermarriage. Is it typical for [q2o1answer] women to marry [q2o2answer] men?,Yes,"It is a fact that more Sicilian men marry Maltese girls than the other way round. Sicilian (and Italian, and other nationalities) women do marry Maltese men, but it is not very common. Anyway, there are no statistics about this.",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D6,DEM32,,38. Where do marriage ceremonies between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] take place?,This is highly contextual,"The marriage ceremony takes place in Malta if the bride is Maltese, or in Sicily if the bride is Sicilian,",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Types,At places which belong to the [q2o1answer],At places which belong to the [q2o2answer],At places which belong to some other group,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,S5,DEM34,,39. How would you rate the overall relationship between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people in practices of marriage exchanges?,Friendly,,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Scalar,Friendly,Somewhat friendly,Neutral,Somewhat hostile,Hostile,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,S6,DEM42,,40. What is the proportion of total [q2o1answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o2answer] people in the context of marriage exchanges?,Few people,Very few; my impression is about 1% or less.,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,S7,DEM43,,41. What is the proportion of total [q2o2answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o1answer] people in the context of marriage exchanges? ,Practically no one,"Considering that the total population of Sicily is 5 million and Malta's is half a million, a tiny fraction have this opportunity.",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,BA,DEM35,,42. What is the overall attitude that [q2o1answer] people have towards [q2o2answer] people in practices of marriage exchanges?,Very positive,,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neutral,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,BH,DEM36,,"43. How do [q2o1answer] people view themselves overall in relation to [q2o2answer] people, within the context of marriage?",[q2o1answer] see themselves as neither superior nor inferior to [q2o2answer],"Spouses will consider themselves as equal, otherwise they wouldn't get married.",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Scalar,[q2o1answer] see themselves as very superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as neither superior nor inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as very inferior to [q2o2answer],NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,BI,DEM33,,44. What language do [q2o1answer] people expect to be used in marriage ceremonies with [q2o2answer] people?,This is highly contextual,Italian or English,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T6,DEM30,DEM30-1,45. Does marriage impose any child rearing obligations for both parents and grandparents on both sides?,Yes,"Both parents are responsible for the child. Grandparents help a lot here, when asked to do so.
The other three options [DEM30-2, DEM30-3, DEM30-4] can be resorted to in cases of legal separation or divorce.",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T6,DEM30,DEM30-2,"45. Does marriage impose any child rearing obligations for one parent, and grandparents on both sides?",No,"Both parents are responsible for the child. Grandparents help a lot here, when asked to do so.
The other three options [DEM30-2, DEM30-3, DEM30-4] can be resorted to in cases of legal separation or divorce.",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T6,DEM30,DEM30-3,"45. Does marriage impose any child rearing obligations for one parent, and grandparents on that side?",No,"Both parents are responsible for the child. Grandparents help a lot here, when asked to do so.
The other three options [DEM30-2, DEM30-3, DEM30-4] can be resorted to in cases of legal separation or divorce.",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T6,DEM30,DEM30-4,"45. Does marriage impose any child rearing obligations for one parent, and grandparents from the other side?",No,"Both parents are responsible for the child. Grandparents help a lot here, when asked to do so.
The other three options [DEM30-2, DEM30-3, DEM30-4] can be resorted to in cases of legal separation or divorce.",Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,E1,DEM96,,"46. List any other groups that the [q2o1answer] practiced Social Exchange with in the past, in so far as you believe this had linguistic consequences for the [q2o1answer] language. Where possible, please also give an indication of when this contact through Social Exchange practices happened. ","On the basis of the more common surnames in Malta:
1. Italians; 2. English; 3. French; 4. Spanish.
Lexical enrichment for the Maltese language came / comes mostly form Sicilian and Italian (52.46%) and English (6%).
The Concise dictionary, based on actual usage, shows higher figures for both: Italian 62%, English 8.45%.",NA,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,E4,DEM97,,47. What type of data informed your answers to the questions in the domain of social exchange overall? ,Published or ongoing research project of my own on topics covered in this questionnaire Published material by linguists Published materials by other researchers in other fields,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,TypesMultiple,Impressions from my own fieldwork with the exact or related community,Reports from language consultants,Published or ongoing research project of my own on topics covered in this questionnaire,Published material by linguists,Published materials by other researchers in other fields,Other,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,E5,DEM98,,48. How certain are you in your responses for the domain of social exchange?,Very certain,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,E6,DEM99,,49. List any comments or notes that you feel are relevant to this section of the questionnaire.,"Brincat, Joseph M, Maltese and other languages. A linguistic history of Malta, Malta, Midsea Books, 2011.
Aquilina, Joseph. Maltese-English Dictionary, Malta, Midsea Books, 1987-1990.",NA,Joseph M Brincat,DEM,5,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,P1,DFK00,,"2. Do [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people marry each other, or have they done so in the past?",Yes,"Marriages have taken place mostly between the 15th and the 19th centuries, but they still happen, although the world has become wider nowadays.
Owing to immigration for work, it has been mostly Sicilian men who married Maltese women, which is witnessed by the numerous Sicilian surnames present in Malta. In actual fact the top three (Borg, Vella and Camilleri) are very common in Sicily, but there are many others. Besides, all  Maltese surnames can be detected in Sicily, showing a two-way process, although the bearers are not very numerous.
See Joseph M Brincat, Maltese and other languages. A linguistic history of Malta, Malta, Midsea Books 2021, chapter 6, pp. 213-235; and Mario Cassar (2021), ""Malta and Sicily. An overview of their cognominal kinship"" in Symposia Melitensis, vol. 17, pp. 65-80. ",Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,P2,DFK0a,,2. How long have [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] peoples been forming families with each other for?,"Since prehistory, documented since the 14th century.",,Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,P2N,DFK0aN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",1300-2020,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,P3,DFK0b,,3. What’s the time frame of densest contact between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] as far as family formation is concerned?,"From the 16th to the 19th century, but it is still ongoing, albeit in small numbers.

The densest period of time for contact between Malta and Sicily was from 1050 to around 1550, because political, social and economic ties were practically exclusive. From 1550 onwards such contacts with Italy increased, and ties with the UK began in 1800 but became strong from about 1850 and are strongest today. However, statistics and testimonies for the Sicilian period are scarce, with the result that most of my responses to the questionnaire concern the present time period (roughly the last decades) when contact with Sicily is still ongoing, albeit in a much wider international framework. As regards language, contact with Sicilian died out with the coming of the Knights of St John who introduced Italian, both as an official and a spoken language for the educated classes. Moreover, today the Sicilian dialect is never spoken with foreigners by the Sicilians themselves.",,Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,P3N,DFK0bN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",1500-1800,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,P4,DFK01,,"4. What other languages, if any, are spoken between family members?","In Malta in the past Maltese was the spoken language, Italian was the language of administration, culture and education. Nowadays English is the language usually spoken in the home between the parents and the children where one of the parents is not Maltese, and also by about 10% of families where both parents are Maltese..",,Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D6,DFK35,,5. What is the typical pattern of relocation for [q2o1answer] women when starting a new family?,[q2o1answer] women sometimes relocate to [q2o2answer] locations,Depends on the individual's choice.,Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Scalar,[q2o1answer] women practically always relocate to [q2o2answer] locations,[q2o1answer] women often relocate to [q2o2answer] locations,[q2o1answer] women sometimes relocate to [q2o2answer] locations,[q2o1answer] women rarely relocate to [q2o2answer] locations,[q2o1answer] women practically never relocate to [q2o2answer] locations,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D6,DFK39,,6. What is the typical pattern of relocation for [q2o2answer] women when starting a new family? ,[q2o2answer] women sometimes relocate to [q2o1answer] locations,"Some Sicilian women relocate to Malta when they marry a Maltese man, like most other foreign women.",Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Scalar,[q2o2answer] women practically always relocate to [q2o1answer] locations,[q2o2answer] women often relocate to [q2o1answer] locations,[q2o2answer] women sometimes relocate to [q2o1answer] locations,[q2o2answer] women rarely relocate to [q2o1answer] locations,[q2o2answer] women practically never relocate to [q2o1answer] locations,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D1,DFK02,DFK02-1,7. Do mothers form a co-residential unit with their children and their husbands?,Yes,"Relocation with the mother's family did happen in the past, especially during World War II and rconstruction in the 1950s. However, this is no longer the case. Relocation with mother-in-laws was rare.",Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D1,DFK02,DFK02-2,7. Do mothers form a co-residential unit with their children and their mothers?,No,"Relocation with the mother's family did happen in the past, especially during World War II and rconstruction in the 1950s. However, this is no longer the case. Relocation with mother-in-laws was rare.",Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D1,DFK02,DFK02-3,7. Do mothers form a co-residential unit with their children and their mother in laws?,No,"Relocation with the mother's family did happen in the past, especially during World War II and rconstruction in the 1950s. However, this is no longer the case. Relocation with mother-in-laws was rare.",Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D10,DFK40,,8. Do [q2o1answer] people experience family life differently depending on social group?,Yes,"There may be slight differences, according to the normal European model. It mostly depends on the professional status of the spouses, rather than on class.",Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,S1,DFK03,,"9. Typically, how much of their lives do spouses spend with each other during the course of their lifetime?",Some of their lives,"The ideal is that spouses and partners live together for life, but obviously there are separations and divorces. Usually children live with their parents until they marry. Nowadays some move out of home, even if they are single, around the age of 25-30.",Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Scalar,Practically all their lives,Much of their lives,Some of their lives,A little of their lives,Practically none of their lives,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,S4,DFK37,,10. How physically proximate to each other are the households of the husband and wife?,Very proximate to each other,Spouses and partners live in the same house. ,Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Scalar,Very proximate to each other,Proximate to each other,Somewhat proximate to each other,Far from each other,Very far from each other,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,BA,DFK16,,11. What is the overall level of affection that the [q2o1answer] person has towards their [q2o2answer] spouse?,Very affectionate,,Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Scalar,Very affectionate,Affectionate,Neutral,Unaffectionate,Very unaffectionate,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,O1,DFK06,,12. What language do [q2o1answer] people typically speak with their [q2o2answer] spouse?,This is highly contextual,"Mostly Italian, sometimes English if the Sicilian husband prefers it or if they reside in Malta. This helps him integrate better with his workmates, with the wife's family and of course with his own children, who do their schooling in English.",Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,O2,DFK07,,13. Do [q2o1answer] people typically simplify their [q2o1answer] language when speaking with their [q2o2answer] spouse?,NA,,Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Types,Yes,No,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,O3,DFK08,,"14. Typically in the domain of family, how fluently to [q2o1answer] people speak the [q2o2answer] language?",NA,,Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Scalar,Very fluently,Fluently,Somewhat fluently,A little fluently,Not fluently at all,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,I1,DFK09,,15. What language do [q2o2answer] people typically speak with their [q2o1answer] spouse?,This is highly contextual,"Depending on the context, social and emotional, but mostly Italian (if they are fluent), or English. ",Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,I2,DFK10,,"16. Typically in the domain of family, how well do [q2o1answer] people understand the [q2o2answer] language?",Very poorly,"Nobody speaks Sicilian in Malta, not even the Sicilians themselves. They might occasionally if their family come over, or with Sicilians who live here, for ""chumminess"", but Sicilian is little spoken in Sicily itself. At best they would speak the Sicilian regional variety of Italian.",Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Scalar,Very well,Well,Somewhat,Poorly,Very poorly,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T6,DFK04,DFK04-1,"17. Looking after children. Typically, do fathers look after children up to five year of age?",Yes,Couples living together look after their children. Separated couples share looking after their children as the need arises.,Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T6,DFK04,DFK04-2,"17. Looking after children. Typically, do mothers primarily look after children up to five year of age?",Yes,Couples living together look after their children. Separated couples share looking after their children as the need arises.,Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T6,DFK04,DFK04-3,17. Looking after children. Do adults other than the parents look after children up to five year of age?,No,Couples living together look after their children. Separated couples share looking after their children as the need arises.,Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T6,DFK04,DFK04-4,17. Looking after children. Do children from sibling-kin groups look after children up to five year of age?,No,Couples living together look after their children. Separated couples share looking after their children as the need arises.,Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T6,DFK04,DFK04-5,17. Looking after children. Do children up to five year of age look after each other as part of the same peer group?,No,Couples living together look after their children. Separated couples share looking after their children as the need arises.,Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T11,DFK24,,"18. Typically, how much supervision do grandparents provide to children?",Some supervision,"Only when asked by the parents, e.g. during holidays when parents work, or when they are invited out for a long evening, or go abroad.",Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Scalar,Constant supervision,A lot of supervision,Some supervision,Little supervision,No supervision at all,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,BI,DFK05,,19. What language are children expected to speak to their [q2o2answer] parent?,Some other language,"English, mostly, sometimes Italian. This is agreed between the parents.",Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T7,DFK20,,20. What language do [q2o1answer] parents typically speak with their children?,This is highly contextual,English (some families in the middle and upper classes); Maltese only (lower classes).,Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T8,DFK21,,21. What language do [q2o2answer] parents typically speak with their children?,Some other language,"Depends on the parents' choice. I would say ""typically"" English.",Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T9,DFK22,,22. What language do children typically speak with their [q2o1answer] parent?,This is highly contextual,"English or Maltese, depending on context.",Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T10,DFK23,,23. What language do children typically speak with their [q2o2answer] parent?,This is highly contextual,"This depends on the Sicilian parent's choice, in agreement with the Maltese parent, that is either Italian or English.",Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T2,DFK25,,24. What language do [q2o2answer] grandparent/aunts/uncles typically speak to the children?,Some other language,"If they live in Sicily, and are over 40 years old, they would speak Italian.",Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T4,DFK26,,"25. Typically, what language do [q2o1answer] children speak with their [q2o2answer] grandparents/aunts/uncles?",Some other language,"Mainly English, sometimes Italian if the parents spoke it to them at home.",Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D9,DFK38,DFK38-1,26. Are any of the following features characteristic when speaking to one’s [q2o2answer] in-laws? Lexical avoidance,B,This depends on the Maltese parent's fluency in Italian.,Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D9,DFK38,DFK38-2,26. Are any of the following features characteristic when speaking to one’s [q2o2answer] in-laws? The use of certain morphosyntactic forms,B,This depends on the Maltese parent's fluency in Italian.,Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D9,DFK38,DFK38-3,26. Are any of the following features characteristic when speaking to one’s [q2o2answer] in-laws? The use of certain pronominal forms,B,This depends on the Maltese parent's fluency in Italian.,Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,S1,DFK12,,"27. Thinking about the [q2o1answer] person and their [q2o2answer] in-laws, how often would they typically meet?",Rarely,"Once a year, usually.",Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Scalar,Very often,Often,Sometimes,Rarely,Very rarely,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,S3,DFK15,,28. How many people are typically involved in interactions between a [q2o1answer] person and their [q2o2answer] in-laws?,Interactions are practically always under 5 people,A family usually consists of less than five people.,Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Scalar,Interactions are practically always under 5 people,Interactions are often under 5 people,Interactions are sometimes under 5 people,Interactions are rarely under 5 people,Interactions are practically never under 5 people,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,S4,DFK11,,29. How physically proximate to each other are a [q2o1answer] person and their [q2o2answer] in-laws?,Somewhat proximate to each other,Travel by air and by sea is frequent and fast.,Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Scalar,Very proximate to each other,Proximate to each other,Somewhat proximate to each other,Far from each other,Very far from each other,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,S5,DFK14,,30. How would you rate the overall relationship between a [q2o1answer] person and their [q2o2answer] in-laws?,Friendly,,Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Scalar,Friendly,Somewhat friendly,Neutral,Somewhat hostile,Hostile,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,BA,DFK33,,31. What is the overall attitude that a [q2o1answer] person has towards their [q2o2answer] in-laws?,Very positive,,Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neutral,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,O1,DFK30,,32. Your child has married a [q2o2answer] person. What language do you typically speak when speaking with your [q2o2answer] son/daughter-in-law?,Some other language,"I would speak Italian if they live in Sicily, Italian or English if they reside in Malta.",Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,O2,DFK31,,"33. Typically, does a [q2o1answer] person simplify their [q2o1answer] language when speaking to their [q2o2answer] in-laws?",NA,"Nobody speaks to Italians, and any other foreigners, in Maltese.",Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Types,Yes,No,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,O3,DFK32,,"34. Typically, how fluently does a [q2o1answer] person speak the [q2o2answer] language when speaking to their [q2o2answer] in-laws?",NA,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Scalar,Very fluently,Fluently,Somewhat fluently,A little fluently,Not fluently at all,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,I1,DFK28,,"35. Your child has married a [q2o2answer] person. What language does your child’s spouse typically speak to you, a [q2o1answer] person?",Some other language,I expect him/her to speak Italian with me.,Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,I2,DFK29,,"36. Typically, how well does a [q2o1answer] person understand the [q2o2answer] in-law’s language?",NA,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Scalar,Very well,Well,Somewhat,Poorly,Very poorly,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,I1,DFK34,,37. You have married a [q2o2answer] person. What language do you typically speak to your [q2o2answer] in-laws (your spouse’s parents and siblings)?,Some other language,"Italian, of course.",Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,I2,DFKXX,,"37b. Typically, how well does a [q2o1answer] person understand the [q2o2answer] in-law’s language?",NA,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Scalar,Very well,Well,Somewhat,Poorly,Very poorly,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,E1,DFK96,,38. Who do [q2o1answer] people typically form families with besides [q2o2answer] people?,Other [q2o1answer] people,"Maltese mixed marriages happen with all kinds of foreigners, depending on personal choice. The majority in the past 100 years have been English or Italian.",Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Types,Other [q2o1answer] people,People from other groups,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,E4,DFK97,,"39. What type of data informed your answers to the questions in the domain of family and kin, overall?",Published or ongoing research project of my own on topics covered in this questionnaire Published material by linguists Published materials by other researchers in other fields,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,TypesMultiple,Impressions from my own fieldwork with the exact or related community,Reports from language consultants,Published or ongoing research project of my own on topics covered in this questionnaire,Published material by linguists,Published materials by other researchers in other fields,Other,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,E5,DFK98,,40. How certain are you in your responses for the domain of family and kin?,Very certain,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,E6,DFK99,,41. List any comments or notes that you feel are relevant to this section of the questionnaire.,"More mixed marriages used to take place in Malta when the British Armed Forces had a strong presence here, obviously between English young men and Maltese girls.
Nowadays, international contacts are wider, and many foreigners of different origins work and live in Malta.",,Joseph M Brincat,DFK,5,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,P1,DLB00,,1. Has work ever been a relevant domain of contact between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer]?,Yes,,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,P2,DLB0a,,2. How long have [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people worked together for?,Almost exclusively in one direction: Sicilians coming over to work in Malta.,,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,P2N,DLB0aN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",1300-2020,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,P3,DLB0b,,3. What is the time frame when the largest number of people had the most opportunities for interaction in the labour domain?,"1400 - 1800. 2004-2021 (membership of the EU)

The densest period of time for contact between Malta and Sicily was from 1050 to around 1550, because political, social and economic ties were practically exclusive. From 1550 onwards such contacts with Italy increased, and ties with the UK began in 1800 but became strong from about 1850 and are strongest today. However, statistics and testimonies for the Sicilian period are scarce, with the result that most of my responses to the questionnaire concern the present time period (roughly the last decades) when contact with Sicily is still ongoing, albeit in a much wider international framework. As regards language, contact with Sicilian died out with the coming of the Knights of St John who introduced Italian, both as an official and a spoken language for the educated classes. Moreover, today the Sicilian dialect is never spoken with foreigners by the Sicilians themselves.",,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,P3N,DLB0bN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",2004-2021,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,P4,DLB01,,"4. What other languages, if any, are spoken in the labour domain?",Mostly English,,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D1,DLB02,,5. How commonly are [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people involved in public modes of production?,Somewhat commonly,"It is not easy to distinguish between ""Italian"" and ""Sicilian"" nowadays, although the impression is that a slight majority of the ""Italians"" working in Malta come from Sicily.
Very few foreigners work in government offices, where the Maltese language is a must, but a good number of doctors and nurses work in the hospitals, there is a good number of acaDEMics at the university, skilled and unskilled labourers, as well as cashiers etc in supermarkets and waiters and waitresses in catering establishments.
The range is wide, and has to be seen in the international context: 
From December 2002 to Dec 2016 foreign workers in Malta jumped from 3854 to 36,138, of which 2,500 and 29,256 respectively came from Europe.
In 2018, 9,500 persons with Work Permits came from Italy, 5,000 from the UK and 2,500 from Bulgaria, with lower figures from other nations.",Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Scalar,Very commonly,Commonly,Somewhat commonly,Uncommonly,Very uncommonly,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D4,DLB04,,6. Is there hierarchy involved in work?,No,,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D6,DLB05,,7. Where do [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people typically work together?,This is highly contextual,"The old Royal Navy dockyard, what is left of it, is now run by an Italian Company, Palumbo. Some restaurants and pizzerias are owned by Sicilian and Italian persons.",Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Types,At places which belong to the [q2o1answer],At places which belong to the [q2o2answer],At places which belong to some other group,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D11,DLB29,,8. How much influence can the [q2o1answer] exert over the terms of work?,Influence is practically always exerted,,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Scalar,Influence is practically always exerted,Influence is very much exerted,Influence is somewhat exerted,Influence is exerted very little,Influence is practically never exerted,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D9,DLB06,,9. Are there any speech styles used during work?,Yes,"Depending on the level of education required at the work place, standard British English is written and spoken, with unmonitored (""broken"" or ""international"") English at the lower social levels.",Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D12,DLB31,,"10. How often are these speech styles typically used during work, in comparison with unmonitored speech?",Sometimes,"Let's say that everybody aims at speaking standard English, but there's a continuum leading down to ""broken"" English.",Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Scalar,Always,Sometimes,As much as unmonitored speech,Rarely,Never,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DLB03,DLB03-1,"11. Involvement in work. Does involvement in work differ based on hierarchies associated to profession or wealth, such as a person's class and caste?",Yes,A person's level of education accounts for differences in language competence and use.,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DLB03,DLB03-2,"11. Involvement in work. Does involvement in work differ based on whether a person belongs to some magico-religiously sanctioned group, such as religious denomination?",Yes,A person's level of education accounts for differences in language competence and use.,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DLB03,DLB03-3,"11. Involvement in work. Does involvement in work domain differ based on a person's descent group, such as clan, house, lineage group, kinship group?",Yes,A person's level of education accounts for differences in language competence and use.,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DLB03,DLB03-4,"11. Involvement in work. Does involvement in work domain differ based on a person’s group of land ownership, such as tribe, clan, territorial group?",No,A person's level of education accounts for differences in language competence and use.,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DLB03,DLB03-5,"11. Involvement in work. Does involvement in work differ based on a person’s race, ethnicity, or some other similar grouping?",No,A person's level of education accounts for differences in language competence and use.,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DLB03,DLB03-6,11. Involvement in work. Does involvement in work differ based on a person’s age or life stage?,Yes,A person's level of education accounts for differences in language competence and use.,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DLB03,DLB03-7,11. Involvement in work. Does involvement in work differ based on a person’s place identity and affiliation?,Yes,A person's level of education accounts for differences in language competence and use.,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DLB03,DLB03-8,11. Involvement in work. Does involvement in work differ based on a person’s sex or gender?,No,A person's level of education accounts for differences in language competence and use.,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DLB03,DLB03-9,11. Involvement in work. Does involvement in work differ based on any other communities of practice?,No,A person's level of education accounts for differences in language competence and use.,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D10,DLB30,,12. Do [q2o1answer] people experience work differently depending on social group?,Yes,Class tends to reflect the individual's linguistic competence and choice of language (English / Maltese). Educated women tend to use English more frequently than educated men among themselves.,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,S1,DLB07,,13. How often do [q2o1answer] people work with [q2o2answer] people?,Sometimes,,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Scalar,Very often,Often,Sometimes,Rarely,Very rarely,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,S3,DLB09,,14. How many people are typically involved in interactions between [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people when working?,Interactions are sometimes under 5 people,"Considering that the total labour force in Malta was 239,427 in December 2018, and that the number of Italian persons legally working in Malta stood at 9,500, the percentage cannot be high.",Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Scalar,Interactions are practically always under 5 people,Interactions are often under 5 people,Interactions are sometimes under 5 people,Interactions are rarely under 5 people,Interactions are practically never under 5 people,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,S4,DLB10,,15. How physically proximate to each other are people when working?,Somewhat proximate to each other,"In Malta itself (316 sq km) the most distant points are only 30 km apart. It is more a question of frequency (say, how many times will a Maltese person go to an Italian trattoria or pizzeria in Malta). In other workplaces people could meet every day but the italian/Sicilian workers will only be one or two.",Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Scalar,Very proximate to each other,Proximate to each other,Somewhat proximate to each other,Far from each other,Very far from each other,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,S5,DLB11,,16. How would you rate the overall relationship between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people involved in work?,Friendly,,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Scalar,Friendly,Somewhat friendly,Neutral,Somewhat hostile,Hostile,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,S6,DLB27,,"17. What is the proportion of total [q2o1answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o2answer] people, in work?",Few people,"Maltese speakers are 87.6% of the population. Those who can speak English are 82.9%, and Italian 53.6%.
Use of Italian is mostly passive, by watching Italian TV (about 20% of the audience in prime time). Italian is spoken only with Italian persons who do not know English, mainly tourists. Italians residing in Malta try hard to practice their English.",Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,S7,DLB28,,"18. What is the proportion of total [q2o2answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o1answer] people, in work?",Few people,"The Maltese do not distinguish between Sicilian and Italian, since they all speak Italian here. Also, in Sicily Sicilians won't speak their dialect to Maltese people.",Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,BA,DLB22,,19. What is the overall attitude that [q2o1answer] people have towards [q2o2answer] people in work?,Very positive,,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neutral,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,BH,DLB23,,"20. How do [q2o1answer] people view themselves overall in relation to [q2o2answer] people, within the context of work?",[q2o1answer] see themselves as superior to [q2o2answer],"A bit superior, since Sicily is considered, like the south of Italy, socially and economically less advanced than the North.",Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Scalar,[q2o1answer] see themselves as very superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as superior to [q2o2answer],q2o1answer] see themselves as neither superior nor inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as very inferior to [q2o2answer],NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,BI,DLB25,,21. What language do [q2o1answer] people expect to be used when working with [q2o2answer] people?,Some other language,Italian or English,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,O1,DLB32,,22. What language do [q2o1answer] people typically speak when working with [q2o2answer] people?,Some other language,Italian or English,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,O2,DLB13,,23. Do [q2o1answer] people typically simplify their language when working with [q2o2answer] people?,NA,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Types,Yes,No,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,O3,DLB14,,"24. Typically in work, how fluently do [q2o1answer] people speak the [q2o2answer] language?",NA,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Scalar,Very fluently,Fluently,Somewhat fluently,A little fluently,Not fluently at all,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,I1,DLB15,,25. What language do [q2o2answer] people typically speak when working with [q2o1answer] people?,Some other language,Italian or English,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,I2,DLB16,,"26. Typically in work, how well do [q2o1answer] people understand the [q2o2answer] language?",NA,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Scalar,Very well,Well,Somewhat,Poorly,Very poorly,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T1,DLB17,,27. How much do [q2o1answer] children participate in work?,They practically never participate,,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Scalar,They practically always participate,They participate a lot,They participate somewhat,They participate a little,They practically never participate,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T6,DLB21,DLB21-1,"28. Looking after children during work. Typically, do adults other than the parents look after children up to five year of age during work?",NA,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T6,DLB21,DLB21-2,"28. Looking after children during work. Typically, do parents look after children up to five year of age during work?",NA,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T6,DLB21,DLB21-3,"28. Looking after children during work. Typically, do children from sibling-kin groups look after children up to five year of age during work?",NA,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T6,DLB21,DLB21-4,"28. Looking after children during work. Typically, do children up to five year of age look after each other as part of the same peer group during work?",NA,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T11,DLB26,,"29. Typically, how much supervision do adults provide to children in work?",NA,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Scalar,Constant supervision,A lot of supervision,Some supervision,Little supervision,No supervision at all,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T2,DLB18,,30. What language do [q2o2answer] adults typically speak to a [q2o1answer] children in work?,NA,,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T4,DLB19,,"31. Typically, what language do [q2o1answer] children from four/five year of age prefer to speak with [q2o2answer] adults in work?",NA,,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T5,DLB20,,"32. Typically, what language would a [q2o1answer] child speak to [q2o2answer] children in work?",NA,,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Types,[q2o1answer] children do not interact with [q2o2answer] children,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,E1,DLB96,,"33. List any other groups that the [q2o1answer] people worked with in the past. List any other group in so far as you believe they had linguistic consequences for the [q2o1answer] language. Where possible, please also give an indication of when this interaction happened.","The Maltese lexicon, as registered in the most authoritative Maltese-English Dictionary (Joseph Aquilina, 1987-1990) is composed for 52.38% of Sicilian and Italian words, 32.41% Arabic, 6.12% English, but the words of Arabic origin are more frequently used (grammatical terms and hypernyms or common vocabulary).
Its stratigraphy is: Arabic: from 1000 to 1241;
Sicilian: 1184 to 1530;
Italian: from 1530 to the present;
English from 1814 to the present.",NA,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,E4,DLB97,,"34. What type of data informed your answers to the questions in the domain of labour, overall?",Published or ongoing research project of my own on topics covered in this questionnaire Published material by linguists Published materials by other researchers in other fields,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,TypesMultiple,Impressions from my own fieldwork with the exact or related community,Reports from language consultants,Published or ongoing research project of my own on topics covered in this questionnaire,Published material by linguists,Published materials by other researchers in other fields,Other,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,E5,DLB98,,35. How certain are you in your responses for the domain of labour?,Very certain,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,E6,DLB99,,36. List any comments or notes that you feel are relevant to this section of the questionnaire.,"The main difficulty in this questionnaire is that Sicilian is spoken very little nowadays in Sicily itself: 9% Sicilian only with family and friends: 30% Sicilian and Italian with family and friends; with strangers Sicilian only 1.8%, Sic or Italian 10% (Ruffino 2018).
Moreover, Maltese people don't distinguish between Sicilians and Italians because they all speak Italian outside their respective regions.",NA,Joseph M Brincat,DLB,4,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,P1,DLC00,,1. Has the local community ever been a relevant domain of contact between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer]?,Yes,"This was stronger in the past, 1200-1900, mainly through Sicilian immigrants. In the 20th century immigrants came mainly from the UK, but nowadays thousands come in from all over the world.",Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,P2,DLC0a,,2. How long have [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people been in contact in the local community?,"Since prehistory, but documented mostly from 1300 to the present, with highs in the period 1400 - 1800.

The densest period of time for contact between Malta and Sicily was from 1050 to around 1550, because political, social and economic ties were practically exclusive. From 1550 onwards such contacts with Italy increased, and ties with the UK began in 1800 but became strong from about 1850 and are strongest today. However, statistics and testimonies for the Sicilian period are scarce, with the result that most of my responses to the questionnaire concern the present time period (roughly the last decades) when contact with Sicily is still ongoing, albeit in a much wider international framework. As regards language, contact with Sicilian died out with the coming of the Knights of St John who introduced Italian, both as an official and a spoken language for the educated classes. Moreover, today the Sicilian dialect is never spoken with foreigners by the Sicilians themselves.",,Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,P2N,DLC0aN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",1300-2020,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,P3,DLC0b,,3. What is the time frame when the largest number of people had the most opportunities for interaction in the local community?,"From 1300 to the present, with highs in the period 1400 - 1800.

The densest period of time for contact between Malta and Sicily was from 1050 to around 1550, because political, social and economic ties were practically exclusive. From 1550 onwards such contacts with Italy increased, and ties with the UK began in 1800 but became strong from about 1850 and are strongest today. However, statistics and testimonies for the Sicilian period are scarce, with the result that most of my responses to the questionnaire concern the present time period (roughly the last decades) when contact with Sicily is still ongoing, albeit in a much wider international framework. As regards language, contact with Sicilian died out with the coming of the Knights of St John who introduced Italian, both as an official and a spoken language for the educated classes. Moreover, today the Sicilian dialect is never spoken with foreigners by the Sicilians themselves.",,Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,P3N,DLC0bN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",1400-1800,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,P4,DLC01,,"4. What other languages, if any, are spoken in the local community?","English 83%, Italian 54%, French 20%, German 5%, Arabic 4%, according to the 2011 census.
Of these languages only English is spoken habitually at home by about 7% of the Maltese population.",,Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D1,DLC02,,5. Choose one of the following where [q2o1answer] people are most likely to speak in an unmonitored way.,Band,,Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Types,Nuclear Family,Band,Neighbourhood or village,Town or city,Other,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D6,DLC28,,6. Where do [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people typically meet up in the local community?,This is highly contextual,"In Malta Maltese and Sicilians would meet mostly at restaurants and pizzerias. Some Sicilians work in different places, both on the professional and on the labour level. But they will speak in Italian or English, never in Sicilian.",Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Types,At places which belong to the [q2o1answer],At places which belong to the [q2o2answer],At places which belong to some other group,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D11,DLC27,,7. How much influence can the [q2o1answer] exert over [q2o2answer] in the activities of the local community?,Influence is practically never exerted,,Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Scalar,Influence is practically always exerted,Influence is very much exerted,Influence is somewhat exerted,Influence is exerted very little,Influence is practically never exerted,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DLC25,DLC25-1,"8. Involvement in the Local Community. Does involvement in the local community differ based on hierarchies associated to profession or wealth, such as a person's class and caste?",Yes,,Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DLC25,DLC25-2,"8. Involvement in the Local Community. Does involvement in the local community differ based on whether a person belongs to some magico-religiously sanctioned group, such as religious denomination?",No,,Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DLC25,DLC25-3,"8. Involvement in the Local Community. Does involvement in the local community differ based on a person's descent group, such as clan, house, lineage group, kinship group?",No,,Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DLC25,DLC25-4,"8. Involvement in the Local Community. Does involvement in the local community differ based on a person’s group of land ownership, such as tribe, clan, territorial group?",No,,Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DLC25,DLC25-5,"8. Involvement in the Local Community. Does involvement in the local community differ based on a person’s race, ethnicity, or some other similar grouping?",No,,Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DLC25,DLC25-6,8. Involvement in the Local Community. Does involvement in the local community differ based on a person’s age or life stage?,No,,Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DLC25,DLC25-7,8. Involvement in the Local Community. Does involvement in the local community differ based on a person’s place identity and affiliation?,No,,Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DLC25,DLC25-8,8. Involvement in the Local Community. Does involvement in the local community differ based on a person’s sex or gender?,No,,Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DLC25,DLC25-9,8. Involvement in the Local Community. Does involvement in the local community differ based on any other communities of practice?,No,,Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D10,DLC29,,9. Do [q2o1answer] people experience the local community differently depending on social group?,Yes,"the densest personal contact between Maltese and Sicilian persons happens in mixed marriages. However, here it is the Sicilian husband or wife who adapts to the local situation, even linguistically, that is by acquiring competence in English or Maltese. Logically, on the contrary, in Sicily it is the Maltese husband or wife who adapts to the local situation by speaking only Italian and, perhaps, some Sicilian words and expressions.",Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,S1,DLC16,,10. How often do [q2o1answer] people interact with [q2o2answer] people in the local community?,Sometimes,,Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Scalar,Very often,Often,Sometimes,Rarely,Very rarely,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,S3,DLC15,,11. How many people are typically involved in interactions between [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people in the local community?,Interactions are practically always under 5 people,"Interaction is always on a personal level, mostly one-to-one.",Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Scalar,Interactions are practically always under 5 people,Interactions are often under 5 people,Interactions are sometimes under 5 people,Interactions are rarely under 5 people,Interactions are practically never under 5 people,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,S4,DLC05,,12. How physically proximate to each other are people in the local community?,Very proximate to each other,"Malta is small, the maximum distance between extremities is 30 km. Sicilians like other foreigners live in the same towns or villages as the Maltese",Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Scalar,Very proximate to each other,Proximate to each other,Somewhat proximate to each other,Far from each other,Very far from each other,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,S5,DLC14,,13. How would you rate the overall relationship between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people in the local community?,Friendly,,Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Scalar,Friendly,Somewhat friendly,Neutral,Somewhat hostile,Hostile,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,S6,DLC32,,"14. What is the proportion of total [q2o1answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o2answer] people, in the form of local communities?",Some people,"Apart from the Sicilians who work in Malta, interaction is strong in tourism: 55,000 Maltese travelled to Italy in 2018, and 391,000 Italian tourists came to Malta. There are no separate figures for Sicily, but the ease of travel surmises the biggest regional group. Flights to Catania take 30 mins, trips by sea on fast catamarans take about 2 hours.",Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,S7,DLC33,,"15. What is the proportion of total [q2o2answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o1answer] people, in the form of local communities?",Some people,"As above: Apart from the Sicilians who work in Malta, interaction is strong in tourism: 55,000 Maltese travelled to Italy in 2018, and 391,000 Italian tourists came to Malta. There are no separate figures for Sicily, but the ease of travel surmises the biggest regional group. However, considering the huge difference in population numbers, I would say that very few Sicilian persons come into contact with Maltese persons.",Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,BA,DLC18,,16. What is the overall attitude that [q2o1answer] people have towards [q2o2answer] people in the local community?,Very positive,,Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neutral,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,BH,DLC19,,"17. How do [q2o1answer] people view themselves overall in relation to [q2o2answer] people, in the context of the local community?",[q2o1answer] see themselves as superior to [q2o2answer],,Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Scalar,[q2o1answer] see themselves as very superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as superior to [q2o2answer],q2o1answer] see themselves as neither superior nor inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as very inferior to [q2o2answer],NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,BI,DLC04,,18. What language do [q2o1answer] people expect to be used with [q2o2answer] people in the local community?,Some other language,"Generally Italian, sometimes English.",Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,O1,DLC11,,19. What language do [q2o1answer] people typically speak with [q2o2answer] people in the local community?,Some other language,"Generally Italian, sometimes English.",Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,O2,DLC12,,20. Do [q2o1answer] people typically simplify their language when speaking with [q2o2answer] people in the local community?,NA,,Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Types,Yes,No,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,O3,DLC13,,"21. Typically in the local community, how fluently do [q2o1answer] people speak the [q2o2answer] language?",NA,Sicilian is totally unknown to Maltese persons [today].,Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Scalar,Very fluently,Fluently,Somewhat fluently,A little fluently,Not fluently at all,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,I1,DLC09,,22. What language do [q2o2answer] people typically speak with [q2o1answer] people in the local community?,Some other language,"Generally italian, but increasingly English.",Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,I2,DLC10,,"23. Typically in the local community, how well do [q2o1answer] people understand the [q2o2answer] language?",NA,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Scalar,Very well,Well,Somewhat,Poorly,Very poorly,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T1,DLC31,,24. How much do [q2o1answer] children participate in the activities of the local community?,They participate somewhat,"Practically all Maltese children speak Maltese, except those who speak English at home (7%). As to participation in activities of the local community, they participate as much as normal children in other European countries, according to their age.",Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Scalar,They practically always participate,They participate a lot,They participate somewhat,They participate a little,They practically never participate,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T6,DLC03,DLC03-1,"25. Looking after children in the local community. Typically, do adults other than the parents look after children up to five year of age in the local community?",No,,Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T6,DLC03,DLC03-2,"25. Looking after children in the local community. Typically, do parents look after children up to five year of age in the local community?",Yes,,Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T6,DLC03,DLC03-3,"25. Looking after children in the local community. Typically, do children from sibling-kin groups look after children up to five year of age in local community?",No,,Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T6,DLC03,DLC03-4,"25. Looking after children in the local community. Typically, do children up to five year of age look after each other as part of the same peer group in the local community?",No,,Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T11,DLC20,,"26. Typically in the local community, how much supervision do adults provide to children’s own activities, such as playing?",A lot of supervision,,Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Scalar,Constant supervision,A lot of supervision,Some supervision,Little supervision,No supervision at all,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T2,DLC21,,27. What language do [q2o2answer] adults typically speak to a [q2o1answer] children?,Some other language,"As children do not learn Italian at primary school, and some start learning it in form 3 of the secondary school, Siciians will have to do their best, which is usually not much, to speak in English.",Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T4,DLC22,,"28. Typically, what language do [q2o1answer] children from four/five year of age prefer to speak with [q2o2answer] adults?",Some other language,"In English. Even if they know some Italian (which is taught only in 11+ secondary schools), they feel more at ease speaking in English.",Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T5,DLC23,,"29. Typically, what language would a [q2o1answer] child speak to [q2o2answer] children in the local community?",Some other language,Definitely English,Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Types,[q2o1answer] children do not interact with [q2o2answer] children],The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,E1,DLC96,,"30. List any other groups that the [q2o1answer] formed local communities with in the past, in so far as you believe this had linguistic consequences for the [q2o1answer] language. Where possible, please also give an indication of when this happened.","The influence of the Sicilian dialect on the Maltese language was strongest between 1200 and 1530, when Chancery Sicilian was the language of administration, and up to about 1700, as an informal and occasional vehicle mainly in the lower social labour groups. From 1530 onwards Italian became the language of administration, culture and instruction, and enriched the Maltese lexicon for up to 60%. In 1946 primary education became compulsory and only Maltese and English are taught. English is therefore increasingly enriching the Maltese lexicon with new words, and in informal conversation a lot of code-switching goes on.",,Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,E4,DLC97,,"31. What type of data informed your answers to the questions in the domain of local community, overall?",Impressions from my own fieldwork with the exact or related community Published or ongoing research project of my own on topics covered in this questionnaire Published materials by other researchers in other fields,,Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,TypesMultiple,Impressions from my own fieldwork with the exact or related community,Reports from language consultants,Published or ongoing research project of my own on topics covered in this questionnaire,Published material by linguists,Published materials by other researchers in other fields,Other,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,E5,DLC98,,32. How certain are you in your responses for the domain of local community?,Very certain,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,E6,DLC99,,33. List any comments or notes that you feel are relevant to this section of the questionnaire.,"The choice of Sicilian as a ""Neighbour group"" is only applicable to the past. Italian was the official language from 1530, twinned with English from 1813 to 1936, when it was dropped. Nowadays use of italian is mainly passive through the viewership of Italian television channels, at present consisting of about 20% in prime time.",NA,Joseph M Brincat,DLC,2,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,P1,DKN00,,1. Have [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people occupied the same spaces of knowledge transfer together?,Yes,"Education is free for all in state schools, from nursery school up to University first degrees (3 year courses). Registration for Master's and Ph.D. is against payment, but this is very modest compared to British Universities. There are also Church schools, run by religious orders, which accept a donation, and private schools with standard yearly fees up to secondary level.
",Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,P2,DKN0a,,2. How long have [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people been involved in the knowledge domain together for?,"Contact in Sicilian or Sicilianate Italian: 1200 to 1800 circa.
Since 1800 contact has been through Italian.

The densest period of time for contact between Malta and Sicily was from 1050 to around 1550, because political, social and economic ties were practically exclusive. From 1550 onwards such contacts with Italy increased, and ties with the UK began in 1800 but became strong from about 1850 and are strongest today. However, statistics and testimonies for the Sicilian period are scarce, with the result that most of my responses to the questionnaire concern the present time period (roughly the last decades) when contact with Sicily is still ongoing, albeit in a much wider international framework. As regards language, contact with Sicilian died out with the coming of the Knights of St John who introduced Italian, both as an official and a spoken language for the educated classes. Moreover, today the Sicilian dialect is never spoken with foreigners by the Sicilians themselves.",,Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,P2N,DKN0aN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",1200-2020,"Earliest documents in Chancery Sicilian received (1397) and written in Malta (1398) date back to the 14th century.

15th century documents record the presence of Sicilian monks and the employment of Sicilian teachers in Maltese schools.",Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,P3,DKN0b,,3. What is the time frame when the largest number of people had the most opportunities for interaction in the knowledge domain?,"From the 13th to the 18th century.
Documents show that Italian was spoken with a Sicilianate pronununciation and lexicon up to around 1750 by Maltese persons of little or no formal education.",,Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,P3N,DKN0bN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",1200-1700,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,P4,DKN01,,"4. What other languages, if any, are spoken in the knowledge domain?","The most formal language was Latin, which was exclusively written (eg. notarial acts, religion, administration, and culture). The use of Italian  increased gradually from the 17th century onwards in administration and in the production of local literary works.",,Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D1,DKN02,,5. The most influential form of knowledge in this contact scenario is:,Global,,Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Types,Global,Local,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D4,DKN04,,6. The relationship between [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people in the knowledge domain can typically be characterised as:,"[q2o2answer] people are masters, [q2o1answer] are novices","From the arrival of the Normans up to the arrival of the Knights of St. John, Malta was ruled from Sicily. The local government included Sicilian nobles, and the first notaries and private teachers were Sicilian. The first members of the religious orders in fifteenth-century Malta belonged to the Sicilian province and the first organized school in Malta, the Collegium Melitense, was founded and run by Sicilian Jesuits from 1592 to the 18th century. This changed under the Knights (1530-1798) and the British (1800-1964).",Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Types,"[q2o1answer] people are masters, [q2o2answer] are novices","[q2o2answer] people are masters, [q2o1answer] are novices",None of the above,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D6,DKN05,,7. Where does knowledge transmission between [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people typically take place?,This is highly contextual,"At the University of Malta and those of Catania, Palermo and Messina, mainly during conferences or lectures given by visiting lecturers or through cooperation on scientific projects of mutual interest.",Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Types,At places which belong to the [q2o1answer],At places which belong to the [q2o2answer],At places which belong to some other group,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D11,DKN28,,8. How much influence can the [q2o1answer] people exert over the decision of what constitutes legitimate knowledge in this domain?,Influence is practically never exerted,,Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Scalar,Influence is practically always exerted,Influence is very much exerted,Influence is somewhat exerted,Influence is exerted very little,Influence is practically never exerted,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D9,DKN06,,9. Are there any speech styles used in the knowledge domain?,Yes,"In Malta standard Maltese and English are used, according to the topic being discussed during the specific lessons or lectures.",Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D12,DKN31,,"10. How often are these speech styles typically used in knowledge transmission, in comparison with unmonitored speech?",Always,"Standard Maltese and/or English, according to the subject being treated. Maltese schools are bilingual, with a number of subjects taught through Maltese, others through English.",Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Scalar,Always,Sometimes,As much as unmonitored speech,Rarely,Never,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DKN03,DKN03-1,"11. Involvement in the knowledge domain. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on hierarchies associated to profession or wealth, such as a person's class and caste?",Yes,,Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DKN03,DKN03-2,"11. Involvement in the knowledge domain. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on whether a person belongs to some magico-religiously sanctioned group, such as religious denomination?",No,,Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DKN03,DKN03-3,"11. Involvement in the knowledge domain. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on a person's descent group, such as clan, house, lineage group, kinship group?",No,,Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DKN03,DKN03-4,"11. Involvement in the knowledge domain. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on a person’s group of land ownership, such as tribe, clan, territorial group?",No,,Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DKN03,DKN03-5,"11. Involvement in the knowledge domain. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on a person’s race, ethnicity, or some other similar grouping?",No,,Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DKN03,DKN03-6,11. Involvement in the knowledge domain. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on a person’s age or life stage?,No,,Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DKN03,DKN03-7,11. Involvement in the knowledge domain. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on a person’s place identity and affiliation?,No,,Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DKN03,DKN03-8,11. Involvement in the knowledge domain. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on a person’s sex or gender?,No,"The first record of a school goes back to 1461 but from the 15th to the 18th  centuries schools were only for boys, while a few girls would receive basic lessons in reading, writing and counting at home. The first schools were established in 1819 at primary level for boys only, but in 1837 more schools were opened for both boys and girls. From 1850 to 1879 the number of children attending school went up from about 3,168 to 9,365, with the number of girls slightly outnumbering boys. Primary school became compulsory in 1946 and Secondary school since 1970.",Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DKN03,DKN03-9,11. Involvement in the knowledge domain. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on any other communities of practice?,No,,Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D10,DKN07,,12. Do [q2o1answer] people experience the knowledge domain differently depending on social group?,Yes,"Well-to-do and middle class families, as well as lower-class families who want their children to get a good education and obtain school-leaving certificates prefer to send their children to private or Church schools. Some state schools with unmotivated students face problems, but there are good state schools too.

Most Sicilian families, like Italian families, prefer to send their children to state schools because they are used to state schools being preferable in Italy. In Malta these children often face inclusion problems since the languages of instruction are English and Maltese.

In Malta contact between Maltese and Sicilian persons is not dense at all. It is sparsely spread all over the island, and therefore social differences do not come into the picture.",Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,S1,DKN08,,13. How often do [q2o1answer] people interact with [q2o2answer] people in the knowledge domain?,Rarely,"A few local academics regularly participate in various research projects concerning linguistics, archaeology, geological and marine studies in collaboration with Sicilian universities.",Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Scalar,Very often,Often,Sometimes,Rarely,Very rarely,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,S3,DKN10,,14. How many people are typically involved in interactions between [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people in the knowledge domain?,Interactions are practically always under 5 people,"On specific topics or projects they interact in very small groups, and mostly on an individual basis. Invitations to deliver lectures, in both directions, is always on an individual basis.",Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Scalar,Interactions are practically always under 5 people,Interactions are  often under 5 people,Interactions are sometimes under 5 people,Interactions are rarely under 5 people,Interactions are practically never under 5 people,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,S4,DKN11,,15. How physically proximate to each other are people in the knowledge domain?,Proximate to each other,"Distance is 93km, 20-minute flights are frequent, 4-hr trips by catamaran are even more frequent, so that it is easier for academics to cross over than in the past, but contacts between the Maltese and Sicilians in the knowledge domain is absorbed in a very wide net, comprising the UK, Italy, Belgium, Germany, France and other EU countries. Statistics and personal attitudes do not distinguish between Sicilians and Italians, and other foreigners.",Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Scalar,Very proximate to each other,Proximate to each other,Somewhat proximate to each other,Far from each other,Very far from each other,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,S5,DKN12,,16. How would you rate the overall relationship between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people in the knowledge domain?,Friendly,,Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Scalar,Friendly,Somewhat friendly,Neutral,Somewhat hostile,Hostile,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,S6,DKN29,,"17. What is the proportion of total [q2o1answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o2answer] people, in the knowledge domain?",Few people,About 20 to 30 persons in all.,Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,S7,DKN30,,"18. What is the proportion of total [q2o2answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o1answer] people, in the knowledge domain?",Few people,About 20 to 30 persons in all,Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,BA,DKN13,,19. What is the overall attitude that [q2o1answer] people have towards [q2o2answer] people in the knowledge domain?,Very positive,There is mutual respect.,Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neutral,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,BH,DKN14,,"20. How do [q2o1answer] people view themselves overall in relation to [q2o2answer] people, in the context of the knowledge domain?",[q2o1answer] see themselves as neither superior nor inferior to [q2o2answer],,Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Scalar,[q2o1answer] see themselves as very superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as superior to [q2o2answer],q2o1answer] see themselves as neither superior nor inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as very inferior to [q2o2answer],NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,BI,DKN16,,21. What language do [q2o1answer] people expect to be used with [q2o2answer] people in the knowledge domain?,Some other language,"Italian in humanities, and/or English in science and technology.",Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,O1,DKN17,,22. What language do [q2o1answer] people typically speak with [q2o2answer] people when in the knowledge domain?,Some other language,"Between the 13th and the mid-16th century it must have been a kind of Sicilian koine, but from the mid-16th century it must have been mainly Italian. Nowadays, it is still mainly Italian in the 40+ group, but mainly English among the young.",Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,O2,DKN18,,23. Do [q2o1answer] people typically simplify their language when speaking with [q2o2answer] people in the knowledge domain?,NA,,Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Types,Yes,No,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,O3,DKN19,,"24. Typically in the knowledge domain, how fluently do [q2o1answer] people speak the [q2o2answer] language?",NA,,Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Scalar,Very fluently,Fluently,Somewhat fluently,A little fluently,Not fluently at all,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,I1,DKN20,,25. What language do [q2o2answer] people typically speak with [q2o1answer] people in the knowledge domain?,Some other language,"They must have spoken Sicilian up to the 16th century, but since then they spoke Italian and many still do. However, the tendency is that they try to show off or practice their knowledge of English.",Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,I2,DKN21,,"26. Typically in the knowledge domain, how well do [q2o1answer] people understand the [q2o2answer] language?",NA,,Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Scalar,Very well,Well,Somewhat,Poorly,Very poorly,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T1,DKN22,,27. How much do [q2o1answer] children participate in the activities of the knowledge domain?,They practically never participate,"From the 15th to the 18th centuries schools were few, and their organization was very weak. Nowadays primary and secondary school is compulsory.",Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Scalar,They practically always participate,They participate a lot,They participate somewhat,They participate a little,They practically never participate,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T6,DKN23,DKN23-1,"28. Looking after children in the knowledge domain. Typically, do adults other than the parents look after children up to five year of age in the knowledge domain?",NA,"Some children are sent to nursery school before the age of 5. They attend primary school from age 6 to 11.

Obviously, children are takne care of by their teachers at school, by their parents at home.",Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T6,DKN23,DKN23-2,"28. Looking after children in the knowledge domain. Typically, do parents look after children up to five year of age in the knowledge domain?",NA,"Some children are sent to nursery school before the age of 5. They attend primary school from age 6 to 11.

Obviously, children are takne care of by their teachers at school, by their parents at home.",Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T6,DKN23,DKN23-3,"28. Looking after children in the knowledge domain. Typically, do children from sibling-kin groups look after children up to five year of age in the knowledge domain?",NA,"Some children are sent to nursery school before the age of 5. They attend primary school from age 6 to 11.

Obviously, children are takne care of by their teachers at school, by their parents at home.",Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T6,DKN23,DKN23-4,"28. Looking after children in the knowledge domain. Typically, do children up to five year of age look after each other as part of the same peer group in the knowledge domain?",NA,"Some children are sent to nursery school before the age of 5. They attend primary school from age 6 to 11.

Obviously, children are takne care of by their teachers at school, by their parents at home.",Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T11,DKN27,,"29. Typically, how much structured instruction do adults provide to children in the knowledge domain?",NA,At school all instruction is structured [today]. The various classes follow the respective syllabus.,Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Scalar,Constant structured supervision,A lot of structured supervision,Some structured supervision,Little structured supervision,No structured supervision at all,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T2,DKN24,,30. What language do [q2o2answer] adults typically speak to a [q2o1answer] children in the knowledge domain?,NA,"Mostly speak English [today], if they know it, otherwise they would speak Italian",Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T4,DKN25,,"31. Typically, what language do [q2o1answer] children from four/five year of age prefer to speak with [q2o2answer] adults?",NA,,Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T5,DKN26,,"32. Typically, what language would a [q2o1answer] child speak to [q2o2answer] children in the knowledge domain?",NA,,Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Types,[q2o1answer] children do not interact with [q2o2answer] children,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,E1,DKN96,,"33. List any other groups that the [q2o1answer] people intereacted with in the past, in the knowledge domain. List any other group in so far as you believe they had linguistic consequences for the [q2o1answer] language. Where possible, please also give an indication of when this interaction happened.","As for the other domains.
From the 14th to the mid 16th century immigration from Sicily was very strong. This produced a strong Siciian influence on Maltese phonetics and lexicon, but did not change the basic structure of the language. It increased during the times of the Knights of St John, but so did the presence of ""continental"" Italians, French and Spanish persons. There was also a strong influx in the Risorgimento (1840-1870) which strenghthened the position of Italian and introduced the genre of the historical novel, with its Romantic and patriotic ideals. Nowadays, lexical innovation comes mainly from English.",NA,Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,E4,DKN97,,"34. What type of data informed your answers to the questions in the domain of knowledge, overall?",Impressions from my own fieldwork with the exact or related community Published or ongoing research project of my own on topics covered in this questionnaire Published material by linguists Published materials by other researchers in other fields,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,TypesMultiple,Impressions from my own fieldwork with the exact or related community,Reports from language consultants,Published or ongoing research project of my own on topics covered in this questionnaire,Published material by linguists,Published materials by other researchers in other fields,Other,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,E5,DKN98,,35. How certain are you in your responses for the domain of knowledge?,Very certain,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,E6,DKN99,,36. List any comments or notes that you feel are relevant to this section of the questionnaire.,,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DKN,3,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,P1,DTR00,,1. Has trade ever been a relevant domain of contact between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer]?,Yes,Actually since prehistory. As regards the present languages since around 1200 AD.,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,P2,DTR0a,,2. How long have [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people traded for?,"Since prehistory, but interaction with the presently used languages started around the year 1200 AD.

The densest period of time for contact between Malta and Sicily was from 1050 to around 1550, because political, social and economic ties were practically exclusive. From 1550 onwards such contacts with Italy increased, and ties with the UK began in 1800 but became strong from about 1850 and are strongest today. However, statistics and testimonies for the Sicilian period are scarce, with the result that most of my responses to the questionnaire concern the present time period (roughly the last decades) when contact with Sicily is still ongoing, albeit in a much wider international framework. As regards language, contact with Sicilian died out with the coming of the Knights of St John who introduced Italian, both as an official and a spoken language for the educated classes. Moreover, today the Sicilian dialect is never spoken with foreigners by the Sicilians themselves.",,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,P2N,DTR0aN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",1000-2020,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,P3,DTR0b,,3. What is the time frame when the largest number of people had the most opportunities for interaction in trade?,"Probably between 1200 and 1900, but it is still ongoing.",,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,P3N,DTR0bN,,"Coarse time range, numerical",1200-2020,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Value,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,P4,DTR01,,"4. What other languages, if any, are spoken in trade?","Obviously Maltese and Sicilian are not used in trade or other interaction, except, perhaps, by fishermen at sea.

Italian has been used for centuries, but nowadays Sicilians try to communicate with the Maltese increasingly in English.",,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D1,DTR02,DTR02-1,5. Traded good types. Do [q2o1answer] people trade raw materials and primary produce to [q2o2answer] people?,No,,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D1,DTR02,DTR02-2,5. Traded good types. Do [q2o1answer] people trade luxury items to [q2o2answer] people?,Yes,"Importations from Sicily consist mostly of clothes (including brand names from the Outlets), fruit, and furniture.",Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D1,DTR02,DTR02-3,5. Traded good types. Do [q2o1answer] people trade manufactured goods to [q2o2answer] people?,Yes,"Importations from Sicily consist mostly of clothes (including brand names from the Outlets), fruit, and furniture.",Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D1,DTR02,DTR02-4,5. Traded good types. Do [q2o2answer] people trade raw material and primary produce to [q2o1answer] people?,Yes,"Importations from Sicily consist mostly of clothes (including brand names from the Outlets), fruit, and furniture.",Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D1,DTR02,DTR02-5,5. Traded good types. Do [q2o2answer] people trade luxury items to [q2o1answer] people?,No,,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D1,DTR02,DTR02-6,5. Traded good types. Do [q2o2answer] people trade manufactured goods to [q2o1answer] people?,Yes,,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D4,DTR24,,"6. Typically when trading with [q2o2answer] people, the [q2o1answer] people will",Use money,,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Types,Use money,Exchange objects,This is contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D6,DTR06,,7. Where does trade between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people typically take place?,At places which belong to the [q2o1answer],Importation from Sicily is much stronger than export from Malta to Sicily.,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Types,At places which belong to the [q2o1answer],At places which belong to the [q2o2answer],At places which belong to some other group,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D11,DTR17,,8. How much influence can the [q2o1answer] exert over the [q2o2answer] in terms of trade?,Influence is exerted very little,"Malta was governed from Sicily between 1127 and 1530, therefore Sicilian political, social and economic influence was strong. It became an autonomous state in 1530 when emperor Charles V granted it as a fief to the Knights of St John and therefore Sicilian political influence stopped and is never exerted nowadays.",Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Scalar,Influence is practically always exerted,Influence is very much exerted,Influence is somewhat exerted,Influence is exerted very little,Influence is practically never exerted,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D9,DTR28,,9. Are there any speech styles used in trade?,Yes,"In formal situations standard Italian or English are used, especially in correspondence. Verbal interaction can often be ungrammatical in both Italian (by the Maltese) and in English (by the Sicilians, and sometimes by the Maltese as ""sympathizing"").",Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D12,DTR35,,"10. How often are these speech styles typically used in trade, in comparison with unmonitored speech?",Sometimes,"Again, it depends on whether one is writing or speaking. Some code-mixing usually takes place, when speakers do not find the right words.",Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Scalar,Always,Sometimes,As much as monitored speech,Rarely,Never,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DTR03,DTR03-1,"11. Involvement in trade. Does involvement in trade differ based on hierarchies associated to profession or wealth, such as a person's class or caste?",Yes,,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DTR03,DTR03-2,"11. Involvement in trade. Does involvement in trade differ based on whether a person belongs to some magico-religiously sanctioned group, such as religious denomination?",Yes,,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DTR03,DTR03-3,"11. Involvement in trade. Does involvement in trade differ based on a person's descent group, such as clan, house, lineage group, kinship group?",No,,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DTR03,DTR03-4,"11. Involvement in trade. Does involvement in the knowledge domain differ based on a person’s group of land ownership, such as tribe, clan, territorial group?",No,,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DTR03,DTR03-5,"11. Involvement in trade. Does involvement in trade differ based on a person’s race, ethnicity, or some other similar grouping?",Yes,,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DTR03,DTR03-6,11. Involvement in trade. Does involvement in trade differ based on a person’s age or life stage?,Yes,,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DTR03,DTR03-7,11. Involvement in trade. Does involvement in trade differ based on a person’s place identity and affiliation?,No,,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DTR03,DTR03-8,11. Involvement in trade. Does involvement in trade differ based on a person’s sex or gender?,No,"Maltese elderly and mature persons are more fluent in Italian. The young, nowadays, tend to prefer English. This may also give them a certain feeling of superiority over Sicilians, who as a rule are not fluent in English.",Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D3,DTR03,DTR03-9,11. Involvement in trade. Does involvement in trade differ based on any other communities of practice?,No,,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,D10,DTR32,,12. Do [q2o1answer] people experience trade differently depending on social group?,Yes,"Mixed marriages are frequent. Some prefer to reside in Sicily, others prefer to reside in Malta. The Maltese brides or grooms will prefer to speak Italian in Sicily, as this is the prevailing trend over there, and they would have learned Italian, besides English,  at school (certainly not Sicilian). Some Sicilian men who marry a Maltese girl and work in Malta usually become fluent in English in about three years by taking lessons and oral practice, and maybe fairly fluent in Maltese in about five years.

Apparently the social group in which Maltese persons are in contact with dialect-speaking Sicilians is that of fishermen. Nowadays many Sicilians have opened pizzerias and trattorias in Malta, but they tend to use the dialect only among themselves, not with the Maltese. As a rule, since tourism is very strong in Malta and their clients would be mostly English-speaking, they get used to speaking English with all their clients.",Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,S1,DTR14,,13. How often do [q2o1answer] people trade with [q2o2answer] people?,Very often,,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Scalar,Very often,Often,Sometimes,Rarely,Very rarely,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,S3,DTR22,,14. How many people are typically involved in interactions between [q2o1answer] people and [q2o2answer] people when trading?,Interactions are rarely under 5 people,Scores.,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Scalar,Interactions are practically always under 5 people,Interactions are often under 5 people,Interactions are sometimes under 5 people,Interactions are rarely under 5 people,Interactions are practically never under 5 people,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,S4,DTR36,,15. How physically proximate to each other are people involved in trade?,Somewhat proximate to each other,"Distance between Malta and Sicily is only 93 km. Flights to Catania are very frequent (2 a day, 20 minutes in the air), and by sea they are even more frequent (4 to 6 each day), both with cargo ships, ferries and speedy catamarans (a two-hour trip).",Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Scalar,Very proximate to each other,Proximate to each other,Somewhat proximate to each other,Far from each other,Very far from each other,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,S5,DTR23,,16. How would you rate the overall relationship between [q2o1answer] and [q2o2answer] people in trade?,Friendly,,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Scalar,Friendly,Somewhat friendly,Neutral,Somewhat hostile,Hostile,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,S6,DTR33,,17. What is the proportion of total [q2o1answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o2answer] people in trade?,Some people,,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,S7,DTR34,,18. What is the proportion of total [q2o2answer] people who have opportunities for contact with [q2o1answer] people in trade?,Some people,,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Scalar,Almost everyone,Many people,Some people,Few people,Practically no one,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,BA,DTR16,,19. What is the overall attitude that [q2o1answer] people have towards [q2o2answer] people in trade?,Positive,,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Scalar,Very positive,Positive,Neutral,Negative,Very negative,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,BH,DTR29,,"20. How do [q2o1answer] people view themselves overall in relation to [q2o2answer] people, within the context of trade?",[q2o1answer] see themselves as superior to [q2o2answer],In Italy itself Sicily is considered as a rather backward region.,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Scalar,[q2o1answer] see themselves as very superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as superior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as neither superior nor inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as inferior to [q2o2answer],[q2o1answer] see themselves as very inferior to [q2o2answer],NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,BI,DTR08,,21. What language do [q2o1answer] people expect to be used when trading with [q2o2answer] people?,This is highly contextual,"Mostly in Italian, but increasingly in English. Those who do not know either language well will resort to code-switching or to a simplified formof verbal interaction.",Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,O1,DTR11,,22. What language do [q2o1answer] people typically speak when trading with [q2o2answer] people?,Some other language,"Mostly Italian, but increasingly in English nowadays.",Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,O2,DTR12,,23. Do [q2o1answer] people typically simplify their language when speaking with [q2o2answer] people during trade?,NA,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Types,Yes,No,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,O3,DTR13,,"24. Typically in trade, how fluently do [q2o1answer] people speak the [q2o2answer] language?",NA,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Scalar,Very fluently,Fluently,Somewhat fluently,A little fluently,Not fluently at all,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,I1,DTR09,,25. What language do [q2o2answer] people typically speak when trading with the [q2o1answer]?,Some other language,"Mostly Italian, but increasingly in English, especially among the young.",Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,I2,DTR10,,"26. Typically in trade, how well do [q2o1answer] people understand the [q2o2answer] language?",NA,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Scalar,Very well,Well,Somewhat,Poorly,Very poorly,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T1,DTR18,,27. How much do [q2o1answer] children participate in trade?,They practically never participate,,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Scalar,They practically always participate,They participate a lot,They participate somewhat,They participate a little,They practically never participate,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T6,DTR27,DTR27-1,"28. Looking after children during trade. Typically, do adults other than the parents look after children up to five year of age during trade?",NA,,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T6,DTR27,DTR27-2,"28. Looking after children during trade. Typically, do parents look after children up to five year of age during trade?",NA,,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T6,DTR27,DTR27-3,"28. Looking after children during trade. Typically, do children from sibling-kin groups look after children up to five year of age during trade?",NA,,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T6,DTR27,DTR27-4,"28. Looking after children during trade. Typically, do children up to five year of age look after each other as part of the same peer group during trade?",NA,,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Binary-YesNo,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T11,DTR31,,"29. Typically, how much supervision do adults provide to children in trade?",NA,,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Scalar,Constant supervision,A lot of supervision,Some supervision,Little supervision,No supervision at all,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T2,DTR19,,30. What language do [q2o2answer] adults typically speak to a [q2o1answer] children in trade?,NA,,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T4,DTR20,,"31. Typically, what language do [q2o1answer] children from four/five year of age prefer to speak with [q2o2answer] adults?",NA,,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Types,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,T5,DTR37,,"32. Typically, what language would a [q2o1answer] child speak to [q2o2answer] children in trade?",NA,,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Types,[q2o1answer] children do not interact with [q2o2answer] children,The [q2o1answer] language,The [q2o2answer] language,Some other language,This is highly contextual,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,E1,DTR96,,"33. List any other groups that the [q2o1answer] traded with in the past, in so far as you believe this had linguistic consequences for the [q2o1answer] language. Where possible, please also give an indication of when this happened.","Catholic Religion: the orders who established convents here came over from Sicily and belonged to the Sicilian province in the 13th-17th centuries.
Administration: Malta was governed from Sicily (Normans, Swabians, Anjevins, Aragonese, Castilians up to 1530. This contact enriched Maltese vocabulary with thousands of words, especially in the terminology of administration and handcrafts. Italian replaced Chancery Sicilian at the time of the Knights of Malta.
English creeped in slowly in 1814 and became dominant in the 1930s.",NA,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,E4,DTR97,,"34. What type of data informed your answers to the questions in the domain of trade, overall?",Published or ongoing research project of my own on topics covered in this questionnaire,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,TypesMultiple,Impressions from my own fieldwork with the exact or related community,Reports from language consultants,Published or ongoing research project of my own on topics covered in this questionnaire,Published material by linguists,Published materials by other researchers in other fields,Other,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,E5,DTR98,,35. How certain are you in your responses for the domain of trade?,Very certain,NA,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Scalar,Very certain,Certain,Somewhat certain,Uncertain,Very uncertain,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"
1.0.0,set06a,set14,E6,DTR99,,36. List any comments or notes that you feel are relevant to this section of the questionnaire.,"Besides cross-border trade, contact between Sicilians and Maltese persons depended heavily on immigration from Sicily of thousands of men from 1200 to 1800, being densest between 1550 and 1750 (as shown by parish registers).",NA,Joseph M Brincat,DTR,1,Comment,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Brincat,Maltese,Maltese,mlt,malt1254,Sicilian,Sicilian,scn,sici1248,Maltese - Scicilian,mlt-scn,malt1254-sici1248,Europe,"OR, EK"